chore(release): v1.0.39 (#1052)

Change-Id: I06bca4f3aedec1adee9ecd3d060c333cc6dd301e

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -2,6 +2,72 @@
 
 All notable changes to this project will be documented in this file.
 
+## [v1.0.39] - 2026-05-22
+
+### Features
+
+- **slides**: Add `+export` shortcut to export slides (#988)
+- **sidecar**: Support multi-client identity isolation in `server-demo` via per-client HMAC keys, preventing UAT cross-contamination when multiple CLI sandboxes share one sidecar (#934)
+- **im**: Support Markdown image rendering in post content (#893)
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+- **scope**: Add 22 new scope entries to scope priorities (#1050)
+
+### Documentation
+
+- **base**: Update location `full_address` guidance (#754)
+- **apps**: Refine `lark-apps` skill description and surface, document `index.html` / `--path` hard constraints (#1040)
+
+## [v1.0.38] - 2026-05-22
+
+### Features
+
+- **apps**: Gate the Miaoda apps domain off on the Lark brand — the `apps` shortcut subtree returns a structured brand-restriction error, `auth login --domain apps` is rejected, `--domain all` skips it, and `spark:*` scopes are no longer requested (#1025)
+
+## [v1.0.37] - 2026-05-21
+
+### Features
+
+- **apps**: Add miaoda apps domain with 6 shortcuts covering `+create` / `+update` / `+list` / `+access-scope-get` / `+access-scope-set` / `+html-publish` (#1002)
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+- **permission**: Surface auto-grant skipped/failed cases via stderr warnings and a `hint` field in the `permission_grant` JSON output (#1015)
+- **sheets**: Use `FileIO` for `+write-image` input so stdin / `-` works consistently (#996)
+
+## [v1.0.36] - 2026-05-21
+
+### Features
+
+- **drive/markdown**: Return real tenant URLs for `drive +upload` and `markdown +create` (#992)
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+- **auth**: Return validation error when `--scope` is empty in `auth check` (#999)
+
+### Documentation
+
+- **lark-drive**: Improve search evidence guidance (#864)
+
+## [v1.0.35] - 2026-05-20
+
+### Features
+
+- **markdown**: Support wiki node target in `+create` (#883)
+- **markdown**: Add `+diff` shortcut (#876)
+- **base**: Add form `+detail` / `+submit` shortcuts (#759)
+- **skills**: Add incremental skills sync (#965)
+- **doc**: Warn before overwrite when document contains whiteboard or file blocks (#825)
+
+### Documentation
+
+- **im**: Clarify media key formats for message media flags (#991)
+- **im**: Add media-preview reference (#990)
+- **drive**: Migrate `docs +search` to `drive +search` and fix `creator_ids` owner semantic (#951)
+- **drive**: Prefer local comments for drive reviews (#981)
+- **wiki**: Add wiki base fast path (#982)
+
 ## [v1.0.34] - 2026-05-19
 
 ### Features
@@ -774,6 +840,11 @@ Bundled AI agent skills for intelligent assistance:
 - Bilingual documentation (English & Chinese).
 - CI/CD pipelines: linting, testing, coverage reporting, and automated releases.
 
+[v1.0.39]: https://github.com/larksuite/cli/releases/tag/v1.0.39
+[v1.0.38]: https://github.com/larksuite/cli/releases/tag/v1.0.38
+[v1.0.37]: https://github.com/larksuite/cli/releases/tag/v1.0.37
+[v1.0.36]: https://github.com/larksuite/cli/releases/tag/v1.0.36
+[v1.0.35]: https://github.com/larksuite/cli/releases/tag/v1.0.35
 [v1.0.34]: https://github.com/larksuite/cli/releases/tag/v1.0.34
 [v1.0.33]: https://github.com/larksuite/cli/releases/tag/v1.0.33
 [v1.0.32]: https://github.com/larksuite/cli/releases/tag/v1.0.32

README.md

@@ -6,14 +6,14 @@
 
 [中文版](./README.zh.md) | [English](./README.md)
 
-The official [Lark/Feishu](https://www.larksuite.com/) CLI tool, maintained by the [larksuite](https://github.com/larksuite) team — built for humans and AI Agents. Covers core business domains including Messenger, Docs, Base, Sheets, Slides, Calendar, Mail, Tasks, Meetings, Markdown, and more, with 200+ commands and 24 AI Agent [Skills](./skills/).
+The official [Lark/Feishu](https://www.larksuite.com/) CLI tool, maintained by the [larksuite](https://github.com/larksuite) team — built for humans and AI Agents. Covers core business domains including Messenger, Docs, Base, Sheets, Slides, Calendar, Mail, Tasks, Meetings, Markdown, and more, with 200+ commands and 26 AI Agent [Skills](./skills/).
 
 [Install](#installation--quick-start) · [AI Agent Skills](#agent-skills) · [Auth](#authentication) · [Commands](#three-layer-command-system) · [Advanced](#advanced-usage) · [Security](#security--risk-warnings-read-before-use) · [Contributing](#contributing)
 
 ## Why lark-cli?
 
 - **Agent-Native Design** — 24 structured [Skills](./skills/) out of the box, compatible with popular AI tools — Agents can operate Lark with zero extra setup
-- **Wide Coverage** — 17 business domains, 200+ curated commands, 24 AI Agent [Skills](./skills/)
+- **Wide Coverage** — 18 business domains, 200+ curated commands, 26 AI Agent [Skills](./skills/)
 - **AI-Friendly & Optimized** — Every command is tested with real Agents, featuring concise parameters, smart defaults, and structured output to maximize Agent call success rates
 - **Open Source, Zero Barriers** — MIT license, ready to use, just `npm install`
 - **Up and Running in 3 Minutes** — One-click app creation, interactive login, from install to first API call in just 3 steps
@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@ The official [Lark/Feishu](https://www.larksuite.com/) CLI tool, maintained by t
 | ✍️ Approval   | Query approval tasks, approve/reject/transfer tasks, cancel and CC instances                                                      |
 | 🎯 OKR        | Query, create, update OKRs; manage objective & key results, alignments, indicators and progress.                                  |
 | 📋 Project    | Meegle — manage work items, schedules, and data via the standalone [meegle-cli](https://github.com/larksuite/meegle-cli) (install separately) |
+| 🔗 Apps       | Develop, deploy HTML, web pages and applications                                                                                  |
 
 ## Installation & Quick Start
 

README.zh.md

@@ -6,14 +6,14 @@
 
 [中文版](./README.zh.md) | [English](./README.md)
 
-飞书官方 CLI 工具，由 [larksuite](https://github.com/larksuite) 团队维护 — 让人类和 AI Agent 都能在终端中操作飞书。覆盖消息、文档、多维表格、电子表格、幻灯片、日历、邮箱、任务、会议、Markdown 等核心业务域，提供 200+ 命令及 24 个 AI Agent [Skills](./skills/)。
+飞书官方 CLI 工具，由 [larksuite](https://github.com/larksuite) 团队维护 — 让人类和 AI Agent 都能在终端中操作飞书。覆盖消息、文档、多维表格、电子表格、幻灯片、日历、邮箱、任务、会议、Markdown 等核心业务域，提供 200+ 命令及 26 个 AI Agent [Skills](./skills/)。
 
 [安装](#安装与快速开始) · [AI Agent Skills](#agent-skills) · [认证](#认证) · [命令](#三层命令调用) · [进阶用法](#进阶用法) · [安全](#安全与风险提示使用前必读) · [贡献](#贡献)
 
 ## 为什么选 lark-cli？
 
-- **为 Agent 原生设计** — 24 个 [Skills](./skills/) 开箱即用，适配主流 AI 工具，Agent 无需额外适配即可操作飞书
-- **覆盖面广** — 17 大业务域、200+ 精选命令、24 个 AI Agent [Skills](./skills/)
+- **为 Agent 原生设计** — 26 个 [Skills](./skills/) 开箱即用，适配主流 AI 工具，Agent 无需额外适配即可操作飞书
+- **覆盖面广** — 18 大业务域、200+ 精选命令、26 个 AI Agent [Skills](./skills/)
 - **AI 友好调优** — 每条命令经过 Agent 实测验证，提供更友好的参数、智能默认值和结构化输出，大幅提升 Agent 调用成功率
 - **开源零门槛** — MIT 协议，开箱即用，`npm install` 即可使用
 - **三分钟上手** — 一键创建应用、交互式登录授权，从安装到第一次 API 调用只需三步
@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@
 | ✍️ 审批     | 查询审批任务、同意/拒绝/转交审批任务、撤回与抄送审批实例              |
 | 🎯 OKR  | 查询、创建、更新 OKR，管理目标、关键结果、对齐、指标和进展记录        |
 | 📋 飞书项目 | 管理工作项、排期与数据 — 由独立的 [meegle-cli](https://github.com/larksuite/meegle-cli) 提供（需单独安装） |
+| 🔗 应用     | 开发、部署 HTML、Web 页面和应用                                                                                                          |
 
 ## 安装与快速开始
 

cmd/auth/check.go

@@ -47,8 +47,7 @@ func authCheckRun(opts *CheckOptions) error {
 
 	required := strings.Fields(opts.Scope)
 	if len(required) == 0 {
-		output.PrintJson(f.IOStreams.Out, map[string]interface{}{"ok": true, "granted": []string{}, "missing": []string{}})
-		return nil
+		return output.ErrValidation("--scope cannot be empty")
 	}
 
 	config, err := f.Config()

cmd/auth/login.go

@@ -68,7 +68,13 @@ run --device-code in a later step after the user confirms authorization.`,
 
 	cmd.Flags().StringVar(&opts.Scope, "scope", "", "scopes to request (space- or comma-separated). Combines additively with --domain/--recommend")
 	cmd.Flags().BoolVar(&opts.Recommend, "recommend", false, "request only recommended (auto-approve) scopes")
-	available := sortedKnownDomains()
+	var helpBrand core.LarkBrand
+	if f != nil && f.Config != nil {
+		if cfg, err := f.Config(); err == nil && cfg != nil {
+			helpBrand = cfg.Brand
+		}
+	}
+	available := sortedKnownDomains(helpBrand)
 	cmd.Flags().StringSliceVar(&opts.Domains, "domain", nil,
 		fmt.Sprintf("domain (repeatable or comma-separated, e.g. --domain calendar,task)\navailable: %s, all", strings.Join(available, ", ")))
 	cmd.Flags().StringSliceVar(&opts.Exclude, "exclude", nil,
@@ -139,14 +145,14 @@ func authLoginRun(opts *LoginOptions) error {
 	// Expand --domain all to all available domains (from_meta projects + shortcut services)
 	for _, d := range selectedDomains {
 		if strings.EqualFold(d, "all") {
-			selectedDomains = sortedKnownDomains()
+			selectedDomains = sortedKnownDomains(config.Brand)
 			break
 		}
 	}
 
 	// Validate domain names and suggest corrections for unknown ones
 	if len(selectedDomains) > 0 {
-		knownDomains := allKnownDomains()
+		knownDomains := allKnownDomains(config.Brand)
 		for _, d := range selectedDomains {
 			if !knownDomains[d] {
 				if suggestion := suggestDomain(d, knownDomains); suggestion != "" {
@@ -170,7 +176,7 @@ func authLoginRun(opts *LoginOptions) error {
 
 	if !hasAnyOption {
 		if !opts.JSON && f.IOStreams.IsTerminal {
-			result, err := runInteractiveLogin(f.IOStreams, lang, msg)
+			result, err := runInteractiveLogin(f.IOStreams, lang, msg, config.Brand)
 			if err != nil {
 				return err
 			}
@@ -208,10 +214,10 @@ func authLoginRun(opts *LoginOptions) error {
 	if len(selectedDomains) > 0 || opts.Recommend {
 		var candidateScopes []string
 		if len(selectedDomains) > 0 {
-			candidateScopes = collectScopesForDomains(selectedDomains, "user")
+			candidateScopes = collectScopesForDomains(selectedDomains, "user", config.Brand)
 		} else {
 			// --recommend without --domain: all domains
-			candidateScopes = collectScopesForDomains(sortedKnownDomains(), "user")
+			candidateScopes = collectScopesForDomains(sortedKnownDomains(config.Brand), "user", config.Brand)
 		}
 
 		// Filter to auto-approve scopes if --recommend or interactive "common"
@@ -490,7 +496,7 @@ func findProfileByName(multi *core.MultiAppConfig, profileName string) *core.App
 // shortcut scopes for the given domain names.
 // Domains with auth_domain children are automatically expanded to include
 // their children's scopes.
-func collectScopesForDomains(domains []string, identity string) []string {
+func collectScopesForDomains(domains []string, identity string, brand core.LarkBrand) []string {
 	scopeSet := make(map[string]bool)
 
 	// 1. API scopes from from_meta projects
@@ -509,6 +515,9 @@ func collectScopesForDomains(domains []string, identity string) []string {
 
 	// 3. Shortcut scopes matching by Service (only include shortcuts supporting the identity)
 	for _, sc := range shortcuts.AllShortcuts() {
+		if !shortcuts.IsShortcutServiceAvailable(sc.Service, brand) {
+			continue
+		}
 		if domainSet[sc.Service] && shortcutSupportsIdentity(sc, identity) {
 			for _, s := range sc.DeclaredScopesForIdentity(identity) {
 				scopeSet[s] = true
@@ -528,7 +537,7 @@ func collectScopesForDomains(domains []string, identity string) []string {
 // allKnownDomains returns all valid auth domain names (from_meta projects +
 // shortcut services), excluding domains that have auth_domain set (they are
 // folded into their parent domain).
-func allKnownDomains() map[string]bool {
+func allKnownDomains(brand core.LarkBrand) map[string]bool {
 	domains := make(map[string]bool)
 	for _, p := range registry.ListFromMetaProjects() {
 		if !registry.HasAuthDomain(p) {
@@ -536,6 +545,9 @@ func allKnownDomains() map[string]bool {
 		}
 	}
 	for _, sc := range shortcuts.AllShortcuts() {
+		if !shortcuts.IsShortcutServiceAvailable(sc.Service, brand) {
+			continue
+		}
 		if !registry.HasAuthDomain(sc.Service) {
 			domains[sc.Service] = true
 		}
@@ -544,8 +556,8 @@ func allKnownDomains() map[string]bool {
 }
 
 // sortedKnownDomains returns all valid domain names sorted alphabetically.
-func sortedKnownDomains() []string {
-	m := allKnownDomains()
+func sortedKnownDomains(brand core.LarkBrand) []string {
+	m := allKnownDomains(brand)
 	domains := make([]string, 0, len(m))
 	for d := range m {
 		domains = append(domains, d)

cmd/auth/login_brand_filter_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package auth
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
+)
+
+func TestBrandFilter_AppsExcludedOnLark(t *testing.T) {
+	feishuDomains := allKnownDomains(core.BrandFeishu)
+	if !feishuDomains["apps"] {
+		t.Errorf("expected apps domain to be known on Feishu brand")
+	}
+
+	larkDomains := allKnownDomains(core.BrandLark)
+	if larkDomains["apps"] {
+		t.Errorf("expected apps domain to be EXCLUDED on Lark brand")
+	}
+
+	feishuScopes := collectScopesForDomains([]string{"apps"}, "user", core.BrandFeishu)
+	if len(feishuScopes) == 0 {
+		t.Errorf("expected non-empty scopes for apps on Feishu brand, got %d", len(feishuScopes))
+	}
+
+	larkScopes := collectScopesForDomains([]string{"apps"}, "user", core.BrandLark)
+	if len(larkScopes) != 0 {
+		t.Errorf("expected empty scopes for apps on Lark brand, got %d: %v", len(larkScopes), larkScopes)
+	}
+}

cmd/auth/login_interactive.go

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/charmbracelet/huh"
 
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/output"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/registry"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/shortcuts"
@@ -105,7 +106,7 @@ func buildDomainMeta(name, lang string) domainMeta {
 }
 
 // runInteractiveLogin shows an interactive TUI form for domain and permission selection.
-func runInteractiveLogin(ios *cmdutil.IOStreams, lang string, msg *loginMsg) (*interactiveResult, error) {
+func runInteractiveLogin(ios *cmdutil.IOStreams, lang string, msg *loginMsg, brand core.LarkBrand) (*interactiveResult, error) {
 	allDomains := getDomainMetadata(lang)
 
 	// Build multi-select options
@@ -165,7 +166,7 @@ func runInteractiveLogin(ios *cmdutil.IOStreams, lang string, msg *loginMsg) (*i
 	}
 
 	// Compute scope summary
-	scopes := collectScopesForDomains(selectedDomains, "user")
+	scopes := collectScopesForDomains(selectedDomains, "user", brand)
 	if permLevel == "common" {
 		scopes = registry.FilterAutoApproveScopes(scopes)
 	}

cmd/auth/login_messages.go

@@ -125,5 +125,5 @@ func getLoginMsg(lang string) *loginMsg {
 // (not backed by from_meta service specs). Descriptions are now centralized in
 // service_descriptions.json.
 func getShortcutOnlyDomainNames() []string {
-	return []string{"base", "contact", "docs", "markdown"}
+	return []string{"base", "contact", "docs", "markdown", "apps"}
 }

cmd/auth/login_test.go

@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ func TestCompleteDomain_CommaSeparated(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestAllKnownDomains(t *testing.T) {
-	domains := allKnownDomains()
+	domains := allKnownDomains("")
 	if len(domains) == 0 {
 		t.Fatal("expected non-empty known domains")
 	}
@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ func TestAllKnownDomains(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestSortedKnownDomains(t *testing.T) {
-	sorted := sortedKnownDomains()
+	sorted := sortedKnownDomains("")
 	if len(sorted) == 0 {
 		t.Fatal("expected non-empty sorted domains")
 	}
@@ -195,7 +195,7 @@ func TestSortedKnownDomains(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	// Should match allKnownDomains
-	known := allKnownDomains()
+	known := allKnownDomains("")
 	if len(sorted) != len(known) {
 		t.Errorf("sorted (%d) and known (%d) length mismatch", len(sorted), len(known))
 	}
@@ -220,7 +220,7 @@ func TestCollectScopesForDomains(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Skip("no from_meta data available")
 	}
 
-	scopes := collectScopesForDomains([]string{"calendar"}, "user")
+	scopes := collectScopesForDomains([]string{"calendar"}, "user", "")
 	if len(scopes) == 0 {
 		t.Fatal("expected non-empty scopes for calendar domain")
 	}
@@ -247,7 +247,7 @@ func TestCollectScopesForDomains(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestCollectScopesForDomains_NonexistentDomain(t *testing.T) {
-	scopes := collectScopesForDomains([]string{"nonexistent_domain_xyz"}, "user")
+	scopes := collectScopesForDomains([]string{"nonexistent_domain_xyz"}, "user", "")
 	if len(scopes) != 0 {
 		t.Errorf("expected empty scopes for nonexistent domain, got %d", len(scopes))
 	}
@@ -1077,7 +1077,7 @@ func TestGetDomainMetadata_ExcludesEvent(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestAllKnownDomains_ExcludesAuthDomainChildren(t *testing.T) {
-	domains := allKnownDomains()
+	domains := allKnownDomains("")
 	if domains["whiteboard"] {
 		t.Error("whiteboard should not appear in known auth domains (it has auth_domain=docs)")
 	}
@@ -1087,7 +1087,7 @@ func TestAllKnownDomains_ExcludesAuthDomainChildren(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestCollectScopesForDomains_ExpandsAuthDomainChildren(t *testing.T) {
-	scopes := collectScopesForDomains([]string{"docs"}, "user")
+	scopes := collectScopesForDomains([]string{"docs"}, "user", "")
 	// docs domain should include whiteboard shortcut scopes (board:whiteboard:*)
 	found := false
 	for _, s := range scopes {

cmd/root_integration_test.go

@@ -536,8 +536,11 @@ func TestIntegration_Shortcut_BusinessError_OutputsEnvelope(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 }
 
-// TestSetupNotices_ColdStart_NoNotice verifies that missing state
-// produces no skills key in the composed notice.
+// TestSetupNotices_ColdStart_NoNotice verifies that a missing stamp
+// produces no skills key in the composed notice. Users who installed
+// skills via `npx skills add` (no stamp) must not see the misleading
+// "not installed" notice — only `lark-cli update` users opt into the
+// drift tracker.
 func TestSetupNotices_ColdStart_NoNotice(t *testing.T) {
 	clearNoticeEnv(t)
 	dir := t.TempDir()
@@ -568,13 +571,13 @@ func TestSetupNotices_ColdStart_NoNotice(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-// TestSetupNotices_InSync verifies that matching state produces no
+// TestSetupNotices_InSync verifies that a matching stamp produces no
 // skills key in the composed notice.
 func TestSetupNotices_InSync(t *testing.T) {
 	clearNoticeEnv(t)
 	dir := t.TempDir()
 	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", dir)
-	if err := skillscheck.WriteState(skillscheck.SkillsState{Version: "1.0.21"}); err != nil {
+	if err := skillscheck.WriteStamp("1.0.21"); err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
 
@@ -601,13 +604,13 @@ func TestSetupNotices_InSync(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-// TestSetupNotices_Drift verifies mismatching state produces the
+// TestSetupNotices_Drift verifies a mismatching stamp produces the
 // drift message with both current and target populated.
 func TestSetupNotices_Drift(t *testing.T) {
 	clearNoticeEnv(t)
 	dir := t.TempDir()
 	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", dir)
-	if err := skillscheck.WriteState(skillscheck.SkillsState{Version: "1.0.20"}); err != nil {
+	if err := skillscheck.WriteStamp("1.0.20"); err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
 
@@ -656,7 +659,7 @@ func TestSetupNotices_BothUpdateAndSkills(t *testing.T) {
 	clearNoticeEnv(t)
 	dir := t.TempDir()
 	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", dir)
-	if err := skillscheck.WriteState(skillscheck.SkillsState{Version: "1.0.20"}); err != nil {
+	if err := skillscheck.WriteStamp("1.0.20"); err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
 

cmd/update/update.go

@@ -31,12 +31,11 @@ var (
 	currentVersion = func() string { return build.Version }
 	currentOS      = runtime.GOOS
 	newUpdater     = func() *selfupdate.Updater { return selfupdate.New() }
-	syncSkills     = func(opts skillscheck.SyncOptions) *skillscheck.SyncResult { return skillscheck.SyncSkills(opts) }
 )
 
 func isWindows() bool { return currentOS == osWindows }
 
-// normalizeVersion canonicalizes a version string for state comparison.
+// normalizeVersion canonicalizes a version string for stamp comparison.
 // Strips a leading "v" so versions written from Makefile (git describe →
 // "v1.0.0") and npm (no prefix → "1.0.0") compare equal.
 func normalizeVersion(s string) string {
@@ -122,9 +121,7 @@ func updateRun(opts *UpdateOptions) error {
 	cur := currentVersion()
 	updater := newUpdater()
 
-	if !opts.Check {
-		updater.CleanupStaleFiles()
-	}
+	updater.CleanupStaleFiles()
 	output.PendingNotice = nil
 
 	// 1. Fetch latest version
@@ -140,9 +137,13 @@ func updateRun(opts *UpdateOptions) error {
 
 	// 3. Compare versions
 	if !opts.Force && !update.IsNewer(latest, cur) {
-		var skillsResult *skillscheck.SyncResult
+		// Run skills sync before returning — covers the case where the
+		// binary is already current but skills were never synced.
+		// Stamp dedup makes this a no-op if skills are already in sync.
+		// Skip side-effects under --check (pure report path per spec §3.6).
+		var skillsResult *selfupdate.NpmResult
 		if !opts.Check {
-			skillsResult = runSkillsAndState(updater, io, cur, opts.Force)
+			skillsResult = runSkillsAndStamp(updater, io, cur, opts.Force)
 		}
 		return reportAlreadyUpToDate(opts, io, cur, latest, skillsResult, opts.Check)
 	}
@@ -184,7 +185,16 @@ func reportCheckResult(opts *UpdateOptions, io *cmdutil.IOStreams, cur, latest s
 			"message":     fmt.Sprintf("lark-cli %s %s %s available", cur, symArrow(), latest),
 			"url":         releaseURL(latest), "changelog": changelogURL(),
 		}
-		applySkillsStatus(out, cur)
+		// skills_status: pure report, no side effect, no stamp write.
+		// ReadStamp errors are silently swallowed — if we can't read the
+		// stamp we just omit the block rather than fail the --check.
+		if stamp, err := skillscheck.ReadStamp(); err == nil {
+			out["skills_status"] = map[string]interface{}{
+				"current": stamp,
+				"target":  cur,
+				"in_sync": stamp == cur,
+			}
+		}
 		output.PrintJson(io.Out, out)
 		return nil
 	}
@@ -200,7 +210,7 @@ func reportCheckResult(opts *UpdateOptions, io *cmdutil.IOStreams, cur, latest s
 }
 
 func doManualUpdate(opts *UpdateOptions, io *cmdutil.IOStreams, cur, latest string, detect selfupdate.DetectResult, updater *selfupdate.Updater) error {
-	skillsResult := runSkillsAndState(updater, io, cur, opts.Force)
+	skillsResult := runSkillsAndStamp(updater, io, cur, opts.Force)
 
 	reason := detect.ManualReason()
 	if opts.JSON {
@@ -278,7 +288,10 @@ func doNpmUpdate(opts *UpdateOptions, io *cmdutil.IOStreams, cur, latest string,
 		return output.ErrBare(output.ExitAPI)
 	}
 
-	skillsResult := runSkillsAndState(updater, io, latest, opts.Force)
+	// Skills update (best-effort) — uses runSkillsAndStamp so the
+	// stamp gets persisted on success and dedup applies if a previous
+	// run already stamped this version.
+	skillsResult := runSkillsAndStamp(updater, io, latest, opts.Force)
 
 	if opts.JSON {
 		result := map[string]interface{}{
@@ -315,21 +328,27 @@ func verificationFailureHint(updater *selfupdate.Updater, latest string) string
 	return fmt.Sprintf("automatic rollback is unavailable on this platform; reinstall manually (skills will not be synced): npm install -g %s@%s && npx skills add larksuite/cli -y -g, or download %s", selfupdate.NpmPackage, latest, releaseURL(latest))
 }
 
-func runSkillsAndState(updater *selfupdate.Updater, io *cmdutil.IOStreams, stateVersion string, force bool) *skillscheck.SyncResult {
+// runSkillsAndStamp triggers updater.RunSkillsUpdate and persists the
+// stamp on success. Skips the npx invocation when the stamp already
+// matches stampVersion (unless force is true). The stamp write failure
+// emits a warning to io.ErrOut but does NOT fail the update command —
+// best-effort. ReadStamp errors are swallowed (fail-closed: treated as
+// out-of-sync, so npx re-runs). Returns nil iff skipped due to stamp
+// dedup; otherwise returns the underlying *NpmResult with Err semantics
+// from RunSkillsUpdate.
+func runSkillsAndStamp(updater *selfupdate.Updater, io *cmdutil.IOStreams, stampVersion string, force bool) *selfupdate.NpmResult {
 	if !force {
-		if existing, ok := skillscheck.ReadSyncedVersion(); ok && normalizeVersion(existing) == normalizeVersion(stateVersion) {
+		if existing, _ := skillscheck.ReadStamp(); normalizeVersion(existing) == normalizeVersion(stampVersion) {
 			return nil
 		}
 	}
-	result := syncSkills(skillscheck.SyncOptions{
-		Version: stateVersion,
-		Force:   force,
-		Runner:  updater,
-	})
-	if result.Err != nil && strings.Contains(result.Err.Error(), "state not written") {
-		fmt.Fprintf(io.ErrOut, "warning: %v\n", result.Err)
+	r := updater.RunSkillsUpdate()
+	if r.Err == nil {
+		if err := skillscheck.WriteStamp(stampVersion); err != nil {
+			fmt.Fprintf(io.ErrOut, "warning: skills synced but stamp not written: %v\n", err)
+		}
 	}
-	return result
+	return r
 }
 
 // reportAlreadyUpToDate emits the JSON / pretty output for the
@@ -337,7 +356,7 @@ func runSkillsAndState(updater *selfupdate.Updater, io *cmdutil.IOStreams, state
 // fields derived from skillsResult. When check is true, this is the pure
 // report path (spec §3.6): no side-effects, JSON envelope uses
 // skills_status (spec §4.2) instead of skills_action.
-func reportAlreadyUpToDate(opts *UpdateOptions, io *cmdutil.IOStreams, cur, latest string, skillsResult *skillscheck.SyncResult, check bool) error {
+func reportAlreadyUpToDate(opts *UpdateOptions, io *cmdutil.IOStreams, cur, latest string, skillsResult *selfupdate.NpmResult, check bool) error {
 	if opts.JSON {
 		out := map[string]interface{}{
 			"ok": true, "previous_version": cur, "current_version": cur,
@@ -345,7 +364,16 @@ func reportAlreadyUpToDate(opts *UpdateOptions, io *cmdutil.IOStreams, cur, late
 			"message": fmt.Sprintf("lark-cli %s is already up to date", cur),
 		}
 		if check {
-			applySkillsStatus(out, cur)
+			// Pure report — read stamp directly, emit skills_status block.
+			// ReadStamp errors are silently swallowed — if we can't read
+			// the stamp we just omit the block rather than fail the --check.
+			if stamp, err := skillscheck.ReadStamp(); err == nil {
+				out["skills_status"] = map[string]interface{}{
+					"current": stamp,
+					"target":  cur,
+					"in_sync": stamp == cur,
+				}
+			}
 		} else {
 			applySkillsResult(out, skillsResult)
 		}
@@ -359,70 +387,36 @@ func reportAlreadyUpToDate(opts *UpdateOptions, io *cmdutil.IOStreams, cur, late
 	return nil
 }
 
-func applySkillsStatus(env map[string]interface{}, target string) {
-	state, readable, err := skillscheck.ReadState()
-	if err != nil || !readable || state.Version == "" {
-		return
-	}
-	status := map[string]interface{}{
-		"current": state.Version,
-		"target":  target,
-		"in_sync": normalizeVersion(state.Version) == normalizeVersion(target),
-	}
-	if len(state.OfficialSkills) > 0 {
-		status["official"] = len(state.OfficialSkills)
-	}
-	if len(state.UpdatedSkills) > 0 {
-		status["updated"] = len(state.UpdatedSkills)
-	}
-	if len(state.SkippedDeletedSkills) > 0 {
-		status["skipped_deleted"] = state.SkippedDeletedSkills
-	}
-	env["skills_status"] = status
-}
-
-func applySkillsResult(env map[string]interface{}, r *skillscheck.SyncResult) {
+// applySkillsResult mutates the JSON envelope to include skills_action
+// (and skills_warning when failed). nil result = "in_sync" (dedup hit).
+func applySkillsResult(env map[string]interface{}, r *selfupdate.NpmResult) {
 	switch {
 	case r == nil:
 		env["skills_action"] = "in_sync"
 	case r.Err != nil:
 		env["skills_action"] = "failed"
 		env["skills_warning"] = fmt.Sprintf("skills update failed: %s", r.Err)
-		env["skills_summary"] = skillsSummary(r)
+		if detail := strings.TrimSpace(r.Stderr.String()); detail != "" {
+			env["skills_detail"] = selfupdate.Truncate(detail, maxNpmOutput)
+		}
 	default:
 		env["skills_action"] = "synced"
-		env["skills_summary"] = skillsSummary(r)
 	}
 }
 
-func skillsSummary(r *skillscheck.SyncResult) map[string]interface{} {
-	summary := map[string]interface{}{
-		"official":        len(r.Official),
-		"updated":         len(r.Updated),
-		"added":           len(r.Added),
-		"skipped_deleted": len(r.SkippedDeleted),
-	}
-	if len(r.Failed) > 0 {
-		summary["failed"] = r.Failed
-	}
-	return summary
-}
-
-func emitSkillsTextHints(io *cmdutil.IOStreams, r *skillscheck.SyncResult) {
+// emitSkillsTextHints prints human-readable feedback about the skills
+// sync result for non-JSON output.
+func emitSkillsTextHints(io *cmdutil.IOStreams, r *selfupdate.NpmResult) {
 	switch {
 	case r == nil:
+		// dedup hit — silent (already up to date)
 	case r.Err != nil:
 		fmt.Fprintf(io.ErrOut, "%s Skills update failed: %v\n", symWarn(), r.Err)
-		if len(r.Failed) > 0 {
-			fmt.Fprintf(io.ErrOut, "  Failed skills: %s\n", strings.Join(r.Failed, ", "))
+		if detail := strings.TrimSpace(r.Stderr.String()); detail != "" {
+			fmt.Fprintf(io.ErrOut, "  %s\n", selfupdate.Truncate(detail, maxStderrDetail))
 		}
-		fmt.Fprintf(io.ErrOut, "  To retry all official skills: lark-cli update --force\n")
-	case r.Force:
-		fmt.Fprintf(io.ErrOut, "%s Skills updated: restored all %d official skills\n", symOK(), len(r.Official))
+		fmt.Fprintf(io.ErrOut, "  Run manually: npx -y skills add larksuite/cli -g -y\n")
 	default:
-		fmt.Fprintf(io.ErrOut, "%s Skills updated: %d official, %d updated, %d added, %d skipped because deleted locally\n", symOK(), len(r.Official), len(r.Updated), len(r.Added), len(r.SkippedDeleted))
-		if len(r.SkippedDeleted) > 0 {
-			fmt.Fprintf(io.ErrOut, "  To restore all official skills: lark-cli update --force\n")
-		}
+		fmt.Fprintf(io.ErrOut, "%s Skills updated\n", symOK())
 	}
 }

cmd/update/update_test.go

@@ -8,6 +8,8 @@ import (
 	"encoding/json"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
 
@@ -26,6 +28,7 @@ func newTestFactory(t *testing.T) (*cmdutil.Factory, *bytes.Buffer, *bytes.Buffe
 }
 
 // mockDetect sets up newUpdater to return an Updater with the given DetectResult.
+// It preserves any existing NpmInstallOverride/SkillsUpdateOverride that may be set later.
 func mockDetect(t *testing.T, result selfupdate.DetectResult) {
 	t.Helper()
 	origNew := newUpdater
@@ -38,34 +41,22 @@ func mockDetect(t *testing.T, result selfupdate.DetectResult) {
 }
 
 // mockDetectAndNpm sets up newUpdater with detect, npm install, and skills overrides all at once.
-func mockDetectAndNpm(t *testing.T, result selfupdate.DetectResult, npmFn func(string) *selfupdate.NpmResult) {
+func mockDetectAndNpm(t *testing.T, result selfupdate.DetectResult,
+	npmFn func(string) *selfupdate.NpmResult,
+	skillsFn func() *selfupdate.NpmResult) {
 	t.Helper()
 	origNew := newUpdater
 	newUpdater = func() *selfupdate.Updater {
 		u := selfupdate.New()
 		u.DetectOverride = func() selfupdate.DetectResult { return result }
 		u.NpmInstallOverride = npmFn
+		u.SkillsUpdateOverride = skillsFn
 		u.VerifyOverride = func(string) error { return nil }
-		u.SkillsCommandOverride = successfulSkillsCommand()
 		return u
 	}
 	t.Cleanup(func() { newUpdater = origNew })
 }
 
-func successfulSkillsCommand() func(args ...string) *selfupdate.NpmResult {
-	return func(args ...string) *selfupdate.NpmResult {
-		r := &selfupdate.NpmResult{}
-		switch strings.Join(args, " ") {
-		case "-y skills add https://open.feishu.cn --list":
-			r.Stdout.WriteString("lark-calendar\nlark-mail\n")
-		case "-y skills ls -g":
-			r.Stdout.WriteString("lark-calendar\ncustom-skill\n")
-		default:
-		}
-		return r
-	}
-}
-
 func TestUpdateAlreadyUpToDate_JSON(t *testing.T) {
 	f, stdout, _ := newTestFactory(t)
 
@@ -177,7 +168,9 @@ func TestUpdateManual_Human(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestUpdateNpm_JSON(t *testing.T) {
-	// Isolate config dir because skills sync writes skills-state.json.
+	// Isolate config dir: this test mocks fetchLatest="2.0.0" and lets
+	// runSkillsAndStamp → WriteStamp succeed, which without isolation would
+	// clobber the real ~/.lark-cli/skills.stamp with "2.0.0".
 	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", t.TempDir())
 
 	f, stdout, _ := newTestFactory(t)
@@ -193,6 +186,7 @@ func TestUpdateNpm_JSON(t *testing.T) {
 	mockDetectAndNpm(t,
 		selfupdate.DetectResult{Method: selfupdate.InstallNpm, ResolvedPath: "/node_modules/@larksuite/cli/bin/lark-cli", NpmAvailable: true},
 		func(version string) *selfupdate.NpmResult { return &selfupdate.NpmResult{} },
+		func() *selfupdate.NpmResult { return &selfupdate.NpmResult{} },
 	)
 
 	err := cmd.Execute()
@@ -222,6 +216,7 @@ func TestUpdateNpm_Human(t *testing.T) {
 	mockDetectAndNpm(t,
 		selfupdate.DetectResult{Method: selfupdate.InstallNpm, ResolvedPath: "/node_modules/@larksuite/cli/bin/lark-cli", NpmAvailable: true},
 		func(version string) *selfupdate.NpmResult { return &selfupdate.NpmResult{} },
+		func() *selfupdate.NpmResult { return &selfupdate.NpmResult{} },
 	)
 
 	err := cmd.Execute()
@@ -235,7 +230,7 @@ func TestUpdateNpm_Human(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestUpdateForce_JSON(t *testing.T) {
-	// Same state-isolation rationale as TestUpdateNpm_JSON.
+	// Same stamp-isolation rationale as TestUpdateNpm_JSON.
 	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", t.TempDir())
 
 	f, stdout, _ := newTestFactory(t)
@@ -251,6 +246,7 @@ func TestUpdateForce_JSON(t *testing.T) {
 	mockDetectAndNpm(t,
 		selfupdate.DetectResult{Method: selfupdate.InstallNpm, ResolvedPath: "/node_modules/@larksuite/cli/bin/lark-cli", NpmAvailable: true},
 		func(version string) *selfupdate.NpmResult { return &selfupdate.NpmResult{} },
+		func() *selfupdate.NpmResult { return &selfupdate.NpmResult{} },
 	)
 
 	err := cmd.Execute()
@@ -327,7 +323,7 @@ func TestUpdateInvalidVersion_JSON(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestUpdateDevVersion_JSON(t *testing.T) {
-	// Same state-isolation rationale as TestUpdateNpm_JSON.
+	// Same stamp-isolation rationale as TestUpdateNpm_JSON.
 	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", t.TempDir())
 
 	f, stdout, _ := newTestFactory(t)
@@ -343,6 +339,7 @@ func TestUpdateDevVersion_JSON(t *testing.T) {
 	mockDetectAndNpm(t,
 		selfupdate.DetectResult{Method: selfupdate.InstallNpm, ResolvedPath: "/node_modules/@larksuite/cli/bin/lark-cli", NpmAvailable: true},
 		func(version string) *selfupdate.NpmResult { return &selfupdate.NpmResult{} },
+		func() *selfupdate.NpmResult { return &selfupdate.NpmResult{} },
 	)
 
 	err := cmd.Execute()
@@ -454,8 +451,8 @@ func TestUpdateNpmVerifyFail_JSON_NoRestoreHintWhenBackupUnavailable(t *testing.
 		u.NpmInstallOverride = func(version string) *selfupdate.NpmResult { return &selfupdate.NpmResult{} }
 		u.VerifyOverride = func(string) error { return errors.New("bad binary") }
 		u.RestoreAvailableOverride = func() bool { return false }
-		u.SkillsCommandOverride = func(args ...string) *selfupdate.NpmResult {
-			t.Fatal("skills sync should not run when binary verification fails")
+		u.SkillsUpdateOverride = func() *selfupdate.NpmResult {
+			t.Fatal("skills update should not run when binary verification fails")
 			return nil
 		}
 		return u
@@ -652,7 +649,7 @@ func TestPermissionHint(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestUpdateWindows_NpmSuccess_JSON(t *testing.T) {
 	// With the rename trick, Windows npm installs can now auto-update.
-	// Same state-isolation rationale as TestUpdateNpm_JSON.
+	// Same stamp-isolation rationale as TestUpdateNpm_JSON.
 	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", t.TempDir())
 
 	f, stdout, _ := newTestFactory(t)
@@ -671,6 +668,7 @@ func TestUpdateWindows_NpmSuccess_JSON(t *testing.T) {
 	mockDetectAndNpm(t,
 		selfupdate.DetectResult{Method: selfupdate.InstallNpm, ResolvedPath: `C:\npm\node_modules\@larksuite\cli\bin\lark-cli.exe`, NpmAvailable: true},
 		func(version string) *selfupdate.NpmResult { return &selfupdate.NpmResult{} },
+		func() *selfupdate.NpmResult { return &selfupdate.NpmResult{} },
 	)
 
 	err := cmd.Execute()
@@ -752,6 +750,7 @@ func TestUpdateNpm_SkillsSuccess_JSON(t *testing.T) {
 	mockDetectAndNpm(t,
 		selfupdate.DetectResult{Method: selfupdate.InstallNpm, ResolvedPath: "/node_modules/@larksuite/cli/bin/lark-cli", NpmAvailable: true},
 		func(version string) *selfupdate.NpmResult { return &selfupdate.NpmResult{} },
+		func() *selfupdate.NpmResult { return &selfupdate.NpmResult{} },
 	)
 
 	err := cmd.Execute()
@@ -786,7 +785,8 @@ func TestUpdateNpm_SkillsFail_JSON(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 		u.NpmInstallOverride = func(version string) *selfupdate.NpmResult { return &selfupdate.NpmResult{} }
 		u.VerifyOverride = func(string) error { return nil }
-		u.SkillsCommandOverride = func(args ...string) *selfupdate.NpmResult {
+		// Skills update fails
+		u.SkillsUpdateOverride = func() *selfupdate.NpmResult {
 			r := &selfupdate.NpmResult{}
 			r.Stderr.WriteString("npx: command not found")
 			r.Err = fmt.Errorf("exit status 127")
@@ -812,8 +812,8 @@ func TestUpdateNpm_SkillsFail_JSON(t *testing.T) {
 	if !strings.Contains(out, "skills_warning") {
 		t.Errorf("expected skills_warning in output, got: %s", out)
 	}
-	if !strings.Contains(out, "skills_summary") {
-		t.Errorf("expected skills_summary in output, got: %s", out)
+	if !strings.Contains(out, "skills_detail") {
+		t.Errorf("expected skills_detail in output, got: %s", out)
 	}
 }
 
@@ -838,7 +838,7 @@ func TestUpdateNpm_SkillsFail_Human(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 		u.NpmInstallOverride = func(version string) *selfupdate.NpmResult { return &selfupdate.NpmResult{} }
 		u.VerifyOverride = func(string) error { return nil }
-		u.SkillsCommandOverride = func(args ...string) *selfupdate.NpmResult {
+		u.SkillsUpdateOverride = func() *selfupdate.NpmResult {
 			r := &selfupdate.NpmResult{}
 			r.Stderr.WriteString("npx: command not found")
 			r.Err = fmt.Errorf("exit status 127")
@@ -861,96 +861,100 @@ func TestUpdateNpm_SkillsFail_Human(t *testing.T) {
 	if !strings.Contains(out, "Skills update failed") {
 		t.Errorf("expected skills failure warning, got: %s", out)
 	}
-	if !strings.Contains(out, "lark-cli update --force") {
-		t.Errorf("expected force retry hint, got: %s", out)
+	if !strings.Contains(out, "npx -y skills add") {
+		t.Errorf("expected manual skills command hint, got: %s", out)
 	}
 }
 
-// newTestIO returns a cmdutil.IOStreams backed by bytes.Buffers.
+// newTestIO returns a cmdutil.IOStreams backed by bytes.Buffers, suitable
+// for direct calls to internals like runSkillsAndStamp that write to
+// io.ErrOut.
 func newTestIO() *cmdutil.IOStreams {
 	return cmdutil.NewIOStreams(&bytes.Buffer{}, &bytes.Buffer{}, &bytes.Buffer{})
 }
 
-func TestRunSkillsAndState_DedupHit(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", t.TempDir())
-	if err := skillscheck.WriteState(skillscheck.SkillsState{Version: "1.0.21"}); err != nil {
+func TestRunSkillsAndStamp_DedupHit(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", dir)
+	if err := skillscheck.WriteStamp("1.0.21"); err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
 	called := false
 	updater := &selfupdate.Updater{
-		SkillsCommandOverride: func(args ...string) *selfupdate.NpmResult {
+		SkillsUpdateOverride: func() *selfupdate.NpmResult {
 			called = true
 			return &selfupdate.NpmResult{}
 		},
 	}
-	got := runSkillsAndState(updater, newTestIO(), "1.0.21", false)
+	got := runSkillsAndStamp(updater, newTestIO(), "1.0.21", false)
 	if got != nil {
-		t.Errorf("runSkillsAndState() = %+v, want nil for dedup hit", got)
+		t.Errorf("runSkillsAndStamp() = %+v, want nil for dedup hit", got)
 	}
 	if called {
-		t.Error("SkillsCommandOverride called, want skipped due to dedup")
+		t.Error("SkillsUpdateOverride called, want skipped due to dedup")
 	}
 }
 
-func TestRunSkillsAndState_DedupForceBypass(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", t.TempDir())
-	if err := skillscheck.WriteState(skillscheck.SkillsState{Version: "1.0.21"}); err != nil {
+func TestRunSkillsAndStamp_DedupForceBypass(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", dir)
+	if err := skillscheck.WriteStamp("1.0.21"); err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
 	called := false
 	updater := &selfupdate.Updater{
-		SkillsCommandOverride: func(args ...string) *selfupdate.NpmResult {
+		SkillsUpdateOverride: func() *selfupdate.NpmResult {
 			called = true
-			return successfulSkillsCommand()(args...)
+			return &selfupdate.NpmResult{}
 		},
 	}
-	got := runSkillsAndState(updater, newTestIO(), "1.0.21", true)
-	if got == nil || got.Err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("runSkillsAndState(force=true) = %+v, want successful result", got)
+	got := runSkillsAndStamp(updater, newTestIO(), "1.0.21", true)
+	if got == nil {
+		t.Fatal("runSkillsAndStamp(force=true) = nil, want non-nil")
 	}
 	if !called {
-		t.Error("SkillsCommandOverride not called with force=true")
+		t.Error("SkillsUpdateOverride not called with force=true")
 	}
 }
 
-func TestRunSkillsAndState_SuccessWritesState(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", t.TempDir())
-	updater := &selfupdate.Updater{SkillsCommandOverride: successfulSkillsCommand()}
-	got := runSkillsAndState(updater, newTestIO(), "1.0.21", false)
+func TestRunSkillsAndStamp_SuccessWritesStamp(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", dir)
+	updater := &selfupdate.Updater{
+		SkillsUpdateOverride: func() *selfupdate.NpmResult {
+			return &selfupdate.NpmResult{}
+		},
+	}
+	got := runSkillsAndStamp(updater, newTestIO(), "1.0.21", false)
 	if got == nil || got.Err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("runSkillsAndState() = %+v, want non-nil with nil Err", got)
+		t.Fatalf("runSkillsAndStamp() = %+v, want non-nil with nil Err", got)
 	}
-	state, readable, err := skillscheck.ReadState()
-	if err != nil || !readable {
-		t.Fatalf("ReadState() = (_, %v, %v), want readable", readable, err)
-	}
-	if state.Version != "1.0.21" {
-		t.Errorf("state.Version = %q, want \"1.0.21\"", state.Version)
+	stamp, _ := skillscheck.ReadStamp()
+	if stamp != "1.0.21" {
+		t.Errorf("stamp = %q, want \"1.0.21\"", stamp)
 	}
 }
 
-func TestRunSkillsAndState_FailureKeepsOldState(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", t.TempDir())
-	if err := skillscheck.WriteState(skillscheck.SkillsState{Version: "1.0.20"}); err != nil {
+func TestRunSkillsAndStamp_FailureKeepsOldStamp(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", dir)
+	if err := skillscheck.WriteStamp("1.0.20"); err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
 	updater := &selfupdate.Updater{
-		SkillsCommandOverride: func(args ...string) *selfupdate.NpmResult {
+		SkillsUpdateOverride: func() *selfupdate.NpmResult {
 			r := &selfupdate.NpmResult{}
 			r.Err = fmt.Errorf("npx failed")
 			return r
 		},
 	}
-	got := runSkillsAndState(updater, newTestIO(), "1.0.21", false)
+	got := runSkillsAndStamp(updater, newTestIO(), "1.0.21", false)
 	if got == nil || got.Err == nil {
-		t.Fatalf("runSkillsAndState() = %+v, want non-nil with non-nil Err", got)
+		t.Fatalf("runSkillsAndStamp() = %+v, want non-nil with non-nil Err", got)
 	}
-	state, readable, err := skillscheck.ReadState()
-	if err != nil || !readable {
-		t.Fatalf("ReadState() = (_, %v, %v), want readable", readable, err)
-	}
-	if state.Version != "1.0.20" {
-		t.Errorf("state.Version = %q, want \"1.0.20\" (failure must not overwrite)", state.Version)
+	stamp, _ := skillscheck.ReadStamp()
+	if stamp != "1.0.20" {
+		t.Errorf("stamp = %q, want \"1.0.20\" (failure must not overwrite)", stamp)
 	}
 }
 
@@ -969,7 +973,8 @@ func TestTruncate(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestUpdateRun_AlreadyLatest_RunsSkillsSync(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", t.TempDir())
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", dir)
 
 	origFetch := fetchLatest
 	origCur := currentVersion
@@ -982,9 +987,9 @@ func TestUpdateRun_AlreadyLatest_RunsSkillsSync(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Cleanup(func() { newUpdater = origNew })
 	newUpdater = func() *selfupdate.Updater {
 		return &selfupdate.Updater{
-			SkillsCommandOverride: func(args ...string) *selfupdate.NpmResult {
+			SkillsUpdateOverride: func() *selfupdate.NpmResult {
 				skillsCalled = true
-				return successfulSkillsCommand()(args...)
+				return &selfupdate.NpmResult{}
 			},
 		}
 	}
@@ -995,19 +1000,17 @@ func TestUpdateRun_AlreadyLatest_RunsSkillsSync(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("updateRun() err = %v, want nil", err)
 	}
 	if !skillsCalled {
-		t.Error("skills sync not called in already-up-to-date branch")
+		t.Error("RunSkillsUpdate not called in already-up-to-date branch (cold stamp), want called")
 	}
-	state, readable, err := skillscheck.ReadState()
-	if err != nil || !readable {
-		t.Fatalf("ReadState() = (_, %v, %v), want readable", readable, err)
-	}
-	if state.Version != "1.0.21" {
-		t.Errorf("state.Version = %q, want \"1.0.21\"", state.Version)
+	stamp, _ := skillscheck.ReadStamp()
+	if stamp != "1.0.21" {
+		t.Errorf("stamp = %q, want \"1.0.21\"", stamp)
 	}
 }
 
 func TestUpdateRun_Manual_RunsSkillsSync(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", t.TempDir())
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", dir)
 
 	origFetch := fetchLatest
 	origCur := currentVersion
@@ -1026,9 +1029,9 @@ func TestUpdateRun_Manual_RunsSkillsSync(t *testing.T) {
 					ResolvedPath: "/usr/local/bin/lark-cli",
 				}
 			},
-			SkillsCommandOverride: func(args ...string) *selfupdate.NpmResult {
+			SkillsUpdateOverride: func() *selfupdate.NpmResult {
 				skillsCalled = true
-				return successfulSkillsCommand()(args...)
+				return &selfupdate.NpmResult{}
 			},
 		}
 	}
@@ -1039,19 +1042,17 @@ func TestUpdateRun_Manual_RunsSkillsSync(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("updateRun() err = %v, want nil", err)
 	}
 	if !skillsCalled {
-		t.Error("skills sync not called in manual branch")
+		t.Error("RunSkillsUpdate not called in manual branch, want called")
 	}
-	state, readable, err := skillscheck.ReadState()
-	if err != nil || !readable {
-		t.Fatalf("ReadState() = (_, %v, %v), want readable", readable, err)
-	}
-	if state.Version != "1.0.21" {
-		t.Errorf("state.Version = %q, want \"1.0.21\" (manual path records current binary)", state.Version)
+	stamp, _ := skillscheck.ReadStamp()
+	if stamp != "1.0.21" {
+		t.Errorf("stamp = %q, want \"1.0.21\" (manual path stamps cur)", stamp)
 	}
 }
 
-func TestUpdateRun_Npm_RunsSkillsSync_WritesLatestState(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", t.TempDir())
+func TestUpdateRun_Npm_RunsSkillsSync_StampsLatest(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", dir)
 
 	origFetch := fetchLatest
 	origCur := currentVersion
@@ -1074,9 +1075,9 @@ func TestUpdateRun_Npm_RunsSkillsSync_WritesLatestState(t *testing.T) {
 				return &selfupdate.NpmResult{}
 			},
 			VerifyOverride: func(expectedVersion string) error { return nil },
-			SkillsCommandOverride: func(args ...string) *selfupdate.NpmResult {
+			SkillsUpdateOverride: func() *selfupdate.NpmResult {
 				skillsCalled = true
-				return successfulSkillsCommand()(args...)
+				return &selfupdate.NpmResult{}
 			},
 		}
 	}
@@ -1087,25 +1088,18 @@ func TestUpdateRun_Npm_RunsSkillsSync_WritesLatestState(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("updateRun() err = %v, want nil", err)
 	}
 	if !skillsCalled {
-		t.Error("skills sync not called in npm branch")
+		t.Error("RunSkillsUpdate not called in npm branch")
 	}
-	state, readable, err := skillscheck.ReadState()
-	if err != nil || !readable {
-		t.Fatalf("ReadState() = (_, %v, %v), want readable", readable, err)
-	}
-	if state.Version != "1.0.22" {
-		t.Errorf("state.Version = %q, want \"1.0.22\" (npm path records latest binary)", state.Version)
+	stamp, _ := skillscheck.ReadStamp()
+	if stamp != "1.0.22" {
+		t.Errorf("stamp = %q, want \"1.0.22\" (npm path stamps latest)", stamp)
 	}
 }
 
 func TestUpdateRun_CheckIncludesSkillsStatus(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", t.TempDir())
-	if err := skillscheck.WriteState(skillscheck.SkillsState{
-		Version:              "1.0.20",
-		OfficialSkills:       []string{"lark-calendar", "lark-mail"},
-		UpdatedSkills:        []string{"lark-calendar"},
-		SkippedDeletedSkills: []string{"lark-mail"},
-	}); err != nil {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", dir)
+	if err := skillscheck.WriteStamp("1.0.20"); err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
 
@@ -1123,9 +1117,9 @@ func TestUpdateRun_CheckIncludesSkillsStatus(t *testing.T) {
 			DetectOverride: func() selfupdate.DetectResult {
 				return selfupdate.DetectResult{Method: selfupdate.InstallNpm, NpmAvailable: true}
 			},
-			SkillsCommandOverride: func(args ...string) *selfupdate.NpmResult {
+			SkillsUpdateOverride: func() *selfupdate.NpmResult {
 				skillsCalled = true
-				return successfulSkillsCommand()(args...)
+				return &selfupdate.NpmResult{}
 			},
 		}
 	}
@@ -1136,7 +1130,7 @@ func TestUpdateRun_CheckIncludesSkillsStatus(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("updateRun(--check) err = %v, want nil", err)
 	}
 	if skillsCalled {
-		t.Error("skills sync called under --check, want skipped")
+		t.Error("RunSkillsUpdate called under --check, want skipped (pure report)")
 	}
 
 	var env map[string]interface{}
@@ -1150,14 +1144,12 @@ func TestUpdateRun_CheckIncludesSkillsStatus(t *testing.T) {
 	if status["current"] != "1.0.20" || status["target"] != "1.0.21" || status["in_sync"] != false {
 		t.Errorf("skills_status = %+v, want {current:\"1.0.20\", target:\"1.0.21\", in_sync:false}", status)
 	}
-	if status["official"] != float64(2) || status["updated"] != float64(1) {
-		t.Errorf("skills_status counts = %+v, want official:2 updated:1", status)
-	}
 }
 
 func TestUpdateRun_CheckAlreadyLatest_NoSideEffect(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", t.TempDir())
-	if err := skillscheck.WriteState(skillscheck.SkillsState{Version: "1.0.20"}); err != nil {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", dir)
+	if err := skillscheck.WriteStamp("1.0.20"); err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
 
@@ -1172,9 +1164,9 @@ func TestUpdateRun_CheckAlreadyLatest_NoSideEffect(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Cleanup(func() { newUpdater = origNew })
 	newUpdater = func() *selfupdate.Updater {
 		return &selfupdate.Updater{
-			SkillsCommandOverride: func(args ...string) *selfupdate.NpmResult {
+			SkillsUpdateOverride: func() *selfupdate.NpmResult {
 				skillsCalled = true
-				return successfulSkillsCommand()(args...)
+				return &selfupdate.NpmResult{}
 			},
 		}
 	}
@@ -1185,15 +1177,12 @@ func TestUpdateRun_CheckAlreadyLatest_NoSideEffect(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("updateRun(--check, already-latest) err = %v, want nil", err)
 	}
 	if skillsCalled {
-		t.Error("skills sync called under --check (already-latest), want skipped")
+		t.Error("RunSkillsUpdate called under --check (already-latest), want skipped (pure report)")
 	}
 
-	state, readable, err := skillscheck.ReadState()
-	if err != nil || !readable {
-		t.Fatalf("ReadState() = (_, %v, %v), want readable", readable, err)
-	}
-	if state.Version != "1.0.20" {
-		t.Errorf("state.Version mutated to %q under --check, want \"1.0.20\"", state.Version)
+	stamp, _ := skillscheck.ReadStamp()
+	if stamp != "1.0.20" {
+		t.Errorf("stamp mutated to %q under --check, want \"1.0.20\" (pure report must not write stamp)", stamp)
 	}
 
 	var env map[string]interface{}
@@ -1215,26 +1204,38 @@ func TestUpdateRun_CheckAlreadyLatest_NoSideEffect(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-func TestRunSkillsAndState_StateWriteFailureWarns(t *testing.T) {
-	origSync := syncSkills
-	syncSkills = func(opts skillscheck.SyncOptions) *skillscheck.SyncResult {
-		return &skillscheck.SyncResult{Err: fmt.Errorf("skills synced but state not written: denied")}
+// TestRunSkillsAndStamp_StampWriteFailureWarns verifies the stderr warning
+// emission when RunSkillsUpdate succeeds but WriteStamp fails.
+func TestRunSkillsAndStamp_StampWriteFailureWarns(t *testing.T) {
+	// Force WriteStamp to fail by pointing config dir at a path that exists
+	// as a regular file (so MkdirAll fails).
+	tmp := t.TempDir()
+	badPath := filepath.Join(tmp, "blocker")
+	if err := os.WriteFile(badPath, []byte("not-a-dir"), 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
-	t.Cleanup(func() { syncSkills = origSync })
+	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", badPath)
 
 	f, _, stderr := newTestFactory(t)
-	got := runSkillsAndState(&selfupdate.Updater{}, f.IOStreams, "1.0.21", false)
-	if got == nil || got.Err == nil {
-		t.Fatalf("runSkillsAndState() = %+v, want non-nil with write error", got)
+	updater := &selfupdate.Updater{
+		SkillsUpdateOverride: func() *selfupdate.NpmResult {
+			return &selfupdate.NpmResult{} // success
+		},
 	}
-	if !strings.Contains(stderr.String(), "warning: skills synced but state not written") {
+	got := runSkillsAndStamp(updater, f.IOStreams, "1.0.21", false)
+	if got == nil || got.Err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("runSkillsAndStamp() = %+v, want non-nil with nil Err", got)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(stderr.String(), "warning: skills synced but stamp not written") {
 		t.Errorf("stderr does not contain warning: %q", stderr.String())
 	}
 }
 
