Refine wiki node-get flag wording

.github/workflows/ci.yml

@@ -86,10 +86,8 @@ jobs:
         run: echo "QUALITY_GATE_CHANGED_FROM=$(bash scripts/resolve-changed-from.sh)" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
       - name: Run golangci-lint
         run: go run github.com/golangci/golangci-lint/v2/cmd/golangci-lint@v2.1.6 run --new-from-rev="$QUALITY_GATE_CHANGED_FROM"
-      - name: Run source-contract lint guards (lintcheck)
+      - name: Run errs/ lint guards (lintcheck)
         run: go run -C lint . --changed-from "$QUALITY_GATE_CHANGED_FROM" ..
-      - name: Run lint module tests
-        run: go test -C lint ./... -count=1
 
   script-test:
     needs: fast-gate
@@ -265,19 +263,13 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@93cb6efe18208431cddfb8368fd83d5badbf9bfd # v5
-        with:
-          fetch-depth: 0
       - uses: actions/setup-go@4a3601121dd01d1626a1e23e37211e3254c1c06c # v6
         with:
           go-version-file: go.mod
       - uses: actions/setup-python@a309ff8b426b58ec0e2a45f0f869d46889d02405 # v6
         with:
           python-version: '3.x'
-      - name: Resolve CLI E2E domains
-        id: e2e_domains
-        run: node scripts/e2e_domains.js
       - name: Build lark-cli
-        if: ${{ steps.e2e_domains.outputs.mode != 'skip' }}
         run: make build
       - name: Run dry-run E2E tests
         env:
@@ -285,28 +277,7 @@ jobs:
           LARKSUITE_CLI_APP_ID: dry-run
           LARKSUITE_CLI_APP_SECRET: dry-run
           LARKSUITE_CLI_BRAND: feishu
-          E2E_MODE: ${{ steps.e2e_domains.outputs.mode }}
-          E2E_REASON: ${{ steps.e2e_domains.outputs.reason }}
-          E2E_DRY_ROOT_PACKAGE: ${{ steps.e2e_domains.outputs.dry_root_package }}
-          E2E_DRY_PACKAGES: ${{ steps.e2e_domains.outputs.dry_packages }}
-        run: |
-          if [ "$E2E_MODE" = "skip" ]; then
-            echo "No dry-run CLI E2E needed: $E2E_REASON"
-            exit 0
-          fi
-          if [ -z "$E2E_DRY_ROOT_PACKAGE" ] && [ -z "$E2E_DRY_PACKAGES" ]; then
-            echo "::error::No dry-run CLI E2E packages resolved for mode $E2E_MODE"
-            exit 1
-          fi
-          echo "Dry-run CLI E2E domains: $E2E_MODE ($E2E_REASON)"
-          if [ -n "$E2E_DRY_ROOT_PACKAGE" ]; then
-            echo "Dry-run CLI E2E root package: $E2E_DRY_ROOT_PACKAGE"
-            go test -v -count=1 -timeout=5m "$E2E_DRY_ROOT_PACKAGE"
-          fi
-          if [ -n "$E2E_DRY_PACKAGES" ]; then
-            echo "Dry-run CLI E2E packages: $E2E_DRY_PACKAGES"
-            go test -v -count=1 -timeout=5m $E2E_DRY_PACKAGES -run 'DryRun|Regression'
-          fi
+        run: go test -v -count=1 -timeout=5m ./tests/cli_e2e/... -run 'DryRun|Regression'
 
   e2e-live:
     needs: [unit-test, lint, script-test, deterministic-gate]
@@ -321,22 +292,15 @@ jobs:
       TEST_USER_ACCESS_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.TEST_USER_ACCESS_TOKEN }}
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@93cb6efe18208431cddfb8368fd83d5badbf9bfd # v5
-        with:
-          fetch-depth: 0
       - uses: actions/setup-go@4a3601121dd01d1626a1e23e37211e3254c1c06c # v6
         with:
           go-version-file: go.mod
       - uses: actions/setup-python@a309ff8b426b58ec0e2a45f0f869d46889d02405 # v6
         with:
           python-version: '3.x'
-      - name: Resolve CLI E2E domains
-        id: e2e_domains
-        run: node scripts/e2e_domains.js
       - name: Build lark-cli
-        if: ${{ steps.e2e_domains.outputs.mode != 'skip' }}
         run: make build
       - name: Configure bot credentials
-        if: ${{ steps.e2e_domains.outputs.mode != 'skip' }}
         run: |
           if [ -z "$TEST_BOT1_APP_ID" ] || [ -z "$TEST_BOT1_APP_SECRET" ]; then
             echo "::error::Missing required secrets: TEST_BOT1_APP_ID / TEST_BOT1_APP_SECRET"
@@ -346,24 +310,16 @@ jobs:
       - name: Run CLI E2E tests
         env:
           LARK_CLI_BIN: ${{ github.workspace }}/lark-cli
-          E2E_MODE: ${{ steps.e2e_domains.outputs.mode }}
-          E2E_REASON: ${{ steps.e2e_domains.outputs.reason }}
-          E2E_LIVE_PACKAGES: ${{ steps.e2e_domains.outputs.live_packages }}
         run: |
-          if [ "$E2E_MODE" = "skip" ]; then
-            echo "No live CLI E2E needed: $E2E_REASON"
-            exit 0
-          fi
-          packages="$E2E_LIVE_PACKAGES"
+          packages=$(go list ./tests/cli_e2e/... | grep -v '^github.com/larksuite/cli/tests/cli_e2e$' | grep -v '/demo$')
           if [ -z "$packages" ]; then
-            echo "::error::No live CLI E2E packages resolved for mode $E2E_MODE"
+            echo "No CLI E2E packages to test after exclusions."
             exit 1
           fi
-          echo "Live CLI E2E domains: $E2E_MODE ($E2E_REASON)"
-          echo "Live CLI E2E packages: $packages"
-          go run gotest.tools/gotestsum@v1.12.3 --rerun-fails=2 --rerun-fails-max-failures=20 --packages="$packages" --format testname --junitfile cli-e2e-report.xml -- -count=1 -v
+          packages_arg=$(printf '%s\n' "$packages" | paste -sd' ' -)
+          go run gotest.tools/gotestsum@v1.12.3 --rerun-fails=2 --rerun-fails-max-failures=20 --packages="$packages_arg" --format testname --junitfile cli-e2e-report.xml -- -count=1 -v
       - name: Publish CLI E2E test report
-        if: ${{ !cancelled() && steps.e2e_domains.outputs.mode != 'skip' }}
+        if: ${{ !cancelled() }}
         uses: dorny/test-reporter@a43b3a5f7366b97d083190328d2c652e1a8b6aa2 # v3.0.0
         with:
           name: CLI E2E Tests

.gitignore

@@ -27,9 +27,6 @@ Thumbs.db
 # Go
 docs/ref
 docs/
-!tests/cli_e2e/docs/
-!tests/cli_e2e/docs/*.go
-!tests/cli_e2e/docs/*.md
 vendor/
 
 

AGENTS.md

@@ -105,20 +105,6 @@ Signatures that are easy to guess wrong:
 
 Program output (JSON envelopes) goes to stdout. Progress, warnings, hints go to stderr. Mixing them corrupts pipe chains.
 
-### Typed data over loose maps
-
-Parse `map[string]interface{}` into a typed struct at the boundary — one projection function per shape — and let everything downstream consume struct fields, not string keys. A typo'd map key compiles fine and fails at runtime, which an agent then debugs blind.
-
-Use distinct types when two values could be swapped silently: see `internal/meta.Token` — a bare string compiles on either side of a string/string signature, a distinct type does not.
-
-Legacy loose-map code exists in older paths. Match its call sites when touching it, but do not copy the pattern into new code.
-
-### Transcribe faithfully — no silent fallbacks
-
-When code echoes input onward (request previews, transformations, proxies), transcribe verbatim. A `default:` branch that coerces unrecognized input into a plausible value ("unknown HTTP verb → GET") makes the output lie, and an agent reasons from the lie.
-
-The same rule applies to flag combinations and internal wiring: if a requested option cannot be honored, return a typed validation error — never silently substitute another behavior and exit 0. Silent guesses (defaulting a missing identity, discarding writes on a nil writer) are bugs even when every current caller happens to avoid them.
-
 ### Use `vfs.*` instead of `os.*`
 
 All filesystem access goes through `internal/vfs`. This enables test mocking.
@@ -130,7 +116,6 @@ CLI arguments are untrusted (they come from AI agents). Call `validate.SafeInput
 ### Tests
 
 - Every behavior change needs a test alongside the change.
-- A contract test must fail if the implementation is reverted. If you can undo the code change and the suite stays green, the contract is not pinned — assert the new field/behavior directly, not a happy-path substring.
 - `cmdutil.TestFactory(t, config)` for test factories.
 - `t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", t.TempDir())` to isolate config state.
 

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -2,142 +2,6 @@
 
 All notable changes to this project will be documented in this file.
 
-## [v1.0.69] - 2026-07-13
-
-### Features
-
-- support docs fetch selection anchors (#1815)
-- **apps**: support modern_html app type with TOS publish path and app type querying
-- **im**: show bot sender display names when reading messages (#1829)
-- add drive list comments shortcut (#1845)
-- support wiki sources in drive export (#1802)
-- add application domain with slash command management shortcuts (#1806)
-- validate IM idempotency key length (#1797)
-- surface reply context and mentions in im.message.receive_v1 (#1798)
-
-### Bug Fixes
-
-- route brand-sensitive endpoints through the resolver (#1836)
-
-### Documentation
-
-- document OKR block XML guidance (#1648)
-- refine doubao whiteboard workflow routing (#1841)
-- clarify Mindnote token handling (#1827)
-
-### Tests
-
-- isolate semantic waiver fixtures from wall clock
-
-### Misc
-
-- Merge lark sheets development branch (#1833)
-
-## [v1.0.68] - 2026-07-09
-
-### Features
-
-- **drive**: Strengthen lark-drive high-risk write operations and read-only recognition boundaries. (#1801)
-- **slides**: add slides chart demo reference
-
-### Bug Fixes
-
-- register and consume --json shorthand for custom-format shortcuts (#1737)
-- **drive**: abort push on parent sibling limit (#1813)
-
-### Documentation
-
-- require native charts in slide planning
-- register knowledge organize workflow (#1828)
-
-## [v1.0.67] - 2026-07-08
-
-### Features
-
-- **mail**: add message modify and trash shortcuts (#1567)
-- support whiteboard file inputs in docs XML (#1784)
-- **vc**: refine meeting-events output and reaction forwarding (#1674)
-- **affordance**: usage guidance for shortcuts and per-command skills (#1793)
-
-### Bug Fixes
-
-- accept opaque wiki node tokens (#1789)
-- **apps**: make db --environment optional, auto-select branch server-side (#1735)
-- preserve original filename in multipart file upload (#1767)
-
-### Documentation
-
-- restore one-time authorization guidance in lark-apps skill (#1794)
-
-### Misc
-
-- e2e: harden CLI E2E retry, cleanup, and domain selection (#1709)
-
-## [v1.0.66] - 2026-07-07
-
-### Features
-
-- support semantic recurring calendar operations (#1723)
-- minute wait (#1768)
-
-### Bug Fixes
-
-- guide drive import concurrency conflicts (#1751)
-- **calendar**: guide approval room booking fallback (#1637)
-- support pnpm global installs in self-update (#1705)
-- resolve schema against runtime metadata in plugin builds; gate cache overlay by version (#1764)
-
-### Documentation
-
-- tighten doc creation validation workflow (#1759)
-- clarify success envelope contract — judge success by ok, not code (#1730)
-
-### Refactoring
-
-- **envvars**: consolidate agent env value access (#1757)
-
-### Misc
-
-- Improve agent-facing error guidance for drive, markdown, and wiki (#1779)
-
-## [v1.0.65] - 2026-07-03
-
-### Features
-
-- **doc**: Add `+history-list`, `+history-revert`, and `+history-revert-status` shortcuts for document version history (#1612)
-
-### Bug Fixes
-
-- **minutes**: `+speaker-replace` no longer refetches the speaker list — `--from-speaker-id` is passed through as-is (#1731)
-
-### Documentation
-
-- **drive**: Document 30-char query limit for `+search` (#1560)
-- **doc**: Add mindnote guidance to lark-doc skill (#1581)
-- **doc**: Sync lark-doc skill content from online-doc (#1701)
-
-## [v1.0.64] - 2026-07-02
-
-### Features
-
-- **im**: Upgrade card send to Card 2.0 with full component reference (#1688)
-- **im**: Add `+chat-members-list` shortcut for member listing (#1398)
-- **okr**: Semi-plain text format with mention position preservation and `patch` shortcut (#1671)
-
-### Bug Fixes
-
-- **cli**: Point permission-apply link at official `/page/scope-apply` entry (#1722)
-- **cli**: Improve secure label error handling (#1707)
-- **cli**: Reduce public content token false positives
-- **cli**: Increase npm registry fetch timeout to 15s during update check (#1724)
-- **doc**: Align word statistics compound tokens (#1706)
-
-### Documentation
-
-- **approval**: Add detailed command-to-reference mapping for the approval skill (#1630)
-- **doc**: Support `reference_map` in docs (#1690)
-- **slides**: Refresh generation guidance — add constraints, drop template toolchain, and inline lint XML fixtures
-
 ## [v1.0.62] - 2026-07-01
 
 ### Features
@@ -1469,12 +1333,6 @@ Bundled AI agent skills for intelligent assistance:
 - Bilingual documentation (English & Chinese).
 - CI/CD pipelines: linting, testing, coverage reporting, and automated releases.
 
-[v1.0.69]: https://github.com/larksuite/cli/releases/tag/v1.0.69
-[v1.0.68]: https://github.com/larksuite/cli/releases/tag/v1.0.68
-[v1.0.67]: https://github.com/larksuite/cli/releases/tag/v1.0.67
-[v1.0.66]: https://github.com/larksuite/cli/releases/tag/v1.0.66
-[v1.0.65]: https://github.com/larksuite/cli/releases/tag/v1.0.65
-[v1.0.64]: https://github.com/larksuite/cli/releases/tag/v1.0.64
 [v1.0.62]: https://github.com/larksuite/cli/releases/tag/v1.0.62
 [v1.0.61]: https://github.com/larksuite/cli/releases/tag/v1.0.61
 [v1.0.60]: https://github.com/larksuite/cli/releases/tag/v1.0.60

Makefile

@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ script-test:
 	bash scripts/resolve-changed-from.test.sh
 	bash scripts/ci-workflow.test.sh
 	bash scripts/semantic-review-workflow.test.sh
-	$(NODE) --test scripts/e2e_domains.test.js scripts/semantic-review-verify-artifact.test.js scripts/pr-quality-summary.test.js scripts/semantic-review-publish.test.js scripts/ci-quality-summary-publish.test.js
+	$(NODE) --test scripts/semantic-review-verify-artifact.test.js scripts/pr-quality-summary.test.js scripts/semantic-review-publish.test.js scripts/ci-quality-summary-publish.test.js
 
 # ./extension/... keeps the public plugin SDK in the default test matrix.
 unit-test: fetch_meta

README.md

@@ -233,24 +233,6 @@ lark-cli api POST /open-apis/im/v1/messages --params '{"receive_id_type":"chat_i
 --format csv       # Comma-separated values
 ```
 
-### JSON Output Contract
-
-With `--format json` (the default), success and error envelopes are distinct.
-
-Success goes to **stdout**, exit code `0`:
-
-```json
-{ "ok": true, "identity": "user", "data": { "guid": "..." }, "meta": { "count": 1 } }
-```
-
-Errors go to **stderr**, non-zero exit code:
-
-```json
-{ "ok": false, "identity": "user", "error": { "type": "api", "subtype": "...", "code": 99991679, "message": "...", "hint": "..." } }
-```
-
-To check whether a command succeeded, test `ok == true` (or the exit code) — **not** `code == 0`. Unlike raw OpenAPI responses (`{"code": 0, "msg": "ok", ...}`), the success envelope carries no `code` or `msg` field; `code` appears only inside `error` as the upstream OpenAPI code. See [errs/ERROR_CONTRACT.md](errs/ERROR_CONTRACT.md) for the full error taxonomy.
-
 ### Pagination
 
 ```bash

README.zh.md

@@ -234,24 +234,6 @@ lark-cli api POST /open-apis/im/v1/messages --params '{"receive_id_type":"chat_i
 --format csv       # 逗号分隔值
 ```
 
-### JSON 输出契约
-
-`--format json`（默认）下，成功与错误的信封结构不同。
-
-成功信封写入 **stdout**，退出码 0：
-
-```json
-{ "ok": true, "identity": "user", "data": { "guid": "..." }, "meta": { "count": 1 } }
-```
-
-错误信封写入 **stderr**，退出码非 0：
-
-```json
-{ "ok": false, "identity": "user", "error": { "type": "api", "subtype": "...", "code": 99991679, "message": "...", "hint": "..." } }
-```
-
-判断命令是否成功，请检查 `ok == true`（或进程退出码），**不要用 `code == 0`**。与原始 OpenAPI 响应（`{"code": 0, "msg": "ok", ...}`）不同，成功信封没有 `code` 和 `msg` 字段；`code` 只出现在错误信封的 `error` 内，含义是上游 OpenAPI 的 numeric code。完整错误分类见 [errs/ERROR_CONTRACT.md](errs/ERROR_CONTRACT.md)。
-
 ### 分页
 
 ```bash

affordance/README.md

@@ -10,33 +10,18 @@ step. Maintain these files alongside `skills/` and `shortcuts/`.
 A small, fixed markdown subset; each file describes one domain:
 
     # <domain>            optional `> skill: <name>` applies to every command below
-    ## <command>          the command as typed, minus `lark-cli <domain>`; a
-                          +-prefixed heading (## +create) targets that shortcut
+    ## <command>          the command as typed, minus `lark-cli <domain>`
     <lead paragraph>      when to use this command
     ### Avoid when        when not to use it / which command to use instead
     ### Prerequisites     what you must have first (e.g. an id, and where it comes from)
     ### Tips              gotchas and constraints
     ### Examples          **description** lines, each followed by a fenced command
-    ### Skills            bullet skill names, or name/relpath references
-                          (lark-contact/references/x.md), to read for usage;
-                          merged with the domain `> skill:` default (deduped,
-                          domain first)
     ### <other heading>   a custom section; flows through verbatim
 
 Reference another command with `[[command]]` — it renders as `command` in help.
 Under `Avoid when` it means "use that one instead"; under `Prerequisites`
 ("… from [[command]]") it means "get the input there first".
 
-Both service-API commands (`## messages get`) and `+`-prefixed shortcuts
-(`## +create`) take entries. A `### Skills` entry is a skill name (validated
-against `<name>/SKILL.md`) or a `name/relpath` reference into that skill
-(validated against the path); help drops any that don't resolve, so a typo shows
-nothing. Point a command at its own reference (e.g. `+search-user` →
-`lark-contact/references/lark-contact-search-user.md`) rather than re-listing the
-domain skill, which the `> skill:` default already covers. When a shortcut also
-sets a hand-authored `Tips` list in Go, the overlay's `### Tips` win — they
-replace the Go tips (not merged), so keep tips in one place.
-
 ## Example
 
     ## messages get
@@ -62,5 +47,3 @@ replace the Go tips (not merged), so keep tips in one place.
   anything the schema and flags already show; the agent infers the rest.
 - Command-form headings resolve to method ids via the registry, so plural resource
   names (`messages`) map to the singular method id (`message`) automatically.
-  `+`-prefixed shortcut headings are matched verbatim (no plural/space folding),
-  so the heading must equal the shortcut command exactly (`## +history-revert`).

affordance/contact.md

@@ -1,42 +1,6 @@
 # contact
 > skill: lark-contact
 
-## +search-user
-The primary user lookup for user identity: search by keyword or email, resolve known ids with --user-ids, or get yourself with --user-ids me — it does by-id reads too, so as a user you rarely need `+get-user`. Each match returns an open_id and p2p_chat_id to chain into follow-ups.
-
-### Skills
-- lark-contact/references/lark-contact-search-user.md
-
-### Avoid when
-- Running as a bot — this shortcut is user-only; use [[+get-user]] instead (it supports bot identity)
-- You only need users' personal status for ids you already hold → use [[user_profiles batch_query]]
-
-### Examples
-
-**Find a user by name**
-```bash
-lark-cli contact +search-user --query "alice" --as user
-```
-
-**Fetch known users by open_id (me = yourself)**
-```bash
-lark-cli contact +search-user --user-ids "ou_3a8b****6a7b,me" --as user
-```
-
-## +get-user
-Fetch one user's profile by id, or your own with --user-id omitted. Use it under bot identity — `+search-user` is user-only.
-
-### Skills
-- lark-contact/references/lark-contact-get-user.md
-
-### Avoid when
-- You don't have the user's id yet, or want to match by name/keyword → use [[+search-user]]
-- Running as a user — [[+search-user]] --user-ids covers by-id reads and more in one tool
-
-### Tips
-- Self lookup (omit --user-id) needs user identity; a bot must pass --user-id
-- --user-id-type must match the id you pass (default open_id)
-
 ## user_profiles batch_query
 Bulk-fetch personal status and signature for user ids you already have.
 

cmd/api/api.go

@@ -40,7 +40,6 @@ type APIOptions struct {
 	PageLimit int
 	PageDelay int
 	Format    string
-	JSON      bool
 	JqExpr    string
 	DryRun    bool
 	File      string
@@ -89,11 +88,6 @@ Examples:
 			opts.Cmd = cmd
 			opts.Ctx = cmd.Context()
 			opts.As = core.Identity(asStr)
-			format, err := output.StandardFormats.Resolve(opts.Format, cmd.Flags().Changed("format"), opts.JSON)
-			if err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
-			opts.Format = format
 			if runF != nil {
 				return runF(opts)
 			}
@@ -109,8 +103,8 @@ Examples:
 	cmd.Flags().IntVar(&opts.PageSize, "page-size", 0, "page size (0 = use API default)")
 	cmd.Flags().IntVar(&opts.PageLimit, "page-limit", 10, "max pages to fetch with --page-all (0 = unlimited)")
 	cmd.Flags().IntVar(&opts.PageDelay, "page-delay", 200, "delay in ms between pages")
-	cmd.Flags().StringVar(&opts.Format, "format", "json", output.StandardFormats.Usage())
-	cmd.Flags().BoolVar(&opts.JSON, "json", false, "shorthand for --format json")
+	cmd.Flags().StringVar(&opts.Format, "format", "json", "output format: json|ndjson|table|csv")
+	cmd.Flags().Bool("json", false, "shorthand for --format json")
 	cmd.Flags().StringVarP(&opts.JqExpr, "jq", "q", "", "jq expression to filter JSON output")
 	cmd.Flags().BoolVar(&opts.DryRun, "dry-run", false, "print request without executing")
 	cmd.Flags().StringVar(&opts.File, "file", "", "file to upload as multipart/form-data ([field=]path, supports - for stdin)")
@@ -122,7 +116,7 @@ Examples:
 		return nil, cobra.ShellCompDirectiveNoFileComp
 	}
 	cmdutil.RegisterFlagCompletion(cmd, "format", func(_ *cobra.Command, _ []string, _ string) ([]string, cobra.ShellCompDirective) {
-		return output.StandardFormats.Names(), cobra.ShellCompDirectiveNoFileComp
+		return []string{"json", "ndjson", "table", "csv"}, cobra.ShellCompDirectiveNoFileComp
 	})
 	cmdutil.SetRisk(cmd, "write")
 
@@ -136,13 +130,6 @@ func buildAPIRequest(opts *APIOptions) (client.RawApiRequest, *cmdutil.FileUploa
 	stdin := opts.Factory.IOStreams.In
 	fileIO := opts.Factory.ResolveFileIO(opts.Ctx)
 
-	if opts.Method == "" {
-		return client.RawApiRequest{}, nil, errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument,
-			"HTTP method must not be empty").
-			WithHint("pass the verb as the first argument, e.g. lark-cli api GET /open-apis/...").
-			WithParam("<method>")
-	}
-
 	// Validate --file mutual exclusions first.
 	if err := cmdutil.ValidateFileFlag(opts.File, opts.Params, opts.Data, opts.Output, opts.PageAll, opts.Method); err != nil {
 		return client.RawApiRequest{}, nil, err
@@ -256,9 +243,9 @@ func apiRun(opts *APIOptions) error {
 
 	if opts.DryRun {
 		if fileMeta != nil {
-			return cmdutil.PrintDryRunWithFile(request, config, dryRunOutputOptions(f, opts), *fileMeta)
+			return cmdutil.PrintDryRunWithFile(f.IOStreams.Out, request, config, opts.Format, fileMeta.FieldName, fileMeta.FilePath, fileMeta.FormFields)
 		}
-		return apiDryRun(f, request, config, opts)
+		return apiDryRun(f, request, config, opts.Format)
 	}
 	// Identity info is now included in the JSON envelope; skip stderr printing.
 	// cmdutil.PrintIdentity(f.IOStreams.ErrOut, opts.As, config, f.IdentityAutoDetected)
@@ -269,7 +256,10 @@ func apiRun(opts *APIOptions) error {
 	}
 
 	out := f.IOStreams.Out
-	format, _ := output.ParseFormat(opts.Format)
+	format, formatOK := output.ParseFormat(opts.Format)
+	if !formatOK {
+		fmt.Fprintf(f.IOStreams.ErrOut, "warning: unknown format %q, falling back to json\n", opts.Format)
+	}
 
 	if opts.PageAll {
 		return apiPaginate(opts.Ctx, ac, request, format, opts.JqExpr, out, f.IOStreams.ErrOut, opts.Cmd.CommandPath(),
@@ -307,19 +297,8 @@ func apiRun(opts *APIOptions) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func apiDryRun(f *cmdutil.Factory, request client.RawApiRequest, config *core.CliConfig, opts *APIOptions) error {
-	return cmdutil.PrintDryRun(request, config, dryRunOutputOptions(f, opts))
-}
-
-func dryRunOutputOptions(f *cmdutil.Factory, opts *APIOptions) cmdutil.DryRunOutputOptions {
-	return cmdutil.DryRunOutputOptions{
-		Format:      opts.Format,
-		JqExpr:      opts.JqExpr,
-		CommandPath: opts.Cmd.CommandPath(),
-		Identity:    opts.As,
-		Out:         f.IOStreams.Out,
-		ErrOut:      f.IOStreams.ErrOut,
-	}
+func apiDryRun(f *cmdutil.Factory, request client.RawApiRequest, config *core.CliConfig, format string) error {
+	return cmdutil.PrintDryRun(f.IOStreams.Out, request, config, format)
 }
 
 func apiPaginate(ctx context.Context, ac *client.APIClient, request client.RawApiRequest, format output.Format, jqExpr string, out, errOut io.Writer, commandPath string, pagOpts client.PaginationOptions) error {
@@ -346,24 +325,6 @@ func apiPaginate(ctx context.Context, ac *client.APIClient, request client.RawAp
 	}
 
 	switch format {
-	case output.FormatPretty:
-		result, err := ac.PaginateAll(ctx, request, pagOpts)
-		if err != nil {
-			return errs.MarkRaw(err)
-		}
-		if apiErr := ac.CheckResponse(result, pagOpts.Identity); apiErr != nil {
-			output.FormatValue(out, result, output.FormatPretty)
-			return errs.MarkRaw(apiErr)
-		}
-		scanResult := output.ScanForSafety(commandPath, result, errOut)
-		if scanResult.Blocked {
-			return errs.MarkRaw(scanResult.BlockErr)
-		}
-		if scanResult.Alert != nil {
-			output.WriteAlertWarning(errOut, scanResult.Alert)
-		}
-		output.FormatValue(out, result, output.FormatPretty)
-		return nil
 	case output.FormatNDJSON, output.FormatTable, output.FormatCSV:
 		pf := output.NewPaginatedFormatter(out, format)
 		result, hasItems, err := ac.StreamPages(ctx, request, func(items []interface{}) error {

cmd/api/api_test.go

@@ -4,14 +4,10 @@
 package api
 
 import (
-	"bytes"
 	"context"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"errors"
-	"mime"
-	"mime/multipart"
 	"os"
-	"path/filepath"
 	"sort"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
@@ -24,28 +20,13 @@ import (
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 )
 
