fix(catalogs): raise catalog error, not raw ValueError, on a malformed URL (#3435)

CatalogStackBase._validate_catalog_url read parsed.hostname, which raises
ValueError on a malformed authority (e.g. an unclosed ipv6 bracket
"https://[::1"). every other reject path raises the class catalog error, so
the raw ValueError leaked to the caller. wrap the parse + hostname access and
convert ValueError to the normal error via cls._error.

twin of the bundler fix in adapters._validate_remote_url.

src/specify_cli/catalogs.py

@@ -71,8 +71,12 @@ class CatalogStackBase:
         """Validate that a catalog URL uses HTTPS, except localhost HTTP."""
         from urllib.parse import urlparse
 
-        parsed = urlparse(url)
-        is_localhost = parsed.hostname in ("localhost", "127.0.0.1", "::1")
+        try:
+            parsed = urlparse(url)
+            hostname = parsed.hostname
+        except ValueError:
+            raise cls._error(f"Catalog URL is malformed: {url}") from None
+        is_localhost = hostname in ("localhost", "127.0.0.1", "::1")
         if parsed.scheme != "https" and not (parsed.scheme == "http" and is_localhost):
             raise cls._error(
                 f"Catalog URL must use HTTPS (got {parsed.scheme}://). "
@@ -81,7 +85,7 @@ class CatalogStackBase:
         # Check hostname, not netloc: netloc is truthy for host-less URLs like
         # "https://:8080" or "https://user@", so the host guarantee this error
         # promises would not actually hold. hostname is None in those cases (#3209).
-        if not parsed.hostname:
+        if not hostname:
             raise cls._error("Catalog URL must be a valid URL with a host.")
 
     def _load_catalog_config(self, config_path: Path) -> list[CatalogEntry] | None: