feat(common): emit typed validation errors from shared shortcut pre-checks (#1242)

Input pre-check failures shared by every shortcut — @file/stdin input
resolution, enum validation, and unsupported --dry-run — now leave the
CLI as typed validation envelopes naming the offending flag, so scripts
and AI agents can branch on `param` instead of parsing prose. Wire type,
exit code, and message text are unchanged; the new fields are additive.

The shared layer also gains typed replacements for its legacy
error-producing helpers, so each business domain can migrate to typed
errors without rebuilding common plumbing, and a path-scoped lint guard
keeps migrated domains from sliding back.

Changes:
- Shared pre-check failures (input flags, enum values, dry-run support)
  return typed validation errors carrying the offending flag as `param`.
- Every legacy error-producing helper in shortcuts/common has a typed
  replacement that preserves the existing message text: validation and
  flag-group checks, chat/user ID validation (callers name the flag so
  `param` is ground truth), "me" open-id resolution, safe-path checks,
  input-stat and save-error wrapping. Legacy helpers stay for
  not-yet-migrated domains, marked deprecated — including the legacy
  API-result classifier, whose typed route is runtime.CallAPITyped.
- A new errscontract rule rejects legacy common-helper calls on migrated
  paths, so a migrated domain cannot silently reintroduce legacy
  envelopes; drive is the first locked path and its last legacy
  ID-helper calls are replaced.

lint/errscontract/rule_no_legacy_common_helper_call.go

@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package errscontract
+
+import (
+	"go/ast"
+	"go/parser"
+	"go/token"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+// migratedCommonHelperPaths lists source-tree prefixes whose command validation
+// has migrated to typed errs.* envelopes. On these paths, calls to common's
+// legacy validation/save helpers are forbidden; callers must use the typed
+// common replacements or construct an errs.* typed error directly.
+var migratedCommonHelperPaths = []string{
+	"shortcuts/drive/",
+}
+
+const commonImportPath = "github.com/larksuite/cli/shortcuts/common"
+
+var legacyCommonHelperReplacements = map[string]string{
+	"FlagErrorf":              "common.ValidationErrorf",
+	"MutuallyExclusive":       "common.MutuallyExclusiveTyped",
+	"AtLeastOne":              "common.AtLeastOneTyped",
+	"ExactlyOne":              "common.ExactlyOneTyped",
+	"ValidatePageSize":        "common.ValidatePageSizeTyped",
+	"ValidateChatID":          "common.ValidateChatIDTyped",
+	"ValidateUserID":          "common.ValidateUserIDTyped",
+	"ValidateSafePath":        "common.ValidateSafePathTyped",
+	"RejectDangerousChars":    "common.RejectDangerousCharsTyped",
+	"WrapInputStatError":      "common.WrapInputStatErrorTyped",
+	"WrapSaveErrorByCategory": "common.WrapSaveErrorTyped",
+	"ResolveOpenIDs":          "common.ResolveOpenIDsTyped",
+	"HandleApiResult":         "runtime.CallAPITyped",
+}
+
+// CheckNoLegacyCommonHelperCall flags any reference to common's legacy helper
+// APIs on migrated paths — direct calls and function-value references alike,
+// so `f := common.FlagErrorf; f(...)` cannot slip past the guard. These
+// helpers return legacy output envelopes or bare errors, so migrated domains
+// should use their typed-aware replacements.
+func CheckNoLegacyCommonHelperCall(path, src string) []Violation {
+	if !isMigratedCommonHelperPath(path) || strings.HasSuffix(path, "_test.go") {
+		return nil
+	}
+	fset := token.NewFileSet()
+	file, err := parser.ParseFile(fset, path, src, parser.ParseComments)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	localNames, dotImported := resolveCommonNames(file)
+	var out []Violation
+	report := func(pos token.Pos, name, replacement string) {
+		out = append(out, Violation{
+			Rule:       "no_legacy_common_helper_call",
+			Action:     ActionReject,
+			File:       path,
+			Line:       fset.Position(pos).Line,
+			Message:    "common." + name + " returns a legacy error shape and is forbidden on migrated paths",
+			Suggestion: "replace common." + name + " with " + replacement + " or a typed errs.* constructor",
+		})
+	}
+	// Pass 1: qualified references (common.X / alias.X). Record every
+	// selector field so the dot-import pass below never mistakes another
+	// package's same-named field for a common helper.
+	selFields := make(map[*ast.Ident]struct{})
+	ast.Inspect(file, func(n ast.Node) bool {
+		sel, ok := n.(*ast.SelectorExpr)
+		if !ok {
+			return true
+		}
+		selFields[sel.Sel] = struct{}{}
+		x, ok := sel.X.(*ast.Ident)
+		if !ok {
+			return true
+		}
+		if _, bound := localNames[x.Name]; !bound {
+			return true
+		}
+		if replacement, ok := legacyCommonHelperReplacements[sel.Sel.Name]; ok {
+			report(sel.Pos(), sel.Sel.Name, replacement)
+		}
+		return true
+	})
+	// Pass 2: unqualified references under a dot import.
+	if dotImported {
+		ast.Inspect(file, func(n ast.Node) bool {
+			ident, ok := n.(*ast.Ident)
+			if !ok {
+				return true
+			}
+			if _, isField := selFields[ident]; isField {
+				return true
+			}
+			if replacement, ok := legacyCommonHelperReplacements[ident.Name]; ok {
+				report(ident.Pos(), ident.Name, replacement)
+			}
+			return true
+		})
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+func isMigratedCommonHelperPath(path string) bool {
+	p := strings.ReplaceAll(path, "\\", "/")
+	for _, prefix := range migratedCommonHelperPaths {
+		if strings.HasPrefix(p, prefix) || strings.Contains(p, "/"+prefix) {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func resolveCommonNames(file *ast.File) (map[string]struct{}, bool) {
+	names := make(map[string]struct{})
+	dotImported := false
+	for _, imp := range file.Imports {
+		if imp.Path == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		p := strings.Trim(imp.Path.Value, "`\"")
+		if p != commonImportPath {
+			continue
+		}
+		switch {
+		case imp.Name == nil:
+			names["common"] = struct{}{}
+		case imp.Name.Name == ".":
+			dotImported = true
+		case imp.Name.Name == "_":
+		default:
+			names[imp.Name.Name] = struct{}{}
+		}
+	}
+	return names, dotImported
+}