-func newTestApiCmd(f *cmdutil.Factory, runF func(*APIOptions) error) *cobra.Command {
-	cmd := NewCmdApi(f, runF)
-	cmd.SilenceErrors = true
-	cmd.SilenceUsage = true
-	return cmd
-}
-
-func newTestRootCmd() *cobra.Command {
-	return &cobra.Command{
-		Use:           "lark-cli",
-		SilenceErrors: true,
-		SilenceUsage:  true,
-	}
-}
-
 func TestApiCmd_FlagParsing(t *testing.T) {
 	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{
 		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: core.BrandFeishu,
 	})
 
 	var gotOpts *APIOptions
-	cmd := newTestApiCmd(f, func(opts *APIOptions) error {
+	cmd := NewCmdApi(f, func(opts *APIOptions) error {
 		gotOpts = opts
 		return nil
 	})
@@ -68,89 +49,23 @@ func TestApiCmd_FlagParsing(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-func TestApiCmd_OutputFormatResolution(t *testing.T) {
-	tests := []struct {
-		name string
-		args []string
-		want string
-	}{
-		{name: "json shorthand", args: []string{"--json"}, want: "json"},
-		{name: "explicit format wins", args: []string{"--format", "table", "--json"}, want: "table"},
-		{name: "pretty format", args: []string{"--format", "PRETTY"}, want: "pretty"},
-	}
-
-	for _, tt := range tests {
-		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{
-				AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: core.BrandFeishu,
-			})
-			var gotOpts *APIOptions
-			cmd := newTestApiCmd(f, func(opts *APIOptions) error {
-				gotOpts = opts
-				return nil
-			})
-			args := []string{"GET", "/open-apis/test", "--as", "bot"}
-			cmd.SetArgs(append(args, tt.args...))
-			if err := cmd.Execute(); err != nil {
-				t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
-			}
-			if gotOpts == nil {
-				t.Fatal("expected options to be captured")
-			}
-			if gotOpts.Format != tt.want {
-				t.Fatalf("format = %q, want %q", gotOpts.Format, tt.want)
-			}
-		})
-	}
-}
-
 func TestApiCmd_DryRun(t *testing.T) {
-	f, stdout, stderr, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{
+	f, stdout, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{
 		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: core.BrandFeishu,
 	})
 
-	cmd := newTestApiCmd(f, nil)
+	cmd := NewCmdApi(f, nil)
 	cmd.SetArgs([]string{"GET", "/open-apis/test", "--as", "bot", "--dry-run"})
 	err := cmd.Execute()
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
 	}
-	var got map[string]interface{}
-	if err := json.Unmarshal(stdout.Bytes(), &got); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("dry-run stdout is not JSON: %v\nstdout:\n%s\nstderr:\n%s", err, stdout.String(), stderr.String())
+	output := stdout.String()
+	if !strings.Contains(output, "Dry Run") {
+		t.Error("expected dry run output")
 	}
-	if got["ok"] != true || got["identity"] != "bot" || got["dry_run"] != true {
-		t.Fatalf("unexpected dry-run envelope: %#v", got)
-	}
-	data, ok := got["data"].(map[string]interface{})
-	if !ok {
-		t.Fatalf("data = %#v, want object", got["data"])
-	}
-	api, ok := data["api"].([]interface{})
-	if !ok || len(api) != 1 {
-		t.Fatalf("api = %#v, want one call", data["api"])
-	}
-	call, ok := api[0].(map[string]interface{})
-	if !ok || call["url"] != "/open-apis/test" {
-		t.Fatalf("api[0] = %#v", api[0])
-	}
-	if strings.Contains(stdout.String(), "=== Dry Run ===") {
-		t.Fatalf("stdout should not contain dry-run banner: %s", stdout.String())
-	}
-}
-
-func TestApiCmd_DryRunWithJq(t *testing.T) {
-	f, stdout, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{
-		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: core.BrandFeishu,
-	})
-
-	cmd := newTestApiCmd(f, nil)
-	cmd.SetArgs([]string{"GET", "/open-apis/test", "--as", "bot", "--dry-run", "--jq", ".data.api[0].url"})
-	if err := cmd.Execute(); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
-	}
-	if got := strings.TrimSpace(stdout.String()); got != "/open-apis/test" {
-		t.Fatalf("jq output = %q, want /open-apis/test", got)
+	if !strings.Contains(output, "/open-apis/test") {
+		t.Error("expected path in dry run output")
 	}
 }
 
@@ -162,7 +77,7 @@ func TestApiCmd_NullParamsWithPageSize(t *testing.T) {
 		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: core.BrandFeishu,
 	})
 
-	cmd := newTestApiCmd(f, nil)
+	cmd := NewCmdApi(f, nil)
 	cmd.SetArgs([]string{"GET", "/open-apis/test", "--params", "null", "--page-size", "50", "--as", "bot", "--dry-run"})
 	if err := cmd.Execute(); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("--params null with --page-size should not error, got: %v", err)
@@ -183,7 +98,7 @@ func TestApiCmd_BotMode(t *testing.T) {
 		Body: map[string]interface{}{"code": 0, "msg": "ok", "data": map[string]interface{}{"result": "success"}},
 	})
 
-	cmd := newTestApiCmd(f, nil)
+	cmd := NewCmdApi(f, nil)
 	cmd.SetArgs([]string{"GET", "/open-apis/test", "--as", "bot"})
 	err := cmd.Execute()
 	if err != nil {
@@ -205,49 +120,12 @@ func TestApiCmd_BotMode(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-func TestApiCmd_PrettyFormatsRealResponse(t *testing.T) {
-	f, stdout, _, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{
-		AppID: "test-app-pretty", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: core.BrandFeishu,
-	})
-	reg.Register(&httpmock.Stub{
-		URL: "/open-apis/test",
-		Body: map[string]interface{}{
-			"code": 0,
-			"data": map[string]interface{}{
-				"items": []interface{}{map[string]interface{}{"name": "Alice"}},
-			},
-		},
-	})
-
-	cmd := newTestApiCmd(f, nil)
-	cmd.SetArgs([]string{"GET", "/open-apis/test", "--as", "bot", "--format", "pretty"})
-	if err := cmd.Execute(); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
-	}
-	out := stdout.String()
-	var got map[string]interface{}
-	if err := json.Unmarshal(stdout.Bytes(), &got); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("pretty output should be valid JSON: %v\n%s", err, out)
-	}
-	data, ok := got["data"].(map[string]interface{})
-	if !ok {
-		t.Fatalf("pretty output data = %#v", got["data"])
-	}
-	items, ok := data["items"].([]interface{})
-	if !ok || len(items) != 1 {
-		t.Fatalf("pretty output data.items = %#v", data["items"])
-	}
-	if !strings.Contains(out, "\n  \"data\": {") || strings.Contains(out, "─") {
-		t.Fatalf("pretty output should be indented JSON rather than a table, got:\n%s", out)
-	}
-}
-
 func TestApiCmd_MissingArgs(t *testing.T) {
 	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{
 		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: core.BrandFeishu,
 	})
 
-	cmd := newTestApiCmd(f, nil)
+	cmd := NewCmdApi(f, nil)
 	cmd.SetArgs([]string{"GET"}) // missing path
 	err := cmd.Execute()
 	if err == nil {
@@ -255,28 +133,12 @@ func TestApiCmd_MissingArgs(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-func TestApiCmd_EmptyMethodRejected(t *testing.T) {
-	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{
-		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: core.BrandFeishu,
-	})
-
-	cmd := newTestApiCmd(f, nil)
-	cmd.SetArgs([]string{"", "/open-apis/test", "--as", "bot", "--dry-run"})
-	err := cmd.Execute()
-	if err == nil {
-		t.Fatal("expected validation error for empty HTTP method")
-	}
-	if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "method") {
-		t.Fatalf("error should name the method argument, got: %v", err)
-	}
-}
-
 func TestApiCmd_InvalidParamsJSON(t *testing.T) {
 	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{
 		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: core.BrandFeishu,
 	})
 
-	cmd := newTestApiCmd(f, nil)
+	cmd := NewCmdApi(f, nil)
 	cmd.SetArgs([]string{"GET", "/open-apis/test", "--as", "bot", "--params", "{bad"})
 	err := cmd.Execute()
 	if err == nil {
@@ -289,7 +151,7 @@ func TestApiValidArgsFunction(t *testing.T) {
 		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: core.BrandFeishu,
 	})
 
-	cmd := newTestApiCmd(f, nil)
+	cmd := NewCmdApi(f, nil)
 	fn := cmd.ValidArgsFunction
 
 	tests := []struct {
@@ -355,7 +217,7 @@ func TestNewCmdApi_StrictModeHidesAsFlag(t *testing.T) {
 		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: core.BrandFeishu, SupportedIdentities: 2,
 	})
 
-	cmd := newTestApiCmd(f, nil)
+	cmd := NewCmdApi(f, nil)
 	flag := cmd.Flags().Lookup("as")
 	if flag == nil {
 		t.Fatal("expected --as flag to be registered")
@@ -374,7 +236,7 @@ func TestApiCmd_PageLimitDefault(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 
 	var gotOpts *APIOptions
-	cmd := newTestApiCmd(f, func(opts *APIOptions) error {
+	cmd := NewCmdApi(f, func(opts *APIOptions) error {
 		gotOpts = opts
 		return nil
 	})
@@ -393,7 +255,7 @@ func TestApiCmd_ParamsAndDataBothStdinConflict(t *testing.T) {
 		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: core.BrandFeishu,
 	})
 
-	cmd := newTestApiCmd(f, nil)
+	cmd := NewCmdApi(f, nil)
 	cmd.SetArgs([]string{"POST", "/open-apis/test", "--as", "bot", "--params", "-", "--data", "-"})
 	err := cmd.Execute()
 	if err == nil {
@@ -410,7 +272,7 @@ func TestApiCmd_OutputAndPageAllConflict(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 
 	var gotOpts *APIOptions
-	cmd := newTestApiCmd(f, func(opts *APIOptions) error {
+	cmd := NewCmdApi(f, func(opts *APIOptions) error {
 		gotOpts = opts
 		return apiRun(opts)
 	})
@@ -435,7 +297,7 @@ func TestApiCmd_BinaryResponse_AutoSave(t *testing.T) {
 		ContentType: "application/octet-stream",
 	})
 
-	cmd := newTestApiCmd(f, nil)
+	cmd := NewCmdApi(f, nil)
 	cmd.SetArgs([]string{"GET", "/open-apis/drive/v1/files/xxx/download", "--as", "bot"})
 	err := cmd.Execute()
 	if err != nil {
@@ -466,7 +328,7 @@ func TestApiCmd_PageAll_NonBatchAPI_FallbackToJSON(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	})
 
-	cmd := newTestApiCmd(f, nil)
+	cmd := NewCmdApi(f, nil)
 	cmd.SetArgs([]string{"GET", "/open-apis/contact/v3/users/u123", "--as", "bot", "--page-all", "--format", "ndjson"})
 	err := cmd.Execute()
 	if err != nil {
@@ -506,7 +368,7 @@ func TestApiCmd_PageAll_NonBatchAPI_ErrorStillOutputsJSON(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	})
 
-	cmd := newTestApiCmd(f, nil)
+	cmd := NewCmdApi(f, nil)
 	cmd.SetArgs([]string{"GET", "/open-apis/im/v1/chats/oc_xxx/announcement", "--as", "bot", "--page-all"})
 	err := cmd.Execute()
 	// Should return an error
@@ -547,7 +409,7 @@ func TestApiCmd_PageAll_BatchAPI_StreamsItems(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	})
 
-	cmd := newTestApiCmd(f, nil)
+	cmd := NewCmdApi(f, nil)
 	cmd.SetArgs([]string{"GET", "/open-apis/contact/v3/users", "--as", "bot", "--page-all", "--format", "ndjson"})
 	err := cmd.Execute()
 	if err != nil {
@@ -586,7 +448,7 @@ func TestApiCmd_PageAll_StreamBusinessErrorDoesNotDumpJSON(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	})
 
-	cmd := newTestApiCmd(f, nil)
+	cmd := NewCmdApi(f, nil)
 	cmd.SetArgs([]string{"GET", "/open-apis/contact/v3/users", "--as", "bot", "--page-all", "--format", "ndjson"})
 	err := cmd.Execute()
 	if err == nil {
@@ -621,7 +483,7 @@ func TestApiCmd_PageAll_BatchAPI_DefaultJSONEnvelope(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	})
 
-	cmd := newTestApiCmd(f, nil)
+	cmd := NewCmdApi(f, nil)
 	cmd.SetArgs([]string{"GET", "/open-apis/contact/v3/users", "--as", "bot", "--page-all"})
 	if err := cmd.Execute(); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
@@ -644,46 +506,6 @@ func TestApiCmd_PageAll_BatchAPI_DefaultJSONEnvelope(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-func TestApiCmd_PageAll_PrettyAggregatesIndentedJSON(t *testing.T) {
-	f, stdout, _, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{
-		AppID: "test-app-pageall-pretty", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: core.BrandFeishu,
-	})
-
-	reg.Register(&httpmock.Stub{
-		URL: "/open-apis/contact/v3/users",
-		Body: map[string]interface{}{
-			"code": 0, "msg": "ok",
-			"data": map[string]interface{}{
-				"items":    []interface{}{map[string]interface{}{"id": "1"}},
-				"has_more": false,
-			},
-		},
-	})
-
-	cmd := newTestApiCmd(f, nil)
-	cmd.SetArgs([]string{"GET", "/open-apis/contact/v3/users", "--as", "bot", "--page-all", "--format", "pretty"})
-	if err := cmd.Execute(); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	out := stdout.String()
-	var got map[string]interface{}
-	if err := json.Unmarshal(stdout.Bytes(), &got); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("page-all pretty output should be valid JSON: %v\n%s", err, out)
-	}
-	data, ok := got["data"].(map[string]interface{})
-	if !ok {
-		t.Fatalf("page-all pretty output data = %#v", got["data"])
-	}
-	items, ok := data["items"].([]interface{})
-	if !ok || len(items) != 1 {
-		t.Fatalf("page-all pretty output data.items = %#v", data["items"])
-	}
-	if !strings.Contains(out, "\n  \"data\": {") || strings.Contains(out, "─") {
-		t.Fatalf("page-all pretty output should be aggregated indented JSON, got:\n%s", out)
-	}
-}
-
 type apiContentSafetyProvider struct {
 	called bool
 	path   string
@@ -727,8 +549,8 @@ func TestApiCmd_PageAll_DefaultJSONRunsContentSafety(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	})
 
-	root := newTestRootCmd()
-	root.AddCommand(newTestApiCmd(f, nil))
+	root := &cobra.Command{Use: "lark-cli"}
+	root.AddCommand(NewCmdApi(f, nil))
 	root.SetArgs([]string{"api", "GET", "/open-apis/contact/v3/users", "--as", "bot", "--page-all"})
 	if err := root.Execute(); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
@@ -778,8 +600,8 @@ func TestApiCmd_PageAll_StreamFormatRunsContentSafety(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	})
 
-	root := newTestRootCmd()
-	root.AddCommand(newTestApiCmd(f, nil))
+	root := &cobra.Command{Use: "lark-cli"}
+	root.AddCommand(NewCmdApi(f, nil))
 	root.SetArgs([]string{"api", "GET", "/open-apis/contact/v3/users", "--as", "bot", "--page-all", "--format", "ndjson"})
 	if err := root.Execute(); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
@@ -834,8 +656,8 @@ func TestApiCmd_PageAll_StreamFormatBlockSkipsBlockedPage(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	})
 
-	root := newTestRootCmd()
-	root.AddCommand(newTestApiCmd(f, nil))
+	root := &cobra.Command{Use: "lark-cli"}
+	root.AddCommand(NewCmdApi(f, nil))
 	root.SetArgs([]string{"api", "GET", "/open-apis/contact/v3/users", "--as", "bot", "--page-all", "--format", "ndjson"})
 	err := root.Execute()
 	if err == nil {
@@ -899,7 +721,7 @@ func TestApiCmd_JqFlag_Parsing(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 
 	var gotOpts *APIOptions
-	cmd := newTestApiCmd(f, func(opts *APIOptions) error {
+	cmd := NewCmdApi(f, func(opts *APIOptions) error {
 		gotOpts = opts
 		return nil
 	})
@@ -919,7 +741,7 @@ func TestApiCmd_JqFlag_ShortForm(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 
 	var gotOpts *APIOptions
-	cmd := newTestApiCmd(f, func(opts *APIOptions) error {
+	cmd := NewCmdApi(f, func(opts *APIOptions) error {
 		gotOpts = opts
 		return nil
 	})
@@ -938,7 +760,7 @@ func TestApiCmd_JqAndOutputConflict(t *testing.T) {
 		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: core.BrandFeishu,
 	})
 
-	cmd := newTestApiCmd(f, func(opts *APIOptions) error {
+	cmd := NewCmdApi(f, func(opts *APIOptions) error {
 		return apiRun(opts)
 	})
 	cmd.SetArgs([]string{"GET", "/open-apis/test", "--as", "bot", "--jq", ".data", "--output", "file.bin"})
@@ -969,7 +791,7 @@ func TestApiCmd_JqFilter_AppliesExpression(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	})
 
-	cmd := newTestApiCmd(f, nil)
+	cmd := NewCmdApi(f, nil)
 	cmd.SetArgs([]string{"GET", "/open-apis/test/jq", "--as", "bot", "--jq", ".data.items[].name"})
 	err := cmd.Execute()
 	if err != nil {
@@ -990,7 +812,7 @@ func TestApiCmd_JqAndFormatConflict(t *testing.T) {
 		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: core.BrandFeishu,
 	})
 
-	cmd := newTestApiCmd(f, func(opts *APIOptions) error {
+	cmd := NewCmdApi(f, func(opts *APIOptions) error {
 		return apiRun(opts)
 	})
 	cmd.SetArgs([]string{"GET", "/open-apis/test", "--as", "bot", "--jq", ".data", "--format", "ndjson"})
@@ -1008,7 +830,7 @@ func TestApiCmd_JqInvalidExpression(t *testing.T) {
 		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: core.BrandFeishu,
 	})
 
-	cmd := newTestApiCmd(f, func(opts *APIOptions) error {
+	cmd := NewCmdApi(f, func(opts *APIOptions) error {
 		return apiRun(opts)
 	})
 	cmd.SetArgs([]string{"GET", "/open-apis/test", "--as", "bot", "--jq", "invalid["})
@@ -1037,7 +859,7 @@ func TestApiCmd_PageAll_WithJq(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	})
 
-	cmd := newTestApiCmd(f, nil)
+	cmd := NewCmdApi(f, nil)
 	cmd.SetArgs([]string{"GET", "/open-apis/contact/v3/users", "--as", "bot", "--page-all", "--jq", ".data.items[].id"})
 	err := cmd.Execute()
 	if err != nil {
@@ -1058,7 +880,7 @@ func TestApiCmd_MethodUppercase(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 
 	var gotOpts *APIOptions
-	cmd := newTestApiCmd(f, func(opts *APIOptions) error {
+	cmd := NewCmdApi(f, func(opts *APIOptions) error {
 		gotOpts = opts
 		return nil
 	})
@@ -1077,7 +899,7 @@ func TestApiCmd_FileFlagParsing(t *testing.T) {
 		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: core.BrandFeishu,
 	})
 	var gotOpts *APIOptions
-	cmd := newTestApiCmd(f, func(opts *APIOptions) error {
+	cmd := NewCmdApi(f, func(opts *APIOptions) error {
 		gotOpts = opts
 		return nil
 	})
@@ -1095,7 +917,7 @@ func TestApiCmd_FileAndOutputConflict(t *testing.T) {
 	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{
 		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: core.BrandFeishu,
 	})
-	cmd := newTestApiCmd(f, func(opts *APIOptions) error {
+	cmd := NewCmdApi(f, func(opts *APIOptions) error {
 		return apiRun(opts)
 	})
 	cmd.SetArgs([]string{"POST", "/open-apis/test", "--as", "bot", "--file", "photo.jpg", "--output", "out.json"})
@@ -1112,7 +934,7 @@ func TestApiCmd_FileWithGET(t *testing.T) {
 	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{
 		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: core.BrandFeishu,
 	})
-	cmd := newTestApiCmd(f, func(opts *APIOptions) error {
+	cmd := NewCmdApi(f, func(opts *APIOptions) error {
 		return apiRun(opts)
 	})
 	cmd.SetArgs([]string{"GET", "/open-apis/test", "--as", "bot", "--file", "photo.jpg"})
@@ -1129,7 +951,7 @@ func TestApiCmd_FileStdinConflictWithData(t *testing.T) {
 	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{
 		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: core.BrandFeishu,
 	})
-	cmd := newTestApiCmd(f, func(opts *APIOptions) error {
+	cmd := NewCmdApi(f, func(opts *APIOptions) error {
 		return apiRun(opts)
 	})
 	cmd.SetArgs([]string{"POST", "/open-apis/test", "--as", "bot", "--file", "-", "--data", "-"})
@@ -1152,30 +974,18 @@ func TestApiCmd_DryRunWithFile(t *testing.T) {
 	f, stdout, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{
 		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: core.BrandFeishu,
 	})
-	cmd := newTestApiCmd(f, nil)
+	cmd := NewCmdApi(f, nil)
 	cmd.SetArgs([]string{"POST", "/open-apis/im/v1/images", "--file", "image=" + tmpFile, "--data", `{"image_type":"message"}`, "--dry-run", "--as", "bot"})
 	err := cmd.Execute()
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
 	}
 	out := stdout.String()
-	var env map[string]interface{}
-	if err := json.Unmarshal(stdout.Bytes(), &env); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("dry-run stdout is not JSON: %v\n%s", err, out)
+	if !strings.Contains(out, "image") {
+		t.Errorf("expected dry-run output to mention file field, got: %s", out)
 	}
-	if env["dry_run"] != true {
-		t.Fatalf("dry_run = %#v, want true", env["dry_run"])
-	}
-	data := env["data"].(map[string]interface{})
-	api := data["api"].([]interface{})
-	call := api[0].(map[string]interface{})
-	body := call["body"].(map[string]interface{})
-	file := body["file"].(map[string]interface{})
-	if file["field"] != "image" || file["path"] != tmpFile {
-		t.Fatalf("unexpected file dry-run body: %#v", body)
-	}
-	if strings.Contains(out, "=== Dry Run ===") {
-		t.Fatalf("stdout should not contain dry-run banner: %s", out)
+	if !strings.Contains(out, "Dry Run") {
+		t.Errorf("expected dry-run header, got: %s", out)
 	}
 }
 
@@ -1205,7 +1015,7 @@ func TestApiCmd_PermissionError_DerivesFirstClassFields(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	})
 
-	cmd := newTestApiCmd(f, nil)
+	cmd := NewCmdApi(f, nil)
 	cmd.SetArgs([]string{"GET", "/open-apis/docx/v1/documents/test", "--as", "bot"})
 	err := cmd.Execute()
 	if err == nil {
@@ -1231,7 +1041,7 @@ func TestApiCmd_JsonFlag_Accepted(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 
 	var gotOpts *APIOptions
-	cmd := newTestApiCmd(f, func(opts *APIOptions) error {
+	cmd := NewCmdApi(f, func(opts *APIOptions) error {
 		gotOpts = opts
 		return nil
 	})
@@ -1244,157 +1054,3 @@ func TestApiCmd_JsonFlag_Accepted(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Errorf("expected method GET, got %s", gotOpts.Method)
 	}
 }
-
-// parseMultipartFilenames drives one api --file upload through the mock
-// transport and returns a map of field name -> part filename parsed from the
-// captured multipart body, plus the map of text form fields. It fails the test
-// if the captured request is not multipart/form-data.
-func parseMultipartFilenames(t *testing.T, stub *httpmock.Stub) (map[string]string, map[string]string) {
-	t.Helper()
-	ct := stub.CapturedHeaders.Get("Content-Type")
-	mediaType, params, err := mime.ParseMediaType(ct)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("parse Content-Type %q: %v", ct, err)
-	}
-	if !strings.HasPrefix(mediaType, "multipart/") {
-		t.Fatalf("Content-Type = %q, want multipart/*", mediaType)
-	}
-	filenames := map[string]string{}
-	fields := map[string]string{}
-	mr := multipart.NewReader(bytes.NewReader(stub.CapturedBody), params["boundary"])
-	for {
-		part, err := mr.NextPart()
-		if err != nil {
-			break
-		}
-		if fn := part.FileName(); fn != "" {
-			filenames[part.FormName()] = fn
-		} else {
-			buf := &bytes.Buffer{}
-			_, _ = buf.ReadFrom(part)
-			fields[part.FormName()] = buf.String()
-		}
-	}
-	return filenames, fields
-}
-
-func TestApiCmd_FileUpload_PreservesFilename(t *testing.T) {
-	f, _, _, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{
-		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: core.BrandFeishu,
-	})
-
-	dir := t.TempDir()
-	cmdutil.TestChdir(t, dir)
-	if err := os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(dir, "invoice.pdf"), []byte("%PDF-1.4 fake"), 0600); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("write test file: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	stub := &httpmock.Stub{
-		URL:  "/open-apis/approval/v4/files/upload",
-		Body: map[string]interface{}{"code": 0, "msg": "success", "data": map[string]interface{}{"code": "file_xxx"}},
-	}
-	reg.Register(stub)
-
-	cmd := NewCmdApi(f, nil)
-	cmd.SetArgs([]string{"POST", "/open-apis/approval/v4/files/upload", "--as", "bot", "--file", "invoice.pdf"})
-	if err := cmd.Execute(); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	filenames, _ := parseMultipartFilenames(t, stub)
-	if got := filenames["file"]; got != "invoice.pdf" {
-		t.Fatalf("part filename for field %q = %q, want %q", "file", got, "invoice.pdf")
-	}
-}
-
-func TestApiCmd_FileUpload_FieldPrefixKeepsBasename(t *testing.T) {
-	f, _, _, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{
-		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: core.BrandFeishu,
-	})
-
-	dir := t.TempDir()
-	cmdutil.TestChdir(t, dir)
-	if err := os.MkdirAll(filepath.Join(dir, "sub"), 0700); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("mkdir: %v", err)
-	}
-	if err := os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(dir, "sub", "invoice.pdf"), []byte("%PDF-1.4 fake"), 0600); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("write test file: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	stub := &httpmock.Stub{
-		URL:  "/open-apis/approval/v4/files/upload",
-		Body: map[string]interface{}{"code": 0, "msg": "success", "data": map[string]interface{}{"code": "file_xxx"}},
-	}
-	reg.Register(stub)
-
-	cmd := NewCmdApi(f, nil)
-	cmd.SetArgs([]string{"POST", "/open-apis/approval/v4/files/upload", "--as", "bot", "--file", "upload=sub/invoice.pdf"})
-	if err := cmd.Execute(); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	filenames, _ := parseMultipartFilenames(t, stub)
-	if _, ok := filenames["upload"]; !ok {
-		t.Fatalf("expected field name %q from field=path form, got fields %v", "upload", filenames)
-	}
-	if got := filenames["upload"]; got != "invoice.pdf" {
-		t.Fatalf("part filename for field %q = %q, want %q (basename only)", "upload", got, "invoice.pdf")
-	}
-}
-
-func TestApiCmd_FileUpload_WithDataFields(t *testing.T) {
-	f, _, _, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{
-		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: core.BrandFeishu,
-	})
-
-	dir := t.TempDir()
-	cmdutil.TestChdir(t, dir)
-	if err := os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(dir, "invoice.pdf"), []byte("%PDF-1.4 fake"), 0600); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("write test file: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	stub := &httpmock.Stub{
-		URL:  "/open-apis/approval/v4/files/upload",
-		Body: map[string]interface{}{"code": 0, "msg": "success", "data": map[string]interface{}{"code": "file_xxx"}},
-	}
-	reg.Register(stub)
-
-	cmd := NewCmdApi(f, nil)
-	cmd.SetArgs([]string{"POST", "/open-apis/approval/v4/files/upload", "--as", "bot",
-		"--file", "invoice.pdf", "--data", `{"type":"attachment"}`})
-	if err := cmd.Execute(); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	filenames, fields := parseMultipartFilenames(t, stub)
-	if got := filenames["file"]; got != "invoice.pdf" {
-		t.Fatalf("part filename = %q, want %q", got, "invoice.pdf")
-	}
-	if got := fields["type"]; got != "attachment" {
-		t.Fatalf("text field type = %q, want %q", got, "attachment")
-	}
-}
-
-func TestApiCmd_FileUpload_StdinFallsBackToUnknown(t *testing.T) {
-	f, _, _, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{
-		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: core.BrandFeishu,
-	})
-	f.IOStreams.In = bytes.NewReader([]byte("stdin-bytes"))
-
-	stub := &httpmock.Stub{
-		URL:  "/open-apis/approval/v4/files/upload",
-		Body: map[string]interface{}{"code": 0, "msg": "success", "data": map[string]interface{}{"code": "file_xxx"}},
-	}
-	reg.Register(stub)
-
-	cmd := NewCmdApi(f, nil)
-	cmd.SetArgs([]string{"POST", "/open-apis/approval/v4/files/upload", "--as", "bot", "--file", "-"})
-	if err := cmd.Execute(); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	filenames, _ := parseMultipartFilenames(t, stub)
-	if got := filenames["file"]; got != "unknown-file" {
-		t.Fatalf("stdin part filename = %q, want %q (no stable local name, fallback)", got, "unknown-file")
-	}
-}

cmd/auth/auth_test.go

@@ -355,31 +355,7 @@ func TestAuthScopesCmd_FlagParsing(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-func TestAuthScopesCmd_JSONShorthand(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", t.TempDir())
-	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{
-		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: core.BrandFeishu,
-	})
-
-	var gotOpts *ScopesOptions
-	cmd := NewCmdAuthScopes(f, func(opts *ScopesOptions) error {
-		gotOpts = opts
-		return nil
-	})
-	cmd.SetArgs([]string{"--json"})
-	if err := cmd.Execute(); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
-	}
-	if gotOpts == nil {
-		t.Fatal("expected options to be captured")
-	}
-	if !gotOpts.JSON || gotOpts.Format != "json" {
-		t.Fatalf("JSON = %v, format = %q; want true, json", gotOpts.JSON, gotOpts.Format)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestAuthScopesCmd_ExplicitFormatWinsOverJSONShorthand(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", t.TempDir())
+func TestAuthScopesCmd_JSONFlagForcesJSONFormat(t *testing.T) {
 	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{
 		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: core.BrandFeishu,
 	})
@@ -400,8 +376,8 @@ func TestAuthScopesCmd_ExplicitFormatWinsOverJSONShorthand(t *testing.T) {
 	if !gotOpts.JSON {
 		t.Error("expected JSON=true")
 	}
-	if gotOpts.Format != "pretty" {
-		t.Errorf("expected explicit format pretty, got %s", gotOpts.Format)
+	if gotOpts.Format != "json" {
+		t.Errorf("expected format json, got %s", gotOpts.Format)
 	}
 }
 

cmd/auth/login_messages.go

@@ -128,5 +128,5 @@ func getLoginMsg(lang i18n.Lang) *loginMsg {
 // (not backed by from_meta service specs). Descriptions are now centralized in
 // service_descriptions.json.
 func getShortcutOnlyDomainNames() []string {
-	return []string{"application", "base", "contact", "docs", "markdown", "apps", "note"}
+	return []string{"base", "contact", "docs", "markdown", "apps", "note"}
 }

cmd/auth/scopes.go

@@ -31,11 +31,9 @@ func NewCmdAuthScopes(f *cmdutil.Factory, runF func(*ScopesOptions) error) *cobr
 		Short: "Query scopes enabled for the app",
 		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 			opts.Ctx = cmd.Context()
-			format, err := output.JSONPrettyFormats.Resolve(opts.Format, cmd.Flags().Changed("format"), opts.JSON)
-			if err != nil {
-				return err
+			if opts.JSON {
+				opts.Format = "json"
 			}
-			opts.Format = format
 			if runF != nil {
 				return runF(opts)
 			}
@@ -43,11 +41,8 @@ func NewCmdAuthScopes(f *cmdutil.Factory, runF func(*ScopesOptions) error) *cobr
 		},
 	}
 