+// TestEmitSkillsTextHints_Success verifies the "Skills updated" success
+// message is printed to ErrOut on a successful (Err == nil) result.
 func TestEmitSkillsTextHints_Success(t *testing.T) {
 	f, _, stderr := newTestFactory(t)
-	emitSkillsTextHints(f.IOStreams, &skillscheck.SyncResult{Official: []string{"lark-calendar"}, Updated: []string{"lark-calendar"}})
+	emitSkillsTextHints(f.IOStreams, &selfupdate.NpmResult{}) // Err==nil → success
 	if !strings.Contains(stderr.String(), "Skills updated") {
 		t.Errorf("stderr does not contain 'Skills updated': %q", stderr.String())
 	}

internal/registry/scope_priorities.json

@@ -5568,5 +5568,115 @@
     "scope_name": "speech_to_text:speech",
     "final_score": "70.8755",
     "recommend": "true"
+  },
+  {
+    "scope_name": "spark:app:publish",
+    "final_score": "75.0587",
+    "recommend": "true"
+  },
+  {
+    "scope_name": "spark:app.access_scope:read",
+    "final_score": "88.0587",
+    "recommend": "true"
+  },
+  {
+    "scope_name": "spark:app.access_scope:write",
+    "final_score": "83.6587",
+    "recommend": "true"
+  },
+  {
+    "scope_name": "spark:app:read",
+    "final_score": "88.0587",
+    "recommend": "true"
+  },
+  {
+    "scope_name": "spark:app:write",
+    "final_score": "76.7173",
+    "recommend": "true"
+  },
+  {
+    "scope_name": "docs:secure_label:write_only",
+    "final_score": "75.0587",
+    "recommend": "true"
+  },
+  {
+    "scope_name": "corehr:job_change_v2:read",
+    "final_score": "75.9982",
+    "recommend": "false"
+  },
+  {
+    "scope_name": "corehr:pre_hire.contract_file_id:read",
+    "final_score": "80.0587",
+    "recommend": "false"
+  },
+  {
+    "scope_name": "im:chat.user_setting:read",
+    "final_score": "88.0587",
+    "recommend": "true"
+  },
+  {
+    "scope_name": "minutes:minutes.upload:write",
+    "final_score": "83.6587",
+    "recommend": "true"
+  },
+  {
+    "scope_name": "im:feed.flag:write",
+    "final_score": "79.5982",
+    "recommend": "true"
+  },
+  {
+    "scope_name": "im:feed.flag:read",
+    "final_score": "88.0587",
+    "recommend": "true"
+  },
+  {
+    "scope_name": "search:bot",
+    "final_score": "67.0587",
+    "recommend": "false"
+  },
+  {
+    "scope_name": "application:bot.basic_info:read",
+    "final_score": "88.0587",
+    "recommend": "true"
+  },
+  {
+    "scope_name": "drive:quota_detail:read_one",
+    "final_score": "75.0587",
+    "recommend": "true"
+  },
+  {
+    "scope_name": "docs:permission.member:apply",
+    "final_score": "83.6587",
+    "recommend": "true"
+  },
+  {
+    "scope_name": "corehr:employment.custom_field:write",
+    "final_score": "75.6587",
+    "recommend": "false"
+  },
+  {
+    "scope_name": "im:message.group_at_msg.include_bot:readonly",
+    "final_score": "88.9982",
+    "recommend": "true"
+  },
+  {
+    "scope_name": "okr:okr.setting:read",
+    "final_score": "80.0587",
+    "recommend": "false"
+  },
+  {
+    "scope_name": "directory:employee.base.leader_id:read",
+    "final_score": "88.0587",
+    "recommend": "true"
+  },
+  {
+    "scope_name": "directory:employee.base.dotted_line_leaders:read",
+    "final_score": "88.0587",
+    "recommend": "true"
+  },
+  {
+    "scope_name": "directory:employee.base.active_status:read",
+    "final_score": "80.0587",
+    "recommend": "false"
   }
 ]

internal/registry/service_descriptions.json

@@ -3,6 +3,10 @@
     "en": { "title": "Approval", "description": "Approval instance, and task management" },
     "zh": { "title": "审批", "description": "审批实例、审批任务管理" }
   },
+  "apps": {
+    "en": { "title": "Apps", "description": "Develop, deploy HTML, web pages and applications" },
+    "zh": { "title": "应用", "description": "开发、部署 HTML、Web 页面和应用" }
+  },
   "base": {
     "en": { "title": "Base", "description": "Table, field, record, view, dashboard, workflow, form, role & permission management" },
     "zh": { "title": "多维表格", "description": "数据表、字段、记录、视图、仪表盘、自动化流程、表单、角色权限管理" }

internal/selfupdate/updater.go

@@ -84,7 +84,6 @@ type Updater struct {
 	DetectOverride           func() DetectResult
 	NpmInstallOverride       func(version string) *NpmResult
 	SkillsUpdateOverride     func() *NpmResult
-	SkillsCommandOverride    func(args ...string) *NpmResult
 	VerifyOverride           func(expectedVersion string) error
 	RestoreAvailableOverride func() bool
 
@@ -167,46 +166,7 @@ func (u *Updater) RunSkillsUpdate() *NpmResult {
 	return r
 }
 
-func (u *Updater) ListOfficialSkills() *NpmResult {
-	r := u.runSkillsListOfficial("https://open.feishu.cn")
-	if r.Err != nil {
-		r = u.runSkillsListOfficial("larksuite/cli")
-	}
-	return r
-}
-
-func (u *Updater) ListGlobalSkills() *NpmResult {
-	return u.runSkillsListGlobal()
-}
-
-func (u *Updater) InstallSkill(name string) *NpmResult {
-	r := u.runSkillsInstall("https://open.feishu.cn", name)
-	if r.Err != nil {
-		r = u.runSkillsInstall("larksuite/cli", name)
-	}
-	return r
-}
-
 func (u *Updater) runSkillsAdd(source string) *NpmResult {
-	return u.runSkillsCommand("-y", "skills", "add", source, "-g", "-y")
-}
-
-func (u *Updater) runSkillsListOfficial(source string) *NpmResult {
-	return u.runSkillsCommand("-y", "skills", "add", source, "--list")
-}
-
-func (u *Updater) runSkillsListGlobal() *NpmResult {
-	return u.runSkillsCommand("-y", "skills", "ls", "-g")
-}
-
-func (u *Updater) runSkillsInstall(source string, name string) *NpmResult {
-	return u.runSkillsCommand("-y", "skills", "add", source, "-s", name, "-g", "-y")
-}
-
-func (u *Updater) runSkillsCommand(args ...string) *NpmResult {
-	if u.SkillsCommandOverride != nil {
-		return u.SkillsCommandOverride(args...)
-	}
 	r := &NpmResult{}
 	npxPath, err := exec.LookPath("npx")
 	if err != nil {
@@ -215,7 +175,7 @@ func (u *Updater) runSkillsCommand(args ...string) *NpmResult {
 	}
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), skillsUpdateTimeout)
 	defer cancel()
-	cmd := exec.CommandContext(ctx, npxPath, args...)
+	cmd := exec.CommandContext(ctx, npxPath, "-y", "skills", "add", source, "-g", "-y")
 	cmd.Stdout = &r.Stdout
 	cmd.Stderr = &r.Stderr
 	r.Err = cmd.Run()

internal/selfupdate/updater_test.go

@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ import (
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"runtime"
-	"strings"
 	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/vfs"
@@ -167,87 +166,3 @@ func TestVerifyBinaryEmptyOutput(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatal("VerifyBinary(empty output) expected error, got nil")
 	}
 }
-
-func TestSkillsCommandsUseExpectedArgs(t *testing.T) {
-	tests := []struct {
-		name string
-		run  func(*Updater) *NpmResult
-		want string
-	}{
-		{
-			name: "list official primary",
-			run: func(u *Updater) *NpmResult {
-				return u.runSkillsListOfficial("https://open.feishu.cn")
-			},
-			want: "-y skills add https://open.feishu.cn --list",
-		},
-		{
-			name: "list global",
-			run: func(u *Updater) *NpmResult {
-				return u.runSkillsListGlobal()
-			},
-			want: "-y skills ls -g",
-		},
-		{
-			name: "install skill primary",
-			run: func(u *Updater) *NpmResult {
-				return u.runSkillsInstall("https://open.feishu.cn", "lark-mail")
-			},
-			want: "-y skills add https://open.feishu.cn -s lark-mail -g -y",
-		},
-	}
-
-	for _, tt := range tests {
-		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
-				t.Skip("uses a POSIX shell script")
-			}
-			dir := t.TempDir()
-			script := filepath.Join(dir, "npx")
-			logPath := filepath.Join(dir, "npx.log")
-			if err := os.WriteFile(script, []byte("#!/bin/sh\nprintf '%s\\n' \"$*\" >> \""+logPath+"\"\nexit 0\n"), 0o755); err != nil {
-				t.Fatal(err)
-			}
-			t.Setenv("PATH", dir+string(os.PathListSeparator)+os.Getenv("PATH"))
-
-			result := tt.run(New())
-			if result.Err != nil {
-				t.Fatalf("command err = %v, want nil", result.Err)
-			}
-			raw, err := os.ReadFile(logPath)
-			if err != nil {
-				t.Fatal(err)
-			}
-			if strings.TrimSpace(string(raw)) != tt.want {
-				t.Fatalf("args = %q, want %q", strings.TrimSpace(string(raw)), tt.want)
-			}
-		})
-	}
-}
-
-func TestListOfficialSkillsFallsBack(t *testing.T) {
-	called := []string{}
-	updater := &Updater{
-		SkillsCommandOverride: func(args ...string) *NpmResult {
-			called = append(called, strings.Join(args, " "))
-			r := &NpmResult{}
-			if strings.Contains(strings.Join(args, " "), "https://open.feishu.cn") {
-				r.Err = fmt.Errorf("primary failed")
-				return r
-			}
-			r.Stdout.WriteString("lark-calendar\n")
-			return r
-		},
-	}
-
-	result := updater.ListOfficialSkills()
-	if result.Err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("ListOfficialSkills() err = %v, want nil", result.Err)
-	}
-	if len(called) != 2 {
-		t.Fatalf("called %d commands, want 2: %#v", len(called), called)
-	}
-	if !strings.Contains(called[1], "larksuite/cli --list") {
-		t.Fatalf("fallback call = %q, want larksuite/cli --list", called[1])
-	}
-}

internal/skillscheck/check.go

@@ -3,29 +3,46 @@
 
 package skillscheck
 
-import "strings"
-
-// Init runs the synchronous skills version check. Stores a StaleNotice when
-// the local skills state records a version that does not match currentVersion.
-// Safe to call from cmd/root.go before rootCmd.Execute(); zero network, zero
-// subprocess — only a local state file read.
+// Init runs the synchronous skills version check. Stores a StaleNotice
+// when the local stamp records a version that does not match
+// currentVersion. Safe to call from cmd/root.go before rootCmd.Execute();
+// zero network, zero subprocess — only a local stamp file read.
 //
 // Skip rules: see shouldSkip (CI envs, DEV builds, non-release semver,
 // LARKSUITE_CLI_NO_SKILLS_NOTIFIER opt-out).
+//
+// Failure modes (all → no notice, no nag):
+//   - shouldSkip rule met
+//   - ReadStamp returns an I/O error other than ENOENT
+//   - Stamp matches currentVersion (in-sync)
+//   - Stamp is missing (cold start) — only users who ran `lark-cli update`
+//     opt into drift tracking; npx-only installs are intentionally silent.
 func Init(currentVersion string) {
+	// Clear any stale notice from a prior call so early returns below
+	// (skip rules / read errors / cold start / in-sync) leave pending == nil
+	// instead of preserving a stale value from a previous Init invocation.
 	SetPending(nil)
 	if shouldSkip(currentVersion) {
 		return
 	}
-	version, ok := ReadSyncedVersion()
-	if !ok {
+	stamp, err := ReadStamp()
+	if err != nil {
+		// Fail closed — don't nag for a transient FS problem.
 		return
 	}
-	if strings.TrimPrefix(strings.TrimPrefix(version, "v"), "V") == strings.TrimPrefix(strings.TrimPrefix(currentVersion, "v"), "V") {
+	if stamp == "" {
+		// Cold start: the stamp is written exclusively by `lark-cli update`
+		// (runSkillsAndStamp). Users who installed skills via
+		// `npx skills add larksuite/cli -g` have no stamp yet — they must
+		// not be nagged with "skills not installed", since the on-disk
+		// skills directory may already be fully populated.
+		return
+	}
+	if stamp == currentVersion {
 		return
 	}
 	SetPending(&StaleNotice{
-		Current: version,
+		Current: stamp, // guaranteed non-empty under the new contract
 		Target:  currentVersion,
 	})
 }

internal/skillscheck/check_test.go

@@ -18,8 +18,9 @@ func resetPending(t *testing.T) {
 func TestInit_InSync_NoNotice(t *testing.T) {
 	clearSkillsSkipEnv(t)
 	resetPending(t)
-	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", t.TempDir())
-	if err := WriteState(SkillsState{Version: "1.0.21"}); err != nil {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", dir)
+	if err := WriteStamp("1.0.21"); err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
 	Init("1.0.21")
@@ -38,24 +39,12 @@ func TestInit_ColdStart_NoNotice(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-func TestInit_NormalizedVersion_NoNotice(t *testing.T) {
+func TestInit_Drift_NoticeWithStampVersion(t *testing.T) {
 	clearSkillsSkipEnv(t)
 	resetPending(t)
-	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", t.TempDir())
-	if err := WriteState(SkillsState{Version: "1.0.21"}); err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-	Init("v1.0.21")
-	if got := GetPending(); got != nil {
-		t.Errorf("GetPending() = %+v, want nil (normalized versions are in-sync)", got)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestInit_Drift_NoticeWithStateVersion(t *testing.T) {
-	clearSkillsSkipEnv(t)
-	resetPending(t)
-	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", t.TempDir())
-	if err := WriteState(SkillsState{Version: "1.0.20"}); err != nil {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", dir)
+	if err := WriteStamp("1.0.20"); err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
 	Init("1.0.21")
@@ -72,18 +61,22 @@ func TestInit_Skipped_NoNotice(t *testing.T) {
 	clearSkillsSkipEnv(t)
 	resetPending(t)
 	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", t.TempDir())
+	// Even with an empty config dir (no stamp), DEV version should skip
+	// the check entirely and never emit a notice.
 	Init("DEV")
 	if got := GetPending(); got != nil {
 		t.Errorf("GetPending() = %+v, want nil (skip rules met)", got)
 	}
 }
 
-func TestInit_ReadStateError_FailsClosed(t *testing.T) {
+func TestInit_ReadStampError_FailsClosed(t *testing.T) {
 	clearSkillsSkipEnv(t)
 	resetPending(t)
 	dir := t.TempDir()
 	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", dir)
-	if err := os.MkdirAll(filepath.Join(dir, "skills-state.json"), 0o755); err != nil {
+	// Make the stamp path a directory so vfs.ReadFile returns a
+	// non-ENOENT I/O error.
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(filepath.Join(dir, "skills.stamp"), 0o755); err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
 	Init("1.0.21")

internal/skillscheck/notice.go

@@ -3,8 +3,9 @@
 
 // Package skillscheck verifies that the locally installed lark-cli
 // skills are in sync with the running binary version, by comparing
-// the current binary version against skills-state.json. On mismatch it
-// stores a notice for injection into JSON envelopes via output.PendingNotice.
+// the current binary version against a stamp file written when skills
+// are last synced (by `lark-cli update`). On mismatch it stores a
+// notice for injection into JSON envelopes via output.PendingNotice.
 package skillscheck
 
 import (
@@ -25,7 +26,8 @@ type StaleNotice struct {
 // Message returns a single-line, AI-agent-parseable description of the
 // drift plus the canonical fix command. Mirrors internal/update.UpdateInfo.Message
 // in style ("..., run: lark-cli update" suffix). Current is guaranteed
-// non-empty because Init only emits a StaleNotice for the drift case.
+// non-empty because Init only emits a StaleNotice for the drift case
+// (stamp present and != binary version).
 func (s *StaleNotice) Message() string {
 	return fmt.Sprintf(
 		"lark-cli skills %s out of sync with binary %s, run: lark-cli update",

internal/skillscheck/stamp.go

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package skillscheck
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"io/fs"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/validate"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/vfs"
+)
+
+const stampFile = "skills.stamp"
+
+// stampPath returns ~/.lark-cli/skills.stamp.
+// Uses the BASE config dir (not workspace-aware) because skills install
+// globally via `npx -g`; per-workspace tracking would produce false
+// drift signals when switching workspaces.
+func stampPath() string {
+	return filepath.Join(core.GetBaseConfigDir(), stampFile)
+}
+
+// ReadStamp returns the version recorded in the stamp file. Returns
+// ("", nil) when the file does not exist (interpreted as "never synced").
+// Other I/O errors are returned as-is so callers can fail closed.
+func ReadStamp() (string, error) {
+	data, err := vfs.ReadFile(stampPath())
+	if err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(err, fs.ErrNotExist) {
+			return "", nil
+		}
+		return "", err
+	}
+	return strings.TrimSpace(string(data)), nil
+}
+
+// WriteStamp records `version` as the last successfully synced skills
+// version. Atomic via tmp + rename (validate.AtomicWrite). Creates
+// the base config directory if it does not exist.
+func WriteStamp(version string) error {
+	if err := vfs.MkdirAll(core.GetBaseConfigDir(), 0o700); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return validate.AtomicWrite(stampPath(), []byte(version), 0o644)
+}

internal/skillscheck/stamp_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package skillscheck
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestReadStamp_Missing(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", t.TempDir())
+	got, err := ReadStamp()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("ReadStamp() err = %v, want nil for ENOENT", err)
+	}
+	if got != "" {
+		t.Errorf("ReadStamp() = %q, want \"\" for missing file", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestReadStamp_Normal(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", dir)
+	if err := os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(dir, "skills.stamp"), []byte("1.0.21"), 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	got, err := ReadStamp()
+	if err != nil || got != "1.0.21" {
+		t.Errorf("ReadStamp() = (%q, %v), want (\"1.0.21\", nil)", got, err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestReadStamp_TrailingNewlineTolerated(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", dir)
+	if err := os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(dir, "skills.stamp"), []byte("1.0.21\n"), 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	got, _ := ReadStamp()
+	if got != "1.0.21" {
+		t.Errorf("ReadStamp() = %q, want \"1.0.21\" (newline trimmed)", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestReadStamp_EmptyFile(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", dir)
+	if err := os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(dir, "skills.stamp"), []byte(""), 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	got, err := ReadStamp()
+	if err != nil || got != "" {
+		t.Errorf("ReadStamp() = (%q, %v), want (\"\", nil)", got, err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestWriteStamp_CreatesDir(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "nested")
+	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", dir)
+	if err := WriteStamp("1.0.21"); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("WriteStamp() = %v, want nil", err)
+	}
+	got, _ := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join(dir, "skills.stamp"))
+	if string(got) != "1.0.21" {
+		t.Errorf("file content = %q, want \"1.0.21\"", string(got))
+	}
+}
+
+func TestWriteStamp_OverwritesExisting(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", dir)
+	if err := WriteStamp("1.0.20"); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := WriteStamp("1.0.21"); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	got, _ := ReadStamp()
+	if got != "1.0.21" {
+		t.Errorf("ReadStamp() after overwrite = %q, want \"1.0.21\"", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestWriteStamp_NoTrailingNewline(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", dir)
+	if err := WriteStamp("1.0.21"); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	raw, _ := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join(dir, "skills.stamp"))
+	if string(raw) != "1.0.21" {
+		t.Errorf("raw file = %q, want exactly \"1.0.21\" (no newline)", string(raw))
+	}
+}
+
+// TestWriteStamp_MkdirAllFailure verifies WriteStamp returns the mkdir error
+// when the base config dir cannot be created (parent path is a regular file).
+func TestWriteStamp_MkdirAllFailure(t *testing.T) {
+	tmp := t.TempDir()
+	blocker := filepath.Join(tmp, "blocker")
+	// Create a regular file where MkdirAll wants to create a directory.
+	if err := os.WriteFile(blocker, []byte("not-a-dir"), 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	// Point the config dir at a path UNDER the regular file — MkdirAll must fail.
+	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", filepath.Join(blocker, "child"))
+
+	if err := WriteStamp("1.0.21"); err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("WriteStamp() = nil, want non-nil error from MkdirAll failure")
+	}
+}

internal/skillscheck/state.go

@@ -1,90 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
-
-package skillscheck
-
-import (
-	"encoding/json"
-	"errors"
-	"io/fs"
-	"path/filepath"
-
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/validate"
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/vfs"
-)
-
-const (
-	stateFile          = "skills-state.json"
-	stateSchemaVersion = 1
-)
-
-type SkillsState struct {
-	SchemaVersion        int      `json:"schema_version"`
-	Version              string   `json:"version"`
-	OfficialSkills       []string `json:"official_skills"`
-	UpdatedSkills        []string `json:"updated_skills"`
-	AddedSkills          []string `json:"added_skills"`
-	SkippedDeletedSkills []string `json:"skipped_deleted_skills"`
-	UpdatedAt            string   `json:"updated_at"`
-}
-
-func statePath() string {
-	return filepath.Join(core.GetBaseConfigDir(), stateFile)
-}
-
-func ReadState() (*SkillsState, bool, error) {
-	data, err := vfs.ReadFile(statePath())
-	if err != nil {
-		if errors.Is(err, fs.ErrNotExist) {
-			return nil, false, nil
-		}
-		return nil, false, err
-	}
-
-	var state SkillsState
-	if json.Unmarshal(data, &state) != nil {
-		state = SkillsState{}
-	}
-	if state.SchemaVersion != stateSchemaVersion {
-		return nil, false, nil
-	}
-	return &state, true, nil
-}
-
-func WriteState(state SkillsState) error {
-	state.SchemaVersion = stateSchemaVersion
-	state.ensureNonNilSlices()
-
-	if err := vfs.MkdirAll(core.GetBaseConfigDir(), 0o700); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	data, err := json.MarshalIndent(state, "", "  ")
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	return validate.AtomicWrite(statePath(), append(data, '\n'), 0o644)
-}
-
-func ReadSyncedVersion() (string, bool) {
-	state, ok, err := ReadState()
-	if err != nil || !ok || state.Version == "" {
-		return "", false
-	}
-	return state.Version, true
-}
-
-func (s *SkillsState) ensureNonNilSlices() {
-	if s.OfficialSkills == nil {
-		s.OfficialSkills = []string{}
-	}
-	if s.UpdatedSkills == nil {
-		s.UpdatedSkills = []string{}
-	}
-	if s.AddedSkills == nil {
-		s.AddedSkills = []string{}
-	}
-	if s.SkippedDeletedSkills == nil {
-		s.SkippedDeletedSkills = []string{}
-	}
-}

internal/skillscheck/state_test.go

@@ -1,153 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
-
-package skillscheck
-
-import (
-	"encoding/json"
-	"os"
-	"path/filepath"
-	"reflect"
-	"testing"
-)
-
-func TestReadState_Missing(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", t.TempDir())
-
-	state, ok, err := ReadState()
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("ReadState() err = %v, want nil for missing file", err)
-	}
-	if ok {
-		t.Fatal("ReadState() ok = true, want false for missing file")
-	}
-	if state != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("ReadState() state = %#v, want nil for missing file", state)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestReadState_Valid(t *testing.T) {
-	dir := t.TempDir()
-	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", dir)
-	want := SkillsState{
-		SchemaVersion:        1,
-		Version:              "1.2.3",
-		OfficialSkills:       []string{"lark-doc", "lark-im"},
-		UpdatedSkills:        []string{"lark-doc"},
-		AddedSkills:          []string{"lark-task"},
-		SkippedDeletedSkills: []string{"custom-skill"},
-		UpdatedAt:            "2026-05-18T10:00:00Z",
-	}
-	data, err := json.Marshal(want)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-	if err := os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(dir, stateFile), data, 0o644); err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-
-	got, ok, err := ReadState()
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("ReadState() err = %v, want nil", err)
-	}
-	if !ok {
-		t.Fatal("ReadState() ok = false, want true")
-	}
-	if got == nil {
-		t.Fatal("ReadState() state = nil, want state")
-	}
-	if !reflect.DeepEqual(*got, want) {
-		t.Fatalf("ReadState() state = %#v, want %#v", *got, want)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestReadState_CorruptOrUnknownSchemaUnreadable(t *testing.T) {
-	tests := []struct {
-		name string
-		data []byte
-	}{
-		{name: "corrupt json", data: []byte(`{"schema_version":`)},
-		{name: "unknown schema", data: []byte(`{"schema_version":2,"version":"1.2.3"}`)},
-	}
-	for _, tt := range tests {
-		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			dir := t.TempDir()
-			t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", dir)
-			if err := os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(dir, stateFile), tt.data, 0o644); err != nil {
-				t.Fatal(err)
-			}
-
-			state, ok, err := ReadState()
-			if err != nil {
-				t.Fatalf("ReadState() err = %v, want nil", err)
-			}
-			if ok {
-				t.Fatal("ReadState() ok = true, want false")
-			}
-			if state != nil {
-				t.Fatalf("ReadState() state = %#v, want nil", state)
-			}
-		})
-	}
-}
-
-func TestWriteState_CreatesDirAndWritesState(t *testing.T) {
-	dir := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "nested")
-	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", dir)
-
-	state := SkillsState{
-		Version:   "1.2.3",
-		UpdatedAt: "2026-05-18T10:00:00Z",
-	}
-	if err := WriteState(state); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("WriteState() err = %v, want nil", err)
-	}
-
-	raw, err := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join(dir, stateFile))
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-	var got SkillsState
-	if err := json.Unmarshal(raw, &got); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("written state is invalid JSON: %v", err)
-	}
-	if got.SchemaVersion != 1 {
-		t.Fatalf("schema_version = %d, want 1", got.SchemaVersion)
-	}
-	if got.Version != state.Version {
-		t.Fatalf("version = %q, want %q", got.Version, state.Version)
-	}
-	if got.OfficialSkills == nil {
-		t.Fatal("official_skills decoded as nil, want empty slice")
-	}
-	if got.UpdatedSkills == nil {
-		t.Fatal("updated_skills decoded as nil, want empty slice")
-	}
-	if got.AddedSkills == nil {
-		t.Fatal("added_skills decoded as nil, want empty slice")
-	}
-	if got.SkippedDeletedSkills == nil {
-		t.Fatal("skipped_deleted_skills decoded as nil, want empty slice")
-	}
-}
-
-func TestReadSyncedVersionFromState(t *testing.T) {
-	dir := t.TempDir()
-	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", dir)
-
-	if got, ok := ReadSyncedVersion(); ok || got != "" {
-		t.Fatalf("ReadSyncedVersion() = (%q, %v), want (\"\", false) for missing state", got, ok)
-	}
-	if err := WriteState(SkillsState{Version: "1.2.3"}); err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-	if got, ok := ReadSyncedVersion(); !ok || got != "1.2.3" {
-		t.Fatalf("ReadSyncedVersion() = (%q, %v), want (\"1.2.3\", true)", got, ok)
-	}
-	if err := WriteState(SkillsState{}); err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-	if got, ok := ReadSyncedVersion(); ok || got != "" {
-		t.Fatalf("ReadSyncedVersion() = (%q, %v), want (\"\", false) for empty version", got, ok)
-	}
-}

internal/skillscheck/sync.go

@@ -1,265 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
-
-package skillscheck
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-	"regexp"
-	"sort"
-	"strings"
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/selfupdate"
-)
-
-var skillNamePattern = regexp.MustCompile(`^[A-Za-z0-9][A-Za-z0-9_:-]*(@[^\s]+)?$`)
-
-type SyncInput struct {
-	Version        string
-	OfficialSkills []string
-	LocalSkills    []string
-	PreviousState  *SkillsState
-	StateReadable  bool
-	Force          bool
-}
-
-type SyncPlan struct {
-	Version        string
-	OfficialSkills []string
-	ToUpdate       []string
-	Added          []string
-	SkippedDeleted []string
-}
-
-func ParseSkillsList(text string) []string {
-	seen := map[string]bool{}
-	for _, line := range strings.Split(text, "\n") {
-		token := strings.TrimSpace(line)
-		token = strings.TrimPrefix(token, "-")
-		token = strings.TrimSpace(token)
-		if token == "" || strings.Contains(token, " ") || strings.HasSuffix(token, ":") {
-			continue
-		}
-		if !skillNamePattern.MatchString(token) {
-			continue
-		}
-		if at := strings.Index(token, "@"); at > 0 {
-			token = token[:at]
-		}
-		seen[token] = true
-	}
-	return sortedKeys(seen)
-}
-
-func PlanSync(input SyncInput) SyncPlan {
-	official := uniqueSorted(input.OfficialSkills)
-	if input.Force {
-		return SyncPlan{
-			Version:        input.Version,
-			OfficialSkills: official,
-			ToUpdate:       official,
-			Added:          []string{},
-			SkippedDeleted: []string{},
-		}
-	}
-
-	officialSet := toSet(official)
-	localOfficial := intersection(input.LocalSkills, officialSet)
-
-	previousOfficial := []string{}
-	if input.StateReadable && input.PreviousState != nil {
-		previousOfficial = input.PreviousState.OfficialSkills
-	}
-	previousSet := toSet(previousOfficial)
-
-	newOfficial := []string{}
-	for _, skill := range official {
-		if !previousSet[skill] {
-			newOfficial = append(newOfficial, skill)
-		}
-	}
-
-	updateSet := toSet(localOfficial)
-	for _, skill := range newOfficial {
-		updateSet[skill] = true
-	}
-	toUpdate := sortedKeys(updateSet)
-	updateSet = toSet(toUpdate)
-
-	skipped := []string{}
-	for _, skill := range official {
-		if !updateSet[skill] {
-			skipped = append(skipped, skill)
-		}
-	}
-
-	return SyncPlan{
-		Version:        input.Version,
-		OfficialSkills: official,
-		ToUpdate:       toUpdate,
-		Added:          uniqueSorted(newOfficial),
-		SkippedDeleted: skipped,
-	}
-}
-
-type SkillsRunner interface {
-	ListOfficialSkills() *selfupdate.NpmResult
-	ListGlobalSkills() *selfupdate.NpmResult
-	InstallSkill(name string) *selfupdate.NpmResult
-}
-
-type SyncOptions struct {
-	Version string
-	Force   bool
-	Runner  SkillsRunner
-	Now     func() time.Time
-}
-
-type SyncResult struct {
-	Action         string
-	Official       []string
-	Updated        []string
-	Added          []string
-	SkippedDeleted []string
-	Failed         []string
-	Err            error
-	Detail         string
-	Force          bool
-}
-
-func SyncSkills(opts SyncOptions) *SyncResult {
-	if opts.Now == nil {
-		opts.Now = time.Now
-	}
-	if opts.Runner == nil {
-		return &SyncResult{Action: "failed", Err: fmt.Errorf("skills runner is nil")}
-	}
-
-	officialResult := opts.Runner.ListOfficialSkills()
-	if officialResult == nil {
-		return &SyncResult{Action: "failed", Err: fmt.Errorf("failed to list official skills: empty result")}
-	}
-	if officialResult.Err != nil {
-		return &SyncResult{Action: "failed", Err: fmt.Errorf("failed to list official skills: %w", officialResult.Err), Detail: resultDetail(officialResult)}
-	}
-	official := ParseSkillsList(officialResult.Stdout.String())
-
-	localResult := opts.Runner.ListGlobalSkills()
-	if localResult == nil {
-		return &SyncResult{Action: "failed", Official: official, Err: fmt.Errorf("failed to list installed skills: empty result")}
-	}
-	if localResult.Err != nil {
-		return &SyncResult{Action: "failed", Official: official, Err: fmt.Errorf("failed to list installed skills: %w", localResult.Err), Detail: resultDetail(localResult)}
-	}
-	local := ParseSkillsList(localResult.Stdout.String())
-
-	previous, readable, err := ReadState()
-	if err != nil {
-		return &SyncResult{Action: "failed", Official: official, Err: fmt.Errorf("failed to read skills state: %w", err)}
-	}
-
-	plan := PlanSync(SyncInput{
-		Version:        opts.Version,
-		OfficialSkills: official,
-		LocalSkills:    local,
-		PreviousState:  previous,
-		StateReadable:  readable,
-		Force:          opts.Force,
-	})
-
-	result := &SyncResult{
-		Action:         "synced",
-		Official:       plan.OfficialSkills,
-		Updated:        plan.ToUpdate,
-		Added:          plan.Added,
-		SkippedDeleted: plan.SkippedDeleted,
-		Force:          opts.Force,
-	}
-
-	failed := []string{}
-	var details []string
-	for _, skill := range plan.ToUpdate {
-		installResult := opts.Runner.InstallSkill(skill)
-		if installResult == nil {
-			failed = append(failed, skill)
-			details = append(details, skill+": empty result")
-			continue
-		}
-		if installResult.Err != nil {
-			failed = append(failed, skill)
-			details = append(details, skill+": "+resultDetail(installResult))
-		}
-	}
-	if len(failed) > 0 {
-		result.Action = "failed"
-		result.Failed = failed
-		result.Err = fmt.Errorf("%d skill(s) failed", len(failed))
-		result.Detail = strings.Join(details, "\n")
-		return result
-	}
-
-	state := SkillsState{
-		Version:              opts.Version,
-		OfficialSkills:       plan.OfficialSkills,
-		UpdatedSkills:        plan.ToUpdate,
-		AddedSkills:          plan.Added,
-		SkippedDeletedSkills: plan.SkippedDeleted,
-		UpdatedAt:            opts.Now().UTC().Format(time.RFC3339),
-	}
-	if err := WriteState(state); err != nil {
-		result.Action = "failed"
-		result.Err = fmt.Errorf("skills synced but state not written: %w", err)
-		return result
-	}
-
-	return result
-}
-
-func resultDetail(result *selfupdate.NpmResult) string {
-	if result == nil {
-		return ""
-	}
-	parts := []string{}
-	if output := strings.TrimSpace(result.CombinedOutput()); output != "" {
-		parts = append(parts, output)
-	}
-	if result.Err != nil {
-		parts = append(parts, result.Err.Error())
-	}
-	return strings.Join(parts, "\n")
-}
-
-func uniqueSorted(values []string) []string {
-	return sortedKeys(toSet(values))
-}
-
-func toSet(values []string) map[string]bool {
-	out := map[string]bool{}
-	for _, value := range values {
-		value = strings.TrimSpace(value)
-		if value != "" {
-			out[value] = true
-		}
-	}
-	return out
-}
-
-func intersection(values []string, allowed map[string]bool) []string {
-	out := map[string]bool{}
-	for _, value := range values {
-		if allowed[value] {
-			out[value] = true
-		}
-	}
-	return sortedKeys(out)
-}
-
-func sortedKeys(values map[string]bool) []string {
-	out := make([]string, 0, len(values))
-	for value := range values {
-		out = append(out, value)
-	}
-	sort.Strings(out)
-	return out
-}

internal/skillscheck/sync_test.go

@@ -1,222 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
-
-package skillscheck
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-	"os"
-	"path/filepath"
-	"reflect"
-	"strings"
-	"testing"
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/selfupdate"
-)
-
-func TestParseSkillsList(t *testing.T) {
-	input := `Installed skills:
-- lark-calendar
-- lark-mail
-lark-im
-custom-skill
-lark-base@1.0.0
-lark-cli-harness:dev@0.1.0
-`
-	got := ParseSkillsList(input)
-	want := []string{"custom-skill", "lark-base", "lark-calendar", "lark-cli-harness:dev", "lark-im", "lark-mail"}
-	if !reflect.DeepEqual(got, want) {
-		t.Fatalf("ParseSkillsList() = %#v, want %#v", got, want)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestPlanNormal_WithReadableStatePreservesDeletedAndAddsNew(t *testing.T) {
-	previous := &SkillsState{OfficialSkills: []string{"lark-calendar", "lark-mail"}}
-	got := PlanSync(SyncInput{
-		Version:        "1.0.33",
-		OfficialSkills: []string{"lark-calendar", "lark-mail", "lark-new"},
-		LocalSkills:    []string{"lark-calendar", "lark-custom"},
-		PreviousState:  previous,
-		StateReadable:  true,
-		Force:          false,
-	})
-
-	assertStrings(t, got.ToUpdate, []string{"lark-calendar", "lark-new"})
-	assertStrings(t, got.Added, []string{"lark-new"})
-	assertStrings(t, got.SkippedDeleted, []string{"lark-mail"})
-}
-
-func TestPlanNormal_MissingStateInstallsAllOfficial(t *testing.T) {
-	got := PlanSync(SyncInput{
-		Version:        "1.0.33",
-		OfficialSkills: []string{"lark-calendar", "lark-mail", "lark-new"},
-		LocalSkills:    []string{"lark-calendar"},
-		StateReadable:  false,
-		Force:          false,
-	})
-
-	assertStrings(t, got.ToUpdate, []string{"lark-calendar", "lark-mail", "lark-new"})
-	assertStrings(t, got.Added, []string{"lark-calendar", "lark-mail", "lark-new"})
-	assertStrings(t, got.SkippedDeleted, []string{})
-}
-
-func TestPlanForceRestoresAllOfficial(t *testing.T) {
-	got := PlanSync(SyncInput{
-		Version:        "1.0.33",
-		OfficialSkills: []string{"lark-calendar", "lark-mail", "lark-new"},
-		LocalSkills:    []string{"lark-calendar"},
-		PreviousState:  &SkillsState{OfficialSkills: []string{"lark-calendar", "lark-mail"}},
-		StateReadable:  true,
-		Force:          true,
-	})
-
-	assertStrings(t, got.ToUpdate, []string{"lark-calendar", "lark-mail", "lark-new"})
-	assertStrings(t, got.Added, []string{})
-	assertStrings(t, got.SkippedDeleted, []string{})
-}
-
-type fakeSkillsRunner struct {
-	officialOut string
-	globalOut   string
-	officialErr error
-	globalErr   error
-	installErr  map[string]error
-	installed   []string
-}
-
-func (f *fakeSkillsRunner) ListOfficialSkills() *selfupdate.NpmResult {
-	r := &selfupdate.NpmResult{}
-	r.Stdout.WriteString(f.officialOut)
-	r.Err = f.officialErr
-	return r
-}
-
-func (f *fakeSkillsRunner) ListGlobalSkills() *selfupdate.NpmResult {
-	r := &selfupdate.NpmResult{}
-	r.Stdout.WriteString(f.globalOut)
-	r.Err = f.globalErr
-	return r
-}
-
-func (f *fakeSkillsRunner) InstallSkill(name string) *selfupdate.NpmResult {
-	f.installed = append(f.installed, name)
-	r := &selfupdate.NpmResult{}
-	if f.installErr != nil {
-		r.Err = f.installErr[name]
-	}
-	return r
-}
-
-func TestSyncSkills_WritesStateAndDoesNotWriteStamp(t *testing.T) {
-	dir := t.TempDir()
-	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", dir)
-	if err := WriteState(SkillsState{
-		Version:        "1.0.30",
-		OfficialSkills: []string{"lark-calendar", "lark-mail"},
-		UpdatedAt:      "2026-05-18T00:00:00Z",
-	}); err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-
-	runner := &fakeSkillsRunner{
-		officialOut: "lark-calendar\nlark-mail\nlark-new\n",
-		globalOut:   "lark-calendar\nlark-custom\n",
-	}
-	result := SyncSkills(SyncOptions{
-		Version: "1.0.33",
-		Runner:  runner,
-		Now:     func() time.Time { return time.Date(2026, 5, 18, 12, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC) },
-	})
-
-	if result.Err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("SyncSkills() err = %v, want nil", result.Err)
-	}
-	assertStrings(t, runner.installed, []string{"lark-calendar", "lark-new"})
-
-	state, readable, err := ReadState()
-	if err != nil || !readable {
-		t.Fatalf("ReadState() = (_, %v, %v), want readable", readable, err)
-	}
-	assertStrings(t, state.OfficialSkills, []string{"lark-calendar", "lark-mail", "lark-new"})
-	assertStrings(t, state.UpdatedSkills, []string{"lark-calendar", "lark-new"})
-	assertStrings(t, state.AddedSkills, []string{"lark-new"})
-	assertStrings(t, state.SkippedDeletedSkills, []string{"lark-mail"})
-	if _, err := os.Stat(filepath.Join(dir, "skills.stamp")); !os.IsNotExist(err) {
-		t.Fatalf("skills.stamp exists or stat failed with unexpected err: %v", err)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestSyncSkills_ListFailureDoesNotInstallOrWriteState(t *testing.T) {
-	dir := t.TempDir()
-	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", dir)
-	runner := &fakeSkillsRunner{officialErr: fmt.Errorf("list failed")}
-
-	result := SyncSkills(SyncOptions{Version: "1.0.33", Runner: runner, Now: time.Now})
-	if result.Err == nil || !strings.Contains(result.Err.Error(), "failed to list official skills") {
-		t.Fatalf("SyncSkills() err = %v, want official list failure", result.Err)
-	}
-	if len(runner.installed) != 0 {
-		t.Fatalf("installed = %#v, want none", runner.installed)
-	}
-	if _, readable, err := ReadState(); err != nil || readable {
-		t.Fatalf("ReadState() = (_, %v, %v), want unreadable missing state", readable, err)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestSyncSkills_GlobalListFailureDoesNotInstallOrWriteState(t *testing.T) {
-	dir := t.TempDir()
-	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", dir)
-	runner := &fakeSkillsRunner{
-		officialOut: "lark-calendar\nlark-mail\n",
-		globalErr:   fmt.Errorf("global list failed"),
-	}
-
-	result := SyncSkills(SyncOptions{Version: "1.0.33", Runner: runner, Now: time.Now})
-	if result.Err == nil || !strings.Contains(result.Err.Error(), "failed to list installed skills") {
-		t.Fatalf("SyncSkills() err = %v, want installed list failure", result.Err)
-	}
-	if len(runner.installed) != 0 {
-		t.Fatalf("installed = %#v, want none", runner.installed)
-	}
-	if _, readable, err := ReadState(); err != nil || readable {
-		t.Fatalf("ReadState() = (_, %v, %v), want unreadable missing state", readable, err)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestSyncSkills_InstallFailureContinuesAndDoesNotWriteState(t *testing.T) {
-	dir := t.TempDir()
-	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", dir)
-	runner := &fakeSkillsRunner{
-		officialOut: "lark-calendar\nlark-mail\n",
-		globalOut:   "lark-calendar\nlark-mail\n",
-		installErr:  map[string]error{"lark-calendar": fmt.Errorf("boom")},
-	}
-
-	result := SyncSkills(SyncOptions{Version: "1.0.33", Runner: runner, Now: time.Now})
-	if result.Err == nil || !strings.Contains(result.Err.Error(), "1 skill(s) failed") {
-		t.Fatalf("SyncSkills() err = %v, want install failure", result.Err)
-	}
-	assertStrings(t, runner.installed, []string{"lark-calendar", "lark-mail"})
-	assertStrings(t, result.Failed, []string{"lark-calendar"})
-	if !strings.Contains(result.Detail, "boom") {
-		t.Fatalf("SyncSkills() detail = %q, want install error text", result.Detail)
-	}
-	if _, readable, err := ReadState(); err != nil || readable {
-		t.Fatalf("ReadState() = (_, %v, %v), want no success state", readable, err)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestSyncSkills_NilRunnerFails(t *testing.T) {
-	result := SyncSkills(SyncOptions{Version: "1.0.33", Now: time.Now})
-	if result.Err == nil || !strings.Contains(result.Err.Error(), "skills runner is nil") {
-		t.Fatalf("SyncSkills() err = %v, want nil runner failure", result.Err)
-	}
-}
-
-func assertStrings(t *testing.T, got, want []string) {
-	t.Helper()
-	if !reflect.DeepEqual(got, want) {
-		t.Fatalf("got %#v, want %#v", got, want)
-	}
-}

package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@larksuite/cli",
-  "version": "1.0.34",
+  "version": "1.0.39",
   "description": "The official CLI for Lark/Feishu open platform",
   "bin": {
     "lark-cli": "scripts/run.js"

scripts/install-wizard.js

@@ -10,8 +10,6 @@ const p = require("@clack/prompts");
 const PKG = "@larksuite/cli";
 const SKILLS_REPO = "https://open.feishu.cn";
 const SKILLS_REPO_FALLBACK = "larksuite/cli";
-const CONFIG_DIR = process.env.LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR || path.join(process.env.HOME || process.env.USERPROFILE || "", ".lark-cli");
-const SKILLS_STATE_FILE = path.join(CONFIG_DIR, "skills-state.json");
 const isWindows = process.platform === "win32";
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -238,7 +236,7 @@ async function stepInstallGlobally(msg) {
 
   if (installedVer && !needsUpgrade) {
     p.log.info(fmt(msg.step1Skip, installedVer));
-    return installedVer;
+    return false;
   }
 
   const s = p.spinner();
@@ -250,111 +248,41 @@ async function stepInstallGlobally(msg) {
   try {
     await runSilentAsync("npm", ["install", "-g", PKG], { timeout: 120000 });
     s.stop(needsUpgrade ? fmt(msg.step1Upgraded, latestVer) : msg.step1Done);
-    return latestVer || getGloballyInstalledVersion() || installedVer || null;
+    return needsUpgrade;
   } catch (_) {
     s.stop(fmt(msg.step1Fail, PKG));
     process.exit(1);
   }
 }
 
-function parseSkillsList(text) {
-  const seen = new Set();
-  for (const rawLine of text.split("\n")) {
-    let token = rawLine.trim();
-    if (token.startsWith("-")) token = token.slice(1).trim();
-    if (!token || token.includes(" ") || token.endsWith(":")) continue;
-    if (!/^[A-Za-z0-9][A-Za-z0-9_:-]*(?:@\S+)?$/.test(token)) continue;
-    const at = token.indexOf("@");
-    if (at > 0) token = token.slice(0, at);
-    seen.add(token);
-  }
-  return [...seen].sort();
-}
-
-function readSkillsState() {
+async function skillsAlreadyInstalled() {
   try {
-    const state = JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync(SKILLS_STATE_FILE, "utf8"));
-    if (state.schema_version !== 1 || !Array.isArray(state.official_skills)) return null;
-    return state;
+    const out = await runSilentAsync("npx", ["-y", "skills", "ls", "-g"], {
+      timeout: 120000,
+    });
+    return /^lark-/m.test(out.toString());
   } catch (_) {
-    return null;
+    return false;
   }
 }
 
-function writeSkillsState(version, official, updated, added, skipped) {
-  if (!CONFIG_DIR) return;
-  fs.mkdirSync(CONFIG_DIR, { recursive: true, mode: 0o700 });
-  fs.writeFileSync(SKILLS_STATE_FILE, JSON.stringify({
-    schema_version: 1,
-    version,
-    official_skills: official,
-    updated_skills: updated,
-    added_skills: added,
-    skipped_deleted_skills: skipped,
-    updated_at: new Date().toISOString(),
-  }, null, 2) + "\n");
-}
-
-async function listOfficialSkills() {
-  try {
-    return parseSkillsList(await runSilentAsync("npx", ["-y", "skills", "add", SKILLS_REPO, "--list"], { timeout: 120000 }));
-  } catch (_) {
-    return parseSkillsList(await runSilentAsync("npx", ["-y", "skills", "add", SKILLS_REPO_FALLBACK, "--list"], { timeout: 120000 }));
-  }
-}
-
-async function listGlobalSkills() {
-  return parseSkillsList(await runSilentAsync("npx", ["-y", "skills", "ls", "-g"], { timeout: 120000 }));
-}
-
-function planSkillsSync(version, official, local, previousState) {
-  const officialSet = new Set(official);
-  const previousSet = new Set(previousState ? previousState.official_skills : []);
-  const localOfficial = local.filter((skill) => officialSet.has(skill));
-  const added = official.filter((skill) => !previousSet.has(skill));
-  const updateSet = new Set([...localOfficial, ...added]);
-  const updated = official.filter((skill) => updateSet.has(skill));
-  return {
-    version,
-    official,
-    updated,
-    added,
-    skipped: official.filter((skill) => !updateSet.has(skill)),
-  };
-}
-
-async function installSkill(name) {
-  try {
-    await runSilentAsync("npx", ["-y", "skills", "add", SKILLS_REPO, "-s", name, "-g", "-y"], { timeout: 120000 });
-  } catch (_) {
-    await runSilentAsync("npx", ["-y", "skills", "add", SKILLS_REPO_FALLBACK, "-s", name, "-g", "-y"], { timeout: 120000 });
-  }
-}
-
-async function stepInstallSkills(msg, cliVersion) {
+async function stepInstallSkills(msg) {
   const s = p.spinner();
   s.start(msg.step2Spinner);
   try {
-    const official = await listOfficialSkills();
-    const local = await listGlobalSkills();
-    const plan = planSkillsSync(cliVersion || "unknown", official, local, readSkillsState());
-    if (plan.updated.length === 0) {
-      writeSkillsState(plan.version, plan.official, plan.updated, plan.added, plan.skipped);
+    if (await skillsAlreadyInstalled()) {
       s.stop(msg.step2Skip);
       return;
     }
-    const failed = [];
-    for (const skill of plan.updated) {
-      try {
-        await installSkill(skill);
-      } catch (_) {
-        failed.push(skill);
-      }
+    try {
+      await runSilentAsync("npx", ["-y", "skills", "add", SKILLS_REPO, "-y", "-g"], {
+        timeout: 120000,
+      });
+    } catch (_) {
+      await runSilentAsync("npx", ["-y", "skills", "add", SKILLS_REPO_FALLBACK, "-y", "-g"], {
+        timeout: 120000,
+      });
     }
-    if (failed.length > 0) {
-      throw new Error(`${failed.length} skill(s) failed: ${failed.join(", ")}`);
-    }
-    writeSkillsState(plan.version, plan.official, plan.updated, plan.added, plan.skipped);
     s.stop(msg.step2Done);
   } catch (_) {
     s.stop(fmt(msg.step2Fail, SKILLS_REPO_FALLBACK));
@@ -433,15 +361,15 @@ async function main() {
 
   if (isInteractive) {
     p.intro(msg.setup);
-    const cliVersion = await stepInstallGlobally(msg);
-    await stepInstallSkills(msg, cliVersion);
+    await stepInstallGlobally(msg);
+    await stepInstallSkills(msg);
     await stepConfigInit(msg, lang);
     await stepAuthLogin(msg);
     p.outro(msg.done);
   } else {
     console.log(msg.setup);
-    const cliVersion = await stepInstallGlobally(msg);
-    await stepInstallSkills(msg, cliVersion);
+    await stepInstallGlobally(msg);
+    await stepInstallSkills(msg);
     console.log(msg.nonTtyHint);
   }
 }

shortcuts/apps/apps_access_scope_get.go

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package apps
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/output"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/validate"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/shortcuts/common"
+)
+
+// AppsAccessScopeGet reads the current access scope configuration of a Miaoda app.
+// 响应原样透传服务端契约（字符串 scope 枚举 All/Tenant/Range + 拆分的 users/departments/chats 数组）。
+var AppsAccessScopeGet = common.Shortcut{
+	Service:     appsService,
+	Command:     "+access-scope-get",
+	Description: "Get Miaoda app access scope configuration",
+	Risk:        "read",
+	Scopes:      []string{"spark:app.access_scope:read"},
+	AuthTypes:   []string{"user"},
+	HasFormat:   true,
+	Flags: []common.Flag{
+		{Name: "app-id", Desc: "app ID", Required: true},
+	},
+	Validate: func(ctx context.Context, rctx *common.RuntimeContext) error {
+		if strings.TrimSpace(rctx.Str("app-id")) == "" {
+			return output.ErrValidation("--app-id is required")
+		}
+		return nil
+	},
+	DryRun: func(ctx context.Context, rctx *common.RuntimeContext) *common.DryRunAPI {
+		appID := strings.TrimSpace(rctx.Str("app-id"))
+		return common.NewDryRunAPI().
+			GET(fmt.Sprintf("%s/apps/%s/access-scope", apiBasePath, validate.EncodePathSegment(appID))).
+			Desc("Get Miaoda app access scope")
+	},
+	Execute: func(ctx context.Context, rctx *common.RuntimeContext) error {
+		appID := strings.TrimSpace(rctx.Str("app-id"))
+		path := fmt.Sprintf("%s/apps/%s/access-scope", apiBasePath, validate.EncodePathSegment(appID))
+		data, err := rctx.CallAPI("GET", path, nil, nil)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		// 原样透传 — 保留服务端字符串枚举 (All/Tenant/Range)，不合并 users/departments/chats。
+		rctx.OutFormat(data, nil, func(w io.Writer) {
+			fmt.Fprintf(w, "scope: %v\n", data["scope"])
+		})
+		return nil
+	},
+}

shortcuts/apps/apps_access_scope_get_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package apps
+
+import (
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/httpmock"
+)
+
+func TestAppsAccessScopeGet_Specific(t *testing.T) {
+	factory, stdout, reg := newAppsExecuteFactory(t)
+	reg.Register(&httpmock.Stub{
+		Method: "GET",
+		URL:    "/open-apis/spark/v1/apps/app_x/access-scope",
+		Body: map[string]interface{}{
+			"code": 0,
+			"data": map[string]interface{}{
+				"scope":       "Range",
+				"users":       []interface{}{"ou_x", "ou_y"},
+				"departments": []interface{}{"od_z"},
+				"chats":       []interface{}{"oc_g"},
+				"apply_config": map[string]interface{}{
+					"enabled":   true,
+					"approvers": []interface{}{"ou_appr"},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	})
+
+	if err := runAppsShortcut(t, AppsAccessScopeGet,
+		[]string{"+access-scope-get", "--app-id", "app_x", "--as", "user"},
+		factory, stdout); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("execute err=%v", err)
+	}
+	got := stdout.String()
+	if !strings.Contains(got, `"scope": "Range"`) {
+		t.Fatalf("scope string not preserved (expect raw \"Range\"): %s", got)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(got, `"ou_x"`) || !strings.Contains(got, `"od_z"`) || !strings.Contains(got, `"oc_g"`) {
+		t.Fatalf("users/departments/chats fields missing in envelope: %s", got)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(got, `"ou_appr"`) {
+		t.Fatalf("apply_config.approvers missing: %s", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAppsAccessScopeGet_Public(t *testing.T) {
+	factory, stdout, reg := newAppsExecuteFactory(t)
+	reg.Register(&httpmock.Stub{
+		Method: "GET",
+		URL:    "/open-apis/spark/v1/apps/app_x/access-scope",
+		Body: map[string]interface{}{
+			"code": 0,
+			"data": map[string]interface{}{"scope": "All", "require_login": false},
+		},
+	})
+
+	if err := runAppsShortcut(t, AppsAccessScopeGet,
+		[]string{"+access-scope-get", "--app-id", "app_x", "--as", "user"},
+		factory, stdout); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("execute err=%v", err)
+	}
+	got := stdout.String()
+	if !strings.Contains(got, `"scope": "All"`) {
+		t.Fatalf("scope=All missing: %s", got)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(got, `"require_login": false`) {
+		t.Fatalf("require_login missing: %s", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAppsAccessScopeGet_Tenant(t *testing.T) {
+	factory, stdout, reg := newAppsExecuteFactory(t)
+	reg.Register(&httpmock.Stub{
+		Method: "GET",
+		URL:    "/open-apis/spark/v1/apps/app_x/access-scope",
+		Body: map[string]interface{}{
+			"code": 0,
+			"data": map[string]interface{}{"scope": "Tenant"},
+		},
+	})
+
+	if err := runAppsShortcut(t, AppsAccessScopeGet,
+		[]string{"+access-scope-get", "--app-id", "app_x", "--as", "user"},
+		factory, stdout); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("execute err=%v", err)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(stdout.String(), `"scope": "Tenant"`) {
+		t.Fatalf("scope=Tenant missing: %s", stdout.String())
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAppsAccessScopeGet_RequiresAppID(t *testing.T) {
+	factory, stdout, _ := newAppsExecuteFactory(t)
+	err := runAppsShortcut(t, AppsAccessScopeGet,
+		[]string{"+access-scope-get", "--as", "user"}, factory, stdout)
+	if err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "app-id") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected --app-id required, got %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAppsAccessScopeGet_TrimsAppIDInPath(t *testing.T) {
+	// 与 +update 的 D1.2 修复对称：URL 拼接前必须 TrimSpace(app-id)，
+	// 否则 " app_x " 会被 EncodePathSegment 编码进 path segment 出现空格转义。
+	factory, stdout, reg := newAppsExecuteFactory(t)
+	reg.Register(&httpmock.Stub{
+		Method: "GET",
+		URL:    "/open-apis/spark/v1/apps/app_x/access-scope",
+		Body: map[string]interface{}{
+			"code": 0,
+			"data": map[string]interface{}{"scope": "Tenant"},
+		},
+	})
+
+	if err := runAppsShortcut(t, AppsAccessScopeGet,
+		[]string{"+access-scope-get", "--app-id", "  app_x  ", "--as", "user"},
+		factory, stdout); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("execute err=%v", err)
+	}
+}