lint/errscontract/rules_test.go

@@ -877,3 +877,123 @@ func boom(runtime *common.RuntimeContext) error {
 		t.Errorf("test files must be skipped, got: %+v", v)
 	}
 }
+
+func TestCheckNoLegacyCommonHelperCall_RejectsLegacyHelpersOnMigratedPath(t *testing.T) {
+	helpers := []string{
+		"FlagErrorf",
+		"MutuallyExclusive",
+		"AtLeastOne",
+		"ExactlyOne",
+		"ValidatePageSize",
+		"ValidateChatID",
+		"ValidateUserID",
+		"ValidateSafePath",
+		"RejectDangerousChars",
+		"WrapInputStatError",
+		"WrapSaveErrorByCategory",
+		"ResolveOpenIDs",
+		"HandleApiResult",
+	}
+	for _, helper := range helpers {
+		t.Run(helper, func(t *testing.T) {
+			src := `package drive
+
+import "github.com/larksuite/cli/shortcuts/common"
+
+func boom() {
+	common.` + helper + `()
+}
+`
+			v := CheckNoLegacyCommonHelperCall("shortcuts/drive/drive_search.go", src)
+			if len(v) != 1 {
+				t.Fatalf("expected 1 violation for %s, got %d: %+v", helper, len(v), v)
+			}
+			if v[0].Action != ActionReject {
+				t.Errorf("action = %q, want REJECT", v[0].Action)
+			}
+			if !strings.Contains(v[0].Message, "common."+helper) {
+				t.Errorf("message should name helper %s: %s", helper, v[0].Message)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCheckNoLegacyCommonHelperCall_AllowsNonMigratedPath(t *testing.T) {
+	src := `package im
+
+import "github.com/larksuite/cli/shortcuts/common"
+
+func boom() {
+	common.FlagErrorf("legacy allowed until domain migrates")
+}
+`
+	v := CheckNoLegacyCommonHelperCall("shortcuts/im/im_send.go", src)
+	if len(v) != 0 {
+		t.Errorf("non-migrated path must pass, got: %+v", v)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCheckNoLegacyCommonHelperCall_AllowsTypedHelpersOnMigratedPath(t *testing.T) {
+	src := `package drive
+
+import "github.com/larksuite/cli/shortcuts/common"
+
+func boom() {
+	common.ValidationErrorf("typed")
+	common.MutuallyExclusiveTyped(nil, "a", "b")
+	common.ValidateChatIDTyped("--chat-ids", "oc_abc")
+	common.ResolveOpenIDsTyped("--user-ids", nil, nil)
+	common.WrapSaveErrorTyped(nil)
+}
+`
+	v := CheckNoLegacyCommonHelperCall("shortcuts/drive/drive_search.go", src)
+	if len(v) != 0 {
+		t.Errorf("typed helpers must pass, got: %+v", v)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCheckNoLegacyCommonHelperCall_RejectsAliasedImport(t *testing.T) {
+	src := `package drive
+
+import c "github.com/larksuite/cli/shortcuts/common"
+
+func boom() {
+	c.FlagErrorf("legacy")
+}
+`
+	v := CheckNoLegacyCommonHelperCall("shortcuts/drive/drive_search.go", src)
+	if len(v) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 1 violation for aliased common import, got %d: %+v", len(v), v)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCheckNoLegacyCommonHelperCall_RejectsDotImport(t *testing.T) {
+	src := `package drive
+
+import . "github.com/larksuite/cli/shortcuts/common"
+
+func boom() {
+	FlagErrorf("legacy")
+}
+`
+	v := CheckNoLegacyCommonHelperCall("shortcuts/drive/drive_search.go", src)
+	if len(v) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 1 violation for dot-imported common, got %d: %+v", len(v), v)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCheckNoLegacyCommonHelperCall_RejectsFunctionValueReference(t *testing.T) {
+	src := `package drive
+
+import "github.com/larksuite/cli/shortcuts/common"
+
+func boom() error {
+	f := common.FlagErrorf
+	return f("legacy")
+}
+`
+	v := CheckNoLegacyCommonHelperCall("shortcuts/drive/drive_search.go", src)
+	if len(v) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 1 violation for function-value reference, got %d: %+v", len(v), v)
+	}
+}

lint/errscontract/scan.go

@@ -108,6 +108,7 @@ func ScanRepo(root string) ([]Violation, error) {
 		all = append(all, CheckTypedErrorCompleteness(rel, string(src))...)
 		all = append(all, CheckNoLegacyEnvelopeLiteral(rel, string(src))...)
 		all = append(all, CheckNoLegacyRuntimeAPICall(rel, string(src))...)
+		all = append(all, CheckNoLegacyCommonHelperCall(rel, string(src))...)
 		// Typed-error invariants — self-scope to errs/ + classify.go.
 		all = append(all, CheckNilSafeError(rel, string(src))...)
 		all = append(all, CheckUnwrapSymmetry(rel, string(src))...)