-	cmd.Flags().StringVar(&opts.Format, "format", "json", output.JSONPrettyFormats.Usage())
-	cmd.Flags().BoolVar(&opts.JSON, "json", false, "shorthand for --format json")
-	cmdutil.RegisterFlagCompletion(cmd, "format", func(_ *cobra.Command, _ []string, _ string) ([]string, cobra.ShellCompDirective) {
-		return output.JSONPrettyFormats.Names(), cobra.ShellCompDirectiveNoFileComp
-	})
+	cmd.Flags().StringVar(&opts.Format, "format", "json", "output format: json (default) | pretty")
+	cmd.Flags().BoolVar(&opts.JSON, "json", false, "structured JSON output")
 	cmdutil.SetRisk(cmd, "read")
 
 	return cmd
@@ -80,10 +75,10 @@ func authScopesRun(opts *ScopesOptions) error {
 			"failed to get app scope info: %v", err).WithCause(err)
 	}
 	if opts.Format == "pretty" {
-		fmt.Fprintf(f.IOStreams.Out, "App ID: %s\n", config.AppID)
-		fmt.Fprintf(f.IOStreams.Out, "Enabled scopes (%d):\n\n", len(appInfo.UserScopes))
+		fmt.Fprintf(f.IOStreams.ErrOut, "App ID: %s\n", config.AppID)
+		fmt.Fprintf(f.IOStreams.ErrOut, "Enabled scopes (%d):\n\n", len(appInfo.UserScopes))
 		for _, s := range appInfo.UserScopes {
-			fmt.Fprintf(f.IOStreams.Out, "  • %s\n", s)
+			fmt.Fprintf(f.IOStreams.ErrOut, "  • %s\n", s)
 		}
 	} else {
 		output.PrintJson(f.IOStreams.Out, map[string]interface{}{

cmd/auth/scopes_test.go

@@ -4,11 +4,9 @@
 package auth
 
 import (
-	"bytes"
 	"context"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
-	"strings"
 	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
@@ -28,35 +26,6 @@ func stubGetAppInfoErr(t *testing.T, errToReturn error) {
 	t.Cleanup(func() { getAppInfoFn = prev })
 }
 
-func TestAuthScopesRun_PrettyWritesBulletedScopesToStdout(t *testing.T) {
-	prev := getAppInfoFn
-	getAppInfoFn = func(ctx context.Context, f *cmdutil.Factory, appId string) (*appInfo, error) {
-		return &appInfo{UserScopes: []string{"im:message"}}, nil
-	}
-	t.Cleanup(func() { getAppInfoFn = prev })
-
-	opts := scopesTestFactory(t)
-	opts.Format = "pretty"
-	out, ok := opts.Factory.IOStreams.Out.(*bytes.Buffer)
-	if !ok {
-		t.Fatalf("stdout type = %T, want *bytes.Buffer", opts.Factory.IOStreams.Out)
-	}
-	errOut, ok := opts.Factory.IOStreams.ErrOut.(*bytes.Buffer)
-	if !ok {
-		t.Fatalf("stderr type = %T, want *bytes.Buffer", opts.Factory.IOStreams.ErrOut)
-	}
-
-	if err := authScopesRun(opts); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
-	}
-	if !strings.Contains(out.String(), "  • im:message\n") {
-		t.Fatalf("stdout missing bulleted scope: %q", out.String())
-	}
-	if strings.Contains(errOut.String(), "im:message") {
-		t.Fatalf("scope should remain on stdout, stderr = %q", errOut.String())
-	}
-}
-
 // scopesTestFactory builds a Factory + ScopesOptions pair sufficient to drive
 // authScopesRun. Config has a non-empty AppID so we get past the config gate
 // and reach the getAppInfoFn call.

cmd/build.go

@@ -25,10 +25,8 @@ import (
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/build"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdpolicy"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/hook"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/keychain"
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/registry"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/shortcuts"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 )
@@ -44,18 +42,6 @@ type buildConfig struct {
 	skipStrictMode bool
 	skipService    bool
 	serviceCatalog *apicatalog.Catalog
-	startupBrand   core.LarkBrand
-}
-
-// WithStartupBrand initializes the API registry with the given brand before
-// any command registration touches the runtime catalog. Without it the
-// registry's sync.Once locks onto the Feishu default at first catalog access,
-// long before the lazily-resolved config brand is known — see
-// ResolveStartupBrand for the caller-side resolution.
-func WithStartupBrand(brand core.LarkBrand) BuildOption {
-	return func(c *buildConfig) {
-		c.startupBrand = brand
-	}
 }
 
 // WithIO sets the IO streams for the CLI by wrapping raw reader/writers.
@@ -168,12 +154,6 @@ func buildInternal(ctx context.Context, inv cmdutil.InvocationContext, opts ...B
 		cfg.streams = cmdutil.SystemIO()
 	}
 
-	// Initialize the registry brand before anything touches the runtime
-	// catalog (its sync.Once would otherwise lock onto the Feishu default).
-	if cfg.startupBrand != "" {
-		registry.InitWithBrand(cfg.startupBrand)
-	}
-
 	f := cmdutil.NewDefault(cfg.streams, inv)
 	if cfg.keychain != nil {
 		f.Keychain = cfg.keychain
@@ -234,7 +214,6 @@ func buildInternal(ctx context.Context, inv cmdutil.InvocationContext, opts ...B
 	groupRootCommands(rootCmd)
 
 	installUnknownSubcommandGuard(rootCmd)
-	installCobraValidationGuards(rootCmd)
 	// Bare `lark-cli` in an interactive terminal offers an interactive upgrade
 	// before printing help; non-bare invocations and non-TTY are unaffected.
 	installRootUpgradePrompt(f, rootCmd)

cmd/build_test.go

@@ -4,15 +4,11 @@
 package cmd
 
 import (
-	"bytes"
 	"context"
-	"errors"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
 
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/output"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 )
 
@@ -30,85 +26,6 @@ func TestBuildWithoutPluginsStillBuildsBuiltinCommands(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-func buildValidationTestRoot(t *testing.T) *cobra.Command {
-	t.Helper()
-	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", t.TempDir())
-	return Build(context.Background(), cmdutil.InvocationContext{},
-		WithIO(strings.NewReader(""), &bytes.Buffer{}, &bytes.Buffer{}),
-		WithoutPlugins(),
-		WithoutServiceCommands(),
-		WithoutStrictMode(),
-	)
-}
-
-func TestBuiltRoot_TopLevelTypoReturnsStructuredSuggestion(t *testing.T) {
-	root := buildValidationTestRoot(t)
-	root.SetArgs([]string{"imm"})
-
-	err := root.Execute()
-	var validationErr *errs.ValidationError
-	if !errors.As(err, &validationErr) {
-		t.Fatalf("expected *errs.ValidationError, got %T: %v", err, err)
-	}
-	if len(validationErr.Params) != 1 || validationErr.Params[0].Name != "imm" {
-		t.Fatalf("params = %v, want one entry named imm", validationErr.Params)
-	}
-	found := false
-	for _, candidate := range validationErr.Params[0].Suggestions {
-		if candidate == "im" {
-			found = true
-		}
-	}
-	if !found {
-		t.Fatalf("suggestions = %v, want im", validationErr.Params[0].Suggestions)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestBuiltRoot_SheetsOneRequiredGroupReturnsValidationExit(t *testing.T) {
-	root := buildValidationTestRoot(t)
-	root.SetArgs([]string{
-		"sheets", "+csv-put",
-		"--url", "https://example.com/sheets/token",
-		"--sheet-name", "Sheet1",
-		"--csv", "a,b",
-	})
-
-	err := root.Execute()
-	problem, ok := errs.ProblemOf(err)
-	if !ok {
-		t.Fatalf("expected typed problem, got %T: %v", err, err)
-	}
-	if problem.Category != errs.CategoryValidation || problem.Subtype != errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument {
-		t.Fatalf("problem = %s/%s, want validation/invalid_argument", problem.Category, problem.Subtype)
-	}
-	if got := output.ExitCodeOf(err); got != output.ExitValidation {
-		t.Fatalf("exit code = %d, want %d", got, output.ExitValidation)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestBuiltRoot_MailUnknownFlagUsesSharedSuggestions(t *testing.T) {
-	root := buildValidationTestRoot(t)
-	root.SetArgs([]string{"mail", "+send", "--tos", "alice@example.com"})
-
-	err := root.Execute()
-	var validationErr *errs.ValidationError
-	if !errors.As(err, &validationErr) {
-		t.Fatalf("expected *errs.ValidationError, got %T: %v", err, err)
-	}
-	if len(validationErr.Params) != 1 || validationErr.Params[0].Name != "--tos" {
-		t.Fatalf("params = %v, want one entry named --tos", validationErr.Params)
-	}
-	found := false
-	for _, candidate := range validationErr.Params[0].Suggestions {
-		if candidate == "--to" {
-			found = true
-		}
-	}
-	if !found {
-		t.Fatalf("suggestions = %v, want --to", validationErr.Params[0].Suggestions)
-	}
-}
-
 func findCommand(root *cobra.Command, path string) *cobra.Command {
 	parts := strings.Fields(path)
 	cmd := root

cmd/config/bind_test.go

@@ -916,6 +916,25 @@ func TestReadDotenv_ValueWithEquals(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestNormalizeBrand(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		input string
+		want  string
+	}{
+		{"", "feishu"},
+		{"feishu", "feishu"},
+		{"lark", "lark"},
+		{"LARK", "lark"},
+		{" lark ", "lark"},
+		{"Lark", "lark"},
+	}
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		if got := normalizeBrand(tt.input); got != tt.want {
+			t.Errorf("normalizeBrand(%q) = %q, want %q", tt.input, got, tt.want)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 func TestResolveOpenClawConfigPath_Overrides(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Run("OPENCLAW_CONFIG_PATH wins", func(t *testing.T) {
 		custom := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "custom.json")

cmd/config/binder.go

@@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ func (b *openclawBinder) Build(appID string) (*core.AppConfig, error) {
 	return &core.AppConfig{
 		AppId:     selected.AppID,
 		AppSecret: stored,
-		Brand:     core.ParseBrand(selected.Brand),
+		Brand:     core.LarkBrand(normalizeBrand(selected.Brand)),
 	}, nil
 }
 
@@ -261,7 +261,7 @@ func (b *hermesBinder) Build(appID string) (*core.AppConfig, error) {
 	return &core.AppConfig{
 		AppId:     appID,
 		AppSecret: stored,
-		Brand:     core.ParseBrand(b.envMap["FEISHU_DOMAIN"]),
+		Brand:     core.LarkBrand(normalizeBrand(b.envMap["FEISHU_DOMAIN"])),
 	}, nil
 }
 
@@ -326,7 +326,7 @@ func (b *larkChannelBinder) Build(appID string) (*core.AppConfig, error) {
 	return &core.AppConfig{
 		AppId:     appID,
 		AppSecret: stored,
-		Brand:     core.ParseBrand(b.cfg.Accounts.App.Tenant),
+		Brand:     core.LarkBrand(normalizeBrand(b.cfg.Accounts.App.Tenant)),
 	}, nil
 }
 
@@ -350,6 +350,16 @@ func sourceDisplayName(source string) string {
 	}
 }
 
+// normalizeBrand applies .strip().lower() and defaults to "feishu".
+// Aligns with Hermes gateway/platforms/feishu.py:1119 behavior.
+func normalizeBrand(raw string) string {
+	s := strings.TrimSpace(strings.ToLower(raw))
+	if s == "" {
+		return "feishu"
+	}
+	return s
+}
+
 // resolveHermesEnvPath returns the path to Hermes's .env file.
 // Respects HERMES_HOME override; defaults to ~/.hermes/.env.
 //

cmd/config/init_interactive.go

@@ -5,9 +5,7 @@ package config
 
 import (
 	"context"
-	"errors"
 	"fmt"
-	"net"
 
 	"github.com/charmbracelet/huh"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/build"
@@ -182,9 +180,9 @@ func runCreateAppFlow(ctx context.Context, f *cmdutil.Factory, brandOverride cor
 	// Use the shared proxy-plugin-aware transport so registration traffic is not
 	// a bypass of proxy plugin mode.
 	httpClient := transport.NewHTTPClient(0)
-	authResp, err := larkauth.RequestAppRegistration(ctx, httpClient, larkBrand, f.IOStreams.ErrOut)
+	authResp, err := larkauth.RequestAppRegistration(httpClient, larkBrand, f.IOStreams.ErrOut)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, classifyRegistrationBeginError(err)
+		return nil, errs.NewConfigError(errs.SubtypeInvalidClient, "app registration failed: %v", err).WithCause(err)
 	}
 
 	// Step 2: Build and display verification URL + QR code
@@ -210,17 +208,33 @@ func runCreateAppFlow(ctx context.Context, f *cmdutil.Factory, brandOverride cor
 		fmt.Fprintf(f.IOStreams.ErrOut, "  %s\n\n", verificationURL)
 		fmt.Fprintf(f.IOStreams.ErrOut, "%s\n", msg.WaitingForScanNonTTY)
 	}
-	// Step 4: Poll for credentials (brand discovery lives in internal/auth);
-	// this layer only classifies the terminal error and saves the result.
-	result, finalBrand, err := larkauth.RegisterAppWithDiscovery(ctx, httpClient, authResp, f.IOStreams.ErrOut)
+	result, err := larkauth.PollAppRegistration(ctx, httpClient, core.BrandFeishu, authResp.DeviceCode, authResp.Interval, authResp.ExpiresIn, f.IOStreams.ErrOut)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, classifyRegistrationError(err)
+		return nil, errs.NewAuthenticationError(errs.SubtypeUnknown, "%v", err).WithCause(err)
+	}
+
+	// Step 4: Handle Lark brand special case
+	// If tenant_brand=lark and no client_secret, retry with lark brand endpoint
+	if result.ClientSecret == "" && result.UserInfo != nil && result.UserInfo.TenantBrand == "lark" {
+		// fmt.Fprintf(f.IOStreams.ErrOut, "%s\n", msg.DetectedLarkTenant)
+		result, err = larkauth.PollAppRegistration(ctx, httpClient, core.BrandLark, authResp.DeviceCode, authResp.Interval, authResp.ExpiresIn, f.IOStreams.ErrOut)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, errs.NewNetworkError(errs.SubtypeNetworkTransport, "lark endpoint retry failed: %v", err).WithCause(err)
+		}
 	}
 
 	if result.ClientID == "" || result.ClientSecret == "" {
 		return nil, errs.NewConfigError(errs.SubtypeInvalidClient, "app registration succeeded but missing client_id or client_secret")
 	}
 
+	// Determine final brand from response
+	finalBrand := larkBrand
+	if result.UserInfo != nil && result.UserInfo.TenantBrand == "lark" {
+		finalBrand = core.BrandLark
+	} else if result.UserInfo != nil && result.UserInfo.TenantBrand == "feishu" {
+		finalBrand = core.BrandFeishu
+	}
+
 	fmt.Fprintln(f.IOStreams.ErrOut)
 	output.PrintSuccess(f.IOStreams.ErrOut, fmt.Sprintf(msg.AppCreated, result.ClientID))
 
@@ -231,40 +245,3 @@ func runCreateAppFlow(ctx context.Context, f *cmdutil.Factory, brandOverride cor
 		AppSecret: result.ClientSecret,
 	}, nil
 }
-
-// classifyRegistrationBeginError keeps transport/cancellation failures out of
-// the invalid-client category: the begin request sends no app credentials.
-func classifyRegistrationBeginError(err error) error {
-	switch {
-	case errors.Is(err, context.Canceled):
-		return errs.NewAuthenticationError(errs.SubtypeUnknown, "app registration cancelled").WithCause(err)
-	case errors.Is(err, context.DeadlineExceeded):
-		return errs.NewNetworkError(errs.SubtypeNetworkTimeout, "app registration begin timed out: %v", err).WithCause(err)
-	}
-	var netErr net.Error
-	if errors.As(err, &netErr) {
-		subtype := errs.SubtypeNetworkTransport
-		if netErr.Timeout() {
-			subtype = errs.SubtypeNetworkTimeout
-		}
-		return errs.NewNetworkError(subtype, "app registration begin failed: %v", err).WithCause(err)
-	}
-	return errs.NewAPIError(errs.SubtypeUnknown, "app registration begin failed: %v", err).WithCause(err)
-}
-
-// classifyRegistrationError maps registration terminal outcomes to typed
-// errors, preserving causes.
-func classifyRegistrationError(err error) error {
-	switch {
-	case errors.Is(err, larkauth.ErrRegistrationDenied):
-		return errs.NewAuthenticationError(errs.SubtypeUnknown, "%v", err).
-			WithHint("re-run `lark-cli config init --new` and approve the authorization request").
-			WithCause(err)
-	case errors.Is(err, larkauth.ErrRegistrationExpired), errors.Is(err, larkauth.ErrRegistrationTimedOut):
-		return errs.NewAuthenticationError(errs.SubtypeTokenExpired, "%v", err).
-			WithHint("re-run `lark-cli config init --new` and complete the scan before the code expires").
-			WithCause(err)
-	default:
-		return errs.NewAuthenticationError(errs.SubtypeUnknown, "app registration failed: %v", err).WithCause(err)
-	}
-}

cmd/config/init_interactive_test.go

@@ -1,70 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
-
-package config
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"errors"
-	"net"
-	"testing"
-
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
-	larkauth "github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/auth"
-)
-
-func assertRegistrationProblem(t *testing.T, got, cause error, category errs.Category, subtype errs.Subtype) *errs.Problem {
-	t.Helper()
-	p, ok := errs.ProblemOf(got)
-	if !ok {
-		t.Fatalf("error %T is not typed: %v", got, got)
-	}
-	if p.Category != category || p.Subtype != subtype {
-		t.Errorf("problem = (%q, %q), want (%q, %q)", p.Category, p.Subtype, category, subtype)
-	}
-	if !errors.Is(got, cause) {
-		t.Errorf("error %v does not preserve cause %v", got, cause)
-	}
-	return p
-}
-
-func TestClassifyRegistrationBeginError(t *testing.T) {
-	tests := []struct {
-		name     string
-		err      error
-		category errs.Category
-		subtype  errs.Subtype
-	}{
-		{"cancelled", context.Canceled, errs.CategoryAuthentication, errs.SubtypeUnknown},
-		{"deadline", context.DeadlineExceeded, errs.CategoryNetwork, errs.SubtypeNetworkTimeout},
-		{"transport", &net.DNSError{Err: "lookup failed", Name: "accounts.example"}, errs.CategoryNetwork, errs.SubtypeNetworkTransport},
-		{"response", errors.New("response not JSON"), errs.CategoryAPI, errs.SubtypeUnknown},
-	}
-	for _, tt := range tests {
-		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			assertRegistrationProblem(t, classifyRegistrationBeginError(tt.err), tt.err, tt.category, tt.subtype)
-		})
-	}
-}
-
-func TestClassifyRegistrationError(t *testing.T) {
-	tests := []struct {
-		name    string
-		err     error
-		subtype errs.Subtype
-		hint    bool
-	}{
-		{"denied", larkauth.ErrRegistrationDenied, errs.SubtypeUnknown, true},
-		{"expired", larkauth.ErrRegistrationExpired, errs.SubtypeTokenExpired, true},
-		{"timed-out", larkauth.ErrRegistrationTimedOut, errs.SubtypeTokenExpired, true},
-		{"cancelled", context.Canceled, errs.SubtypeUnknown, false},
-	}
-	for _, tt := range tests {
-		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			p := assertRegistrationProblem(t, classifyRegistrationError(tt.err), tt.err, errs.CategoryAuthentication, tt.subtype)
-			if (p.Hint != "") != tt.hint {
-				t.Errorf("hint = %q, want non-empty=%v", p.Hint, tt.hint)
-			}
-		})
-	}
-}

cmd/event/schema_test.go

@@ -96,40 +96,6 @@ func TestRunSchema_JSONOutput(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-func TestRunSchema_ReceiveMessageAgentFieldsJSON(t *testing.T) {
-	f, stdout, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{AppID: "test"})
-
-	if err := runSchema(f, "im.message.receive_v1", true); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("runSchema json: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	var payload map[string]interface{}
-	if err := json.Unmarshal(stdout.Bytes(), &payload); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("output is not valid JSON: %v\n%s", err, stdout.String())
-	}
-	resolved := payload["resolved_output_schema"].(map[string]interface{})
-	props := resolved["properties"].(map[string]interface{})
-	for _, field := range []string{
-		"root_id",
-		"thread_id",
-		"reply_to",
-		"sender_type",
-		"mentions",
-	} {
-		if _, ok := props[field]; !ok {
-			t.Errorf("receive schema missing field %q", field)
-		}
-	}
-	msgDesc := props["message_id"].(map[string]interface{})["description"].(string)
-	if !strings.Contains(msgDesc, "Recommended idempotency key") {
-		t.Errorf("message_id description should guide deduplication, got %q", msgDesc)
-	}
-	eventDesc := props["event_id"].(map[string]interface{})["description"].(string)
-	if strings.Contains(eventDesc, "safe for deduplication") {
-		t.Errorf("event_id description should not recommend deduplication, got %q", eventDesc)
-	}
-}
-
 func TestRunSchema_TaskUpdateUserAccessJSON(t *testing.T) {
 	f, stdout, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{AppID: "test"})
 

cmd/flag_suggest_test.go

@@ -4,23 +4,35 @@
 package cmd
 
 import (
+	"context"
 	"errors"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdmeta"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/output"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 )
 
-func parseFlagError(t *testing.T, c *cobra.Command, args ...string) error {
-	t.Helper()
-	err := c.Flags().Parse(args)
-	if err == nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Parse(%v) returned nil", args)
+func TestUnknownFlagName(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := []struct {
+		in   string
+		name string
+		ok   bool
+	}{
+		{"unknown flag: --query", "query", true},
+		{"unknown flag: --with-styles", "with-styles", true},
+		{"unknown shorthand flag: 'z' in -z", "", false},
+		{"flag needs an argument: --find", "", false},
+		{`invalid argument "x" for "--count"`, "", false},
+	}
+	for _, c := range cases {
+		name, ok := unknownFlagName(errors.New(c.in))
+		if name != c.name || ok != c.ok {
+			t.Errorf("unknownFlagName(%q) = (%q,%v), want (%q,%v)", c.in, name, ok, c.name, c.ok)
+		}
 	}
-	return err
 }
 
 func TestFlagDidYouMean_UnknownFlagSuggestsAndListsValid(t *testing.T) {
@@ -29,7 +41,7 @@ func TestFlagDidYouMean_UnknownFlagSuggestsAndListsValid(t *testing.T) {
 	c.Flags().String("find", "", "")
 	c.Flags().Bool("dry-run", false, "")
 
-	err := flagDidYouMean(c, parseFlagError(t, c, "--rang")) // typo of --range
+	err := flagDidYouMean(c, errors.New("unknown flag: --rang")) // typo of --range
 	var verr *errs.ValidationError
 	if !errors.As(err, &verr) {
 		t.Fatalf("expected *errs.ValidationError, got %T", err)
@@ -70,88 +82,59 @@ func TestFlagDidYouMean_UnknownFlagSuggestsAndListsValid(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestFlagDidYouMean_WikiNodeGetSuggestsNodeToken(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_REMOTE_META", "off")
+	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", t.TempDir())
+
+	root := Build(context.Background(), cmdutil.InvocationContext{}, WithoutPlugins())
+	root.SetArgs([]string{
+		"wiki", "+node-get",
+		"--node", "https://feishu.cn/wiki/wikcnABC",
+		"--as", "user",
+	})
+
+	err := root.Execute()
+	var verr *errs.ValidationError
+	if !errors.As(err, &verr) {
+		t.Fatalf("expected *errs.ValidationError, got %T (%v)", err, err)
+	}
+	if len(verr.Params) != 1 || verr.Params[0].Name != "--node" {
+		t.Fatalf("Params = %v, want one entry named --node", verr.Params)
+	}
+	found := false
+	for _, s := range verr.Params[0].Suggestions {
+		if s == "--node-token" {
+			found = true
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	if !found {
+		t.Fatalf("Params[0].Suggestions = %v, want --node-token", verr.Params[0].Suggestions)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(verr.Hint, "--node-token") {
+		t.Fatalf("hint = %q, want --node-token", verr.Hint)
+	}
+}
+
 func TestFlagDidYouMean_OtherErrorStaysGeneric(t *testing.T) {
 	c := &cobra.Command{Use: "demo"}
-	c.Flags().String("find", "", "")
-	err := flagDidYouMean(c, parseFlagError(t, c, "--find"))
+	err := flagDidYouMean(c, errors.New("flag needs an argument: --find"))
 	var verr *errs.ValidationError
 	if !errors.As(err, &verr) {
 		t.Fatalf("expected *errs.ValidationError, got %T", err)
 	}
-	// Non-unknown-flag errors retain the same validation shape and identify the
-	// flag from pflag's typed ValueRequiredError.
+	// Non-unknown-flag errors stay generic: invalid_argument subtype, no
+	// structured param, generic --help hint (no "did you mean" suggestion).
 	if verr.Subtype != errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument {
 		t.Errorf("subtype = %q, want invalid_argument (non-unknown-flag errors stay generic)", verr.Subtype)
 	}
 	if code := output.ExitCodeOf(err); code != output.ExitValidation {
 		t.Errorf("exit code = %d, want %d (ExitValidation)", code, output.ExitValidation)
 	}
-	if len(verr.Params) != 1 || verr.Params[0].Name != "--find" {
-		t.Errorf("Params=%v, want one entry named --find", verr.Params)
+	if verr.Param != "" || len(verr.Params) != 0 {
+		t.Errorf("Param=%q Params=%v, want both empty for generic flag error", verr.Param, verr.Params)
 	}
 	if strings.Contains(verr.Hint, "did you mean") {
 		t.Errorf("generic flag error must not produce a did-you-mean hint, got %q", verr.Hint)
 	}
 }
-
-func TestFlagDidYouMean_SheetsListsVisibleFlags(t *testing.T) {
-	root := &cobra.Command{Use: "root"}
-	sheets := &cobra.Command{Use: "sheets"}
-	cmdmeta.SetDomain(sheets, "sheets")
-	root.AddCommand(sheets)
-	sheets.Flags().String("range", "", "")
-	sheets.Flags().Int("width", 0, "")
-
-	err := flagDidYouMean(sheets, parseFlagError(t, sheets, "--cols"))
-	var validationErr *errs.ValidationError
-	if !errors.As(err, &validationErr) {
-		t.Fatalf("expected *errs.ValidationError, got %T", err)
-	}
-	for _, want := range []string{"--range", "--width"} {
-		if !strings.Contains(validationErr.Hint, want) {
-			t.Errorf("hint should include %q, got %q", want, validationErr.Hint)
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-func TestFlagDidYouMean_InvalidValueTypedError(t *testing.T) {
-	c := &cobra.Command{Use: "demo"}
-	c.Flags().Int("width", 0, "")
-
-	// A non-numeric value for a typed flag surfaces pflag's InvalidValueError.
-	err := flagDidYouMean(c, parseFlagError(t, c, "--width=abc"))
-	var verr *errs.ValidationError
-	if !errors.As(err, &verr) {
-		t.Fatalf("expected *errs.ValidationError, got %T", err)
-	}
-	if verr.Subtype != errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument {
-		t.Errorf("subtype = %q, want invalid_argument", verr.Subtype)
-	}
-	if code := output.ExitCodeOf(err); code != output.ExitValidation {
-		t.Errorf("exit code = %d, want %d (ExitValidation)", code, output.ExitValidation)
-	}
-	if len(verr.Params) != 1 || verr.Params[0].Name != "--width" || verr.Params[0].Reason != "invalid flag value" {
-		t.Errorf("Params = %v, want one --width entry with reason 'invalid flag value'", verr.Params)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestFlagDidYouMean_InvalidSyntaxTypedError(t *testing.T) {
-	c := &cobra.Command{Use: "demo"}
-	c.Flags().String("range", "", "")
-
-	// An empty flag name is bad flag syntax and surfaces pflag's InvalidSyntaxError.
-	err := flagDidYouMean(c, parseFlagError(t, c, "--=oops"))
-	var verr *errs.ValidationError
-	if !errors.As(err, &verr) {
-		t.Fatalf("expected *errs.ValidationError, got %T", err)
-	}
-	if verr.Subtype != errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument {
-		t.Errorf("subtype = %q, want invalid_argument", verr.Subtype)
-	}
-	if code := output.ExitCodeOf(err); code != output.ExitValidation {
-		t.Errorf("exit code = %d, want %d (ExitValidation)", code, output.ExitValidation)
-	}
-	if len(verr.Params) != 1 || verr.Params[0].Reason != "invalid flag syntax" {
-		t.Errorf("Params = %v, want one entry with reason 'invalid flag syntax'", verr.Params)
-	}
-}

cmd/root.go

@@ -107,7 +107,6 @@ func Execute() int {
 		ctx, inv,
 		WithIO(os.Stdin, os.Stdout, os.Stderr),
 		HideProfile(isSingleAppMode()),
-		WithStartupBrand(ResolveStartupBrand(inv.Profile)),
 	)
 