shortcuts/apps/apps_access_scope_set.go

@@ -0,0 +1,208 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package apps
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/output"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/validate"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/shortcuts/common"
+)
+
+var allowedAccessTargetTypes = map[string]bool{
+	"user":       true,
+	"department": true,
+	"chat":       true,
+}
+
+// AppsAccessScopeSet sets the app's access scope (specific / public / tenant).
+var AppsAccessScopeSet = common.Shortcut{
+	Service:     appsService,
+	Command:     "+access-scope-set",
+	Description: "Set Miaoda app access scope (specific / public / tenant)",
+	Risk:        "write",
+	Scopes:      []string{"spark:app.access_scope:write"},
+	AuthTypes:   []string{"user"},
+	HasFormat:   true,
+	Flags: []common.Flag{
+		{Name: "app-id", Desc: "app ID", Required: true},
+		{Name: "scope", Desc: "scope: specific | public | tenant", Required: true, Enum: []string{"specific", "public", "tenant"}},
+		{Name: "targets", Desc: `targets JSON array: [{"type":"user|department|chat","id":"..."}, ...]`},
+		{Name: "apply-enabled", Type: "bool", Desc: "allow apply for access (scope=specific)"},
+		{Name: "approver", Desc: "approver open_id (when --apply-enabled; server allows exactly one)"},
+		{Name: "require-login", Type: "bool", Desc: "require login (scope=public)"},
+	},
+	Validate: func(ctx context.Context, rctx *common.RuntimeContext) error {
+		if strings.TrimSpace(rctx.Str("app-id")) == "" {
+			return output.ErrValidation("--app-id is required")
+		}
+		return validateAccessScopeFlags(rctx)
+	},
+	DryRun: func(ctx context.Context, rctx *common.RuntimeContext) *common.DryRunAPI {
+		appID := strings.TrimSpace(rctx.Str("app-id"))
+		dry := common.NewDryRunAPI().
+			PUT(fmt.Sprintf("%s/apps/%s/access-scope", apiBasePath, validate.EncodePathSegment(appID))).
+			Desc("Set Miaoda app access scope")
+		body, bodyErr := buildAccessScopeBody(rctx)
+		if bodyErr != nil {
+			dry.Set("body_error", bodyErr.Error())
+		} else {
+			dry.Body(body)
+		}
+		return dry
+	},
+	Execute: func(ctx context.Context, rctx *common.RuntimeContext) error {
+		body, err := buildAccessScopeBody(rctx)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		appID := strings.TrimSpace(rctx.Str("app-id"))
+		path := fmt.Sprintf("%s/apps/%s/access-scope", apiBasePath, validate.EncodePathSegment(appID))
+		data, err := rctx.CallAPI("PUT", path, nil, body)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		rctx.OutFormat(data, nil, func(w io.Writer) {
+			fmt.Fprintf(w, "access-scope set: %s\n", rctx.Str("scope"))
+		})
+		return nil
+	},
+}
+
+func validateAccessScopeFlags(rctx *common.RuntimeContext) error {
+	scope := rctx.Str("scope")
+	targets := strings.TrimSpace(rctx.Str("targets"))
+	applyEnabled := rctx.Bool("apply-enabled")
+	approver := strings.TrimSpace(rctx.Str("approver"))
+	requireLogin := rctx.Bool("require-login")
+
+	switch scope {
+	case "specific":
+		if targets == "" {
+			return output.ErrValidation("--targets is required when --scope=specific")
+		}
+		if err := validateTargetsJSON(targets); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if approver != "" && !applyEnabled {
+			return output.ErrValidation("--approver requires --apply-enabled")
+		}
+		if requireLogin {
+			return output.ErrValidation("--require-login is not allowed when --scope=specific")
+		}
+	case "public":
+		if targets != "" {
+			return output.ErrValidation("--targets is not allowed when --scope=public")
+		}
+		if applyEnabled {
+			return output.ErrValidation("--apply-enabled is not allowed when --scope=public")
+		}
+		if approver != "" {
+			return output.ErrValidation("--approver is not allowed when --scope=public")
+		}
+		if !rctx.Cmd.Flags().Changed("require-login") {
+			return output.ErrValidation("--require-login is required when --scope=public (pass true or false explicitly; do not rely on the default)")
+		}
+	case "tenant":
+		if targets != "" || applyEnabled || approver != "" || requireLogin {
+			return output.ErrValidation("no extra flags allowed when --scope=tenant")
+		}
+	default:
+		return output.ErrValidation("--scope must be specific / public / tenant")
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func validateTargetsJSON(targetsJSON string) error {
+	var items []map[string]interface{}
+	if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(targetsJSON), &items); err != nil {
+		return output.ErrValidation("--targets is not valid JSON: %v", err)
+	}
+	if len(items) == 0 {
+		return output.ErrValidation("--targets must contain at least one entry; specific scope requires concrete user/department/chat ids")
+	}
+	for i, t := range items {
+		typ, _ := t["type"].(string)
+		if !allowedAccessTargetTypes[typ] {
+			return output.ErrValidation("--targets[%d].type %q must be one of: user / department / chat", i, typ)
+		}
+		if id, _ := t["id"].(string); strings.TrimSpace(id) == "" {
+			return output.ErrValidation("--targets[%d].id is empty", i)
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// scopeStringToServerEnum 把 CLI 友好的 scope 字符串映射成后端字符串枚举。
+// CLI 用户 / Agent 仍然写 specific / public / tenant，body 里发后端枚举名。
+// 后端语义：All=互联网公开 / Tenant=组织内 / Range=部分人员。
+var scopeStringToServerEnum = map[string]string{
+	"public":   "All",
+	"tenant":   "Tenant",
+	"specific": "Range",
+}
+
+func buildAccessScopeBody(rctx *common.RuntimeContext) (map[string]interface{}, error) {
+	scope := rctx.Str("scope")
+	enum, ok := scopeStringToServerEnum[scope]
+	if !ok {
+		return nil, output.ErrValidation("--scope must be specific / public / tenant, got %q", scope)
+	}
+	body := map[string]interface{}{"scope": enum}
+
+	switch scope {
+	case "specific":
+		// 用户传统一格式 [{type:user|department|chat, id:...}]，body 里拆 3 个并列数组发后端。
+		var targets []map[string]interface{}
+		if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(rctx.Str("targets")), &targets); err != nil {
+			return nil, output.ErrValidation("--targets is not valid JSON: %v", err)
+		}
+		users, departments, chats := splitAccessScopeTargets(targets)
+		if len(users) > 0 {
+			body["users"] = users
+		}
+		if len(departments) > 0 {
+			body["departments"] = departments
+		}
+		if len(chats) > 0 {
+			body["chats"] = chats
+		}
+		if rctx.Bool("apply-enabled") {
+			applyConfig := map[string]interface{}{"enabled": true}
+			if approver := strings.TrimSpace(rctx.Str("approver")); approver != "" {
+				applyConfig["approvers"] = []string{approver}
+			}
+			body["apply_config"] = applyConfig
+		}
+	case "public":
+		body["require_login"] = rctx.Bool("require-login")
+	}
+	return body, nil
+}
+
+// splitAccessScopeTargets 把统一 [{type,id}] 形态拆成后端要求的 users/departments/chats 三个数组。
+func splitAccessScopeTargets(targets []map[string]interface{}) (users, departments, chats []string) {
+	for _, t := range targets {
+		typ, _ := t["type"].(string)
+		id, _ := t["id"].(string)
+		id = strings.TrimSpace(id)
+		if id == "" {
+			continue
+		}
+		switch typ {
+		case "user":
+			users = append(users, id)
+		case "department":
+			departments = append(departments, id)
+		case "chat":
+			chats = append(chats, id)
+		}
+	}
+	return
+}

shortcuts/apps/apps_access_scope_set_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,203 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package apps
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/httpmock"
+)
+
+func TestAppsAccessScopeSet_Specific(t *testing.T) {
+	factory, stdout, reg := newAppsExecuteFactory(t)
+	stub := &httpmock.Stub{
+		Method: "PUT",
+		URL:    "/open-apis/spark/v1/apps/app_x/access-scope",
+		Body:   map[string]interface{}{"code": 0, "data": map[string]interface{}{}},
+	}
+	reg.Register(stub)
+
+	if err := runAppsShortcut(t, AppsAccessScopeSet, []string{
+		"+access-scope-set",
+		"--app-id", "app_x",
+		"--scope", "specific",
+		"--targets", `[{"type":"user","id":"ou_xxx"},{"type":"chat","id":"oc_xxx"}]`,
+		"--apply-enabled",
+		"--approver", "ou_yyy",
+		"--as", "user",
+	}, factory, stdout); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("execute err=%v", err)
+	}
+
+	var sent map[string]interface{}
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(stub.CapturedBody, &sent); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("decode body: %v", err)
+	}
+	// 新协议：scope 是 string 枚举 (specific=Range)，targets 拆成 users/departments/chats
+	if got, _ := sent["scope"].(string); got != "Range" {
+		t.Fatalf("scope = %v, want %q", sent["scope"], "Range")
+	}
+	if _, present := sent["targets"]; present {
+		t.Fatalf("legacy 'targets' field should not be sent: %v", sent)
+	}
+	users, _ := sent["users"].([]interface{})
+	if len(users) != 1 || users[0] != "ou_xxx" {
+		t.Fatalf("users = %v, want [ou_xxx]", sent["users"])
+	}
+	chats, _ := sent["chats"].([]interface{})
+	if len(chats) != 1 || chats[0] != "oc_xxx" {
+		t.Fatalf("chats = %v, want [oc_xxx]", sent["chats"])
+	}
+	if _, present := sent["departments"]; present {
+		t.Fatalf("departments should be omitted when empty: %v", sent)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAppsAccessScopeSet_Public(t *testing.T) {
+	factory, stdout, reg := newAppsExecuteFactory(t)
+	reg.Register(&httpmock.Stub{
+		Method: "PUT",
+		URL:    "/open-apis/spark/v1/apps/app_x/access-scope",
+		Body:   map[string]interface{}{"code": 0, "data": map[string]interface{}{}},
+	})
+
+	if err := runAppsShortcut(t, AppsAccessScopeSet, []string{
+		"+access-scope-set",
+		"--app-id", "app_x",
+		"--scope", "public",
+		"--require-login=false",
+		"--as", "user",
+	}, factory, stdout); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("execute err=%v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAppsAccessScopeSet_Tenant(t *testing.T) {
+	factory, stdout, reg := newAppsExecuteFactory(t)
+	reg.Register(&httpmock.Stub{
+		Method: "PUT",
+		URL:    "/open-apis/spark/v1/apps/app_x/access-scope",
+		Body:   map[string]interface{}{"code": 0, "data": map[string]interface{}{}},
+	})
+
+	if err := runAppsShortcut(t, AppsAccessScopeSet, []string{
+		"+access-scope-set",
+		"--app-id", "app_x",
+		"--scope", "tenant",
+		"--as", "user",
+	}, factory, stdout); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("execute err=%v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAppsAccessScopeSet_SpecificRequiresTargets(t *testing.T) {
+	factory, stdout, _ := newAppsExecuteFactory(t)
+	err := runAppsShortcut(t, AppsAccessScopeSet, []string{
+		"+access-scope-set", "--app-id", "app_x", "--scope", "specific", "--as", "user",
+	}, factory, stdout)
+	if err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "targets") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected targets required error, got %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAppsAccessScopeSet_TenantRejectsExtraFlags(t *testing.T) {
+	factory, stdout, _ := newAppsExecuteFactory(t)
+	err := runAppsShortcut(t, AppsAccessScopeSet, []string{
+		"+access-scope-set", "--app-id", "app_x", "--scope", "tenant",
+		"--targets", `[]`, "--as", "user",
+	}, factory, stdout)
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatalf("expected error when --targets passed with scope=tenant")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAppsAccessScopeSet_RejectsBadTargetType(t *testing.T) {
+	factory, stdout, _ := newAppsExecuteFactory(t)
+	err := runAppsShortcut(t, AppsAccessScopeSet, []string{
+		"+access-scope-set", "--app-id", "app_x",
+		"--scope", "specific",
+		"--targets", `[{"type":"group","id":"oc_xxx"}]`,
+		"--as", "user",
+	}, factory, stdout)
+	if err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "type") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected bad target type rejected, got %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAppsAccessScopeSet_ApproverRequiresApplyEnabled(t *testing.T) {
+	factory, stdout, _ := newAppsExecuteFactory(t)
+	err := runAppsShortcut(t, AppsAccessScopeSet, []string{
+		"+access-scope-set", "--app-id", "app_x",
+		"--scope", "specific",
+		"--targets", `[{"type":"user","id":"ou_x"}]`,
+		"--approver", "ou_y",
+		"--as", "user",
+	}, factory, stdout)
+	if err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "apply-enabled") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected --approver requires --apply-enabled, got %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAppsAccessScopeSet_PublicRejectsApprover(t *testing.T) {
+	// --approver 只在 specific + apply 流程下有意义；public 模式带它当前会被静默丢弃，
+	// 是真实用户语义 bug。这条测试钉死 Validate 阶段拦截。
+	factory, stdout, _ := newAppsExecuteFactory(t)
+	err := runAppsShortcut(t, AppsAccessScopeSet, []string{
+		"+access-scope-set", "--app-id", "app_x",
+		"--scope", "public",
+		"--require-login=false",
+		"--approver", "ou_y",
+		"--as", "user",
+	}, factory, stdout)
+	if err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "--approver is not allowed when --scope=public") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected --approver rejected for scope=public, got %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAppsAccessScopeSet_PublicRequiresExplicitRequireLogin(t *testing.T) {
+	// bare --scope public without --require-login defaults silently to
+	// require_login=false (Internet-public + no auth). Reject so the caller
+	// has to make an explicit choice; matches SKILL.md "public 必传 --require-login".
+	factory, stdout, _ := newAppsExecuteFactory(t)
+	err := runAppsShortcut(t, AppsAccessScopeSet, []string{
+		"+access-scope-set", "--app-id", "app_x",
+		"--scope", "public",
+		"--as", "user",
+	}, factory, stdout)
+	if err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "--require-login is required when --scope=public") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected --require-login required for public, got %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAppsAccessScopeSet_SpecificRejectsEmptyTargets(t *testing.T) {
+	factory, stdout, _ := newAppsExecuteFactory(t)
+	err := runAppsShortcut(t, AppsAccessScopeSet, []string{
+		"+access-scope-set", "--app-id", "app_x",
+		"--scope", "specific",
+		"--targets", "[]",
+		"--as", "user",
+	}, factory, stdout)
+	if err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "--targets must contain at least one entry") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected empty --targets rejected, got %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAppsAccessScopeSet_TrimsAppIDInPath(t *testing.T) {
+	factory, stdout, reg := newAppsExecuteFactory(t)
+	reg.Register(&httpmock.Stub{
+		Method: "PUT",
+		URL:    "/open-apis/spark/v1/apps/app_x/access-scope",
+		Body:   map[string]interface{}{"code": 0, "data": map[string]interface{}{}},
+	})
+
+	if err := runAppsShortcut(t, AppsAccessScopeSet, []string{
+		"+access-scope-set", "--app-id", "  app_x  ",
+		"--scope", "tenant",
+		"--as", "user",
+	}, factory, stdout); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("execute err=%v", err)
+	}
+}

shortcuts/apps/apps_create.go

@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package apps
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/output"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/shortcuts/common"
+)
+
+// AppsCreate creates a new Miaoda app.
+var AppsCreate = common.Shortcut{
+	Service:     appsService,
+	Command:     "+create",
+	Description: "Create a new Miaoda app",
+	Risk:        "write",
+	Scopes:      []string{"spark:app:write"},
+	AuthTypes:   []string{"user"},
+	HasFormat:   true,
+	Flags: []common.Flag{
+		{Name: "name", Desc: "app display name", Required: true},
+		{Name: "app-type", Desc: "app type (currently only: HTML)", Required: true},
+		{Name: "description", Desc: "app description"},
+		{Name: "icon-url", Desc: "app icon URL (server uses default if omitted)"},
+	},
+	Validate: func(ctx context.Context, rctx *common.RuntimeContext) error {
+		if strings.TrimSpace(rctx.Str("name")) == "" {
+			return output.ErrValidation("--name is required")
+		}
+		appType := strings.TrimSpace(rctx.Str("app-type"))
+		if appType == "" {
+			return output.ErrValidation("--app-type is required")
+		}
+		if !validAppTypes[appType] {
+			return output.ErrValidation(fmt.Sprintf("--app-type %q is not supported (allowed: HTML)", appType))
+		}
+		return nil
+	},
+	DryRun: func(ctx context.Context, rctx *common.RuntimeContext) *common.DryRunAPI {
+		return common.NewDryRunAPI().
+			POST(apiBasePath + "/apps").
+			Desc("Create a Miaoda app").
+			Body(buildAppsCreateBody(rctx))
+	},
+	Execute: func(ctx context.Context, rctx *common.RuntimeContext) error {
+		data, err := rctx.CallAPI("POST", apiBasePath+"/apps", nil, buildAppsCreateBody(rctx))
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		rctx.OutFormat(data, nil, func(w io.Writer) {
+			fmt.Fprintf(w, "created: %s\n", common.GetString(data, "app_id"))
+		})
+		return nil
+	},
+}
+
+// 应用类型枚举。当前只有 HTML，未来会扩展（SPA、NATIVE、...）。
+var validAppTypes = map[string]bool{
+	"HTML": true,
+}
+
+func buildAppsCreateBody(rctx *common.RuntimeContext) map[string]interface{} {
+	body := map[string]interface{}{
+		"name":     strings.TrimSpace(rctx.Str("name")),
+		"app_type": strings.TrimSpace(rctx.Str("app-type")),
+	}
+	if desc := strings.TrimSpace(rctx.Str("description")); desc != "" {
+		body["description"] = desc
+	}
+	if icon := strings.TrimSpace(rctx.Str("icon-url")); icon != "" {
+		body["icon_url"] = icon
+	}
+	return body
+}

shortcuts/apps/apps_create_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package apps
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/httpmock"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/shortcuts/common"
+)
+
+// 测试基础设施 —— 后续 Task 2.2-2.4 / Task 3.4 复用
+
+func newAppsExecuteFactory(t *testing.T) (*cmdutil.Factory, *bytes.Buffer, *httpmock.Registry) {
+	t.Helper()
+	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", t.TempDir())
+	cfg := &core.CliConfig{
+		AppID:      "test-app-" + strings.ToLower(t.Name()),
+		AppSecret:  "test-secret",
+		Brand:      core.BrandFeishu,
+		UserOpenId: "ou_test",
+	}
+	factory, stdout, _, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, cfg)
+	return factory, stdout, reg
+}
+
+func runAppsShortcut(t *testing.T, sc common.Shortcut, args []string, factory *cmdutil.Factory, stdout *bytes.Buffer) error {
+	t.Helper()
+	parent := &cobra.Command{Use: "apps"}
+	sc.Mount(parent, factory)
+	parent.SetArgs(args)
+	parent.SilenceErrors = true
+	parent.SilenceUsage = true
+	if stdout != nil {
+		stdout.Reset()
+	}
+	return parent.ExecuteContext(context.Background())
+}
+
+// +create 测试
+
+func TestAppsCreate_Success(t *testing.T) {
+	factory, stdout, reg := newAppsExecuteFactory(t)
+	stub := &httpmock.Stub{
+		Method: "POST",
+		URL:    "/open-apis/spark/v1/apps",
+		Body: map[string]interface{}{
+			"code": 0,
+			"data": map[string]interface{}{
+				"app_id":     "app_x",
+				"name":       "Demo",
+				"icon_url":   "https://lf3-static.bytednsdoc.com/.../default.svg",
+				"created_at": "2026-05-18T10:00:00Z",
+			},
+		},
+	}
+	reg.Register(stub)
+
+	if err := runAppsShortcut(t, AppsCreate,
+		[]string{"+create", "--name", "Demo", "--app-type", "HTML", "--description", "d", "--as", "user"},
+		factory, stdout); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("execute err=%v", err)
+	}
+	if got := stdout.String(); !strings.Contains(got, `"app_id": "app_x"`) {
+		t.Fatalf("stdout missing app_id: %s", got)
+	}
+
+	var sent map[string]interface{}
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(stub.CapturedBody, &sent); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("decode body: %v", err)
+	}
+	if sent["name"] != "Demo" {
+		t.Fatalf("body.name = %v", sent["name"])
+	}
+	if sent["app_type"] != "HTML" {
+		t.Fatalf("body.app_type = %v (want HTML)", sent["app_type"])
+	}
+	if sent["description"] != "d" {
+		t.Fatalf("body.description = %v", sent["description"])
+	}
+	if _, present := sent["icon_url"]; present {
+		t.Fatalf("icon_url should be omitted when not provided: %v", sent)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAppsCreate_WithIconURL(t *testing.T) {
+	factory, stdout, reg := newAppsExecuteFactory(t)
+	reg.Register(&httpmock.Stub{
+		Method: "POST",
+		URL:    "/open-apis/spark/v1/apps",
+		Body: map[string]interface{}{
+			"code": 0,
+			"data": map[string]interface{}{"app_id": "app_x", "name": "Demo"},
+		},
+	})
+
+	if err := runAppsShortcut(t, AppsCreate,
+		[]string{"+create", "--name", "Demo", "--app-type", "HTML", "--icon-url", "https://example.com/icon.svg", "--as", "user"},
+		factory, stdout); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("execute err=%v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAppsCreate_RequiresName(t *testing.T) {
+	factory, stdout, _ := newAppsExecuteFactory(t)
+	err := runAppsShortcut(t, AppsCreate, []string{"+create", "--app-type", "HTML", "--as", "user"}, factory, stdout)
+	if err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "name") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected name required error, got %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAppsCreate_RequiresAppType(t *testing.T) {
+	factory, stdout, _ := newAppsExecuteFactory(t)
+	err := runAppsShortcut(t, AppsCreate,
+		[]string{"+create", "--name", "Demo", "--as", "user"}, factory, stdout)
+	if err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "app-type") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected --app-type required error, got %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAppsCreate_RejectsInvalidAppType(t *testing.T) {
+	factory, stdout, _ := newAppsExecuteFactory(t)
+	err := runAppsShortcut(t, AppsCreate,
+		[]string{"+create", "--name", "Demo", "--app-type", "spa", "--as", "user"},
+		factory, stdout)
+	if err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "not supported") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected unsupported app-type error, got %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAppsCreate_DryRun(t *testing.T) {
+	factory, stdout, _ := newAppsExecuteFactory(t)
+	if err := runAppsShortcut(t, AppsCreate,
+		[]string{"+create", "--name", "Demo", "--app-type", "HTML", "--dry-run", "--as", "user"},
+		factory, stdout); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("dry-run err=%v", err)
+	}
+	got := stdout.String()
+	if !strings.Contains(got, "/open-apis/spark/v1/apps") {
+		t.Fatalf("dry-run missing endpoint: %s", got)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(got, `"name": "Demo"`) {
+		t.Fatalf("dry-run missing body: %s", got)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(got, `"app_type": "HTML"`) {
+		t.Fatalf("dry-run missing app_type: %s", got)
+	}
+}

shortcuts/apps/apps_html_publish.go

@@ -0,0 +1,192 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package apps
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/extension/fileio"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/output"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/validate"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/shortcuts/common"
+)
+
+// AppsHTMLPublish packs --path as tar.gz and uploads + publishes via one multipart POST.
+var AppsHTMLPublish = common.Shortcut{
+	Service:     appsService,
+	Command:     "+html-publish",
+	Description: "Publish HTML to a Miaoda app (single multipart POST returns the access URL)",
+	Risk:        "write",
+	Scopes:      []string{"spark:app:publish"},
+	AuthTypes:   []string{"user"},
+	HasFormat:   true,
+	Flags: []common.Flag{
+		{Name: "app-id", Desc: "Miaoda app ID", Required: true},
+		{Name: "path", Desc: "path to HTML file or directory", Required: true},
+	},
+	Validate: func(ctx context.Context, rctx *common.RuntimeContext) error {
+		if strings.TrimSpace(rctx.Str("app-id")) == "" {
+			return output.ErrValidation("--app-id is required")
+		}
+		path := strings.TrimSpace(rctx.Str("path"))
+		if path == "" {
+			return output.ErrValidation("--path is required")
+		}
+		// Reject --path equal to the current working directory. Publishing
+		// cwd recursively packs .git/ / .env / node_modules / .aws/credentials
+		// alongside the intended HTML, and combined with --scope public puts
+		// those on an internet-reachable URL.
+		if filepath.Clean(path) == "." {
+			return output.ErrWithHint(output.ExitValidation, "validation",
+				"--path 不能指向当前工作目录（避免误把整个工程一并发布出去）",
+				"改成具体的子目录或文件，如 './dist' / './public' / './index.html'")
+		}
+		return nil
+	},
+	DryRun: func(ctx context.Context, rctx *common.RuntimeContext) *common.DryRunAPI {
+		appID := strings.TrimSpace(rctx.Str("app-id"))
+		path := strings.TrimSpace(rctx.Str("path"))
+		dry := common.NewDryRunAPI()
+		dry.Desc("Upload tar.gz + publish HTML (multipart, returns url)")
+		dry.POST(fmt.Sprintf("%s/apps/%s/upload_and_release_html_code", apiBasePath, validate.EncodePathSegment(appID))).
+			Set("content_type", "multipart/form-data")
+
+		candidates, err := walkHTMLPublishCandidates(rctx.FileIO(), path)
+		if err != nil {
+			dry.Set("path_error", err.Error())
+			return dry
+		}
+		if err := ensureIndexHTML(candidates); err != nil {
+			// Surface the same failure Execute would hit, but as a structured
+			// envelope field so dry-run still exits 0 (matches repo convention
+			// for dry-run "advisory preview" semantics).
+			dry.Set("validation_error", err.Error())
+		}
+		dry.Set("file_count", len(candidates))
+		var totalSize int64
+		names := make([]string, 0, len(candidates))
+		for _, c := range candidates {
+			totalSize += c.Size
+			names = append(names, c.RelPath)
+		}
+		dry.Set("total_size_bytes", totalSize)
+		dry.Set("files", names)
+		// Advisory scan: surface paths matching well-known secret / credential
+		// patterns so the caller can review before going public. Dry-run still
+		// exits 0; this is non-blocking by design (legit doc sites may ship
+		// example .env files).
+		var warnings []string
+		for _, c := range candidates {
+			if isSensitiveRelPath(c.RelPath) {
+				warnings = append(warnings, c.RelPath)
+			}
+		}
+		if len(warnings) > 0 {
+			dry.Set("warnings", warnings)
+			dry.Set("warning_summary", fmt.Sprintf("manifest contains %d sensitive path(s); review before publishing", len(warnings)))
+		}
+		return dry
+	},
+	Execute: func(ctx context.Context, rctx *common.RuntimeContext) error {
+		spec := appsHTMLPublishSpec{
+			AppID: strings.TrimSpace(rctx.Str("app-id")),
+			Path:  strings.TrimSpace(rctx.Str("path")),
+		}
+		client := appsHTMLPublishAPI{runtime: rctx}
+		out, err := runHTMLPublish(ctx, rctx.FileIO(), client, spec)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		rctx.OutFormat(out, nil, func(w io.Writer) {
+			if url, ok := out["url"].(string); ok && url != "" {
+				fmt.Fprintf(w, "url: %s\n", url)
+			}
+		})
+		return nil
+	},
+}
+
+type appsHTMLPublishSpec struct {
+	AppID string
+	Path  string
+}
+
+// maxHTMLPublishTarballBytes 是 client 端 tar.gz 包体上限，对齐 OAPI 设计 20MB 约束。
+// 用 var 而非 const，便于单测调小覆盖拦截路径。
+var maxHTMLPublishTarballBytes int64 = 20 * 1024 * 1024
+
+// maxHTMLPublishRawBytes caps the total UNCOMPRESSED candidate size before
+// tar+gzip writes them into the in-memory buffer. Defends against
+// highly-compressible "decompression bomb" inputs (e.g. 50GB of zeros)
+// that would balloon process memory before the gzip-after check fires.
+// 200MB is much higher than any plausible legitimate HTML/static-site
+// payload but low enough to stay well under typical container memory.
+// Mutable for tests.
+var maxHTMLPublishRawBytes int64 = 200 * 1024 * 1024
+
+// ensureIndexHTML 要求 walker 抓到的 candidates 里必须含 index.html。
+// 目录形态：根目录下必须有 index.html。
+// 单文件形态：文件名必须就是 index.html。
+// 妙搭服务端用 index.html 作为应用入口。
+func ensureIndexHTML(candidates []htmlPublishCandidate) error {
+	for _, c := range candidates {
+		if c.RelPath == "index.html" {
+			return nil
+		}
+	}
+	return output.ErrWithHint(output.ExitAPI, "validation",
+		"--path 中缺少 index.html",
+		"妙搭以 index.html 作为应用入口；目录形态把首页放在根目录命名 index.html，单文件形态把文件命名为 index.html")
+}
+
+func runHTMLPublish(ctx context.Context, fio fileio.FileIO, client appsHTMLPublishClient, spec appsHTMLPublishSpec) (map[string]interface{}, error) {
+	// Defense in depth: callers reaching runHTMLPublish bypass the shortcut's
+	// Validate closure. Re-check that --path is not cwd before walking.
+	if filepath.Clean(spec.Path) == "." {
+		return nil, output.ErrWithHint(output.ExitValidation, "validation",
+			"--path 不能指向当前工作目录（避免误把整个工程一并发布出去）",
+			"改成具体的子目录或文件，如 './dist' / './public' / './index.html'")
+	}
+	candidates, err := walkHTMLPublishCandidates(fio, spec.Path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, output.Errorf(output.ExitAPI, "io", "scan --path %s: %v", spec.Path, err)
+	}
+	if err := ensureIndexHTML(candidates); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	var rawTotal int64
+	for _, c := range candidates {
+		rawTotal += c.Size
+	}
+	if rawTotal > maxHTMLPublishRawBytes {
+		return nil, output.ErrWithHint(output.ExitAPI, "validation",
+			fmt.Sprintf("--path total raw bytes %d exceeds %d bytes limit (uncompressed pre-pack cap)", rawTotal, maxHTMLPublishRawBytes),
+			"在 tar+gzip 进入内存前拦截，避免 OOM；精简 --path 内容或选择更小的子目录")
+	}
+	tarball, err := buildHTMLPublishTarball(fio, candidates)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, output.Errorf(output.ExitAPI, "io", "pack: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if tarball.Size > maxHTMLPublishTarballBytes {
+		return nil, output.ErrWithHint(output.ExitAPI, "validation",
+			fmt.Sprintf("packed tar.gz size %d bytes exceeds %d bytes limit", tarball.Size, maxHTMLPublishTarballBytes),
+			"请精简 --path 目录（去掉无关大文件 / 压缩资源）后重试；本期接口上限 20MB")
+	}
+
+	resp, err := client.HTMLPublish(ctx, spec.AppID, tarball)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	out := map[string]interface{}{}
+	if resp.URL != "" {
+		out["url"] = resp.URL
+	}
+	return out, nil
+}

shortcuts/apps/apps_html_publish_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,338 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package apps
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/output"
+)
+
+type fakeAppsHTMLPublishClient struct {
+	resp  *htmlPublishResponse
+	err   error
+	calls []string
+}
+
+func (f *fakeAppsHTMLPublishClient) HTMLPublish(ctx context.Context, appID string, tarball *htmlPublishTarball) (*htmlPublishResponse, error) {
+	f.calls = append(f.calls, appID)
+	if f.err != nil {
+		return nil, f.err
+	}
+	return f.resp, nil
+}
+
+func writeAppsSampleSite(t *testing.T) string {
+	t.Helper()
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	if err := os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(dir, "index.html"), []byte("<html></html>"), 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("write fixture: %v", err)
+	}
+	return dir
+}
+
+func TestRunHTMLPublish_HappyPath(t *testing.T) {
+	site := writeAppsSampleSite(t)
+	fake := &fakeAppsHTMLPublishClient{
+		resp: &htmlPublishResponse{URL: "https://miaoda/app_x"},
+	}
+	out, err := runHTMLPublish(context.Background(), newTestFIO(), fake, appsHTMLPublishSpec{AppID: "app_x", Path: site})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("err=%v", err)
+	}
+	if out["url"] != "https://miaoda/app_x" {
+		t.Fatalf("url=%v", out["url"])
+	}
+	if len(fake.calls) != 1 || fake.calls[0] != "app_x" {
+		t.Fatalf("calls=%v", fake.calls)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRunHTMLPublish_OnlyURLInEnvelope(t *testing.T) {
+	// Pin 概要设计 §5.3 不变量 4 "同步语义不会变成异步":
+	// envelope 只含 url，未来若有人加 status / release_id 字段会被这个测试拦截。
+	site := writeAppsSampleSite(t)
+	fake := &fakeAppsHTMLPublishClient{
+		resp: &htmlPublishResponse{URL: "https://miaoda/app_x"},
+	}
+	out, err := runHTMLPublish(context.Background(), newTestFIO(), fake, appsHTMLPublishSpec{AppID: "app_x", Path: site})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("err=%v", err)
+	}
+	if len(out) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("envelope should only contain 'url', got %d keys: %v", len(out), out)
+	}
+	if _, ok := out["url"]; !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("envelope missing 'url': %v", out)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRunHTMLPublish_ClientErrorPropagated(t *testing.T) {
+	site := writeAppsSampleSite(t)
+	wantErr := errors.New("server timeout")
+	fake := &fakeAppsHTMLPublishClient{err: wantErr}
+	_, err := runHTMLPublish(context.Background(), newTestFIO(), fake, appsHTMLPublishSpec{AppID: "app_x", Path: site})
+	if !errors.Is(err, wantErr) {
+		t.Fatalf("err=%v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRunHTMLPublish_PathNotFound(t *testing.T) {
+	fake := &fakeAppsHTMLPublishClient{}
+	_, err := runHTMLPublish(context.Background(), newTestFIO(), fake, appsHTMLPublishSpec{AppID: "app_x", Path: "/nonexistent"})
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatalf("expected error")
+	}
+	if len(fake.calls) != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("client should not be called when path invalid")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRunHTMLPublish_DirRequiresIndexHTML(t *testing.T) {
+	// 目录形态：缺 index.html 应该被拦
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	if err := os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(dir, "foo.html"), []byte("<html></html>"), 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("write: %v", err)
+	}
+	fake := &fakeAppsHTMLPublishClient{}
+	_, err := runHTMLPublish(context.Background(), newTestFIO(), fake, appsHTMLPublishSpec{AppID: "app_x", Path: dir})
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatalf("expected error for missing index.html")
+	}
+	var exitErr *output.ExitError
+	if !errors.As(err, &exitErr) || exitErr.Detail == nil {
+		t.Fatalf("expected ExitError with detail, got %v", err)
+	}
+	if exitErr.Detail.Type != "validation" {
+		t.Fatalf("error.type = %q, want validation", exitErr.Detail.Type)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(exitErr.Detail.Message, "index.html") {
+		t.Fatalf("message missing 'index.html': %v", exitErr.Detail.Message)
+	}
+	if exitErr.Detail.Hint == "" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected non-empty hint")
+	}
+	if len(fake.calls) != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("client should not be called when index.html missing")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRunHTMLPublish_DirWithIndexHTMLPasses(t *testing.T) {
+	// 目录含 index.html 应该正常走完
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	if err := os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(dir, "index.html"), []byte("<html></html>"), 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("write fixture: %v", err)
+	}
+	if err := os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(dir, "extra.html"), []byte("<html></html>"), 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("write fixture: %v", err)
+	}
+	fake := &fakeAppsHTMLPublishClient{resp: &htmlPublishResponse{URL: "https://miaoda/app_x"}}
+	if _, err := runHTMLPublish(context.Background(), newTestFIO(), fake, appsHTMLPublishSpec{AppID: "app_x", Path: dir}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("err=%v", err)
+	}
+	if len(fake.calls) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("client should be called when index.html present")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRunHTMLPublish_SingleFileRejectedIfNotNamedIndex(t *testing.T) {
+	// 单文件形态：文件名不是 index.html 也要拦
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	single := filepath.Join(dir, "foo.html")
+	if err := os.WriteFile(single, []byte("<html></html>"), 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("write fixture: %v", err)
+	}
+	fake := &fakeAppsHTMLPublishClient{}
+	_, err := runHTMLPublish(context.Background(), newTestFIO(), fake, appsHTMLPublishSpec{AppID: "app_x", Path: single})
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatalf("single-file path 'foo.html' should be rejected (not named index.html)")
+	}
+	var exitErr *output.ExitError
+	if !errors.As(err, &exitErr) || exitErr.Detail == nil || exitErr.Detail.Type != "validation" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected ExitError type=validation, got %v", err)
+	}
+	if len(fake.calls) != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("client must not be called when index.html missing")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRunHTMLPublish_SingleFileNamedIndexPasses(t *testing.T) {
+	// 单文件形态：文件名恰好就是 index.html → 放行
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	single := filepath.Join(dir, "index.html")
+	if err := os.WriteFile(single, []byte("<html></html>"), 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("write fixture: %v", err)
+	}
+	fake := &fakeAppsHTMLPublishClient{resp: &htmlPublishResponse{URL: "https://miaoda/app_x"}}
+	if _, err := runHTMLPublish(context.Background(), newTestFIO(), fake, appsHTMLPublishSpec{AppID: "app_x", Path: single}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("err=%v", err)
+	}
+	if len(fake.calls) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("client should be called for single index.html")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRunHTMLPublish_RejectsOversizeTarball(t *testing.T) {
+	// 把上限调到 100 字节验证拦截，defer 恢复原值避免污染其它测试。
+	orig := maxHTMLPublishTarballBytes
+	maxHTMLPublishTarballBytes = 100
+	defer func() { maxHTMLPublishTarballBytes = orig }()
+
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	// 写 index.html（满足新加的 index 校验）+ 大文件超 100 字节上限。
+	if err := os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(dir, "index.html"), []byte("<html></html>"), 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("write: %v", err)
+	}
+	if err := os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(dir, "big.html"),
+		[]byte(strings.Repeat("x", 4096)), 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("write: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	fake := &fakeAppsHTMLPublishClient{}
+	_, err := runHTMLPublish(context.Background(), newTestFIO(), fake, appsHTMLPublishSpec{AppID: "app_x", Path: dir})
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatalf("expected oversize error")
+	}
+	var exitErr *output.ExitError
+	if !errors.As(err, &exitErr) || exitErr.Detail == nil {
+		t.Fatalf("expected ExitError with detail, got %v", err)
+	}
+	if exitErr.Detail.Type != "validation" {
+		t.Fatalf("error.type = %q, want validation", exitErr.Detail.Type)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(exitErr.Detail.Message, "exceeds") {
+		t.Fatalf("message missing 'exceeds': %v", exitErr.Detail.Message)
+	}
+	if exitErr.Detail.Hint == "" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected non-empty hint")
+	}
+	if len(fake.calls) != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("client should not be called when tarball oversize")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestMaxHTMLPublishTarballBytes_Default(t *testing.T) {
+	// Pin 20MB 常量值，typo 到 20*1000*1024 之类会被拦截。
+	if maxHTMLPublishTarballBytes != 20*1024*1024 {
+		t.Fatalf("default = %d, want %d (20MiB)", maxHTMLPublishTarballBytes, 20*1024*1024)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAppsHTMLPublish_RequiresAppID(t *testing.T) {
+	site := writeAppsSampleSite(t)
+	factory, stdout, _ := newAppsExecuteFactory(t)
+	err := runAppsShortcut(t, AppsHTMLPublish,
+		[]string{"+html-publish", "--path", site}, factory, stdout)
+	// cobra Required:true may report flag name without "--" prefix
+	if err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "app-id") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected --app-id required, got %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAppsHTMLPublish_RequiresPath(t *testing.T) {
+	factory, stdout, _ := newAppsExecuteFactory(t)
+	err := runAppsShortcut(t, AppsHTMLPublish,
+		[]string{"+html-publish", "--app-id", "app_x"}, factory, stdout)
+	if err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "path") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected --path required, got %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAppsHTMLPublish_DryRunPrintsManifest(t *testing.T) {
+	// 这个用例走真实 shortcut → 真实 LocalFileIO（cwd-bounded）。
+	// 必须 chdir 进 tmp 用相对路径，否则 SafeInputPath 会拒绝绝对 --path。
+	// --path "." 被 Validate 拒绝，因此改为在 tmp 下建 dist 子目录并传 ./dist。
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	cwd, err := os.Getwd()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("getwd: %v", err)
+	}
+	if err := os.Chdir(dir); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("chdir: %v", err)
+	}
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = os.Chdir(cwd) })
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(filepath.Join(dir, "dist"), 0o755); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("mkdir dist: %v", err)
+	}
+	if err := os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(dir, "dist", "index.html"), []byte("<html></html>"), 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("write: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	factory, stdout, _ := newAppsExecuteFactory(t)
+	if err := runAppsShortcut(t, AppsHTMLPublish,
+		[]string{"+html-publish", "--app-id", "app_x", "--path", "./dist", "--dry-run", "--as", "user"},
+		factory, stdout); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("dry-run err=%v", err)
+	}
+	got := stdout.String()
+	if !strings.Contains(got, "/open-apis/spark/v1/apps/app_x/upload_and_release_html_code") {
+		t.Fatalf("dry-run missing endpoint: %s", got)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(got, "index.html") {
+		t.Fatalf("dry-run missing file list: %s", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRunHTMLPublish_RejectsOversizeRawCandidates(t *testing.T) {
+	orig := maxHTMLPublishRawBytes
+	maxHTMLPublishRawBytes = 100
+	defer func() { maxHTMLPublishRawBytes = orig }()
+
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	if err := os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(dir, "index.html"), []byte("<html></html>"), 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("write: %v", err)
+	}
+	if err := os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(dir, "big.html"), []byte(strings.Repeat("x", 4096)), 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("write: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	fake := &fakeAppsHTMLPublishClient{}
+	_, err := runHTMLPublish(context.Background(), newTestFIO(), fake,
+		appsHTMLPublishSpec{AppID: "app_x", Path: dir})
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatalf("expected raw-size cap to fire")
+	}
+	var exitErr *output.ExitError
+	if !errors.As(err, &exitErr) || exitErr.Detail == nil {
+		t.Fatalf("expected ExitError with detail, got %v", err)
+	}
+	if exitErr.Detail.Type != "validation" {
+		t.Fatalf("error.type = %q, want validation", exitErr.Detail.Type)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(exitErr.Detail.Message, "raw") || !strings.Contains(exitErr.Detail.Message, "bytes") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected message to explain raw-byte cap, got %q", exitErr.Detail.Message)
+	}
+	if len(fake.calls) != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("client must not be called when raw cap hit")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRunHTMLPublish_RejectsCurrentDirectoryPath(t *testing.T) {
+	// Publishing the entire current working directory is the canonical
+	// secrets-exfiltration footgun (.git/.env/node_modules all end up in the
+	// tarball). Reject --path "." (and Clean equivalents) at runHTMLPublish
+	// entry so any direct caller cannot accidentally trigger it. (Validate
+	// also rejects at flag layer; this is defense in depth.)
+	fake := &fakeAppsHTMLPublishClient{}
+	_, err := runHTMLPublish(context.Background(), newTestFIO(), fake,
+		appsHTMLPublishSpec{AppID: "app_x", Path: "."})
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatalf("expected --path '.' to be rejected")
+	}
+	var exitErr *output.ExitError
+	if !errors.As(err, &exitErr) || exitErr.Detail == nil || exitErr.Detail.Type != "validation" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected ExitError type=validation, got %v", err)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(exitErr.Detail.Message, "当前工作目录") {
+		t.Fatalf("error message should explain cwd is forbidden, got %q", exitErr.Detail.Message)
+	}
+	if len(fake.calls) != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("client must not be called when --path is cwd")
+	}
+}

shortcuts/apps/apps_list.go

@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package apps
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"io"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/output"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/shortcuts/common"
+)
+
+// AppsList lists Miaoda apps owned by the calling user (cursor pagination).
+//
+// Hidden from --help / tab completion (Hidden: true) so agents do not discover it
+// as a way to enumerate / search applications. Direct invocation still works for
+// humans who know the command. When agents need an existing app_id, they should
+// ask the user to provide either the Miaoda app URL (extract app_id from the
+// path segment after /app/) or the app_id string directly; see lark-apps SKILL.md.
+var AppsList = common.Shortcut{
+	Service:     appsService,
+	Command:     "+list",
+	Description: "List Miaoda apps owned by the calling user (cursor pagination)",
+	Risk:        "read",
+	Scopes:      []string{"spark:app:read"},
+	AuthTypes:   []string{"user"},
+	HasFormat:   true,
+	Hidden:      true,
+	Flags: []common.Flag{
+		{Name: "page-size", Type: "int", Default: "20", Desc: "page size"},
+		{Name: "page-token", Desc: "pagination cursor from previous response"},
+	},
+	DryRun: func(ctx context.Context, rctx *common.RuntimeContext) *common.DryRunAPI {
+		return common.NewDryRunAPI().
+			GET(apiBasePath + "/apps").
+			Desc("List Miaoda apps").
+			Params(buildAppsListParams(rctx))
+	},
+	Execute: func(ctx context.Context, rctx *common.RuntimeContext) error {
+		data, err := rctx.CallAPI("GET", apiBasePath+"/apps", buildAppsListParams(rctx), nil)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		items, _ := data["items"].([]interface{})
+		rctx.OutFormat(data, nil, func(w io.Writer) {
+			// Table view (--format table) intentionally shows only the columns
+			// most useful for visual scanning: app_id (to copy-paste downstream),
+			// name (to match what the user sees in the UI), and updated_at (to
+			// pick the most recent variant). description / icon_url / created_at
+			// stay in the underlying JSON (--format json) but would make the
+			// table too wide for a terminal.
+			rows := make([]map[string]interface{}, 0, len(items))
+			for _, item := range items {
+				m, ok := item.(map[string]interface{})
+				if !ok {
+					continue
+				}
+				rows = append(rows, map[string]interface{}{
+					"app_id":     m["app_id"],
+					"name":       m["name"],
+					"updated_at": m["updated_at"],
+				})
+			}
+			output.PrintTable(w, rows)
+		})
+		return nil
+	},
+}
+
+func buildAppsListParams(rctx *common.RuntimeContext) map[string]interface{} {
+	params := map[string]interface{}{
+		"page_size": rctx.Int("page-size"),
+	}
+	if token := strings.TrimSpace(rctx.Str("page-token")); token != "" {
+		params["page_token"] = token
+	}
+	return params
+}

shortcuts/apps/apps_list_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package apps
+
+import (
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/httpmock"
+)
+
+func TestAppsList_FirstPage(t *testing.T) {
+	factory, stdout, reg := newAppsExecuteFactory(t)
+	stub := &httpmock.Stub{
+		Method: "GET",
+		URL:    "/open-apis/spark/v1/apps?page_size=20",
+		Body: map[string]interface{}{
+			"code": 0,
+			"data": map[string]interface{}{
+				"items": []interface{}{
+					map[string]interface{}{"app_id": "app_a", "name": "Alpha", "updated_at": "2026-05-18T10:00:00Z"},
+					map[string]interface{}{"app_id": "app_b", "name": "Beta", "updated_at": "2026-05-18T09:00:00Z"},
+				},
+				"page_token": "next_cursor",
+				"has_more":   true,
+			},
+		},
+	}
+	reg.Register(stub)
+
+	if err := runAppsShortcut(t, AppsList, []string{"+list", "--as", "user"}, factory, stdout); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("execute err=%v", err)
+	}
+	got := stdout.String()
+	if !strings.Contains(got, "app_a") || !strings.Contains(got, "app_b") {
+		t.Fatalf("output missing items: %s", got)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(got, "Alpha") || !strings.Contains(got, "Beta") {
+		t.Fatalf("output missing item names: %s", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAppsList_WithPageToken(t *testing.T) {
+	factory, stdout, reg := newAppsExecuteFactory(t)
+	stub := &httpmock.Stub{
+		Method: "GET",
+		URL:    "/open-apis/spark/v1/apps?page_size=50&page_token=cursor_abc",
+		Body: map[string]interface{}{
+			"code": 0,
+			"data": map[string]interface{}{
+				"items":    []interface{}{},
+				"has_more": false,
+			},
+		},
+	}
+	reg.Register(stub)
+
+	if err := runAppsShortcut(t, AppsList,
+		[]string{"+list", "--page-size", "50", "--page-token", "cursor_abc", "--as", "user"},
+		factory, stdout); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("execute err=%v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAppsList_DryRun(t *testing.T) {
+	factory, stdout, _ := newAppsExecuteFactory(t)
+	if err := runAppsShortcut(t, AppsList,
+		[]string{"+list", "--dry-run", "--as", "user"},
+		factory, stdout); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("dry-run err=%v", err)
+	}
+	got := stdout.String()
+	if !strings.Contains(got, "/open-apis/spark/v1/apps") {
+		t.Fatalf("dry-run missing endpoint: %s", got)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(got, "page_size") {
+		t.Fatalf("dry-run missing page_size param: %s", got)
+	}
+}

shortcuts/apps/apps_update.go

@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package apps
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/output"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/validate"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/shortcuts/common"
+)
+
+// AppsUpdate partially updates a Miaoda app's name / description.
+var AppsUpdate = common.Shortcut{
+	Service:     appsService,
+	Command:     "+update",
+	Description: "Partially update a Miaoda app (only provided fields are sent)",
+	Risk:        "write",
+	Scopes:      []string{"spark:app:write"},
+	AuthTypes:   []string{"user"},
+	HasFormat:   true,
+	Flags: []common.Flag{
+		{Name: "app-id", Desc: "app ID", Required: true},
+		{Name: "name", Desc: "new app display name"},
+		{Name: "description", Desc: "new app description"},
+	},
+	Validate: func(ctx context.Context, rctx *common.RuntimeContext) error {
+		if strings.TrimSpace(rctx.Str("app-id")) == "" {
+			return output.ErrValidation("--app-id is required")
+		}
+		body := buildAppsUpdateBody(rctx)
+		if len(body) == 0 {
+			return output.ErrValidation("provide at least one of --name or --description")
+		}
+		return nil
+	},
+	DryRun: func(ctx context.Context, rctx *common.RuntimeContext) *common.DryRunAPI {
+		appID := strings.TrimSpace(rctx.Str("app-id"))
+		return common.NewDryRunAPI().
+			PATCH(fmt.Sprintf("%s/apps/%s", apiBasePath, validate.EncodePathSegment(appID))).
+			Desc("Update a Miaoda app").
+			Body(buildAppsUpdateBody(rctx))
+	},
+	Execute: func(ctx context.Context, rctx *common.RuntimeContext) error {
+		appID := strings.TrimSpace(rctx.Str("app-id"))
+		path := fmt.Sprintf("%s/apps/%s", apiBasePath, validate.EncodePathSegment(appID))
+		data, err := rctx.CallAPI("PATCH", path, nil, buildAppsUpdateBody(rctx))
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		rctx.OutFormat(data, nil, func(w io.Writer) {
+			fmt.Fprintf(w, "updated: %s\n", common.GetString(data, "app_id"))
+		})
+		return nil
+	},
+}
+
+func buildAppsUpdateBody(rctx *common.RuntimeContext) map[string]interface{} {
+	body := map[string]interface{}{}
+	if v := strings.TrimSpace(rctx.Str("name")); v != "" {
+		body["name"] = v
+	}
+	if v := strings.TrimSpace(rctx.Str("description")); v != "" {
+		body["description"] = v
+	}
+	return body
+}

shortcuts/apps/apps_update_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package apps
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/httpmock"
+)
+
+func TestAppsUpdate_PartialFields(t *testing.T) {
+	factory, stdout, reg := newAppsExecuteFactory(t)
+	stub := &httpmock.Stub{
+		Method: "PATCH",
+		URL:    "/open-apis/spark/v1/apps/app_x",
+		Body: map[string]interface{}{
+			"code": 0,
+			"data": map[string]interface{}{
+				"app_id":     "app_x",
+				"name":       "renamed",
+				"updated_at": "2026-05-18T10:05:00Z",
+			},
+		},
+	}
+	reg.Register(stub)
+
+	if err := runAppsShortcut(t, AppsUpdate,
+		[]string{"+update", "--app-id", "app_x", "--name", "renamed", "--as", "user"},
+		factory, stdout); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("execute err=%v", err)
+	}
+
+	var sent map[string]interface{}
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(stub.CapturedBody, &sent); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("decode body: %v", err)
+	}
+	if sent["name"] != "renamed" {
+		t.Fatalf("body.name = %v", sent["name"])
+	}
+	if _, present := sent["description"]; present {
+		t.Fatalf("description should not be in body when not provided: %v", sent)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAppsUpdate_RequiresAppID(t *testing.T) {
+	factory, stdout, _ := newAppsExecuteFactory(t)
+	err := runAppsShortcut(t, AppsUpdate,
+		[]string{"+update", "--name", "renamed", "--as", "user"}, factory, stdout)
+	// cobra Required:true may match "app-id" instead of "--app-id"
+	if err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "app-id") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected --app-id required, got %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAppsUpdate_RequiresAtLeastOneField(t *testing.T) {
+	factory, stdout, _ := newAppsExecuteFactory(t)
+	err := runAppsShortcut(t, AppsUpdate,
+		[]string{"+update", "--app-id", "app_x", "--as", "user"}, factory, stdout)
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatalf("expected error when no field provided")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAppsUpdate_TrimsAppIDInPath(t *testing.T) {
+	// 钉死 --app-id 在拼进 URL 前要先 TrimSpace —— 与 create / access-scope-* 等保持一致，
+	// 避免 " app_x " 这种取值被原样 EncodePathSegment 编进 path 出现空格转义。
+	factory, stdout, reg := newAppsExecuteFactory(t)
+	stub := &httpmock.Stub{
+		Method: "PATCH",
+		URL:    "/open-apis/spark/v1/apps/app_x",
+		Body: map[string]interface{}{
+			"code": 0,
+			"data": map[string]interface{}{"app_id": "app_x"},
+		},
+	}
+	reg.Register(stub)
+
+	if err := runAppsShortcut(t, AppsUpdate,
+		[]string{"+update", "--app-id", "  app_x  ", "--name", "renamed", "--as", "user"},
+		factory, stdout); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("execute err=%v", err)
+	}
+}

shortcuts/apps/common.go

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package apps
+
+// appsService 是 CLI 命令的 service 前缀（lark-cli apps ...）。
+const appsService = "apps"
+
+// apiBasePath is the registered OAPI prefix for the Miaoda apps domain.
+const apiBasePath = "/open-apis/spark/v1"

shortcuts/apps/html_publish_client.go

@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package apps
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"net/http"
+
+	larkcore "github.com/larksuite/oapi-sdk-go/v3/core"
+
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/output"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/validate"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/shortcuts/common"
+)
+
+type htmlPublishResponse struct {
+	URL string
+}
+
+type appsHTMLPublishClient interface {
+	HTMLPublish(ctx context.Context, appID string, tarball *htmlPublishTarball) (*htmlPublishResponse, error)
+}
+
+type appsHTMLPublishAPI struct {
+	runtime *common.RuntimeContext
+}
+
+func (api appsHTMLPublishAPI) HTMLPublish(ctx context.Context, appID string, tarball *htmlPublishTarball) (*htmlPublishResponse, error) {
+	fd := larkcore.NewFormdata()
+	fd.AddFile("file", bytes.NewReader(tarball.Body))
+
+	apiResp, err := api.runtime.DoAPI(&larkcore.ApiReq{
+		HttpMethod: http.MethodPost,
+		ApiPath:    fmt.Sprintf("%s/apps/%s/upload_and_release_html_code", apiBasePath, validate.EncodePathSegment(appID)),
+		Body:       fd,
+	}, larkcore.WithFileUpload())
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return parseHTMLPublishResponse(apiResp.RawBody)
+}
+
+func parseHTMLPublishResponse(raw []byte) (*htmlPublishResponse, error) {
+	var envelope struct {
+		Code int    `json:"code"`
+		Msg  string `json:"msg"`
+		Data struct {
+			URL string `json:"url"`
+		} `json:"data"`
+	}
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(raw, &envelope); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("decode html-publish response: %w", err)
+	}
+	if envelope.Code != 0 {
+		return nil, output.ErrWithHint(output.ExitAPI, "api_error",
+			fmt.Sprintf("html-publish failed (code=%d): %s", envelope.Code, envelope.Msg),
+			buildHTMLPublishFailureHint(envelope.Code))
+	}
+	return &htmlPublishResponse{URL: envelope.Data.URL}, nil
+}
+
+// OAPI business error codes returned by the Miaoda
+// /apps/{id}/upload_and_release_html_code endpoint. Owned by the backend
+// service; update when new codes are documented in the OAPI spec.
+const (
+	errCodeBuildFailed = 90001 // tar.gz uploaded but server-side build failed
+	errCodeAppNotFound = 90002 // app_id unknown or caller lacks permission
+)
+
+func buildHTMLPublishFailureHint(code int) string {
+	switch code {
+	case errCodeBuildFailed:
+		return "构建失败：用 `lark-cli apps +html-publish --app-id <your-app-id> --path <path> --dry-run` 检查打包文件清单"
+	case errCodeAppNotFound:
+		return "应用不存在或无权访问；请用户确认 app_id（从妙搭应用链接 https://miaoda.feishu.cn/app/app_xxx 的 /app/ 后面提取，或直接给 app_xxx 字符串）"
+	default:
+		return ""
+	}
+}

shortcuts/apps/html_publish_client_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package apps
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"mime"
+	"mime/multipart"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/httpmock"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/output"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/shortcuts/common"
+)
+
+func newAppsClientRuntime(t *testing.T) (*common.RuntimeContext, *httpmock.Registry) {
+	t.Helper()
+	cfg := &core.CliConfig{
+		AppID:      "test-app-" + strings.ToLower(t.Name()),
+		AppSecret:  "test-secret",
+		Brand:      core.BrandFeishu,
+		UserOpenId: "ou_test",
+	}
+	factory, _, _, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, cfg)
+	rctx := common.TestNewRuntimeContextForAPI(context.Background(), nil, cfg, factory, core.AsUser)
+	return rctx, reg
+}
+
+func TestAppsHTMLPublishAPI_Success(t *testing.T) {
+	rctx, reg := newAppsClientRuntime(t)
+	stub := &httpmock.Stub{
+		Method: "POST",
+		URL:    "/open-apis/spark/v1/apps/app_x/upload_and_release_html_code",
+		Body: map[string]interface{}{
+			"code": 0,
+			"msg":  "success",
+			"data": map[string]interface{}{
+				"url": "https://miaoda.feishu.cn/app/app_x",
+			},
+		},
+	}
+	reg.Register(stub)
+
+	api := appsHTMLPublishAPI{runtime: rctx}
+	tarball := &htmlPublishTarball{Body: []byte("fake"), Size: 4, SHA256: "abc"}
+	resp, err := api.HTMLPublish(context.Background(), "app_x", tarball)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("err=%v", err)
+	}
+	if resp.URL != "https://miaoda.feishu.cn/app/app_x" {
+		t.Fatalf("url=%q", resp.URL)
+	}
+
+	ct := stub.CapturedHeaders.Get("Content-Type")
+	mt, params, err := mime.ParseMediaType(ct)
+	if err != nil || mt != "multipart/form-data" {
+		t.Fatalf("content type %q wrong", ct)
+	}
+	mr := multipart.NewReader(bytes.NewReader(stub.CapturedBody), params["boundary"])
+	saw := false
+	for {
+		p, err := mr.NextPart()
+		if err != nil {
+			break
+		}
+		if p.FormName() == "file" {
+			saw = true
+		}
+	}
+	if !saw {
+		t.Fatalf("multipart missing 'file' part")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAppsHTMLPublishAPI_BusinessErrorHasHint(t *testing.T) {
+	rctx, reg := newAppsClientRuntime(t)
+	reg.Register(&httpmock.Stub{
+		Method: "POST",
+		URL:    "/open-apis/spark/v1/apps/app_x/upload_and_release_html_code",
+		Body: map[string]interface{}{
+			"code": 90001,
+			"msg":  "build failed: dependency conflict",
+		},
+	})
+
+	api := appsHTMLPublishAPI{runtime: rctx}
+	_, err := api.HTMLPublish(context.Background(), "app_x", &htmlPublishTarball{Body: []byte("fake")})
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatalf("expected error")
+	}
+	var exitErr *output.ExitError
+	if !errors.As(err, &exitErr) || exitErr.Detail == nil {
+		t.Fatalf("expected ExitError with detail, got %v", err)
+	}
+	if exitErr.Detail.Hint == "" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected non-empty hint on code 90001")
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(exitErr.Detail.Message, "build failed") {
+		t.Fatalf("missing failure message: %v", exitErr.Detail.Message)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestBuildHTMLPublishFailureHint_UnknownCodeReturnsEmpty(t *testing.T) {
+	// 默认分支：未识别的 code 返回空 hint，让 Agent 用 message 兜底。
+	if hint := buildHTMLPublishFailureHint(99999); hint != "" {
+		t.Fatalf("unknown code should return empty hint, got %q", hint)
+	}
+	if hint := buildHTMLPublishFailureHint(0); hint != "" {
+		t.Fatalf("zero code should return empty hint, got %q", hint)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestBuildHTMLPublishFailureHint_KnownCodes(t *testing.T) {
+	if hint := buildHTMLPublishFailureHint(90001); hint == "" {
+		t.Fatalf("code 90001 should return non-empty hint")
+	}
+	if hint := buildHTMLPublishFailureHint(90002); hint == "" {
+		t.Fatalf("code 90002 should return non-empty hint")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestBuildHTMLPublishFailureHint_NotFoundHintNoLongerMentionsList(t *testing.T) {
+	hint := buildHTMLPublishFailureHint(90002)
+	if hint == "" {
+		t.Fatalf("code 90002 should return non-empty hint")
+	}
+	if strings.Contains(hint, "+list") {
+		t.Fatalf("hint must not point at hidden +list command, got: %q", hint)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(hint, "app_id") {
+		t.Fatalf("hint should reference app_id, got: %q", hint)
+	}
+}