shortcuts/common/common.go

@@ -164,6 +164,9 @@ func CheckApiError(w io.Writer, result interface{}, action string) bool {
 }
 
 // HandleApiResult checks for network/API errors and returns the "data" field.
+//
+// Deprecated: use RuntimeContext.CallAPITyped (or ClassifyAPIResponse for
+// self-driven requests) for typed error envelopes.
 func HandleApiResult(result interface{}, err error, action string) (map[string]interface{}, error) {
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, output.Errorf(output.ExitAPI, "api_error", "%s: %s", action, err)

shortcuts/common/runner.go

@@ -625,6 +625,8 @@ func WrapOpenError(err error, pathMsg, readMsg string) error {
 //   - Other errors → readMsg prefix (default "cannot read file")
 //
 // Pass an optional readMsg to override the non-path-validation message prefix.
+//
+// Deprecated: use WrapInputStatErrorTyped for typed error envelopes.
 func WrapInputStatError(err error, readMsg ...string) error {
 	if err == nil {
 		return nil
@@ -639,9 +641,28 @@ func WrapInputStatError(err error, readMsg ...string) error {
 	return output.ErrValidation("%s: %s", msg, err)
 }
 
+// WrapInputStatErrorTyped wraps a FileIO.Stat/Open error for input file validation.
+func WrapInputStatErrorTyped(err error, readMsg ...string) error {
+	if err == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	if errors.Is(err, fileio.ErrPathValidation) {
+		return errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, "unsafe file path: %s", err).
+			WithCause(err)
+	}
+	msg := "cannot read file"
+	if len(readMsg) > 0 && readMsg[0] != "" {
+		msg = readMsg[0]
+	}
+	return errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, "%s: %s", msg, err).
+		WithCause(err)
+}
+
 // WrapSaveErrorByCategory maps a FileIO.Save error to structured output errors,
 // using standardized messages and the given error category (e.g. "api_error", "io").
 // Path validation errors always use ErrValidation (exit code 2).
+//
+// Deprecated: use WrapSaveErrorTyped for typed error envelopes.
 func WrapSaveErrorByCategory(err error, category string) error {
 	if err == nil {
 		return nil
@@ -657,6 +678,28 @@ func WrapSaveErrorByCategory(err error, category string) error {
 	}
 }
 
+// WrapSaveErrorTyped maps a FileIO.Save error to typed validation/internal errors.
+// Unlike WrapSaveErrorByCategory, non-path failures always emit the canonical
+// "internal" wire type: call sites migrating from a custom category
+// (e.g. "io", "api_error") change their envelope's type field.
+func WrapSaveErrorTyped(err error) error {
+	if err == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	var me *fileio.MkdirError
+	switch {
+	case errors.Is(err, fileio.ErrPathValidation):
+		return errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, "unsafe output path: %s", err).
+			WithCause(err)
+	case errors.As(err, &me):
+		return errs.NewInternalError(errs.SubtypeFileIO, "cannot create parent directory: %s", err).
+			WithCause(err)
+	default:
+		return errs.NewInternalError(errs.SubtypeFileIO, "cannot create file: %s", err).
+			WithCause(err)
+	}
+}
+
 // ValidatePath checks that path is a valid relative input path within the
 // working directory by delegating to FileIO.Stat. Returns nil if the path is
 // valid or does not exist yet; returns an error only for illegal paths
@@ -1022,7 +1065,8 @@ func resolveInputFlags(rctx *RuntimeContext, flags []Flag) error {
 		}
 		raw, err := rctx.Cmd.Flags().GetString(fl.Name)
 		if err != nil {
-			return FlagErrorf("--%s: Input is only supported for string flags", fl.Name)
+			return ValidationErrorf("--%s: Input is only supported for string flags", fl.Name).
+				WithParam("--" + fl.Name)
 		}
 		if raw == "" {
 			continue
@@ -1031,15 +1075,19 @@ func resolveInputFlags(rctx *RuntimeContext, flags []Flag) error {
 		// stdin: -
 		if raw == "-" {
 			if !slices.Contains(fl.Input, Stdin) {
-				return FlagErrorf("--%s does not support stdin (-)", fl.Name)
+				return ValidationErrorf("--%s does not support stdin (-)", fl.Name).
+					WithParam("--" + fl.Name)
 			}
 			if stdinUsed {
-				return FlagErrorf("--%s: stdin (-) can only be used by one flag", fl.Name)
+				return ValidationErrorf("--%s: stdin (-) can only be used by one flag", fl.Name).
+					WithParam("--" + fl.Name)
 			}
 			stdinUsed = true
 			data, err := io.ReadAll(rctx.IO().In)
 			if err != nil {
-				return FlagErrorf("--%s: failed to read from stdin: %v", fl.Name, err)
+				return ValidationErrorf("--%s: failed to read from stdin: %v", fl.Name, err).
+					WithParam("--" + fl.Name).
+					WithCause(err)
 			}
 			rctx.Cmd.Flags().Set(fl.Name, string(data))
 			continue
@@ -1054,15 +1102,19 @@ func resolveInputFlags(rctx *RuntimeContext, flags []Flag) error {
 		// file: @path
 		if strings.HasPrefix(raw, "@") {
 			if !slices.Contains(fl.Input, File) {
-				return FlagErrorf("--%s does not support file input (@path)", fl.Name)
+				return ValidationErrorf("--%s does not support file input (@path)", fl.Name).
+					WithParam("--" + fl.Name)
 			}
 			path := strings.TrimSpace(raw[1:])
 			if path == "" {
-				return FlagErrorf("--%s: file path cannot be empty after @", fl.Name)
+				return ValidationErrorf("--%s: file path cannot be empty after @", fl.Name).
+					WithParam("--" + fl.Name)
 			}
 			data, err := cmdutil.ReadInputFile(rctx.FileIO(), path)
 			if err != nil {
-				return FlagErrorf("--%s: %v", fl.Name, err)
+				return ValidationErrorf("--%s: %v", fl.Name, err).
+					WithParam("--" + fl.Name).
+					WithCause(err)
 			}
 			rctx.Cmd.Flags().Set(fl.Name, string(data))
 			continue
@@ -1088,7 +1140,8 @@ func validateEnumFlags(rctx *RuntimeContext, flags []Flag) error {
 			}
 		}
 		if !valid {
-			return FlagErrorf("invalid value %q for --%s, allowed: %s", val, fl.Name, strings.Join(fl.Enum, ", "))
+			return ValidationErrorf("invalid value %q for --%s, allowed: %s", val, fl.Name, strings.Join(fl.Enum, ", ")).
+				WithParam("--" + fl.Name)
 		}
 	}
 	return nil
@@ -1096,7 +1149,8 @@ func validateEnumFlags(rctx *RuntimeContext, flags []Flag) error {
 