 	// --- Notices (non-blocking) ---
@@ -241,10 +240,10 @@ func configureFlagCompletions(args []string) {
 //     dispatcher no longer promotes any legacy shape here.
 //  2. PartialFailure / BareError signals: the result envelope is already on
 //     stdout; honor the exit code and write nothing to stderr.
-//  3. Any untyped error that reaches this boundary is an internal fault.
-//     Cobra argument, required-flag and flag-group errors are typed at their
-//     execution stages by installCobraValidationGuards; flag parse errors are
-//     typed by the root FlagErrorFunc.
+//  3. Residual cobra usage errors (missing required flag, unknown command,
+//     argument validation): typed as an invalid_argument envelope (exit 2),
+//     matching the explicit flag/subcommand guards. Flag parse errors are
+//     already typed upstream by the root FlagErrorFunc.
 func handleRootError(f *cmdutil.Factory, err error) int {
 	errOut := f.IOStreams.ErrOut
 
@@ -283,14 +282,57 @@ func handleRootError(f *cmdutil.Factory, err error) int {
 		return bareErr.Code
 	}
 
-	// Every user-input stage is typed before execution. A bare error here has
-	// crossed that boundary unexpectedly and must remain visible as an internal
-	// fault instead of being guessed from English message fragments.
-	fallback := errs.NewInternalError(errs.SubtypeUnknown, "%s", err.Error()).WithCause(err)
+	// Errors reaching here are untyped: every RunE returns a typed errs.* error
+	// and flag-parse errors are typed by the root FlagErrorFunc. The remainder
+	// is either a cobra usage mistake (missing required flag, unknown command,
+	// wrong arg count), which cobra surfaces as a plain error identified by its
+	// stable text — the same external contract unknownFlagName relies on — or an
+	// untyped error that leaked past the typed boundary. Classify the former as
+	// invalid_argument (exit 2, like the explicit guards); treat the latter as an
+	// internal fault (exit 5) rather than blaming the user's input. The message
+	// is preserved either way, and the typed envelope still carries any pending
+	// deprecation notice.
+	var fallback error
+	if isCobraUsageError(err) {
+		fallback = errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, "%s", err.Error())
+	} else {
+		fallback = errs.NewInternalError(errs.SubtypeUnknown, "%s", err.Error()).WithCause(err)
+	}
 	output.WriteTypedErrorEnvelope(errOut, fallback, string(f.ResolvedIdentity))
 	return output.ExitCodeOf(fallback)
 }
 
+// cobraUsageErrorMarkers are the stable error-text fragments cobra / pflag
+// (pinned at v1.10.2) emit for usage mistakes — missing required flag, unknown
+// command / flag, wrong argument count. Cobra surfaces these as plain errors,
+// not a typed value we can match on, so the dispatcher recognizes them by text;
+// this is the same external contract unknownFlagName already depends on. A
+// residual error matching none of these has leaked the typed boundary and is
+// treated as an internal fault, not a user error.
+var cobraUsageErrorMarkers = []string{
+	"unknown command ",
+	"unknown flag: ",
+	"unknown shorthand",
+	"required flag(s) ",
+	"flag needs an argument",
+	"bad flag syntax:",
+	"no such flag ",
+	"invalid argument ",
+	"arg(s), ", // accepts / requires N arg(s), received / only received M
+}
+
+// isCobraUsageError reports whether err is a cobra / pflag usage mistake,
+// identified by the stable error text of the pinned cobra version.
+func isCobraUsageError(err error) bool {
+	msg := err.Error()
+	for _, m := range cobraUsageErrorMarkers {
+		if strings.Contains(msg, m) {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
 // installUnknownSubcommandGuard replaces cobra's silent help fallback on
 // group commands (no Run/RunE) with an unknown_subcommand error.
 //
@@ -302,10 +344,6 @@ func handleRootError(f *cmdutil.Factory, err error) int {
 // with reason_code=risk_not_annotated.
 func installUnknownSubcommandGuard(cmd *cobra.Command) {
 	if cmd.HasSubCommands() && cmd.Run == nil && cmd.RunE == nil {
-		// Cobra's legacy Args fallback rejects an unknown top-level token before
-		// RunE can produce ranked suggestions. Explicitly accepting positional
-		// tokens lets every pure group, including root, reach the shared guard.
-		cmd.Args = cobra.ArbitraryArgs
 		cmd.RunE = unknownSubcommandRunE
 		// Route an unknown subcommand to unknownSubcommandRunE even when flags
 		// are also present (e.g. `sheets +cells-find --url ...`). A pure group
@@ -323,132 +361,6 @@ func installUnknownSubcommandGuard(cmd *cobra.Command) {
 	}
 }
 
-// installCobraValidationGuards types errors at the stage where Cobra knows
-// they are user input: positional argument validation, required flags and flag
-// groups. This removes the need for final-boundary message matching.
-func installCobraValidationGuards(cmd *cobra.Command) {
-	if cmd == nil {
-		return
-	}
-	if validateArgs := cmd.Args; validateArgs != nil {
-		cmd.Args = func(c *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
-			err := validateArgs(c, args)
-			if err == nil || errs.IsTyped(err) {
-				return err
-			}
-			return errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, "%s", err.Error()).WithCause(err)
-		}
-	}
-
-	previousPreRunE := cmd.PreRunE
-	previousPreRun := cmd.PreRun
-	cmd.PreRunE = func(c *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
-		if previousPreRunE != nil {
-			if err := previousPreRunE(c, args); err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
-		} else if previousPreRun != nil {
-			previousPreRun(c, args)
-		}
-		if err := c.ValidateRequiredFlags(); err != nil {
-			validationErr := errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, "%s", err.Error()).WithCause(err)
-			c.Flags().VisitAll(func(flag *pflag.Flag) {
-				if flag.Changed || len(flag.Annotations[cobra.BashCompOneRequiredFlag]) == 0 {
-					return
-				}
-				validationErr.WithParams(errs.InvalidParam{Name: "--" + flag.Name, Reason: "required flag is missing"})
-			})
-			return validationErr.WithHint("run `%s --help` to see required flags", c.CommandPath())
-		}
-		if err := c.ValidateFlagGroups(); err != nil {
-			return errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, "%s", err.Error()).
-				WithParams(invalidFlagGroupParams(err.Error())...).
-				WithHint("run `%s --help` to see valid flag combinations", c.CommandPath()).
-				WithCause(err)
-		}
-		return nil
-	}
-	cmd.PreRun = nil
-
-	for _, child := range cmd.Commands() {
-		installCobraValidationGuards(child)
-	}
-}
-
-type flagGroupConstraint int
-
-const (
-	flagGroupRequiredTogether flagGroupConstraint = iota
-	flagGroupOneRequired
-	flagGroupMutuallyExclusive
-)
-
-// invalidFlagGroupParams extracts the offending flag group from Cobra's
-// flag-group validation error. The message always names the group as
-// "[flag-a flag-b ...]" and its wording identifies the constraint, so both are
-// read straight from the message instead of re-deriving Cobra's private group
-// state. Pinned to cobra v1.10.2's message format (see go.mod).
-func invalidFlagGroupParams(message string) []errs.InvalidParam {
-	names := flagGroupNamesFromMessage(message)
-	if len(names) == 0 {
-		return nil
-	}
-	return buildFlagGroupParams(names, flagGroupConstraintFromMessage(message))
-}
-
-func buildFlagGroupParams(names []string, constraint flagGroupConstraint) []errs.InvalidParam {
-	flagNames := make([]string, 0, len(names))
-	for _, name := range names {
-		name = strings.TrimLeft(name, "-")
-		if name != "" {
-			flagNames = append(flagNames, "--"+name)
-		}
-	}
-	if len(flagNames) == 0 {
-		return nil
-	}
-	group := "[" + strings.Join(flagNames, " ") + "]"
-	reason := "invalid flag combination in " + group
-	switch constraint {
-	case flagGroupRequiredTogether:
-		reason = "all of " + group + " required together"
-	case flagGroupOneRequired:
-		reason = "one of " + group + " required"
-	case flagGroupMutuallyExclusive:
-		reason = "only one of " + group + " allowed"
-	}
-	params := make([]errs.InvalidParam, 0, len(flagNames))
-	for _, name := range flagNames {
-		params = append(params, errs.InvalidParam{Name: name, Reason: reason})
-	}
-	return params
-}
-
-func flagGroupNamesFromMessage(message string) []string {
-	start := strings.IndexByte(message, '[')
-	if start < 0 {
-		return nil
-	}
-	end := strings.IndexByte(message[start+1:], ']')
-	if end < 0 {
-		return nil
-	}
-	return strings.Fields(message[start+1 : start+1+end])
-}
-
-func flagGroupConstraintFromMessage(message string) flagGroupConstraint {
-	switch {
-	case strings.Contains(message, "at least one of the flags"):
-		return flagGroupOneRequired
-	case strings.Contains(message, "must all be set"):
-		return flagGroupRequiredTogether
-	case strings.Contains(message, "none of the others can be"):
-		return flagGroupMutuallyExclusive
-	default:
-		return flagGroupConstraint(-1)
-	}
-}
-
 // unknownSubcommandRunE replaces cobra's silent help fallback on group commands
 // with a typed *errs.ValidationError: a flag that belongs to a missing
 // subcommand, a misplaced subcommand-only flag, or an unknown subcommand name
@@ -679,21 +591,17 @@ func isLarkDomain(c *cobra.Command) bool {
 	return cmdmeta.Domain(c) != ""
 }
 
-// flagDidYouMean is the single FlagErrorFunc inherited by all commands. It
-// classifies pflag's typed parse errors and emits one stable validation shape.
+// flagDidYouMean is the root FlagErrorFunc (inherited by all subcommands). It
+// converts cobra's flag-parse errors into a typed validation envelope: an
+// unknown flag gets a focused "did you mean" hint (so agents recover even when
+// the typo is semantic, e.g. --query vs --find, where edit distance alone finds
+// nothing) and the offending flag in `params`. Other flag errors stay typed
+// but generic.
 func flagDidYouMean(c *cobra.Command, ferr error) error {
-	if ferr == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-	var notExist *pflag.NotExistError
-	if !errors.As(ferr, &notExist) {
-		return typedFlagParseError(c, ferr)
-	}
-
-	name := notExist.GetSpecifiedName()
-	rawName := "--" + name
-	if notExist.GetSpecifiedShortnames() != "" {
-		rawName = "-" + name
+	name, isUnknown := unknownFlagName(ferr)
+	if !isUnknown {
+		return errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, "%s", ferr.Error()).
+			WithHint("run `%s --help` for valid flags", c.CommandPath())
 	}
 	valid := visibleFlagNames(c)
 	suggestions := suggest.Closest(name, valid, 3)
@@ -705,69 +613,36 @@ func flagDidYouMean(c *cobra.Command, ferr error) error {
 		hint = fmt.Sprintf("did you mean %s? (run `%s --help` for all flags)",
 			strings.Join(suggestions, ", "), c.CommandPath())
 	}
-	if cmdmeta.Domain(c) == "sheets" {
-		if list := inlineVisibleFlags(valid); list != "" {
-			if len(suggestions) > 0 {
-				hint = fmt.Sprintf("did you mean %s? valid flags: %s", strings.Join(suggestions, ", "), list)
-			} else {
-				hint = "valid flags: " + list
-			}
-		}
-	}
+	// The ranked candidates ride on the param as machine-readable Suggestions so
+	// an agent can retry without parsing the hint; the hint carries the same
+	// candidates as prose. The full valid-flag list stays recoverable via --help.
 	return errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument,
-		"unknown flag %q for %q", rawName, c.CommandPath()).
-		WithParams(errs.InvalidParam{Name: rawName, Reason: "unknown flag", Suggestions: suggestions}).
-		WithHint("%s", hint).
-		WithCause(ferr)
+		"unknown flag %q for %q", "--"+name, c.CommandPath()).
+		WithParams(errs.InvalidParam{Name: "--" + name, Reason: "unknown flag", Suggestions: suggestions}).
+		WithHint("%s", hint)
 }
 
-func typedFlagParseError(c *cobra.Command, ferr error) error {
-	param := ""
-	reason := "flag parse error"
-	var valueRequired *pflag.ValueRequiredError
-	var invalidValue *pflag.InvalidValueError
-	var invalidSyntax *pflag.InvalidSyntaxError
-	switch {
-	case errors.As(ferr, &valueRequired):
-		param = "--" + valueRequired.GetSpecifiedName()
-		if valueRequired.GetSpecifiedShortnames() != "" {
-			param = "-" + valueRequired.GetSpecifiedName()
-		}
-		reason = "flag value is required"
-	case errors.As(ferr, &invalidValue):
-		if invalidValue.GetFlag() != nil {
-			param = "--" + invalidValue.GetFlag().Name
-		}
-		reason = "invalid flag value"
-	case errors.As(ferr, &invalidSyntax):
-		param = invalidSyntax.GetSpecifiedFlag()
-		reason = "invalid flag syntax"
+// unknownFlagName extracts the offending long-flag name from cobra's flag-parse
+// error text ("unknown flag: --query" → "query"). Returns ok=false for anything
+// else (missing argument, invalid value, unknown shorthand) so the caller keeps
+// those structured but generic — hallucinated flags are essentially always long.
+//
+// CONTRACT: this matches cobra's English wording "unknown flag: --" (go.mod
+// pins github.com/spf13/cobra). If cobra rewords this or gains i18n the match
+// silently fails and unknown flags degrade to a generic flag_error — re-verify
+// this prefix when bumping cobra.
+func unknownFlagName(err error) (string, bool) {
+	const p = "unknown flag: --"
+	msg := err.Error()
+	i := strings.Index(msg, p)
+	if i < 0 {
+		return "", false
 	}
-	validationErr := errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, "%s", ferr.Error()).
-		WithHint("run `%s --help` for valid flags", c.CommandPath()).
-		WithCause(ferr)
-	if param != "" {
-		validationErr.WithParams(errs.InvalidParam{Name: param, Reason: reason})
+	rest := msg[i+len(p):]
+	if j := strings.IndexAny(rest, " \t"); j >= 0 {
+		rest = rest[:j]
 	}
-	return validationErr
-}
-
-func inlineVisibleFlags(names []string) string {
-	const limit = 25
-	if len(names) == 0 {
-		return ""
-	}
-	shown := names
-	suffix := ""
-	if len(shown) > limit {
-		shown = shown[:limit]
-		suffix = fmt.Sprintf(", ... (%d more; see --help)", len(names)-limit)
-	}
-	flags := make([]string, len(shown))
-	for i, name := range shown {
-		flags[i] = "--" + name
-	}
-	return strings.Join(flags, ", ") + suffix
+	return rest, true
 }
 
 // visibleFlagNames lists the non-hidden flag names of c (for suggestions and
@@ -804,11 +679,7 @@ func installTipsHelpFunc(root *cobra.Command) {
 			defaultHelp(cmd, args)
 			return
 		}
-		if service.PrepareMethodHelp(cmd, embeddedSkillContent) {
-			defaultHelp(cmd, args)
-			return
-		}
-		if service.PrepareShortcutHelp(cmd, embeddedSkillContent) {
+		if service.PrepareMethodHelp(cmd) {
 			defaultHelp(cmd, args)
 			return
 		}

cmd/root_integration_test.go

@@ -14,13 +14,11 @@ import (
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/cmd/api"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/cmd/auth"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/cmd/service"
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/apicatalog"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/build"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/envvars"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/httpmock"
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/meta"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/output"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/skillscheck"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/update"
@@ -105,11 +103,6 @@ func parseTypedEnvelope(t *testing.T, stderr *bytes.Buffer) typedErrorEnvelope {
 }
 
 func buildStrictModeIntegrationRootCmd(t *testing.T, f *cmdutil.Factory) *cobra.Command {
-	t.Helper()
-	return buildStrictModeIntegrationRootCmdWithCatalog(t, f, nil)
-}
-
-func buildStrictModeIntegrationRootCmdWithCatalog(t *testing.T, f *cmdutil.Factory, catalog *apicatalog.Catalog) *cobra.Command {
 	t.Helper()
 	rootCmd := &cobra.Command{Use: "lark-cli"}
 	rootCmd.SilenceErrors = true
@@ -120,11 +113,7 @@ func buildStrictModeIntegrationRootCmdWithCatalog(t *testing.T, f *cmdutil.Facto
 	}
 	rootCmd.AddCommand(auth.NewCmdAuth(f))
 	rootCmd.AddCommand(api.NewCmdApi(f, nil))
-	if catalog != nil {
-		service.RegisterServiceCommandsFromCatalog(context.Background(), rootCmd, f, *catalog)
-	} else {
-		service.RegisterServiceCommands(rootCmd, f)
-	}
+	service.RegisterServiceCommands(rootCmd, f)
 	shortcuts.RegisterShortcuts(rootCmd, f)
 	if mode := f.ResolveStrictMode(context.Background()); mode.IsActive() {
 		pruneForStrictMode(rootCmd, mode)
@@ -132,29 +121,6 @@ func buildStrictModeIntegrationRootCmdWithCatalog(t *testing.T, f *cmdutil.Facto
 	return rootCmd
 }
 
-func strictModeFixtureCatalog() apicatalog.Catalog {
-	return apicatalog.New(apicatalog.SourceEmbedded, []meta.Service{
-		{
-			Name:        "fixture",
-			ServicePath: "/open-apis/fixture/v1",
-			Resources: map[string]meta.Resource{
-				"things": {
-					Methods: map[string]meta.Method{
-						"create": {
-							Path:         "things",
-							HTTPMethod:   "POST",
-							AccessTokens: []meta.Token{meta.TokenTenant},
-							RequestBody: map[string]meta.Field{
-								"name": {Type: "string"},
-							},
-						},
-					},
-				},
-			},
-		},
-	})
-}
-
 func newStrictModeDefaultFactory(t *testing.T, profile string, mode core.StrictMode) (*cmdutil.Factory, *bytes.Buffer, *bytes.Buffer) {
 	t.Helper()
 	t.Setenv(envvars.CliAppID, "")
@@ -389,11 +355,10 @@ func TestIntegration_StrictModeBot_ProfileOverride_ServiceExplicitUserReturnsEnv
 
 func TestIntegration_StrictModeUser_ProfileOverride_ServiceBotOnlyMethodReturnsEnvelope(t *testing.T) {
 	f, stdout, stderr := newStrictModeDefaultFactory(t, "target", core.StrictModeUser)
-	catalog := strictModeFixtureCatalog()
-	rootCmd := buildStrictModeIntegrationRootCmdWithCatalog(t, f, &catalog)
+	rootCmd := buildStrictModeIntegrationRootCmd(t, f)
 
 	code := executeRootIntegration(t, f, rootCmd, []string{
-		"fixture", "things", "create", "--data", `{"name":"probe"}`, "--dry-run",
+		"im", "images", "create", "--data", `{"image_type":"message","image":"x"}`, "--dry-run",
 	})
 
 	if code != output.ExitValidation {

cmd/root_test.go

@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ package cmd
 import (
 	"bytes"
 	"encoding/json"
-	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"strings"
@@ -285,9 +284,9 @@ func TestHandleRootError_DeprecatedAliasMissingFlagStructured(t *testing.T) {
 	deprecation.SetPending(&deprecation.Notice{
 		Command: "+write", Replacement: "+cells-set", Skill: "lark-sheets",
 	})
-	err := errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, `required flag(s) %q not set`, "values").
-		WithParam("--values")
-	exit := handleRootError(f, err)
+	// The bare error shape cobra's ValidateRequiredFlags produces: not a typed
+	// errs.* error, so it reaches the deprecation fallback.
+	exit := handleRootError(f, fmt.Errorf(`required flag(s) %q not set`, "values"))
 
 	out := errOut.String()
 	if strings.HasPrefix(strings.TrimSpace(out), "Error:") {
@@ -382,9 +381,10 @@ func decodeErrorEnvelope(t *testing.T, raw []byte) map[string]any {
 	return errObj
 }
 
-// TestCobraValidationGuardTypesRequiredFlag pins that required-flag errors are
-// typed at the Cobra validation stage, before the final dispatcher.
-func TestCobraValidationGuardTypesRequiredFlag(t *testing.T) {
+// TestHandleRootError_NoDeprecationTypesUsageError pins that a residual cobra
+// usage error (missing required flag) is typed as invalid_argument with exit 2
+// even with no deprecation pending — never cobra's plain "Error:" line.
+func TestHandleRootError_NoDeprecationTypesUsageError(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", t.TempDir())
 	t.Cleanup(func() { deprecation.SetPending(nil) })
 	deprecation.SetPending(nil)
@@ -393,15 +393,7 @@ func TestCobraValidationGuardTypesRequiredFlag(t *testing.T) {
 	errOut := &bytes.Buffer{}
 	f.IOStreams.ErrOut = errOut
 
-	cmd := &cobra.Command{Use: "demo", RunE: func(*cobra.Command, []string) error { return nil }}
-	cmd.Flags().String("values", "", "")
-	cmd.MarkFlagRequired("values")
-	installCobraValidationGuards(cmd)
-	err := cmd.Execute()
-	if err == nil {
-		t.Fatal("expected missing required flag error")
-	}
-	exit := handleRootError(f, err)
+	exit := handleRootError(f, fmt.Errorf(`required flag(s) %q not set`, "values"))
 
 	out := errOut.String()
 	if strings.HasPrefix(strings.TrimSpace(out), "Error:") {
@@ -419,93 +411,6 @@ func TestCobraValidationGuardTypesRequiredFlag(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-func TestCobraValidationGuardTypesFlagGroupErrorsWithParams(t *testing.T) {
-	tests := []struct {
-		name       string
-		mark       func(*cobra.Command)
-		args       []string
-		wantNames  []string
-		wantReason string
-	}{
-		{
-			name: "one required",
-			mark: func(cmd *cobra.Command) {
-				cmd.MarkFlagsOneRequired("start-cell", "range")
-			},
-			wantNames:  []string{"--start-cell", "--range"},
-			wantReason: "one of [--start-cell --range] required",
-		},
-		{
-			name: "required together",
-			mark: func(cmd *cobra.Command) {
-				cmd.MarkFlagsRequiredTogether("start-cell", "range")
-			},
-			args:       []string{"--start-cell", "A1"},
-			wantNames:  []string{"--start-cell", "--range"},
-			wantReason: "all of [--start-cell --range] required together",
-		},
-		{
-			name: "mutually exclusive",
-			mark: func(cmd *cobra.Command) {
-				cmd.MarkFlagsMutuallyExclusive("start-cell", "range")
-			},
-			args:       []string{"--start-cell", "A1", "--range", "B2"},
-			wantNames:  []string{"--start-cell", "--range"},
-			wantReason: "only one of [--start-cell --range] allowed",
-		},
-	}
-
-	for _, tt := range tests {
-		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			cmd := &cobra.Command{Use: "demo", RunE: func(*cobra.Command, []string) error { return nil }}
-			cmd.Flags().String("start-cell", "", "")
-			cmd.Flags().String("range", "", "")
-			tt.mark(cmd)
-			installCobraValidationGuards(cmd)
-			cmd.SetArgs(tt.args)
-
-			err := cmd.Execute()
-			if err == nil {
-				t.Fatal("expected flag group error")
-			}
-			problem, ok := errs.ProblemOf(err)
-			if !ok {
-				t.Fatalf("expected typed problem, got %T: %v", err, err)
-			}
-			if problem.Category != errs.CategoryValidation || problem.Subtype != errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument {
-				t.Fatalf("problem = %s/%s, want validation/invalid_argument", problem.Category, problem.Subtype)
-			}
-			if got := output.ExitCodeOf(err); got != output.ExitValidation {
-				t.Fatalf("exit code = %d, want %d", got, output.ExitValidation)
-			}
-			var validationErr *errs.ValidationError
-			if !errors.As(err, &validationErr) {
-				t.Fatalf("expected *errs.ValidationError, got %T", err)
-			}
-			if len(validationErr.Params) != len(tt.wantNames) {
-				t.Fatalf("params = %v, want %d entries", validationErr.Params, len(tt.wantNames))
-			}
-			for i, wantName := range tt.wantNames {
-				if validationErr.Params[i].Name != wantName || validationErr.Params[i].Reason != tt.wantReason {
-					t.Errorf("params[%d] = %+v, want name=%q reason=%q", i, validationErr.Params[i], wantName, tt.wantReason)
-				}
-			}
-		})
-	}
-}
-
-func TestInvalidFlagGroupParamsFromMessage(t *testing.T) {
-	got := invalidFlagGroupParams("at least one of the flags in the group [start-cell range] is required")
-	if len(got) != 2 {
-		t.Fatalf("params = %v, want two entries", got)
-	}
-	for i, want := range []string{"--start-cell", "--range"} {
-		if got[i].Name != want || got[i].Reason != "one of [--start-cell --range] required" {
-			t.Errorf("params[%d] = %+v", i, got[i])
-		}
-	}
-}
-
 // TestHandleRootError_LeakedUntypedErrorBecomesInternal pins that an untyped
 // error that does NOT match a cobra usage shape (i.e. one that leaked past the
 // typed boundary from a helper) is classified as an internal fault (exit 5),

cmd/schema/schema.go

@@ -65,13 +65,13 @@ func NewCmdSchema(f *cmdutil.Factory, runF func(*SchemaOptions) error) *cobra.Co
 	return cmd
 }
 