shortcuts/apps/html_publish_tarball.go

@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package apps
+
+import (
+	"archive/tar"
+	"bytes"
+	"compress/gzip"
+	"crypto/sha256"
+	"encoding/hex"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/extension/fileio"
+)
+
+// htmlPublishTarball is the in-memory packed tar.gz ready for multipart upload.
+// Body is bounded by maxHTMLPublishTarballBytes (20MiB) — see runHTMLPublish.
+type htmlPublishTarball struct {
+	Body   []byte
+	Size   int64
+	SHA256 string
+}
+
+func buildHTMLPublishTarball(fio fileio.FileIO, candidates []htmlPublishCandidate) (*htmlPublishTarball, error) {
+	if len(candidates) == 0 {
+		return nil, errors.New("no files to pack")
+	}
+
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	hasher := sha256.New()
+	multi := io.MultiWriter(&buf, hasher)
+	gz := gzip.NewWriter(multi)
+	tw := tar.NewWriter(gz)
+
+	for _, c := range candidates {
+		if err := writeHTMLPublishTarEntry(fio, tw, c); err != nil {
+			_ = tw.Close()
+			_ = gz.Close()
+			return nil, err
+		}
+	}
+
+	if err := tw.Close(); err != nil {
+		_ = gz.Close()
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("tar close: %w", err)
+	}
+	if err := gz.Close(); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("gzip close: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return &htmlPublishTarball{
+		Body:   buf.Bytes(),
+		Size:   int64(buf.Len()),
+		SHA256: hex.EncodeToString(hasher.Sum(nil)),
+	}, nil
+}
+
+func writeHTMLPublishTarEntry(fio fileio.FileIO, tw *tar.Writer, c htmlPublishCandidate) error {
+	if isUnsafeRelPath(c.RelPath) {
+		return fmt.Errorf("invalid tar entry name %q", c.RelPath)
+	}
+
+	src, err := fio.Open(c.AbsPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("open %s: %w", c.AbsPath, err)
+	}
+	defer src.Close()
+
+	hdr := &tar.Header{
+		Name:     c.RelPath,
+		Size:     c.Size,
+		Mode:     0o644,
+		Typeflag: tar.TypeReg,
+	}
+	if err := tw.WriteHeader(hdr); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("write header %s: %w", c.RelPath, err)
+	}
+	if _, err := io.Copy(tw, src); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("copy %s: %w", c.RelPath, err)
+	}
+	return nil
+}

shortcuts/apps/html_publish_tarball_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,193 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package apps
+
+import (
+	"archive/tar"
+	"bytes"
+	"compress/gzip"
+	"errors"
+	"io"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/extension/fileio"
+)
+
+// readFailingFIO opens a File whose Read always returns the configured error,
+// letting tests exercise the io.Copy failure branch without filesystem games.
+type readFailingFIO struct{ readErr error }
+
+func (f readFailingFIO) Open(string) (fileio.File, error) {
+	return &readFailingFile{err: f.readErr}, nil
+}
+func (f readFailingFIO) Stat(string) (fileio.FileInfo, error) {
+	return nil, errors.New("Stat not used")
+}
+func (readFailingFIO) ResolvePath(p string) (string, error) { return p, nil }
+func (readFailingFIO) Save(string, fileio.SaveOptions, io.Reader) (fileio.SaveResult, error) {
+	return nil, errors.New("Save not used")
+}
+
+type readFailingFile struct{ err error }
+
+func (f *readFailingFile) Read([]byte) (int, error)          { return 0, f.err }
+func (f *readFailingFile) ReadAt([]byte, int64) (int, error) { return 0, f.err }
+func (f *readFailingFile) Close() error                      { return nil }
+
+func TestBuildHTMLPublishTarball_RoundTrip(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	if err := os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(dir, "index.html"), []byte("<html></html>"), 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("write: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	fio := newTestFIO()
+	candidates, err := walkHTMLPublishCandidates(fio, dir)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("walk: %v", err)
+	}
+	tarball, err := buildHTMLPublishTarball(fio, candidates)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("build: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if len(tarball.SHA256) != 64 {
+		t.Fatalf("SHA256 wrong len: %d", len(tarball.SHA256))
+	}
+	if tarball.Size <= 0 || int64(len(tarball.Body)) != tarball.Size {
+		t.Fatalf("size=%d body=%d", tarball.Size, len(tarball.Body))
+	}
+
+	gz, err := gzip.NewReader(bytes.NewReader(tarball.Body))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("gzip: %v", err)
+	}
+	tr := tar.NewReader(gz)
+	hdr, err := tr.Next()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("tar.Next: %v", err)
+	}
+	if hdr.Name != "index.html" {
+		t.Fatalf("entry name = %q, want index.html", hdr.Name)
+	}
+	body, err := io.ReadAll(tr)
+	if err != nil || string(body) != "<html></html>" {
+		t.Fatalf("body=%q err=%v", body, err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestBuildHTMLPublishTarball_EmptyCandidates(t *testing.T) {
+	if _, err := buildHTMLPublishTarball(newTestFIO(), nil); err == nil {
+		t.Fatalf("expected error")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestWriteHTMLPublishTarEntry_OpenFailure(t *testing.T) {
+	// candidate 指向不存在文件 → fio.Open 失败 → 错误返回
+	tw := tar.NewWriter(io.Discard)
+	defer tw.Close()
+	err := writeHTMLPublishTarEntry(newTestFIO(), tw, htmlPublishCandidate{
+		RelPath: "x.html",
+		AbsPath: "/nonexistent-path-for-test/x.html",
+		Size:    0,
+	})
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatalf("expected error for nonexistent abs path")
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "open") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected open error, got %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestWriteHTMLPublishTarEntry_WriteHeaderFailure(t *testing.T) {
+	// 在已 close 的 tar.Writer 上写 header → WriteHeader 失败
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	file := filepath.Join(dir, "x.html")
+	if err := os.WriteFile(file, []byte("x"), 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("write fixture: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	tw := tar.NewWriter(io.Discard)
+	_ = tw.Close() // 先 close，下次 WriteHeader 必失败
+
+	err := writeHTMLPublishTarEntry(newTestFIO(), tw, htmlPublishCandidate{
+		RelPath: "x.html",
+		AbsPath: file,
+		Size:    1,
+	})
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatalf("expected error when writing to closed tar.Writer")
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "write header") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 'write header' error, got %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestWriteHTMLPublishTarEntry_CopyFailure(t *testing.T) {
+	// 注入一个 Read 必失败的 fileio.File，让 io.Copy 在 tar 写入阶段出错。
+	// 避免 chmod 0o000 的跨平台 / root 用户 flake。
+	fio := readFailingFIO{readErr: errors.New("synthetic read failure")}
+	tw := tar.NewWriter(io.Discard)
+	defer tw.Close()
+
+	err := writeHTMLPublishTarEntry(fio, tw, htmlPublishCandidate{
+		RelPath: "x.html",
+		AbsPath: "fixtures/x.html", // 任意路径，Open 由 stub 接管
+		Size:    7,
+	})
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatalf("expected error when underlying Read fails")
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "copy") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected copy-stage error, got %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestBuildHTMLPublishTarball_EntryWriteFailureReturnsError(t *testing.T) {
+	// candidate 指向不存在文件 → writeHTMLPublishTarEntry 失败
+	// → buildHTMLPublishTarball 返回 nil tarball + error。
+	candidates := []htmlPublishCandidate{
+		{RelPath: "x.html", AbsPath: "/nonexistent-path-for-test/x.html", Size: 0},
+	}
+
+	tarball, err := buildHTMLPublishTarball(newTestFIO(), candidates)
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatalf("expected error, got tarball=%+v", tarball)
+	}
+	if tarball != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("expected nil tarball on error, got %+v", tarball)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestWriteHTMLPublishTarEntry_RejectsPathTraversal(t *testing.T) {
+	tw := tar.NewWriter(io.Discard)
+	defer tw.Close()
+
+	cases := []struct {
+		name string
+		rel  string
+	}{
+		{"parent traversal", "../etc/passwd"},
+		{"absolute path", "/etc/passwd"},
+		{"embedded traversal", "a/../../etc/passwd"},
+		{"null byte", "evil\x00.html"},
+	}
+	for _, c := range cases {
+		t.Run(c.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			err := writeHTMLPublishTarEntry(newTestFIO(), tw, htmlPublishCandidate{
+				RelPath: c.rel,
+				AbsPath: "fixtures/whatever",
+				Size:    0,
+			})
+			if err == nil {
+				t.Fatalf("expected error for RelPath=%q", c.rel)
+			}
+			if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "invalid tar entry name") {
+				t.Fatalf("expected 'invalid tar entry name' error, got %v", err)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}

shortcuts/apps/sensitive_paths.go

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package apps
+
+import "strings"
+
+// isSensitiveRelPath reports whether a relative path inside the candidate
+// manifest looks like something that should not ship to a public-internet
+// share URL — secrets, credentials, SCM internals, SSH keys. The check is
+// path-element-wise (each "/"-delimited segment is inspected) so secrets
+// nested under arbitrary subdirectories are still caught.
+//
+// Used by +html-publish dry-run to populate a "warnings" field; the
+// caller still proceeds (this is advisory, not a hard block) so legit
+// edge cases (e.g. a documentation site that has a .env example file
+// on purpose) are not gated, but the user/agent sees the list.
+func isSensitiveRelPath(rel string) bool {
+	if rel == "" {
+		return false
+	}
+	parts := strings.Split(rel, "/")
+	for i, p := range parts {
+		switch {
+		case p == ".git":
+			return true
+		case p == ".env" || strings.HasPrefix(p, ".env."):
+			return true
+		case p == ".npmrc" || p == ".netrc":
+			return true
+		case p == "credentials" || p == "config":
+			if i > 0 {
+				parent := parts[i-1]
+				if parent == ".aws" || parent == ".docker" || parent == ".gcloud" || parent == ".kube" {
+					return true
+				}
+			}
+		case strings.HasPrefix(p, "id_rsa") || strings.HasPrefix(p, "id_ed25519") || strings.HasPrefix(p, "id_ecdsa") || strings.HasPrefix(p, "id_dsa"):
+			return true
+		case strings.HasSuffix(p, ".pem") || strings.HasSuffix(p, ".key"):
+			return true
+		case strings.HasSuffix(p, ".json") && p == "config.json" && i > 0 && parts[i-1] == ".docker":
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}

shortcuts/apps/sensitive_paths_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package apps
+
+import "testing"
+
+func TestIsSensitiveRelPath(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := []struct {
+		rel  string
+		want bool
+	}{
+		// dotfiles and well-known secret stores
+		{".env", true},
+		{".env.local", true},
+		{".env.production", true},
+		{"backend/.env", true},
+		{".npmrc", true},
+		{"sub/.npmrc", true},
+		{".netrc", true},
+		// .git tree
+		{".git/config", true},
+		{".git/HEAD", true},
+		{"subdir/.git/config", true},
+		{".gitignore", false}, // NOT sensitive (intended to be committed)
+		// SSH keys
+		{".ssh/id_rsa", true},
+		{".ssh/id_ed25519", true},
+		{"backup/id_rsa.pub", true}, // pub also flagged (often near private)
+		// Cloud creds
+		{".aws/credentials", true},
+		{".aws/config", true},
+		{".docker/config.json", true},
+		// Generic crypto
+		{"server.pem", true},
+		{"certs/private.key", true},
+		{"path/to/whatever.pem", true},
+		// Benign
+		{"index.html", false},
+		{"dist/main.js", false},
+		{"assets/logo.svg", false},
+		{"README.md", false},
+		{"package.json", false},
+	}
+	for _, c := range cases {
+		if got := isSensitiveRelPath(c.rel); got != c.want {
+			t.Errorf("isSensitiveRelPath(%q) = %v, want %v", c.rel, got, c.want)
+		}
+	}
+}

shortcuts/apps/shortcuts.go

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package apps
+
+import "github.com/larksuite/cli/shortcuts/common"
+
+// Shortcuts returns all apps domain shortcuts.
+func Shortcuts() []common.Shortcut {
+	return []common.Shortcut{
+		AppsCreate,
+		AppsUpdate,
+		AppsList,
+		AppsAccessScopeSet,
+		AppsAccessScopeGet,
+		AppsHTMLPublish,
+	}
+}

shortcuts/apps/shortcuts_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package apps
+
+import "testing"
+
+// 钉死域内 shortcut 数量。少一条（漏挂）或多一条（误加）都会被这个测试拦截。
+func TestAppsShortcuts_Returns6(t *testing.T) {
+	got := Shortcuts()
+	if len(got) != 6 {
+		t.Fatalf("Shortcuts() returned %d entries, want 6", len(got))
+	}
+}

shortcuts/apps/walk_html_publish_candidates.go

@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package apps
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"io/fs"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/extension/fileio"
+)
+
+type htmlPublishCandidate struct {
+	RelPath string
+	AbsPath string
+	Size    int64
+}
+
+// isUnsafeRelPath reports whether a forward-slash relative path contains
+// anything that should never be written into a tar header or treated as
+// inside-root: leading slash (absolute), .. as a path component (start /
+// middle / end / whole), or an embedded null byte. Component-aware so it
+// does not false-positive on legitimate filenames that contain ".." as a
+// substring (e.g. "archive.tar..bak").
+func isUnsafeRelPath(rel string) bool {
+	return strings.HasPrefix(rel, "/") ||
+		rel == ".." ||
+		strings.HasPrefix(rel, "../") ||
+		strings.Contains(rel, "/../") ||
+		strings.HasSuffix(rel, "/..") ||
+		strings.ContainsRune(rel, 0)
+}
+
+// walkHTMLPublishCandidates walks rootPath and returns each regular file as a
+// candidate. Stat goes through fileio so SafeInputPath validation runs on the
+// root; the directory walk itself uses filepath.WalkDir because runtime.FileIO
+// has no WalkDir equivalent today.
+func walkHTMLPublishCandidates(fio fileio.FileIO, rootPath string) ([]htmlPublishCandidate, error) {
+	stat, err := fio.Stat(rootPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("stat %s: %w", rootPath, err)
+	}
+	if !stat.IsDir() {
+		return []htmlPublishCandidate{{
+			RelPath: filepath.Base(rootPath),
+			AbsPath: rootPath,
+			Size:    stat.Size(),
+		}}, nil
+	}
+
+	var out []htmlPublishCandidate
+	//nolint:forbidigo // fileio has no WalkDir; rootPath is already validated above via fio.Stat -> SafeInputPath.
+	err = filepath.WalkDir(rootPath, func(path string, d fs.DirEntry, walkErr error) error {
+		if walkErr != nil {
+			return walkErr
+		}
+		if d.IsDir() {
+			return nil
+		}
+		info, err := d.Info()
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		// 只接受 regular file —— symlink / device / pipe / socket 都跳过。
+		// symlink 不跟随是设计决策（避免 loop + out-of-root 引用），且 fio.Open 也会拒非 regular。
+		if !info.Mode().IsRegular() {
+			return nil
+		}
+		rel, err := filepath.Rel(rootPath, path)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		relSlash := filepath.ToSlash(rel)
+		// Defense in depth: WalkDir + Rel inside rootPath should never yield a
+		// path with .. components, but a future logic change or unusual
+		// filesystem layout shouldn't be able to inject one into RelPath.
+		// Mirrors the same guard at tar entry write time.
+		if isUnsafeRelPath(relSlash) {
+			return fmt.Errorf("walker produced unsafe relative path %q for %s", relSlash, path)
+		}
+		out = append(out, htmlPublishCandidate{
+			RelPath: relSlash,
+			AbsPath: path,
+			Size:    info.Size(),
+		})
+		return nil
+	})
+	return out, err
+}

shortcuts/apps/walk_html_publish_candidates_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package apps
+
+import (
+	"io"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"sort"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/extension/fileio"
+)
+
+// permissiveFIO is a test-only fileio that delegates to os without
+// SafeInputPath validation. Unit tests use it so we can drive the walker
+// and tarball algorithms with absolute t.TempDir paths; production code
+// goes through LocalFileIO which is cwd-bounded.
+type permissiveFIO struct{}
+
+func (permissiveFIO) Open(name string) (fileio.File, error)     { return os.Open(name) }
+func (permissiveFIO) Stat(name string) (fileio.FileInfo, error) { return os.Stat(name) }
+func (permissiveFIO) ResolvePath(p string) (string, error)      { return p, nil }
+func (permissiveFIO) Save(string, fileio.SaveOptions, io.Reader) (fileio.SaveResult, error) {
+	panic("Save not used in apps unit tests")
+}
+
+func newTestFIO() fileio.FileIO { return permissiveFIO{} }
+
+func TestWalkHTMLPublishCandidates_SingleFile(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	file := filepath.Join(dir, "index.html")
+	if err := os.WriteFile(file, []byte("<html></html>"), 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("write: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	got, err := walkHTMLPublishCandidates(newTestFIO(), file)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("err=%v", err)
+	}
+	if len(got) != 1 || got[0].RelPath != "index.html" || got[0].Size != 13 {
+		t.Fatalf("got=%+v", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestWalkHTMLPublishCandidates_Directory(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	files := map[string]string{
+		"index.html":      "<html></html>",
+		"css/main.css":    "body{}",
+		"assets/logo.svg": "<svg/>",
+	}
+	for rel, content := range files {
+		full := filepath.Join(dir, rel)
+		if err := os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(full), 0o755); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("mkdir: %v", err)
+		}
+		if err := os.WriteFile(full, []byte(content), 0o644); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("write: %v", err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	got, err := walkHTMLPublishCandidates(newTestFIO(), dir)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("err=%v", err)
+	}
+	if len(got) != 3 {
+		t.Fatalf("got %d candidates, want 3", len(got))
+	}
+	rels := make([]string, 3)
+	for i, c := range got {
+		rels[i] = c.RelPath
+	}
+	sort.Strings(rels)
+	want := []string{"assets/logo.svg", "css/main.css", "index.html"}
+	for i, w := range want {
+		if rels[i] != w {
+			t.Fatalf("rel[%d]=%q want %q", i, rels[i], w)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestWalkHTMLPublishCandidates_NotFound(t *testing.T) {
+	if _, err := walkHTMLPublishCandidates(newTestFIO(), "/nonexistent/xyz"); err == nil {
+		t.Fatalf("expected error")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestIsUnsafeRelPath(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := []struct {
+		rel  string
+		want bool
+	}{
+		{"index.html", false},
+		{"assets/logo.svg", false},
+		{"deep/nested/path/file.html", false},
+		{"archive.tar..bak", false},
+		{"version.1..2.html", false},
+		{"..config", false},
+		{"", false},
+		{"/etc/passwd", true},
+		{"..", true},
+		{"../etc/passwd", true},
+		{"a/../../etc/passwd", true},
+		{"a/..", true},
+		{"evil\x00.html", true},
+	}
+	for _, c := range cases {
+		if got := isUnsafeRelPath(c.rel); got != c.want {
+			t.Errorf("isUnsafeRelPath(%q) = %v, want %v", c.rel, got, c.want)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestWalkHTMLPublishCandidates_SymlinkSkipped(t *testing.T) {
+	// Walker 只接受 regular file —— symlink 跳过（避免 loop + out-of-root 引用，
+	// 且 fio.Open 对 symlink 行为不一致）。real.html 仍然被收，link.html 不在结果里。
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	if err := os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(dir, "real.html"), []byte("<html></html>"), 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("write: %v", err)
+	}
+	if err := os.Symlink(filepath.Join(dir, "real.html"), filepath.Join(dir, "link.html")); err != nil {
+		t.Skipf("symlink not supported on this filesystem: %v", err)
+	}
+	got, err := walkHTMLPublishCandidates(newTestFIO(), dir)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("err=%v", err)
+	}
+	rels := make(map[string]bool)
+	for _, c := range got {
+		rels[c.RelPath] = true
+	}
+	if !rels["real.html"] {
+		t.Fatalf("expected real.html (regular file) in candidates, got %+v", got)
+	}
+	if rels["link.html"] {
+		t.Fatalf("symlink link.html should NOT appear in candidates, got %+v", got)
+	}
+}

shortcuts/common/drive_meta.go

@@ -3,29 +3,61 @@
 
 package common
 
-// FetchDriveMetaTitle looks up the document title via the drive metas batch_query API.
-func FetchDriveMetaTitle(runtime *RuntimeContext, token, docType string) (string, error) {
+// DriveMeta is the subset of drive metas/batch_query fields used by shortcuts.
+type DriveMeta struct {
+	Title string
+	URL   string
+}
+
+// FetchDriveMeta looks up document metadata via the drive metas batch_query API.
+func FetchDriveMeta(runtime *RuntimeContext, token, docType string, withURL bool) (DriveMeta, error) {
+	body := map[string]interface{}{
+		"request_docs": []map[string]interface{}{
+			{
+				"doc_token": token,
+				"doc_type":  docType,
+			},
+		},
+	}
+	if withURL {
+		body["with_url"] = true
+	}
+
 	data, err := runtime.CallAPI(
 		"POST",
 		"/open-apis/drive/v1/metas/batch_query",
 		nil,
-		map[string]interface{}{
-			"request_docs": []map[string]interface{}{
-				{
-					"doc_token": token,
-					"doc_type":  docType,
-				},
-			},
-		},
+		body,
 	)
 	if err != nil {
-		return "", err
+		return DriveMeta{}, err
 	}
 
 	metas := GetSlice(data, "metas")
 	if len(metas) == 0 {
-		return "", nil
+		return DriveMeta{}, nil
 	}
 	meta, _ := metas[0].(map[string]interface{})
-	return GetString(meta, "title"), nil
+	return DriveMeta{
+		Title: GetString(meta, "title"),
+		URL:   GetString(meta, "url"),
+	}, nil
+}
+
+// FetchDriveMetaTitle looks up the document title via the drive metas batch_query API.
+func FetchDriveMetaTitle(runtime *RuntimeContext, token, docType string) (string, error) {
+	meta, err := FetchDriveMeta(runtime, token, docType, false)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	return meta.Title, nil
+}
+
+// FetchDriveMetaURL looks up the document access URL via the drive metas batch_query API.
+func FetchDriveMetaURL(runtime *RuntimeContext, token, docType string) (string, error) {
+	meta, err := FetchDriveMeta(runtime, token, docType, true)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	return meta.URL, nil
 }

shortcuts/common/drive_meta_test.go

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ package common
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
 	"sync/atomic"
 	"testing"
@@ -105,6 +106,44 @@ func TestFetchDriveMetaTitle(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 }
 
+func TestFetchDriveMetaURL(t *testing.T) {
+	runtime, reg := newDriveMetaTestRuntime(t)
+	stub := &httpmock.Stub{
+		Method: "POST",
+		URL:    "/open-apis/drive/v1/metas/batch_query",
+		Body: map[string]interface{}{
+			"code": 0,
+			"data": map[string]interface{}{
+				"metas": []map[string]interface{}{
+					{
+						"doc_token": "boxcnABC",
+						"doc_type":  "file",
+						"title":     "report.pdf",
+						"url":       "https://tenant.example.com/file/boxcnABC",
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+	reg.Register(stub)
+
+	got, err := FetchDriveMetaURL(runtime, "boxcnABC", "file")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("FetchDriveMetaURL() error: %v", err)
+	}
+	if got != "https://tenant.example.com/file/boxcnABC" {
+		t.Fatalf("url = %q, want tenant URL", got)
+	}
+
+	var body map[string]interface{}
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(stub.CapturedBody, &body); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("decode captured body: %v", err)
+	}
+	if body["with_url"] != true {
+		t.Fatalf("with_url = %#v, want true", body["with_url"])
+	}
+}
+
 func newDriveMetaTestRuntime(t *testing.T) (*RuntimeContext, *httpmock.Registry) {
 	t.Helper()
 	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", t.TempDir())

shortcuts/common/permission_grant.go

@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ func AutoGrantCurrentUserDrivePermission(runtime *RuntimeContext, token, resourc
 			PermissionGrantSkipped,
 			"",
 			fmt.Sprintf("The operation did not return a permission target (missing token/type), so current user %s was not granted. You can retry later or continue using bot identity.", permissionGrantPermMessage()),
+			"No permission target (missing token or type) returned by the operation.",
 		)
 	}
 
@@ -43,11 +44,14 @@ func AutoGrantCurrentUserDrivePermission(runtime *RuntimeContext, token, resourc
 func autoGrantCurrentUserDrivePermission(runtime *RuntimeContext, token, resourceType string) map[string]interface{} {
 	userOpenID := strings.TrimSpace(runtime.UserOpenId())
 	if userOpenID == "" {
-		return buildPermissionGrantResult(
+		result := buildPermissionGrantResult(
 			PermissionGrantSkipped,
 			"",
 			fmt.Sprintf("Resource was created with bot identity, but no current CLI user open_id is configured, so current user %s was not granted. You can retry later or continue using bot identity.", permissionGrantPermMessage()),
+			"No current user identity (not logged in or session expired).",
 		)
+		fmt.Fprintf(runtime.IO().ErrOut, "Warning: resource was created with bot identity, but no current user open_id is configured, so auto-grant was skipped. Run `lark-cli auth login` and retry, or grant permission manually.\n")
+		return result
 	}
 
 	body := map[string]interface{}{
@@ -70,21 +74,26 @@ func autoGrantCurrentUserDrivePermission(runtime *RuntimeContext, token, resourc
 		body,
 	)
 	if err != nil {
-		return buildPermissionGrantResult(
+		errMsg := compactPermissionGrantError(err)
+		result := buildPermissionGrantResult(
 			PermissionGrantFailed,
 			userOpenID,
-			fmt.Sprintf("Resource was created, but granting current user %s failed: %s. You can retry later or continue using bot identity.", permissionGrantPermMessage(), compactPermissionGrantError(err)),
+			fmt.Sprintf("Resource was created, but granting current user %s failed: %s. You can retry later or continue using bot identity.", permissionGrantPermMessage(), errMsg),
+			fmt.Sprintf("Auto-grant failed: %s. The app may lack the required scope or the resource restricts permission changes.", errMsg),
 		)
+		fmt.Fprintf(runtime.IO().ErrOut, "Warning: resource was created, but auto-grant failed: %s. Retry later or grant permission manually.\n", errMsg)
+		return result
 	}
 
 	return buildPermissionGrantResult(
 		PermissionGrantGranted,
 		userOpenID,
 		fmt.Sprintf("Granted the current CLI user %s on the new %s.", permissionGrantPermMessage(), permissionTargetLabel(resourceType)),
+		"",
 	)
 }
 
-func buildPermissionGrantResult(status, userOpenID, message string) map[string]interface{} {
+func buildPermissionGrantResult(status, userOpenID, message, reason string) map[string]interface{} {
 	result := map[string]interface{}{
 		"status":  status,
 		"perm":    permissionGrantPerm,
@@ -94,6 +103,11 @@ func buildPermissionGrantResult(status, userOpenID, message string) map[string]i
 		result["user_open_id"] = userOpenID
 		result["member_type"] = "openid"
 	}
+	if status == PermissionGrantSkipped {
+		result["hint"] = reason + " Run `lark-cli auth login` and retry, or grant permission manually via the Lark document UI."
+	} else if status == PermissionGrantFailed {
+		result["hint"] = reason + " Retry later or grant permission manually via the Lark document UI."
+	}
 	return result
 }
 

shortcuts/common/permission_grant_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package common
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/httpmock"
+)
+
+func TestAutoGrantStderrWarning_SkippedNoUser(t *testing.T) {
+	config := &core.CliConfig{
+		AppID:     "perm-grant-test-skip",
+		AppSecret: "perm-grant-test-secret-skip",
+		Brand:     core.BrandFeishu,
+	}
+	f, _, stderr, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, config)
+
+	ctx := cmdutil.ContextWithShortcut(context.Background(), "test:shortcut", "exec-1")
+	runtime := &RuntimeContext{
+		ctx:        ctx,
+		Config:     config,
+		Factory:    f,
+		resolvedAs: core.AsBot,
+	}
+
+	result := AutoGrantCurrentUserDrivePermission(runtime, "tkn_doc", "docx")
+	if result == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected non-nil result for bot mode with empty user open_id")
+	}
+	if result["status"] != PermissionGrantSkipped {
+		t.Fatalf("status = %v, want %q", result["status"], PermissionGrantSkipped)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(stderr.String(), "auto-grant was skipped") {
+		t.Fatalf("stderr missing auto-grant skipped warning; got:\n%s", stderr.String())
+	}
+	if hint, ok := result["hint"].(string); !ok || !strings.Contains(hint, "auth login") {
+		t.Fatalf("hint = %#v, want string containing 'auth login'", result["hint"])
+	}
+	if hint, ok := result["hint"].(string); !ok || !strings.Contains(hint, "not logged in") {
+		t.Fatalf("hint = %#v, want string containing 'not logged in'", result["hint"])
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAutoGrantStderrWarning_GrantFailed(t *testing.T) {
+	config := &core.CliConfig{
+		AppID:      "perm-grant-test-fail",
+		AppSecret:  "perm-grant-test-secret-fail",
+		Brand:      core.BrandFeishu,
+		UserOpenId: "ou_test_user",
+	}
+	f, _, stderr, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, config)
+
+	// Register a stub that returns an error code so CallAPI returns an error.
+	reg.Register(&httpmock.Stub{
+		Method: "POST",
+		URL:    "/open-apis/drive/v1/permissions/tkn_doc/members",
+		Body: map[string]interface{}{
+			"code": 230001,
+			"msg":  "no permission",
+		},
+	})
+
+	ctx := cmdutil.ContextWithShortcut(context.Background(), "test:shortcut", "exec-2")
+	runtime := &RuntimeContext{
+		ctx:        ctx,
+		Config:     config,
+		Factory:    f,
+		resolvedAs: core.AsBot,
+	}
+
+	result := AutoGrantCurrentUserDrivePermission(runtime, "tkn_doc", "docx")
+	if result == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected non-nil result for bot mode with grant failure")
+	}
+	if result["status"] != PermissionGrantFailed {
+		t.Fatalf("status = %v, want %q", result["status"], PermissionGrantFailed)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(stderr.String(), "auto-grant failed") {
+		t.Fatalf("stderr missing auto-grant failed warning; got:\n%s", stderr.String())
+	}
+	if hint, ok := result["hint"].(string); !ok || !strings.Contains(hint, "Retry later") {
+		t.Fatalf("hint = %#v, want string containing 'Retry later'", result["hint"])
+	}
+	if hint, ok := result["hint"].(string); !ok || !strings.Contains(hint, "scope") {
+		t.Fatalf("hint = %#v, want string containing 'scope'", result["hint"])
+	}
+	if hint, ok := result["hint"].(string); !ok || !strings.Contains(hint, "permission changes") {
+		t.Fatalf("hint = %#v, want string containing 'permission changes'", result["hint"])
+	}
+}

shortcuts/doc/docs_create_test.go

@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ func TestDocsCreateV2BotAutoGrantSuccess(t *testing.T) {
 func TestDocsCreateV2BotAutoGrantSkippedWithoutCurrentUser(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 
-	f, stdout, _, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, docsCreateTestConfig(t, ""))
+	f, stdout, stderr, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, docsCreateTestConfig(t, ""))
 	registerDocsCreateAPIStub(reg, map[string]interface{}{
 		"document": map[string]interface{}{
 			"document_id": "doxcn_new_doc",
@@ -107,6 +107,9 @@ func TestDocsCreateV2BotAutoGrantSkippedWithoutCurrentUser(t *testing.T) {
 	if _, ok := grant["user_open_id"]; ok {
 		t.Fatalf("did not expect user_open_id when current user is missing: %#v", grant)
 	}
+	if !strings.Contains(stderr.String(), "auto-grant was skipped") {
+		t.Fatalf("stderr missing auto-grant skipped warning; got:\n%s", stderr.String())
+	}
 }
 
 func TestDocsCreateV2UserSkipsPermissionGrantAugmentation(t *testing.T) {
@@ -140,7 +143,7 @@ func TestDocsCreateV2UserSkipsPermissionGrantAugmentation(t *testing.T) {
 func TestDocsCreateV2BotAutoGrantFailureDoesNotFailCreate(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 
-	f, stdout, _, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, docsCreateTestConfig(t, "ou_current_user"))
+	f, stdout, stderr, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, docsCreateTestConfig(t, "ou_current_user"))
 	registerDocsCreateAPIStub(reg, map[string]interface{}{
 		"document": map[string]interface{}{
 			"document_id": "doxcn_new_doc",
@@ -180,6 +183,9 @@ func TestDocsCreateV2BotAutoGrantFailureDoesNotFailCreate(t *testing.T) {
 	if !strings.Contains(grant["message"].(string), "retry later") {
 		t.Fatalf("permission_grant.message = %q, want retry guidance", grant["message"])
 	}
+	if !strings.Contains(stderr.String(), "auto-grant failed") {
+		t.Fatalf("stderr missing auto-grant failed warning; got:\n%s", stderr.String())
+	}
 }
 
 func TestDocsCreateV2FallbackURLWhenBackendOmitsIt(t *testing.T) {

shortcuts/drive/drive_add_comment.go

@@ -47,6 +47,34 @@ const defaultLocateDocLimit = 10
 // with `drive file.comments create_v2` against a fresh docx.
 const maxCommentTotalRunes = 10000
 
+// The file comment API treats supported Drive file comments as full-file
+// comments in the UI, but currently rejects an empty anchor.block_id for file
+// targets. TODO: remove this placeholder after the API accepts omitting
+// anchor.block_id for file full comments.
+const fileFullCommentAnchorBlockID = "test"
+
+// File comments are enabled only for extensions verified to render correctly in
+// the Lark file preview comment UI. Keep this list conservative: PDF, docx, and
+// xlsx currently accept the API request but display poorly in the page.
+var supportedFileCommentExtensions = []string{
+	".md",
+	".txt",
+	".json",
+	".csv",
+	".go",
+	".js",
+	".py",
+	".pptx",
+	".png",
+	".jpg",
+	".jpeg",
+	".zip",
+	".mp3",
+	".mp4",
+}
+
+var supportedFileCommentExtensionSet = newSupportedFileCommentExtensionSet(supportedFileCommentExtensions)
+
 type commentDocRef struct {
 	Kind  string
 	Token string
@@ -93,17 +121,18 @@ const (
 var DriveAddComment = common.Shortcut{
 	Service:     "drive",
 	Command:     "+add-comment",
-	Description: "Add a comment to doc/docx/sheet/slides, also supports wiki URL resolving to doc/docx/sheet/slides",
+	Description: "Add a comment to doc/docx/file/sheet/slides; file targets support selected extensions and full comments only",
 	Risk:        "write",
 	Scopes: []string{
+		"drive:drive.metadata:readonly",
 		"docx:document:readonly",
 		"docs:document.comment:create",
 		"docs:document.comment:write_only",
 	},
 	AuthTypes: []string{"user", "bot"},
 	Flags: []common.Flag{
-		{Name: "doc", Desc: "document URL/token, sheet/slides URL, or wiki URL that resolves to doc/docx/sheet/slides", Required: true},
-		{Name: "type", Desc: "document type: doc, docx, sheet, slides (required when --doc is a bare token; auto-detected for URLs)", Enum: []string{"doc", "docx", "sheet", "slides"}},
+		{Name: "doc", Desc: "document URL/token, file URL/token, sheet/slides URL, or wiki URL that resolves to doc/docx/file/sheet/slides", Required: true},
+		{Name: "type", Desc: "document type: doc, docx, file, sheet, slides (required when --doc is a bare token; auto-detected for URLs)", Enum: []string{"doc", "docx", "file", "sheet", "slides"}},
 		{Name: "content", Desc: "reply_elements JSON string", Required: true},
 		{Name: "full-comment", Type: "bool", Desc: "create a full-document comment; also the default when no location is provided"},
 		{Name: "selection-with-ellipsis", Desc: "target content locator (plain text or 'start...end')"},
@@ -145,7 +174,6 @@ var DriveAddComment = common.Shortcut{
 			}
 			return nil
 		}
-
 		selection := runtime.Str("selection-with-ellipsis")
 		blockID := strings.TrimSpace(runtime.Str("block-id"))
 		if strings.TrimSpace(selection) != "" && blockID != "" {
@@ -156,6 +184,9 @@ var DriveAddComment = common.Shortcut{
 		}
 
 		mode := resolveCommentMode(runtime.Bool("full-comment"), selection, blockID)
+		if docRef.Kind == "file" {
+			return validateFileCommentMode(mode, "")
+		}
 		if mode == commentModeLocal && docRef.Kind == "doc" {
 			return output.ErrValidation("local comments only support docx, sheet, and slides; old doc format only supports full comments")
 		}
@@ -217,6 +248,33 @@ var DriveAddComment = common.Shortcut{
 				Body(commentBody).
 				Set("file_token", resolvedToken)
 		}
+		if resolvedKind == "file" {
+			commentBody := buildCommentCreateV2Request("file", "", "", replyElements, nil)
+			desc := "2-step orchestration: verify supported file metadata -> create file comment"
+			verifyStep := "[1]"
+			createStep := "[2]"
+			if isWiki {
+				desc = "3-step orchestration: resolve wiki -> verify supported file metadata -> create file comment"
+				verifyStep = "[2]"
+				createStep = "[3]"
+			}
+			return common.NewDryRunAPI().
+				Desc(desc).
+				POST("/open-apis/drive/v1/metas/batch_query").
+				Desc(verifyStep+" Read file metadata and verify the title extension is supported").
+				Body(map[string]interface{}{
+					"request_docs": []map[string]interface{}{
+						{
+							"doc_token": resolvedToken,
+							"doc_type":  "file",
+						},
+					},
+				}).
+				POST("/open-apis/drive/v1/files/:file_token/new_comments").
+				Desc(createStep+" Create file full comment").
+				Body(commentBody).
+				Set("file_token", resolvedToken)
+		}
 
 		// Doc/docx comment dry-run.
 		createPath := "/open-apis/drive/v1/files/:file_token/new_comments"
@@ -317,6 +375,9 @@ var DriveAddComment = common.Shortcut{
 		if target.FileType == "slides" {
 			return executeSlidesComment(runtime, commentDocRef{Kind: "slides", Token: target.FileToken})
 		}
+		if target.FileType == "file" {
+			return executeFileComment(runtime, target)
+		}
 
 		replyElements, err := parseCommentReplyElements(runtime.Str("content"))
 		if err != nil {
@@ -421,6 +482,9 @@ func parseCommentDocRef(input, docType string) (commentDocRef, error) {
 	if token, ok := extractURLToken(raw, "/sheets/"); ok {
 		return commentDocRef{Kind: "sheet", Token: token}, nil
 	}
+	if token, ok := extractURLToken(raw, "/file/"); ok {
+		return commentDocRef{Kind: "file", Token: token}, nil
+	}
 	if token, ok := extractURLToken(raw, "/slides/"); ok {
 		return commentDocRef{Kind: "slides", Token: token}, nil
 	}
@@ -431,7 +495,7 @@ func parseCommentDocRef(input, docType string) (commentDocRef, error) {
 		return commentDocRef{Kind: "doc", Token: token}, nil
 	}
 	if strings.Contains(raw, "://") {
-		return commentDocRef{}, output.ErrValidation("unsupported --doc input %q: use a doc/docx/sheet/slides URL, a token with --type, or a wiki URL that resolves to doc/docx/sheet/slides", raw)
+		return commentDocRef{}, output.ErrValidation("unsupported --doc input %q: use a doc/docx/file/sheet/slides URL, a token with --type, or a wiki URL that resolves to doc/docx/file/sheet/slides", raw)
 	}
 	if strings.ContainsAny(raw, "/?#") {
 		return commentDocRef{}, output.ErrValidation("unsupported --doc input %q: use a token with --type, or a wiki URL", raw)
@@ -440,7 +504,7 @@ func parseCommentDocRef(input, docType string) (commentDocRef, error) {
 	// Bare token: --type is required.
 	docType = strings.TrimSpace(docType)
 	if docType == "" {
-		return commentDocRef{}, output.ErrValidation("--type is required when --doc is a bare token (allowed values: doc, docx, sheet, slides)")
+		return commentDocRef{}, output.ErrValidation("--type is required when --doc is a bare token (allowed values: doc, docx, file, sheet, slides)")
 	}
 	return commentDocRef{Kind: docType, Token: raw}, nil
 }
@@ -451,9 +515,16 @@ func resolveCommentTarget(ctx context.Context, runtime *common.RuntimeContext, i
 		return resolvedCommentTarget{}, err
 	}
 
-	if docRef.Kind == "docx" || docRef.Kind == "doc" || docRef.Kind == "sheet" || docRef.Kind == "slides" {
-		if mode == commentModeLocal && docRef.Kind != "docx" && docRef.Kind != "sheet" && docRef.Kind != "slides" {
-			return resolvedCommentTarget{}, output.ErrValidation("local comments only support docx, sheet, and slides; old doc format only supports full comments")
+	if docRef.Kind == "docx" || docRef.Kind == "doc" || docRef.Kind == "file" || docRef.Kind == "sheet" || docRef.Kind == "slides" {
+		if mode == commentModeLocal {
+			switch docRef.Kind {
+			case "doc":
+				return resolvedCommentTarget{}, output.ErrValidation("local comments only support docx, sheet, and slides; old doc format only supports full comments")
+			case "file":
+				if err := validateFileCommentMode(mode, ""); err != nil {
+					return resolvedCommentTarget{}, err
+				}
+			}
 		}
 		return resolvedCommentTarget{
 			DocID:      docRef.Token,
@@ -507,11 +578,24 @@ func resolveCommentTarget(ctx context.Context, runtime *common.RuntimeContext, i
 			WikiToken:  docRef.Token,
 		}, nil
 	}
+	if objType == "file" {
+		if err := validateFileCommentMode(mode, objType); err != nil {
+			return resolvedCommentTarget{}, err
+		}
+		fmt.Fprintf(runtime.IO().ErrOut, "Resolved wiki to %s: %s\n", objType, common.MaskToken(objToken))
+		return resolvedCommentTarget{
+			DocID:      objToken,
+			FileToken:  objToken,
+			FileType:   "file",
+			ResolvedBy: "wiki",
+			WikiToken:  docRef.Token,
+		}, nil
+	}
 	if mode == commentModeLocal && objType != "docx" {
 		return resolvedCommentTarget{}, output.ErrValidation("wiki resolved to %q, but local comments only support docx, sheet, and slides; for sheet use --block-id <sheetId>!<cell>, for slides use --block-id <slide-block-type>!<xml-id>", objType)
 	}
 	if mode == commentModeFull && objType != "docx" && objType != "doc" {
-		return resolvedCommentTarget{}, output.ErrValidation("wiki resolved to %q, but comments only support doc/docx/sheet/slides", objType)
+		return resolvedCommentTarget{}, output.ErrValidation("wiki resolved to %q, but comments only support doc/docx/file/sheet/slides", objType)
 	}
 
 	fmt.Fprintf(runtime.IO().ErrOut, "Resolved wiki to %s: %s\n", objType, common.MaskToken(objToken))
@@ -718,6 +802,10 @@ func buildCommentCreateV2Request(fileType, blockID, slideBlockType string, reply
 			"sheet_col": sheet.Col,
 			"sheet_row": sheet.Row,
 		}
+	} else if fileType == "file" {
+		body["anchor"] = map[string]interface{}{
+			"block_id": fileFullCommentAnchorBlockID,
+		}
 	} else if strings.TrimSpace(blockID) != "" {
 		body["anchor"] = map[string]interface{}{
 			"block_id": blockID,
@@ -809,6 +897,107 @@ func parseSheetCellRef(input string) (*sheetAnchor, error) {
 	return &sheetAnchor{SheetID: sheetID, Col: col, Row: row}, nil
 }
 
+func fetchCommentTargetFileTitle(runtime *common.RuntimeContext, fileToken string) (string, error) {
+	data, err := runtime.CallAPI(
+		"POST",
+		"/open-apis/drive/v1/metas/batch_query",
+		nil,
+		map[string]interface{}{
+			"request_docs": []map[string]interface{}{
+				{
+					"doc_token": fileToken,
+					"doc_type":  "file",
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+
+	metas := common.GetSlice(data, "metas")
+	if len(metas) == 0 {
+		return "", output.Errorf(output.ExitAPI, "api_error", "drive metas.batch_query returned no metadata for file %s", common.MaskToken(fileToken))
+	}
+	meta, ok := metas[0].(map[string]interface{})
+	if !ok {
+		return "", output.Errorf(output.ExitAPI, "api_error", "drive metas.batch_query returned unexpected metadata format for file %s", common.MaskToken(fileToken))
+	}
+	return common.GetString(meta, "title"), nil
+}
+
+func ensureSupportedFileCommentTarget(runtime *common.RuntimeContext, fileToken string) (string, string, error) {
+	title, err := fetchCommentTargetFileTitle(runtime, fileToken)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", "", err
+	}
+	extension := fileCommentExtension(title)
+	if isSupportedFileCommentExtension(extension) {
+		return title, extension, nil
+	}
+	if strings.TrimSpace(title) == "" {
+		return "", "", output.ErrWithHint(
+			output.ExitValidation,
+			"unsupported_file_comment_type",
+			"drive +add-comment does not support comments for this Drive file type yet; the file metadata did not return a title",
+			"file comments currently support full comments only for these extensions: "+supportedFileCommentExtensionsText(),
+		)
+	}
+	extensionLabel := extension
+	if extensionLabel == "" {
+		extensionLabel = "no extension"
+	}
+	return "", "", output.ErrWithHint(
+		output.ExitValidation,
+		"unsupported_file_comment_type",
+		fmt.Sprintf("drive +add-comment does not support comments for this Drive file type yet; got %q (%s)", title, extensionLabel),
+		"file comments currently support full comments only for these extensions: "+supportedFileCommentExtensionsText(),
+	)
+}
+
+func fileCommentExtension(title string) string {
+	title = strings.TrimSpace(title)
+	idx := strings.LastIndex(title, ".")
+	if idx == 0 {
+		extension := strings.ToLower(title)
+		if isSupportedFileCommentExtension(extension) {
+			return extension
+		}
+		return ""
+	}
+	if idx < 0 || idx == len(title)-1 {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return strings.ToLower(title[idx:])
+}
+
+func isSupportedFileCommentExtension(extension string) bool {
+	_, ok := supportedFileCommentExtensionSet[strings.TrimSpace(extension)]
+	return ok
+}
+
+func supportedFileCommentExtensionsText() string {
+	return strings.Join(supportedFileCommentExtensions, ", ")
+}
+
+func newSupportedFileCommentExtensionSet(extensions []string) map[string]struct{} {
+	set := make(map[string]struct{}, len(extensions))
+	for _, extension := range extensions {
+		set[extension] = struct{}{}
+	}
+	return set
+}
+
+func validateFileCommentMode(mode commentMode, resolvedObjType string) error {
+	if mode != commentModeLocal {
+		return nil
+	}
+	if resolvedObjType != "" {
+		return output.ErrValidation("wiki resolved to %q, but file comments only support full comments; omit --block-id and --selection-with-ellipsis", resolvedObjType)
+	}
+	return output.ErrValidation("file comments only support full comments; omit --block-id and --selection-with-ellipsis")
+}
+
 func executeSheetComment(runtime *common.RuntimeContext, docRef commentDocRef) error {
 	replyElements, err := parseCommentReplyElements(runtime.Str("content"))
 	if err != nil {
@@ -849,6 +1038,48 @@ func executeSheetComment(runtime *common.RuntimeContext, docRef commentDocRef) e
 	return nil
 }
 
+func executeFileComment(runtime *common.RuntimeContext, target resolvedCommentTarget) error {
+	replyElements, err := parseCommentReplyElements(runtime.Str("content"))
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	title, extension, err := ensureSupportedFileCommentTarget(runtime, target.FileToken)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	requestPath := fmt.Sprintf("/open-apis/drive/v1/files/%s/new_comments", validate.EncodePathSegment(target.FileToken))
+	requestBody := buildCommentCreateV2Request("file", "", "", replyElements, nil)
+
+	fmt.Fprintf(runtime.IO().ErrOut, "Creating file comment in %s (%s)\n", common.MaskToken(target.FileToken), extension)
+
+	data, err := runtime.CallAPI("POST", requestPath, nil, requestBody)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	out := map[string]interface{}{
+		"comment_id":     data["comment_id"],
+		"doc_id":         target.DocID,
+		"file_token":     target.FileToken,
+		"file_type":      "file",
+		"file_name":      title,
+		"file_extension": extension,
+		"resolved_by":    target.ResolvedBy,
+		"comment_mode":   string(commentModeFull),
+	}
+	if createdAt := firstPresentValue(data, "created_at", "create_time"); createdAt != nil {
+		out["created_at"] = createdAt
+	}
+	if target.WikiToken != "" {
+		out["wiki_token"] = target.WikiToken
+	}
+
+	runtime.Out(out, nil)
+	return nil
+}
+
 func executeSlidesComment(runtime *common.RuntimeContext, docRef commentDocRef) error {
 	replyElements, err := parseCommentReplyElements(runtime.Str("content"))
 	if err != nil {

shortcuts/drive/drive_add_comment_test.go

@@ -105,6 +105,13 @@ func TestParseCommentDocRef(t *testing.T) {
 			wantKind:  "doc",
 			wantToken: "docToken",
 		},
+		{
+			name:      "raw token with type file",
+			input:     "fileToken",
+			docType:   "file",
+			wantKind:  "file",
+			wantToken: "fileToken",
+		},
 		{
 			name:    "raw token without type",
 			input:   "xxxxxx",
@@ -122,6 +129,12 @@ func TestParseCommentDocRef(t *testing.T) {
 			wantKind:  "slides",
 			wantToken: "pres_123",
 		},
+		{
+			name:      "file url",
+			input:     "https://example.larksuite.com/file/boxcn123?from=share",
+			wantKind:  "file",
+			wantToken: "boxcn123",
+		},
 		{
 			name:    "unsupported url",
 			input:   "https://example.com/not-a-doc",
@@ -545,6 +558,29 @@ func TestBuildCommentCreateV2RequestFull(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestBuildCommentCreateV2RequestFile(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	replyElements := []map[string]interface{}{
+		{
+			"type": "text",
+			"text": "README comment",
+		},
+	}
+	got := buildCommentCreateV2Request("file", "", "", replyElements, nil)
+
+	if got["file_type"] != "file" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected file_type file, got %#v", got["file_type"])
+	}
+	anchor, ok := got["anchor"].(map[string]interface{})
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("expected anchor map, got %#v", got["anchor"])
+	}
+	if blockID, ok := anchor["block_id"].(string); !ok || blockID != fileFullCommentAnchorBlockID {
+		t.Fatalf("expected file anchor.block_id %q, got %#v", fileFullCommentAnchorBlockID, anchor["block_id"])
+	}
+}
+
 func TestBuildCommentCreateV2RequestLocal(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 
@@ -906,6 +942,34 @@ func TestSlidesCommentValidateCompoundBlockID(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestFileCommentValidateRejectsBlockID(t *testing.T) {
+	f, stdout, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, driveTestConfig())
+	err := mountAndRunDrive(t, DriveAddComment, []string{
+		"+add-comment",
+		"--doc", "https://example.larksuite.com/file/fileToken",
+		"--content", `[{"type":"text","text":"test"}]`,
+		"--block-id", "blk_123",
+		"--as", "user",
+	}, f, stdout)
+	if err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "file comments only support full comments") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected file local-comment rejection, got: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestFileCommentValidateRejectsSelectionWithEllipsis(t *testing.T) {
+	f, stdout, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, driveTestConfig())
+	err := mountAndRunDrive(t, DriveAddComment, []string{
+		"+add-comment",
+		"--doc", "https://example.larksuite.com/file/fileToken",
+		"--content", `[{"type":"text","text":"test"}]`,
+		"--selection-with-ellipsis", "something",
+		"--as", "user",
+	}, f, stdout)
+	if err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "file comments only support full comments") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected file local-comment rejection, got: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
 // ── Slides comment execute tests ────────────────────────────────────────────
 
 func TestSlidesCommentExecuteSuccess(t *testing.T) {
@@ -1116,6 +1180,146 @@ func TestSheetCommentViaWikiMissingBlockID(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestFileCommentExecuteSuccess(t *testing.T) {
+	f, stdout, _, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, driveTestConfig())
+	reg.Register(&httpmock.Stub{
+		Method: "POST", URL: "/open-apis/drive/v1/metas/batch_query",
+		Body: map[string]interface{}{
+			"code": 0, "msg": "success",
+			"data": map[string]interface{}{
+				"metas": []interface{}{
+					map[string]interface{}{"title": "README.txt"},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	})
+	reg.Register(&httpmock.Stub{
+		Method: "POST", URL: "/open-apis/drive/v1/files/fileToken/new_comments",
+		Body: map[string]interface{}{
+			"code": 0, "msg": "success",
+			"data": map[string]interface{}{"comment_id": "fileComment123", "created_at": 1700000000},
+		},
+	})
+	err := mountAndRunDrive(t, DriveAddComment, []string{
+		"+add-comment",
+		"--doc", "https://example.larksuite.com/file/fileToken",
+		"--content", `[{"type":"text","text":"请补充 README 示例"}]`,
+		"--as", "user",
+	}, f, stdout)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(stdout.String(), "fileComment123") {
+		t.Fatalf("stdout missing comment_id: %s", stdout.String())
+	}
+	out := decodeJSONMap(t, stdout.String())
+	data := mustMapValue(t, out["data"], "data")
+	if got := mustStringField(t, data, "file_type", "data.file_type"); got != "file" {
+		t.Fatalf("stdout file_type = %q, want file\nstdout:\n%s", got, stdout.String())
+	}
+	if got := mustStringField(t, data, "file_name", "data.file_name"); got != "README.txt" {
+		t.Fatalf("stdout file_name = %q, want README.txt\nstdout:\n%s", got, stdout.String())
+	}
+	if got := mustStringField(t, data, "file_extension", "data.file_extension"); got != ".txt" {
+		t.Fatalf("stdout file_extension = %q, want .txt\nstdout:\n%s", got, stdout.String())
+	}
+}
+
+func TestFileCommentExecuteRejectsUnsupportedFileType(t *testing.T) {
+	f, stdout, _, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, driveTestConfig())
+	reg.Register(&httpmock.Stub{
+		Method: "POST", URL: "/open-apis/drive/v1/metas/batch_query",
+		Body: map[string]interface{}{
+			"code": 0, "msg": "success",
+			"data": map[string]interface{}{
+				"metas": []interface{}{
+					map[string]interface{}{"title": "notes.pdf"},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	})
+	err := mountAndRunDrive(t, DriveAddComment, []string{
+		"+add-comment",
+		"--doc", "https://example.larksuite.com/file/fileToken",
+		"--content", `[{"type":"text","text":"test"}]`,
+		"--as", "user",
+	}, f, stdout)
+	if err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "does not support comments for this Drive file type yet") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected unsupported file comment type error, got: %v", err)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "notes.pdf") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected error to mention unsupported title, got: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestFileCommentExecuteRejectsUnexpectedMetadataFormat(t *testing.T) {
+	f, stdout, _, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, driveTestConfig())
+	reg.Register(&httpmock.Stub{
+		Method: "POST", URL: "/open-apis/drive/v1/metas/batch_query",
+		Body: map[string]interface{}{
+			"code": 0, "msg": "success",
+			"data": map[string]interface{}{
+				"metas": []interface{}{"unexpected"},
+			},
+		},
+	})
+	err := mountAndRunDrive(t, DriveAddComment, []string{
+		"+add-comment",
+		"--doc", "https://example.larksuite.com/file/fileToken",
+		"--content", `[{"type":"text","text":"test"}]`,
+		"--as", "user",
+	}, f, stdout)
+	if err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "unexpected metadata format") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected unexpected metadata format error, got: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestFileCommentSupportedExtensions(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	supported := []string{
+		"README.md",
+		"notes.TXT",
+		"data.json",
+		"table.csv",
+		"main.go",
+		"app.js",
+		"script.py",
+		"slides.pptx",
+		"image.png",
+		"photo.jpg",
+		"photo.jpeg",
+		".md",
+		"archive.zip",
+		"audio.mp3",
+		"video.mp4",
+	}
+	for _, title := range supported {
+		extension := fileCommentExtension(title)
+		if !isSupportedFileCommentExtension(extension) {
+			t.Fatalf("%s extension %q should be supported", title, extension)
+		}
+	}
+
+	unsupported := []string{
+		"report.pdf",
+		"word.docx",
+		"sheet.xlsx",
+		"unknown.bin",
+		"no-extension",
+		".gitignore",
+	}
+	for _, title := range unsupported {
+		extension := fileCommentExtension(title)
+		if isSupportedFileCommentExtension(extension) {
+			t.Fatalf("%s extension %q should not be supported", title, extension)
+		}
+	}
+	if extension := fileCommentExtension(".gitignore"); extension != "" {
+		t.Fatalf("dotfile extension = %q, want empty", extension)
+	}
+}
+
 // ── DryRun coverage ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 
 func TestDryRunSheetDirectURL(t *testing.T) {
@@ -1346,6 +1550,43 @@ func TestDryRunDocxFullComment(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestDryRunFileDirectURL(t *testing.T) {
+	f, stdout, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, driveTestConfig())
+	err := mountAndRunDrive(t, DriveAddComment, []string{
+		"+add-comment",
+		"--doc", "https://example.larksuite.com/file/fileToken",
+		"--content", `[{"type":"text","text":"test"}]`,
+		"--dry-run", "--as", "user",
+	}, f, stdout)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(stdout.String(), "verify supported file metadata") {
+		t.Fatalf("dry-run output missing supported file metadata verification step: %s", stdout.String())
+	}
+	out := decodeJSONMap(t, stdout.String())
+	api := mustSliceValue(t, out["api"], "api")
+	if len(api) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 2 dry-run api calls, got %d\nstdout:\n%s", len(api), stdout.String())
+	}
+	verifyCall := mustMapValue(t, api[0], "api[0]")
+	createCall := mustMapValue(t, api[1], "api[1]")
+	verifyBody := mustMapValue(t, verifyCall["body"], "api[0].body")
+	createBody := mustMapValue(t, createCall["body"], "api[1].body")
+	requestDocs := mustSliceValue(t, verifyBody["request_docs"], "api[0].body.request_docs")
+	requestDoc := mustMapValue(t, requestDocs[0], "api[0].body.request_docs[0]")
+	if got := mustStringField(t, requestDoc, "doc_type", "api[0].body.request_docs[0].doc_type"); got != "file" {
+		t.Fatalf("metadata query doc_type = %q, want file\nstdout:\n%s", got, stdout.String())
+	}
+	if got := mustStringField(t, createBody, "file_type", "api[1].body.file_type"); got != "file" {
+		t.Fatalf("comment create file_type = %q, want file\nstdout:\n%s", got, stdout.String())
+	}
+	anchor := mustMapValue(t, createBody["anchor"], "api[1].body.anchor")
+	if got := mustStringField(t, anchor, "block_id", "api[1].body.anchor.block_id"); got != fileFullCommentAnchorBlockID {
+		t.Fatalf("comment create anchor.block_id = %q, want %q\nstdout:\n%s", got, fileFullCommentAnchorBlockID, stdout.String())
+	}
+}
+
 // ── resolveCommentTarget coverage ───────────────────────────────────────────
 
 func TestResolveWikiToDocxFullComment(t *testing.T) {
@@ -1397,7 +1638,7 @@ func TestResolveWikiToUnsupportedType(t *testing.T) {
 		"--content", `[{"type":"text","text":"test"}]`,
 		"--as", "user",
 	}, f, stdout)
-	if err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "only support doc/docx/sheet/slides") {
+	if err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "only support doc/docx/file/sheet/slides") {
 		t.Fatalf("expected unsupported type error, got: %v", err)
 	}
 }

shortcuts/drive/drive_export.go

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ import (
 var DriveExport = common.Shortcut{
 	Service:     "drive",
 	Command:     "+export",
-	Description: "Export a doc/docx/sheet/bitable to a local file with limited polling",
+	Description: "Export a doc/docx/sheet/bitable/slides to a local file with limited polling",
 	Risk:        "read",
 	Scopes: []string{
 		"docs:document.content:read",
@@ -32,8 +32,8 @@ var DriveExport = common.Shortcut{
 	AuthTypes: []string{"user", "bot"},
 	Flags: []common.Flag{
 		{Name: "token", Desc: "source document token", Required: true},
-		{Name: "doc-type", Desc: "source document type: doc | docx | sheet | bitable", Required: true, Enum: []string{"doc", "docx", "sheet", "bitable"}},
-		{Name: "file-extension", Desc: "export format: docx | pdf | xlsx | csv | markdown | base (bitable only)", Required: true, Enum: []string{"docx", "pdf", "xlsx", "csv", "markdown", "base"}},
+		{Name: "doc-type", Desc: "source document type: doc | docx | sheet | bitable | slides", Required: true, Enum: []string{"doc", "docx", "sheet", "bitable", "slides"}},
+		{Name: "file-extension", Desc: "export format: docx | pdf | xlsx | csv | markdown | base (bitable only) | pptx (slides only)", Required: true, Enum: []string{"docx", "pdf", "xlsx", "csv", "markdown", "base", "pptx"}},
 		{Name: "sub-id", Desc: "sub-table/sheet ID, required when exporting sheet/bitable as csv"},
 		{Name: "file-name", Desc: "preferred output filename (optional)"},
 		{Name: "output-dir", Default: ".", Desc: "local output directory (default: current directory)"},

shortcuts/drive/drive_export_common.go

@@ -131,15 +131,15 @@ func validateDriveExportSpec(spec driveExportSpec) error {
 	}
 
 	switch spec.DocType {
-	case "doc", "docx", "sheet", "bitable":
+	case "doc", "docx", "sheet", "bitable", "slides":
 	default:
-		return output.ErrValidation("invalid --doc-type %q: allowed values are doc, docx, sheet, bitable", spec.DocType)
+		return output.ErrValidation("invalid --doc-type %q: allowed values are doc, docx, sheet, bitable, slides", spec.DocType)
 	}
 
 	switch spec.FileExtension {
-	case "docx", "pdf", "xlsx", "csv", "markdown", "base":
+	case "docx", "pdf", "xlsx", "csv", "markdown", "base", "pptx":
 	default:
-		return output.ErrValidation("invalid --file-extension %q: allowed values are docx, pdf, xlsx, csv, markdown, base", spec.FileExtension)
+		return output.ErrValidation("invalid --file-extension %q: allowed values are docx, pdf, xlsx, csv, markdown, base, pptx", spec.FileExtension)
 	}
 
 	if spec.FileExtension == "markdown" && spec.DocType != "docx" {
@@ -150,6 +150,14 @@ func validateDriveExportSpec(spec driveExportSpec) error {
 		return output.ErrValidation("--file-extension base only supports --doc-type bitable")
 	}
 