 func handleShortcutDryRun(f *cmdutil.Factory, rctx *RuntimeContext, s *Shortcut) error {
 	if s.DryRun == nil {
-		return FlagErrorf("--dry-run is not supported for %s %s", s.Service, s.Command)
+		return ValidationErrorf("--dry-run is not supported for %s %s", s.Service, s.Command).
+			WithParam("--dry-run")
 	}
 	fmt.Fprintln(f.IOStreams.ErrOut, "=== Dry Run ===")
 	dryResult := s.DryRun(rctx.ctx, rctx)

shortcuts/common/runner_input_test.go

@@ -129,6 +129,7 @@ func TestResolveInputFlags_StdinNotSupported(t *testing.T) {
 	if err == nil {
 		t.Fatal("expected error for stdin not supported")
 	}
+	assertValidationParam(t, err, "--data")
 	if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "does not support stdin") {
 		t.Errorf("unexpected error: %v", err)
 	}
@@ -142,6 +143,7 @@ func TestResolveInputFlags_FileNotSupported(t *testing.T) {
 	if err == nil {
 		t.Fatal("expected error for file not supported")
 	}
+	assertValidationParam(t, err, "--data")
 	if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "does not support file input") {
 		t.Errorf("unexpected error: %v", err)
 	}
@@ -158,6 +160,7 @@ func TestResolveInputFlags_FileNotFound(t *testing.T) {
 	if err == nil {
 		t.Fatal("expected error for missing file")
 	}
+	assertValidationParam(t, err, "--markdown")
 	if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "cannot read file") {
 		t.Errorf("unexpected error: %v", err)
 	}
@@ -171,6 +174,7 @@ func TestResolveInputFlags_EmptyFilePath(t *testing.T) {
 	if err == nil {
 		t.Fatal("expected error for empty file path")
 	}
+	assertValidationParam(t, err, "--markdown")
 	if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "file path cannot be empty after @") {
 		t.Errorf("unexpected error: %v", err)
 	}
@@ -212,6 +216,7 @@ func TestResolveInputFlags_DuplicateStdin(t *testing.T) {
 	if err == nil {
 		t.Fatal("expected error for duplicate stdin usage")
 	}
+	assertValidationParam(t, err, "--b")
 	if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "stdin (-) can only be used by one flag") {
 		t.Errorf("unexpected error: %v", err)
 	}

shortcuts/common/runner_validation_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package common
+
+import "testing"
+
+func TestValidateEnumFlags_ReturnsTypedValidation(t *testing.T) {
+	rctx := newTestRuntime(map[string]string{"mode": "delete"})
+	err := validateEnumFlags(rctx, []Flag{
+		{Name: "mode", Enum: []string{"append", "overwrite"}},
+	})
+	assertValidationParam(t, err, "--mode")
+}
+
+func TestHandleShortcutDryRunUnsupported_ReturnsTypedValidation(t *testing.T) {
+	err := handleShortcutDryRun(nil, nil, &Shortcut{
+		Service: "doc",
+		Command: "fetch",
+	})
+	assertValidationParam(t, err, "--dry-run")
+}