-// completeSchemaPath is a thin adapter over the schema catalog's Complete.
-// It uses the same source as schema execution so completion candidates match
-// what `schema` can resolve.
+// completeSchemaPath is a thin adapter over the embedded catalog's Complete.
+// It uses the embedded source so completion candidates match what `schema`
+// execution can resolve (both overlay-free).
 func completeSchemaPath(f *cmdutil.Factory) func(*cobra.Command, []string, string) ([]string, cobra.ShellCompDirective) {
 	return func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string, toComplete string) ([]string, cobra.ShellCompDirective) {
 		mode := f.ResolveStrictMode(cmd.Context())
-		completions, noSpace := registry.SchemaCatalog().Complete(args, toComplete, registry.FilterForStrictMode(mode))
+		completions, noSpace := registry.EmbeddedCatalog().Complete(args, toComplete, registry.FilterForStrictMode(mode))
 		directive := cobra.ShellCompDirectiveNoFileComp
 		if noSpace {
 			directive |= cobra.ShellCompDirectiveNoSpace
@@ -86,19 +86,13 @@ func schemaRun(opts *SchemaOptions) error {
 	return runSchema(out, apicatalog.ParsePath(opts.Args), mode)
 }
 
-// runSchema resolves the path through the schema catalog and renders the
+// runSchema resolves the path through the embedded catalog and renders the
 // matching envelope(s). The catalog owns navigation (Resolve + MethodRefs) and
 // schema owns rendering (Envelope/Envelopes); this adapter only chooses the
 // output shape — a single resolved method renders as one envelope object,
 // anything broader as an array — and maps resolve failures to hints.
 func runSchema(out io.Writer, parts []string, mode core.StrictMode) error {
-	catalog := registry.SchemaCatalog()
-	if len(catalog.Services()) == 0 {
-		// No embedded metadata and the runtime fallback is empty too: offline
-		// with a cold cache, remote meta off, or an unwritable cache dir.
-		return errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeFailedPrecondition, "No API metadata available").
-			WithHint("this binary has no embedded API metadata; run any command with network access to the open platform once so metadata can be fetched and cached")
-	}
+	catalog := registry.EmbeddedCatalog()
 	target, err := catalog.Resolve(parts)
 	if err != nil {
 		return resolveError(err)

cmd/service/affordance.go

@@ -71,18 +71,11 @@ func PrepareDomainHelp(cmd *cobra.Command, skillFS fs.FS) bool {
 }
 
 // domainHelpBase returns the description to seed domain help with — the
-// hand-authored Long when present, else the Short.
+// hand-authored Long when present, else the Short — captured once into an
+// annotation so re-rendering reuses the pristine text instead of the
+// already-augmented Long.
 func domainHelpBase(cmd *cobra.Command) string {
-	return captureHelpBase(cmd, domainBaseAnnotation)
-}
-
-// captureHelpBase records a command's pristine lead text once — its
-// hand-authored Long, or Short when Long is empty — into the given annotation,
-// so lazy re-renders compose onto the original text instead of onto an
-// already-augmented Long. This is what lets a shortcut's PostMount-authored
-// Long survive: it becomes the base the affordance block is appended below.
-func captureHelpBase(cmd *cobra.Command, key string) string {
-	if base, ok := cmd.Annotations[key]; ok {
+	if base, ok := cmd.Annotations[domainBaseAnnotation]; ok {
 		return base
 	}
 	base := cmd.Long
@@ -92,7 +85,7 @@ func captureHelpBase(cmd *cobra.Command, key string) string {
 	if cmd.Annotations == nil {
 		cmd.Annotations = map[string]string{}
 	}
-	cmd.Annotations[key] = base
+	cmd.Annotations[domainBaseAnnotation] = base
 	return base
 }
 
@@ -108,12 +101,12 @@ func methodLong(description, schemaPath, paramsOnly string) string {
 }
 
 // Annotation keys PrepareMethodHelp reads to rebuild a method command's Long.
-// The affordance overlay coordinates live in cmdmeta (shared with shortcuts).
 const (
-	schemaPathAnnotation   = "method-schema-path"
-	paramsOnlyAnnotation   = "method-params-only"
-	domainBaseAnnotation   = "affordance-domain-base"
-	shortcutBaseAnnotation = "affordance-shortcut-base"
+	affordanceServiceAnnotation = "affordance-service"
+	affordanceMethodAnnotation  = "affordance-method"
+	schemaPathAnnotation        = "method-schema-path"
+	paramsOnlyAnnotation        = "method-params-only"
+	domainBaseAnnotation        = "affordance-domain-base"
 )
 
 // setMethodHelpData records the coordinates PrepareMethodHelp needs (storing a
@@ -122,7 +115,10 @@ func setMethodHelpData(cmd *cobra.Command, service, methodID, schemaPath, params
 	if cmd.Annotations == nil {
 		cmd.Annotations = map[string]string{}
 	}
-	cmdmeta.SetAffordanceRef(cmd, service, methodID)
+	if service != "" && methodID != "" {
+		cmd.Annotations[affordanceServiceAnnotation] = service
+		cmd.Annotations[affordanceMethodAnnotation] = methodID
+	}
 	cmd.Annotations[schemaPathAnnotation] = schemaPath
 	if paramsOnly != "" {
 		cmd.Annotations[paramsOnlyAnnotation] = paramsOnly
@@ -132,11 +128,8 @@ func setMethodHelpData(cmd *cobra.Command, service, methodID, schemaPath, params
 // PrepareMethodHelp rebuilds a generated method command's Long with the agent
 // guidance at the TOP (Risk, then the affordance block, then the schema
 // pointer), returning false for non-method commands. The overlay is parsed
-// here — only when help is rendered. skillFS (nil-safe) gates the related-skill
-// pointers: each is emitted only when it resolves in the skill tree (see
-// affordance.SkillStatPath), so a typo or a build without embedded skills never
-// prints a `skills read` that cannot be opened.
-func PrepareMethodHelp(cmd *cobra.Command, skillFS fs.FS) bool {
+// here — only when help is rendered.
+func PrepareMethodHelp(cmd *cobra.Command) bool {
 	ann := cmd.Annotations
 	if ann == nil {
 		return false
@@ -148,15 +141,22 @@ func PrepareMethodHelp(cmd *cobra.Command, skillFS fs.FS) bool {
 
 	var b strings.Builder
 	b.WriteString(cmd.Short)
-	writeRisk(&b, cmd)
+	if level, ok := cmdutil.GetRisk(cmd); ok {
+		// --yes asserts the USER confirmed; the agent must not self-approve.
+		if level == cmdutil.RiskHighRiskWrite {
+			fmt.Fprintf(&b, "\n\nRisk: %s (requires explicit user confirmation to execute; the agent must NOT add --yes on its own — only pass --yes after the user has confirmed)", level)
+		} else {
+			fmt.Fprintf(&b, "\n\nRisk: %s", level)
+		}
+	}
 
 	var skills []string
 	if raw, ok := affordanceRaw(cmd); ok {
+		if block := renderAffordance(meta.Method{Affordance: raw}); block != "" {
+			b.WriteString("\n\n")
+			b.WriteString(block)
+		}
 		if a, ok := (meta.Method{Affordance: raw}).ParsedAffordance(); ok {
-			if block := renderAffordanceValue(a); block != "" {
-				b.WriteString("\n\n")
-				b.WriteString(block)
-			}
 			skills = a.Skills
 		}
 	}
@@ -164,93 +164,15 @@ func PrepareMethodHelp(cmd *cobra.Command, skillFS fs.FS) bool {
 	fmt.Fprintf(&b, "\n\nFull parameter schema:\n  lark-cli schema %s", schemaPath)
 	b.WriteString(ann[paramsOnlyAnnotation])
 
-	writeRelatedSkills(&b, skills, skillFS)
-
-	cmd.Long = b.String()
-	return true
-}
-
-// PrepareShortcutHelp composes a +-prefixed shortcut's Long from its affordance
-// overlay — the same top layout as method help (description, Risk, guidance
-// block, related skills) minus the schema pointer, which shortcuts have none
-// of. Returns false when the command is not a shortcut or carries no overlay
-// entry, so shortcuts without guidance keep the default help plus the bottom
-// risk/tips append.
-//
-// The lead is the command's pristine base (captureHelpBase): a shortcut that
-// set a hand-authored Long in PostMount (e.g. the docs shortcuts' "agents MUST
-// read the skill" directive) keeps it — the affordance block is appended below,
-// never clobbering it.
-//
-// Tips precedence (intentional, not a bug): the overlay's ### Tips win. The
-// shortcut's declarative Tips (the Go Tips field) are only a fallback used when
-// the overlay declares none; when the overlay has tips, the Go tips are dropped
-// (replaced, not merged) so tips never render twice. Authoring a ### Tips block
-// therefore silently retires that shortcut's Go Tips — consolidate into one.
-func PrepareShortcutHelp(cmd *cobra.Command, skillFS fs.FS) bool {
-	if src, _ := cmdmeta.SourceOf(cmd); src != cmdmeta.SourceShortcut {
-		return false
-	}
-	raw, ok := affordanceRaw(cmd)
-	if !ok {
-		return false
-	}
-	a, ok := (meta.Method{Affordance: raw}).ParsedAffordance()
-	if !ok {
-		return false
-	}
-	if len(a.Tips) == 0 {
-		a.Tips = cmdutil.GetTips(cmd)
-	}
-
-	var b strings.Builder
-	b.WriteString(captureHelpBase(cmd, shortcutBaseAnnotation))
-	writeRisk(&b, cmd)
-	if block := renderAffordanceValue(a); block != "" {
-		b.WriteString("\n\n")
-		b.WriteString(block)
-	}
-	writeRelatedSkills(&b, a.Skills, skillFS)
-
-	cmd.Long = b.String()
-	return true
-}
-
-// writeRisk appends the "Risk: <level>" line, warning agents not to self-approve
-// high-risk-write commands. A no-op when the command has no risk annotation.
-func writeRisk(b *strings.Builder, cmd *cobra.Command) {
-	level, ok := cmdutil.GetRisk(cmd)
-	if !ok {
-		return
-	}
-	// --yes asserts the USER confirmed; the agent must not self-approve.
-	if level == cmdutil.RiskHighRiskWrite {
-		fmt.Fprintf(b, "\n\nRisk: %s (requires explicit user confirmation to execute; the agent must NOT add --yes on its own — only pass --yes after the user has confirmed)", level)
-	} else {
-		fmt.Fprintf(b, "\n\nRisk: %s", level)
-	}
-}
-
-// writeRelatedSkills appends the "Related skills" block for the entries that
-// exist in skillFS. Nothing is written when skillFS is nil or no entry resolves,
-// so help never prints a `skills read` pointer that cannot be opened.
-func writeRelatedSkills(b *strings.Builder, skills []string, skillFS fs.FS) {
-	if skillFS == nil || len(skills) == 0 {
-		return
-	}
-	var avail []string
-	for _, s := range skills {
-		if _, err := fs.Stat(skillFS, affordance.SkillStatPath(s)); err == nil {
-			avail = append(avail, s)
+	if len(skills) > 0 {
+		b.WriteString("\n\nWorkflow skill (end-to-end usage):")
+		for _, s := range skills {
+			fmt.Fprintf(&b, "\n  lark-cli skills read %s", s)
 		}
 	}
-	if len(avail) == 0 {
-		return
-	}
-	b.WriteString("\n\nRelated skills (read for end-to-end usage):")
-	for _, s := range avail {
-		fmt.Fprintf(b, "\n  lark-cli skills read %s", s)
-	}
+
+	cmd.Long = b.String()
+	return true
 }
 
 // affordanceLookup is the overlay source; a package var so tests can inject.
@@ -267,8 +189,12 @@ func RenderAffordanceForCmd(cmd *cobra.Command) string {
 }
 
 func affordanceRaw(cmd *cobra.Command) (json.RawMessage, bool) {
-	service, methodID, ok := cmdmeta.AffordanceRef(cmd)
-	if !ok {
+	if cmd.Annotations == nil {
+		return nil, false
+	}
+	service := cmd.Annotations[affordanceServiceAnnotation]
+	methodID := cmd.Annotations[affordanceMethodAnnotation]
+	if service == "" || methodID == "" {
 		return nil, false
 	}
 	return affordanceLookup(service, methodID)
@@ -281,13 +207,7 @@ func renderAffordance(m meta.Method) string {
 	if !ok {
 		return ""
 	}
-	return renderAffordanceValue(a)
-}
 
-// renderAffordanceValue renders an already-parsed affordance. Split from
-// renderAffordance so callers can render a value they have adjusted first (e.g.
-// a shortcut folding its declarative tips into an overlay that has none).
-func renderAffordanceValue(a meta.Affordance) string {
 	var sections []string
 	bullets := func(title string, items []string) {
 		var nonEmpty []string

cmd/service/affordance_test.go

@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ import (
 	"encoding/json"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
-	"testing/fstest"
 
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdmeta"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
@@ -71,8 +70,8 @@ func TestServiceMethod_AffordanceNotInLong(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Errorf("affordance must not be baked into Long (lazy):\n%s", cmd.Long)
 	}
 	// The lookup ref is recorded so the help path can resolve it later.
-	if svc, method, ok := cmdmeta.AffordanceRef(cmd); !ok || svc != "im" || method != "messages.create" {
-		t.Errorf("affordance ref = %q/%q (ok=%v), want im/messages.create", svc, method, ok)
+	if cmd.Annotations[affordanceServiceAnnotation] != "im" || cmd.Annotations[affordanceMethodAnnotation] != "messages.create" {
+		t.Errorf("affordance ref annotations = %v, want im/messages.create", cmd.Annotations)
 	}
 }
 
@@ -120,7 +119,7 @@ func TestPrepareMethodHelp(t *testing.T) {
 	m := map[string]interface{}{"id": "messages.create", "path": "messages", "httpMethod": "POST", "description": "发送消息"}
 	cmd := NewCmdServiceMethod(f, imSpec(), meta.FromMap(m), "create", "messages", nil)
 
-	if !PrepareMethodHelp(cmd, nil) {
+	if !PrepareMethodHelp(cmd) {
 		t.Fatal("PrepareMethodHelp returned false for a service-method command")
 	}
 	long := cmd.Long
@@ -137,133 +136,11 @@ func TestPrepareMethodHelp(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	// A non-service command (no schema-path annotation) is left untouched.
-	if PrepareMethodHelp(&cobra.Command{Use: "plain"}, nil) {
+	if PrepareMethodHelp(&cobra.Command{Use: "plain"}) {
 		t.Error("PrepareMethodHelp should return false for a non-service command")
 	}
 }
 
-// PrepareShortcutHelp composes a shortcut's Long from its overlay with the same
-// top layout as method help (no schema pointer), folding declarative tips when
-// the overlay declares none, and leaves shortcuts without an overlay entry (and
-// non-shortcut commands) for the default help path.
-func TestPrepareShortcutHelp(t *testing.T) {
-	orig := affordanceLookup
-	t.Cleanup(func() { affordanceLookup = orig })
-	affordanceLookup = func(service, methodID string) (json.RawMessage, bool) {
-		if service == "calendar" && methodID == "+create" {
-			return json.RawMessage(`{"use_when":["高层创建日程"],"skills":["lark-calendar"]}`), true
-		}
-		return nil, false
-	}
-
-	sc := &cobra.Command{Use: "+create", Short: "Create an event"}
-	cmdmeta.SetSource(sc, cmdmeta.SourceShortcut, false)
-	cmdmeta.SetAffordanceRef(sc, "calendar", "+create")
-	cmdutil.SetRisk(sc, "write")
-	cmdutil.SetTips(sc, []string{"start/end 收 ISO 8601"})
-
-	if !PrepareShortcutHelp(sc, nil) {
-		t.Fatal("PrepareShortcutHelp returned false for a shortcut with an overlay")
-	}
-	for _, want := range []string{"Create an event", "Risk: write", "When to use:", "高层创建日程", "Tips:", "start/end 收 ISO 8601"} {
-		if !strings.Contains(sc.Long, want) {
-			t.Errorf("shortcut Long missing %q:\n%s", want, sc.Long)
-		}
-	}
-	if strings.Contains(sc.Long, "Full parameter schema:") {
-		t.Errorf("shortcut Long must not carry a schema pointer:\n%s", sc.Long)
-	}
-
-	// No overlay entry -> leave it for the default help path.
-	bare := &cobra.Command{Use: "+bare", Short: "x"}
-	cmdmeta.SetSource(bare, cmdmeta.SourceShortcut, false)
-	cmdmeta.SetAffordanceRef(bare, "calendar", "+bare")
-	if PrepareShortcutHelp(bare, nil) {
-		t.Error("PrepareShortcutHelp should return false when the shortcut has no overlay")
-	}
-
-	// Non-shortcut source is ignored even with a ref.
-	notSc := &cobra.Command{Use: "create", Short: "x"}
-	cmdmeta.SetAffordanceRef(notSc, "calendar", "+create")
-	if PrepareShortcutHelp(notSc, nil) {
-		t.Error("PrepareShortcutHelp should return false for a non-shortcut command")
-	}
-}
-
-// Related-skill pointers are gated on existence: a skill that resolves in the
-// skill FS renders, a typo is dropped (never print an unopenable `skills read`),
-// and a nil skill FS suppresses the whole block.
-func TestRelatedSkillsStatGating(t *testing.T) {
-	orig := affordanceLookup
-	t.Cleanup(func() { affordanceLookup = orig })
-	affordanceLookup = func(_, _ string) (json.RawMessage, bool) {
-		return json.RawMessage(`{"use_when":["x"],"skills":["lark-real","lark-typo","lark-real/references/deep.md","lark-real/references/missing.md"]}`), true
-	}
-	skillFS := fstest.MapFS{
-		"lark-real/SKILL.md":           {Data: []byte("# real")},
-		"lark-real/references/deep.md": {Data: []byte("# deep")},
-	}
-
-	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, testConfig)
-	m := map[string]interface{}{"id": "messages.create", "path": "messages", "httpMethod": "POST", "description": "d"}
-
-	cmd := NewCmdServiceMethod(f, imSpec(), meta.FromMap(m), "create", "messages", nil)
-	if !PrepareMethodHelp(cmd, skillFS) {
-		t.Fatal("PrepareMethodHelp returned false")
-	}
-	if !strings.Contains(cmd.Long, "skills read lark-real\n") {
-		t.Errorf("existing bare-name skill should render on its own line; got:\n%s", cmd.Long)
-	}
-	if strings.Contains(cmd.Long, "lark-typo") {
-		t.Errorf("nonexistent skill must be dropped, not printed as an unopenable pointer; got:\n%s", cmd.Long)
-	}
-	// A name/relpath reference to an existing file renders; a missing one drops.
-	if !strings.Contains(cmd.Long, "skills read lark-real/references/deep.md") {
-		t.Errorf("existing reference entry should render; got:\n%s", cmd.Long)
-	}
-	if strings.Contains(cmd.Long, "references/missing.md") {
-		t.Errorf("nonexistent reference must be dropped; got:\n%s", cmd.Long)
-	}
-
-	// nil skill FS: the whole Related-skills block is suppressed.
-	bare := NewCmdServiceMethod(f, imSpec(), meta.FromMap(m), "create", "messages", nil)
-	PrepareMethodHelp(bare, nil)
-	if strings.Contains(bare.Long, "Related skills") {
-		t.Errorf("nil skillFS should suppress the skills block; got:\n%s", bare.Long)
-	}
-}
-
-// A shortcut that set a hand-authored Long (as the docs shortcuts do in
-// PostMount) keeps it as the lead: the affordance block is appended below, not
-// clobbered, and re-rendering does not double-append.
-func TestPrepareShortcutHelp_PreservesPostMountLong(t *testing.T) {
-	orig := affordanceLookup
-	t.Cleanup(func() { affordanceLookup = orig })
-	affordanceLookup = func(_, _ string) (json.RawMessage, bool) {
-		return json.RawMessage(`{"use_when":["高层创建日程"]}`), true
-	}
-
-	const authored = "Custom docs help. AI agents MUST read the skill first."
-	sc := &cobra.Command{Use: "+create", Short: "Create", Long: authored}
-	cmdmeta.SetSource(sc, cmdmeta.SourceShortcut, false)
-	cmdmeta.SetAffordanceRef(sc, "calendar", "+create")
-
-	if !PrepareShortcutHelp(sc, nil) {
-		t.Fatal("PrepareShortcutHelp returned false for a shortcut with an overlay")
-	}
-	if !strings.HasPrefix(sc.Long, authored) {
-		t.Errorf("hand-authored Long must lead, not be clobbered; got:\n%s", sc.Long)
-	}
-	if !strings.Contains(sc.Long, "When to use:") {
-		t.Errorf("affordance block should be appended below the base; got:\n%s", sc.Long)
-	}
-	// Re-render must reuse the captured base, not append the block twice.
-	PrepareShortcutHelp(sc, nil)
-	if n := strings.Count(sc.Long, "When to use:"); n != 1 {
-		t.Errorf("affordance appended %d times across re-renders, want 1:\n%s", n, sc.Long)
-	}
-}
-
 // domainCmd wires a domain-tagged command with a subcommand under a root, the
 // shape PrepareDomainHelp expects.
 func domainCmd(short, long string) *cobra.Command {

cmd/service/service.go

@@ -140,7 +140,6 @@ type ServiceMethodOptions struct {
 	PageLimit  int
 	PageDelay  int
 	Format     string
-	JSON       bool
 	JqExpr     string
 	DryRun     bool
 	File       string   // --file flag value
@@ -269,11 +268,6 @@ func buildMethodCommand(ctx context.Context, f *cmdutil.Factory, spec methodComm
 			opts.Cmd = cmd
 			opts.Ctx = cmd.Context()
 			opts.As = core.Identity(asStr)
-			format, err := output.StandardFormats.Resolve(opts.Format, cmd.Flags().Changed("format"), opts.JSON)
-			if err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
-			opts.Format = format
 			if runF != nil {
 				return runF(opts)
 			}
@@ -305,8 +299,8 @@ func buildMethodCommand(ctx context.Context, f *cmdutil.Factory, spec methodComm
 			_ = cmd.Flags().MarkHidden(name)
 		}
 	}
-	cmd.Flags().StringVar(&opts.Format, "format", "json", output.StandardFormats.Usage())
-	cmd.Flags().BoolVar(&opts.JSON, "json", false, "shorthand for --format json")
+	cmd.Flags().StringVar(&opts.Format, "format", "json", "output format: json|ndjson|table|csv")
+	cmd.Flags().Bool("json", false, "shorthand for --format json")
 	cmd.Flags().StringVarP(&opts.JqExpr, "jq", "q", "", "jq expression to filter JSON output")
 	cmd.Flags().BoolVar(&opts.DryRun, "dry-run", false, "print request without executing")
 	if spec.risk == cmdutil.RiskHighRiskWrite {
@@ -317,7 +311,7 @@ func buildMethodCommand(ctx context.Context, f *cmdutil.Factory, spec methodComm
 		cmd.Flags().StringVar(&opts.File, "file", "", "File upload [field=]path. Supports - and stdin.")
 	}
 	cmdutil.RegisterFlagCompletion(cmd, "format", func(_ *cobra.Command, _ []string, _ string) ([]string, cobra.ShellCompDirective) {
-		return output.StandardFormats.Names(), cobra.ShellCompDirectiveNoFileComp
+		return []string{"json", "ndjson", "table", "csv"}, cobra.ShellCompDirectiveNoFileComp
 	})
 
 	// Registered last so the collision guard sees the standard flags above.
@@ -409,9 +403,9 @@ func serviceMethodRun(opts *ServiceMethodOptions) error {
 
 	if opts.DryRun {
 		if fileMeta != nil {
-			return cmdutil.PrintDryRunWithFile(request, config, serviceDryRunOutputOptions(f, opts), *fileMeta)
+			return cmdutil.PrintDryRunWithFile(f.IOStreams.Out, request, config, opts.Format, fileMeta.FieldName, fileMeta.FilePath, fileMeta.FormFields)
 		}
-		return serviceDryRun(f, request, config, opts)
+		return serviceDryRun(f, request, config, opts.Format)
 	}
 
 	if opts.Method.Risk == cmdutil.RiskHighRiskWrite {
@@ -426,7 +420,10 @@ func serviceMethodRun(opts *ServiceMethodOptions) error {
 	}
 
 	out := f.IOStreams.Out
-	format, _ := output.ParseFormat(opts.Format)
+	format, formatOK := output.ParseFormat(opts.Format)
+	if !formatOK {
+		fmt.Fprintf(f.IOStreams.ErrOut, "warning: unknown format %q, falling back to json\n", opts.Format)
+	}
 
 	// Scope-insufficient (99991679) and all other Lark API codes route through
 	// errclass.BuildAPIError via ac.CheckResponse, producing *errs.PermissionError
@@ -670,19 +667,8 @@ func buildServiceRequest(opts *ServiceMethodOptions) (client.RawApiRequest, *cmd
 	return request, nil, nil
 }
 
-func serviceDryRun(f *cmdutil.Factory, request client.RawApiRequest, config *core.CliConfig, opts *ServiceMethodOptions) error {
-	return cmdutil.PrintDryRun(request, config, serviceDryRunOutputOptions(f, opts))
-}
-
-func serviceDryRunOutputOptions(f *cmdutil.Factory, opts *ServiceMethodOptions) cmdutil.DryRunOutputOptions {
-	return cmdutil.DryRunOutputOptions{
-		Format:      opts.Format,
-		JqExpr:      opts.JqExpr,
-		CommandPath: opts.Cmd.CommandPath(),
-		Identity:    opts.As,
-		Out:         f.IOStreams.Out,
-		ErrOut:      f.IOStreams.ErrOut,
-	}
+func serviceDryRun(f *cmdutil.Factory, request client.RawApiRequest, config *core.CliConfig, format string) error {
+	return cmdutil.PrintDryRun(f.IOStreams.Out, request, config, format)
 }
 
 func servicePaginate(ctx context.Context, ac *client.APIClient, request client.RawApiRequest, format output.Format, jqExpr string, out, errOut io.Writer, commandPath string, pagOpts client.PaginationOptions, checkErr func(interface{}, core.Identity) error) error {
@@ -709,24 +695,6 @@ func servicePaginate(ctx context.Context, ac *client.APIClient, request client.R
 	}
 
 	switch format {
-	case output.FormatPretty:
-		result, err := ac.PaginateAll(ctx, request, pagOpts)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		if apiErr := checkErr(result, pagOpts.Identity); apiErr != nil {
-			output.FormatValue(out, result, output.FormatPretty)
-			return apiErr
-		}
-		scanResult := output.ScanForSafety(commandPath, result, errOut)
-		if scanResult.Blocked {
-			return scanResult.BlockErr
-		}
-		if scanResult.Alert != nil {
-			output.WriteAlertWarning(errOut, scanResult.Alert)
-		}
-		output.FormatValue(out, result, output.FormatPretty)
-		return nil
 	case output.FormatNDJSON, output.FormatTable, output.FormatCSV:
 		pf := output.NewPaginatedFormatter(out, format)
 		result, hasItems, err := ac.StreamPages(ctx, request, func(items []interface{}) error {

cmd/service/service_test.go

@@ -4,14 +4,10 @@
 package service
 
 import (
-	"bytes"
 	"context"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"errors"
-	"mime"
-	"mime/multipart"
 	"os"
-	"path/filepath"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
 
@@ -201,42 +197,6 @@ func TestNewCmdServiceMethod_RunFCallback(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-func TestServiceMethod_OutputFormatResolution(t *testing.T) {
-	tests := []struct {
-		name string
-		args []string
-		want string
-	}{
-		{name: "json shorthand", args: []string{"--json"}, want: "json"},
-		{name: "explicit format wins", args: []string{"--format", "table", "--json"}, want: "table"},
-		{name: "pretty format", args: []string{"--format", "PRETTY"}, want: "pretty"},
-	}
-
-	for _, tt := range tests {
-		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, testConfig)
-			var captured *ServiceMethodOptions
-			cmd := NewCmdServiceMethod(f, driveSpec(),
-				meta.FromMap(map[string]interface{}{"description": "desc", "httpMethod": "GET"}), "list", "files",
-				func(opts *ServiceMethodOptions) error {
-					captured = opts
-					return nil
-				})
-			args := []string{"--as", "bot"}
-			cmd.SetArgs(append(args, tt.args...))
-			if err := cmd.Execute(); err != nil {
-				t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
-			}
-			if captured == nil {
-				t.Fatal("expected options to be captured")
-			}
-			if captured.Format != tt.want {
-				t.Fatalf("format = %q, want %q", captured.Format, tt.want)
-			}
-		})
-	}
-}
-
 // ── dry-run / buildServiceRequest ──
 
 func TestServiceMethod_DryRun_PathParam(t *testing.T) {
@@ -260,39 +220,13 @@ func TestServiceMethod_DryRun_PathParam(t *testing.T) {
 			if err := cmd.Execute(); err != nil {
 				t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
 			}
-			var got map[string]interface{}
-			if err := json.Unmarshal(stdout.Bytes(), &got); err != nil {
-				t.Fatalf("dry-run stdout is not JSON: %v\n%s", err, stdout.String())
-			}
-			if got["ok"] != true || got["dry_run"] != true {
-				t.Fatalf("unexpected dry-run envelope: %#v", got)
-			}
-			data := got["data"].(map[string]interface{})
-			api := data["api"].([]interface{})
-			call := api[0].(map[string]interface{})
-			if call["url"] != tt.wantInURL {
-				t.Errorf("url = %q, want %q\nstdout:\n%s", call["url"], tt.wantInURL, stdout.String())
+			if !strings.Contains(stdout.String(), tt.wantInURL) {
+				t.Errorf("expected URL containing %q, got:\n%s", tt.wantInURL, stdout.String())
 			}
 		})
 	}
 }
 