+	if spec.FileExtension == "pptx" && spec.DocType != "slides" {
+		return output.ErrValidation("--file-extension pptx only supports --doc-type slides")
+	}
+
+	if spec.DocType == "slides" && spec.FileExtension != "pptx" && spec.FileExtension != "pdf" {
+		return output.ErrValidation("--doc-type slides only supports --file-extension pptx or pdf")
+	}
+
 	if strings.TrimSpace(spec.SubID) != "" {
 		if spec.FileExtension != "csv" || (spec.DocType != "sheet" && spec.DocType != "bitable") {
 			return output.ErrValidation("--sub-id is only used when exporting sheet/bitable as csv")
@@ -345,6 +353,8 @@ func exportFileSuffix(fileExtension string) string {
 		return ".csv"
 	case "base":
 		return ".base"
+	case "pptx":
+		return ".pptx"
 	default:
 		return ""
 	}

shortcuts/drive/drive_export_common_test.go

@@ -70,4 +70,10 @@ func TestSanitizeExportFileNameAndEnsureExtension(t *testing.T) {
 	if got := exportFileSuffix("base"); got != ".base" {
 		t.Fatalf("exportFileSuffix(base) = %q, want %q", got, ".base")
 	}
+	if got := ensureExportFileExtension("report", "pptx"); got != "report.pptx" {
+		t.Fatalf("ensureExportFileExtension() = %q, want %q", got, "report.pptx")
+	}
+	if got := ensureExportFileExtension("report.pptx", "pptx"); got != "report.pptx" {
+		t.Fatalf("ensureExportFileExtension() should preserve suffix, got %q", got)
+	}
 }

shortcuts/drive/drive_export_test.go

@@ -50,11 +50,34 @@ func TestValidateDriveExportSpec(t *testing.T) {
 			name: "base bitable ok",
 			spec: driveExportSpec{Token: "base123", DocType: "bitable", FileExtension: "base"},
 		},
+		{
+			name: "slides pptx ok",
+			spec: driveExportSpec{Token: "slides123", DocType: "slides", FileExtension: "pptx"},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "slides pdf ok",
+			spec: driveExportSpec{Token: "slides123", DocType: "slides", FileExtension: "pdf"},
+		},
 		{
 			name:    "base non bitable rejected",
 			spec:    driveExportSpec{Token: "sheet123", DocType: "sheet", FileExtension: "base"},
 			wantErr: "only supports --doc-type bitable",
 		},
+		{
+			name:    "pptx non slides rejected",
+			spec:    driveExportSpec{Token: "docx123", DocType: "docx", FileExtension: "pptx"},
+			wantErr: "only supports --doc-type slides",
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "slides csv rejected",
+			spec:    driveExportSpec{Token: "slides123", DocType: "slides", FileExtension: "csv"},
+			wantErr: "slides only supports",
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "unknown doc type rejected",
+			spec:    driveExportSpec{Token: "docx123", DocType: "unknown", FileExtension: "pdf"},
+			wantErr: "invalid --doc-type",
+		},
 		{
 			name:    "unknown file extension rejected",
 			spec:    driveExportSpec{Token: "docx123", DocType: "docx", FileExtension: "rtf"},

shortcuts/drive/drive_io_test.go

@@ -604,9 +604,9 @@ func TestDriveUploadSmallFileToWiki(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-func TestDriveUploadFallbackURLForExplorerParent(t *testing.T) {
+func TestDriveUploadUsesMetaURLForExplorerParent(t *testing.T) {
 	uploadTestConfig := &core.CliConfig{
-		AppID: "drive-upload-explorer-fallback-url", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: core.BrandFeishu,
+		AppID: "drive-upload-explorer-meta-url", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: core.BrandFeishu,
 	}
 	f, stdout, _, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, uploadTestConfig)
 
@@ -615,12 +615,21 @@ func TestDriveUploadFallbackURLForExplorerParent(t *testing.T) {
 		URL:    "/open-apis/drive/v1/files/upload_all",
 		Body: map[string]interface{}{
 			"code": 0, "msg": "ok",
-			// upload_all only ever returns file_token; url is never present —
-			// this exercises the fallback path unconditionally for explorer
-			// parents.
 			"data": map[string]interface{}{"file_token": "file_explorer_small"},
 		},
 	})
+	reg.Register(&httpmock.Stub{
+		Method: "POST",
+		URL:    "/open-apis/drive/v1/metas/batch_query",
+		Body: map[string]interface{}{
+			"code": 0, "msg": "ok",
+			"data": map[string]interface{}{
+				"metas": []map[string]interface{}{
+					{"doc_token": "file_explorer_small", "doc_type": "file", "url": "https://tenant.example.com/file/file_explorer_small"},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	})
 
 	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
 	origDir, _ := os.Getwd()
@@ -641,14 +650,14 @@ func TestDriveUploadFallbackURLForExplorerParent(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	data := decodeDriveEnvelope(t, stdout)
-	if got, want := data["url"], "https://www.feishu.cn/file/file_explorer_small"; got != want {
-		t.Fatalf("data.url = %#v, want %q (brand-standard fallback)", got, want)
+	if got, want := data["url"], "https://tenant.example.com/file/file_explorer_small"; got != want {
+		t.Fatalf("data.url = %#v, want %q (metadata URL)", got, want)
 	}
 }
 
-func TestDriveUploadOmitsURLForWikiParent(t *testing.T) {
+func TestDriveUploadUsesMetaURLForWikiParent(t *testing.T) {
 	uploadTestConfig := &core.CliConfig{
-		AppID: "drive-upload-wiki-no-url", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: core.BrandFeishu,
+		AppID: "drive-upload-wiki-meta-url", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: core.BrandFeishu,
 	}
 	f, stdout, _, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, uploadTestConfig)
 
@@ -660,6 +669,18 @@ func TestDriveUploadOmitsURLForWikiParent(t *testing.T) {
 			"data": map[string]interface{}{"file_token": "file_wiki_small"},
 		},
 	})
+	reg.Register(&httpmock.Stub{
+		Method: "POST",
+		URL:    "/open-apis/drive/v1/metas/batch_query",
+		Body: map[string]interface{}{
+			"code": 0, "msg": "ok",
+			"data": map[string]interface{}{
+				"metas": []map[string]interface{}{
+					{"doc_token": "file_wiki_small", "doc_type": "file", "url": "https://tenant.example.com/file/file_wiki_small"},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	})
 
 	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
 	withDriveWorkingDir(t, tmpDir)
@@ -677,8 +698,8 @@ func TestDriveUploadOmitsURLForWikiParent(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	data := decodeDriveEnvelope(t, stdout)
-	if _, ok := data["url"]; ok {
-		t.Fatalf("data.url should be omitted for wiki-hosted files (no standalone URL); got %#v", data["url"])
+	if got, want := data["url"], "https://tenant.example.com/file/file_wiki_small"; got != want {
+		t.Fatalf("data.url = %#v, want %q (metadata URL)", got, want)
 	}
 }
 
@@ -1078,14 +1099,15 @@ func TestDriveUploadDryRunUsesWikiTarget(t *testing.T) {
 
 	var got struct {
 		API []struct {
+			URL  string                 `json:"url"`
 			Body map[string]interface{} `json:"body"`
 		} `json:"api"`
 	}
 	if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &got); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("unmarshal dry run json: %v", err)
 	}
-	if len(got.API) != 1 {
-		t.Fatalf("expected 1 API call, got %d", len(got.API))
+	if len(got.API) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 2 API calls, got %d", len(got.API))
 	}
 	if got.API[0].Body["parent_type"] != driveUploadParentTypeWiki {
 		t.Fatalf("parent_type = %#v, want %q", got.API[0].Body["parent_type"], driveUploadParentTypeWiki)
@@ -1093,6 +1115,12 @@ func TestDriveUploadDryRunUsesWikiTarget(t *testing.T) {
 	if got.API[0].Body["parent_node"] != "wikcn_dryrun_upload_target" {
 		t.Fatalf("parent_node = %#v, want %q", got.API[0].Body["parent_node"], "wikcn_dryrun_upload_target")
 	}
+	if got.API[1].URL != "/open-apis/drive/v1/metas/batch_query" {
+		t.Fatalf("metadata URL = %q, want metas/batch_query", got.API[1].URL)
+	}
+	if got.API[1].Body["with_url"] != true {
+		t.Fatalf("metadata with_url = %#v, want true", got.API[1].Body["with_url"])
+	}
 }
 
 func TestNewDriveUploadSpecPreservesPathAndName(t *testing.T) {
@@ -1168,18 +1196,25 @@ func TestDriveUploadDryRunIncludesFileToken(t *testing.T) {
 
 	var got struct {
 		API []struct {
+			URL  string                 `json:"url"`
 			Body map[string]interface{} `json:"body"`
 		} `json:"api"`
 	}
 	if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &got); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("unmarshal dry run json: %v", err)
 	}
-	if len(got.API) != 1 {
-		t.Fatalf("expected 1 API call, got %d", len(got.API))
+	if len(got.API) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 2 API calls, got %d", len(got.API))
 	}
 	if got.API[0].Body["file_token"] != "boxcn_dryrun_overwrite" {
 		t.Fatalf("file_token = %#v, want %q", got.API[0].Body["file_token"], "boxcn_dryrun_overwrite")
 	}
+	if got.API[1].URL != "/open-apis/drive/v1/metas/batch_query" {
+		t.Fatalf("metadata URL = %q, want metas/batch_query", got.API[1].URL)
+	}
+	if got.API[1].Body["with_url"] != true {
+		t.Fatalf("metadata with_url = %#v, want true", got.API[1].Body["with_url"])
+	}
 }
 
 func TestDriveUploadDryRunBotOverwriteSkipsPermissionGrantHint(t *testing.T) {
@@ -1222,8 +1257,8 @@ func TestDriveUploadDryRunBotOverwriteSkipsPermissionGrantHint(t *testing.T) {
 	if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &got); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("unmarshal dry run json: %v", err)
 	}
-	if len(got.API) != 1 {
-		t.Fatalf("expected 1 API call, got %d", len(got.API))
+	if len(got.API) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 2 API calls, got %d", len(got.API))
 	}
 	if got.API[0].Body["file_token"] != "boxcn_dryrun_overwrite" {
 		t.Fatalf("file_token = %#v, want %q", got.API[0].Body["file_token"], "boxcn_dryrun_overwrite")

shortcuts/drive/drive_permission_grant_test.go

@@ -284,3 +284,94 @@ func decodeCapturedJSONBody(t *testing.T, stub *httpmock.Stub) map[string]interf
 	}
 	return body
 }
+
+func TestDriveUploadBotAutoGrantSkippedNoUser(t *testing.T) {
+	f, stdout, _, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, drivePermissionGrantTestConfig(t, ""))
+	registerDriveBotTokenStub(reg)
+
+	reg.Register(&httpmock.Stub{
+		Method: "POST",
+		URL:    "/open-apis/drive/v1/files/upload_all",
+		Body: map[string]interface{}{
+			"code": 0,
+			"msg":  "ok",
+			"data": map[string]interface{}{
+				"file_token": "file_skipped",
+			},
+		},
+	})
+
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	withDriveWorkingDir(t, tmpDir)
+	if err := os.WriteFile("report.pdf", []byte("pdf"), 0644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("WriteFile() error: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	err := mountAndRunDrive(t, DriveUpload, []string{
+		"+upload",
+		"--file", "report.pdf",
+		"--as", "bot",
+	}, f, stdout)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	data := decodeDriveEnvelope(t, stdout)
+	grant, _ := data["permission_grant"].(map[string]interface{})
+	if grant["status"] != common.PermissionGrantSkipped {
+		t.Fatalf("permission_grant.status = %#v, want %q", grant["status"], common.PermissionGrantSkipped)
+	}
+	if hint, ok := grant["hint"].(string); !ok || !strings.Contains(hint, "auth login") {
+		t.Fatalf("hint = %#v, want string containing 'auth login'", grant["hint"])
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDriveUploadBotAutoGrantFailed(t *testing.T) {
+	f, stdout, _, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, drivePermissionGrantTestConfig(t, "ou_current_user"))
+	registerDriveBotTokenStub(reg)
+
+	reg.Register(&httpmock.Stub{
+		Method: "POST",
+		URL:    "/open-apis/drive/v1/files/upload_all",
+		Body: map[string]interface{}{
+			"code": 0,
+			"msg":  "ok",
+			"data": map[string]interface{}{
+				"file_token": "file_grant_fail",
+			},
+		},
+	})
+
+	reg.Register(&httpmock.Stub{
+		Method: "POST",
+		URL:    "/open-apis/drive/v1/permissions/file_grant_fail/members",
+		Body: map[string]interface{}{
+			"code": 230001,
+			"msg":  "no permission",
+		},
+	})
+
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	withDriveWorkingDir(t, tmpDir)
+	if err := os.WriteFile("report.pdf", []byte("pdf"), 0644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("WriteFile() error: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	err := mountAndRunDrive(t, DriveUpload, []string{
+		"+upload",
+		"--file", "report.pdf",
+		"--as", "bot",
+	}, f, stdout)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	data := decodeDriveEnvelope(t, stdout)
+	grant, _ := data["permission_grant"].(map[string]interface{})
+	if grant["status"] != common.PermissionGrantFailed {
+		t.Fatalf("permission_grant.status = %#v, want %q", grant["status"], common.PermissionGrantFailed)
+	}
+	if hint, ok := grant["hint"].(string); !ok || !strings.Contains(hint, "Retry later") {
+		t.Fatalf("hint = %#v, want string containing 'Retry later'", grant["hint"])
+	}
+}

shortcuts/drive/drive_upload.go

@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ var DriveUpload = common.Shortcut{
 	Command:     "+upload",
 	Description: "Upload a local file to Drive",
 	Risk:        "write",
-	Scopes:      []string{"drive:file:upload"},
+	Scopes:      []string{"drive:file:upload", "drive:drive.metadata:readonly"},
 	AuthTypes:   []string{"user", "bot"},
 	Flags: []common.Flag{
 		{Name: "file", Desc: "local file path (files > 20MB use multipart upload automatically)", Required: true},
@@ -124,11 +124,22 @@ var DriveUpload = common.Shortcut{
 			body["file_token"] = spec.FileToken
 		}
 		d := common.NewDryRunAPI().
-			Desc("multipart/form-data upload (files > 20MB use chunked 3-step upload)").
+			Desc("multipart/form-data upload (files > 20MB use chunked 3-step upload), then fetch the real Drive URL via metadata").
 			POST("/open-apis/drive/v1/files/upload_all").
 			Body(body)
+		d.POST("/open-apis/drive/v1/metas/batch_query").
+			Desc("Fetch the uploaded file's real access URL").
+			Body(map[string]interface{}{
+				"request_docs": []map[string]interface{}{
+					{
+						"doc_token": "<file_token from upload response>",
+						"doc_type":  "file",
+					},
+				},
+				"with_url": true,
+			})
 		if runtime.IsBot() && !isOverwrite {
-			d.Desc("After file upload succeeds in bot mode, the CLI will also try to grant the current CLI user full_access (可管理权限) on the new file.")
+			d.Set("post_upload_note", "After file upload succeeds in bot mode, the CLI will also try to grant the current CLI user full_access (可管理权限) on the new file.")
 		}
 		return d
 	},
@@ -165,13 +176,10 @@ var DriveUpload = common.Shortcut{
 		if uploadResult.Version != "" {
 			out["version"] = uploadResult.Version
 		}
-		// wiki-hosted files have no standalone /file/<token> URL — only the
-		// wiki node URL, which the upload response doesn't carry. Skip the
-		// fallback for parent_type=wiki rather than emit a link that 404s.
-		if target.ParentType == driveUploadParentTypeExplorer {
-			if u := common.BuildResourceURL(runtime.Config.Brand, "file", uploadResult.FileToken); u != "" {
-				out["url"] = u
-			}
+		if u, metaErr := common.FetchDriveMetaURL(runtime, uploadResult.FileToken, "file"); metaErr == nil && strings.TrimSpace(u) != "" {
+			out["url"] = u
+		} else if metaErr != nil {
+			fmt.Fprintf(runtime.IO().ErrOut, "warning: uploaded file URL lookup failed: %v\n", metaErr)
 		}
 		if !isOverwrite {
 			if grant := common.AutoGrantCurrentUserDrivePermission(runtime, uploadResult.FileToken, "file"); grant != nil {

shortcuts/im/helpers.go

@@ -911,12 +911,16 @@ func marshalMarkdownPostContent(content [][]map[string]interface{}) string {
 			"content": content,
 		},
 	}
-	return marshalJSONNoEscape(payload)
+	data, _ := json.Marshal(payload)
+	return string(data)
 }
 
 func buildSingleMDPost(markdown string) string {
 	return marshalMarkdownPostContent([][]map[string]interface{}{
-		buildPostElementNodes(optimizeMarkdownStyle(markdown)),
+		{{
+			"tag":  "md",
+			"text": optimizeMarkdownStyle(markdown),
+		}},
 	})
 }
 
@@ -940,7 +944,10 @@ func buildSegmentedPost(markdown string) string {
 		if optimized == "" {
 			continue
 		}
-		content = append(content, buildPostElementNodes(optimized))
+		content = append(content, []map[string]interface{}{{
+			"tag":  "md",
+			"text": optimized,
+		}})
 	}
 	if len(content) == 0 {
 		return buildSingleMDPost(markdown)
@@ -955,186 +962,8 @@ func buildMarkdownPostContent(markdown string) string {
 	return buildSingleMDPost(markdown)
 }
 
-// buildPostElementNodes splits optimized markdown text into Feishu post inline
-// elements. It tokenizes markdown links/images and bare http(s) URLs:
-//   - markdown links are kept verbatim inside a {"tag":"md"} segment
-//   - bare URLs become {"tag":"a"} elements rendered natively by Feishu,
-//     avoiding the md renderer misinterpreting underscores as italic markers
-//
-// Fenced code blocks are protected before tokenization so their content remains
-// a single md segment, and bare URLs support balanced parentheses in the path.
-func buildPostElementNodes(text string) []map[string]interface{} {
-	protected, codeBlocks := protectMarkdownCodeBlocks(text)
-	if protected == "" {
-		return []map[string]interface{}{{
-			"tag":  "md",
-			"text": text,
-		}}
-	}
-	elems := make([]map[string]interface{}, 0, 4)
-	prev := 0
-	for i := 0; i < len(protected); {
-		end, kind, ok := scanPostToken(protected, i)
-		if !ok {
-			i++
-			continue
-		}
-		if i > prev {
-			elems = appendMDPostNode(elems, restoreMarkdownCodeBlocks(protected[prev:i], codeBlocks))
-		}
-
-		token := protected[i:end]
-		if kind == postTokenMarkdown {
-			elems = appendMDPostNode(elems, restoreMarkdownCodeBlocks(token, codeBlocks))
-		} else {
-			url := trimBareURLToken(token)
-			if url == "" {
-				url = token
-			}
-			elems = append(elems, map[string]interface{}{
-				"tag":  "a",
-				"text": url,
-				"href": url,
-			})
-			elems = appendMDPostNode(elems, restoreMarkdownCodeBlocks(token[len(url):], codeBlocks))
-		}
-		prev = end
-		i = end
-	}
-	if prev < len(protected) {
-		elems = appendMDPostNode(elems, restoreMarkdownCodeBlocks(protected[prev:], codeBlocks))
-	}
-	if len(elems) == 0 {
-		return []map[string]interface{}{{
-			"tag":  "md",
-			"text": text,
-		}}
-	}
-	return elems
-}
-
-func trimBareURLToken(token string) string {
-	trimmed := strings.TrimRight(token, ".,;:!?")
-	for strings.HasSuffix(trimmed, ")") && strings.Count(trimmed, "(") < strings.Count(trimmed, ")") {
-		trimmed = strings.TrimSuffix(trimmed, ")")
-	}
-	return trimmed
-}
-
-type postTokenKind int
-
-const (
-	postTokenMarkdown postTokenKind = iota
-	postTokenURL
-)
-
-func appendMDPostNode(elems []map[string]interface{}, text string) []map[string]interface{} {
-	if text == "" {
-		return elems
-	}
-	return append(elems, map[string]interface{}{
-		"tag":  "md",
-		"text": text,
-	})
-}
-
-func scanPostToken(text string, start int) (end int, kind postTokenKind, ok bool) {
-	if end, ok = scanMarkdownLinkToken(text, start); ok {
-		return end, postTokenMarkdown, true
-	}
-	if end, ok = scanBareURLToken(text, start); ok {
-		return end, postTokenURL, true
-	}
-	return 0, 0, false
-}
-
-func scanMarkdownLinkToken(text string, start int) (int, bool) {
-	openBracket := start
-	if text[start] == '!' {
-		if start+1 >= len(text) || text[start+1] != '[' {
-			return 0, false
-		}
-		openBracket = start + 1
-	} else if text[start] != '[' {
-		return 0, false
-	}
-
-	closeBracket := strings.IndexByte(text[openBracket+1:], ']')
-	if closeBracket < 0 {
-		return 0, false
-	}
-	closeBracket += openBracket + 1
-	if closeBracket+1 >= len(text) || text[closeBracket+1] != '(' {
-		return 0, false
-	}
-	return scanBalancedParenToken(text, closeBracket+1)
-}
-
-func scanBareURLToken(text string, start int) (int, bool) {
-	if !strings.HasPrefix(text[start:], "http://") && !strings.HasPrefix(text[start:], "https://") {
-		return 0, false
-	}
-
-	depth := 0
-	for i := start; i < len(text); i++ {
-		switch text[i] {
-		case ' ', '\t', '\n', '\r', '<', '>', '"', '[', ']':
-			return i, i > start
-		case '(':
-			depth++
-		case ')':
-			if depth == 0 {
-				return i, i > start
-			}
-			depth--
-		}
-	}
-	return len(text), true
-}
-
-func scanBalancedParenToken(text string, openParen int) (int, bool) {
-	if openParen >= len(text) || text[openParen] != '(' {
-		return 0, false
-	}
-
-	depth := 0
-	for i := openParen; i < len(text); i++ {
-		switch text[i] {
-		case '(':
-			depth++
-		case ')':
-			depth--
-			if depth == 0 {
-				return i + 1, true
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	return 0, false
-}
-
-func buildPostElements(text string) string {
-	return marshalJSONNoEscape(buildPostElementNodes(text))
-}
-
-func marshalJSONNoEscape(v interface{}) string {
-	var buf bytes.Buffer
-	enc := json.NewEncoder(&buf)
-	enc.SetEscapeHTML(false)
-	_ = enc.Encode(v)
-	return strings.TrimSuffix(buf.String(), "\n")
-}
-
-// marshalStringNoEscape serializes a string to JSON without HTML-escaping
-// special characters like &, <, >. Go's json.Marshal escapes them to \u0026
-// etc. by default, which breaks URLs containing & in Feishu's md renderer.
-func marshalStringNoEscape(s string) string {
-	return marshalJSONNoEscape(s)
-}
-
 // wrapMarkdownAsPost wraps markdown text into Feishu post format JSON (no network).
 // Used by DryRun. Output may include md/text paragraphs when blank-line separators are present.
-// Bare URLs are emitted as {"tag":"a"} elements to avoid Feishu's md renderer
-// misinterpreting underscores in URLs as italic markers.
 func wrapMarkdownAsPost(markdown string) string {
 	return buildMarkdownPostContent(markdown)
 }

shortcuts/im/helpers_test.go

@@ -373,171 +373,19 @@ func TestOptimizeMarkdownStyle(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-func TestMarshalStringNoEscape(t *testing.T) {
-	tests := []struct {
-		name  string
-		input string
-		want  string
-	}{
-		{name: "ampersand not escaped", input: "a=1&b=2", want: `"a=1&b=2"`},
-		{name: "angle brackets not escaped", input: "<tag>", want: `"<tag>"`},
-		{name: "regular string", input: "hello world", want: `"hello world"`},
-		{name: "url with ampersand", input: "https://example.com?a=1&b=2", want: `"https://example.com?a=1&b=2"`},
-	}
-	for _, tt := range tests {
-		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			got := marshalStringNoEscape(tt.input)
-			if got != tt.want {
-				t.Errorf("marshalStringNoEscape(%q) = %q, want %q", tt.input, got, tt.want)
-			}
-		})
-	}
-}
-
-func TestBuildPostElements(t *testing.T) {
-	tests := []struct {
-		name      string
-		input     string
-		wantSubs  []string // substrings that must appear
-		wantNsubs []string // substrings that must NOT appear
-	}{
-		{
-			name:     "plain text no URL",
-			input:    "hello **world**",
-			wantSubs: []string{`"tag":"md"`, `hello **world**`},
-		},
-		{
-			name:     "bare URL only",
-			input:    "https://example.com/path",
-			wantSubs: []string{`"tag":"a"`, `"text":"https://example.com/path"`, `"href":"https://example.com/path"`},
-		},
-		{
-			name:     "bare URL with underscores",
-			input:    "https://example.com/flow_id=abc_def",
-			wantSubs: []string{`"tag":"a"`, `flow_id=abc_def`},
-		},
-		{
-			name:     "bare URL with ampersand not escaped",
-			input:    "https://example.com?a=1&b=2",
-			wantSubs: []string{`"tag":"a"`, `a=1&b=2`},
-		},
-		{
-			name:     "text before and after URL",
-			input:    "click here: https://example.com/path ok?",
-			wantSubs: []string{`"tag":"md"`, `click here: `, `"tag":"a"`, `https://example.com/path`, ` ok?`},
-		},
-		{
-			name:     "markdown link kept in md segment",
-			input:    "[click here](https://example.com/path_with_underscore)",
-			wantSubs: []string{`"tag":"md"`, `[click here](https://example.com/path_with_underscore)`},
-		},
-		{
-			name:      "markdown link not promoted to a tag",
-			input:     "[text](https://example.com)",
-			wantSubs:  []string{`"tag":"md"`},
-			wantNsubs: []string{`"tag":"a"`},
-		},
-		{
-			name:  "multiple bare URLs",
-			input: "https://a.com/x_y and https://b.com/p_q",
-			wantSubs: []string{
-				`"tag":"a"`, `https://a.com/x_y`,
-				`https://b.com/p_q`,
-				`"tag":"md"`, ` and `,
-			},
-		},
-		{
-			name:     "mixed markdown and bare URL",
-			input:    "**bold** https://example.com/foo_bar [link](https://example.com) end",
-			wantSubs: []string{`"tag":"md"`, `**bold**`, `"tag":"a"`, `foo_bar`, `[link](https://example.com)`},
-		},
-		{
-			name:     "empty string",
-			input:    "",
-			wantSubs: []string{`"tag":"md"`, `"text":""`},
-		},
-		{
-			name:      "URL followed by comma",
-			input:     "visit https://example.com/path, then click",
-			wantSubs:  []string{`"tag":"a"`, `"href":"https://example.com/path"`},
-			wantNsubs: []string{`https://example.com/path,`},
-		},
-		{
-			name:      "URL followed by period",
-			input:     "see https://example.com/foo.",
-			wantSubs:  []string{`"tag":"a"`, `https://example.com/foo`},
-			wantNsubs: []string{`https://example.com/foo."`},
-		},
-		{
-			name:     "URL with no trailing punctuation unchanged",
-			input:    "https://example.com/foo_bar",
-			wantSubs: []string{`"href":"https://example.com/foo_bar"`},
-		},
-		{
-			name:      "URL with balanced parentheses preserved",
-			input:     "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foo_(bar)",
-			wantSubs:  []string{`"href":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foo_(bar)"`},
-			wantNsubs: []string{`"href":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foo_"`},
-		},
-		{
-			name:      "code block URL stays markdown",
-			input:     "```bash\ncurl https://example.com/foo_bar\n```",
-			wantSubs:  []string{`"tag":"md"`, "```bash\\ncurl https://example.com/foo_bar\\n```"},
-			wantNsubs: []string{`"tag":"a"`},
-		},
-	}
-	for _, tt := range tests {
-		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			got := buildPostElements(tt.input)
-			for _, sub := range tt.wantSubs {
-				if !strings.Contains(got, sub) {
-					t.Errorf("buildPostElements(%q)\n got: %s\n missing: %q", tt.input, got, sub)
-				}
-			}
-			for _, sub := range tt.wantNsubs {
-				if strings.Contains(got, sub) {
-					t.Errorf("buildPostElements(%q)\n got: %s\n should not contain: %q", tt.input, got, sub)
-				}
-			}
-		})
-	}
-}
-
 func TestWrapMarkdownAsPost(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Run("plain markdown", func(t *testing.T) {
-		got := wrapMarkdownAsPost("hello **world**")
-		content := decodePostContentForTest(t, got)
-		if len(content) != 1 {
-			t.Fatalf("wrapMarkdownAsPost() content len = %d, want 1", len(content))
-		}
-		node := decodePostParagraphForTest(t, got, 0)
-		if node["tag"] != "md" {
-			t.Fatalf("wrapMarkdownAsPost() tag = %#v, want md", node["tag"])
-		}
-		if node["text"] != "hello **world**" {
-			t.Fatalf("wrapMarkdownAsPost() text = %#v, want %q", node["text"], "hello **world**")
-		}
-	})
-
-	t.Run("bare URL becomes a tag", func(t *testing.T) {
-		got := wrapMarkdownAsPost("see https://example.com/flow_id=abc_def done")
-		if !strings.Contains(got, `"tag":"a"`) {
-			t.Fatalf("wrapMarkdownAsPost() bare URL should produce a tag: %s", got)
-		}
-		if !strings.Contains(got, `flow_id=abc_def`) {
-			t.Fatalf("wrapMarkdownAsPost() URL content missing: %s", got)
-		}
-	})
-
-	t.Run("code block URL stays md", func(t *testing.T) {
-		got := wrapMarkdownAsPost("```bash\ncurl https://example.com/foo_bar\n```")
-		if strings.Contains(got, `"tag":"a"`) {
-			t.Fatalf("wrapMarkdownAsPost() code block URL should stay markdown: %s", got)
-		}
-		if !strings.Contains(got, "```bash\\ncurl https://example.com/foo_bar\\n```") {
-			t.Fatalf("wrapMarkdownAsPost() code block content missing: %s", got)
-		}
-	})
+	got := wrapMarkdownAsPost("hello **world**")
+	content := decodePostContentForTest(t, got)
+	if len(content) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("wrapMarkdownAsPost() content len = %d, want 1", len(content))
+	}
+	node := decodePostParagraphForTest(t, got, 0)
+	if node["tag"] != "md" {
+		t.Fatalf("wrapMarkdownAsPost() tag = %#v, want md", node["tag"])
+	}
+	if node["text"] != "hello **world**" {
+		t.Fatalf("wrapMarkdownAsPost() text = %#v, want %q", node["text"], "hello **world**")
+	}
 }
 
 func TestShouldUseSegmentedPost(t *testing.T) {

shortcuts/im/im_messages_reply.go

@@ -29,11 +29,11 @@ var ImMessagesReply = common.Shortcut{
 		{Name: "content", Desc: "(one of --content/--text/--markdown/--image/--file/--video/--audio required) message content JSON"},
 		{Name: "text", Desc: "plain text message (auto-wrapped as JSON)"},
 		{Name: "markdown", Desc: "markdown text (auto-wrapped as post format with style optimization; image URLs auto-resolved)"},
-		{Name: "image", Desc: "image_key, local file path"},
-		{Name: "file", Desc: "file_key, local file path"},
-		{Name: "video", Desc: "video file_key, local file path; must be used together with --video-cover"},
-		{Name: "video-cover", Desc: "video cover image_key, local file path; required when using --video"},
-		{Name: "audio", Desc: "audio file_key, local file path"},
+		{Name: "image", Desc: "image key (img_xxx), URL, or cwd-relative local path (absolute paths and .. are rejected)"},
+		{Name: "file", Desc: "file key (file_xxx), URL, or cwd-relative local path (absolute paths and .. are rejected)"},
+		{Name: "video", Desc: "video file key (file_xxx), URL, or cwd-relative local path (absolute paths and .. are rejected); must be used together with --video-cover"},
+		{Name: "video-cover", Desc: "video cover image key (img_xxx), URL, or cwd-relative local path (absolute paths and .. are rejected); required when using --video"},
+		{Name: "audio", Desc: "audio file key (file_xxx), URL, or cwd-relative local path (absolute paths and .. are rejected)"},
 		{Name: "reply-in-thread", Type: "bool", Desc: "reply in thread (message appears in thread stream instead of main chat)"},
 		{Name: "idempotency-key", Desc: "idempotency key (prevents duplicate sends)"},
 	},

shortcuts/im/im_messages_send.go

@@ -33,11 +33,11 @@ var ImMessagesSend = common.Shortcut{
 		{Name: "text", Desc: "plain text message (auto-wrapped as JSON)"},
 		{Name: "markdown", Desc: "markdown text (auto-wrapped as post format with style optimization; image URLs auto-resolved)"},
 		{Name: "idempotency-key", Desc: "idempotency key (prevents duplicate sends)"},
-		{Name: "image", Desc: "image_key, local file path"},
-		{Name: "file", Desc: "file_key, local file path"},
-		{Name: "video", Desc: "video file_key, local file path; must be used together with --video-cover"},
-		{Name: "video-cover", Desc: "video cover image_key, local file path; required when using --video"},
-		{Name: "audio", Desc: "audio file_key, local file path"},
+		{Name: "image", Desc: "image key (img_xxx), URL, or cwd-relative local path (absolute paths and .. are rejected)"},
+		{Name: "file", Desc: "file key (file_xxx), URL, or cwd-relative local path (absolute paths and .. are rejected)"},
+		{Name: "video", Desc: "video file key (file_xxx), URL, or cwd-relative local path (absolute paths and .. are rejected); must be used together with --video-cover"},
+		{Name: "video-cover", Desc: "video cover image key (img_xxx), URL, or cwd-relative local path (absolute paths and .. are rejected); required when using --video"},
+		{Name: "audio", Desc: "audio file key (file_xxx), URL, or cwd-relative local path (absolute paths and .. are rejected)"},
 	},
 	DryRun: func(ctx context.Context, runtime *common.RuntimeContext) *common.DryRunAPI {
 		chatFlag := runtime.Str("chat-id")

shortcuts/im/validate_media_test.go

@@ -6,9 +6,11 @@ package im
 import (
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
 	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/vfs/localfileio"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/shortcuts/common"
 )
 
 func TestValidateMediaFlagPath(t *testing.T) {
@@ -49,3 +51,37 @@ func TestValidateMediaFlagPath(t *testing.T) {
 		})
 	}
 }
+
+func TestIMMediaFlagDescriptionsDocumentPathRestrictions(t *testing.T) {
+	shortcuts := []struct {
+		name  string
+		flags []common.Flag
+	}{
+		{name: "messages-send", flags: ImMessagesSend.Flags},
+		{name: "messages-reply", flags: ImMessagesReply.Flags},
+	}
+	mediaFlags := []string{"image", "file", "video", "video-cover", "audio"}
+	for _, sc := range shortcuts {
+		for _, flagName := range mediaFlags {
+			t.Run(sc.name+"/"+flagName, func(t *testing.T) {
+				desc := findFlagDesc(t, sc.flags, flagName)
+				for _, want := range []string{"URL", "cwd-relative local path", "absolute paths", ".. are rejected"} {
+					if !strings.Contains(desc, want) {
+						t.Fatalf("%s --%s description = %q, want it to mention %q", sc.name, flagName, desc, want)
+					}
+				}
+			})
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func findFlagDesc(t *testing.T, flags []common.Flag, name string) string {
+	t.Helper()
+	for _, flag := range flags {
+		if flag.Name == name {
+			return flag.Desc
+		}
+	}
+	t.Fatalf("flag %q not found", name)
+	return ""
+}

shortcuts/markdown/markdown_create.go

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ package markdown
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"strings"
 
@@ -16,7 +17,7 @@ var MarkdownCreate = common.Shortcut{
 	Command:     "+create",
 	Description: "Create a Markdown file in Drive",
 	Risk:        "write",
-	Scopes:      []string{"drive:file:upload"},
+	Scopes:      []string{"drive:file:upload", "drive:drive.metadata:readonly"},
 	AuthTypes:   []string{"user", "bot"},
 	HasFormat:   true,
 	Flags: []common.Flag{
@@ -55,7 +56,19 @@ var MarkdownCreate = common.Shortcut{
 		if err != nil {
 			return common.NewDryRunAPI().Set("error", err.Error())
 		}
-		return markdownUploadDryRun(spec, fileSize, fileSize > markdownSinglePartSizeLimit)
+		dry := markdownUploadDryRun(spec, fileSize, fileSize > markdownSinglePartSizeLimit)
+		dry.POST("/open-apis/drive/v1/metas/batch_query").
+			Desc("Fetch the created Markdown file's real access URL").
+			Body(map[string]interface{}{
+				"request_docs": []map[string]interface{}{
+					{
+						"doc_token": "<file_token from upload response>",
+						"doc_type":  "file",
+					},
+				},
+				"with_url": true,
+			})
+		return dry
 	},
 	Execute: func(ctx context.Context, runtime *common.RuntimeContext) error {
 		spec := markdownUploadSpec{
@@ -87,10 +100,10 @@ var MarkdownCreate = common.Shortcut{
 			"file_name":  finalMarkdownFileName(spec),
 			"size_bytes": fileSize,
 		}
-		if target := spec.Target(); target.ParentType == markdownUploadParentTypeExplorer {
-			if u := common.BuildResourceURL(runtime.Config.Brand, "file", result.FileToken); u != "" {
-				out["url"] = u
-			}
+		if u, metaErr := common.FetchDriveMetaURL(runtime, result.FileToken, "file"); metaErr == nil && strings.TrimSpace(u) != "" {
+			out["url"] = u
+		} else if metaErr != nil {
+			fmt.Fprintf(runtime.IO().ErrOut, "warning: created Markdown file URL lookup failed: %v\n", metaErr)
 		}
 		if grant := common.AutoGrantCurrentUserDrivePermission(runtime, result.FileToken, "file"); grant != nil {
 			out["permission_grant"] = grant

shortcuts/markdown/markdown_test.go

@@ -33,6 +33,13 @@ func markdownTestConfig() *core.CliConfig {
 	}
 }
 
+func markdownPermissionTestConfig(userOpenID string) *core.CliConfig {
+	return &core.CliConfig{
+		AppID: "markdown-perm-test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: core.BrandFeishu,
+		UserOpenId: userOpenID,
+	}
+}
+
 func mountAndRunMarkdown(t *testing.T, s common.Shortcut, args []string, f *cmdutil.Factory, stdout *bytes.Buffer) error {
 	t.Helper()
 	parent := &cobra.Command{Use: "markdown"}
@@ -403,6 +410,9 @@ func TestMarkdownCreateDryRunWithInlineContent(t *testing.T) {
 	if !strings.Contains(out, "/open-apis/drive/v1/files/upload_all") {
 		t.Fatalf("dry-run missing upload_all: %s", out)
 	}
+	if !strings.Contains(out, "/open-apis/drive/v1/metas/batch_query") || !strings.Contains(out, `"with_url": true`) {
+		t.Fatalf("dry-run missing metadata URL lookup: %s", out)
+	}
 	if !strings.Contains(out, "markdown content") {
 		t.Fatalf("dry-run missing content marker: %s", out)
 	}
@@ -429,6 +439,9 @@ func TestMarkdownCreateDryRunWithWikiToken(t *testing.T) {
 	if !strings.Contains(out, `"parent_node": "wikcn_markdown_dryrun_target"`) {
 		t.Fatalf("dry-run missing wiki parent_node: %s", out)
 	}
+	if !strings.Contains(out, "/open-apis/drive/v1/metas/batch_query") || !strings.Contains(out, `"with_url": true`) {
+		t.Fatalf("dry-run missing metadata URL lookup: %s", out)
+	}
 }
 
 func TestMarkdownCreateDryRunReportsSourceFileError(t *testing.T) {
@@ -470,6 +483,9 @@ func TestMarkdownCreateDryRunWithFileUsesStatOnly(t *testing.T) {
 	if !strings.Contains(out, "/open-apis/drive/v1/files/upload_prepare") {
 		t.Fatalf("dry-run missing multipart prepare step: %s", out)
 	}
+	if !strings.Contains(out, "/open-apis/drive/v1/metas/batch_query") || !strings.Contains(out, `"with_url": true`) {
+		t.Fatalf("dry-run missing metadata URL lookup: %s", out)
+	}
 	if strings.Contains(out, "open should not be called in dry-run") {
 		t.Fatalf("dry-run unexpectedly tried to open the source file: %s", out)
 	}
@@ -489,6 +505,18 @@ func TestMarkdownCreateSuccessUploadAll(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	}
 	reg.Register(uploadStub)
+	reg.Register(&httpmock.Stub{
+		Method: "POST",
+		URL:    "/open-apis/drive/v1/metas/batch_query",
+		Body: map[string]interface{}{
+			"code": 0,
+			"data": map[string]interface{}{
+				"metas": []map[string]interface{}{
+					{"doc_token": "box_md_create", "doc_type": "file", "url": "https://tenant.example.com/file/box_md_create"},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	})
 
 	err := mountAndRunMarkdown(t, MarkdownCreate, []string{
 		"+create",
@@ -521,12 +549,12 @@ func TestMarkdownCreateSuccessUploadAll(t *testing.T) {
 	if !strings.Contains(stdout.String(), `"file_name": "README.md"`) {
 		t.Fatalf("stdout missing file_name: %s", stdout.String())
 	}
-	if !strings.Contains(stdout.String(), `"url": "https://www.feishu.cn/file/box_md_create"`) {
+	if !strings.Contains(stdout.String(), `"url": "https://tenant.example.com/file/box_md_create"`) {
 		t.Fatalf("stdout missing url: %s", stdout.String())
 	}
 }
 
-func TestMarkdownCreateSuccessUploadAllToWikiOmitsURL(t *testing.T) {
+func TestMarkdownCreateSuccessUploadAllToWikiReturnsMetaURL(t *testing.T) {
 	f, stdout, _, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, markdownTestConfig())
 	uploadStub := &httpmock.Stub{
 		Method: "POST",
@@ -540,6 +568,18 @@ func TestMarkdownCreateSuccessUploadAllToWikiOmitsURL(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	}
 	reg.Register(uploadStub)
+	reg.Register(&httpmock.Stub{
+		Method: "POST",
+		URL:    "/open-apis/drive/v1/metas/batch_query",
+		Body: map[string]interface{}{
+			"code": 0,
+			"data": map[string]interface{}{
+				"metas": []map[string]interface{}{
+					{"doc_token": "box_md_create_wiki", "doc_type": "file", "url": "https://tenant.example.com/file/box_md_create_wiki"},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	})
 
 	err := mountAndRunMarkdown(t, MarkdownCreate, []string{
 		"+create",
@@ -558,8 +598,8 @@ func TestMarkdownCreateSuccessUploadAllToWikiOmitsURL(t *testing.T) {
 	if got := body.Fields["parent_node"]; got != "wikcn_markdown_create_target" {
 		t.Fatalf("parent_node = %q, want %q", got, "wikcn_markdown_create_target")
 	}
-	if strings.Contains(stdout.String(), `"url":`) {
-		t.Fatalf("stdout should omit url for wiki-hosted markdown files: %s", stdout.String())
+	if !strings.Contains(stdout.String(), `"url": "https://tenant.example.com/file/box_md_create_wiki"`) {
+		t.Fatalf("stdout missing metadata url for wiki-hosted markdown file: %s", stdout.String())
 	}
 }
 
@@ -575,6 +615,18 @@ func TestMarkdownCreatePrettyOutputIncludesPermissionGrant(t *testing.T) {
 			},
 		},
 	})
+	reg.Register(&httpmock.Stub{
+		Method: "POST",
+		URL:    "/open-apis/drive/v1/metas/batch_query",
+		Body: map[string]interface{}{
+			"code": 0,
+			"data": map[string]interface{}{
+				"metas": []map[string]interface{}{
+					{"doc_token": "box_md_create_pretty", "doc_type": "file", "url": "https://tenant.example.com/file/box_md_create_pretty"},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	})
 
 	err := mountAndRunMarkdown(t, MarkdownCreate, []string{
 		"+create",
@@ -591,7 +643,7 @@ func TestMarkdownCreatePrettyOutputIncludesPermissionGrant(t *testing.T) {
 	if !strings.Contains(out, "file_token: box_md_create_pretty") {
 		t.Fatalf("pretty output missing file_token: %s", out)
 	}
-	if !strings.Contains(out, "url: https://www.feishu.cn/file/box_md_create_pretty") {
+	if !strings.Contains(out, "url: https://tenant.example.com/file/box_md_create_pretty") {
 		t.Fatalf("pretty output missing url: %s", out)
 	}
 	if !strings.Contains(out, "permission_grant.status: skipped") {
@@ -602,6 +654,114 @@ func TestMarkdownCreatePrettyOutputIncludesPermissionGrant(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestMarkdownCreateBotAutoGrantSkippedNoUser(t *testing.T) {
+	f, stdout, _, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, markdownPermissionTestConfig(""))
+	reg.Register(&httpmock.Stub{
+		Method: "POST",
+		URL:    "/open-apis/drive/v1/files/upload_all",
+		Body: map[string]interface{}{
+			"code": 0,
+			"data": map[string]interface{}{
+				"file_token": "box_md_skipped",
+			},
+		},
+	})
+	reg.Register(&httpmock.Stub{
+		Method: "POST",
+		URL:    "/open-apis/drive/v1/metas/batch_query",
+		Body: map[string]interface{}{
+			"code": 0,
+			"data": map[string]interface{}{
+				"metas": []map[string]interface{}{
+					{"doc_token": "box_md_skipped", "doc_type": "file", "url": "https://example.feishu.cn/file/box_md_skipped"},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	})
+
+	err := mountAndRunMarkdown(t, MarkdownCreate, []string{
+		"+create",
+		"--name", "README.md",
+		"--content", "# hello\n",
+		"--as", "bot",
+	}, f, stdout)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	var envelope struct {
+		Data map[string]interface{} `json:"data"`
+	}
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(stdout.Bytes(), &envelope); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unmarshal: %v", err)
+	}
+	grant, _ := envelope.Data["permission_grant"].(map[string]interface{})
+	if grant["status"] != common.PermissionGrantSkipped {
+		t.Fatalf("permission_grant.status = %#v, want %q", grant["status"], common.PermissionGrantSkipped)
+	}
+	if hint, ok := grant["hint"].(string); !ok || !strings.Contains(hint, "auth login") {
+		t.Fatalf("hint = %#v, want string containing 'auth login'", grant["hint"])
+	}
+}
+
+func TestMarkdownCreateBotAutoGrantFailed(t *testing.T) {
+	f, stdout, _, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, markdownPermissionTestConfig("ou_current_user"))
+	reg.Register(&httpmock.Stub{
+		Method: "POST",
+		URL:    "/open-apis/drive/v1/files/upload_all",
+		Body: map[string]interface{}{
+			"code": 0,
+			"data": map[string]interface{}{
+				"file_token": "box_md_grant_fail",
+			},
+		},
+	})
+	reg.Register(&httpmock.Stub{
+		Method: "POST",
+		URL:    "/open-apis/drive/v1/metas/batch_query",
+		Body: map[string]interface{}{
+			"code": 0,
+			"data": map[string]interface{}{
+				"metas": []map[string]interface{}{
+					{"doc_token": "box_md_grant_fail", "doc_type": "file", "url": "https://example.feishu.cn/file/box_md_grant_fail"},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	})
+	reg.Register(&httpmock.Stub{
+		Method: "POST",
+		URL:    "/open-apis/drive/v1/permissions/box_md_grant_fail/members",
+		Body: map[string]interface{}{
+			"code": 230001,
+			"msg":  "no permission",
+		},
+	})
+
+	err := mountAndRunMarkdown(t, MarkdownCreate, []string{
+		"+create",
+		"--name", "README.md",
+		"--content", "# hello\n",
+		"--as", "bot",
+	}, f, stdout)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	var envelope struct {
+		Data map[string]interface{} `json:"data"`
+	}
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(stdout.Bytes(), &envelope); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unmarshal: %v", err)
+	}
+	grant, _ := envelope.Data["permission_grant"].(map[string]interface{})
+	if grant["status"] != common.PermissionGrantFailed {
+		t.Fatalf("permission_grant.status = %#v, want %q", grant["status"], common.PermissionGrantFailed)
+	}
+	if hint, ok := grant["hint"].(string); !ok || !strings.Contains(hint, "Retry later") {
+		t.Fatalf("hint = %#v, want string containing 'Retry later'", grant["hint"])
+	}
+}
+
 func TestMarkdownCreateMissingFileReturnsReadError(t *testing.T) {
 	f, stdout, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, markdownTestConfig())
 
@@ -649,6 +809,18 @@ func TestMarkdownCreateMultipartUploadSuccess(t *testing.T) {
 			},
 		},
 	})
+	reg.Register(&httpmock.Stub{
+		Method: "POST",
+		URL:    "/open-apis/drive/v1/metas/batch_query",
+		Body: map[string]interface{}{
+			"code": 0,
+			"data": map[string]interface{}{
+				"metas": []map[string]interface{}{
+					{"doc_token": "box_md_multipart", "doc_type": "file", "url": "https://tenant.example.com/file/box_md_multipart"},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	})
 
 	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
 	withMarkdownWorkingDir(t, tmpDir)
@@ -677,6 +849,9 @@ func TestMarkdownCreateMultipartUploadSuccess(t *testing.T) {
 	if !strings.Contains(stdout.String(), `"file_token": "box_md_multipart"`) {
 		t.Fatalf("stdout missing multipart file_token: %s", stdout.String())
 	}
+	if !strings.Contains(stdout.String(), `"url": "https://tenant.example.com/file/box_md_multipart"`) {
+		t.Fatalf("stdout missing multipart metadata url: %s", stdout.String())
+	}
 }
 
 func TestMarkdownCreateMultipartUploadToWikiUsesWikiParent(t *testing.T) {
@@ -715,6 +890,18 @@ func TestMarkdownCreateMultipartUploadToWikiUsesWikiParent(t *testing.T) {
 			},
 		},
 	})
+	reg.Register(&httpmock.Stub{
+		Method: "POST",
+		URL:    "/open-apis/drive/v1/metas/batch_query",
+		Body: map[string]interface{}{
+			"code": 0,
+			"data": map[string]interface{}{
+				"metas": []map[string]interface{}{
+					{"doc_token": "box_md_multipart_wiki", "doc_type": "file", "url": "https://tenant.example.com/file/box_md_multipart_wiki"},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	})
 
 	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
 	withMarkdownWorkingDir(t, tmpDir)
@@ -749,8 +936,8 @@ func TestMarkdownCreateMultipartUploadToWikiUsesWikiParent(t *testing.T) {
 	if got := body["parent_node"]; got != "wikcn_markdown_multipart_target" {
 		t.Fatalf("parent_node = %#v, want %q", got, "wikcn_markdown_multipart_target")
 	}
-	if strings.Contains(stdout.String(), `"url":`) {
-		t.Fatalf("stdout should omit url for wiki-hosted multipart markdown files: %s", stdout.String())
+	if !strings.Contains(stdout.String(), `"url": "https://tenant.example.com/file/box_md_multipart_wiki"`) {
+		t.Fatalf("stdout missing metadata url for wiki-hosted multipart markdown file: %s", stdout.String())
 	}
 }
 

shortcuts/register.go

@@ -5,13 +5,18 @@ package shortcuts
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"slices"
 
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/shortcuts/okr"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdmeta"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/output"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/registry"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/shortcuts/apps"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/shortcuts/base"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/shortcuts/calendar"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/shortcuts/common"
@@ -31,10 +36,28 @@ import (
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/shortcuts/wiki"
 )
 
+// Empty brand (no config loaded) is treated as no-restriction so bootstrap
+// paths and tests without config still see the full service list.
+var brandRestrictedServices = map[string][]core.LarkBrand{
+	"apps": {core.BrandFeishu},
+}
+
+func IsShortcutServiceAvailable(service string, brand core.LarkBrand) bool {
+	allowed, ok := brandRestrictedServices[service]
+	if !ok {
+		return true
+	}
+	if brand == "" {
+		return true
+	}
+	return slices.Contains(allowed, brand)
+}
+
 // allShortcuts aggregates shortcuts from all domain packages.
 var allShortcuts []common.Shortcut
 
 func init() {
+	allShortcuts = append(allShortcuts, apps.Shortcuts()...)
 	allShortcuts = append(allShortcuts, calendar.Shortcuts()...)
 	allShortcuts = append(allShortcuts, doc.Shortcuts()...)
 	allShortcuts = append(allShortcuts, drive.Shortcuts()...)
@@ -67,6 +90,14 @@ func RegisterShortcuts(program *cobra.Command, f *cmdutil.Factory) {
 }
 
 func RegisterShortcutsWithContext(ctx context.Context, program *cobra.Command, f *cmdutil.Factory) {
+	// Factory.Config may be nil in tests that pass a zero-value factory.
+	var brand core.LarkBrand
+	if f != nil && f.Config != nil {
+		if cfg, err := f.Config(); err == nil && cfg != nil {
+			brand = cfg.Brand
+		}
+	}
+
 	// Group by service
 	byService := make(map[string][]common.Shortcut)
 	for _, s := range allShortcuts {
@@ -115,5 +146,46 @@ func RegisterShortcutsWithContext(ctx context.Context, program *cobra.Command, f
 		if service == "mail" {
 			mail.InstallOnMail(svc)
 		}
+
+		if !IsShortcutServiceAvailable(service, brand) {
+			installBrandRestrictionGuard(svc, service, brand)
+		}
 	}
 }
+
+// Mirrors internal/cmdpolicy/apply.go::installDenyStub: DisableFlagParsing +
+// ArbitraryArgs keep cobra from short-circuiting with "missing required flag"
+// before our RunE runs; leaf-level PersistentPreRunE defeats cobra's "first
+// PreRunE wins" walk-up that would otherwise shadow the stub.
+func installBrandRestrictionGuard(svc *cobra.Command, service string, brand core.LarkBrand) {
+	stub := func(c *cobra.Command, _ []string) error {
+		c.SilenceUsage = true
+		return output.ErrValidation(
+			"the %q feature is not yet supported on the %s brand",
+			service, brand,
+		)
+	}
+	noopPreRun := func(c *cobra.Command, _ []string) error {
+		c.SilenceUsage = true
+		return nil
+	}
+	var walk func(c *cobra.Command)
+	walk = func(c *cobra.Command) {
+		c.Hidden = true
+		c.DisableFlagParsing = true
+		c.Args = cobra.ArbitraryArgs
+		c.PreRunE = nil
+		c.PreRun = nil
+		c.PersistentPreRunE = noopPreRun
+		c.PersistentPreRun = nil
+		c.RunE = stub
+		c.Run = nil
+		for _, child := range c.Commands() {
+			walk(child)
+		}
+	}
+	walk(svc)
+
+	// --help bypasses RunE, so surface the restriction in Long too.
+	svc.Long = fmt.Sprintf("The %q feature is not yet supported on the %s brand.", service, brand)
+}

shortcuts/register_brand_guard_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package shortcuts
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/output"
+)
+
+func newFactoryWithBrand(brand core.LarkBrand) *cmdutil.Factory {
+	return &cmdutil.Factory{
+		Config: func() (*core.CliConfig, error) {
+			return &core.CliConfig{Brand: brand}, nil
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+func findChild(root *cobra.Command, name string) *cobra.Command {
+	for _, c := range root.Commands() {
+		if c.Name() == name {
+			return c
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func TestBrandGuard_AppsStaysRegisteredOnLark(t *testing.T) {
+	program := &cobra.Command{Use: "root"}
+	RegisterShortcuts(program, newFactoryWithBrand(core.BrandLark))
+
+	apps := findChild(program, "apps")
+	if apps == nil {
+		t.Fatal("apps service command should be registered on Lark brand (so users see a clear brand error, not 'unknown command')")
+	}
+	if !apps.Hidden {
+		t.Error("apps service command should be Hidden on Lark brand")
+	}
+	if len(apps.Commands()) == 0 {
+		t.Error("apps subcommands should still be mounted (so children also hit the brand-restriction stub)")
+	}
+	for _, child := range apps.Commands() {
+		if !child.Hidden {
+			t.Errorf("apps child %q should be Hidden on Lark brand", child.Name())
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestBrandGuard_AppsExecuteReturnsBrandError(t *testing.T) {
+	program := &cobra.Command{Use: "root"}
+	RegisterShortcuts(program, newFactoryWithBrand(core.BrandLark))
+
+	apps := findChild(program, "apps")
+	if apps == nil {
+		t.Fatal("apps should be registered")
+	}
+	create := findChild(apps, "+create")
+	if create == nil {
+		t.Fatal("apps +create should be registered")
+	}
+
+	err := create.RunE(create, []string{"--name", "x"})
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected brand-restriction error, got nil")
+	}
+	exitErr, ok := err.(*output.ExitError)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("expected *output.ExitError, got %T: %v", err, err)
+	}
+	if exitErr.Code != output.ExitValidation {
+		t.Errorf("expected ExitValidation (%d), got %d", output.ExitValidation, exitErr.Code)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(exitErr.Error(), "apps") || !strings.Contains(exitErr.Error(), "lark") {
+		t.Errorf("expected error to mention apps + lark, got: %s", exitErr.Error())
+	}
+}
+
+func TestBrandGuard_AppsExecutableOnFeishu(t *testing.T) {
+	program := &cobra.Command{Use: "root"}
+	RegisterShortcuts(program, newFactoryWithBrand(core.BrandFeishu))
+
+	apps := findChild(program, "apps")
+	if apps == nil {
+		t.Fatal("apps should be registered on Feishu brand")
+	}
+	if apps.Hidden {
+		t.Error("apps should NOT be Hidden on Feishu brand")
+	}
+	create := findChild(apps, "+create")
+	if create == nil {
+		t.Fatal("apps +create should be registered on Feishu brand")
+	}
+	if create.DisableFlagParsing {
+		t.Error("apps +create should not have DisableFlagParsing on Feishu (the guard must not have run)")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestBrandGuard_DispatchHitsStubViaCobra(t *testing.T) {
+	program := &cobra.Command{Use: "root"}
+	RegisterShortcuts(program, newFactoryWithBrand(core.BrandLark))
+
+	program.SetArgs([]string{"apps", "+create", "--name", "x", "--app-type", "HTML"})
+	program.SetContext(context.Background())
+	err := program.Execute()
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected error from dispatching apps +create on Lark brand")
+	}
+	exitErr, ok := err.(*output.ExitError)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("expected *output.ExitError from cobra dispatch, got %T: %v", err, err)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(exitErr.Error(), "lark") {
+		t.Errorf("dispatched error should mention lark brand, got: %s", exitErr.Error())
+	}
+}

shortcuts/sheets/lark_sheets_cell_images.go

@@ -5,13 +5,15 @@ package sheets
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
-	"io/fs"
+	"io"
+	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
 