shortcuts/common/userids.go

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 package common
 
 import (
+	"fmt"
 	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/output"
@@ -13,9 +14,32 @@ import (
 // open_id, removes duplicates case-insensitively while preserving the
 // first-occurrence form, and returns nil for an empty input. flagName is
 // used in error messages to point the user at the offending CLI flag.
+//
+// Deprecated: use ResolveOpenIDsTyped for typed error envelopes.
 func ResolveOpenIDs(flagName string, ids []string, runtime *RuntimeContext) ([]string, error) {
+	out, msg := resolveOpenIDs(flagName, ids, runtime)
+	if msg != "" {
+		return nil, output.ErrValidation("%s", msg)
+	}
+	return out, nil
+}
+
+// ResolveOpenIDsTyped expands the special identifier "me" to the current
+// user's open_id, removes duplicates case-insensitively while preserving the
+// first-occurrence form, and returns nil for an empty input. flagName names
+// the flag being resolved (e.g. "--user-ids") and is recorded on the typed
+// error.
+func ResolveOpenIDsTyped(flagName string, ids []string, runtime *RuntimeContext) ([]string, error) {
+	out, msg := resolveOpenIDs(flagName, ids, runtime)
+	if msg != "" {
+		return nil, ValidationErrorf("%s", msg).WithParam(flagName)
+	}
+	return out, nil
+}
+
+func resolveOpenIDs(flagName string, ids []string, runtime *RuntimeContext) ([]string, string) {
 	if len(ids) == 0 {
-		return nil, nil
+		return nil, ""
 	}
 	currentUserID := runtime.UserOpenId()
 	seen := make(map[string]struct{}, len(ids))
@@ -23,7 +47,7 @@ func ResolveOpenIDs(flagName string, ids []string, runtime *RuntimeContext) ([]s
 	for _, id := range ids {
 		if strings.EqualFold(id, "me") {
 			if currentUserID == "" {
-				return nil, output.ErrValidation("%s: \"me\" requires a logged-in user with a resolvable open_id", flagName)
+				return nil, fmt.Sprintf("%s: \"me\" requires a logged-in user with a resolvable open_id", flagName)
 			}
 			id = currentUserID
 		}
@@ -34,5 +58,5 @@ func ResolveOpenIDs(flagName string, ids []string, runtime *RuntimeContext) ([]s
 		seen[key] = struct{}{}
 		out = append(out, id)
 	}
-	return out, nil
+	return out, ""
 }

shortcuts/common/userids_test.go

@@ -75,3 +75,24 @@ func TestResolveOpenIDs_DedupIsCaseInsensitive(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("case-insensitive dedup failed: got %v, want [ou_abc123]", out)
 	}
 }
+
+func TestResolveOpenIDsTyped_MeWithoutLogin_ReturnsTypedValidation(t *testing.T) {
+	rt := resolveOpenIDsTestRuntime("")
+	_, err := ResolveOpenIDsTyped("--user-ids", []string{"me"}, rt)
+	validationErr := assertValidationParam(t, err, "--user-ids")
+	if !strings.Contains(validationErr.Message, "--user-ids") {
+		t.Fatalf("error should mention the offending flag name; got: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestResolveOpenIDsTyped_ExpandsMeAndDedups(t *testing.T) {
+	rt := resolveOpenIDsTestRuntime("ou_self")
+	out, err := ResolveOpenIDsTyped("--user-ids", []string{"me", "ou_a", "me", "ou_a"}, rt)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+	}
+	want := []string{"ou_self", "ou_a"}
+	if len(out) != len(want) || out[0] != want[0] || out[1] != want[1] {
+		t.Fatalf("got %v, want %v", out, want)
+	}
+}

shortcuts/common/validate.go

@@ -8,16 +8,26 @@ import (
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/extension/fileio"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/output"
 )
 
 // FlagErrorf returns a validation error with flag context (exit code 2).
+//
+// Deprecated: use ValidationErrorf for typed error envelopes.
 func FlagErrorf(format string, args ...any) error {
 	return output.ErrValidation(format, args...)
 }
 
+// ValidationErrorf returns a typed validation error with invalid_argument subtype.
+func ValidationErrorf(format string, args ...any) *errs.ValidationError {
+	return errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, format, args...)
+}
+
 // MutuallyExclusive checks that at most one of the given flags is set.
+//
+// Deprecated: use MutuallyExclusiveTyped for typed error envelopes.
 func MutuallyExclusive(rt *RuntimeContext, flags ...string) error {
 	var set []string
 	for _, f := range flags {
@@ -32,7 +42,25 @@ func MutuallyExclusive(rt *RuntimeContext, flags ...string) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
+// MutuallyExclusiveTyped checks that at most one of the given flags is set.
+func MutuallyExclusiveTyped(rt *RuntimeContext, flags ...string) error {
+	var set []string
+	for _, f := range flags {
+		val := rt.Str(f)
+		if val != "" {
+			set = append(set, "--"+f)
+		}
+	}
+	if len(set) > 1 {
+		return ValidationErrorf("%s are mutually exclusive", strings.Join(set, " and ")).
+			WithParams(invalidParams(set, "mutually exclusive")...)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
 // AtLeastOne checks that at least one of the given flags is set.
+//
+// Deprecated: use AtLeastOneTyped for typed error envelopes.
 func AtLeastOne(rt *RuntimeContext, flags ...string) error {
 	for _, f := range flags {
 		if rt.Str(f) != "" {
@@ -46,7 +74,24 @@ func AtLeastOne(rt *RuntimeContext, flags ...string) error {
 	return FlagErrorf("specify at least one of %s", strings.Join(names, " or "))
 }
 
+// AtLeastOneTyped checks that at least one of the given flags is set.
+func AtLeastOneTyped(rt *RuntimeContext, flags ...string) error {
+	for _, f := range flags {
+		if rt.Str(f) != "" {
+			return nil
+		}
+	}
+	names := make([]string, len(flags))
+	for i, f := range flags {
+		names[i] = "--" + f
+	}
+	return ValidationErrorf("specify at least one of %s", strings.Join(names, " or ")).
+		WithParams(invalidParams(names, "required; specify at least one")...)
+}
+
 // ExactlyOne checks that exactly one of the given flags is set.
+//
+// Deprecated: use ExactlyOneTyped for typed error envelopes.
 func ExactlyOne(rt *RuntimeContext, flags ...string) error {
 	if err := AtLeastOne(rt, flags...); err != nil {
 		return err
@@ -54,8 +99,18 @@ func ExactlyOne(rt *RuntimeContext, flags ...string) error {
 	return MutuallyExclusive(rt, flags...)
 }
 