-func TestServiceMethod_DryRunWithJq(t *testing.T) {
-	f, stdout, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, testConfig)
-	cmd := NewCmdServiceMethod(f, driveSpec(), driveMethod("GET", nil), "get", "files", nil)
-	cmd.SetArgs([]string{
-		"--params", `{"file_token":"boxcn123abc"}`,
-		"--dry-run",
-		"--jq", ".data.api[0].url",
-	})
-	if err := cmd.Execute(); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
-	}
-	if got, want := strings.TrimSpace(stdout.String()), "/open-apis/drive/v1/files/boxcn123abc/copy"; got != want {
-		t.Fatalf("jq output = %q, want %q", got, want)
-	}
-}
-
 func TestServiceMethod_PathParamRejectsTraversal(t *testing.T) {
 	tests := []struct {
 		name      string
@@ -380,12 +314,8 @@ func TestServiceMethod_PaginationParamSkippedWithPageAll(t *testing.T) {
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("expected no error with --page-all skipping page_size, got: %v", err)
 	}
-	var got map[string]interface{}
-	if err := json.Unmarshal(stdout.Bytes(), &got); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("dry-run stdout is not JSON: %v\n%s", err, stdout.String())
-	}
-	if got["dry_run"] != true {
-		t.Fatalf("dry_run = %#v, want true", got["dry_run"])
+	if !strings.Contains(stdout.String(), "Dry Run") {
+		t.Error("expected dry-run output")
 	}
 }
 
@@ -498,43 +428,6 @@ func TestServiceMethod_BotMode_Success(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-func TestServiceMethod_PrettyFormatsRealResponse(t *testing.T) {
-	f, stdout, _, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, testConfig)
-	reg.Register(&httpmock.Stub{
-		URL: "/open-apis/svc/v1/items",
-		Body: map[string]interface{}{
-			"code": 0,
-			"data": map[string]interface{}{
-				"items": []interface{}{map[string]interface{}{"name": "Alice"}},
-			},
-		},
-	})
-
-	spec := meta.ServiceFromMap(map[string]interface{}{"name": "svc", "servicePath": "/open-apis/svc/v1"})
-	method := meta.FromMap(map[string]interface{}{"path": "items", "httpMethod": "GET", "parameters": map[string]interface{}{}})
-	cmd := NewCmdServiceMethod(f, spec, method, "list", "items", nil)
-	cmd.SetArgs([]string{"--as", "bot", "--format", "pretty"})
-	if err := cmd.Execute(); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
-	}
-	out := stdout.String()
-	var got map[string]interface{}
-	if err := json.Unmarshal(stdout.Bytes(), &got); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("pretty output should be valid JSON: %v\n%s", err, out)
-	}
-	data, ok := got["data"].(map[string]interface{})
-	if !ok {
-		t.Fatalf("pretty output data = %#v", got["data"])
-	}
-	items, ok := data["items"].([]interface{})
-	if !ok || len(items) != 1 {
-		t.Fatalf("pretty output data.items = %#v", data["items"])
-	}
-	if !strings.Contains(out, "\n  \"data\": {") || strings.Contains(out, "─") {
-		t.Fatalf("pretty output should be indented JSON rather than a table, got:\n%s", out)
-	}
-}
-
 func TestServiceMethod_BotMode_PageAll_JSON(t *testing.T) {
 	f, stdout, _, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{
 		AppID: "test-app-page", AppSecret: "test-secret-page", Brand: core.BrandFeishu,
@@ -576,48 +469,6 @@ func TestServiceMethod_BotMode_PageAll_JSON(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-func TestServiceMethod_PageAll_PrettyAggregatesIndentedJSON(t *testing.T) {
-	f, stdout, _, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{
-		AppID: "test-app-service-pageall-pretty", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: core.BrandFeishu,
-	})
-
-	reg.Register(&httpmock.Stub{
-		URL: "/open-apis/svc/v1/items",
-		Body: map[string]interface{}{
-			"code": 0, "msg": "ok",
-			"data": map[string]interface{}{
-				"items":    []interface{}{map[string]interface{}{"id": "1"}},
-				"has_more": false,
-			},
-		},
-	})
-
-	spec := meta.ServiceFromMap(map[string]interface{}{"name": "svc", "servicePath": "/open-apis/svc/v1"})
-	method := meta.FromMap(map[string]interface{}{"path": "items", "httpMethod": "GET", "parameters": map[string]interface{}{}})
-	cmd := NewCmdServiceMethod(f, spec, method, "list", "items", nil)
-	cmd.SetArgs([]string{"--as", "bot", "--page-all", "--format", "pretty"})
-	if err := cmd.Execute(); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	out := stdout.String()
-	var got map[string]interface{}
-	if err := json.Unmarshal(stdout.Bytes(), &got); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("page-all pretty output should be valid JSON: %v\n%s", err, out)
-	}
-	data, ok := got["data"].(map[string]interface{})
-	if !ok {
-		t.Fatalf("page-all pretty output data = %#v", got["data"])
-	}
-	items, ok := data["items"].([]interface{})
-	if !ok || len(items) != 1 {
-		t.Fatalf("page-all pretty output data.items = %#v", data["items"])
-	}
-	if !strings.Contains(out, "\n  \"data\": {") || strings.Contains(out, "─") {
-		t.Fatalf("page-all pretty output should be aggregated indented JSON, got:\n%s", out)
-	}
-}
-
 type serviceContentSafetyProvider struct {
 	called bool
 	path   string
@@ -910,23 +761,26 @@ func TestServiceMethod_PageAll_StreamBusinessErrorDoesNotDumpJSON(t *testing.T)
 	}
 }
 
-func TestServiceMethod_UnknownFormat_ReturnsValidationError(t *testing.T) {
-	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{
+func TestServiceMethod_UnknownFormat_Warning(t *testing.T) {
+	f, _, stderr, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{
 		AppID: "test-app-fmt", AppSecret: "test-secret-fmt", Brand: core.BrandFeishu,
 	})
 
+	reg.Register(&httpmock.Stub{
+		URL:  "/open-apis/svc/v1/items",
+		Body: map[string]interface{}{"code": 0, "msg": "ok", "data": map[string]interface{}{}},
+	})
+
 	spec := meta.ServiceFromMap(map[string]interface{}{"name": "svc", "servicePath": "/open-apis/svc/v1"})
 	method := meta.FromMap(map[string]interface{}{"path": "items", "httpMethod": "GET", "parameters": map[string]interface{}{}})
 	cmd := NewCmdServiceMethod(f, spec, method, "list", "items", nil)
 	cmd.SetArgs([]string{"--as", "bot", "--format", "unknown"})
 
-	err := cmd.Execute()
-	var validationErr *errs.ValidationError
-	if !errors.As(err, &validationErr) {
-		t.Fatalf("expected *errs.ValidationError, got %T: %v", err, err)
+	if err := cmd.Execute(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
 	}
-	if validationErr.Param != "--format" {
-		t.Errorf("param = %q, want --format", validationErr.Param)
+	if !strings.Contains(stderr.String(), "warning: unknown format") {
+		t.Errorf("expected format warning in stderr, got:\n%s", stderr.String())
 	}
 }
 
@@ -1223,23 +1077,11 @@ func TestServiceMethod_FileUpload_DryRun(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
 	}
 	out := stdout.String()
-	var env map[string]interface{}
-	if err := json.Unmarshal(stdout.Bytes(), &env); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("dry-run stdout is not JSON: %v\n%s", err, out)
+	if !strings.Contains(out, "image") {
+		t.Errorf("expected dry-run output to mention file field, got: %s", out)
 	}
-	if env["dry_run"] != true {
-		t.Fatalf("dry_run = %#v, want true", env["dry_run"])
-	}
-	data := env["data"].(map[string]interface{})
-	api := data["api"].([]interface{})
-	call := api[0].(map[string]interface{})
-	body := call["body"].(map[string]interface{})
-	file := body["file"].(map[string]interface{})
-	if file["field"] != "image" || file["path"] != tmpFile {
-		t.Fatalf("unexpected file dry-run body: %#v", body)
-	}
-	if strings.Contains(out, "=== Dry Run ===") {
-		t.Fatalf("stdout should not contain dry-run banner: %s", out)
+	if !strings.Contains(out, "Dry Run") {
+		t.Errorf("expected dry-run header, got: %s", out)
 	}
 }
 
@@ -1290,63 +1132,6 @@ func TestDetectFileFields(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-// parseMultipartFilenames drives one service-method --file upload through the
-// mock transport and returns a map of field name -> part filename parsed from
-// the captured multipart body. Mirrors cmd/api's helper of the same name
-// (inlined here rather than shared, since the two live in different packages)
-// to give BuildFormdata's shared local-file fix a second real entry-point
-// covering it.
-func parseMultipartFilenames(t *testing.T, stub *httpmock.Stub) map[string]string {
-	t.Helper()
-	ct := stub.CapturedHeaders.Get("Content-Type")
-	mediaType, params, err := mime.ParseMediaType(ct)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("parse Content-Type %q: %v", ct, err)
-	}
-	if !strings.HasPrefix(mediaType, "multipart/") {
-		t.Fatalf("Content-Type = %q, want multipart/*", mediaType)
-	}
-	filenames := map[string]string{}
-	mr := multipart.NewReader(bytes.NewReader(stub.CapturedBody), params["boundary"])
-	for {
-		part, err := mr.NextPart()
-		if err != nil {
-			break
-		}
-		if fn := part.FileName(); fn != "" {
-			filenames[part.FormName()] = fn
-		}
-	}
-	return filenames
-}
-
-func TestServiceMethod_FileUpload_PreservesFilename(t *testing.T) {
-	f, _, _, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, testConfig)
-
-	dir := t.TempDir()
-	cmdutil.TestChdir(t, dir)
-	if err := os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(dir, "photo.jpg"), []byte("fake-image"), 0600); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("write test file: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	stub := &httpmock.Stub{
-		URL:  "/open-apis/im/v1/images",
-		Body: map[string]interface{}{"code": 0, "msg": "ok", "data": map[string]interface{}{"image_key": "img_xxx"}},
-	}
-	reg.Register(stub)
-
-	cmd := NewCmdServiceMethod(f, imSpec(), imImageMethod(), "create", "images", nil)
-	cmd.SetArgs([]string{"--file", "photo.jpg", "--data", `{"image_type":"message"}`, "--as", "bot"})
-	if err := cmd.Execute(); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	filenames := parseMultipartFilenames(t, stub)
-	if got := filenames["image"]; got != "photo.jpg" {
-		t.Fatalf("part filename for field %q = %q, want %q", "image", got, "photo.jpg")
-	}
-}
-
 func TestServiceMethod_JsonFlag_Accepted(t *testing.T) {
 	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, testConfig)
 

cmd/startup_brand.go

@@ -1,28 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
-
-package cmd
-
-import (
-	"os"
-
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/envvars"
-)
-
-// ResolveStartupBrand resolves the brand before the command tree is built, so
-// the registry's remote metadata overlay uses the configured brand from the
-// first catalog access. It mirrors the credential chain's brand precedence —
-// environment, then the active profile's raw config entry — without touching
-// the keychain (no secrets are needed to know the brand).
-func ResolveStartupBrand(profile string) core.LarkBrand {
-	if raw := os.Getenv(envvars.CliBrand); raw != "" {
-		return core.ParseBrand(raw)
-	}
-	if cfg, err := core.LoadMultiAppConfig(); err == nil {
-		if app := cfg.CurrentAppConfig(profile); app != nil {
-			return core.ParseBrand(string(app.Brand))
-		}
-	}
-	return core.BrandFeishu
-}

cmd/startup_brand_test.go

@@ -1,87 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
-
-package cmd
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"fmt"
-	"os"
-	"os/exec"
-	"path/filepath"
-	"strings"
-	"testing"
-
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/registry"
-)
-
-func TestResolveStartupBrand_Precedence(t *testing.T) {
-	tmp := t.TempDir()
-	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", tmp)
-	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_BRAND", "")
-	os.Unsetenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_BRAND")
-
-	// No config at all → default brand.
-	if got := ResolveStartupBrand(""); got != core.BrandFeishu {
-		t.Errorf("empty state brand = %q, want feishu", got)
-	}
-
-	// Raw config supplies the active profile's brand — no keychain involved.
-	raw := `{"currentApp":"feishu-app","apps":[` +
-		`{"name":"feishu-app","appId":"cli_f","appSecret":"test-secret","brand":"feishu","users":[]},` +
-		`{"name":"lark-prof","appId":"cli_l","appSecret":"test-secret","brand":"LARK","users":[]}]}`
-	if err := os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(tmp, "config.json"), []byte(raw), 0600); err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-	if got := ResolveStartupBrand(""); got != core.BrandFeishu {
-		t.Errorf("default profile brand = %q, want feishu", got)
-	}
-	if got := ResolveStartupBrand("lark-prof"); got != core.BrandLark {
-		t.Errorf("lark profile brand = %q, want lark (normalized)", got)
-	}
-
-	// Environment wins over the config file.
-	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_BRAND", "lark")
-	if got := ResolveStartupBrand(""); got != core.BrandLark {
-		t.Errorf("env brand = %q, want lark", got)
-	}
-}
-
-// TestStartupBrandReachesRegistry_RealStartupOrder proves the fix for the
-// production startup sequence: building the command tree locks the registry's
-// sync.Once, so the brand must be injected before the first catalog access.
-// It runs in a subprocess because the registry is process-global.
-func TestStartupBrandReachesRegistry_RealStartupOrder(t *testing.T) {
-	if os.Getenv("GO_TEST_STARTUP_BRAND_HELPER") == "1" {
-		// Helper: replicate Execute()'s build wiring with a lark config.
-		buildInternal(
-			context.Background(), cmdutil.InvocationContext{},
-			WithIO(strings.NewReader(""), os.Stdout, os.Stderr),
-			WithStartupBrand(ResolveStartupBrand("")),
-		)
-		fmt.Printf("CONFIGURED_BRAND=%s\n", registry.ConfiguredBrand())
-		os.Exit(0)
-	}
-
-	tmp := t.TempDir()
-	raw := `{"apps":[{"appId":"cli_l","appSecret":"test-secret","brand":"lark","users":[]}]}`
-	if err := os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(tmp, "config.json"), []byte(raw), 0600); err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-
-	cmd := exec.Command(os.Args[0], "-test.run", "TestStartupBrandReachesRegistry_RealStartupOrder")
-	cmd.Env = append(os.Environ(),
-		"GO_TEST_STARTUP_BRAND_HELPER=1",
-		"LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR="+tmp,
-		"LARKSUITE_CLI_REMOTE_META=off", // no network during the subprocess build
-	)
-	out, err := cmd.CombinedOutput()
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("subprocess failed: %v\n%s", err, out)
-	}
-	if !strings.Contains(string(out), "CONFIGURED_BRAND=lark") {
-		t.Errorf("registry brand after real startup order = %s, want lark", out)
-	}
-}

cmd/unknown_subcommand_test.go

@@ -45,38 +45,11 @@ func TestInstallUnknownSubcommandGuard_InstallsOnGroupsOnly(t *testing.T) {
 	if files.RunE == nil {
 		t.Error("files should have RunE installed")
 	}
-	if root.Args == nil {
-		t.Error("root should explicitly accept positional tokens so unknown commands reach RunE")
-	}
 	if err := leaf.RunE(leaf, []string{"unexpected-arg"}); err != nil {
 		t.Errorf("leaf +search RunE should be untouched, got error %v", err)
 	}
 }
 
-func TestTopLevelUnknownCommandReturnsStructuredSuggestion(t *testing.T) {
-	root, _, _ := newGroupTree()
-	installUnknownSubcommandGuard(root)
-	root.SetArgs([]string{"driv"})
-
-	err := root.Execute()
-	var validationErr *errs.ValidationError
-	if !errors.As(err, &validationErr) {
-		t.Fatalf("expected *errs.ValidationError, got %T: %v", err, err)
-	}
-	if len(validationErr.Params) != 1 || validationErr.Params[0].Name != "driv" {
-		t.Fatalf("params = %v, want one entry named driv", validationErr.Params)
-	}
-	found := false
-	for _, candidate := range validationErr.Params[0].Suggestions {
-		if candidate == "drive" {
-			found = true
-		}
-	}
-	if !found {
-		t.Fatalf("suggestions = %v, want drive", validationErr.Params[0].Suggestions)
-	}
-}
-
 func TestInstallUnknownSubcommandGuard_PreservesExistingRunE(t *testing.T) {
 	root := &cobra.Command{Use: "lark-cli"}
 	called := false

cmd/update/update.go

@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ package cmdupdate
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
-	stdio "io"
 	"runtime"
 	"strings"
 
@@ -14,7 +13,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/build"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/output"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/selfupdate"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/skillscheck"
@@ -104,8 +102,7 @@ func NewCmdUpdate(f *cmdutil.Factory) *cobra.Command {
 		Long: `Update lark-cli to the latest version.
 
 Detects the installation method automatically:
-  - npm install:  runs npm install -g @larksuite/cli@<version>
-  - pnpm install: runs pnpm add -g @larksuite/cli@<version>
+  - npm install: runs npm install -g @larksuite/cli@<version>
   - manual/other: shows GitHub Releases download URL
 
 Use --json for structured output (for AI agents and scripts).
@@ -127,15 +124,13 @@ func updateRun(opts *UpdateOptions) error {
 	io := opts.Factory.IOStreams
 	cur := currentVersion()
 	updater := newUpdater()
-	// Brand only steers skills sync. updateRun skips that resolution in --check,
-	// where the Updater's zero-value brand retains the Feishu default.
+
 	if !opts.Check {
-		updater.Brand = resolveSkillsBrand(opts.Factory, io.ErrOut)
 		updater.CleanupStaleFiles()
 	}
 	output.PendingNotice = nil
 
-	// 1. Fetch latest version.
+	// 1. Fetch latest version
 	latest, err := fetchLatest()
 	if err != nil {
 		return reportError(opts, io, "network",
@@ -157,7 +152,7 @@ func updateRun(opts *UpdateOptions) error {
 		return reportAlreadyUpToDate(opts, io, cur, latest, skillsResult, opts.Check)
 	}
 
-	// 4. Detect installation method.
+	// 4. Detect installation method
 	detect := updater.DetectInstallMethod()
 
 	// 5. --check
@@ -169,23 +164,7 @@ func updateRun(opts *UpdateOptions) error {
 	if !detect.CanAutoUpdate() {
 		return doManualUpdate(opts, io, cur, latest, detect, updater)
 	}
-	return doAutoUpdate(opts, io, cur, latest, detect, updater)
-}
-
-// resolveSkillsBrand returns the skills-source brand: resolved config first,
-// then the active profile's raw config entry (the brand is not a secret; a
-// locked keychain must not flip the source), then the default with a notice.
-func resolveSkillsBrand(f *cmdutil.Factory, errOut stdio.Writer) core.LarkBrand {
-	if cfg, err := f.Config(); err == nil && cfg != nil {
-		return core.ParseBrand(string(cfg.Brand))
-	}
-	if raw, err := core.LoadMultiAppConfig(); err == nil {
-		if app := raw.CurrentAppConfig(f.Invocation.Profile); app != nil {
-			return core.ParseBrand(string(app.Brand))
-		}
-	}
-	fmt.Fprintf(errOut, "note: could not resolve the configured brand; syncing skills from the default source\n")
-	return core.BrandFeishu
+	return doNpmUpdate(opts, io, cur, latest, updater)
 }
 
 // --- Output helpers ---
@@ -247,23 +226,12 @@ func doManualUpdate(opts *UpdateOptions, io *cmdutil.IOStreams, cur, latest stri
 	fmt.Fprintf(io.ErrOut, "To update manually, download the latest release:\n")
 	fmt.Fprintf(io.ErrOut, "  Release:   %s\n", releaseURL(latest))
 	fmt.Fprintf(io.ErrOut, "  Changelog: %s\n", changelogURL())
-	if detect.Method == selfupdate.InstallPnpm {
-		fmt.Fprintf(io.ErrOut, "\nOr install via pnpm (note: skills will not be synced):\n  pnpm add -g %s@%s\n  pnpm dlx skills add larksuite/cli -y -g   # sync skills separately\n", selfupdate.NpmPackage, latest)
-	} else {
-		fmt.Fprintf(io.ErrOut, "\nOr install via npm (note: skills will not be synced):\n  npm install -g %s@%s\n  npx skills add larksuite/cli -y -g   # sync skills separately\n", selfupdate.NpmPackage, latest)
-	}
+	fmt.Fprintf(io.ErrOut, "\nOr install via npm (note: skills will not be synced):\n  npm install -g %s@%s\n  npx skills add larksuite/cli -y -g   # sync skills separately\n", selfupdate.NpmPackage, latest)
 	emitSkillsTextHints(io, skillsResult)
 	return nil
 }
 
-func doAutoUpdate(opts *UpdateOptions, io *cmdutil.IOStreams, cur, latest string, detect selfupdate.DetectResult, updater *selfupdate.Updater) error {
-	pm := "npm"
-	install := updater.RunNpmInstall
-	if detect.Method == selfupdate.InstallPnpm {
-		pm = "pnpm"
-		install = updater.RunPnpmInstall
-	}
-
+func doNpmUpdate(opts *UpdateOptions, io *cmdutil.IOStreams, cur, latest string, updater *selfupdate.Updater) error {
 	restore, err := updater.PrepareSelfReplace()
 	if err != nil {
 		return reportError(opts, io, "update_error",
@@ -271,19 +239,19 @@ func doAutoUpdate(opts *UpdateOptions, io *cmdutil.IOStreams, cur, latest string
 	}
 
 	if !opts.JSON {
-		fmt.Fprintf(io.ErrOut, "Updating lark-cli %s %s %s via %s ...\n", cur, symArrow(), latest, pm)
+		fmt.Fprintf(io.ErrOut, "Updating lark-cli %s %s %s via npm ...\n", cur, symArrow(), latest)
 	}
 
-	npmResult := install(latest)
+	npmResult := updater.RunNpmInstall(latest)
 	if npmResult.Err != nil {
 		restore()
 		combined := npmResult.CombinedOutput()
 		if opts.JSON {
 			output.PrintJson(io.Out, map[string]interface{}{
 				"ok": false, "error": map[string]interface{}{
-					"type": "update_error", "message": fmt.Sprintf("%s install failed: %s", pm, npmResult.Err),
+					"type": "update_error", "message": fmt.Sprintf("npm install failed: %s", npmResult.Err),
 					"detail": selfupdate.Truncate(combined, maxNpmOutput),
-					"hint":   permissionHint(combined, pm),
+					"hint":   permissionHint(combined),
 				},
 			})
 			return output.ErrBare(output.ExitAPI)
@@ -295,7 +263,7 @@ func doAutoUpdate(opts *UpdateOptions, io *cmdutil.IOStreams, cur, latest string
 			fmt.Fprint(io.ErrOut, npmResult.Stderr.String())
 		}
 		fmt.Fprintf(io.ErrOut, "\n%s Update failed: %s\n", symFail(), npmResult.Err)
-		if hint := permissionHint(combined, pm); hint != "" {
+		if hint := permissionHint(combined); hint != "" {
 			fmt.Fprintf(io.ErrOut, "  %s\n", hint)
 		}
 		return output.ErrBare(output.ExitAPI)
@@ -306,7 +274,7 @@ func doAutoUpdate(opts *UpdateOptions, io *cmdutil.IOStreams, cur, latest string
 	if err := updater.VerifyBinary(latest); err != nil {
 		restore()
 		msg := fmt.Sprintf("new binary verification failed: %s", err)
-		hint := verificationFailureHint(updater, latest, pm)
+		hint := verificationFailureHint(updater, latest)
 		if opts.JSON {
 			output.PrintJson(io.Out, map[string]interface{}{
 				"ok":    false,
@@ -336,33 +304,23 @@ func doAutoUpdate(opts *UpdateOptions, io *cmdutil.IOStreams, cur, latest string
 	fmt.Fprintf(io.ErrOut, "\n%s Successfully updated lark-cli from %s to %s\n", symOK(), cur, latest)
 	fmt.Fprintf(io.ErrOut, "  Changelog: %s\n", changelogURL())
 	if skillsResult != nil {
-		skillsPM := "npx"
-		if detect.Method == selfupdate.InstallPnpm && detect.PnpmAvailable {
-			skillsPM = "pnpm dlx"
-		}
-		fmt.Fprintf(io.ErrOut, "\nUpdating skills via %s ...\n", skillsPM)
+		fmt.Fprintf(io.ErrOut, "\nUpdating skills ...\n")
 	}
 	emitSkillsTextHints(io, skillsResult)
 	return nil
 }
 
-func permissionHint(pmOutput, pm string) string {
-	if !strings.Contains(pmOutput, "EACCES") || isWindows() {
-		return ""
+func permissionHint(npmOutput string) string {
+	if strings.Contains(npmOutput, "EACCES") && !isWindows() {
+		return "Permission denied. Try: sudo lark-cli update, or adjust your npm global prefix: https://docs.npmjs.com/resolving-eacces-permissions-errors"
 	}
-	if pm == "pnpm" {
-		return "Permission denied. Ensure your pnpm global directory is writable — re-run `pnpm setup`, or see https://pnpm.io/pnpm-cli"
-	}
-	return "Permission denied. Try: sudo lark-cli update, or adjust your npm global prefix: https://docs.npmjs.com/resolving-eacces-permissions-errors"
+	return ""
 }
 
-func verificationFailureHint(updater *selfupdate.Updater, latest, pm string) string {
+func verificationFailureHint(updater *selfupdate.Updater, latest string) string {
 	if updater.CanRestorePreviousVersion() {
 		return "the previous version has been restored"
 	}
-	if pm == "pnpm" {
-		return fmt.Sprintf("automatic rollback is unavailable on this platform; reinstall manually (skills will not be synced): pnpm add -g %s@%s && pnpm dlx skills add larksuite/cli -y -g, or download %s", selfupdate.NpmPackage, latest, releaseURL(latest))
-	}
 	return fmt.Sprintf("automatic rollback is unavailable on this platform; reinstall manually (skills will not be synced): npm install -g %s@%s && npx skills add larksuite/cli -y -g, or download %s", selfupdate.NpmPackage, latest, releaseURL(latest))
 }
 

cmd/update/update_test.go

@@ -9,9 +9,7 @@ import (
 	"encoding/json"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
-	"os"
 	"os/exec"
-	"path/filepath"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
@@ -59,27 +57,6 @@ func mockDetectAndNpm(t *testing.T, result selfupdate.DetectResult, npmFn func(s
 	t.Cleanup(func() { newUpdater = origNew })
 }
 
-// mockDetectAndPnpm mirrors mockDetectAndNpm but wires the pnpm install path
-// and fails the test if the npm install path is invoked.
-func mockDetectAndPnpm(t *testing.T, result selfupdate.DetectResult, pnpmFn func(string) *selfupdate.NpmResult) {
-	t.Helper()
-	origNew := newUpdater
-	newUpdater = func() *selfupdate.Updater {
-		u := selfupdate.New()
-		u.DetectOverride = func() selfupdate.DetectResult { return result }
-		u.PnpmInstallOverride = pnpmFn
-		u.NpmInstallOverride = func(string) *selfupdate.NpmResult {
-			t.Errorf("npm install must not be called for a pnpm install")
-			return &selfupdate.NpmResult{}
-		}
-		u.VerifyOverride = func(string) error { return nil }
-		u.SkillsIndexFetchOverride = successfulSkillsIndexFetch()
-		u.SkillsCommandOverride = successfulSkillsCommand()
-		return u
-	}
-	t.Cleanup(func() { newUpdater = origNew })
-}
-
 func successfulSkillsIndexFetch() func() *selfupdate.NpmResult {
 	return func() *selfupdate.NpmResult {
 		r := &selfupdate.NpmResult{}
@@ -104,110 +81,6 @@ func successfulSkillsCommand() func(args ...string) *selfupdate.NpmResult {
 	}
 }
 