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/extension/fileio"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/output"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/validate"
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/vfs"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/shortcuts/common"
 )
 
@@ -44,10 +46,6 @@ var SheetWriteImage = common.Shortcut{
 		if err := validateSingleCellRange(runtime.Str("range")); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
-		_, _, err := validateSheetWriteImageFile(runtime.Str("image"))
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
 		return nil
 	},
 	DryRun: func(ctx context.Context, runtime *common.RuntimeContext) *common.DryRunAPI {
@@ -79,12 +77,19 @@ var SheetWriteImage = common.Shortcut{
 		pointRange := normalizePointRange(runtime.Str("sheet-id"), runtime.Str("range"))
 
 		imagePath := runtime.Str("image")
-		safePath, stat, err := validateSheetWriteImageFile(imagePath)
+		fio := runtime.FileIO()
+		stat, err := validateSheetWriteImageFile(fio, imagePath)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 
-		imageBytes, err := vfs.ReadFile(safePath)
+		imageFile, err := fio.Open(imagePath)
+		if err != nil {
+			return wrapSheetWriteImageOpenError(err)
+		}
+		defer imageFile.Close()
+
+		imageBytes, err := io.ReadAll(imageFile)
 		if err != nil {
 			return output.ErrValidation("cannot read image file: %s", err)
 		}
@@ -109,21 +114,37 @@ var SheetWriteImage = common.Shortcut{
 	},
 }
 
-func validateSheetWriteImageFile(imagePath string) (string, fs.FileInfo, error) {
-	safePath, err := validate.SafeInputPath(imagePath)
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", nil, output.ErrValidation("unsafe image path: %s", err)
+func validateSheetWriteImageFile(fio fileio.FileIO, imagePath string) (fileio.FileInfo, error) {
+	if fio == nil {
+		return nil, output.ErrValidation("no file I/O provider registered")
 	}
-	stat, err := vfs.Stat(safePath)
+	stat, err := fio.Stat(imagePath)
 	if err != nil {
-		return "", nil, output.ErrValidation("image file not found: %s", imagePath)
+		return nil, wrapSheetWriteImageStatError(err, imagePath)
 	}
-	if !stat.Mode().IsRegular() {
-		return "", nil, output.ErrValidation("image must be a regular file: %s", imagePath)
+	if stat.IsDir() || !stat.Mode().IsRegular() {
+		return nil, output.ErrValidation("image must be a regular file: %s", imagePath)
 	}
 	const maxImageSize int64 = 20 * 1024 * 1024
 	if stat.Size() > maxImageSize {
-		return "", nil, output.ErrValidation("image %.1fMB exceeds 20MB limit", float64(stat.Size())/1024/1024)
+		return nil, output.ErrValidation("image %.1fMB exceeds 20MB limit", float64(stat.Size())/1024/1024)
 	}
-	return safePath, stat, nil
+	return stat, nil
+}
+
+func wrapSheetWriteImageStatError(err error, imagePath string) error {
+	if errors.Is(err, fileio.ErrPathValidation) {
+		return output.ErrValidation("unsafe image path: %s", err)
+	}
+	if os.IsNotExist(err) {
+		return output.ErrValidation("image file not found: %s", imagePath)
+	}
+	return output.ErrValidation("cannot stat image file: %s", err)
+}
+
+func wrapSheetWriteImageOpenError(err error) error {
+	if errors.Is(err, fileio.ErrPathValidation) {
+		return output.ErrValidation("unsafe image path: %s", err)
+	}
+	return output.ErrValidation("cannot read image file: %s", err)
 }

shortcuts/sheets/lark_sheets_sheet_create_test.go

@@ -304,3 +304,88 @@ func decodeSheetCreateEnvelope(t *testing.T, stdout *bytes.Buffer) map[string]in
 	}
 	return data
 }
+
+func TestSheetCreateBotAutoGrantSkippedNoUser(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	f, stdout, _, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, sheetCreateTestConfig(t, ""))
+	reg.Register(&httpmock.Stub{
+		Method: "POST",
+		URL:    "/open-apis/sheets/v3/spreadsheets",
+		Body: map[string]interface{}{
+			"code": 0,
+			"msg":  "ok",
+			"data": map[string]interface{}{
+				"spreadsheet": map[string]interface{}{
+					"spreadsheet_token": "shtcn_skipped",
+					"url":               "https://example.feishu.cn/sheets/shtcn_skipped",
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	})
+
+	err := runSheetCreateShortcut(t, f, stdout, []string{
+		"+create",
+		"--title", "No User Sheet",
+		"--as", "bot",
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	data := decodeSheetCreateEnvelope(t, stdout)
+	grant, _ := data["permission_grant"].(map[string]interface{})
+	if grant["status"] != common.PermissionGrantSkipped {
+		t.Fatalf("permission_grant.status = %#v, want %q", grant["status"], common.PermissionGrantSkipped)
+	}
+	if hint, ok := grant["hint"].(string); !ok || !strings.Contains(hint, "auth login") {
+		t.Fatalf("hint = %#v, want string containing 'auth login'", grant["hint"])
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSheetCreateBotAutoGrantFailed(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	f, stdout, _, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, sheetCreateTestConfig(t, "ou_current_user"))
+	reg.Register(&httpmock.Stub{
+		Method: "POST",
+		URL:    "/open-apis/sheets/v3/spreadsheets",
+		Body: map[string]interface{}{
+			"code": 0,
+			"msg":  "ok",
+			"data": map[string]interface{}{
+				"spreadsheet": map[string]interface{}{
+					"spreadsheet_token": "shtcn_grant_fail",
+					"url":               "https://example.feishu.cn/sheets/shtcn_grant_fail",
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	})
+
+	reg.Register(&httpmock.Stub{
+		Method: "POST",
+		URL:    "/open-apis/drive/v1/permissions/shtcn_grant_fail/members",
+		Body: map[string]interface{}{
+			"code": 230001,
+			"msg":  "no permission",
+		},
+	})
+
+	err := runSheetCreateShortcut(t, f, stdout, []string{
+		"+create",
+		"--title", "Grant Fail Sheet",
+		"--as", "bot",
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	data := decodeSheetCreateEnvelope(t, stdout)
+	grant, _ := data["permission_grant"].(map[string]interface{})
+	if grant["status"] != common.PermissionGrantFailed {
+		t.Fatalf("permission_grant.status = %#v, want %q", grant["status"], common.PermissionGrantFailed)
+	}
+	if hint, ok := grant["hint"].(string); !ok || !strings.Contains(hint, "Retry later") {
+		t.Fatalf("hint = %#v, want string containing 'Retry later'", grant["hint"])
+	}
+}

shortcuts/sheets/lark_sheets_sheet_manage_test.go

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"errors"
+	"reflect"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
 
@@ -29,6 +30,15 @@ func TestSheetCreateSheetValidateMissingToken(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestSheetInfoRequiresSpreadsheetMetaAndReadScopes(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	want := []string{"sheets:spreadsheet.meta:read", "sheets:spreadsheet:read"}
+	if !reflect.DeepEqual(SheetInfo.Scopes, want) {
+		t.Fatalf("SheetInfo scopes = %v, want %v", SheetInfo.Scopes, want)
+	}
+}
+
 func TestSheetManageValidateRejectsURLAndTokenTogether(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 

shortcuts/sheets/lark_sheets_sheet_write_image_test.go

@@ -7,12 +7,15 @@ import (
 	"bytes"
 	"context"
 	"encoding/json"
+	"io"
+	"io/fs"
 	"os"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/extension/fileio"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/httpmock"
@@ -38,6 +41,56 @@ func mountAndRunSheets(t *testing.T, s common.Shortcut, args []string, f *cmduti
 	return parent.Execute()
 }
 
+type sheetWriteImageStaticFileIOProvider struct {
+	fio fileio.FileIO
+}
+
+func (p *sheetWriteImageStaticFileIOProvider) Name() string { return "sheet-write-image-static" }
+
+func (p *sheetWriteImageStaticFileIOProvider) ResolveFileIO(context.Context) fileio.FileIO {
+	return p.fio
+}
+
+type sheetWriteImageMemoryFileIO struct {
+	files map[string][]byte
+}
+
+func (f *sheetWriteImageMemoryFileIO) Open(name string) (fileio.File, error) {
+	data, ok := f.files[name]
+	if !ok {
+		return nil, os.ErrNotExist
+	}
+	return sheetWriteImageMemoryFile{Reader: bytes.NewReader(data)}, nil
+}
+
+func (f *sheetWriteImageMemoryFileIO) Stat(name string) (fileio.FileInfo, error) {
+	data, ok := f.files[name]
+	if !ok {
+		return nil, os.ErrNotExist
+	}
+	return sheetWriteImageFileInfo{size: int64(len(data))}, nil
+}
+
+func (f *sheetWriteImageMemoryFileIO) ResolvePath(path string) (string, error) { return path, nil }
+
+func (f *sheetWriteImageMemoryFileIO) Save(string, fileio.SaveOptions, io.Reader) (fileio.SaveResult, error) {
+	return nil, nil
+}
+
+type sheetWriteImageMemoryFile struct {
+	*bytes.Reader
+}
+
+func (sheetWriteImageMemoryFile) Close() error { return nil }
+
+type sheetWriteImageFileInfo struct {
+	size int64
+}
+
+func (i sheetWriteImageFileInfo) Size() int64       { return i.size }
+func (i sheetWriteImageFileInfo) IsDir() bool       { return false }
+func (i sheetWriteImageFileInfo) Mode() fs.FileMode { return 0 }
+
 const existingWriteImageTestFile = "./lark_sheets_cell_images.go"
 
 // ── Validate ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
@@ -221,80 +274,20 @@ func TestSheetWriteImageDryRunWithSheetID(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-func TestSheetWriteImageDryRunRejectsMissingFile(t *testing.T) {
+func TestSheetWriteImageDryRunDoesNotValidateImageFile(t *testing.T) {
 	f, stdout, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, sheetsTestConfig())
 	err := mountAndRunSheets(t, SheetWriteImage, []string{
 		"+write-image",
 		"--spreadsheet-token", "shtTOKEN",
 		"--range", "sheet1!A1:A1",
-		"--image", "./missing.png",
+		"--image", "/__bridge_url__/qKrk1wSAtS",
 		"--dry-run", "--as", "user",
 	}, f, stdout)
-	if err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "image file not found") {
-		t.Fatalf("expected file-not-found error before dry-run planning, got: %v", err)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestSheetWriteImageDryRunRejectsDirectory(t *testing.T) {
-	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
-	cmdutil.TestChdir(t, tmpDir)
-	if err := os.Mkdir("imgdir", 0o755); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Mkdir() error: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	f, stdout, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, sheetsTestConfig())
-	err := mountAndRunSheets(t, SheetWriteImage, []string{
-		"+write-image",
-		"--spreadsheet-token", "shtTOKEN",
-		"--range", "sheet1!A1:A1",
-		"--image", "./imgdir",
-		"--dry-run", "--as", "user",
-	}, f, stdout)
-	if err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "regular file") {
-		t.Fatalf("expected regular-file error before dry-run planning, got: %v", err)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestSheetWriteImageDryRunRejectsAbsolutePath(t *testing.T) {
-	f, stdout, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, sheetsTestConfig())
-	err := mountAndRunSheets(t, SheetWriteImage, []string{
-		"+write-image",
-		"--spreadsheet-token", "shtTOKEN",
-		"--range", "sheet1!A1:A1",
-		"--image", "/etc/passwd",
-		"--dry-run", "--as", "user",
-	}, f, stdout)
-	if err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "unsafe image path") {
-		t.Fatalf("expected unsafe-path error before dry-run planning, got: %v", err)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestSheetWriteImageDryRunRejectsOversizedFile(t *testing.T) {
-	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
-	cmdutil.TestChdir(t, tmpDir)
-
-	fh, err := os.Create("huge.png")
 	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Create() error: %v", err)
+		t.Fatalf("dry-run should not stat or open image files, got: %v", err)
 	}
-	if err := fh.Truncate(20*1024*1024 + 1); err != nil {
-		fh.Close()
-		t.Fatalf("Truncate() error: %v", err)
-	}
-	if err := fh.Close(); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Close() error: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	f, stdout, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, sheetsTestConfig())
-	err = mountAndRunSheets(t, SheetWriteImage, []string{
-		"+write-image",
-		"--spreadsheet-token", "shtTOKEN",
-		"--range", "sheet1!A1:A1",
-		"--image", "./huge.png",
-		"--dry-run", "--as", "user",
-	}, f, stdout)
-	if err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "exceeds 20MB limit") {
-		t.Fatalf("expected size error before dry-run planning, got: %v", err)
+	if !strings.Contains(stdout.String(), "/__bridge_url__/qKrk1wSAtS") {
+		t.Fatalf("dry-run output should preserve image path: %s", stdout.String())
 	}
 }
 
@@ -368,6 +361,55 @@ func TestSheetWriteImageExecuteSendsJSON(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestSheetWriteImageExecuteUsesFileIOForBridgeSentinelPath(t *testing.T) {
+	f, stdout, _, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, sheetsTestConfig())
+	imagePath := "/__bridge_url__/qKrk1wSAtS"
+	imageData := []byte{0x89, 0x50, 0x4E, 0x47}
+	f.FileIOProvider = &sheetWriteImageStaticFileIOProvider{
+		fio: &sheetWriteImageMemoryFileIO{
+			files: map[string][]byte{imagePath: imageData},
+		},
+	}
+
+	stub := &httpmock.Stub{
+		Method: "POST",
+		URL:    "/open-apis/sheets/v2/spreadsheets/shtTOKEN/values_image",
+		Body: map[string]interface{}{
+			"code": 0,
+			"msg":  "success",
+			"data": map[string]interface{}{
+				"spreadsheetToken": "shtTOKEN",
+				"revision":         float64(5),
+				"updateRange":      "sheet1!A1:A1",
+			},
+		},
+	}
+	reg.Register(stub)
+
+	err := mountAndRunSheets(t, SheetWriteImage, []string{
+		"+write-image",
+		"--spreadsheet-token", "shtTOKEN",
+		"--range", "sheet1!A1:A1",
+		"--image", imagePath,
+		"--name", "bridge.png",
+		"--as", "user",
+	}, f, stdout)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	var body map[string]interface{}
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(stub.CapturedBody, &body); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("request body is not valid JSON: %v", err)
+	}
+	if body["name"] != "bridge.png" {
+		t.Fatalf("body name = %v, want bridge.png", body["name"])
+	}
+	if body["image"] == nil {
+		t.Fatal("body image field is nil")
+	}
+}
+
 func TestSheetWriteImageExecuteRejectsNonexistentFile(t *testing.T) {
 	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, sheetsTestConfig())
 

shortcuts/sheets/lark_sheets_spreadsheet_management.go

@@ -22,9 +22,9 @@ import (
 var SheetInfo = common.Shortcut{
 	Service:     "sheets",
 	Command:     "+info",
-	Description: "View spreadsheet and sheet information",
+	Description: "View spreadsheet metadata and sheet information",
 	Risk:        "read",
-	Scopes:      []string{"sheets:spreadsheet:read"},
+	Scopes:      []string{"sheets:spreadsheet.meta:read", "sheets:spreadsheet:read"},
 	AuthTypes:   []string{"user", "bot"},
 	Flags: []common.Flag{
 		{Name: "url", Desc: "spreadsheet URL"},

shortcuts/slides/slides_create_test.go

@@ -147,6 +147,55 @@ func TestSlidesCreateBotSkippedWithoutCurrentUser(t *testing.T) {
 	if grant["status"] != common.PermissionGrantSkipped {
 		t.Fatalf("permission_grant.status = %v, want %q", grant["status"], common.PermissionGrantSkipped)
 	}
+	if hint, ok := grant["hint"].(string); !ok || !strings.Contains(hint, "auth login") {
+		t.Fatalf("hint = %#v, want string containing 'auth login'", grant["hint"])
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSlidesCreateBotAutoGrantFailed(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	f, stdout, _, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, slidesTestConfig(t, "ou_current_user"))
+	reg.Register(&httpmock.Stub{
+		Method: "POST",
+		URL:    "/open-apis/slides_ai/v1/xml_presentations",
+		Body: map[string]interface{}{
+			"code": 0,
+			"msg":  "ok",
+			"data": map[string]interface{}{
+				"xml_presentation_id": "pres_grant_fail",
+				"revision_id":         1,
+			},
+		},
+	})
+	registerBatchQueryStub(reg, "pres_grant_fail", "https://example.feishu.cn/slides/pres_grant_fail")
+
+	reg.Register(&httpmock.Stub{
+		Method: "POST",
+		URL:    "/open-apis/drive/v1/permissions/pres_grant_fail/members",
+		Body: map[string]interface{}{
+			"code": 230001,
+			"msg":  "no permission",
+		},
+	})
+
+	err := runSlidesCreateShortcut(t, f, stdout, []string{
+		"+create",
+		"--title", "Grant Fail PPT",
+		"--as", "bot",
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	data := decodeSlidesCreateEnvelope(t, stdout)
+	grant, _ := data["permission_grant"].(map[string]interface{})
+	if grant["status"] != common.PermissionGrantFailed {
+		t.Fatalf("permission_grant.status = %v, want %q", grant["status"], common.PermissionGrantFailed)
+	}
+	if hint, ok := grant["hint"].(string); !ok || !strings.Contains(hint, "Retry later") {
+		t.Fatalf("hint = %#v, want string containing 'Retry later'", grant["hint"])
+	}
 }
 
 // TestSlidesCreateDryRunDefaultTitle verifies that dry-run also normalizes an empty title to "Untitled".

shortcuts/wiki/shortcuts.go

@@ -17,5 +17,8 @@ func Shortcuts() []common.Shortcut {
 		WikiNodeCopy,
 		WikiNodeGet,
 		WikiNodeDelete,
+		WikiMemberAdd,
+		WikiMemberRemove,
+		WikiMemberList,
 	}
 }

shortcuts/wiki/wiki_member_add.go

@@ -0,0 +1,176 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package wiki
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/output"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/validate"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/shortcuts/common"
+)
+
+// WikiMemberAdd wraps POST /open-apis/wiki/v2/spaces/{space_id}/members. The
+// shortcut adds flag ergonomics over the raw API: explicit --member-type and
+// --member-role enum hints, optional --need-notification, my_library
+// resolution, and a flattened single-member output envelope.
+var WikiMemberAdd = common.Shortcut{
+	Service:     "wiki",
+	Command:     "+member-add",
+	Description: "Add a member to a wiki space",
+	Risk:        "write",
+	// The API also accepts wiki:wiki, but the framework's preflight does
+	// exact-string scope matching (see +space-list), so declare the narrowest
+	// scope so tokens that only carry wiki:member:create aren't false-rejected.
+	Scopes:    []string{"wiki:member:create"},
+	AuthTypes: []string{"user", "bot"},
+	Flags: []common.Flag{
+		{Name: "space-id", Desc: "wiki space ID; use my_library for the personal document library (user only)", Required: true},
+		{Name: "member-id", Desc: "member ID; interpretation is decided by --member-type", Required: true},
+		{Name: "member-type", Desc: "ID type for --member-id", Required: true, Enum: wikiMemberTypes},
+		{Name: "member-role", Desc: "role granted within the space", Required: true, Enum: wikiMemberRoles},
+		{Name: "need-notification", Type: "bool", Desc: "send an in-app notification to the new member after the grant"},
+	},
+	Tips: []string{
+		"Use --member-type=email with the user's mailbox if you do not know their open_id.",
+		"--member-role=admin grants full space administration; pick --member-role=member for collaborator access.",
+		"--space-id my_library is a per-user alias and is only valid with --as user.",
+	},
+	Validate: func(ctx context.Context, runtime *common.RuntimeContext) error {
+		_, err := readWikiMemberAddSpec(runtime)
+		return err
+	},
+	DryRun: func(ctx context.Context, runtime *common.RuntimeContext) *common.DryRunAPI {
+		spec, err := readWikiMemberAddSpec(runtime)
+		if err != nil {
+			return common.NewDryRunAPI().Set("error", err.Error())
+		}
+		return buildWikiMemberAddDryRun(spec)
+	},
+	Execute: func(ctx context.Context, runtime *common.RuntimeContext) error {
+		spec, err := readWikiMemberAddSpec(runtime)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		spaceID, err := resolveWikiMemberSpaceID(runtime, spec.SpaceID)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		fmt.Fprintf(runtime.IO().ErrOut, "Adding wiki space member %s (type=%s, role=%s) to space %s...\n",
+			common.MaskToken(spec.MemberID), spec.MemberType, spec.MemberRole, common.MaskToken(spaceID))
+
+		path := fmt.Sprintf("/open-apis/wiki/v2/spaces/%s/members", validate.EncodePathSegment(spaceID))
+		data, err := runtime.CallAPI("POST", path, spec.QueryParams(), spec.RequestBody())
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		out := wikiMemberAddOutput(spaceID, common.GetMap(data, "member"))
+		// Defensive default: mirror +member-remove and fall back to the caller's
+		// inputs per-field when the API echoes empty strings or omits member
+		// fields, so scripts always see what was added.
+		if common.GetString(out, "member_id") == "" {
+			out["member_id"] = spec.MemberID
+		}
+		if common.GetString(out, "member_type") == "" {
+			out["member_type"] = spec.MemberType
+		}
+		if common.GetString(out, "member_role") == "" {
+			out["member_role"] = spec.MemberRole
+		}
+		fmt.Fprintf(runtime.IO().ErrOut, "Added wiki space member %s\n", common.MaskToken(common.GetString(out, "member_id")))
+		runtime.Out(out, nil)
+		return nil
+	},
+}
+
+// wikiMemberAddSpec is the normalized CLI input.
+type wikiMemberAddSpec struct {
+	SpaceID          string
+	MemberID         string
+	MemberType       string
+	MemberRole       string
+	NeedNotification bool
+	NotificationSet  bool
+}
+
+// RequestBody builds the JSON body for POST /spaces/{id}/members.
+func (spec wikiMemberAddSpec) RequestBody() map[string]interface{} {
+	return map[string]interface{}{
+		"member_id":   spec.MemberID,
+		"member_type": spec.MemberType,
+		"member_role": spec.MemberRole,
+	}
+}
+
+// QueryParams returns nil unless the caller explicitly set --need-notification,
+// so the request stays clean when the flag is omitted instead of always
+// forcing need_notification=false.
+func (spec wikiMemberAddSpec) QueryParams() map[string]interface{} {
+	if !spec.NotificationSet {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return map[string]interface{}{"need_notification": spec.NeedNotification}
+}
+
+func readWikiMemberAddSpec(runtime *common.RuntimeContext) (wikiMemberAddSpec, error) {
+	spec := wikiMemberAddSpec{
+		SpaceID:          strings.TrimSpace(runtime.Str("space-id")),
+		MemberID:         strings.TrimSpace(runtime.Str("member-id")),
+		MemberType:       strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(runtime.Str("member-type"))),
+		MemberRole:       strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(runtime.Str("member-role"))),
+		NeedNotification: runtime.Bool("need-notification"),
+		NotificationSet:  runtime.Cmd.Flags().Changed("need-notification"),
+	}
+	if err := validateWikiMemberSpaceID(runtime, spec.SpaceID); err != nil {
+		return wikiMemberAddSpec{}, err
+	}
+	if spec.MemberID == "" {
+		return wikiMemberAddSpec{}, output.ErrValidation("--member-id is required and cannot be blank")
+	}
+	// The space-member API rejects opendepartmentid grants under a
+	// tenant_access_token; surface that as a CLI validation error so callers do
+	// not waste a network round-trip on a server-side 403. The escape hatch is
+	// --as user, which is the only identity the API accepts for departments.
+	if runtime.As().IsBot() && spec.MemberType == "opendepartmentid" {
+		return wikiMemberAddSpec{}, output.ErrValidation(
+			"--as bot does not support --member-type opendepartmentid; rerun with --as user",
+		)
+	}
+	// --member-type / --member-role enum membership is enforced by the
+	// framework's validateEnumFlags (runner.go) before Validate runs, so no
+	// extra membership check is needed here.
+	return spec, nil
+}
+
+func buildWikiMemberAddDryRun(spec wikiMemberAddSpec) *common.DryRunAPI {
+	dry := common.NewDryRunAPI()
+	if spec.SpaceID == wikiMyLibrarySpaceID {
+		dry.Desc("2-step orchestration: resolve my_library -> add wiki space member").
+			GET("/open-apis/wiki/v2/spaces/my_library").
+			Desc("[1] Resolve my_library space ID")
+		dry.POST(fmt.Sprintf("/open-apis/wiki/v2/spaces/%s/members", "<resolved_space_id>")).
+			Desc("[2] Add wiki space member").
+			Params(spec.QueryParams()).
+			Body(spec.RequestBody())
+		return dry
+	}
+	return dry.POST(fmt.Sprintf("/open-apis/wiki/v2/spaces/%s/members", validate.EncodePathSegment(spec.SpaceID))).
+		Params(spec.QueryParams()).
+		Body(spec.RequestBody())
+}
+
+// wikiMemberAddOutput flattens data.member onto a top-level envelope so
+// scripts can read member fields without traversing the nested response.
+func wikiMemberAddOutput(spaceID string, raw map[string]interface{}) map[string]interface{} {
+	out := map[string]interface{}{"space_id": spaceID}
+	for k, v := range wikiMemberRecord(raw) {
+		out[k] = v
+	}
+	return out
+}

shortcuts/wiki/wiki_member_helpers.go

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package wiki
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/output"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/shortcuts/common"
+)
+
+// wikiMemberTypes is the set of member_type values the space-member APIs
+// accept. Shared by +member-add and +member-remove so the two stay aligned.
+var wikiMemberTypes = []string{
+	"openid", "userid", "email", "unionid", "openchat", "opendepartmentid",
+}
+
+// wikiMemberRoles is the set of member_role values the space-member APIs
+// accept.
+var wikiMemberRoles = []string{"admin", "member"}
+
+// validateWikiMemberSpaceID enforces the two universal rules for the
+// space-member shortcuts:
+//   - --space-id must be non-blank and a valid resource name
+//   - bot identity may not use the my_library alias (it has no meaning for a
+//     tenant_access_token; same contract as +node-list / +node-create)
+func validateWikiMemberSpaceID(runtime *common.RuntimeContext, spaceID string) error {
+	if spaceID == "" {
+		return output.ErrValidation("--space-id is required and cannot be blank")
+	}
+	if runtime.As().IsBot() && spaceID == wikiMyLibrarySpaceID {
+		return output.ErrValidation("bot identity does not support --space-id my_library; use an explicit --space-id")
+	}
+	return validateOptionalResourceName(spaceID, "--space-id")
+}
+
+// resolveWikiMemberSpaceID transparently expands the my_library alias to the
+// caller's real per-user space_id; raw IDs pass through. Mirrors the pattern
+// used by +node-list so the three member shortcuts behave the same way.
+func resolveWikiMemberSpaceID(runtime *common.RuntimeContext, spaceID string) (string, error) {
+	if spaceID != wikiMyLibrarySpaceID {
+		return spaceID, nil
+	}
+	resolved, err := resolveMyLibrarySpaceID(runtime)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	fmt.Fprintf(runtime.IO().ErrOut, "Resolved my_library to space %s\n", common.MaskToken(resolved))
+	return resolved, nil
+}
+
+// wikiMemberRecord parses a /spaces/{id}/members member object into a stable
+// flat map. Used by all three shortcuts so they emit the same shape.
+func wikiMemberRecord(raw map[string]interface{}) map[string]interface{} {
+	if raw == nil {
+		// Callers (wikiMemberAddOutput, member-remove Execute) handle nil via
+		// for-range or per-field fallback against the caller's input spec.
+		return nil
+	}
+	out := map[string]interface{}{
+		"member_id":   common.GetString(raw, "member_id"),
+		"member_type": common.GetString(raw, "member_type"),
+		"member_role": common.GetString(raw, "member_role"),
+	}
+	if t := common.GetString(raw, "type"); t != "" {
+		out["type"] = t
+	}
+	return out
+}

shortcuts/wiki/wiki_member_list.go

@@ -0,0 +1,183 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package wiki
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/output"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/validate"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/shortcuts/common"
+)
+
+const (
+	wikiMemberListDefaultPageSize = 50
+	wikiMemberListMaxPageSize     = 50
+)
+
+// WikiMemberList lists the members of a wiki space. Pagination follows the
+// same conventions as +space-list / +node-list (single page by default,
+// --page-all to walk every page, --page-token for explicit cursor resume).
+var WikiMemberList = common.Shortcut{
+	Service:     "wiki",
+	Command:     "+member-list",
+	Description: "List members of a wiki space",
+	Risk:        "read",
+	// Same exact-match-scope rationale as +space-list: declare the narrowest
+	// scope the API takes so tokens carrying only wiki:member:retrieve are
+	// accepted.
+	Scopes:    []string{"wiki:member:retrieve"},
+	AuthTypes: []string{"user", "bot"},
+	HasFormat: true,
+	Flags: []common.Flag{
+		{Name: "space-id", Desc: "wiki space ID; use my_library for the personal document library (user only)", Required: true},
+		{Name: "page-size", Type: "int", Default: strconv.Itoa(wikiMemberListDefaultPageSize), Desc: fmt.Sprintf("page size, 1-%d", wikiMemberListMaxPageSize)},
+		{Name: "page-token", Desc: "page token; implies single-page fetch (no auto-pagination)"},
+		{Name: "page-all", Type: "bool", Desc: "automatically paginate through all pages (capped by --page-limit)"},
+		{Name: "page-limit", Type: "int", Default: "10", Desc: "max pages to fetch with --page-all (default 10, 0 = unlimited)"},
+	},
+	Tips: []string{
+		"Default fetches a single page; pass --page-all to walk every page.",
+		"--space-id my_library is a per-user alias and is only valid with --as user.",
+	},
+	Validate: func(ctx context.Context, runtime *common.RuntimeContext) error {
+		if err := validateWikiMemberSpaceID(runtime, strings.TrimSpace(runtime.Str("space-id"))); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		return validateWikiListPagination(runtime, wikiMemberListMaxPageSize)
+	},
+	DryRun: func(ctx context.Context, runtime *common.RuntimeContext) *common.DryRunAPI {
+		spaceID := strings.TrimSpace(runtime.Str("space-id"))
+		params := map[string]interface{}{"page_size": runtime.Int("page-size")}
+		if pt := strings.TrimSpace(runtime.Str("page-token")); pt != "" {
+			params["page_token"] = pt
+		}
+		dry := common.NewDryRunAPI()
+		if wikiListShouldAutoPaginate(runtime) {
+			dry.Desc("Auto-paginates through all pages (capped by --page-limit when > 0)")
+		}
+		if spaceID == wikiMyLibrarySpaceID {
+			return dry.
+				Desc("2-step orchestration: resolve my_library -> list members").
+				GET("/open-apis/wiki/v2/spaces/my_library").
+				Desc("[1] Resolve my_library space ID").
+				GET(fmt.Sprintf("/open-apis/wiki/v2/spaces/%s/members", "<resolved_space_id>")).
+				Desc("[2] List wiki space members").
+				Params(params)
+		}
+		return dry.
+			GET(fmt.Sprintf("/open-apis/wiki/v2/spaces/%s/members", validate.EncodePathSegment(spaceID))).
+			Params(params)
+	},
+	Execute: func(ctx context.Context, runtime *common.RuntimeContext) error {
+		warnIfConflictingPagingFlags(runtime)
+
+		spaceID, err := resolveWikiMemberSpaceID(runtime, strings.TrimSpace(runtime.Str("space-id")))
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		members, hasMore, nextToken, err := fetchWikiMembers(runtime, spaceID)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		fmt.Fprintf(runtime.IO().ErrOut, "Found %d wiki space member(s)\n", len(members))
+
+		outData := map[string]interface{}{
+			"space_id":   spaceID,
+			"members":    members,
+			"has_more":   hasMore,
+			"page_token": nextToken,
+		}
+		runtime.OutFormat(outData, &output.Meta{Count: len(members)}, func(w io.Writer) {
+			renderWikiMembersPretty(w, spaceID, members, hasMore, nextToken)
+		})
+		return nil
+	},
+}
+
+// fetchWikiMembers honours the four pagination flags, matching +space-list /
+// +node-list behavior so the three list shortcuts feel uniform.
+func fetchWikiMembers(runtime *common.RuntimeContext, spaceID string) ([]map[string]interface{}, bool, string, error) {
+	pageSize := runtime.Int("page-size")
+	startToken := strings.TrimSpace(runtime.Str("page-token"))
+	auto := wikiListShouldAutoPaginate(runtime)
+	pageLimit := runtime.Int("page-limit")
+
+	apiPath := fmt.Sprintf("/open-apis/wiki/v2/spaces/%s/members", validate.EncodePathSegment(spaceID))
+
+	var (
+		members       = make([]map[string]interface{}, 0)
+		pageToken     = startToken
+		lastHasMore   bool
+		lastPageToken string
+	)
+	for page := 0; ; page++ {
+		params := map[string]interface{}{"page_size": pageSize}
+		if pageToken != "" {
+			params["page_token"] = pageToken
+		}
+		data, err := runtime.CallAPI("GET", apiPath, params, nil)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, false, "", err
+		}
+		items, _ := data["members"].([]interface{})
+		for _, item := range items {
+			if m, ok := item.(map[string]interface{}); ok {
+				members = append(members, wikiMemberRecord(m))
+			}
+		}
+		lastHasMore, _ = data["has_more"].(bool)
+		lastPageToken, _ = data["page_token"].(string)
+		if !auto {
+			break
+		}
+		if !lastHasMore || lastPageToken == "" {
+			break
+		}
+		if lastPageToken == pageToken {
+			// Guard against a buggy server echoing the same cursor with
+			// has_more=true: without --page-limit we would loop forever.
+			fmt.Fprintf(runtime.IO().ErrOut, "Stopping pagination: server returned a non-advancing page_token.\n")
+			break
+		}
+		if pageLimit > 0 && page+1 >= pageLimit {
+			break
+		}
+		pageToken = lastPageToken
+	}
+	return members, lastHasMore, lastPageToken, nil
+}
+
+func renderWikiMembersPretty(w io.Writer, spaceID string, members []map[string]interface{}, hasMore bool, pageToken string) {
+	fmt.Fprintf(w, "Wiki space: %s\n", spaceID)
+	if len(members) == 0 {
+		// Distinguish "nothing here" from "current page empty but server says
+		// more pages follow" — the latter is a hint to keep paginating.
+		if hasMore && pageToken != "" {
+			fmt.Fprintln(w, "Current page is empty but the server reports more pages.")
+			fmt.Fprintln(w, "Pass --page-all to walk every page, or --page-token to resume from the cursor below:")
+			fmt.Fprintf(w, "  next page_token: %s\n", pageToken)
+			return
+		}
+		fmt.Fprintln(w, "No wiki space members found.")
+		return
+	}
+	for i, m := range members {
+		fmt.Fprintf(w, "[%d] %s\n", i+1, valueOrDash(m["member_id"]))
+		fmt.Fprintf(w, "    member_type: %s\n", valueOrDash(m["member_type"]))
+		fmt.Fprintf(w, "    member_role: %s\n", valueOrDash(m["member_role"]))
+		if t, _ := m["type"].(string); t != "" {
+			fmt.Fprintf(w, "    type:        %s\n", t)
+		}
+		fmt.Fprintln(w)
+	}
+	if hasMore && pageToken != "" {
+		fmt.Fprintf(w, "Next page token: %s\n", pageToken)
+	}
+}

shortcuts/wiki/wiki_member_remove.go

@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package wiki
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/output"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/validate"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/shortcuts/common"
+)
+
+// WikiMemberRemove wraps DELETE /open-apis/wiki/v2/spaces/{space_id}/members/{member_id}.
+// Unlike most DELETEs, this API requires a body specifying member_type and
+// member_role, since the path :member_id is ambiguous without both. The
+// shortcut surfaces both as flags and flattens the returned member object.
+var WikiMemberRemove = common.Shortcut{
+	Service:     "wiki",
+	Command:     "+member-remove",
+	Description: "Remove a member from a wiki space",
+	Risk:        "write",
+	// The API also accepts wiki:wiki; we declare the narrowest valid scope so
+	// tokens carrying only wiki:member:update aren't false-rejected by the
+	// exact-string scope preflight (see +space-list for the full reasoning).
+	Scopes:    []string{"wiki:member:update"},
+	AuthTypes: []string{"user", "bot"},
+	Flags: []common.Flag{
+		{Name: "space-id", Desc: "wiki space ID; use my_library for the personal document library (user only)", Required: true},
+		{Name: "member-id", Desc: "member ID; interpretation is decided by --member-type", Required: true},
+		{Name: "member-type", Desc: "ID type for --member-id (must match the original grant)", Required: true, Enum: wikiMemberTypes},
+		{Name: "member-role", Desc: "role being revoked (must match the original grant)", Required: true, Enum: wikiMemberRoles},
+	},
+	Tips: []string{
+		"--member-type and --member-role must match the original grant; revoking a non-existent (member_id, type, role) tuple is a no-op error from the API.",
+		"To switch a member from admin to member or vice versa, remove the old role first, then call +member-add with the new one.",
+		"--space-id my_library is a per-user alias and is only valid with --as user.",
+	},
+	Validate: func(ctx context.Context, runtime *common.RuntimeContext) error {
+		_, err := readWikiMemberRemoveSpec(runtime)
+		return err
+	},
+	DryRun: func(ctx context.Context, runtime *common.RuntimeContext) *common.DryRunAPI {
+		spec, err := readWikiMemberRemoveSpec(runtime)
+		if err != nil {
+			return common.NewDryRunAPI().Set("error", err.Error())
+		}
+		return buildWikiMemberRemoveDryRun(spec)
+	},
+	Execute: func(ctx context.Context, runtime *common.RuntimeContext) error {
+		spec, err := readWikiMemberRemoveSpec(runtime)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		spaceID, err := resolveWikiMemberSpaceID(runtime, spec.SpaceID)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		fmt.Fprintf(runtime.IO().ErrOut, "Removing wiki space member %s (type=%s, role=%s) from space %s...\n",
+			common.MaskToken(spec.MemberID), spec.MemberType, spec.MemberRole, common.MaskToken(spaceID))
+
+		path := fmt.Sprintf(
+			"/open-apis/wiki/v2/spaces/%s/members/%s",
+			validate.EncodePathSegment(spaceID),
+			validate.EncodePathSegment(spec.MemberID),
+		)
+		data, err := runtime.CallAPI("DELETE", path, nil, spec.RequestBody())
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		out := map[string]interface{}{"space_id": spaceID}
+		for k, v := range wikiMemberRecord(common.GetMap(data, "member")) {
+			out[k] = v
+		}
+		// Defensive default: if the API omits the member echo, or echoes empty
+		// strings for any of the three identifying fields, fall back to the
+		// caller's inputs per-field so scripts still see what was removed.
+		if common.GetString(out, "member_id") == "" {
+			out["member_id"] = spec.MemberID
+		}
+		if common.GetString(out, "member_type") == "" {
+			out["member_type"] = spec.MemberType
+		}
+		if common.GetString(out, "member_role") == "" {
+			out["member_role"] = spec.MemberRole
+		}
+		fmt.Fprintf(runtime.IO().ErrOut, "Removed wiki space member %s\n", common.MaskToken(common.GetString(out, "member_id")))
+		runtime.Out(out, nil)
+		return nil
+	},
+}
+
+// wikiMemberRemoveSpec is the normalized CLI input.
+type wikiMemberRemoveSpec struct {
+	SpaceID    string
+	MemberID   string
+	MemberType string
+	MemberRole string
+}
+
+// RequestBody builds the JSON body the DELETE endpoint requires.
+func (spec wikiMemberRemoveSpec) RequestBody() map[string]interface{} {
+	return map[string]interface{}{
+		"member_type": spec.MemberType,
+		"member_role": spec.MemberRole,
+	}
+}
+
+func readWikiMemberRemoveSpec(runtime *common.RuntimeContext) (wikiMemberRemoveSpec, error) {
+	spec := wikiMemberRemoveSpec{
+		SpaceID:    strings.TrimSpace(runtime.Str("space-id")),
+		MemberID:   strings.TrimSpace(runtime.Str("member-id")),
+		MemberType: strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(runtime.Str("member-type"))),
+		MemberRole: strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(runtime.Str("member-role"))),
+	}
+	if err := validateWikiMemberSpaceID(runtime, spec.SpaceID); err != nil {
+		return wikiMemberRemoveSpec{}, err
+	}
+	if spec.MemberID == "" {
+		return wikiMemberRemoveSpec{}, output.ErrValidation("--member-id is required and cannot be blank")
+	}
+	// Enum membership for --member-type / --member-role is enforced by the
+	// framework's validateEnumFlags (runner.go) before Validate runs.
+	return spec, nil
+}
+
+func buildWikiMemberRemoveDryRun(spec wikiMemberRemoveSpec) *common.DryRunAPI {
+	dry := common.NewDryRunAPI()
+	if spec.SpaceID == wikiMyLibrarySpaceID {
+		dry.Desc("2-step orchestration: resolve my_library -> remove wiki space member").
+			GET("/open-apis/wiki/v2/spaces/my_library").
+			Desc("[1] Resolve my_library space ID")
+		dry.DELETE(fmt.Sprintf(
+			"/open-apis/wiki/v2/spaces/%s/members/%s",
+			"<resolved_space_id>",
+			validate.EncodePathSegment(spec.MemberID),
+		)).
+			Desc("[2] Remove wiki space member").
+			Body(spec.RequestBody())
+		return dry
+	}
+	return dry.DELETE(fmt.Sprintf(
+		"/open-apis/wiki/v2/spaces/%s/members/%s",
+		validate.EncodePathSegment(spec.SpaceID),
+		validate.EncodePathSegment(spec.MemberID),
+	)).
+		Body(spec.RequestBody())
+}

shortcuts/wiki/wiki_member_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,734 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package wiki
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/url"
+	"reflect"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/httpmock"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/shortcuts/common"
+)
+
+// ── registration / declared contract ────────────────────────────────────────
+
+func TestWikiShortcutsIncludesMembers(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	commands := map[string]bool{}
+	for _, s := range Shortcuts() {
+		commands[s.Command] = true
+	}
+	for _, want := range []string{"+member-add", "+member-remove", "+member-list"} {
+		if !commands[want] {
+			t.Errorf("Shortcuts() missing %q", want)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// TestWikiMemberShortcutsDeclareNarrowScopes pins the per-endpoint scope so a
+// future broadening (e.g. wiki:wiki) doesn't silently reject tokens that
+// carry only the narrow scope the API accepts.
+func TestWikiMemberShortcutsDeclareNarrowScopes(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	cases := []struct {
+		name     string
+		shortcut common.Shortcut
+		want     []string
+	}{
+		{"+member-add", WikiMemberAdd, []string{"wiki:member:create"}},
+		{"+member-remove", WikiMemberRemove, []string{"wiki:member:update"}},
+		{"+member-list", WikiMemberList, []string{"wiki:member:retrieve"}},
+	}
+	for _, tc := range cases {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			if !reflect.DeepEqual(tc.shortcut.Scopes, tc.want) {
+				t.Fatalf("%s scopes = %v, want %v", tc.name, tc.shortcut.Scopes, tc.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestWikiMemberShortcutsDeclareRiskAndAuth(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	cases := []struct {
+		name     string
+		shortcut common.Shortcut
+		risk     string
+	}{
+		{"+member-add", WikiMemberAdd, "write"},
+		{"+member-remove", WikiMemberRemove, "write"},
+		{"+member-list", WikiMemberList, "read"},
+	}
+	wantAuth := []string{"user", "bot"}
+	for _, tc := range cases {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			if tc.shortcut.Risk != tc.risk {
+				t.Errorf("Risk = %q, want %q", tc.shortcut.Risk, tc.risk)
+			}
+			if !reflect.DeepEqual(tc.shortcut.AuthTypes, wantAuth) {
+				t.Errorf("AuthTypes = %v, want %v", tc.shortcut.AuthTypes, wantAuth)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// ── +member-add ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+func TestWikiMemberAddRequestBodyOmitsQueryWhenNotificationFlagUnset(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	spec := wikiMemberAddSpec{
+		SpaceID:    "space_1",
+		MemberID:   "ou_x",
+		MemberType: "openid",
+		MemberRole: "member",
+	}
+	if got := spec.QueryParams(); got != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("QueryParams() = %v, want nil when --need-notification was not set", got)
+	}
+	body := spec.RequestBody()
+	want := map[string]interface{}{"member_id": "ou_x", "member_type": "openid", "member_role": "member"}
+	if !reflect.DeepEqual(body, want) {
+		t.Fatalf("RequestBody() = %v, want %v", body, want)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestWikiMemberAddQueryParamsHonorsExplicitNotification(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	spec := wikiMemberAddSpec{
+		NotificationSet:  true,
+		NeedNotification: true,
+	}
+	if got := spec.QueryParams(); !reflect.DeepEqual(got, map[string]interface{}{"need_notification": true}) {
+		t.Fatalf("QueryParams() = %v, want need_notification=true", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestWikiMemberAddQueryParamsHonorsExplicitFalse(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	// The three-state design (unset / true / false) must distinguish false from
+	// unset so --need-notification=false reaches the server instead of being
+	// dropped along with the param block.
+	spec := wikiMemberAddSpec{
+		NotificationSet:  true,
+		NeedNotification: false,
+	}
+	if got := spec.QueryParams(); !reflect.DeepEqual(got, map[string]interface{}{"need_notification": false}) {
+		t.Fatalf("QueryParams() = %v, want need_notification=false", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestWikiMemberAddDryRunSingleStep(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	dry := buildWikiMemberAddDryRun(wikiMemberAddSpec{
+		SpaceID:    "space_42",
+		MemberID:   "ou_x",
+		MemberType: "openid",
+		MemberRole: "admin",
+	})
+	api := dryRunAPIList(t, dry)
+	if len(api) != 1 || api[0].Method != "POST" || api[0].URL != "/open-apis/wiki/v2/spaces/space_42/members" {
+		t.Fatalf("dry-run api = %#v", api)
+	}
+	if api[0].Body["member_id"] != "ou_x" || api[0].Body["member_role"] != "admin" {
+		t.Fatalf("dry-run body = %#v", api[0].Body)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestWikiMemberAddDryRunMyLibraryIsTwoStep(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	dry := buildWikiMemberAddDryRun(wikiMemberAddSpec{
+		SpaceID:    wikiMyLibrarySpaceID,
+		MemberID:   "ou_x",
+		MemberType: "openid",
+		MemberRole: "member",
+	})
+	api := dryRunAPIList(t, dry)
+	if len(api) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("dry-run api count = %d, want 2", len(api))
+	}
+	if api[0].Method != "GET" || !strings.Contains(api[0].URL, "/spaces/my_library") {
+		t.Fatalf("dry-run step 1 = %#v", api[0])
+	}
+	if api[1].Method != "POST" || !strings.Contains(api[1].URL, "<resolved_space_id>/members") {
+		t.Fatalf("dry-run step 2 = %#v", api[1])
+	}
+}
+
+func TestWikiMemberAddRejectsMyLibraryForBot(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", t.TempDir())
+
+	factory, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, wikiTestConfig())
+	err := mountAndRunWiki(t, WikiMemberAdd, []string{
+		"+member-add",
+		"--space-id", "my_library",
+		"--member-id", "ou_x",
+		"--member-type", "openid",
+		"--member-role", "member",
+		"--as", "bot",
+	}, factory, nil)
+	if err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "bot identity does not support --space-id my_library") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected my_library bot rejection, got %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestWikiMemberAddRejectsBotWithDepartment(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", t.TempDir())
+
+	factory, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, wikiTestConfig())
+	err := mountAndRunWiki(t, WikiMemberAdd, []string{
+		"+member-add",
+		"--space-id", "space_42",
+		"--member-id", "od_dept_1",
+		"--member-type", "opendepartmentid",
+		"--member-role", "member",
+		"--as", "bot",
+	}, factory, nil)
+	if err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "--as bot does not support --member-type opendepartmentid") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected bot+opendepartmentid rejection, got %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestWikiMemberAddMountedExecuteFlattensMember(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", t.TempDir())
+
+	factory, stdout, stderr, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, wikiTestConfig())
+
+	var capturedQuery string
+	stub := &httpmock.Stub{
+		Method:  "POST",
+		URL:     "/open-apis/wiki/v2/spaces/space_42/members",
+		OnMatch: func(req *http.Request) { capturedQuery = req.URL.RawQuery },
+		Body: map[string]interface{}{
+			"code": 0,
+			"data": map[string]interface{}{
+				"member": map[string]interface{}{
+					"member_id":   "ou_abc",
+					"member_type": "openid",
+					"member_role": "admin",
+					"type":        "user",
+				},
+			},
+			"msg": "success",
+		},
+	}
+	reg.Register(stub)
+
+	err := mountAndRunWiki(t, WikiMemberAdd, []string{
+		"+member-add",
+		"--space-id", "space_42",
+		"--member-id", "ou_abc",
+		"--member-type", "openid",
+		"--member-role", "admin",
+		"--need-notification",
+		"--as", "user",
+	}, factory, stdout)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("mountAndRunWiki() error = %v", err)
+	}
+
+	data := decodeWikiEnvelope(t, stdout)
+	if data["space_id"] != "space_42" {
+		t.Fatalf("space_id = %#v", data["space_id"])
+	}
+	if data["member_id"] != "ou_abc" || data["member_role"] != "admin" || data["type"] != "user" {
+		t.Fatalf("flattened envelope = %#v", data)
+	}
+
+	// Captured body must carry the three required fields; query must include the
+	// notification flag because the caller passed --need-notification.
+	var captured map[string]interface{}
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(stub.CapturedBody, &captured); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unmarshal captured body: %v", err)
+	}
+	if captured["member_id"] != "ou_abc" || captured["member_type"] != "openid" || captured["member_role"] != "admin" {
+		t.Fatalf("captured request body = %#v", captured)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(capturedQuery, "need_notification=true") {
+		t.Fatalf("captured query = %q, want need_notification=true", capturedQuery)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(stderr.String(), "Added wiki space member") {
+		t.Fatalf("stderr = %q, want success log", stderr.String())
+	}
+}
+
+func TestWikiMemberAddFallsBackToSpecWhenMemberEchoIsEmpty(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", t.TempDir())
+
+	factory, stdout, _, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, wikiTestConfig())
+
+	// Server returns an empty member object: scripts must still see the three
+	// identifying fields, restored from the caller's spec.
+	reg.Register(&httpmock.Stub{
+		Method: "POST",
+		URL:    "/open-apis/wiki/v2/spaces/space_42/members",
+		Body: map[string]interface{}{
+			"code": 0,
+			"data": map[string]interface{}{
+				"member": map[string]interface{}{},
+			},
+			"msg": "success",
+		},
+	})
+
+	err := mountAndRunWiki(t, WikiMemberAdd, []string{
+		"+member-add",
+		"--space-id", "space_42",
+		"--member-id", "ou_abc",
+		"--member-type", "openid",
+		"--member-role", "admin",
+		"--as", "user",
+	}, factory, stdout)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("mountAndRunWiki() error = %v", err)
+	}
+	data := decodeWikiEnvelope(t, stdout)
+	if data["space_id"] != "space_42" ||
+		data["member_id"] != "ou_abc" ||
+		data["member_type"] != "openid" ||
+		data["member_role"] != "admin" {
+		t.Fatalf("fallback envelope = %#v", data)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestWikiMemberAddResolvesMyLibraryForUser(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", t.TempDir())
+
+	factory, stdout, _, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, wikiTestConfig())
+
+	reg.Register(&httpmock.Stub{
+		Method: "GET",
+		URL:    "/open-apis/wiki/v2/spaces/my_library",
+		Body: map[string]interface{}{
+			"code": 0, "msg": "success",
+			"data": map[string]interface{}{
+				"space": map[string]interface{}{"space_id": "space_personal_7", "name": "My Library", "space_type": "my_library"},
+			},
+		},
+	})
+	reg.Register(&httpmock.Stub{
+		Method: "POST",
+		URL:    "/open-apis/wiki/v2/spaces/space_personal_7/members",
+		Body: map[string]interface{}{
+			"code": 0, "msg": "success",
+			"data": map[string]interface{}{
+				"member": map[string]interface{}{
+					"member_id":   "ou_x",
+					"member_type": "openid",
+					"member_role": "member",
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	})
+
+	err := mountAndRunWiki(t, WikiMemberAdd, []string{
+		"+member-add",
+		"--space-id", "my_library",
+		"--member-id", "ou_x",
+		"--member-type", "openid",
+		"--member-role", "member",
+		"--as", "user",
+	}, factory, stdout)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("mountAndRunWiki() error = %v", err)
+	}
+	data := decodeWikiEnvelope(t, stdout)
+	if data["space_id"] != "space_personal_7" {
+		t.Fatalf("space_id = %#v, want space_personal_7", data["space_id"])
+	}
+}
+
+// ── +member-remove ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+func TestWikiMemberRemoveSpecRequiresMemberID(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	cmd := newMemberRemoveCmd("space_1", "", "openid", "member")
+	runtime := common.TestNewRuntimeContext(cmd, nil)
+	if _, err := readWikiMemberRemoveSpec(runtime); err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "--member-id is required") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected --member-id rejection, got %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestWikiMemberRemoveDryRunIncludesBody(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	dry := buildWikiMemberRemoveDryRun(wikiMemberRemoveSpec{
+		SpaceID:    "space_42",
+		MemberID:   "ou_x",
+		MemberType: "openid",
+		MemberRole: "admin",
+	})
+	api := dryRunAPIList(t, dry)
+	if len(api) != 1 || api[0].Method != "DELETE" {
+		t.Fatalf("dry-run api = %#v", api)
+	}
+	if api[0].URL != "/open-apis/wiki/v2/spaces/space_42/members/ou_x" {
+		t.Fatalf("dry-run url = %q", api[0].URL)
+	}
+	if api[0].Body["member_type"] != "openid" || api[0].Body["member_role"] != "admin" {
+		t.Fatalf("dry-run body = %#v", api[0].Body)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestWikiMemberRemoveDryRunMyLibraryIsTwoStep(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	dry := buildWikiMemberRemoveDryRun(wikiMemberRemoveSpec{
+		SpaceID:    wikiMyLibrarySpaceID,
+		MemberID:   "ou_x",
+		MemberType: "openid",
+		MemberRole: "member",
+	})
+	api := dryRunAPIList(t, dry)
+	if len(api) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("dry-run api count = %d, want 2", len(api))
+	}
+	if api[1].Method != "DELETE" || !strings.Contains(api[1].URL, "<resolved_space_id>/members/ou_x") {
+		t.Fatalf("dry-run step 2 = %#v", api[1])
+	}
+}
+
+func TestWikiMemberRemoveMountedExecuteFlattensMember(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", t.TempDir())
+
+	factory, stdout, _, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, wikiTestConfig())
+
+	reg.Register(&httpmock.Stub{
+		Method: "DELETE",
+		URL:    "/open-apis/wiki/v2/spaces/space_42/members/ou_abc",
+		Body: map[string]interface{}{
+			"code": 0,
+			"data": map[string]interface{}{
+				"member": map[string]interface{}{
+					"member_id":   "ou_abc",
+					"member_type": "openid",
+					"member_role": "admin",
+				},
+			},
+			"msg": "success",
+		},
+	})
+
+	err := mountAndRunWiki(t, WikiMemberRemove, []string{
+		"+member-remove",
+		"--space-id", "space_42",
+		"--member-id", "ou_abc",
+		"--member-type", "openid",
+		"--member-role", "admin",
+		"--as", "user",
+	}, factory, stdout)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("mountAndRunWiki() error = %v", err)
+	}
+	data := decodeWikiEnvelope(t, stdout)
+	if data["space_id"] != "space_42" || data["member_id"] != "ou_abc" || data["member_role"] != "admin" {
+		t.Fatalf("envelope = %#v", data)
+	}
+}
+
+// ── +member-list ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+func TestWikiMemberListRequiresSpaceID(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	factory, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, wikiTestConfig())
+	err := mountAndRunWiki(t, WikiMemberList, []string{"+member-list", "--as", "user"}, factory, nil)
+	if err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "required") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected required flag error, got %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestWikiMemberListRejectsMyLibraryForBot(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	factory, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, wikiTestConfig())
+	err := mountAndRunWiki(t, WikiMemberList, []string{
+		"+member-list", "--space-id", "my_library", "--as", "bot",
+	}, factory, nil)
+	if err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "bot identity does not support --space-id my_library") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected my_library bot rejection, got %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestWikiMemberListReturnsMembers(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", t.TempDir())
+
+	factory, stdout, _, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, wikiTestConfig())
+
+	reg.Register(&httpmock.Stub{
+		Method: "GET",
+		URL:    "/open-apis/wiki/v2/spaces/space_42/members",
+		Body: map[string]interface{}{
+			"code": 0, "msg": "success",
+			"data": map[string]interface{}{
+				"has_more": false,
+				"members": []interface{}{
+					map[string]interface{}{
+						"member_id":   "ou_1",
+						"member_type": "openid",
+						"member_role": "admin",
+					},
+					map[string]interface{}{
+						"member_id":   "ou_2",
+						"member_type": "openid",
+						"member_role": "member",
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	})
+
+	err := mountAndRunWiki(t, WikiMemberList, []string{
+		"+member-list", "--space-id", "space_42", "--as", "user",
+	}, factory, stdout)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("mountAndRunWiki() error = %v", err)
+	}
+
+	var envelope struct {
+		OK   bool `json:"ok"`
+		Data struct {
+			SpaceID   string                   `json:"space_id"`
+			Members   []map[string]interface{} `json:"members"`
+			HasMore   bool                     `json:"has_more"`
+			PageToken string                   `json:"page_token"`
+		} `json:"data"`
+		Meta struct {
+			Count float64 `json:"count"`
+		} `json:"meta"`
+	}
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(stdout.Bytes(), &envelope); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unmarshal stdout: %v", err)
+	}
+	if !envelope.OK {
+		t.Fatalf("expected ok=true, got %s", stdout.String())
+	}
+	if envelope.Meta.Count != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("meta.count = %v, want 2", envelope.Meta.Count)
+	}
+	if envelope.Data.SpaceID != "space_42" {
+		t.Fatalf("data.space_id = %q, want space_42", envelope.Data.SpaceID)
+	}
+	if envelope.Data.Members[0]["member_role"] != "admin" {
+		t.Fatalf("members[0].member_role = %v", envelope.Data.Members[0]["member_role"])
+	}
+}
+
+func TestWikiMemberListResolvesMyLibraryForUser(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", t.TempDir())
+
+	factory, stdout, _, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, wikiTestConfig())
+
+	reg.Register(&httpmock.Stub{
+		Method: "GET",
+		URL:    "/open-apis/wiki/v2/spaces/my_library",
+		Body: map[string]interface{}{
+			"code": 0, "msg": "success",
+			"data": map[string]interface{}{
+				"space": map[string]interface{}{"space_id": "space_personal_7", "name": "My Library", "space_type": "my_library"},
+			},
+		},
+	})
+	reg.Register(&httpmock.Stub{
+		Method: "GET",
+		URL:    "/open-apis/wiki/v2/spaces/space_personal_7/members",
+		Body: map[string]interface{}{
+			"code": 0, "msg": "success",
+			"data": map[string]interface{}{
+				"has_more": false,
+				"members":  []interface{}{},
+			},
+		},
+	})
+
+	err := mountAndRunWiki(t, WikiMemberList, []string{
+		"+member-list", "--space-id", "my_library", "--as", "user",
+	}, factory, stdout)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("mountAndRunWiki() error = %v", err)
+	}
+	var envelope struct {
+		Data struct {
+			SpaceID string `json:"space_id"`
+		} `json:"data"`
+	}
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(stdout.Bytes(), &envelope); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unmarshal stdout: %v", err)
+	}
+	if envelope.Data.SpaceID != "space_personal_7" {
+		t.Fatalf("data.space_id = %q, want space_personal_7", envelope.Data.SpaceID)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestWikiMemberListAutoPaginatesAcrossPages(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", t.TempDir())
+
+	factory, stdout, _, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, wikiTestConfig())
+
+	// Page 1: has_more=true, page_token set. Loop must continue.
+	reg.Register(&httpmock.Stub{
+		Method: "GET",
+		URL:    "/open-apis/wiki/v2/spaces/space_42/members",
+		Body: map[string]interface{}{
+			"code": 0, "msg": "success",
+			"data": map[string]interface{}{
+				"has_more":   true,
+				"page_token": "tok_page2",
+				"members": []interface{}{
+					map[string]interface{}{"member_id": "ou_1", "member_type": "openid", "member_role": "admin"},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	})
+	// Page 2: must carry page_token=tok_page2 in the query. Captured to verify.
+	var page2Query string
+	reg.Register(&httpmock.Stub{
+		Method:  "GET",
+		URL:     "/open-apis/wiki/v2/spaces/space_42/members",
+		OnMatch: func(req *http.Request) { page2Query = req.URL.RawQuery },
+		Body: map[string]interface{}{
+			"code": 0, "msg": "success",
+			"data": map[string]interface{}{
+				"has_more":   false,
+				"page_token": "",
+				"members": []interface{}{
+					map[string]interface{}{"member_id": "ou_2", "member_type": "openid", "member_role": "member"},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	})
+
+	err := mountAndRunWiki(t, WikiMemberList, []string{
+		"+member-list", "--space-id", "space_42", "--page-all", "--as", "user",
+	}, factory, stdout)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("mountAndRunWiki() error = %v", err)
+	}
+
+	var envelope struct {
+		Data struct {
+			Members   []map[string]interface{} `json:"members"`
+			HasMore   bool                     `json:"has_more"`
+			PageToken string                   `json:"page_token"`
+		} `json:"data"`
+		Meta struct {
+			Count float64 `json:"count"`
+		} `json:"meta"`
+	}
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(stdout.Bytes(), &envelope); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unmarshal stdout: %v", err)
+	}
+	if envelope.Meta.Count != 2 || len(envelope.Data.Members) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("merged members = %d / count=%v, want 2 / 2", len(envelope.Data.Members), envelope.Meta.Count)
+	}
+	if envelope.Data.HasMore || envelope.Data.PageToken != "" {
+		t.Fatalf("natural end should clear has_more/page_token, got has_more=%v page_token=%q",
+			envelope.Data.HasMore, envelope.Data.PageToken)
+	}
+	q, _ := url.ParseQuery(page2Query)
+	if q.Get("page_token") != "tok_page2" {
+		t.Fatalf("page2 page_token = %q, want tok_page2", q.Get("page_token"))
+	}
+}
+
+func TestWikiMemberListPageLimitTruncatesAndExposesNextCursor(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", t.TempDir())
+
+	factory, stdout, _, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, wikiTestConfig())
+
+	// Only stub page 1; with --page-limit=1 the loop must stop BEFORE page 2 —
+	// and the response must surface has_more/page_token so the caller can resume.
+	reg.Register(&httpmock.Stub{
+		Method: "GET",
+		URL:    "/open-apis/wiki/v2/spaces/space_42/members",
+		Body: map[string]interface{}{
+			"code": 0, "msg": "success",
+			"data": map[string]interface{}{
+				"has_more":   true,
+				"page_token": "tok_next",
+				"members": []interface{}{
+					map[string]interface{}{"member_id": "ou_only", "member_type": "openid", "member_role": "admin"},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	})
+
+	err := mountAndRunWiki(t, WikiMemberList, []string{
+		"+member-list", "--space-id", "space_42", "--page-all", "--page-limit", "1", "--as", "user",
+	}, factory, stdout)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("mountAndRunWiki() error = %v", err)
+	}
+
+	var envelope struct {
+		Data struct {
+			Members   []map[string]interface{} `json:"members"`
+			HasMore   bool                     `json:"has_more"`
+			PageToken string                   `json:"page_token"`
+		} `json:"data"`
+	}
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(stdout.Bytes(), &envelope); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unmarshal stdout: %v", err)
+	}
+	if len(envelope.Data.Members) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("members = %d, want 1 (capped)", len(envelope.Data.Members))
+	}
+	if !envelope.Data.HasMore || envelope.Data.PageToken != "tok_next" {
+		t.Fatalf("truncated state = has_more=%v page_token=%q, want true / tok_next",
+			envelope.Data.HasMore, envelope.Data.PageToken)
+	}
+}
+
+// ── helpers ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+func newMemberRemoveCmd(spaceID, memberID, memberType, memberRole string) *cobra.Command {
+	cmd := &cobra.Command{Use: "wiki +member-remove"}
+	cmd.Flags().String("space-id", spaceID, "")
+	cmd.Flags().String("member-id", memberID, "")
+	cmd.Flags().String("member-type", memberType, "")
+	cmd.Flags().String("member-role", memberRole, "")
+	return cmd
+}
+
+// dryRunAPIList serializes a DryRunAPI through JSON to match how the framework
+// exposes it to callers — same approach used by +space-create's tests.
+func dryRunAPIList(t *testing.T, dry *common.DryRunAPI) []struct {
+	Method string                 `json:"method"`
+	URL    string                 `json:"url"`
+	Body   map[string]interface{} `json:"body"`
+	Params map[string]interface{} `json:"params"`
+} {
+	t.Helper()
+	data, err := json.Marshal(dry)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("marshal dry run: %v", err)
+	}
+	var got struct {
+		API []struct {
+			Method string                 `json:"method"`
+			URL    string                 `json:"url"`
+			Body   map[string]interface{} `json:"body"`
+			Params map[string]interface{} `json:"params"`
+		} `json:"api"`
+	}
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &got); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unmarshal dry run: %v", err)
+	}
+	return got.API
+}