+// ExactlyOneTyped checks that exactly one of the given flags is set.
+func ExactlyOneTyped(rt *RuntimeContext, flags ...string) error {
+	if err := AtLeastOneTyped(rt, flags...); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return MutuallyExclusiveTyped(rt, flags...)
+}
+
 // ValidatePageSize validates that the named flag (if set) is an integer within [minVal, maxVal].
 // It returns the parsed value (or defaultVal if the flag is empty) and any validation error.
+//
+// Deprecated: use ValidatePageSizeTyped for typed error envelopes.
 func ValidatePageSize(rt *RuntimeContext, flagName string, defaultVal, minVal, maxVal int) (int, error) {
 	s := rt.Str(flagName)
 	if s == "" {
@@ -71,6 +126,25 @@ func ValidatePageSize(rt *RuntimeContext, flagName string, defaultVal, minVal, m
 	return n, nil
 }
 
+// ValidatePageSizeTyped validates that the named flag (if set) is an integer within [minVal, maxVal].
+// It returns the parsed value (or defaultVal if the flag is empty) and any validation error.
+func ValidatePageSizeTyped(rt *RuntimeContext, flagName string, defaultVal, minVal, maxVal int) (int, error) {
+	s := rt.Str(flagName)
+	param := "--" + flagName
+	if s == "" {
+		return defaultVal, nil
+	}
+	n, err := strconv.Atoi(s)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, ValidationErrorf("invalid --%s %q: must be an integer", flagName, s).WithParam(param)
+	}
+	if n < minVal || n > maxVal {
+		return 0, ValidationErrorf("invalid --%s %d: must be between %d and %d", flagName, n, minVal, maxVal).
+			WithParam(param)
+	}
+	return n, nil
+}
+
 // ParseIntBounded parses an int flag and clamps it to [min, max].
 func ParseIntBounded(rt *RuntimeContext, name string, min, max int) int {
 	v := rt.Int(name)
@@ -87,13 +161,26 @@ func ParseIntBounded(rt *RuntimeContext, name string, min, max int) int {
 // working directory. It catches traversal, symlink escape, and control
 // characters by delegating to FileIO.ResolvePath. Works for both file and
 // directory paths.
+//
+// Deprecated: use ValidateSafePathTyped for typed error envelopes.
 func ValidateSafePath(fio fileio.FileIO, path string) error {
 	_, err := fio.ResolvePath(path)
 	return err
 }
 
+// ValidateSafePathTyped ensures path resolves within the current working directory.
+func ValidateSafePathTyped(fio fileio.FileIO, path string) error {
+	_, err := fio.ResolvePath(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return ValidationErrorf("%s", err).WithCause(err)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
 // RejectDangerousChars returns an error if value contains ASCII control
 // characters or dangerous Unicode code points.
+//
+// Deprecated: use RejectDangerousCharsTyped for typed error envelopes.
 func RejectDangerousChars(paramName, value string) error {
 	for _, r := range value {
 		if r < 0x20 && r != '\t' && r != '\n' {
@@ -108,3 +195,31 @@ func RejectDangerousChars(paramName, value string) error {
 	}
 	return nil
 }
+
+// RejectDangerousCharsTyped returns an error if value contains ASCII control
+// characters or dangerous Unicode code points.
+func RejectDangerousCharsTyped(paramName, value string) error {
+	for _, r := range value {
+		if r < 0x20 && r != '\t' && r != '\n' {
+			return ValidationErrorf("parameter %q contains control character U+%04X", paramName, r).
+				WithParam(paramName)
+		}
+		if r == 0x7F {
+			return ValidationErrorf("parameter %q contains DEL character", paramName).
+				WithParam(paramName)
+		}
+		if IsDangerousUnicode(r) {
+			return ValidationErrorf("parameter %q contains dangerous Unicode character U+%04X", paramName, r).
+				WithParam(paramName)
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func invalidParams(names []string, reason string) []errs.InvalidParam {
+	params := make([]errs.InvalidParam, len(names))
+	for i, name := range names {
+		params[i] = errs.InvalidParam{Name: name, Reason: reason}
+	}
+	return params
+}

shortcuts/common/validate_ids.go

@@ -11,10 +11,31 @@ import (
 
 // ValidateChatID checks if a chat ID has valid format (oc_ prefix).
 // Also extracts token from URL if provided.
+//
+// Deprecated: use ValidateChatIDTyped for typed error envelopes.
 func ValidateChatID(input string) (string, error) {
+	chatID, msg := normalizeChatID(input)
+	if msg != "" {
+		return "", output.ErrValidation("%s", msg)
+	}
+	return chatID, nil
+}
+
+// ValidateChatIDTyped checks if a chat ID has valid format (oc_ prefix).
+// Also extracts token from URL if provided. param names the flag being
+// validated (e.g. "--chat-ids") and is recorded on the typed error.
+func ValidateChatIDTyped(param, input string) (string, error) {
+	chatID, msg := normalizeChatID(input)
+	if msg != "" {
+		return "", ValidationErrorf("%s", msg).WithParam(param)
+	}
+	return chatID, nil
+}
+
+func normalizeChatID(input string) (string, string) {
 	input = strings.TrimSpace(input)
 	if input == "" {
-		return "", output.ErrValidation("chat ID cannot be empty")
+		return "", "chat ID cannot be empty"
 	}
 	// Extract from URL if present
 	if strings.Contains(input, "feishu.cn") || strings.Contains(input, "larksuite.com") {
@@ -28,19 +49,40 @@ func ValidateChatID(input string) (string, error) {
 		}
 	}
 	if !strings.HasPrefix(input, "oc_") {
-		return "", output.ErrValidation("invalid chat ID format, should start with 'oc_' (e.g., oc_abc123)")
+		return "", "invalid chat ID format, should start with 'oc_' (e.g., oc_abc123)"
 	}
-	return input, nil
+	return input, ""
 }
 