-func TestUpdatePnpm_JSON(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", t.TempDir())
-	f, stdout, _ := newTestFactory(t)
-	cmd := NewCmdUpdate(f)
-	cmd.SetArgs([]string{"--json"})
-	origFetch := fetchLatest
-	fetchLatest = func() (string, error) { return "2.0.0", nil }
-	defer func() { fetchLatest = origFetch }()
-	origVersion := currentVersion
-	currentVersion = func() string { return "1.0.0" }
-	defer func() { currentVersion = origVersion }()
-	mockDetectAndPnpm(t,
-		selfupdate.DetectResult{Method: selfupdate.InstallPnpm, ResolvedPath: "/x/node_modules/.pnpm/@larksuite+cli@1.0.0/node_modules/@larksuite/cli/bin/lark-cli", PnpmAvailable: true},
-		func(string) *selfupdate.NpmResult { return &selfupdate.NpmResult{} },
-	)
-	if err := cmd.Execute(); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
-	}
-	if out := stdout.String(); !strings.Contains(out, `"action": "updated"`) {
-		t.Errorf("expected updated in output, got: %s", out)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestUpdatePnpm_Human(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", t.TempDir())
-	f, _, stderr := newTestFactory(t)
-	cmd := NewCmdUpdate(f)
-	cmd.SetArgs([]string{})
-	origFetch := fetchLatest
-	fetchLatest = func() (string, error) { return "2.0.0", nil }
-	defer func() { fetchLatest = origFetch }()
-	origVersion := currentVersion
-	currentVersion = func() string { return "1.0.0" }
-	defer func() { currentVersion = origVersion }()
-	mockDetectAndPnpm(t,
-		selfupdate.DetectResult{Method: selfupdate.InstallPnpm, ResolvedPath: "/x/node_modules/.pnpm/@larksuite+cli@1.0.0/node_modules/@larksuite/cli/bin/lark-cli", PnpmAvailable: true},
-		func(string) *selfupdate.NpmResult { return &selfupdate.NpmResult{} },
-	)
-	if err := cmd.Execute(); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
-	}
-	out := stderr.String()
-	if !strings.Contains(out, "via pnpm") {
-		t.Errorf("expected 'via pnpm' in stderr, got: %s", out)
-	}
-	if !strings.Contains(out, "Updating skills via pnpm dlx ...") {
-		t.Errorf("expected skills sync to report pnpm dlx launcher, got: %s", out)
-	}
-	if !strings.Contains(out, "Successfully updated") {
-		t.Errorf("expected success message, got: %s", out)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestUpdatePnpm_InstallError_JSON(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", t.TempDir())
-	f, stdout, _ := newTestFactory(t)
-	cmd := NewCmdUpdate(f)
-	cmd.SetArgs([]string{"--json"})
-	origFetch := fetchLatest
-	fetchLatest = func() (string, error) { return "2.0.0", nil }
-	defer func() { fetchLatest = origFetch }()
-	origVersion := currentVersion
-	currentVersion = func() string { return "1.0.0" }
-	defer func() { currentVersion = origVersion }()
-	mockDetectAndPnpm(t,
-		selfupdate.DetectResult{Method: selfupdate.InstallPnpm, ResolvedPath: "/x/node_modules/.pnpm/@larksuite+cli@1.0.0/node_modules/@larksuite/cli/bin/lark-cli", PnpmAvailable: true},
-		func(string) *selfupdate.NpmResult { return &selfupdate.NpmResult{Err: errors.New("pnpm boom")} },
-	)
-	err := cmd.Execute()
-	if err == nil {
-		t.Fatal("expected error exit")
-	}
-	if out := stdout.String(); !strings.Contains(out, `"ok": false`) || !strings.Contains(out, "update_error") {
-		t.Errorf("expected failure envelope, got: %s", out)
-	}
-	if out := stdout.String(); !strings.Contains(out, "pnpm install failed") {
-		t.Errorf("expected message to report pnpm as the package manager, got: %s", out)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestUpdatePnpm_Unavailable_ManualFallback(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", t.TempDir())
-	f, _, stderr := newTestFactory(t)
-	cmd := NewCmdUpdate(f)
-	cmd.SetArgs([]string{})
-	origFetch := fetchLatest
-	fetchLatest = func() (string, error) { return "2.0.0", nil }
-	defer func() { fetchLatest = origFetch }()
-	origVersion := currentVersion
-	currentVersion = func() string { return "1.0.0" }
-	defer func() { currentVersion = origVersion }()
-	mockDetect(t, selfupdate.DetectResult{Method: selfupdate.InstallPnpm, ResolvedPath: "/x/node_modules/.pnpm/@larksuite+cli@1.0.0/node_modules/@larksuite/cli/bin/lark-cli", PnpmAvailable: false})
-	if err := cmd.Execute(); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
-	}
-	out := stderr.String()
-	if !strings.Contains(out, "installed via pnpm, but pnpm is not available in PATH") {
-		t.Errorf("expected pnpm manual reason, got: %s", out)
-	}
-	if !strings.Contains(out, "pnpm add -g") {
-		t.Errorf("expected pnpm add -g hint, got: %s", out)
-	}
-}
-
 func TestNormalizeVersion(t *testing.T) {
 	tests := []struct {
 		input string
@@ -393,9 +266,6 @@ func TestUpdateNpm_Human(t *testing.T) {
 	if !strings.Contains(out, "Successfully updated") {
 		t.Errorf("expected success message in stderr, got: %s", out)
 	}
-	if !strings.Contains(out, "Updating skills via npx ...") {
-		t.Errorf("expected skills sync to report npx launcher for npm install, got: %s", out)
-	}
 }
 
 func TestUpdateForce_JSON(t *testing.T) {
@@ -869,9 +739,9 @@ func TestPermissionHint(t *testing.T) {
 	origOS := currentOS
 	defer func() { currentOS = origOS }()
 
-	// Linux + npm: EACCES should produce a hint with npm prefix guidance.
+	// Linux: EACCES should produce a hint with npm prefix guidance.
 	currentOS = "linux"
-	hint := permissionHint("EACCES: permission denied, access '/usr/local/lib'", "npm")
+	hint := permissionHint("EACCES: permission denied, access '/usr/local/lib'")
 	if !strings.Contains(hint, "npm global prefix") {
 		t.Errorf("expected npm prefix hint on linux, got: %s", hint)
 	}
@@ -879,25 +749,16 @@ func TestPermissionHint(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Errorf("should not suggest raw sudo npm install, got: %s", hint)
 	}
 
-	// Linux + pnpm: EACCES should point at pnpm setup, not npm prefix/sudo.
-	pnpmHint := permissionHint("EACCES: permission denied, access '/Users/x/Library/pnpm'", "pnpm")
-	if !strings.Contains(pnpmHint, "pnpm setup") {
-		t.Errorf("expected pnpm setup hint, got: %s", pnpmHint)
-	}
-	if strings.Contains(pnpmHint, "npm global prefix") || strings.Contains(pnpmHint, "sudo") {
-		t.Errorf("pnpm hint must not reference npm prefix or sudo, got: %s", pnpmHint)
-	}
-
 	// Windows: EACCES hint is suppressed (no EACCES on Windows).
 	currentOS = "windows"
-	hint = permissionHint("EACCES: permission denied", "npm")
+	hint = permissionHint("EACCES: permission denied")
 	if hint != "" {
 		t.Errorf("expected empty hint on Windows, got: %s", hint)
 	}
 
 	// Non-EACCES error: always empty.
 	currentOS = "linux"
-	if got := permissionHint("some other error", "npm"); got != "" {
+	if got := permissionHint("some other error"); got != "" {
 		t.Errorf("expected empty hint for non-EACCES, got: %s", got)
 	}
 }
@@ -1733,64 +1594,3 @@ func containsString(values []string, target string) bool {
 	}
 	return false
 }
-
-func TestResolveSkillsBrand_LayeredFallback(t *testing.T) {
-	// Layer 1: resolved config wins.
-	var errBuf bytes.Buffer
-	f := &cmdutil.Factory{Config: func() (*core.CliConfig, error) {
-		return &core.CliConfig{Brand: core.LarkBrand(" LARK ")}, nil
-	}}
-	if got := resolveSkillsBrand(f, &errBuf); got != core.BrandLark {
-		t.Errorf("resolved-config brand = %q, want lark", got)
-	}
-
-	// Layer 2: credential resolution fails, raw config file still supplies the
-	// brand (a locked keychain must not flip a Lark profile to Feishu).
-	tmp := t.TempDir()
-	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", tmp)
-	raw := `{"apps":[{"appId":"cli_x","appSecret":"test-secret","brand":"lark","users":[]}]}`
-	if err := os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(tmp, "config.json"), []byte(raw), 0600); err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-	f = &cmdutil.Factory{Config: func() (*core.CliConfig, error) { return nil, errors.New("keychain locked") }}
-	errBuf.Reset()
-	if got := resolveSkillsBrand(f, &errBuf); got != core.BrandLark {
-		t.Errorf("raw-config brand = %q, want lark", got)
-	}
-	if errBuf.Len() != 0 {
-		t.Errorf("unexpected notice when raw config supplied the brand: %q", errBuf.String())
-	}
-
-	// Layer 3: nothing readable → default brand with a notice.
-	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", t.TempDir())
-	errBuf.Reset()
-	if got := resolveSkillsBrand(f, &errBuf); got != core.BrandFeishu {
-		t.Errorf("fallback brand = %q, want feishu", got)
-	}
-	if !strings.Contains(errBuf.String(), "could not resolve the configured brand") {
-		t.Errorf("expected fallback notice, got %q", errBuf.String())
-	}
-}
-
-// The raw-config fallback must read the active profile, not the default one.
-func TestResolveSkillsBrand_RespectsActiveProfile(t *testing.T) {
-	tmp := t.TempDir()
-	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", tmp)
-	raw := `{"currentApp":"feishu-app","apps":[` +
-		`{"name":"feishu-app","appId":"cli_f","appSecret":"test-secret","brand":"feishu","users":[]},` +
-		`{"name":"lark-prof","appId":"cli_l","appSecret":"test-secret","brand":"lark","users":[]}]}`
-	if err := os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(tmp, "config.json"), []byte(raw), 0600); err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-	f := &cmdutil.Factory{
-		Invocation: cmdutil.InvocationContext{Profile: "lark-prof"},
-		Config:     func() (*core.CliConfig, error) { return nil, errors.New("keychain locked") },
-	}
-	var errBuf bytes.Buffer
-	if got := resolveSkillsBrand(f, &errBuf); got != core.BrandLark {
-		t.Errorf("brand = %q, want lark (the active profile's brand)", got)
-	}
-	if errBuf.Len() != 0 {
-		t.Errorf("unexpected notice: %q", errBuf.String())
-	}
-}

errs/ERROR_CONTRACT.md

@@ -72,28 +72,6 @@ other category. `error.type` is `"policy"`, `error.subtype` is one of
 `challenge_required` / `access_denied`, and process exit is `6` via
 `CategoryPolicy`.
 
-### Success envelope (stdout)
-
-For contrast: success responses render to **stdout** as an
-`output.Envelope` (`internal/output/envelope.go`), exit code `0`:
-
-```json
-{
-  "ok": true,
-  "identity": "user",
-  "data": { "guid": "e297d3d0-..." },
-  "meta": { "count": 1 }
-}
-```
-
-Consumers must branch on `ok` (or the process exit code). The success
-envelope has **no top-level `code` or `msg` field** — `code` exists only
-inside `error`, where it is the upstream numeric code (invariant 4).
-Wrappers that follow the raw OpenAPI convention and test `code == 0`
-will misclassify every successful call as a failure, which is
-especially dangerous around write commands (e.g. retrying a create that
-already succeeded).
-
 ## Categories
 
 | Category | When | Exit | Typed struct |

errs/types_test.go

@@ -319,7 +319,7 @@ func TestPermissionError_FullChain(t *testing.T) {
 		WithHint("run: lark-cli auth login --scope %q", "mail:user_mailbox.message:send").
 		WithMissingScopes("mail:user_mailbox.message:send").
 		WithIdentity("user").
-		WithConsoleURL("https://open.feishu.cn/page/scope-apply?clientID=cli_xxx&scopes=mail:user_mailbox.message:send")
+		WithConsoleURL("https://open.feishu.cn/app/cli_xxx/auth")
 
 	if got.Category != errs.CategoryAuthorization {
 		t.Errorf("Category = %q, want %q", got.Category, errs.CategoryAuthorization)
@@ -419,7 +419,7 @@ func TestBuilder_WireFormat(t *testing.T) {
 		WithHint("run lark-cli auth login --scope calendar:event:create").
 		WithMissingScopes("calendar:event:create").
 		WithIdentity("user").
-		WithConsoleURL("https://open.feishu.cn/page/scope-apply?clientID=cli_xxx&scopes=calendar:event:create")
+		WithConsoleURL("https://open.feishu.cn/app/cli_xxx/auth")
 
 	buf, err := json.Marshal(e)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -439,7 +439,7 @@ func TestBuilder_WireFormat(t *testing.T) {
 		"hint":           "run lark-cli auth login --scope calendar:event:create",
 		"log_id":         "20260520-0a1b2c3d",
 		"identity":       "user",
-		"console_url":    "https://open.feishu.cn/page/scope-apply?clientID=cli_xxx&scopes=calendar:event:create",
+		"console_url":    "https://open.feishu.cn/app/cli_xxx/auth",
 		"missing_scopes": []any{"calendar:event:create"},
 	}
 	for k, want := range wantFields {

events/im/message_receive.go

@@ -13,29 +13,17 @@ import (
 
 // ImMessageReceiveOutput is the flattened shape for im.message.receive_v1; `desc` tags drive the reflected schema.
 type ImMessageReceiveOutput struct {
-	Type        string          `json:"type"                   desc:"Event type; always im.message.receive_v1"`
-	EventID     string          `json:"event_id,omitempty"     desc:"Event delivery ID. Do not use as the message deduplication key; use message_id instead."`
-	Timestamp   string          `json:"timestamp,omitempty"    desc:"Event delivery time (ms timestamp string); prefers header.create_time"                                                                                                              kind:"timestamp_ms"`
-	ID          string          `json:"id,omitempty"           desc:"Message ID (legacy alias of message_id, kept for compatibility)"                                                                                                                     kind:"message_id"`
-	MessageID   string          `json:"message_id,omitempty"   desc:"Message ID; prefixed with om_. Recommended idempotency key for im.message.receive_v1 consumers."                                                                                     kind:"message_id"`
-	CreateTime  string          `json:"create_time,omitempty"  desc:"Message creation time (ms timestamp string)"                                                                                                                                         kind:"timestamp_ms"`
-	UpdateTime  string          `json:"update_time,omitempty"  desc:"Message update time (ms timestamp string); emitted only when different from create_time"                                                                                              kind:"timestamp_ms"`
-	ChatID      string          `json:"chat_id,omitempty"      desc:"Chat/conversation ID; prefixed with oc_"                                                                                                                                             kind:"chat_id"`
-	ChatType    string          `json:"chat_type,omitempty"    desc:"Conversation type"                                                                                                                                                                   enum:"p2p,group"`
-	MessageType string          `json:"message_type,omitempty" desc:"Message type"`
-	SenderID    string          `json:"sender_id,omitempty"    desc:"Sender open_id; prefixed with ou_"                                                                                                                                                   kind:"open_id"`
-	SenderType  string          `json:"sender_type,omitempty"  desc:"Sender type"                                                                                                                                                                         enum:"user,bot"`
-	RootID      string          `json:"root_id,omitempty"      desc:"Root message ID of the reply/thread context, when present"                                                                                                                           kind:"message_id"`
-	ThreadID    string          `json:"thread_id,omitempty"    desc:"Thread ID, when present"`
-	ReplyTo     string          `json:"reply_to,omitempty"     desc:"Parent message ID of the direct reply context, when present"                                                                                                                         kind:"message_id"`
-	Content     string          `json:"content,omitempty"      desc:"Message content. For most types (text/post/image/file/audio, etc.) this is pre-rendered human-readable text."`
-	Mentions    []MentionOutput `json:"mentions,omitempty" desc:"Compact mentions aligned with im +messages-mget"`
-}
-
-type MentionOutput struct {
-	Key  string `json:"key,omitempty"  desc:"Mention placeholder key, for example @_user_1"`
-	ID   string `json:"id,omitempty"   desc:"Mentioned user open_id; prefixed with ou_"        kind:"open_id"`
-	Name string `json:"name,omitempty" desc:"Mentioned display name"`
+	Type        string `json:"type"                   desc:"Event type; always im.message.receive_v1"`
+	EventID     string `json:"event_id,omitempty"     desc:"Globally unique event ID; safe for deduplication"`
+	Timestamp   string `json:"timestamp,omitempty"    desc:"Event delivery time (ms timestamp string); prefers header.create_time"                                                                                                              kind:"timestamp_ms"`
+	ID          string `json:"id,omitempty"           desc:"Message ID (legacy alias of message_id, kept for compatibility)"                                                                                                                     kind:"message_id"`
+	MessageID   string `json:"message_id,omitempty"   desc:"Message ID; prefixed with om_"                                                                                                                                                       kind:"message_id"`
+	CreateTime  string `json:"create_time,omitempty"  desc:"Message creation time (ms timestamp string)"                                                                                                                                         kind:"timestamp_ms"`
+	ChatID      string `json:"chat_id,omitempty"      desc:"Chat/conversation ID; prefixed with oc_"                                                                                                                                             kind:"chat_id"`
+	ChatType    string `json:"chat_type,omitempty"    desc:"Conversation type"                                                                                                                                                                   enum:"p2p,group"`
+	MessageType string `json:"message_type,omitempty" desc:"Message type"`
+	SenderID    string `json:"sender_id,omitempty"    desc:"Sender open_id; prefixed with ou_"                                                                                                                                                   kind:"open_id"`
+	Content     string `json:"content,omitempty"      desc:"Message content. For most types (text/post/image/file/audio, etc.) this is pre-rendered human-readable text."`
 }
 
 func processImMessageReceive(_ context.Context, _ event.APIClient, raw *event.RawEvent, _ map[string]string) (json.RawMessage, error) {
@@ -48,20 +36,15 @@ func processImMessageReceive(_ context.Context, _ event.APIClient, raw *event.Ra
 		Event struct {
 			Message struct {
 				MessageID   string        `json:"message_id"`
-				RootID      string        `json:"root_id"`
-				ParentID    string        `json:"parent_id"`
-				ThreadID    string        `json:"thread_id"`
 				ChatID      string        `json:"chat_id"`
 				ChatType    string        `json:"chat_type"`
 				MessageType string        `json:"message_type"`
 				Content     string        `json:"content"`
 				CreateTime  string        `json:"create_time"`
-				UpdateTime  string        `json:"update_time"`
 				Mentions    []interface{} `json:"mentions"`
 			} `json:"message"`
 			Sender struct {
-				SenderType string `json:"sender_type"`
-				SenderID   struct {
+				SenderID struct {
 					OpenID string `json:"open_id"`
 				} `json:"sender_id"`
 			} `json:"sender"`
@@ -98,54 +81,7 @@ func processImMessageReceive(_ context.Context, _ event.APIClient, raw *event.Ra
 		ChatType:    msg.ChatType,
 		MessageType: msg.MessageType,
 		SenderID:    envelope.Event.Sender.SenderID.OpenID,
-		SenderType:  envelope.Event.Sender.SenderType,
-		RootID:      msg.RootID,
-		ThreadID:    msg.ThreadID,
-		ReplyTo:     msg.ParentID,
 		Content:     content,
-		Mentions:    compactMentions(msg.Mentions),
-	}
-	if msg.UpdateTime != "" && msg.UpdateTime != msg.CreateTime {
-		out.UpdateTime = msg.UpdateTime
 	}
 	return json.Marshal(out)
 }
-
-func compactMentions(mentions []interface{}) []MentionOutput {
-	if len(mentions) == 0 {
-		return nil
-	}
-	out := make([]MentionOutput, 0, len(mentions))
-	for _, raw := range mentions {
-		item, _ := raw.(map[string]interface{})
-		mention := MentionOutput{
-			Key:  stringField(item, "key"),
-			ID:   mentionOpenID(item["id"]),
-			Name: stringField(item, "name"),
-		}
-		if mention.Key != "" || mention.ID != "" || mention.Name != "" {
-			out = append(out, mention)
-		}
-	}
-	if len(out) == 0 {
-		return nil
-	}
-	return out
-}
-
-func stringField(m map[string]interface{}, key string) string {
-	v, _ := m[key].(string)
-	return v
-}
-
-func mentionOpenID(raw interface{}) string {
-	switch v := raw.(type) {
-	case map[string]interface{}:
-		openID, _ := v["open_id"].(string)
-		return openID
-	case string:
-		return v
-	default:
-		return ""
-	}
-}

events/im/message_receive_test.go

@@ -84,32 +84,19 @@ func TestProcessImMessageReceive_Text(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 		"event": {
 			"sender": {
-				"sender_type": "user",
 				"sender_id": {"open_id": "ou_sender"}
 			},
 			"message": {
 				"message_id":   "om_text_001",
-				"root_id":      "om_root_001",
-				"parent_id":    "om_parent_001",
-				"thread_id":    "omt_thread_001",
 				"chat_id":      "oc_chat",
 				"chat_type":    "p2p",
 				"message_type": "text",
 				"create_time":  "1776409468987",
-				"update_time":  "1776409469999",
-				"content":      "{\"text\":\"hello @_user_1\"}",
-				"mentions": [
-					{
-						"key": "@_user_1",
-						"id": {"open_id": "ou_mentioned"},
-						"name": "Alice"
-					}
-				]
+				"content":      "{\"text\":\"hello there\"}"
 			}
 		}
 	}`
 	out := runReceive(t, payload)
-	outMap := runReceiveMap(t, payload)
 
 	if out.Type != "im.message.receive_v1" {
 		t.Errorf("Type = %q", out.Type)
@@ -123,69 +110,12 @@ func TestProcessImMessageReceive_Text(t *testing.T) {
 	if out.SenderID != "ou_sender" {
 		t.Errorf("SenderID = %q", out.SenderID)
 	}
-	if out.Content != "hello @Alice" {
-		t.Errorf("Content = %q, want \"hello @Alice\"", out.Content)
+	if out.Content != "hello there" {
+		t.Errorf("Content = %q, want \"hello there\"", out.Content)
 	}
 	if out.Timestamp != "1776409469273" {
 		t.Errorf("Timestamp = %q", out.Timestamp)
 	}
-	for field, want := range map[string]string{
-		"sender_type": "user",
-		"root_id":     "om_root_001",
-		"thread_id":   "omt_thread_001",
-		"reply_to":    "om_parent_001",
-		"update_time": "1776409469999",
-	} {
-		if got, _ := outMap[field].(string); got != want {
-			t.Errorf("%s = %q, want %q", field, got, want)
-		}
-	}
-	mentions, _ := outMap["mentions"].([]interface{})
-	if len(mentions) != 1 {
-		t.Fatalf("mentions length = %d, want 1: %#v", len(mentions), outMap["mentions"])
-	}
-	mention, _ := mentions[0].(map[string]interface{})
-	for field, want := range map[string]string{
-		"key":  "@_user_1",
-		"id":   "ou_mentioned",
-		"name": "Alice",
-	} {
-		if got, _ := mention[field].(string); got != want {
-			t.Errorf("mentions[0].%s = %q, want %q", field, got, want)
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-func TestProcessImMessageReceive_OmitsUnchangedUpdateTime(t *testing.T) {
-	payload := `{
-		"schema": "2.0",
-		"header": {
-			"event_id": "ev_test_text",
-			"event_type": "im.message.receive_v1",
-			"create_time": "1776409469273",
-			"app_id": "cli_test"
-		},
-		"event": {
-			"sender": {
-				"sender_type": "user",
-				"sender_id": {"open_id": "ou_sender"}
-			},
-			"message": {
-				"message_id":   "om_text_001",
-				"chat_id":      "oc_chat",
-				"chat_type":    "p2p",
-				"message_type": "text",
-				"create_time":  "1776409468987",
-				"update_time":  "1776409468987",
-				"content":      "{\"text\":\"hello there\"}"
-			}
-		}
-	}`
-	outMap := runReceiveMap(t, payload)
-
-	if _, ok := outMap["update_time"]; ok {
-		t.Errorf("update_time should be omitted when it equals create_time: %#v", outMap)
-	}
 }
 
 func TestProcessImMessageReceive_Interactive(t *testing.T) {
@@ -258,22 +188,3 @@ func runReceive(t *testing.T, payload string) ImMessageReceiveOutput {
 	}
 	return out
 }
-
-func runReceiveMap(t *testing.T, payload string) map[string]interface{} {
-	t.Helper()
-	raw := &event.RawEvent{
-		EventID:   "ev_test",
-		EventType: "im.message.receive_v1",
-		Payload:   json.RawMessage(payload),
-		Timestamp: time.Now(),
-	}
-	got, err := processImMessageReceive(context.Background(), nil, raw, nil)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Process error: %v", err)
-	}
-	var out map[string]interface{}
-	if err := json.Unmarshal(got, &out); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Process output is not valid JSON: %v\nraw=%s", err, string(got))
-	}
-	return out
-}

extension/credential/env/env.go

@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ import (
 	"os"
 
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/extension/credential"
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/envvars"
 )
 
@@ -42,7 +41,10 @@ func (p *Provider) ResolveAccount(ctx context.Context) (*credential.Account, err
 			Reason:   envvars.CliAppID + " is set but no app secret or access token is available",
 		}
 	}
-	brand := credential.Brand(core.ParseBrand(os.Getenv(envvars.CliBrand)))
+	brand := credential.Brand(os.Getenv(envvars.CliBrand))
+	if brand == "" {
+		brand = credential.BrandFeishu
+	}
 	acct := &credential.Account{AppID: appID, AppSecret: appSecret, Brand: brand}
 
 	switch id := credential.Identity(os.Getenv(envvars.CliDefaultAs)); id {

extension/credential/env/env_test.go

@@ -22,13 +22,13 @@ func TestProvider_Name(t *testing.T) {
 func TestResolveAccount_BothSet(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Setenv(envvars.CliAppID, "cli_test")
 	t.Setenv(envvars.CliAppSecret, "secret_test")
-	t.Setenv(envvars.CliBrand, " LARK ")
+	t.Setenv(envvars.CliBrand, "feishu")
 
 	acct, err := (&Provider{}).ResolveAccount(context.Background())
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
-	if acct.AppID != "cli_test" || acct.AppSecret != "secret_test" || acct.Brand != "lark" {
+	if acct.AppID != "cli_test" || acct.AppSecret != "secret_test" || acct.Brand != "feishu" {
 		t.Errorf("unexpected: %+v", acct)
 	}
 }

extension/credential/sidecar/provider.go

@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@ import (
 	"os"
 
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/extension/credential"
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/envvars"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/sidecar"
 )
@@ -59,7 +58,10 @@ func (p *Provider) ResolveAccount(ctx context.Context) (*credential.Account, err
 		}
 	}
 