shortcuts/wiki/wiki_node_create_test.go

@@ -577,6 +577,105 @@ func TestWikiNodeCreateBotAutoGrantSuccess(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestWikiNodeCreateBotAutoGrantSkippedNoUser(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", t.TempDir())
+
+	factory, stdout, _, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, wikiPermissionTestConfig(""))
+
+	reg.Register(&httpmock.Stub{
+		Method: "POST",
+		URL:    "/open-apis/wiki/v2/spaces/space_123/nodes",
+		Body: map[string]interface{}{
+			"code": 0,
+			"data": map[string]interface{}{
+				"node": map[string]interface{}{
+					"space_id":   "space_123",
+					"node_token": "wik_skipped",
+					"obj_token":  "docx_skipped",
+					"obj_type":   "docx",
+					"node_type":  "origin",
+					"title":      "Wiki Skipped",
+					"has_child":  false,
+				},
+			},
+			"msg": "success",
+		},
+	})
+
+	err := mountAndRunWiki(t, WikiNodeCreate, []string{
+		"+node-create",
+		"--space-id", "space_123",
+		"--title", "Wiki Skipped",
+		"--as", "bot",
+	}, factory, stdout)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("mountAndRunWiki() error = %v", err)
+	}
+
+	data := decodeWikiEnvelope(t, stdout)
+	grant, _ := data["permission_grant"].(map[string]interface{})
+	if grant["status"] != common.PermissionGrantSkipped {
+		t.Fatalf("permission_grant.status = %#v, want %q", grant["status"], common.PermissionGrantSkipped)
+	}
+	if hint, ok := grant["hint"].(string); !ok || !strings.Contains(hint, "auth login") {
+		t.Fatalf("hint = %#v, want string containing 'auth login'", grant["hint"])
+	}
+}
+
+func TestWikiNodeCreateBotAutoGrantFailed(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", t.TempDir())
+
+	factory, stdout, _, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, wikiPermissionTestConfig("ou_current_user"))
+
+	reg.Register(&httpmock.Stub{
+		Method: "POST",
+		URL:    "/open-apis/wiki/v2/spaces/space_123/nodes",
+		Body: map[string]interface{}{
+			"code": 0,
+			"data": map[string]interface{}{
+				"node": map[string]interface{}{
+					"space_id":   "space_123",
+					"node_token": "wik_grant_fail",
+					"obj_token":  "docx_grant_fail",
+					"obj_type":   "docx",
+					"node_type":  "origin",
+					"title":      "Wiki Fail",
+					"has_child":  false,
+				},
+			},
+			"msg": "success",
+		},
+	})
+
+	reg.Register(&httpmock.Stub{
+		Method: "POST",
+		URL:    "/open-apis/drive/v1/permissions/wik_grant_fail/members",
+		Body: map[string]interface{}{
+			"code": 230001,
+			"msg":  "no permission",
+		},
+	})
+
+	err := mountAndRunWiki(t, WikiNodeCreate, []string{
+		"+node-create",
+		"--space-id", "space_123",
+		"--title", "Wiki Fail",
+		"--as", "bot",
+	}, factory, stdout)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("mountAndRunWiki() error = %v", err)
+	}
+
+	data := decodeWikiEnvelope(t, stdout)
+	grant, _ := data["permission_grant"].(map[string]interface{})
+	if grant["status"] != common.PermissionGrantFailed {
+		t.Fatalf("permission_grant.status = %#v, want %q", grant["status"], common.PermissionGrantFailed)
+	}
+	if hint, ok := grant["hint"].(string); !ok || !strings.Contains(hint, "Retry later") {
+		t.Fatalf("hint = %#v, want string containing 'Retry later'", grant["hint"])
+	}
+}
+
 func TestWikiNodeCreateUserSkipsPermissionGrantAugmentation(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", t.TempDir())
 

sidecar/server-demo/README.md

@@ -195,3 +195,9 @@ its identity flipped (bot↔user) or its auth-header redirected (e.g. into
 | `allowlist.go` | Target host / identity allowlists |
 | `audit.go` | Log path/error sanitization |
 | `handler_test.go` | Unit tests for all of the above |
+
+## See also
+
+- [server-multi-tenant-demo](../server-multi-tenant-demo/) — extends this demo
+  with per-client HMAC key isolation, OAuth device-flow login, and persistent
+  client → user mapping for multi-tenant deployments

sidecar/server-multi-tenant-demo/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,281 @@
+# Multi-Tenant Sidecar Server Demo
+
+> ⚠️ **This is a demo.** For production deployment, implement your own sidecar
+> server conforming to the wire protocol in `github.com/larksuite/cli/sidecar`.
+
+## Problem
+
+Organizations often manage **multiple Lark/Feishu apps** (e.g. one per
+department, one per product line), each with its own `app_id` and `app_secret`.
+These credentials must never be exposed to end-user environments (CI runners,
+developer sandboxes, containerized workspaces). At the same time, when multiple
+users share the same sidecar infrastructure, their Feishu identities must be
+strictly isolated — user A must never accidentally operate as user B.
+
+The single-tenant [server-demo](../server-demo/) solves the credential-hiding
+problem for **one app with one user**. This multi-tenant demo extends it to
+support:
+
+1. **Multiple apps** — run one sidecar instance per app; each instance holds
+   its own `app_id` / `app_secret` and listens on a separate port. Clients
+   choose which app to use by pointing `LARKSUITE_CLI_AUTH_PROXY` to the
+   corresponding port.
+2. **Per-client identity isolation** — each client environment gets a unique
+   HMAC key. The sidecar identifies request origin by matching the HMAC
+   signature and injects the correct user's token. No fallback to other
+   users' tokens.
+3. **Self-service user login** — management endpoints let each client initiate
+   an OAuth device-flow login to bind their own Feishu identity, without
+   exposing `app_secret` to the client.
+
+## Typical deployment
+
+```text
+                    Trusted Host
+    ┌──────────────────────────────────────────────┐
+    │  sidecar instance A (port 16384)             │
+    │    app_id=cli_aaa  app_secret=***            │
+    │    keys/proxy.key  keys/alice.key  keys/bob… │
+    │                                              │
+    │  sidecar instance B (port 16385)             │
+    │    app_id=cli_bbb  app_secret=***            │
+    │    keys/proxy.key  keys/charlie.key  ...     │
+    └─────────────┬────────────────────────────────┘
+                  │ same machine (loopback / docker bridge)
+    ┌─────────────┴────────────────────────────────┐
+    │  Client sandbox (container / CI runner)       │
+    │                                              │
+    │  LARKSUITE_CLI_AUTH_PROXY=http://host:16384   │
+    │  LARKSUITE_CLI_PROXY_KEY=<contents of         │
+    │                           alice.key>          │
+    │  LARKSUITE_CLI_APP_ID=cli_aaa                │
+    │  LARKSUITE_CLI_BRAND=feishu                  │
+    │                                              │
+    │  $ lark api GET /open-apis/... --as user     │
+    │    → sidecar matches alice.key               │
+    │    → injects alice's Feishu user token       │
+    └──────────────────────────────────────────────┘
+```
+
+**Key points:**
+
+- `app_id` and `app_secret` live only on the trusted host — clients only
+  know `app_id` (needed for the CLI's credential pipeline) and their own
+  HMAC key.
+- Each sidecar instance binds one app. Multiple apps = multiple instances
+  on different ports.
+- Clients select which app to use by choosing which sidecar port to connect
+  to (via `LARKSUITE_CLI_AUTH_PROXY`).
+
+## Architecture
+
+```text
+┌──────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
+│                    Sidecar Server                     │
+│                                                      │
+│  ┌─────────────┐  ┌──────────────────────────────┐  │
+│  │ Shared Key   │  │ Per-Client Keys              │  │
+│  │ (proxy.key)  │  │ alice.key, bob.key, ...      │  │
+│  └──────┬──────┘  └──────────────┬───────────────┘  │
+│         │ management plane       │ data plane        │
+│         ▼                        ▼                   │
+│  ┌─────────────┐  ┌──────────────────────────────┐  │
+│  │ Auth Bridge  │  │ Proxy Handler                │  │
+│  │ login/poll/  │  │ HMAC verify → identify       │  │
+│  │ status       │  │ client → inject user token   │  │
+│  └─────────────┘  └──────────────────────────────┘  │
+└──────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
+```
+
+**Dual-key design:**
+- **Management plane** (login flow): all clients use the shared `proxy.key`.
+  This allows any client to initiate login and query status without needing
+  individual key files pre-provisioned.
+- **Data plane** (API proxy): each client uses its own `{name}.key` for HMAC
+  signing. The sidecar identifies the client by matching which key verifies
+  the request signature, then injects that client's bound user token.
+
+## Build
+
+```bash
+go build -tags authsidecar_multi_tenant_demo \
+  -o sidecar-multi-tenant-demo \
+  ./sidecar/server-multi-tenant-demo/
+```
+
+## Server setup
+
+### 1. Configure the Lark app (trusted side only)
+
+```bash
+lark-cli config init --new   # set app_id / app_secret
+```
+
+### 2. Prepare the keys directory
+
+```text
+keys/
+├── proxy.key          # shared key (auto-generated on first run)
+├── alice.key          # client "alice" — generate with: openssl rand -hex 32 > alice.key
+├── bob.key            # client "bob"
+└── charlie.key        # client "charlie"
+```
+
+- Each file contains a 64-character hex string (32 bytes).
+- Filename stem (without `.key`) becomes the client identity.
+- `proxy.key` is excluded from client key scanning.
+- Keys are auto-rescanned on cache miss — add a new `.key` file and the next
+  unrecognized request will trigger a rescan; no restart needed.
+- Duplicate key values and shared-key collisions are rejected with a warning.
+
+### 3. Start the server
+
+```bash
+./sidecar-multi-tenant-demo \
+  --listen 127.0.0.1:16384 \
+  --key-file /path/to/keys/proxy.key \
+  --keys-dir /path/to/keys/ \
+  --log-file /path/to/audit.log
+```
+
+| Flag | Default | Purpose |
+| --- | --- | --- |
+| `--listen` | `127.0.0.1:16384` | Address to bind the HTTP listener |
+| `--key-file` | `~/.lark-sidecar/proxy.key` | Shared HMAC key path (created if absent) |
+| `--keys-dir` | *(parent of `--key-file`)* | Directory containing per-client `*.key` files |
+| `--log-file` | *(stderr)* | Audit log output path |
+| `--profile` | *(active profile)* | lark-cli profile name for credential lookup |
+
+## Client setup
+
+**No changes to `lark-cli` itself are required.** The standard sidecar env
+vars are all that's needed — the multi-tenant isolation is entirely
+server-side.
+
+### Required environment variables
+
+```bash
+# Point to the sidecar instance for the desired app
+export LARKSUITE_CLI_AUTH_PROXY="http://127.0.0.1:16384"
+
+# Client-specific HMAC key (data-plane identity)
+export LARKSUITE_CLI_PROXY_KEY="$(cat /path/to/keys/alice.key)"
+
+# Must match the app configured on the sidecar instance
+export LARKSUITE_CLI_APP_ID="cli_xxx"
+
+# feishu or lark
+export LARKSUITE_CLI_BRAND="feishu"
+```
+
+### Multi-app switching (multiple sidecar instances)
+
+When the server operator runs multiple sidecar instances (one per app), clients
+switch between apps by changing `LARKSUITE_CLI_AUTH_PROXY` to point to the
+appropriate port:
+
+```bash
+# App A (e.g. "Marketing" app)
+export LARKSUITE_CLI_AUTH_PROXY="http://127.0.0.1:16384"
+export LARKSUITE_CLI_APP_ID="cli_marketing_app"
+
+# App B (e.g. "Engineering" app)
+export LARKSUITE_CLI_AUTH_PROXY="http://127.0.0.1:16385"
+export LARKSUITE_CLI_APP_ID="cli_engineering_app"
+```
+
+A client-side helper script can present these as a menu (e.g. "Select
+company"), reading from a local config file that maps app names to ports.
+The sidecar itself does not implement app selection — it is one instance per
+app by design.
+
+### User login flow
+
+Once the env vars are set, the client authenticates via the management
+endpoints. A helper script (or manual `curl`) calls:
+
+1. **Login**: `POST /_sidecar/auth/login` with `{"client_id": "alice"}` →
+   returns a device code and verification URL.
+2. **User opens the URL in a browser** and authorizes the app.
+3. **Poll**: `POST /_sidecar/auth/poll` with `{"device_code": "...", "client_id": "alice"}` →
+   blocks until authorization completes.
+4. **Status**: `POST /_sidecar/auth/status` with `{"client_id": "alice"}` →
+   returns the bound user name and token status.
+
+All management requests are signed with the **shared `proxy.key`** (not the
+client-specific key). The `client_id` in the body tells the sidecar which
+client→user mapping to update.
+
+After login, `lark-cli` commands (`lark api ...`, `lark doc ...`, etc.) work
+immediately — the sidecar injects the correct user token based on the
+client's HMAC key, with no additional configuration needed.
+
+### Example: end-to-end workflow
+
+```bash
+# 1. Server operator generates a key for a new client
+openssl rand -hex 32 > /path/to/keys/alice.key
+
+# 2. Client environment is configured (e.g. in .bashrc or container init)
+export LARKSUITE_CLI_AUTH_PROXY="http://host.docker.internal:16384"
+export LARKSUITE_CLI_PROXY_KEY="$(cat /path/to/keys/alice.key)"
+export LARKSUITE_CLI_APP_ID="cli_xxx"
+export LARKSUITE_CLI_BRAND="feishu"
+
+# 3. Client logs in (one-time)
+#    (using a helper script that calls the management endpoints)
+lark-auth login
+
+# 4. Client uses lark-cli as normal — identity is automatically resolved
+lark api GET /open-apis/authen/v1/user_info --as user
+# → returns alice's Feishu identity, not another user's
+```
+
+## Management endpoints
+
+| Endpoint | Method | Body | Purpose |
+| --- | --- | --- | --- |
+| `/_sidecar/auth/login` | POST | `{"client_id": "...", "domains": [...]}` | Start OAuth device-flow |
+| `/_sidecar/auth/poll` | POST | `{"device_code": "...", "client_id": "..."}` | Poll for completion |
+| `/_sidecar/auth/status` | POST | `{"client_id": "..."}` | Query status and mapping |
+
+All management requests require HMAC signing with the shared `proxy.key`.
+The HMAC covers method, path, timestamp, and body SHA-256 — see
+`verifyManagementHMAC` in `auth_bridge.go` for the canonical string format.
+
+## Design decisions
+
+1. **HMAC key as client identity** — the key is the existing trust anchor.
+   Using it for identification introduces no new trust assumptions and
+   prevents a malicious client from spoofing another client's identity
+   (unlike a header-based approach).
+
+2. **No fallback on unmapped clients** — this is authentication. Silently
+   falling back to another user's token is a security violation. Unmapped
+   clients receive an explicit error prompting them to log in.
+
+3. **One sidecar instance per app** — keeps `app_secret` scoping simple and
+   avoids cross-app token confusion. Multi-app support is achieved by running
+   multiple instances on different ports.
+
+4. **Proxy.key reuse across restarts** — when multiple sidecar instances start
+   concurrently, they all write to the same key file. The last writer wins,
+   leaving other instances with stale in-memory keys. Reusing the existing
+   key eliminates this race.
+
+## Source layout
+
+| File | Purpose |
+| --- | --- |
+| `main.go` | Entry point: flag parsing, key loading, server lifecycle |
+| `handler.go` | `proxyHandler.ServeHTTP` — multi-key HMAC verification and request forwarding |
+| `auth_bridge.go` | Management endpoints: login, poll, status, user mapping persistence |
+| `forward.go` | Forwarding HTTP client + proxy-header filter |
+| `allowlist.go` | Target host / identity allowlists |
+| `audit.go` | Log path/error sanitization |
+| `handler_test.go` | Unit tests |
+
+## See also
+
+- [server-demo](../server-demo/) — single-tenant minimal implementation
+- [`sidecar` package](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/larksuite/cli/sidecar) — wire protocol

sidecar/server-multi-tenant-demo/allowlist.go

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+//go:build authsidecar_multi_tenant_demo
+
+package main
+
+import (
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/sidecar"
+)
+
+// buildAllowedHosts extracts the set of allowed target hostnames from
+// multiple brand endpoints so the sidecar can serve both feishu and lark clients.
+func buildAllowedHosts(endpoints ...core.Endpoints) map[string]bool {
+	hosts := make(map[string]bool)
+	for _, ep := range endpoints {
+		for _, u := range []string{ep.Open, ep.Accounts, ep.MCP} {
+			if idx := strings.Index(u, "://"); idx >= 0 {
+				hosts[u[idx+3:]] = true
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return hosts
+}
+
+// buildAllowedIdentities returns the set of identities the sidecar is allowed to serve,
+// based on the trusted-side strict mode / SupportedIdentities configuration.
+func buildAllowedIdentities(cfg *core.CliConfig) map[string]bool {
+	ids := make(map[string]bool)
+	switch {
+	case cfg.SupportedIdentities == 0: // unknown/unset → allow both
+		ids[sidecar.IdentityUser] = true
+		ids[sidecar.IdentityBot] = true
+	case cfg.SupportedIdentities&1 != 0: // SupportsUser bit
+		ids[sidecar.IdentityUser] = true
+	}
+	if cfg.SupportedIdentities == 0 || cfg.SupportedIdentities&2 != 0 { // SupportsBot bit
+		ids[sidecar.IdentityBot] = true
+	}
+	return ids
+}

sidecar/server-multi-tenant-demo/audit.go

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+//go:build authsidecar_multi_tenant_demo
+
+package main
+
+import "strings"
+
+// sanitizePath strips query parameters and replaces ID-like path segments
+// with ":id" to prevent document tokens, chat IDs, etc. from leaking into logs.
+// Example: /open-apis/docx/v1/documents/doxcnXXXX/blocks → /open-apis/docx/v1/documents/:id/blocks
+func sanitizePath(pathAndQuery string) string {
+	// Strip query
+	path := pathAndQuery
+	if i := strings.IndexByte(path, '?'); i >= 0 {
+		path = path[:i]
+	}
+	// Replace ID-like segments (8+ chars, not a pure API keyword)
+	parts := strings.Split(path, "/")
+	for i, p := range parts {
+		if looksLikeID(p) {
+			parts[i] = ":id"
+		}
+	}
+	return strings.Join(parts, "/")
+}
+
+// looksLikeID returns true if a path segment appears to be a resource identifier
+// rather than an API route keyword. Heuristic: 8+ chars and contains a digit.
+func looksLikeID(seg string) bool {
+	if len(seg) < 8 {
+		return false
+	}
+	for _, c := range seg {
+		if c >= '0' && c <= '9' {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+// sanitizeError returns a safe error string for logging, capped at 200 bytes
+// to avoid dumping upstream response bodies into audit logs.
+func sanitizeError(err error) string {
+	s := err.Error()
+	if len(s) > 200 {
+		return s[:200] + "..."
+	}
+	return s
+}

sidecar/server-multi-tenant-demo/auth_bridge.go

@@ -0,0 +1,530 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+//go:build authsidecar_multi_tenant_demo
+
+package main
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"crypto/hmac"
+	"crypto/sha256"
+	"encoding/hex"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"log"
+	"math"
+	"net/http"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+
+	larkauth "github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/auth"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/credential"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/vfs"
+)
+
+// authBridge handles /_sidecar/auth/* management endpoints.
+// Supports multi-user token isolation: each client environment gets its own
+// Feishu identity via a clientName → feishuOpenId mapping.
+//
+// Identity chain:  PROXY_KEY → clientName → feishuOpenId → keychain token
+type authBridge struct {
+	key       []byte
+	appID     string
+	appSecret string
+	brand     core.LarkBrand
+	cred      *credential.CredentialProvider
+	logger    *log.Logger
+	httpCl    *http.Client
+
+	mu           sync.Mutex
+	pendingPolls map[string]context.CancelFunc
+
+	// clientName → feishuOpenId (protected by mu)
+	userMap map[string]string
+	mapFile string
+}
+
+func newAuthBridge(key []byte, appID, appSecret string, brand core.LarkBrand, cred *credential.CredentialProvider, logger *log.Logger) *authBridge {
+	configDir := os.Getenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR")
+	mapFile := ""
+	if configDir != "" {
+		mapFile = filepath.Join(configDir, "client_user_map.json")
+	}
+
+	ab := &authBridge{
+		key:          key,
+		appID:        appID,
+		appSecret:    appSecret,
+		brand:        brand,
+		cred:         cred,
+		logger:       logger,
+		httpCl:       &http.Client{Timeout: 30 * time.Second},
+		pendingPolls: make(map[string]context.CancelFunc),
+		userMap:      make(map[string]string),
+		mapFile:      mapFile,
+	}
+	ab.loadUserMap()
+	return ab
+}
+
+func (ab *authBridge) loadUserMap() {
+	if ab.mapFile == "" {
+		return
+	}
+	data, err := vfs.ReadFile(ab.mapFile)
+	if err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+	var m map[string]string
+	if json.Unmarshal(data, &m) == nil && m != nil {
+		ab.userMap = m
+	}
+}
+
+func (ab *authBridge) saveUserMap() {
+	if ab.mapFile == "" {
+		return
+	}
+	data, err := json.MarshalIndent(ab.userMap, "", "  ")
+	if err != nil {
+		ab.logger.Printf("AUTH_BRIDGE_ERROR action=save_user_map error=%q", err.Error())
+		return
+	}
+	if err := vfs.WriteFile(ab.mapFile, data, 0600); err != nil {
+		ab.logger.Printf("AUTH_BRIDGE_ERROR action=save_user_map error=%q", err.Error())
+	}
+}
+
+// verifyManagementHMAC checks a simplified HMAC for management endpoints.
+// Canonical string: "sidecar-mgmt\n<method>\n<path>\n<timestamp>\n<body_sha256>"
+func (ab *authBridge) verifyManagementHMAC(r *http.Request, body []byte) error {
+	ts := r.Header.Get("X-Sidecar-Timestamp")
+	sig := r.Header.Get("X-Sidecar-Signature")
+	bodySha := r.Header.Get("X-Sidecar-Body-SHA256")
+
+	if ts == "" || sig == "" || bodySha == "" {
+		return fmt.Errorf("missing required headers")
+	}
+
+	tsVal, err := strconv.ParseInt(ts, 10, 64)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("invalid timestamp")
+	}
+	drift := math.Abs(float64(time.Now().Unix() - tsVal))
+	if drift > 60 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("timestamp drift %.0fs exceeds limit", drift)
+	}
+
+	actualSha := sha256Hex(body)
+	if bodySha != actualSha {
+		return fmt.Errorf("body SHA256 mismatch")
+	}
+
+	canonical := "sidecar-mgmt\n" + r.Method + "\n" + r.URL.Path + "\n" + ts + "\n" + bodySha
+	mac := hmac.New(sha256.New, ab.key)
+	mac.Write([]byte(canonical))
+	expected := hex.EncodeToString(mac.Sum(nil))
+
+	if !hmac.Equal([]byte(expected), []byte(sig)) {
+		return fmt.Errorf("HMAC signature mismatch")
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func sha256Hex(data []byte) string {
+	h := sha256.Sum256(data)
+	return hex.EncodeToString(h[:])
+}
+
+// ServeHTTP routes management API requests.
+func (ab *authBridge) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	body, err := io.ReadAll(io.LimitReader(r.Body, 64*1024))
+	if err != nil {
+		jsonError(w, http.StatusBadRequest, "failed to read body")
+		return
+	}
+	r.Body.Close()
+
+	if err := ab.verifyManagementHMAC(r, body); err != nil {
+		jsonError(w, http.StatusUnauthorized, "HMAC verification failed: "+err.Error())
+		ab.logger.Printf("AUTH_BRIDGE_REJECT path=%s reason=%q", r.URL.Path, err.Error())
+		return
+	}
+
+	switch r.URL.Path {
+	case "/_sidecar/auth/login":
+		ab.handleLogin(w, r, body)
+	case "/_sidecar/auth/poll":
+		ab.handlePoll(w, r, body)
+	case "/_sidecar/auth/status":
+		ab.handleStatus(w, r, body)
+	default:
+		jsonError(w, http.StatusNotFound, "unknown management endpoint")
+	}
+}
+
+// parseClientID extracts the client identifier from a JSON body.
+func parseClientID(body []byte) string {
+	var raw struct {
+		ClientID string `json:"client_id"`
+	}
+	if len(body) > 0 {
+		_ = json.Unmarshal(body, &raw)
+	}
+	return raw.ClientID
+}
+
+// handleLogin initiates a device-flow OAuth login.
+func (ab *authBridge) handleLogin(w http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request, body []byte) {
+	var req struct {
+		Scope   string   `json:"scope"`
+		Domains []string `json:"domains"`
+	}
+	if len(body) > 0 {
+		_ = json.Unmarshal(body, &req)
+	}
+	clientID := parseClientID(body)
+
+	scope := req.Scope
+	if scope == "" {
+		scope = loadCachedScopes()
+	}
+	if scope == "" {
+		scope = "offline_access"
+	}
+
+	ab.logger.Printf("AUTH_BRIDGE_LOGIN_SCOPE scope_count=%d domains=%v client=%s",
+		len(strings.Fields(scope)), req.Domains, clientID)
+
+	authResp, err := larkauth.RequestDeviceAuthorization(
+		ab.httpCl, ab.appID, ab.appSecret, ab.brand, scope, io.Discard,
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		jsonError(w, http.StatusBadGateway, "device authorization failed: "+err.Error())
+		ab.logger.Printf("AUTH_BRIDGE_ERROR action=login error=%q", err.Error())
+		return
+	}
+
+	ab.logger.Printf("AUTH_BRIDGE_LOGIN device_code_prefix=%s expires_in=%d",
+		truncate(authResp.DeviceCode, 12), authResp.ExpiresIn)
+
+	resp := map[string]interface{}{
+		"ok":               true,
+		"verification_url": authResp.VerificationUriComplete,
+		"user_code":        authResp.UserCode,
+		"device_code":      authResp.DeviceCode,
+		"expires_in":       authResp.ExpiresIn,
+		"interval":         authResp.Interval,
+	}
+	jsonOK(w, resp)
+}
+
+// handlePoll polls the device-flow token endpoint.
+// Binds the resulting feishu identity to the client on success.
+func (ab *authBridge) handlePoll(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, body []byte) {
+	var req struct {
+		DeviceCode string `json:"device_code"`
+	}
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(body, &req); err != nil || req.DeviceCode == "" {
+		jsonError(w, http.StatusBadRequest, "device_code is required")
+		return
+	}
+	clientID := parseClientID(body)
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(r.Context(), 10*time.Minute)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	ab.mu.Lock()
+	if oldCancel, ok := ab.pendingPolls[req.DeviceCode]; ok {
+		oldCancel()
+	}
+	ab.pendingPolls[req.DeviceCode] = cancel
+	ab.mu.Unlock()
+
+	defer func() {
+		ab.mu.Lock()
+		delete(ab.pendingPolls, req.DeviceCode)
+		ab.mu.Unlock()
+	}()
+
+	result := larkauth.PollDeviceToken(
+		ctx, ab.httpCl, ab.appID, ab.appSecret, ab.brand,
+		req.DeviceCode, 5, 600, io.Discard,
+	)
+
+	if !result.OK {
+		resp := map[string]interface{}{
+			"ok":    false,
+			"error": result.Error,
+			"msg":   result.Message,
+		}
+		jsonOK(w, resp)
+		ab.logger.Printf("AUTH_BRIDGE_POLL_FAIL device_code_prefix=%s error=%q",
+			truncate(req.DeviceCode, 12), result.Message)
+		return
+	}
+
+	if result.Token == nil {
+		jsonError(w, http.StatusInternalServerError, "token response was nil")
+		return
+	}
+
+	now := time.Now().UnixMilli()
+	storedToken := &larkauth.StoredUAToken{
+		AppId:            ab.appID,
+		AccessToken:      result.Token.AccessToken,
+		RefreshToken:     result.Token.RefreshToken,
+		ExpiresAt:        now + int64(result.Token.ExpiresIn)*1000,
+		RefreshExpiresAt: now + int64(result.Token.RefreshExpiresIn)*1000,
+		Scope:            result.Token.Scope,
+		GrantedAt:        now,
+	}
+
+	ep := core.ResolveEndpoints(ab.brand)
+	openID, userName, err := fetchUserInfoDirect(ab.httpCl, ep.Open, result.Token.AccessToken)
+	if err != nil {
+		ab.logger.Printf("AUTH_BRIDGE_WARN action=user_info error=%q", err.Error())
+		jsonError(w, http.StatusBadGateway, "login succeeded but failed to get user info: "+err.Error())
+		return
+	}
+	storedToken.UserOpenId = openID
+
+	if err := larkauth.SetStoredToken(storedToken); err != nil {
+		jsonError(w, http.StatusInternalServerError, "failed to store token: "+err.Error())
+		return
+	}
+
+	if err := addUserToConfig(ab.appID, openID, userName); err != nil {
+		ab.logger.Printf("AUTH_BRIDGE_WARN action=sync_config error=%q", err.Error())
+	}
+
+	if clientID != "" {
+		ab.mu.Lock()
+		ab.userMap[clientID] = openID
+		ab.saveUserMap()
+		ab.mu.Unlock()
+		ab.logger.Printf("AUTH_BRIDGE_MAP client=%s -> feishu=%s (%s)",
+			clientID, openID, userName)
+	}
+
+	ab.logger.Printf("AUTH_BRIDGE_LOGIN_OK user=%s open_id=%s scope_count=%d client=%s",
+		userName, openID, len(strings.Fields(result.Token.Scope)), clientID)
+
+	resp := map[string]interface{}{
+		"ok":        true,
+		"user_name": userName,
+		"open_id":   openID,
+	}
+	jsonOK(w, resp)
+}
+
+// handleStatus returns current auth status.
+// Accepts client_id in body for client-specific mapping.
+func (ab *authBridge) handleStatus(w http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request, body []byte) {
+	clientID := parseClientID(body)
+
+	multi, err := core.LoadMultiAppConfig()
+	if err != nil {
+		jsonError(w, http.StatusInternalServerError, "failed to load config: "+err.Error())
+		return
+	}
+
+	var users []map[string]interface{}
+	for _, app := range multi.Apps {
+		if app.AppId != ab.appID {
+			continue
+		}
+		for _, u := range app.Users {
+			stored := larkauth.GetStoredToken(ab.appID, u.UserOpenId)
+			status := "unknown"
+			if stored != nil {
+				status = larkauth.TokenStatus(stored)
+			}
+			users = append(users, map[string]interface{}{
+				"user_name":    u.UserName,
+				"user_open_id": u.UserOpenId,
+				"token_status": status,
+			})
+		}
+	}
+
+	resp := map[string]interface{}{
+		"ok":    true,
+		"users": users,
+	}
+
+	if clientID != "" {
+		ab.mu.Lock()
+		mappedOpenID := ab.userMap[clientID]
+		ab.mu.Unlock()
+
+		resp["client_id"] = clientID
+		resp["mapped_open_id"] = mappedOpenID
+		if mappedOpenID != "" {
+			stored := larkauth.GetStoredToken(ab.appID, mappedOpenID)
+			if stored != nil {
+				resp["mapped_status"] = larkauth.TokenStatus(stored)
+				for _, u := range users {
+					if u["user_open_id"] == mappedOpenID {
+						resp["mapped_user_name"] = u["user_name"]
+						break
+					}
+				}
+			} else {
+				resp["mapped_status"] = "no_token"
+			}
+		} else {
+			resp["mapped_status"] = "not_mapped"
+		}
+	}
+
+	jsonOK(w, resp)
+}
+
+// resolveUserTokenByClient resolves a UAT for a specific client environment.
+// Returns an error if the client has no user mapping — the user must
+// run the login flow first. No fallback to other users' tokens.
+func (ab *authBridge) resolveUserTokenByClient(clientName string) (string, error) {
+	ab.mu.Lock()
+	openID := ab.userMap[clientName]
+	ab.mu.Unlock()
+
+	if openID == "" {
+		ab.logger.Printf("AUTH_BRIDGE_REJECT_NO_MAPPING client=%s", clientName)
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("client %q has no user mapping; run the login flow to authorize", clientName)
+	}
+
+	ab.logger.Printf("AUTH_BRIDGE_RESOLVE client=%s feishu=%s", clientName, openID)
+
+	opts := larkauth.UATCallOptions{
+		UserOpenId: openID,
+		AppId:      ab.appID,
+		AppSecret:  ab.appSecret,
+		Domain:     ab.brand,
+	}
+	token, err := larkauth.GetValidAccessToken(ab.httpCl, opts)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to resolve token for user %s: %v", openID, err)
+	}
+	return token, nil
+}
+
+func addUserToConfig(appID, openID, userName string) error {
+	multi, err := core.LoadMultiAppConfig()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	for i := range multi.Apps {
+		if multi.Apps[i].AppId != appID {
+			continue
+		}
+		found := false
+		for j := range multi.Apps[i].Users {
+			if multi.Apps[i].Users[j].UserOpenId == openID {
+				multi.Apps[i].Users[j].UserName = userName
+				found = true
+				break
+			}
+		}
+		if !found {
+			multi.Apps[i].Users = append(multi.Apps[i].Users, core.AppUser{
+				UserOpenId: openID,
+				UserName:   userName,
+			})
+		}
+		return core.SaveMultiAppConfig(multi)
+	}
+	return fmt.Errorf("app %s not found in config", appID)
+}
+
+func fetchUserInfoDirect(client *http.Client, openBase, accessToken string) (openID, name string, err error) {
+	u := openBase + "/open-apis/authen/v1/user_info"
+	req, err := http.NewRequest("GET", u, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", "", err
+	}
+	req.Header.Set("Authorization", "Bearer "+accessToken)
+
+	resp, err := client.Do(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", "", err
+	}
+	defer resp.Body.Close()
+
+	respBody, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", "", err
+	}
+
+	var result struct {
+		Code int `json:"code"`
+		Data struct {
+			OpenID string `json:"open_id"`
+			Name   string `json:"name"`
+		} `json:"data"`
+		Msg string `json:"msg"`
+	}
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(respBody, &result); err != nil {
+		return "", "", fmt.Errorf("parse user_info response: %w", err)
+	}
+	if result.Code != 0 {
+		return "", "", fmt.Errorf("user_info API error: [%d] %s", result.Code, result.Msg)
+	}
+	return result.Data.OpenID, result.Data.Name, nil
+}
+
+func jsonOK(w http.ResponseWriter, data interface{}) {
+	w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+	json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(data)
+}
+
+func jsonError(w http.ResponseWriter, code int, msg string) {
+	w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+	w.WriteHeader(code)
+	json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(map[string]interface{}{
+		"ok":    false,
+		"error": msg,
+	})
+}
+
+func truncate(s string, n int) string {
+	if len(s) <= n {
+		return s
+	}
+	return s[:n] + "..."
+}
+
+func loadCachedScopes() string {
+	configDir := os.Getenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR")
+	if configDir == "" {
+		return ""
+	}
+	dir := filepath.Join(configDir, "cache", "auth_login_scopes")
+	entries, err := vfs.ReadDir(dir)
+	if err != nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+	for _, e := range entries {
+		if e.IsDir() || !strings.HasSuffix(e.Name(), ".json") {
+			continue
+		}
+		data, err := vfs.ReadFile(filepath.Join(dir, e.Name()))
+		if err != nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		var doc struct {
+			RequestedScope string `json:"requested_scope"`
+		}
+		if json.Unmarshal(data, &doc) == nil && doc.RequestedScope != "" {
+			return doc.RequestedScope
+		}
+	}
+	return ""
+}

sidecar/server-multi-tenant-demo/forward.go

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+//go:build authsidecar_multi_tenant_demo
+
+package main
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"net/http"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/sidecar"
+)
+
+// newForwardClient creates an HTTP client for forwarding requests to the
+// Lark API. It strips Authorization on cross-host redirects and disables
+// proxy to prevent real tokens from leaking through environment proxies.
+func newForwardClient() *http.Client {
+	transport := http.DefaultTransport.(*http.Transport).Clone()
+	transport.Proxy = nil // never proxy the trusted hop
+	return &http.Client{
+		Transport: transport,
+		Timeout:   30 * time.Second,
+		CheckRedirect: func(req *http.Request, via []*http.Request) error {
+			if len(via) >= 10 {
+				return fmt.Errorf("too many redirects")
+			}
+			if len(via) > 0 && req.URL.Host != via[0].URL.Host {
+				req.Header.Del("Authorization")
+				req.Header.Del(sidecar.HeaderMCPUAT)
+				req.Header.Del(sidecar.HeaderMCPTAT)
+			}
+			return nil
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+// isProxyHeader returns true for headers specific to the sidecar protocol.
+func isProxyHeader(key string) bool {
+	switch http.CanonicalHeaderKey(key) {
+	case http.CanonicalHeaderKey(sidecar.HeaderProxyTarget),
+		http.CanonicalHeaderKey(sidecar.HeaderProxyIdentity),
+		http.CanonicalHeaderKey(sidecar.HeaderProxySignature),
+		http.CanonicalHeaderKey(sidecar.HeaderProxyTimestamp),
+		http.CanonicalHeaderKey(sidecar.HeaderBodySHA256),
+		http.CanonicalHeaderKey(sidecar.HeaderProxyAuthHeader):
+		return true
+	}
+	return false
+}

sidecar/server-multi-tenant-demo/handler.go

@@ -0,0 +1,372 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+//go:build authsidecar_multi_tenant_demo
+
+package main
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"log"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/url"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/credential"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/vfs"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/sidecar"
+)
+
+// proxyHandler handles HTTP requests from sandbox CLI instances.
+type proxyHandler struct {
+	key          []byte
+	cred         *credential.CredentialProvider
+	appID        string
+	brand        core.LarkBrand
+	logger       *log.Logger
+	forwardCl    *http.Client
+	allowedHosts map[string]bool // target host allowlist derived from brand
+	allowedIDs   map[string]bool // identity allowlist derived from strict mode
+	authBridge   *authBridge
+
+	// Per-client key isolation: keyHex → clientName.
+	// Data-plane requests are signed with a client-specific key;
+	// the matched key determines which client (and thus which user
+	// token) to use. Protected by ckMu.
+	ckMu       sync.RWMutex
+	clientKeys map[string]clientKeyEntry
+	keysDir    string // directory to scan for *.key files (excluding proxy.key)
+}
+
+type clientKeyEntry struct {
+	key        []byte
+	clientName string
+}
+
+// loadClientKeys scans keysDir for *.key files (excluding the shared
+// proxy.key) and populates the clientKeys map. The filename stem (without
+// .key) becomes the client identity. No naming convention is enforced.
+// Safe to call multiple times (e.g. on cache miss).
+func (h *proxyHandler) loadClientKeys() {
+	if h.keysDir == "" {
+		return
+	}
+	entries, err := vfs.ReadDir(h.keysDir)
+	if err != nil {
+		h.logger.Printf("KEYS_SCAN_ERROR dir=%s error=%q", h.keysDir, err.Error())
+		return
+	}
+
+	sharedKeyHex := string(h.key)
+
+	newKeys := make(map[string]clientKeyEntry)
+	for _, e := range entries {
+		name := e.Name()
+		if e.IsDir() || !strings.HasSuffix(name, ".key") {
+			continue
+		}
+		clientName := strings.TrimSuffix(name, ".key")
+		if clientName == "" || clientName == "proxy" {
+			continue
+		}
+		data, err := vfs.ReadFile(filepath.Join(h.keysDir, name))
+		if err != nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		keyHex := strings.TrimSpace(string(data))
+		if len(keyHex) != 64 {
+			h.logger.Printf("KEYS_SCAN_SKIP file=%s reason=\"key length %d, expected 64\"", name, len(keyHex))
+			continue
+		}
+		if keyHex == sharedKeyHex {
+			h.logger.Printf("KEYS_SCAN_SKIP file=%s reason=\"collides with shared proxy key\"", name)
+			continue
+		}
+		if existing, ok := newKeys[keyHex]; ok {
+			h.logger.Printf("KEYS_SCAN_SKIP file=%s reason=\"duplicate key, already loaded for client %s\"", name, existing.clientName)
+			continue
+		}
+		newKeys[keyHex] = clientKeyEntry{key: []byte(keyHex), clientName: clientName}
+	}
+
+	h.ckMu.Lock()
+	h.clientKeys = newKeys
+	h.ckMu.Unlock()
+
+	if len(newKeys) > 0 {
+		names := make([]string, 0, len(newKeys))
+		for _, e := range newKeys {
+			names = append(names, e.clientName)
+		}
+		h.logger.Printf("KEYS_LOADED count=%d clients=%v", len(newKeys), names)
+	}
+}
+
+// verifyWithClientKeys tries each client key to verify the HMAC.
+// Returns the client name on success, or empty string + error if none match.
+func (h *proxyHandler) verifyWithClientKeys(cr sidecar.CanonicalRequest, signature string) (string, error) {
+	h.ckMu.RLock()
+	keys := h.clientKeys
+	h.ckMu.RUnlock()
+
+	for _, entry := range keys {
+		if err := sidecar.Verify(entry.key, cr, signature); err == nil {
+			return entry.clientName, nil
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Cache miss: rescan keys directory and retry once
+	h.loadClientKeys()
+
+	h.ckMu.RLock()
+	keys = h.clientKeys
+	h.ckMu.RUnlock()
+
+	for _, entry := range keys {
+		if err := sidecar.Verify(entry.key, cr, signature); err == nil {
+			return entry.clientName, nil
+		}
+	}
+
+	return "", fmt.Errorf("no client key matched")
+}
+
+// allowedAuthHeaders lists the only header names the sidecar will inject real
+// tokens into.
+var allowedAuthHeaders = map[string]bool{
+	"Authorization":      true,
+	sidecar.HeaderMCPUAT: true,
+	sidecar.HeaderMCPTAT: true,
+}
+
+func (h *proxyHandler) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	// Route management endpoints to authBridge (different HMAC scheme)
+	if len(r.URL.Path) > 10 && r.URL.Path[:10] == "/_sidecar/" {
+		if h.authBridge != nil {
+			h.authBridge.ServeHTTP(w, r)
+		} else {
+			http.Error(w, "auth bridge not configured", http.StatusNotImplemented)
+		}
+		return
+	}
+
+	start := time.Now()
+
+	// 0. Check protocol version
+	version := r.Header.Get(sidecar.HeaderProxyVersion)
+	if version != sidecar.ProtocolV1 {
+		http.Error(w, "unsupported "+sidecar.HeaderProxyVersion+": "+version, http.StatusBadRequest)
+		return
+	}
+
+	// 1. Verify timestamp
+	ts := r.Header.Get(sidecar.HeaderProxyTimestamp)
+	if ts == "" {
+		http.Error(w, "missing "+sidecar.HeaderProxyTimestamp, http.StatusBadRequest)
+		return
+	}
+
+	// 2. Read body and verify SHA256
+	body, err := io.ReadAll(r.Body)
+	if err != nil {
+		http.Error(w, "failed to read request body", http.StatusBadRequest)
+		return
+	}
+	r.Body.Close()
+
+	claimedSHA := r.Header.Get(sidecar.HeaderBodySHA256)
+	if claimedSHA == "" {
+		http.Error(w, "missing "+sidecar.HeaderBodySHA256, http.StatusBadRequest)
+		return
+	}
+	actualSHA := sidecar.BodySHA256(body)
+	if claimedSHA != actualSHA {
+		http.Error(w, "body SHA256 mismatch", http.StatusBadRequest)
+		return
+	}
+
+	// 3. Verify HMAC signature
+	target := r.Header.Get(sidecar.HeaderProxyTarget)
+	if target == "" {
+		http.Error(w, "missing "+sidecar.HeaderProxyTarget, http.StatusBadRequest)
+		return
+	}
+
+	pathAndQuery := r.URL.RequestURI()
+	targetHost, err := parseTarget(target)
+	if err != nil {
+		http.Error(w, "invalid "+sidecar.HeaderProxyTarget+": "+err.Error(), http.StatusForbidden)
+		h.logger.Printf("REJECT method=%s path=%s reason=%q", r.Method, sanitizePath(pathAndQuery), sanitizeError(err))
+		return
+	}
+
+	identity := r.Header.Get(sidecar.HeaderProxyIdentity)
+	if identity == "" {
+		http.Error(w, "missing "+sidecar.HeaderProxyIdentity, http.StatusBadRequest)
+		return
+	}
+	authHeader := r.Header.Get(sidecar.HeaderProxyAuthHeader)
+	if authHeader == "" {
+		http.Error(w, "missing "+sidecar.HeaderProxyAuthHeader, http.StatusBadRequest)
+		return
+	}
+
+	signature := r.Header.Get(sidecar.HeaderProxySignature)
+	cr := sidecar.CanonicalRequest{
+		Version:      version,
+		Method:       r.Method,
+		Host:         targetHost,
+		PathAndQuery: pathAndQuery,
+		BodySHA256:   claimedSHA,
+		Timestamp:    ts,
+		Identity:     identity,
+		AuthHeader:   authHeader,
+	}
+
+	// Try the primary (shared) key first, then per-client keys.
+	// matchedClient is empty when using the shared key.
+	var matchedClient string
+	if err := sidecar.Verify(h.key, cr, signature); err != nil {
+		client, clientErr := h.verifyWithClientKeys(cr, signature)
+		if clientErr != nil {
+			http.Error(w, "HMAC verification failed: "+err.Error(), http.StatusUnauthorized)
+			h.logger.Printf("REJECT method=%s path=%s reason=%q", r.Method, sanitizePath(pathAndQuery), "no key matched")
+			return
+		}
+		matchedClient = client
+	}
+
+	// 4. Validate target host against allowlist
+	if !h.allowedHosts[targetHost] {
+		http.Error(w, "target host not allowed: "+targetHost, http.StatusForbidden)
+		h.logger.Printf("REJECT method=%s path=%s reason=\"target host %s not in allowlist\"", r.Method, sanitizePath(pathAndQuery), targetHost)
+		return
+	}
+
+	// 5. Validate identity
+	if !h.allowedIDs[identity] {
+		http.Error(w, "identity not allowed: "+identity, http.StatusForbidden)
+		h.logger.Printf("REJECT method=%s path=%s reason=\"identity %s not allowed by strict mode\"", r.Method, sanitizePath(pathAndQuery), identity)
+		return
+	}
+
+	// 5.5 Validate auth-header
+	if !allowedAuthHeaders[authHeader] {
+		http.Error(w, "auth-header not allowed: "+authHeader, http.StatusForbidden)
+		h.logger.Printf("REJECT method=%s path=%s reason=\"auth-header %s not in allowlist\"", r.Method, sanitizePath(pathAndQuery), authHeader)
+		return
+	}
+
+	// 6. Resolve real token
+	// UAT (user identity): per-client isolation via matched PROXY_KEY.
+	// TAT (bot identity): shared credential provider (app-level).
+	var resolvedToken string
+	if identity == sidecar.IdentityUser && h.authBridge != nil {
+		token, err := h.authBridge.resolveUserTokenByClient(matchedClient)
+		if err != nil {
+			http.Error(w, "failed to resolve user token: "+err.Error(), http.StatusInternalServerError)
+			h.logger.Printf("TOKEN_ERROR method=%s path=%s identity=%s client=%s error=%q",
+				r.Method, sanitizePath(pathAndQuery), identity, matchedClient, sanitizeError(err))
+			return
+		}
+		resolvedToken = token
+	} else {
+		tokenResult, err := h.cred.ResolveToken(r.Context(), credential.TokenSpec{
+			Type:  credential.TokenTypeTAT,
+			AppID: h.appID,
+		})
+		if err != nil {
+			http.Error(w, "failed to resolve token: "+err.Error(), http.StatusInternalServerError)
+			h.logger.Printf("TOKEN_ERROR method=%s path=%s identity=%s error=%q", r.Method, sanitizePath(pathAndQuery), identity, sanitizeError(err))
+			return
+		}
+		resolvedToken = tokenResult.Token
+	}
+
+	// 7. Build forwarding request
+	forwardURL := "https://" + targetHost + pathAndQuery
+	forwardReq, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(r.Context(), r.Method, forwardURL, bytes.NewReader(body))
+	if err != nil {
+		http.Error(w, "failed to create forward request", http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		return
+	}
+
+	for k, vs := range r.Header {
+		if isProxyHeader(k) {
+			continue
+		}
+		for _, v := range vs {
+			forwardReq.Header.Add(k, v)
+		}
+	}
+
+	forwardReq.Header.Del("Authorization")
+	forwardReq.Header.Del(sidecar.HeaderMCPUAT)
+	forwardReq.Header.Del(sidecar.HeaderMCPTAT)
+
+	// 8. Inject real token
+	if authHeader == "Authorization" {
+		forwardReq.Header.Set("Authorization", "Bearer "+resolvedToken)
+	} else {
+		forwardReq.Header.Set(authHeader, resolvedToken)
+	}
+
+	// 9. Forward request
+	resp, err := h.forwardCl.Do(forwardReq)
+	if err != nil {
+		http.Error(w, "forward request failed: "+err.Error(), http.StatusBadGateway)
+		h.logger.Printf("FORWARD_ERROR method=%s path=%s error=%q", r.Method, sanitizePath(pathAndQuery), sanitizeError(err))
+		return
+	}
+	defer resp.Body.Close()
+
+	// 10. Copy response back
+	for k, vs := range resp.Header {
+		for _, v := range vs {
+			w.Header().Add(k, v)
+		}
+	}
+	w.WriteHeader(resp.StatusCode)
+	io.Copy(w, resp.Body)
+
+	// 11. Audit log
+	clientTag := ""
+	if matchedClient != "" {
+		clientTag = " client=" + matchedClient
+	}
+	h.logger.Printf("FORWARD method=%s path=%s identity=%s status=%d duration=%s%s",
+		r.Method, sanitizePath(pathAndQuery), identity, resp.StatusCode, time.Since(start).Round(time.Millisecond), clientTag)
+}
+
+// parseTarget validates X-Lark-Proxy-Target and returns the host portion.
+func parseTarget(target string) (host string, err error) {
+	u, perr := url.Parse(target)
+	if perr != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("parse: %w", perr)
+	}
+	if u.Scheme != "https" {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("scheme must be https, got %q", u.Scheme)
+	}
+	if u.Host == "" {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("missing host")
+	}
+	if u.User != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("userinfo not allowed")
+	}
+	if u.Path != "" && u.Path != "/" {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("path not allowed (got %q)", u.Path)
+	}
+	if u.RawQuery != "" {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("query not allowed")
+	}
+	if u.Fragment != "" {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("fragment not allowed")
+	}
+	return u.Host, nil
+}