 // ValidateUserID checks if a user ID has valid format (ou_ prefix).
+//
+// Deprecated: use ValidateUserIDTyped for typed error envelopes.
 func ValidateUserID(input string) (string, error) {
+	userID, msg := normalizeUserID(input)
+	if msg != "" {
+		return "", output.ErrValidation("%s", msg)
+	}
+	return userID, nil
+}
+
+// ValidateUserIDTyped checks if a user ID has valid format (ou_ prefix).
+// param names the flag being validated (e.g. "--creator-ids") and is
+// recorded on the typed error.
+func ValidateUserIDTyped(param, input string) (string, error) {
+	userID, msg := normalizeUserID(input)
+	if msg != "" {
+		return "", ValidationErrorf("%s", msg).WithParam(param)
+	}
+	return userID, nil
+}
+
+func normalizeUserID(input string) (string, string) {
 	input = strings.TrimSpace(input)
 	if input == "" {
-		return "", output.ErrValidation("user ID cannot be empty")
+		return "", "user ID cannot be empty"
 	}
 	if !strings.HasPrefix(input, "ou_") {
-		return "", output.ErrValidation("invalid user ID format, should start with 'ou_' (e.g., ou_abc123)")
+		return "", "invalid user ID format, should start with 'ou_' (e.g., ou_abc123)"
 	}
-	return input, nil
+	return input, ""
 }

shortcuts/common/validate_test.go

@@ -4,10 +4,14 @@
 package common
 
 import (
+	"errors"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
 	"testing"
 
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/extension/fileio"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/vfs/localfileio"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 )
@@ -26,6 +30,24 @@ func newTestRuntime(flags map[string]string) *RuntimeContext {
 	return &RuntimeContext{Cmd: cmd}
 }
 