sidecar/server-multi-tenant-demo/handler_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,878 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+//go:build authsidecar_multi_tenant_demo
+
+package main
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"log"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	extcred "github.com/larksuite/cli/extension/credential"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/credential"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/envvars"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/sidecar"
+)
+
+// fakeExtProvider is a stub extcred.Provider for tests that returns a fixed token.
+type fakeExtProvider struct {
+	token string
+}
+
+func (f *fakeExtProvider) Name() string { return "fake" }
+func (f *fakeExtProvider) ResolveAccount(ctx context.Context) (*extcred.Account, error) {
+	return nil, nil
+}
+func (f *fakeExtProvider) ResolveToken(ctx context.Context, req extcred.TokenSpec) (*extcred.Token, error) {
+	return &extcred.Token{Value: f.token, Source: "fake"}, nil
+}
+
+func discardLogger() *log.Logger {
+	return log.New(io.Discard, "", 0)
+}
+
+func newTestHandler(key []byte) *proxyHandler {
+	return &proxyHandler{
+		key:       key,
+		logger:    discardLogger(),
+		forwardCl: &http.Client{},
+		allowedHosts: map[string]bool{
+			"open.feishu.cn":     true,
+			"accounts.feishu.cn": true,
+			"mcp.feishu.cn":      true,
+		},
+		allowedIDs: map[string]bool{
+			sidecar.IdentityUser: true,
+			sidecar.IdentityBot:  true,
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+// signedReq creates a properly signed request for testing handler logic past
+// HMAC verification. Identity defaults to bot and auth-header to
+// "Authorization"; callers can override by mutating the returned request
+// before calling ServeHTTP (and re-signing if they need the signature to
+// remain valid after the mutation).
+func signedReq(t *testing.T, key []byte, method, target, path string, body []byte) *http.Request {
+	t.Helper()
+	targetHost := target
+	if idx := strings.Index(target, "://"); idx >= 0 {
+		targetHost = target[idx+3:]
+	}
+	bodySHA := sidecar.BodySHA256(body)
+	ts := sidecar.Timestamp()
+	identity := sidecar.IdentityBot
+	authHeader := "Authorization"
+	sig := sidecar.Sign(key, sidecar.CanonicalRequest{
+		Version:      sidecar.ProtocolV1,
+		Method:       method,
+		Host:         targetHost,
+		PathAndQuery: path,
+		BodySHA256:   bodySHA,
+		Timestamp:    ts,
+		Identity:     identity,
+		AuthHeader:   authHeader,
+	})
+
+	var bodyReader io.Reader
+	if body != nil {
+		bodyReader = bytes.NewReader(body)
+	}
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(method, path, bodyReader)
+	req.Header.Set(sidecar.HeaderProxyVersion, sidecar.ProtocolV1)
+	req.Header.Set(sidecar.HeaderProxyTarget, target)
+	req.Header.Set(sidecar.HeaderProxyIdentity, identity)
+	req.Header.Set(sidecar.HeaderProxyAuthHeader, authHeader)
+	req.Header.Set(sidecar.HeaderBodySHA256, bodySHA)
+	req.Header.Set(sidecar.HeaderProxyTimestamp, ts)
+	req.Header.Set(sidecar.HeaderProxySignature, sig)
+	return req
+}
+
+// resign recomputes the HMAC signature over the request's current proxy
+// headers. Use this in tests that mutate a signed field (Identity,
+// AuthHeader, Target host, etc.) after calling signedReq.
+func resign(t *testing.T, key []byte, req *http.Request, body []byte) {
+	t.Helper()
+	target := req.Header.Get(sidecar.HeaderProxyTarget)
+	targetHost := target
+	if idx := strings.Index(target, "://"); idx >= 0 {
+		targetHost = target[idx+3:]
+	}
+	sig := sidecar.Sign(key, sidecar.CanonicalRequest{
+		Version:      req.Header.Get(sidecar.HeaderProxyVersion),
+		Method:       req.Method,
+		Host:         targetHost,
+		PathAndQuery: req.URL.RequestURI(),
+		BodySHA256:   sidecar.BodySHA256(body),
+		Timestamp:    req.Header.Get(sidecar.HeaderProxyTimestamp),
+		Identity:     req.Header.Get(sidecar.HeaderProxyIdentity),
+		AuthHeader:   req.Header.Get(sidecar.HeaderProxyAuthHeader),
+	})
+	req.Header.Set(sidecar.HeaderProxySignature, sig)
+}
+
+// TestProxyHandler_UnsupportedVersion verifies the handler rejects requests
+// whose HeaderProxyVersion is absent or set to an unknown value. Kept in
+// front so an old client paired with a newer server (or vice versa) surfaces
+// a clear 400 instead of a misleading HMAC mismatch downstream.
+func TestProxyHandler_UnsupportedVersion(t *testing.T) {
+	h := newTestHandler([]byte("key"))
+	for _, v := range []string{"", "v0", "v2"} {
+		req := httptest.NewRequest("GET", "/path", nil)
+		if v != "" {
+			req.Header.Set(sidecar.HeaderProxyVersion, v)
+		}
+		w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+		h.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+		if w.Code != http.StatusBadRequest {
+			t.Errorf("version=%q: expected 400, got %d", v, w.Code)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestProxyHandler_MissingTimestamp(t *testing.T) {
+	h := newTestHandler([]byte("key"))
+	req := httptest.NewRequest("GET", "/path", nil)
+	req.Header.Set(sidecar.HeaderProxyVersion, sidecar.ProtocolV1)
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	h.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+	if w.Code != http.StatusBadRequest {
+		t.Errorf("expected 400, got %d", w.Code)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestProxyHandler_MissingBodySHA(t *testing.T) {
+	h := newTestHandler([]byte("key"))
+	req := httptest.NewRequest("GET", "/path", nil)
+	req.Header.Set(sidecar.HeaderProxyVersion, sidecar.ProtocolV1)
+	req.Header.Set(sidecar.HeaderProxyTimestamp, sidecar.Timestamp())
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	h.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+	if w.Code != http.StatusBadRequest {
+		t.Errorf("expected 400, got %d", w.Code)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestProxyHandler_BadHMAC(t *testing.T) {
+	h := newTestHandler([]byte("real-key"))
+
+	bodySHA := sidecar.BodySHA256(nil)
+	ts := sidecar.Timestamp()
+
+	req := httptest.NewRequest("GET", "/path", nil)
+	req.Header.Set(sidecar.HeaderProxyVersion, sidecar.ProtocolV1)
+	req.Header.Set(sidecar.HeaderProxyTarget, "https://open.feishu.cn")
+	req.Header.Set(sidecar.HeaderProxyIdentity, sidecar.IdentityBot)
+	req.Header.Set(sidecar.HeaderProxyAuthHeader, "Authorization")
+	req.Header.Set(sidecar.HeaderProxyTimestamp, ts)
+	req.Header.Set(sidecar.HeaderBodySHA256, bodySHA)
+	req.Header.Set(sidecar.HeaderProxySignature, "bad-signature")
+
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	h.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+	if w.Code != http.StatusUnauthorized {
+		t.Errorf("expected 401, got %d", w.Code)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestProxyHandler_BodySHA256Mismatch(t *testing.T) {
+	h := newTestHandler([]byte("key"))
+
+	req := httptest.NewRequest("POST", "/path", bytes.NewReader([]byte("real body")))
+	req.Header.Set(sidecar.HeaderProxyVersion, sidecar.ProtocolV1)
+	req.Header.Set(sidecar.HeaderProxyTarget, "https://open.feishu.cn")
+	req.Header.Set(sidecar.HeaderProxyTimestamp, sidecar.Timestamp())
+	req.Header.Set(sidecar.HeaderBodySHA256, sidecar.BodySHA256([]byte("different body")))
+	req.Header.Set(sidecar.HeaderProxySignature, "whatever")
+
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	h.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+	if w.Code != http.StatusBadRequest {
+		t.Errorf("expected 400, got %d", w.Code)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestProxyHandler_TargetNotAllowed(t *testing.T) {
+	key := []byte("test-key")
+	h := newTestHandler(key)
+
+	req := signedReq(t, key, "GET", "https://evil.com", "/steal", nil)
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	h.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+	if w.Code != http.StatusForbidden {
+		t.Errorf("expected 403 for disallowed host, got %d", w.Code)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestProxyHandler_IdentityNotAllowed(t *testing.T) {
+	key := []byte("test-key")
+	h := newTestHandler(key)
+	// Restrict to bot only
+	h.allowedIDs = map[string]bool{sidecar.IdentityBot: true}
+
+	req := signedReq(t, key, "GET", "https://open.feishu.cn", "/open-apis/test", nil)
+	req.Header.Set(sidecar.HeaderProxyIdentity, sidecar.IdentityUser)
+	resign(t, key, req, nil) // identity is signed; must re-sign after mutation
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	h.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+	if w.Code != http.StatusForbidden {
+		t.Errorf("expected 403 for disallowed identity, got %d", w.Code)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestParseTarget covers the per-shape rejections directly, without the
+// surrounding HTTP plumbing.
+func TestParseTarget(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := []struct {
+		name    string
+		target  string
+		wantErr bool
+		wantSub string // expected fragment of the error message
+	}{
+		{name: "valid https", target: "https://open.feishu.cn", wantErr: false},
+		{name: "valid https trailing slash", target: "https://open.feishu.cn/", wantErr: false},
+		{name: "http downgrade", target: "http://open.feishu.cn", wantErr: true, wantSub: "scheme must be https"},
+		{name: "missing scheme", target: "open.feishu.cn", wantErr: true, wantSub: "scheme must be https"},
+		{name: "ftp scheme", target: "ftp://open.feishu.cn", wantErr: true, wantSub: "scheme must be https"},
+		{name: "empty", target: "", wantErr: true, wantSub: "scheme must be https"},
+		{name: "empty host", target: "https://", wantErr: true, wantSub: "missing host"},
+		{name: "with path", target: "https://open.feishu.cn/open-apis", wantErr: true, wantSub: "path not allowed"},
+		{name: "with query", target: "https://open.feishu.cn?a=1", wantErr: true, wantSub: "query not allowed"},
+		{name: "with fragment", target: "https://open.feishu.cn#frag", wantErr: true, wantSub: "fragment not allowed"},
+		{name: "with userinfo", target: "https://attacker:pw@open.feishu.cn", wantErr: true, wantSub: "userinfo not allowed"},
+	}
+	for _, tc := range cases {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			host, err := parseTarget(tc.target)
+			if tc.wantErr {
+				if err == nil {
+					t.Fatalf("expected error, got host=%q", host)
+				}
+				if tc.wantSub != "" && !strings.Contains(err.Error(), tc.wantSub) {
+					t.Errorf("error %q should contain %q", err.Error(), tc.wantSub)
+				}
+				return
+			}
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+			}
+			if host != "open.feishu.cn" {
+				t.Errorf("host = %q, want %q", host, "open.feishu.cn")
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// TestProxyHandler_RejectsNonHTTPSTarget verifies end-to-end that a
+// compromised sandbox holding a valid PROXY_KEY cannot coerce the sidecar
+// into forwarding real tokens over cleartext HTTP or to an unexpected path.
+// The check must fire before HMAC verification so that the request is
+// rejected even when the signature is technically valid.
+func TestProxyHandler_RejectsNonHTTPSTarget(t *testing.T) {
+	key := []byte("test-key")
+	h := newTestHandler(key)
+
+	cases := []struct {
+		name   string
+		target string
+	}{
+		{"http downgrade", "http://open.feishu.cn"},
+		{"bare hostname", "open.feishu.cn"},
+		{"ftp scheme", "ftp://open.feishu.cn"},
+		{"target with path", "https://open.feishu.cn/open-apis/evil"},
+		{"target with query", "https://open.feishu.cn?steal=1"},
+		{"target with userinfo", "https://attacker:pw@open.feishu.cn"},
+	}
+	for _, tc := range cases {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			// Sign with a valid key against the malicious target — proves the
+			// scheme/shape check is not bypassed by signature legitimacy.
+			req := signedReq(t, key, "GET", tc.target, "/open-apis/im/v1/chats", nil)
+			w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+			h.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+			if w.Code != http.StatusForbidden {
+				t.Errorf("expected 403 for target %q, got %d (body: %s)", tc.target, w.Code, w.Body.String())
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// TestProxyHandler_RejectsIdentityReplay locks in C1 end-to-end: a captured
+// bot-signed request whose identity header is flipped to user (or vice versa)
+// must be rejected at HMAC verification, not silently served with the wrong
+// token type. Without identity in the canonical string this returns 200.
+func TestProxyHandler_RejectsIdentityReplay(t *testing.T) {
+	key := []byte("test-key")
+	h := newTestHandler(key)
+
+	req := signedReq(t, key, "GET", "https://open.feishu.cn", "/open-apis/test", nil)
+	// Attacker flips identity without touching signature.
+	req.Header.Set(sidecar.HeaderProxyIdentity, sidecar.IdentityUser)
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	h.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+	if w.Code != http.StatusUnauthorized {
+		t.Errorf("identity replay must fail signature verify (got %d, want 401): %s",
+			w.Code, w.Body.String())
+	}
+}
+
+// TestProxyHandler_RejectsAuthHeaderReplay is the companion: flipping
+// X-Lark-Proxy-Auth-Header post-signature must invalidate the signature so
+// an attacker cannot redirect the injected token into an unintended header.
+func TestProxyHandler_RejectsAuthHeaderReplay(t *testing.T) {
+	key := []byte("test-key")
+	h := newTestHandler(key)
+
+	req := signedReq(t, key, "GET", "https://open.feishu.cn", "/open-apis/test", nil)
+	req.Header.Set(sidecar.HeaderProxyAuthHeader, "Cookie")
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	h.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+	if w.Code != http.StatusUnauthorized {
+		t.Errorf("auth-header replay must fail signature verify (got %d, want 401): %s",
+			w.Code, w.Body.String())
+	}
+}
+
+// TestProxyHandler_RejectsAuthHeaderNotInAllowlist pins the auth-header
+// allowlist: even a correctly-signed request must be rejected if it asks
+// the sidecar to inject the real token into an unintended header (e.g.
+// Cookie / User-Agent / X-Forwarded-For). This closes the sidechannel
+// where the real token ends up in headers that Lark ignores for auth but
+// intermediate logs may capture.
+func TestProxyHandler_RejectsAuthHeaderNotInAllowlist(t *testing.T) {
+	key := []byte("test-key")
+	h := newTestHandler(key)
+
+	for _, bad := range []string{"Cookie", "User-Agent", "X-Forwarded-For", "X-Real-IP", "Set-Cookie"} {
+		t.Run(bad, func(t *testing.T) {
+			req := signedReq(t, key, "GET", "https://open.feishu.cn", "/open-apis/test", nil)
+			req.Header.Set(sidecar.HeaderProxyAuthHeader, bad)
+			resign(t, key, req, nil) // auth-header is signed; must re-sign after override
+			w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+			h.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+			if w.Code != http.StatusForbidden {
+				t.Errorf("authHeader=%q: expected 403, got %d (body: %s)",
+					bad, w.Code, w.Body.String())
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// TestProxyHandler_AcceptsAllowedAuthHeaders confirms the three protocol
+// header names remain accepted after the allowlist is enforced. A local
+// TLS test server stands in for the upstream so the test is fully offline.
+func TestProxyHandler_AcceptsAllowedAuthHeaders(t *testing.T) {
+	key := []byte("test-key")
+
+	upstream := httptest.NewTLSServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+	}))
+	defer upstream.Close()
+	upstreamHost := strings.TrimPrefix(upstream.URL, "https://")
+
+	for _, good := range []string{"Authorization", sidecar.HeaderMCPUAT, sidecar.HeaderMCPTAT} {
+		t.Run(good, func(t *testing.T) {
+			cred := credential.NewCredentialProvider(
+				[]extcred.Provider{&fakeExtProvider{token: "real-token"}},
+				nil, nil, nil,
+			)
+			h := &proxyHandler{
+				key:          key,
+				cred:         cred,
+				appID:        "cli_test",
+				logger:       discardLogger(),
+				forwardCl:    upstream.Client(),
+				allowedHosts: map[string]bool{upstreamHost: true},
+				allowedIDs:   map[string]bool{sidecar.IdentityUser: true, sidecar.IdentityBot: true},
+			}
+
+			req := signedReq(t, key, "GET", "https://"+upstreamHost, "/open-apis/test", nil)
+			req.Header.Set(sidecar.HeaderProxyAuthHeader, good)
+			resign(t, key, req, nil)
+			w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+			h.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+			if w.Code != http.StatusOK {
+				t.Fatalf("authHeader=%q: expected 200, got %d body=%s", good, w.Code, w.Body.String())
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRun_RejectsSelfProxy(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv(envvars.CliAuthProxy, "http://127.0.0.1:16384")
+	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", t.TempDir())
+	keyPath := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "proxy.key")
+
+	err := run(context.Background(), "127.0.0.1:0", keyPath, "", "", "")
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected error when AUTH_PROXY is set")
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), envvars.CliAuthProxy) {
+		t.Errorf("error should mention %s, got: %v", envvars.CliAuthProxy, err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestForwardClient_RedirectStripsAuth(t *testing.T) {
+	redirectTarget := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		if auth := r.Header.Get("Authorization"); auth != "" {
+			t.Errorf("Authorization leaked to redirect target: %s", auth)
+		}
+		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+	}))
+	defer redirectTarget.Close()
+
+	origin := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		http.Redirect(w, r, redirectTarget.URL+"/redirected", http.StatusFound)
+	}))
+	defer origin.Close()
+
+	client := newForwardClient()
+	req, _ := http.NewRequest("GET", origin.URL+"/start", nil)
+	req.Header.Set("Authorization", "Bearer real-token")
+	resp, err := client.Do(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("request failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	resp.Body.Close()
+}
+
+func TestForwardClient_RedirectStripsMCPHeaders(t *testing.T) {
+	redirectTarget := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		if v := r.Header.Get(sidecar.HeaderMCPUAT); v != "" {
+			t.Errorf("X-Lark-MCP-UAT leaked to redirect target: %s", v)
+		}
+		if v := r.Header.Get(sidecar.HeaderMCPTAT); v != "" {
+			t.Errorf("X-Lark-MCP-TAT leaked to redirect target: %s", v)
+		}
+		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+	}))
+	defer redirectTarget.Close()
+
+	origin := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		http.Redirect(w, r, redirectTarget.URL+"/redirected", http.StatusFound)
+	}))
+	defer origin.Close()
+
+	client := newForwardClient()
+	req, _ := http.NewRequest("POST", origin.URL+"/mcp", nil)
+	req.Header.Set(sidecar.HeaderMCPUAT, "real-uat-token")
+	req.Header.Set(sidecar.HeaderMCPTAT, "real-tat-token")
+	resp, err := client.Do(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("request failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	resp.Body.Close()
+}
+
+// TestProxyHandler_StripsClientSuppliedAuthHeaders verifies that the sidecar
+// is the sole source of auth headers on the forwarded request. A malicious
+// sandbox client must not be able to smuggle an Authorization/MCP header that
+// rides along with the sidecar-injected real token.
+func TestProxyHandler_StripsClientSuppliedAuthHeaders(t *testing.T) {
+	const realToken = "real-tenant-access-token"
+
+	// Capture what the upstream receives after sidecar forwarding.
+	// TLS is required because parseTarget rejects non-https targets.
+	var captured http.Header
+	upstream := httptest.NewTLSServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		captured = r.Header.Clone()
+		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+	}))
+	defer upstream.Close()
+
+	// Strip "https://" prefix to get host:port (matches what the handler sees).
+	upstreamHost := strings.TrimPrefix(upstream.URL, "https://")
+
+	cred := credential.NewCredentialProvider(
+		[]extcred.Provider{&fakeExtProvider{token: realToken}},
+		nil, nil, nil,
+	)
+
+	key := []byte("test-key")
+	h := &proxyHandler{
+		key:          key,
+		cred:         cred,
+		appID:        "cli_test",
+		logger:       discardLogger(),
+		forwardCl:    upstream.Client(), // trusts the httptest CA
+		allowedHosts: map[string]bool{upstreamHost: true},
+		allowedIDs:   map[string]bool{sidecar.IdentityUser: true, sidecar.IdentityBot: true},
+	}
+
+	cases := []struct {
+		name                string
+		proxyAuthHeader     string // which header sidecar should inject into
+		wantInjectedHeader  string // the header the real token ends up in
+		wantInjectedValue   string
+		wantStrippedHeaders []string
+	}{
+		{
+			name:                "inject Authorization, strip MCP attacker headers",
+			proxyAuthHeader:     "Authorization",
+			wantInjectedHeader:  "Authorization",
+			wantInjectedValue:   "Bearer " + realToken,
+			wantStrippedHeaders: []string{sidecar.HeaderMCPUAT, sidecar.HeaderMCPTAT},
+		},
+		{
+			name:                "inject MCP UAT, strip Authorization attacker header",
+			proxyAuthHeader:     sidecar.HeaderMCPUAT,
+			wantInjectedHeader:  sidecar.HeaderMCPUAT,
+			wantInjectedValue:   realToken,
+			wantStrippedHeaders: []string{"Authorization", sidecar.HeaderMCPTAT},
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range cases {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			captured = nil
+
+			req := signedReq(t, key, "GET", "https://"+upstreamHost, "/open-apis/test", nil)
+			req.Header.Set(sidecar.HeaderProxyAuthHeader, tc.proxyAuthHeader)
+			resign(t, key, req, nil) // auth-header is signed; re-sign after override
+
+			// Attacker smuggles all three possible auth headers with bogus values.
+			req.Header.Set("Authorization", "Bearer attacker-token")
+			req.Header.Set(sidecar.HeaderMCPUAT, "attacker-uat")
+			req.Header.Set(sidecar.HeaderMCPTAT, "attacker-tat")
+
+			// Non-auth headers should still pass through.
+			req.Header.Set("X-Custom-Header", "keep-me")
+
+			w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+			h.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+
+			if w.Code != http.StatusOK {
+				t.Fatalf("expected 200 from upstream, got %d; body=%s", w.Code, w.Body.String())
+			}
+			if captured == nil {
+				t.Fatal("upstream handler was not invoked")
+			}
+
+			// Injected header contains the real token (not the attacker value).
+			if got := captured.Get(tc.wantInjectedHeader); got != tc.wantInjectedValue {
+				t.Errorf("%s = %q, want %q", tc.wantInjectedHeader, got, tc.wantInjectedValue)
+			}
+
+			// All other auth headers must be stripped.
+			for _, h := range tc.wantStrippedHeaders {
+				if got := captured.Get(h); got != "" {
+					t.Errorf("%s should be stripped, got %q", h, got)
+				}
+			}
+
+			// Non-auth headers still forwarded.
+			if got := captured.Get("X-Custom-Header"); got != "keep-me" {
+				t.Errorf("X-Custom-Header = %q, want %q", got, "keep-me")
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestBuildAllowedHosts(t *testing.T) {
+	feishu := core.Endpoints{
+		Open: "https://open.feishu.cn", Accounts: "https://accounts.feishu.cn", MCP: "https://mcp.feishu.cn",
+	}
+	lark := core.Endpoints{
+		Open: "https://open.larksuite.com", Accounts: "https://accounts.larksuite.com", MCP: "https://mcp.larksuite.com",
+	}
+	hosts := buildAllowedHosts(feishu, lark)
+	// feishu hosts
+	if !hosts["open.feishu.cn"] {
+		t.Error("expected open.feishu.cn in allowlist")
+	}
+	if !hosts["mcp.feishu.cn"] {
+		t.Error("expected mcp.feishu.cn in allowlist")
+	}
+	// lark hosts
+	if !hosts["open.larksuite.com"] {
+		t.Error("expected open.larksuite.com in allowlist")
+	}
+	if !hosts["mcp.larksuite.com"] {
+		t.Error("expected mcp.larksuite.com in allowlist")
+	}
+	// evil host
+	if hosts["evil.com"] {
+		t.Error("evil.com should not be in allowlist")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSanitizePath(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		input string
+		want  string
+	}{
+		{"/open-apis/im/v1/messages?receive_id_type=chat_id", "/open-apis/im/v1/messages"},
+		{"/open-apis/calendar/v4/events", "/open-apis/calendar/v4/events"},
+		{"/open-apis/docx/v1/documents/doxcnABCD1234/blocks", "/open-apis/docx/v1/documents/:id/blocks"},
+		{"/open-apis/im/v1/chats/oc_abcdef12345678/members", "/open-apis/im/v1/chats/:id/members"},
+		{"/path?secret=abc", "/path"},
+	}
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		if got := sanitizePath(tt.input); got != tt.want {
+			t.Errorf("sanitizePath(%q) = %q, want %q", tt.input, got, tt.want)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestLooksLikeID(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		seg  string
+		want bool
+	}{
+		{"doxcnABCD1234", true},     // doc token
+		{"oc_abcdef12345678", true}, // chat ID
+		{"v1", false},               // API version
+		{"messages", false},         // route keyword
+		{"open-apis", false},        // route prefix
+		{"ab1", false},              // too short
+	}
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		if got := looksLikeID(tt.seg); got != tt.want {
+			t.Errorf("looksLikeID(%q) = %v, want %v", tt.seg, got, tt.want)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSanitizeError(t *testing.T) {
+	short := fmt.Errorf("short error")
+	if got := sanitizeError(short); got != "short error" {
+		t.Errorf("got %q", got)
+	}
+
+	longMsg := make([]byte, 300)
+	for i := range longMsg {
+		longMsg[i] = 'x'
+	}
+	long := fmt.Errorf("%s", string(longMsg))
+	got := sanitizeError(long)
+	if len(got) > 210 {
+		t.Errorf("expected truncation, got %d chars", len(got))
+	}
+	if !bytes.HasSuffix([]byte(got), []byte("...")) {
+		t.Errorf("expected '...' suffix, got %q", got[len(got)-10:])
+	}
+}
+
+// ---------- Multi-tenant tests ----------
+
+func writeKeyFile(t *testing.T, dir, name, content string) {
+	t.Helper()
+	if err := os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(dir, name), []byte(content), 0644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestLoadClientKeys_SkipsSharedKeyCollision(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	sharedKey := strings.Repeat("aa", 32) // 64 hex chars
+	aliceKey := strings.Repeat("bb", 32)
+
+	writeKeyFile(t, dir, "proxy.key", sharedKey)
+	writeKeyFile(t, dir, "alice.key", aliceKey)
+	writeKeyFile(t, dir, "evil.key", sharedKey) // same as shared key
+
+	var logBuf bytes.Buffer
+	h := &proxyHandler{
+		key:        []byte(sharedKey),
+		keysDir:    dir,
+		clientKeys: make(map[string]clientKeyEntry),
+		logger:     log.New(&logBuf, "", 0),
+	}
+	h.loadClientKeys()
+
+	h.ckMu.RLock()
+	defer h.ckMu.RUnlock()
+
+	if len(h.clientKeys) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 1 client key (alice), got %d", len(h.clientKeys))
+	}
+	for _, entry := range h.clientKeys {
+		if entry.clientName != "alice" {
+			t.Errorf("expected client alice, got %s", entry.clientName)
+		}
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(logBuf.String(), "KEYS_SCAN_SKIP") || !strings.Contains(logBuf.String(), "collides with shared proxy key") {
+		t.Errorf("expected KEYS_SCAN_SKIP log for shared key collision, got: %s", logBuf.String())
+	}
+}
+
+func TestLoadClientKeys_SkipsDuplicateKeyHex(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	sharedKey := strings.Repeat("aa", 32)
+	dupeKey := strings.Repeat("cc", 32)
+
+	writeKeyFile(t, dir, "proxy.key", sharedKey)
+	writeKeyFile(t, dir, "alice.key", dupeKey)
+	writeKeyFile(t, dir, "bob.key", dupeKey) // duplicate of alice
+
+	var logBuf bytes.Buffer
+	h := &proxyHandler{
+		key:        []byte(sharedKey),
+		keysDir:    dir,
+		clientKeys: make(map[string]clientKeyEntry),
+		logger:     log.New(&logBuf, "", 0),
+	}
+	h.loadClientKeys()
+
+	h.ckMu.RLock()
+	defer h.ckMu.RUnlock()
+
+	if len(h.clientKeys) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 1 client key (first loaded), got %d", len(h.clientKeys))
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(logBuf.String(), "KEYS_SCAN_SKIP") || !strings.Contains(logBuf.String(), "duplicate key") {
+		t.Errorf("expected KEYS_SCAN_SKIP log for duplicate key, got: %s", logBuf.String())
+	}
+}
+
+func TestLoadClientKeys_SkipsProxyAndNonKeyFiles(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	sharedKey := strings.Repeat("aa", 32)
+
+	writeKeyFile(t, dir, "proxy.key", sharedKey)
+	writeKeyFile(t, dir, "alice.key", strings.Repeat("bb", 32))
+	writeKeyFile(t, dir, "notes.txt", "not a key")
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(filepath.Join(dir, "subdir.key"), 0755); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	var logBuf bytes.Buffer
+	h := &proxyHandler{
+		key:        []byte(sharedKey),
+		keysDir:    dir,
+		clientKeys: make(map[string]clientKeyEntry),
+		logger:     log.New(&logBuf, "", 0),
+	}
+	h.loadClientKeys()
+
+	h.ckMu.RLock()
+	defer h.ckMu.RUnlock()
+
+	if len(h.clientKeys) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 1 client key (alice), got %d", len(h.clientKeys))
+	}
+}
+
+func TestVerifyWithClientKeys_MatchesCorrectClient(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	sharedKey := strings.Repeat("aa", 32)
+	aliceKey := strings.Repeat("bb", 32)
+	bobKey := strings.Repeat("cc", 32)
+
+	writeKeyFile(t, dir, "proxy.key", sharedKey)
+	writeKeyFile(t, dir, "alice.key", aliceKey)
+	writeKeyFile(t, dir, "bob.key", bobKey)
+
+	h := &proxyHandler{
+		key:        []byte(sharedKey),
+		keysDir:    dir,
+		clientKeys: make(map[string]clientKeyEntry),
+		logger:     discardLogger(),
+	}
+	h.loadClientKeys()
+
+	cr := sidecar.CanonicalRequest{
+		Version:      sidecar.ProtocolV1,
+		Method:       "GET",
+		Host:         "open.feishu.cn",
+		PathAndQuery: "/test",
+		BodySHA256:   sidecar.BodySHA256(nil),
+		Timestamp:    sidecar.Timestamp(),
+		Identity:     sidecar.IdentityBot,
+		AuthHeader:   "Authorization",
+	}
+
+	// Sign with alice's key
+	aliceSig := sidecar.Sign([]byte(aliceKey), cr)
+	client, err := h.verifyWithClientKeys(cr, aliceSig)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("expected alice key to verify, got error: %v", err)
+	}
+	if client != "alice" {
+		t.Errorf("expected client=alice, got %q", client)
+	}
+
+	// Sign with bob's key
+	bobSig := sidecar.Sign([]byte(bobKey), cr)
+	client, err = h.verifyWithClientKeys(cr, bobSig)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("expected bob key to verify, got error: %v", err)
+	}
+	if client != "bob" {
+		t.Errorf("expected client=bob, got %q", client)
+	}
+
+	// Sign with unknown key
+	unknownKey := strings.Repeat("dd", 32)
+	unknownSig := sidecar.Sign([]byte(unknownKey), cr)
+	client, err = h.verifyWithClientKeys(cr, unknownSig)
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Errorf("expected error for unknown key, got client=%q", client)
+	}
+	if client != "" {
+		t.Errorf("expected empty client for unknown key, got %q", client)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestUserMap_RoundTripPersistence(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	mapFile := filepath.Join(dir, "client_user_map.json")
+
+	ab := &authBridge{
+		userMap: make(map[string]string),
+		mapFile: mapFile,
+		logger:  discardLogger(),
+	}
+
+	// Initially empty
+	ab.loadUserMap()
+	if len(ab.userMap) != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected empty map, got %v", ab.userMap)
+	}
+
+	// Populate and save
+	ab.userMap["alice"] = "ou_alice_open_id_123"
+	ab.userMap["bob"] = "ou_bob_open_id_456"
+	ab.saveUserMap()
+
+	// Verify file contents
+	data, err := os.ReadFile(mapFile)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to read map file: %v", err)
+	}
+	var saved map[string]string
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &saved); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to parse saved map: %v", err)
+	}
+	if saved["alice"] != "ou_alice_open_id_123" || saved["bob"] != "ou_bob_open_id_456" {
+		t.Errorf("saved map mismatch: %v", saved)
+	}
+
+	// Create new instance and load — simulates restart
+	ab2 := &authBridge{
+		userMap: make(map[string]string),
+		mapFile: mapFile,
+		logger:  discardLogger(),
+	}
+	ab2.loadUserMap()
+
+	if ab2.userMap["alice"] != "ou_alice_open_id_123" {
+		t.Errorf("after reload, alice=%q, want ou_alice_open_id_123", ab2.userMap["alice"])
+	}
+	if ab2.userMap["bob"] != "ou_bob_open_id_456" {
+		t.Errorf("after reload, bob=%q, want ou_bob_open_id_456", ab2.userMap["bob"])
+	}
+}

sidecar/server-multi-tenant-demo/main.go

@@ -0,0 +1,195 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+//go:build authsidecar_multi_tenant_demo
+
+// Command sidecar-server-demo is a reference implementation of a sidecar
+// auth proxy server. It is NOT production-ready — integrators should
+// implement their own server conforming to the wire protocol defined in
+// github.com/larksuite/cli/sidecar.
+//
+// The demo reuses the lark-cli credential pipeline (keychain + config) to
+// resolve real tokens, so it only works on a machine that has been
+// configured with `lark-cli auth login`.
+package main
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"crypto/rand"
+	"encoding/hex"
+	"flag"
+	"fmt"
+	"log"
+	"net"
+	"net/http"
+	"os"
+	"os/signal"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"syscall"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/envvars"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/validate"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/vfs"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/sidecar"
+)
+
+func main() {
+	listen := flag.String("listen", sidecar.DefaultListenAddr, "listen address (host:port)")
+	keyFile := flag.String("key-file", defaultKeyFile(), "path to write the HMAC key")
+	keysDir := flag.String("keys-dir", "", "directory containing per-client *.key files for identity isolation (defaults to key-file's parent dir)")
+	logFile := flag.String("log-file", "", "audit log file (stderr if empty)")
+	profile := flag.String("profile", "", "lark-cli profile name (empty = active profile)")
+	flag.Parse()
+
+	ctx, cancel := signal.NotifyContext(context.Background(), syscall.SIGINT, syscall.SIGTERM)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	if err := run(ctx, *listen, *keyFile, *keysDir, *logFile, *profile); err != nil {
+		fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "error:", err)
+		os.Exit(1)
+	}
+}
+
+func defaultKeyFile() string {
+	if home, err := os.UserHomeDir(); err == nil {
+		return filepath.Join(home, ".lark-sidecar", "proxy.key")
+	}
+	return "/tmp/lark-sidecar/proxy.key"
+}
+
+func run(ctx context.Context, listen, keyFile, keysDir, logFile, profile string) error {
+	if v := os.Getenv(envvars.CliAuthProxy); v != "" {
+		return fmt.Errorf("%s is set in this environment (%s); unset it before starting the sidecar server", envvars.CliAuthProxy, v)
+	}
+	if listen == "" {
+		return fmt.Errorf("invalid --listen address: empty")
+	}
+
+	if _, err := validate.SafeInputPath(keyFile); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("invalid --key-file path: %w", err)
+	}
+	if logFile != "" {
+		if _, err := validate.SafeInputPath(logFile); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("invalid --log-file path: %w", err)
+		}
+	}
+	if keysDir != "" {
+		if _, err := validate.SafeInputPath(keysDir); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("invalid --keys-dir path: %w", err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Reuse existing key if present; generate a new one only on first run.
+	keyDir := filepath.Dir(keyFile)
+	if err := vfs.MkdirAll(keyDir, 0700); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create key directory: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	var keyHex string
+	if existing, err := vfs.ReadFile(keyFile); err == nil && len(strings.TrimSpace(string(existing))) == 64 {
+		keyHex = strings.TrimSpace(string(existing))
+	} else {
+		keyBytes := make([]byte, 32)
+		if _, err := rand.Read(keyBytes); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to generate HMAC key: %v", err)
+		}
+		keyHex = hex.EncodeToString(keyBytes)
+		if err := vfs.WriteFile(keyFile, []byte(keyHex), 0600); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to write key file: %v", err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Default keysDir to the parent directory of keyFile
+	if keysDir == "" {
+		keysDir = keyDir
+	}
+
+	// Audit logger
+	var auditLogger *log.Logger
+	if logFile != "" {
+		f, err := vfs.OpenFile(logFile, os.O_CREATE|os.O_APPEND|os.O_WRONLY, 0600)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to open log file: %v", err)
+		}
+		defer f.Close()
+		auditLogger = log.New(f, "", log.LstdFlags)
+	} else {
+		auditLogger = log.New(os.Stderr, "[audit] ", log.LstdFlags)
+	}
+
+	factory := cmdutil.NewDefault(nil, cmdutil.InvocationContext{Profile: profile})
+	cfg, err := factory.Config()
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to load config: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	listener, err := net.Listen("tcp", listen)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to listen on %s: %v", listen, err)
+	}
+	defer listener.Close()
+
+	allowedHosts := buildAllowedHosts(
+		core.ResolveEndpoints(core.BrandFeishu),
+		core.ResolveEndpoints(core.BrandLark),
+	)
+	allowedIDs := buildAllowedIdentities(cfg)
+
+	ab := newAuthBridge([]byte(keyHex), cfg.AppID, cfg.AppSecret, cfg.Brand, factory.Credential, auditLogger)
+
+	handler := &proxyHandler{
+		key:          []byte(keyHex),
+		cred:         factory.Credential,
+		appID:        cfg.AppID,
+		brand:        cfg.Brand,
+		logger:       auditLogger,
+		forwardCl:    newForwardClient(),
+		allowedHosts: allowedHosts,
+		allowedIDs:   allowedIDs,
+		authBridge:   ab,
+		keysDir:      keysDir,
+	}
+	handler.loadClientKeys()
+
+	server := &http.Server{
+		Handler:           handler,
+		ReadHeaderTimeout: 10 * time.Second,
+		ReadTimeout:       60 * time.Second,
+		IdleTimeout:       120 * time.Second,
+		MaxHeaderBytes:    1 << 20,
+	}
+
+	go func() {
+		<-ctx.Done()
+		auditLogger.Println("shutting down...")
+		shutdownCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
+		defer cancel()
+		if err := server.Shutdown(shutdownCtx); err != nil {
+			auditLogger.Printf("shutdown error: %v", err)
+		}
+	}()
+
+	keyPrefix := keyHex
+	if len(keyPrefix) > 8 {
+		keyPrefix = keyPrefix[:8]
+	}
+	proxyURL := "http://" + listen
+	fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Auth sidecar listening on %s\n", proxyURL)
+	fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "HMAC key prefix: %s\n", keyPrefix)
+	fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Full key written to %s (mode 0600)\n", keyFile)
+	fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Client keys dir: %s\n", keysDir)
+	fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "\nSet in sandbox:\n")
+	fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "  export %s=%q\n", envvars.CliAuthProxy, proxyURL)
+	fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "  export %s=\"<read from %s>\"\n", envvars.CliProxyKey, keyFile)
+	fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "  export %s=%q\n", envvars.CliAppID, cfg.AppID)
+	fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "  export %s=%q\n", envvars.CliBrand, string(cfg.Brand))
+
+	if err := server.Serve(listener); err != nil && err != http.ErrServerClosed {
+		return fmt.Errorf("sidecar server exited unexpectedly: %v", err)
+	}
+	return nil
+}

skill-template/domains/apps.md

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+## 妙搭应用（apps）域介绍
+
+妙搭是飞书的低代码 / 无代码应用平台。本域命令围绕"妙搭应用"展开：
+
+- **App（应用）**：用户创建的妙搭应用对象，含 `app_id`、`name`、`description`、`icon_url`；通过 `+html-publish` 发布 HTML 内容
+- **Access Scope（可用范围）**：`specific`（指定可见）/ `public`（互联网公开）/ `tenant`（企业全员）三选一

skill-template/domains/base.md

@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@
 
 - **Base token 口径统一**：无论 Shortcut 还是原生 API，都统一使用 `base_token`
 - **附件字段**：上传本地文件时只能走 `lark-cli base +record-upload-attachment`
+- **地理位置字段**：写入必须使用 `{lng,lat}`；读取、筛选和转文本等场景使用 `full_address` 字符串，筛选优先用包含匹配；只有公式能访问坐标
 - **能力边界**：当前 `base/v3` 原生 spec 以单表 / 单记录 / 视图筛选配置为主，批量写入和旧 `search` 场景优先走 unified Shortcut 组合能力
 - **视图重命名确认规则**：用户已经明确“把哪个视图改成什么名字”时，执行 `table.views patch` / 对应 shortcut 直接改名即可，不需要再补一句确认
 - **删除确认规则（记录 / 字段 / 表）**：执行 `table.records delete / table.fields delete / tables delete` 或对应 shortcut 时，如果用户已经明确要求删除且目标明确，可以直接执行；只有目标不明确时才先追问

skill-template/domains/wiki.md

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 > **成员管理硬限制：**
 > - 如果目标是“部门”，先判断身份，再决定是否继续。
 > - `--as bot` 对应 `tenant_access_token`。官方限制：这种身份下不能使用部门 ID (`opendepartmentid`) 添加知识空间成员。
-> - 遇到“部门 + --as bot”时，禁止先调用 `lark-cli wiki members create` 试错；直接说明该路径不可行。
+> - 遇到“部门 + --as bot”时，禁止先调用 `lark-cli wiki +member-add` 试错；直接说明该路径不可行。
 > - 如果用户明确要求“以 bot 身份运行”，且目标是部门，必须停下说明 bot 路径无法完成，不要静默切到 `--as user`。
 
 ## 快速决策
@@ -14,18 +14,20 @@
   - 命中 0 条：停下来问用户是名称拼错了还是调用方无权限；**不要**自行改名字重试。
   - 用户明确选定后再执行 `lark-cli wiki +delete-space --space-id <ID> --yes`（高风险写操作，必须显式 `--yes`）。
 - 用户要在知识库中创建新节点，优先使用 `lark-cli wiki +node-create`。
-- 用户说“给知识库添加成员/管理员”：先把目标解析成“用户 / 群 / 部门”三类之一，再决定 `member_type`，不要先调 `wiki members create` 再根据报错反推类型。
-- 用户说“部门 + bot”：这是已知不支持路径。不要继续尝试 `wiki members create --as bot`；直接提示必须改成 `--as user`，或明确告知当前要求无法完成。
-- 用户说“用户 / 群 + 添加成员”：先解析对应 ID，再执行 `wiki members create`。
+- 用户说“给知识库添加成员/管理员”：先把目标解析成“用户 / 群 / 部门”三类之一，再决定 `--member-type`，不要先调 `wiki +member-add` 再根据报错反推类型。
+- 用户说“部门 + bot”：这是已知不支持路径。不要继续尝试 `wiki +member-add --as bot`；直接提示必须改成 `--as user`，或明确告知当前要求无法完成。
+- 用户说“用户 / 群 + 添加成员”：先解析对应 ID，再执行 `wiki +member-add`。
+- 用户说“查看 / 列出空间成员”：用 `wiki +member-list`；该 shortcut 默认只取一页，多成员场景显式加 `--page-all`。
+- 用户说“移除 / 删除空间成员”：用 `wiki +member-remove`，必须传齐原始授予时的 `--member-type` 和 `--member-role`（不知道就先 `wiki +member-list` 查一下）。
 
 ## 成员添加流程
 
-- 调用 `lark-cli wiki members create` 前，先把自然语言里的“人 / 群 / 部门”解析成正确的 `member_id`，不要猜格式。
-- 用户场景默认优先 `member_type=openid`：用 `lark-cli contact +search-user --query "<姓名/邮箱/手机号>" --format json` 获取 `open_id`。
-- 群组场景使用 `member_type=openchat`：用 `lark-cli im +chat-search --query "<群名关键词>" --format json` 获取 `chat_id`。
+- 调用 `lark-cli wiki +member-add` 前，先把自然语言里的“人 / 群 / 部门”解析成正确的 `--member-id`，不要猜格式。
+- 用户场景默认优先 `--member-type=openid`：用 `lark-cli contact +search-user --query "<姓名/邮箱/手机号>" --format json` 获取 `open_id`。
+- 群组场景使用 `--member-type=openchat`：用 `lark-cli im +chat-search --query "<群名关键词>" --format json` 获取 `chat_id`。
 - `userid` / `unionid` 只在下游明确要求时才使用；先拿到 `open_id`，再调用 `lark-cli api GET /open-apis/contact/v3/users/<open_id> --params '{"user_id_type":"open_id"}' --format json` 读取 `user_id` / `union_id`。
-- 部门场景使用 `member_type=opendepartmentid`：当前 CLI 没有 shortcut，需调用 `lark-cli api POST /open-apis/contact/v3/departments/search --as user --params '{"department_id_type":"open_department_id"}' --data '{"query":"<部门名>"}'` 获取 `open_department_id`。
-- 只有在目标类型和身份都已确认可行后，才调用 `lark-cli wiki members create`。对于部门场景，这意味着必须是 `--as user`。
+- 部门场景使用 `--member-type=opendepartmentid`：当前 CLI 没有 shortcut，需调用 `lark-cli api POST /open-apis/contact/v3/departments/search --as user --params '{"department_id_type":"open_department_id"}' --data '{"query":"<部门名>"}'` 获取 `open_department_id`。
+- 只有在目标类型和身份都已确认可行后，才调用 `lark-cli wiki +member-add`。对于部门场景，这意味着必须是 `--as user`。
 
 ## 目标语义约束
 

skills/lark-apps/SKILL.md

@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+---
+name: lark-apps
+description: "把本地 HTML 文件或目录部署到飞书妙搭（Miaoda），生成一个公网可访问的应用及其链接（URL）。当用户要创建 HTML 或要把 HTML、静态网站或 Web demo 发布成公网可访问的链接 / 可分享链接、设置应用共享范围，或提到妙搭 / Miaoda 时使用。凡产出可独立访问的 HTML 产物都属本 skill 的潜在归宿，是否真要部署由 skill 内部协议判断。不用于：上传普通文件到云空间（用 lark-drive）、编辑飞书云文档内容（用 lark-doc）、创建飞书原生幻灯片 / 演示文稿（用 lark-slides）。"
+metadata:
+  requires:
+    bins: ["lark-cli"]
+  cliHelp: "lark-cli apps --help"
+---
+
+# apps (v1)
+
+```bash
+# 常用示例
+lark-cli apps +create           --name "客户调研问卷" --app-type HTML
+lark-cli apps +html-publish     --app-id app_xxx --path ./dist
+lark-cli apps +access-scope-set --app-id app_xxx --scope tenant
+```
+
+## 品牌可用性（先做）
+
+跑 `lark-cli apps --help`；若提示暂未支持，告诉用户敬请期待并停止。
+
+## 前置条件 — 执行操作前必读
+
+**CRITICAL — 执行对应操作前，MUST 先用 Read 工具读取以下文件，缺一不可：**
+1. [`../lark-shared/SKILL.md`](../lark-shared/SKILL.md) — 认证、权限处理、全局参数（所有操作通用）
+2. **创建应用（`apps +create`）** → 必读 [`lark-apps-create.md`](references/lark-apps-create.md)
+3. **更新应用元信息（`apps +update`）** → 必读 [`lark-apps-update.md`](references/lark-apps-update.md)（部分更新，未传字段不变）
+4. **发布 HTML / PPT / 静态网站（`apps +html-publish`）** → 必读 [`lark-apps-html-publish.md`](references/lark-apps-html-publish.md)（`--path` 文件 vs 目录、tar.gz 打包不做过滤）
+5. **设置可用范围（`apps +access-scope-set`）** → 必读 [`lark-apps-access-scope-set.md`](references/lark-apps-access-scope-set.md)（specific / public / tenant 三态互斥校验、targets JSON 结构）
+6. **查看当前可用范围（`apps +access-scope-get`）** → 必读 [`lark-apps-access-scope-get.md`](references/lark-apps-access-scope-get.md)（响应 scope 枚举 `All` / `Tenant` / `Range` 与 CLI 的 `public` / `tenant` / `specific` 映射；含 jq 复制 scope 配置示例）
+
+**未读完以上文件就执行相应操作会导致参数选择错误、互斥违反或文件被错误打包。**
+
+## 身份与一次性授权
+
+妙搭应用是用户的个人资产，**统一使用 `--as user`**（CLI 默认 `--as auto` 会按 shortcut 声明自动落到 user）。
+
+**首次操作前一次性把本域 scope 全拿到，避免每条命令首次跑都触发新一轮授权**：
+
+```bash
+lark-cli auth login --domain apps
+```
+
+## 写 HTML 前的硬约束（避免 publish 阶段被拒）
+
+- **入口文件必须叫 `index.html`** — 妙搭以 `index.html` 作为应用入口；目录形态时根目录下要有 `index.html`，单文件形态时文件名就是 `index.html`。命名成 `app.html` / `demo.html` 等会被 `+html-publish` 直接拒绝
+- **`--path` 不能等于当前工作目录（`.` / cwd）** — 源码硬拒，避免误把 `.git` / `.env` / `node_modules` 一并打包并通过 share URL 公开。HTML 产物放进具体子目录（如 `./dist`、`./public`、`./<page-name>/`）或单文件路径
+
+## 端到端流程（HTML / PPT / 静态网站发布）
+
+**第一步：判断用户意图是「明示部署」还是「仅演示」**：
+
+| 用户表达 | 意图 | 处理 |
+|---------|------|------|
+| "部署 ./xxx 的 HTML"、"发布到妙搭"、"开发 xxx 并部署成可分享的网站 / 可访问的链接"、"生成可分享 URL" | **明示部署 / 分享** | 不停下追问，HTML 写完直接走下表 step 1→2 |
+| "用 HTML 写一个 PPT / 幻灯片 / 演示文稿"、"做个可演示的 demo"、"写个介绍 xxx 的页面"（没提部署 / 分享 / URL） | **仅演示** | HTML 写完先输出本地文件路径 + 简要说明，**主动追问一句**："要部署到妙搭以便分享给别人吗？"用户同意再走 step 1→2；用户说不用就停 |
+
+**第二步：用户同意部署 / 已明示部署后，按下表走完整链路并把最终 URL 返回给用户**：
+
+| 步骤 | 命令 | 说明 |
+|------|------|------|
+| 1. 新建应用 | `apps +create --name "<根据内容主题起的应用名>" --app-type HTML` → 从响应里拿 `app_id` | 默认都走新建（**不要尝试搜索 / 枚举已有应用**）。用户明确要复用现有应用时让他提供 **妙搭应用链接** 或 **app_id 字符串**（详见下方"快速决策"）；`--app-type` 必填，当前只支持 `HTML`（区分大小写），未来扩展 |
+| 1.5 预检 | `apps +html-publish --app-id <id> --path <path> --dry-run` 看 `warnings` 字段 | 命中 `.git` / `.env*` / `*.pem` / `*.key` 等敏感文件时**停下来**，把 warnings 列给用户看，确认要继续才走 step 2；用户没确认前不要去掉 `--dry-run` 真发 |
+| 2. 发布 HTML | `apps +html-publish --app-id <id> --path <文件或目录>` | 必走 |
+| 3. 设置可用范围（可选） | `apps +access-scope-set --app-id <id> --scope tenant\|public\|specific ...` | 用户说"公开 / 全员可见 / 让 Alice 看 / 互联网可分享"等 |
+
+报告给用户的话术：
+
+> 应用「{name}」已发布，访问链接：`{url}`
+
+若用户没指定可用范围且场景明显需要分享，主动追问一句"要设为企业全员 / 互联网公开吗？"，但不要为了问而问。
+
+## 快速决策
+
+- 用户**明示**"部署 / 发布 ./xxx 的 HTML"、"开发 xxx 并部署成可分享的网站 / 可访问的链接"、"发到妙搭" → 直接走「端到端流程」step 1→2，`apps +html-publish` 自动部署并返回 URL，不要追问
+- 用户**只说**"用 HTML 写 PPT / 幻灯片 / 演示文稿 / demo"、"开发一个可演示的页面"（**没提**部署 / 分享 / URL） → HTML 写完先输出本地路径 + 简要说明，主动问一句"要部署到妙搭以便分享吗？"，用户同意才走 publish；不要擅自部署，但也不要忘了问
+- 用户说"把应用 X 开放给全员 / 全公司" → `--scope tenant`，不要再传别的 flag
+- 用户说"公开 / 让任何人都能访问 / 互联网可见" → `--scope public --require-login=<bool>`，二选一
+- 用户说"只让 Alice / 某部门 / 某群访问" → `--scope specific --targets <JSON>`；姓名先用 `contact +search-user` 换 `ou_id`，群名先用 `im +chat-search` 换 `chat_id`
+- 用户没给 app_id → **默认 `apps +create --name "<根据内容主题起的名字>" --app-type HTML` 新建一个**。**不要尝试搜索 / 枚举已有应用** —— 列举应用的命令对 Agent 不可见，强行调用也只会浪费一次 OAPI 请求。如果用户明确要复用现有应用，**让他提供下列任一种**：
+  - **妙搭应用链接**：形如 `https://miaoda.feishu.cn/app/app_xxxxxxxxxxxxx`（或带尾斜杠 `/app/app_xxx/`）—— `app_id` 是 `/app/` 后面的 path segment（以 `app_` 开头）。从 URL 中提取的简单办法：`APP_ID=$(echo "$URL" | sed -E 's|.*/app/([^/?#]+).*|\1|')`
+  - **app_id 字符串**：用户直接给的 `app_xxxxxxxxxxxxx`，不需要再做处理
+- `--path` 既可传单个 HTML 文件也可传目录；目录会**递归打包成 tar.gz 不做过滤**，要提醒用户传干净的产物目录（如 `./dist`），避免把 `.git` / `node_modules` 一起打进去
+- `apps +update` 只更新传入字段，未传字段保持不变；`--name` / `--description` 至少传一个，否则 Validate 阶段直接拦截
+- `apps +access-scope-set` 三种 scope **互斥**：specific 必传 `--targets`、不允许 `--require-login`；public 必传 `--require-login`、不允许 `--targets` / `--apply-enabled` / `--approver`；tenant 不允许任何其他 flag
+- 失败时**优先转述 `error.hint`**（CLI 给的可执行修复建议），hint 为空时退回 `error.message`；不要原样把 envelope JSON 复述给用户
+
+## Shortcuts（推荐优先使用）
+
+Shortcut 是对常用操作的高级封装（`lark-cli apps +<verb> [flags]`）。有 Shortcut 的操作优先使用。
+
+| Shortcut | 说明 |
+|----------|------|
+| [`+create`](references/lark-apps-create.md) | 创建妙搭应用（name / description / icon-url） |
+| [`+update`](references/lark-apps-update.md) | 部分更新应用名 / 描述（只发传入字段） |
+| [`+access-scope-set`](references/lark-apps-access-scope-set.md) | 设置应用可用范围（specific / public / tenant，三态互斥校验） |
+| [`+access-scope-get`](references/lark-apps-access-scope-get.md) | 查看应用当前可用范围（响应 scope 枚举 `All` / `Tenant` / `Range`；可作"备份 / 复制 scope 配置"前置读） |
+| [`+html-publish`](references/lark-apps-html-publish.md) | **把本地 HTML 文件 / 目录 / PPT / 静态网站部署为可分享的妙搭应用，返回访问 URL**（用户明示部署 / 分享时直接调；仅说"可演示"时先问用户是否要部署再调） |

skills/lark-apps/references/lark-apps-access-scope-get.md

@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+# apps +access-scope-get
+
+> **前置条件：** 先阅读 [`../lark-shared/SKILL.md`](../../lark-shared/SKILL.md)。
+
+获取应用当前的可用范围配置。一次 `GET /apps/{appId}/access-scope` 调用，响应原样透传服务端契约（字符串 scope 枚举 + 拆分数组）。
+
+## 命令
+
+```bash
+lark-cli apps +access-scope-get --app-id app_xxx
+```
+
+## 参数
+
+| 参数 | 必填 | 说明 |
+|---|---|---|
+| `--app-id <id>` | ✅ | 应用 ID |
+
+## 返回值
+
+**成功（specific，三种 target 类型混合）：**
+
+```json
+{
+  "ok": true,
+  "data": {
+    "scope": "Range",
+    "users": ["ou_xxx", "ou_yyy"],
+    "departments": ["od_xxx"],
+    "chats": ["oc_xxx"],
+    "apply_config": {
+      "enabled": true,
+      "approvers": ["ou_approver"]
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+**成功（public + 免登）：**
+
+```json
+{ "ok": true, "data": { "scope": "All", "require_login": false } }
+```
+
+**成功（tenant）：**
+
+```json
+{ "ok": true, "data": { "scope": "Tenant" } }
+```
+
+**失败：**
+
+```json
+{ "ok": false, "error": { "type": "api_error", "message": "...", "hint": "..." } }
+```
+
+## 字段语义
+
+- `scope` 是**字符串枚举**：
+  - `"All"` = 互联网公开 — 对应 `apps +access-scope-set --scope public`
+  - `"Tenant"` = 组织内 — 对应 `--scope tenant`
+  - `"Range"` = 部分人员 — 对应 `--scope specific`
+- `users` / `departments` / `chats` 三个数组（仅 `scope="Range"` 时）：服务端拆分形态，CLI 不合并回统一 targets
+- `apply_config`（可选，仅 `scope="Range"` 且申请开启时）：含 `enabled` 和 `approvers`（只允许一个 user open_id）
+- `require_login`（仅 `scope="All"` 时）：bool
+
+## 典型场景
+
+### 场景 1：查看当前应用对谁可见
+
+```bash
+lark-cli apps +access-scope-get --app-id app_xxx
+```
+
+按 `scope` 值组装报告：
+- `scope="All"` → "应用 `{app_id}` 当前互联网公开（require_login={require_login}）"
+- `scope="Tenant"` → "应用 `{app_id}` 当前对企业全员可见"
+- `scope="Range"` → "应用 `{app_id}` 当前指定可见，包含 N 个用户 / M 个部门 / K 个群"
+
+### 场景 2：把 GET 响应拼回 `+access-scope-set` 命令（复制 / 备份可用范围）
+
+```bash
+# 拼一个 --targets JSON 数组（jq）
+lark-cli apps +access-scope-get --app-id app_src -q '
+  .data
+  | (.users        // [] | map({type:"user",       id:.}))
+  + (.departments // [] | map({type:"department", id:.}))
+  + (.chats        // [] | map({type:"chat",       id:.}))
+'
+```
+
+得到 `[{"type":"user","id":"ou_x"}, ...]` 数组，可作为 `apps +access-scope-set --targets '...'` 的入参。
+
+## 协同命令
+
+| 场景 | 命令 |
+|---|---|
+| 设置可用范围 | `apps +access-scope-set` |
+| 拿 app_id | 从用户提供的妙搭应用链接 `https://miaoda.feishu.cn/app/app_xxx` 的 `/app/` 后面提取，或让用户直接给 `app_xxx` 字符串（详见 `../SKILL.md`） |
+
+## 参考
+
+- [lark-apps](../SKILL.md)
+- [lark-shared](../../lark-shared/SKILL.md)