+func assertValidationParam(t *testing.T, err error, param string) *errs.ValidationError {
+	t.Helper()
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected validation error, got nil")
+	}
+	var validationErr *errs.ValidationError
+	if !errors.As(err, &validationErr) {
+		t.Fatalf("expected *errs.ValidationError, got %T: %v", err, err)
+	}
+	if validationErr.Subtype != errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument {
+		t.Fatalf("Subtype = %q, want %q", validationErr.Subtype, errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument)
+	}
+	if param != "" && validationErr.Param != param {
+		t.Fatalf("Param = %q, want %q", validationErr.Param, param)
+	}
+	return validationErr
+}
+
 func TestMutuallyExclusive(t *testing.T) {
 	tests := []struct {
 		name    string
@@ -69,6 +91,109 @@ func TestMutuallyExclusive(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestValidationErrorf_ReturnsTypedInvalidArgument(t *testing.T) {
+	err := ValidationErrorf("bad %s", "flag")
+	validationErr := assertValidationParam(t, err, "")
+	if validationErr.Message != "bad flag" {
+		t.Fatalf("Message = %q, want %q", validationErr.Message, "bad flag")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestTypedFlagGroupHelpers_ReturnValidationParams(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("mutually exclusive", func(t *testing.T) {
+		rt := newTestRuntime(map[string]string{"a": "x", "b": "y"})
+		validationErr := assertValidationParam(t, MutuallyExclusiveTyped(rt, "a", "b"), "")
+		if len(validationErr.Params) != 2 {
+			t.Fatalf("Params len = %d, want 2: %+v", len(validationErr.Params), validationErr.Params)
+		}
+		if validationErr.Params[0].Name != "--a" || validationErr.Params[1].Name != "--b" {
+			t.Fatalf("Params names = %+v, want --a/--b", validationErr.Params)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("at least one", func(t *testing.T) {
+		rt := newTestRuntime(map[string]string{"a": "", "b": ""})
+		validationErr := assertValidationParam(t, AtLeastOneTyped(rt, "a", "b"), "")
+		if len(validationErr.Params) != 2 {
+			t.Fatalf("Params len = %d, want 2: %+v", len(validationErr.Params), validationErr.Params)
+		}
+		if !strings.Contains(validationErr.Message, "--a or --b") {
+			t.Fatalf("Message = %q, want flag group", validationErr.Message)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("exactly one", func(t *testing.T) {
+		rt := newTestRuntime(map[string]string{"a": "x", "b": "y"})
+		validationErr := assertValidationParam(t, ExactlyOneTyped(rt, "a", "b"), "")
+		if len(validationErr.Params) != 2 {
+			t.Fatalf("Params len = %d, want 2: %+v", len(validationErr.Params), validationErr.Params)
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+func TestValidatePageSizeTyped_ReturnsTypedValidation(t *testing.T) {
+	rt := newTestRuntime(map[string]string{"page-size": "nope"})
+	_, err := ValidatePageSizeTyped(rt, "page-size", 10, 1, 20)
+	assertValidationParam(t, err, "--page-size")
+
+	rt = newTestRuntime(map[string]string{"page-size": "30"})
+	_, err = ValidatePageSizeTyped(rt, "page-size", 10, 1, 20)
+	assertValidationParam(t, err, "--page-size")
+}
+
+func TestValidateIDTyped_ReturnsTypedValidation(t *testing.T) {
+	chatID, err := ValidateChatIDTyped("--chat-ids", "https://example.feishu.cn/foo/oc_abc")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("ValidateChatIDTyped valid URL: %v", err)
+	}
+	if chatID != "oc_abc" {
+		t.Fatalf("chatID = %q, want oc_abc", chatID)
+	}
+	assertValidationParam(t, func() error {
+		_, err := ValidateChatIDTyped("--chat-ids", "bad")
+		return err
+	}(), "--chat-ids")
+	assertValidationParam(t, func() error {
+		_, err := ValidateUserIDTyped("--creator-ids", "bad")
+		return err
+	}(), "--creator-ids")
+}
+
+func TestRejectDangerousCharsTyped_ReturnsTypedValidation(t *testing.T) {
+	err := RejectDangerousCharsTyped("--query", "bad\x01")
+	validationErr := assertValidationParam(t, err, "--query")
+	if !strings.Contains(validationErr.Message, "control character") {
+		t.Fatalf("Message = %q, want control character", validationErr.Message)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestWrapInputStatErrorTyped_ReturnsTypedValidation(t *testing.T) {
+	cause := &fileio.PathValidationError{Err: errors.New("outside cwd")}
+	err := WrapInputStatErrorTyped(cause)
+	validationErr := assertValidationParam(t, err, "")
+	if !strings.Contains(validationErr.Message, "unsafe file path") {
+		t.Fatalf("Message = %q, want unsafe file path", validationErr.Message)
+	}
+	if !errors.Is(err, fileio.ErrPathValidation) {
+		t.Fatalf("expected errors.Is(fileio.ErrPathValidation) to match")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestWrapSaveErrorTyped_ClassifiesPathAndFileIO(t *testing.T) {
+	pathErr := &fileio.PathValidationError{Err: errors.New("outside cwd")}
+	assertValidationParam(t, WrapSaveErrorTyped(pathErr), "")
+
+	mkdirErr := &fileio.MkdirError{Err: errors.New("permission denied")}
+	err := WrapSaveErrorTyped(mkdirErr)
+	var internalErr *errs.InternalError
+	if !errors.As(err, &internalErr) {
+		t.Fatalf("expected *errs.InternalError, got %T: %v", err, err)
+	}
+	if internalErr.Subtype != errs.SubtypeFileIO {
+		t.Fatalf("Subtype = %q, want %q", internalErr.Subtype, errs.SubtypeFileIO)
+	}
+}
+
 func TestAtLeastOne(t *testing.T) {
 	tests := []struct {
 		name    string
@@ -246,3 +371,20 @@ func TestValidateSafePath_AllowsNonExistentPath(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("expected no error for non-existent path, got: %v", err)
 	}
 }
+
+// TestValidateSafePathTyped_ReturnsTypedValidation verifies that an escaping
+// path is rejected with a typed validation error and a safe path passes.
+func TestValidateSafePathTyped_ReturnsTypedValidation(t *testing.T) {
+	outside := t.TempDir()
+	workDir := t.TempDir()
+	chdirForTest(t, workDir)
+
+	if err := os.Symlink(outside, filepath.Join(workDir, "evil_out")); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Symlink: %v", err)
+	}
+	assertValidationParam(t, ValidateSafePathTyped(&localfileio.LocalFileIO{}, "evil_out"), "")
+
+	if err := ValidateSafePathTyped(&localfileio.LocalFileIO{}, "new_output_dir"); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("expected no error for safe path, got: %v", err)
+	}
+}

shortcuts/drive/drive_search.go

@@ -354,7 +354,7 @@ func parseDriveSearchPageSize(raw string) (int, error) {
 // server-side failure or empty result.
 func validateDriveSearchIDs(spec driveSearchSpec) error {
 	for _, id := range spec.CreatorIDs {
-		if _, err := common.ValidateUserID(id); err != nil {
+		if _, err := common.ValidateUserIDTyped("--creator-ids", id); err != nil {
 			return errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, "--creator-ids %q: %s", id, err).WithParam("--creator-ids")
 		}
 	}
@@ -362,7 +362,7 @@ func validateDriveSearchIDs(spec driveSearchSpec) error {
 		return errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, "--chat-ids: max %d values per request, got %d", driveSearchMaxChatIDs, n).WithParam("--chat-ids")
 	}
 	for _, id := range spec.ChatIDs {
-		if _, err := common.ValidateChatID(id); err != nil {
+		if _, err := common.ValidateChatIDTyped("--chat-ids", id); err != nil {
 			return errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, "--chat-ids %q: %s", id, err).WithParam("--chat-ids")
 		}
 	}
@@ -370,7 +370,7 @@ func validateDriveSearchIDs(spec driveSearchSpec) error {
 		return errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, "--sharer-ids: max %d values per request, got %d", driveSearchMaxSharerIDs, n).WithParam("--sharer-ids")
 	}
 	for _, id := range spec.SharerIDs {
-		if _, err := common.ValidateUserID(id); err != nil {
+		if _, err := common.ValidateUserIDTyped("--sharer-ids", id); err != nil {
 			return errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, "--sharer-ids %q: %s", id, err).WithParam("--sharer-ids")
 		}
 	}