-	brand := credential.Brand(core.ParseBrand(os.Getenv(envvars.CliBrand)))
+	brand := credential.Brand(os.Getenv(envvars.CliBrand))
+	if brand == "" {
+		brand = credential.BrandFeishu
+	}
 
 	acct := &credential.Account{
 		AppID:     appID,

extension/credential/sidecar/provider_test.go

@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ func TestResolveAccount_Active(t *testing.T) {
 	setEnv(t, envvars.CliAuthProxy, "http://127.0.0.1:16384")
 	setEnv(t, envvars.CliProxyKey, "test-key")
 	setEnv(t, envvars.CliAppID, "cli_test123")
-	setEnv(t, envvars.CliBrand, " LARK ")
+	setEnv(t, envvars.CliBrand, "lark")
 	unsetEnv(t, envvars.CliDefaultAs)
 	unsetEnv(t, envvars.CliStrictMode)
 

go.mod

@@ -10,11 +10,11 @@ require (
 	github.com/gofrs/flock v0.8.1
 	github.com/google/uuid v1.6.0
 	github.com/itchyny/gojq v0.12.17
-	github.com/larksuite/oapi-sdk-go/v3 v3.7.2
+	github.com/larksuite/oapi-sdk-go/v3 v3.5.4
 	github.com/sergi/go-diff v1.4.0
 	github.com/skip2/go-qrcode v0.0.0-20200617195104-da1b6568686e
 	github.com/smartystreets/goconvey v1.8.1
-	github.com/spf13/cobra v1.10.2 // typed flag errors are classified in cmd/root.go
+	github.com/spf13/cobra v1.10.2 // flag-error-text contract: see cmd/root.go unknownFlagName
 	github.com/spf13/pflag v1.0.9
 	github.com/stretchr/testify v1.11.1
 	github.com/tidwall/gjson v1.18.0

go.sum

@@ -79,8 +79,8 @@ github.com/kr/pretty v0.1.0/go.mod h1:dAy3ld7l9f0ibDNOQOHHMYYIIbhfbHSm3C4ZsoJORN
 github.com/kr/pty v1.1.1/go.mod h1:pFQYn66WHrOpPYNljwOMqo10TkYh1fy3cYio2l3bCsQ=
 github.com/kr/text v0.1.0 h1:45sCR5RtlFHMR4UwH9sdQ5TC8v0qDQCHnXt+kaKSTVE=
 github.com/kr/text v0.1.0/go.mod h1:4Jbv+DJW3UT/LiOwJeYQe1efqtUx/iVham/4vfdArNI=
-github.com/larksuite/oapi-sdk-go/v3 v3.7.2 h1:SCIcXHRmtpQbiaZgDTDi1NYNCzrusi7ePJBR9uKoduE=
-github.com/larksuite/oapi-sdk-go/v3 v3.7.2/go.mod h1:ZEplY+kwuIrj/nqw5uSCINNATcH3KdxSN7y+UxYY5fI=
+github.com/larksuite/oapi-sdk-go/v3 v3.5.4 h1:U2S9x9LrfH++ZqJ+YAiUlqzCWJmVXhFdS8Z7rIBH8H0=
+github.com/larksuite/oapi-sdk-go/v3 v3.5.4/go.mod h1:ZEplY+kwuIrj/nqw5uSCINNATcH3KdxSN7y+UxYY5fI=
 github.com/lucasb-eyer/go-colorful v1.2.0 h1:1nnpGOrhyZZuNyfu1QjKiUICQ74+3FNCN69Aj6K7nkY=
 github.com/lucasb-eyer/go-colorful v1.2.0/go.mod h1:R4dSotOR9KMtayYi1e77YzuveK+i7ruzyGqttikkLy0=
 github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.20 h1:xfD0iDuEKnDkl03q4limB+vH+GxLEtL/jb4xVJSWWEY=

internal/affordance/affordance.go

@@ -77,15 +77,20 @@ func loadService(service string) map[string]json.RawMessage {
 // space→dot fallback covers domains where the two already coincide.
 func commandFormResolver(service string) func(string) string {
 	byForm := map[string]string{}
-	if svc, ok := registry.SchemaCatalog().Service(service); ok {
+	for _, svc := range registry.EmbeddedServicesTyped() {
+		if svc.Name != service {
+			continue
+		}
 		for _, ref := range apicatalog.ServiceMethods(svc, nil) {
 			byForm[strings.Join(ref.CommandPath()[1:], " ")] = ref.Method.ID
 		}
+		break
 	}
 	return func(h string) string {
-		if id, ok := byForm[strings.TrimSpace(h)]; ok {
+		h = strings.TrimSpace(h)
+		if id, ok := byForm[h]; ok {
 			return id
 		}
-		return headingToKey(h) // one home for the shortcut/method key convention
+		return strings.ReplaceAll(h, " ", ".")
 	}
 }

internal/affordance/affordance_test.go

@@ -7,8 +7,6 @@ import (
 	"encoding/json"
 	"testing"
 	"testing/fstest"
-
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/meta"
 )
 
 // fixtureMD is a minimal affordance source: two methods, each with a lead
@@ -86,38 +84,3 @@ func TestParseDomainMD_ParagraphNotDropped(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Errorf("custom-section paragraph not flowed through: %+v", a.Extensions)
 	}
 }
-
-// The ### Skills section merges with the domain `> skill:` default: domain
-// first, then per-command entries, de-duplicated. A command with no ### Skills
-// still inherits the domain default.
-func TestParseDomainMD_SkillsMerge(t *testing.T) {
-	md := "# d\n> skill: lark-d\n\n" +
-		"## foo\ndoes foo.\n\n### Skills\n- lark-workflow\n- lark-d\n\n" + // lark-d duplicates the domain default
-		"## bar\ndoes bar.\n"
-	got := parseDomainMD([]byte(md), nil)
-
-	if a := got["foo"]; len(a.Skills) != 2 || a.Skills[0] != "lark-d" || a.Skills[1] != "lark-workflow" {
-		t.Errorf("foo skills = %v, want [lark-d lark-workflow] (domain first, deduped)", a.Skills)
-	}
-	if a := got["bar"]; len(a.Skills) != 1 || a.Skills[0] != "lark-d" {
-		t.Errorf("bar skills = %v, want [lark-d] (domain default inherited)", a.Skills)
-	}
-}
-
-// A +-prefixed shortcut heading keys verbatim (no space->dot folding), so it
-// matches the shortcut command as mounted.
-func TestParseDomainMD_ShortcutHeadingVerbatim(t *testing.T) {
-	md := "# d\n\n## +create\ncreate via shortcut.\n"
-	got := parseDomainMD([]byte(md), nil)
-	if _, ok := got["+create"]; !ok {
-		t.Errorf("shortcut heading should key as %q; got keys %v", "+create", keysOf(got))
-	}
-}
-
-func keysOf(m map[string]meta.Affordance) []string {
-	out := make([]string, 0, len(m))
-	for k := range m {
-		out = append(out, k)
-	}
-	return out
-}

internal/affordance/mdparse.go

@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@ import (
 //	### Prerequisites   -> prerequisites   (a "…来自 [[x]]" link is a sequence edge)
 //	### Tips            -> tips
 //	### Examples        -> examples: **description** + a ```fenced``` command
-//	### Skills          -> skills: bullet skill names, added to the domain default
 //	### <other>         -> extensions[] (custom section, flows through verbatim)
 //	[[cmd]]             -> a command reference, rendered as `cmd`
 //
@@ -35,56 +34,16 @@ var standardSection = map[string]string{
 	"Prerequisites": "prerequisites",
 	"Tips":          "tips",
 	"Examples":      "examples",
-	"Skills":        "skills",
-}
-
-// mergeSkills returns the domain-default skill followed by a command's own skill
-// entries, de-duplicated in author order and empties dropped. Backticks (left by
-// the shared bullet parse) are stripped so each entry is a bare skill name.
-func mergeSkills(domain string, extra []string) []string {
-	var out []string
-	seen := map[string]bool{}
-	add := func(s string) {
-		s = strings.Trim(strings.TrimSpace(s), "`")
-		if s == "" || seen[s] {
-			return
-		}
-		seen[s] = true
-		out = append(out, s)
-	}
-	add(domain)
-	for _, s := range extra {
-		add(s)
-	}
-	return out
 }
 
 func linkToBacktick(s string) string { return mdLink.ReplaceAllString(s, "`$1`") }
 
-// SkillStatPath maps a `### Skills` entry to the path (relative to the skill
-// tree) whose existence gates it: a bare skill name resolves to its SKILL.md,
-// while an entry containing a slash is a name/relative-path reference (e.g.
-// "lark-contact/references/lark-contact-search-user.md") and resolves to that
-// path directly. Both render as `lark-cli skills read <entry>` — the slash form
-// skills read already accepts — so a per-command entry can point at that
-// command's own reference file, not just re-point the domain skill.
-func SkillStatPath(entry string) string {
-	if strings.Contains(entry, "/") {
-		return entry
-	}
-	return entry + "/SKILL.md"
-}
-
 // headingToKey maps a command heading ("instances get") to its affordance key
 // ("instances.get"). The space→dot rule holds where the command form matches
 // the method id; domains whose resource names differ (e.g. plural "messages"
 // vs id segment "message") need the registry's authoritative resource↔id table.
 func headingToKey(h string) string {
-	h = strings.TrimSpace(h)
-	if strings.HasPrefix(h, "+") { // shortcut command: key is the command verbatim
-		return h
-	}
-	return strings.ReplaceAll(h, " ", ".")
+	return strings.ReplaceAll(strings.TrimSpace(h), " ", ".")
 }
 
 type mdSection struct {
@@ -123,7 +82,6 @@ func parseDomainMD(src []byte, resolve func(string) string) map[string]meta.Affo
 		if len(useWhen) > 0 {
 			a.UseWhen = useWhen
 		}
-		var perCmdSkills []string
 		for _, s := range secs {
 			switch standardSection[s.label] {
 			case "avoid_when":
@@ -134,14 +92,12 @@ func parseDomainMD(src []byte, resolve func(string) string) map[string]meta.Affo
 				a.Tips = s.items
 			case "examples":
 				a.Examples = s.cases
-			case "skills":
-				perCmdSkills = s.items
 			default:
 				a.Extensions = append(a.Extensions, meta.AffordanceSection{Label: s.label, Items: s.items})
 			}
 		}
-		if s := mergeSkills(skill, perCmdSkills); len(s) > 0 {
-			a.Skills = s
+		if skill != "" {
+			a.Skills = []string{skill}
 		}
 		out[curKey] = a
 	}
@@ -201,7 +157,7 @@ func parseDomainMD(src []byte, resolve func(string) string) map[string]meta.Affo
 				inFence, fence = true, nil
 			} else {
 				inFence = false
-				sec.cases = append(sec.cases, meta.AffordanceCase{Description: linkToBacktick(pending), Command: strings.Join(fence, "\n")})
+				sec.cases = append(sec.cases, meta.AffordanceCase{Description: pending, Command: strings.Join(fence, "\n")})
 				pending = ""
 			}
 			continue

internal/auth/app_registration.go

@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ package auth
 import (
 	"context"
 	"encoding/json"
-	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"net/http"
@@ -17,46 +16,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
 )
 
-// Terminal registration outcomes, exposed for typed classification by callers.
-var (
-	ErrRegistrationDenied   = errors.New("app registration denied by user")
-	ErrRegistrationExpired  = errors.New("device code expired, please try again")
-	ErrRegistrationTimedOut = errors.New("app registration timed out, please try again")
-)
-
-// Protocol defaults, mirroring the official SDK registration flow.
-const (
-	registrationBootstrapBrand = core.BrandFeishu
-	defaultPollIntervalSeconds = 5
-	defaultExpireInSeconds     = 600
-	beginRequestTimeout        = 30 * time.Second
-	maxPollIntervalSeconds     = 60
-)
-
-// normalizedInterval clamps a non-positive poll interval to the protocol default.
-func normalizedInterval(v int) int {
-	if v <= 0 {
-		return defaultPollIntervalSeconds
-	}
-	return v
-}
-
-// normalizedExpireIn clamps a non-positive expiry budget to the protocol default.
-func normalizedExpireIn(v int) int {
-	if v <= 0 {
-		return defaultExpireInSeconds
-	}
-	return v
-}
-
-// registrationContextError maps a done context to its terminal reason, keeping the cause.
-func registrationContextError(ctx context.Context) error {
-	if errors.Is(ctx.Err(), context.DeadlineExceeded) {
-		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %w", ErrRegistrationTimedOut, ctx.Err())
-	}
-	return fmt.Errorf("app registration cancelled: %w", ctx.Err())
-}
-
 // AppRegistrationResponse is the response from the app registration begin endpoint.
 type AppRegistrationResponse struct {
 	DeviceCode              string
@@ -80,24 +39,15 @@ type AppRegUserInfo struct {
 	TenantBrand string // "feishu" or "lark"
 }
 
-// appRegistrationEndpoint returns the brand's accounts registration endpoint.
-func appRegistrationEndpoint(brand core.LarkBrand) string {
-	return core.ResolveEndpoints(brand).Accounts + PathAppRegistration
-}
-
-// RequestAppRegistration initiates the device flow. The registration protocol
-// always bootstraps on Feishu; brand selects the user-facing verification host.
-// The request is bounded by ctx and a begin timeout.
-func RequestAppRegistration(ctx context.Context, httpClient *http.Client, brand core.LarkBrand, errOut io.Writer) (*AppRegistrationResponse, error) {
+// RequestAppRegistration initiates the app registration device flow.
+func RequestAppRegistration(httpClient *http.Client, brand core.LarkBrand, errOut io.Writer) (*AppRegistrationResponse, error) {
 	if errOut == nil {
 		errOut = io.Discard
 	}
 
-	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, beginRequestTimeout)
-	defer cancel()
-
 	ep := core.ResolveEndpoints(brand)
-	endpoint := appRegistrationEndpoint(registrationBootstrapBrand)
+	regEp := core.ResolveEndpoints(core.BrandFeishu) // registration begin always uses feishu
+	endpoint := regEp.Accounts + PathAppRegistration
 
 	form := url.Values{}
 	form.Set("action", "begin")
@@ -105,7 +55,7 @@ func RequestAppRegistration(ctx context.Context, httpClient *http.Client, brand
 	form.Set("auth_method", "client_secret")
 	form.Set("request_user_info", "open_id tenant_brand")
 
-	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, "POST", endpoint, strings.NewReader(form.Encode()))
+	req, err := http.NewRequest("POST", endpoint, strings.NewReader(form.Encode()))
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -120,7 +70,7 @@ func RequestAppRegistration(ctx context.Context, httpClient *http.Client, brand
 
 	body, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("app registration failed: read body: %w", err)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("app registration failed: read body: %v", err)
 	}
 
 	var data map[string]interface{}
@@ -140,26 +90,15 @@ func RequestAppRegistration(ctx context.Context, httpClient *http.Client, brand
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("app registration failed: %s", msg)
 	}
 
-	// The protocol field is expire_in; accept the legacy expires_in spelling,
-	// then normalize to protocol defaults.
-	expiresIn := getInt(data, "expire_in", 0)
-	if expiresIn <= 0 {
-		expiresIn = getInt(data, "expires_in", 0)
-	}
-	expiresIn = normalizedExpireIn(expiresIn)
-	interval := normalizedInterval(getInt(data, "interval", 0))
-
-	deviceCode := getStr(data, "device_code")
-	if deviceCode == "" {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("app registration failed: response missing device_code")
-	}
+	expiresIn := getInt(data, "expires_in", 300)
+	interval := getInt(data, "interval", 5)
 
 	userCode := getStr(data, "user_code")
 	verificationUri := getStr(data, "verification_uri")
 	verificationUriComplete := fmt.Sprintf("%s/page/cli?user_code=%s", ep.Open, userCode)
 
 	return &AppRegistrationResponse{
-		DeviceCode:              deviceCode,
+		DeviceCode:              getStr(data, "device_code"),
 		UserCode:                getStr(data, "user_code"),
 		VerificationUri:         verificationUri,
 		VerificationUriComplete: verificationUriComplete,
@@ -179,97 +118,72 @@ func BuildVerificationURL(baseURL, cliVersion string) string {
 		"&from=cli"
 }
 
-// pollOnce performs one ctx-bound poll request and decodes the payload.
-func pollOnce(ctx context.Context, httpClient *http.Client, brand core.LarkBrand, deviceCode string) (map[string]interface{}, error) {
-	form := url.Values{}
-	form.Set("action", "poll")
-	form.Set("device_code", deviceCode)
-
-	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, "POST", appRegistrationEndpoint(brand), strings.NewReader(form.Encode()))
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("poll request: %w", err)
-	}
-	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded")
-
-	resp, err := httpClient.Do(req)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("poll network error: %w", err)
-	}
-	defer resp.Body.Close()
-	logHTTPResponse(resp)
-
-	body, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("poll read error: %w", err)
-	}
-	var data map[string]interface{}
-	if err := json.Unmarshal(body, &data); err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("poll parse error: %w", err)
-	}
-	return data, nil
-}
-
-// RegisterAppWithDiscovery polls for credentials, mirroring the official SDK
-// flow: the first poll and the (at most one) cross-brand switch are immediate,
-// non-error responses without complete credentials keep polling, and one
-// deadline from the begin expiry bounds all waits and in-flight requests.
-// The returned brand is the one the credentials were issued on.
-func RegisterAppWithDiscovery(ctx context.Context, httpClient *http.Client, resp *AppRegistrationResponse, errOut io.Writer) (*AppRegistrationResult, core.LarkBrand, error) {
+// PollAppRegistration polls the app registration endpoint until the app is created or the flow times out.
+// If the result has ClientSecret == "" and UserInfo.TenantBrand == "lark", the caller should
+// retry with BrandLark to get the secret from accounts.larksuite.com.
+func PollAppRegistration(ctx context.Context, httpClient *http.Client, brand core.LarkBrand, deviceCode string, interval, expiresIn int, errOut io.Writer) (*AppRegistrationResult, error) {
 	if errOut == nil {
 		errOut = io.Discard
 	}
 
-	// Interval and expiry arrive normalized from begin-response parsing
-	// (normalizedInterval floors them there); the loop trusts them as-is.
-	interval := resp.Interval
-	ctx, cancel := context.WithDeadline(ctx,
-		time.Now().Add(time.Duration(resp.ExpiresIn)*time.Second))
-	defer cancel()
+	const maxPollInterval = 60
+	const maxPollAttempts = 200
 
-	currentBrand := registrationBootstrapBrand
-	effectiveBrand := currentBrand
-	switched := false
-	waitBeforePoll := false
+	ep := core.ResolveEndpoints(brand)
+	endpoint := ep.Accounts + PathAppRegistration
+	deadline := time.Now().Add(time.Duration(expiresIn) * time.Second)
+	currentInterval := interval
+	attempts := 0
 
-	for {
-		if waitBeforePoll {
-			select {
-			case <-time.After(time.Duration(interval) * time.Second):
-			case <-ctx.Done():
-				return nil, effectiveBrand, registrationContextError(ctx)
-			}
-		}
-		waitBeforePoll = true
+	for time.Now().Before(deadline) && attempts < maxPollAttempts {
+		attempts++
 		if ctx.Err() != nil {
-			return nil, effectiveBrand, registrationContextError(ctx)
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("polling was cancelled")
 		}
 
-		data, err := pollOnce(ctx, httpClient, currentBrand, resp.DeviceCode)
+		select {
+		case <-time.After(time.Duration(currentInterval) * time.Second):
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("polling was cancelled")
+		}
+
+		form := url.Values{}
+		form.Set("action", "poll")
+		form.Set("device_code", deviceCode)
+
+		req, err := http.NewRequest("POST", endpoint, strings.NewReader(form.Encode()))
 		if err != nil {
-			fmt.Fprintf(errOut, "[lark-cli] [WARN] app-registration: %v\n", err)
-			interval = minInt(interval+1, maxPollIntervalSeconds)
+			continue
+		}
+		req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded")
+
+		resp, err := httpClient.Do(req)
+		if err != nil {
+			fmt.Fprintf(errOut, "[lark-cli] [WARN] app-registration: poll network error: %v\n", err)
+			currentInterval = minInt(currentInterval+1, maxPollInterval)
+			continue
+		}
+		logHTTPResponse(resp)
+
+		body, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
+		resp.Body.Close()
+		if err != nil {
+			fmt.Fprintf(errOut, "[lark-cli] [WARN] app-registration: poll read error: %v\n", err)
+			currentInterval = minInt(currentInterval+1, maxPollInterval)
 			continue
 		}
 
-		// A cross-brand tenant report switches the polled domain (once,
-		// immediately) regardless of the accompanying status — the signal can
-		// arrive alongside authorization_pending, mirroring the official SDK.
-		if !switched {
-			if userInfoRaw, ok := data["user_info"].(map[string]interface{}); ok {
-				if tb := getStr(userInfoRaw, "tenant_brand"); tb != "" {
-					if actual := core.ParseBrand(tb); actual != currentBrand {
-						currentBrand = actual
-						effectiveBrand = actual
-						switched = true
-						waitBeforePoll = false
-						continue
-					}
-				}
-			}
+		var data map[string]interface{}
+		if err := json.Unmarshal(body, &data); err != nil {
+			fmt.Fprintf(errOut, "[lark-cli] [WARN] app-registration: poll parse error: %v\n", err)
+			currentInterval = minInt(currentInterval+1, maxPollInterval)
+			continue
 		}
 
 		errStr := getStr(data, "error")
-		if errStr == "" {
+
+		// Success: client_id present
+		if errStr == "" && getStr(data, "client_id") != "" {
 			result := &AppRegistrationResult{
 				ClientID:     getStr(data, "client_id"),
 				ClientSecret: getStr(data, "client_secret"),
@@ -280,37 +194,34 @@ func RegisterAppWithDiscovery(ctx context.Context, httpClient *http.Client, resp
 					TenantBrand: getStr(userInfoRaw, "tenant_brand"),
 				}
 			}
-
-			if result.ClientID != "" && result.ClientSecret != "" {
-				// The issuing domain is authoritative; a contradictory final
-				// tenant report is a protocol violation, not a brand override.
-				if result.UserInfo != nil && result.UserInfo.TenantBrand != "" &&
-					core.ParseBrand(result.UserInfo.TenantBrand) != effectiveBrand {
-					return nil, effectiveBrand, fmt.Errorf("app registration returned credentials with a contradictory tenant brand %q", result.UserInfo.TenantBrand)
-				}
-				return result, effectiveBrand, nil
-			}
-			// Incomplete credentials without an error: keep polling.
-			continue
+			return result, nil
 		}
 
 		switch errStr {
 		case "authorization_pending":
 			continue
 		case "slow_down":
-			interval = minInt(interval+5, maxPollIntervalSeconds)
-			fmt.Fprintf(errOut, "[lark-cli] app-registration: slow_down, interval increased to %ds\n", interval)
+			currentInterval = minInt(currentInterval+5, maxPollInterval)
+			fmt.Fprintf(errOut, "[lark-cli] app-registration: slow_down, interval increased to %ds\n", currentInterval)
 			continue
 		case "access_denied":
-			return nil, effectiveBrand, ErrRegistrationDenied
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("app registration denied by user")
 		case "expired_token", "invalid_grant":
-			return nil, effectiveBrand, ErrRegistrationExpired
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("device code expired, please try again")
 		}
 
 		desc := getStr(data, "error_description")
 		if desc == "" {
 			desc = errStr
 		}
-		return nil, effectiveBrand, fmt.Errorf("app registration failed: %s", desc)
+		if desc == "" {
+			desc = "Unknown error"
+		}
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("app registration failed: %s", desc)
 	}
+
+	if attempts >= maxPollAttempts {
+		fmt.Fprintf(errOut, "[lark-cli] [WARN] app-registration: max poll attempts (%d) reached\n", maxPollAttempts)
+	}
+	return nil, fmt.Errorf("app registration timed out, please try again")
 }

internal/auth/app_registration_test.go

@@ -4,28 +4,11 @@
 package auth
 
 import (
-	"context"
-	"errors"
-	"io"
-	"net/http"
-	"strings"
 	"testing"
-	"time"
 
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
 	"github.com/smartystreets/goconvey/convey"
 )
 
-// jsonResponse builds a canned registration response (transport fakes reuse
-// roundTripFunc from device_flow_test.go).
-func jsonResponse(body string) *http.Response {
-	return &http.Response{
-		StatusCode: http.StatusOK,
-		Body:       io.NopCloser(strings.NewReader(body)),
-		Header:     make(http.Header),
-	}
-}
-
 // Test_BuildVerificationURL verifies that tracking parameters are correctly appended.
 func Test_BuildVerificationURL(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Run("URL不含问号则添加?分隔符", func(t *testing.T) {
@@ -48,358 +31,3 @@ func Test_BuildVerificationURL(t *testing.T) {
 		})
 	})
 }
-
-func TestAppRegistrationEndpoint(t *testing.T) {
-	cases := []struct {
-		brand core.LarkBrand
-		want  string
-	}{
-		{core.BrandFeishu, "https://accounts.feishu.cn" + PathAppRegistration},
-		{core.BrandLark, "https://accounts.larksuite.com" + PathAppRegistration},
-	}
-	for _, c := range cases {
-		if got := appRegistrationEndpoint(c.brand); got != c.want {
-			t.Errorf("brand %q: endpoint = %q, want %q", c.brand, got, c.want)
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-func TestRequestAppRegistration_UsesFeishuBootstrapAndConfiguredVerificationBrand(t *testing.T) {
-	cases := []struct {
-		brand            core.LarkBrand
-		verificationHost string
-	}{
-		{core.BrandFeishu, "open.feishu.cn"},
-		{core.BrandLark, "open.larksuite.com"},
-	}
-	for _, c := range cases {
-		t.Run(string(c.brand), func(t *testing.T) {
-			client := &http.Client{Transport: roundTripFunc(func(r *http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
-				if got, want := r.URL.Host, "accounts.feishu.cn"; got != want {
-					t.Errorf("begin host = %q, want bootstrap host %q", got, want)
-				}
-				return jsonResponse(`{"device_code":"d","user_code":"TEST-CODE","expire_in":60,"interval":5}`), nil
-			})}
-			resp, err := RequestAppRegistration(context.Background(), client, c.brand, io.Discard)
-			if err != nil {
-				t.Fatalf("RequestAppRegistration(%q) error = %v", c.brand, err)
-			}
-			if !strings.HasPrefix(resp.VerificationUriComplete, "https://"+c.verificationHost+"/page/cli?") {
-				t.Errorf("verification URL = %q, want host %q", resp.VerificationUriComplete, c.verificationHost)
-			}
-		})
-	}
-}
-
-// Full Lark routing contract: Lark selects the Lark verification page, while
-// registration bootstraps on Feishu and switches only after the tenant signal.
-// The Lark credential response omits user_info, so the effective domain must
-// still determine the saved brand.
-func TestRegisterAppWithDiscovery_LarkFlowUsesProtocolBootstrap(t *testing.T) {
-	var calls []string
-	client := &http.Client{Transport: roundTripFunc(func(r *http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
-		if err := r.ParseForm(); err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("parse form: %v", err)
-		}
-		action := r.Form.Get("action")
-		calls = append(calls, action+"@"+r.URL.Host)
-		if action == "begin" {
-			return jsonResponse(`{"device_code":"device","user_code":"TEST-CODE","expire_in":60,"interval":0}`), nil
-		}
-		switch r.URL.Host {
-		case "accounts.feishu.cn":
-			return jsonResponse(`{"user_info":{"open_id":"ou_x","tenant_brand":"lark"}}`), nil
-		case "accounts.larksuite.com":
-			return jsonResponse(`{"client_id":"cli_x","client_secret":"test-secret"}`), nil
-		}
-		t.Errorf("unexpected host polled: %s", r.URL.Host)
-		return jsonResponse(`{}`), nil
-	})}
-	resp, err := RequestAppRegistration(context.Background(), client, core.BrandLark, io.Discard)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("RequestAppRegistration error = %v", err)
-	}
-	if got, want := resp.VerificationUriComplete, "https://open.larksuite.com/page/cli?user_code=TEST-CODE"; got != want {
-		t.Errorf("verification URL = %q, want %q", got, want)
-	}
-
-	result, finalBrand, err := RegisterAppWithDiscovery(context.Background(), client, resp, io.Discard)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("RegisterAppWithDiscovery error = %v, want nil", err)
-	}
-	if finalBrand != core.BrandLark {
-		t.Errorf("finalBrand = %q, want %q (credentials were issued on the lark domain)", finalBrand, core.BrandLark)
-	}
-	if result.ClientID != "cli_x" || result.ClientSecret != "test-secret" {
-		t.Errorf("credentials = (%q, %q), want (cli_x, test-secret)", result.ClientID, result.ClientSecret)
-	}
-	want := []string{"begin@accounts.feishu.cn", "poll@accounts.feishu.cn", "poll@accounts.larksuite.com"}
-	if len(calls) != len(want) {
-		t.Fatalf("calls = %v, want %v", calls, want)
-	}
-	for i := range want {
-		if calls[i] != want[i] {
-			t.Errorf("calls = %v, want %v", calls, want)
-			break
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-// Plain path: the bootstrap domain can return complete Feishu credentials in
-// one poll, even when user_info is absent.
-func TestRegisterAppWithDiscovery_BootstrapBrandSinglePoll(t *testing.T) {
-	polls := 0
-	client := &http.Client{Transport: roundTripFunc(func(r *http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
-		polls++
-		if got, want := r.URL.Host, "accounts.feishu.cn"; got != want {
-			t.Errorf("poll host = %q, want %q", got, want)
-		}
-		return jsonResponse(`{"client_id":"cli_x","client_secret":"test-secret"}`), nil
-	})}
-	resp := &AppRegistrationResponse{DeviceCode: "device", Interval: 0, ExpiresIn: 5}
-
-	_, finalBrand, err := RegisterAppWithDiscovery(context.Background(), client, resp, io.Discard)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("RegisterAppWithDiscovery error = %v, want nil", err)
-	}
-	if finalBrand != core.BrandFeishu {
-		t.Errorf("finalBrand = %q, want %q", finalBrand, core.BrandFeishu)
-	}
-	if polls != 1 {
-		t.Errorf("polls = %d, want 1", polls)
-	}
-}
-
-// The discovery deadline must cancel in-flight requests: the fake transport
-// hangs until the request context is done.
-func TestRegisterAppWithDiscovery_DeadlineBoundsInFlightRequests(t *testing.T) {
-	client := &http.Client{Transport: roundTripFunc(func(r *http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
-		<-r.Context().Done()
-		return nil, r.Context().Err()
-	})}
-	resp := &AppRegistrationResponse{DeviceCode: "device", Interval: 0, ExpiresIn: 1}
-
-	start := time.Now()
-	_, _, err := RegisterAppWithDiscovery(context.Background(), client, resp, io.Discard)
-	if err == nil {
-		t.Fatal("expected timeout error, got nil")
-	}
-	if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "timed out") {
-		t.Errorf("error = %v, want a timed-out terminal reason", err)
-	}
-	if elapsed := time.Since(start); elapsed > 3*time.Second {
-		t.Errorf("discovery not bounded by its deadline: took %v", elapsed)
-	}
-}
-
-// Empty payloads and incomplete same-brand responses are not terminal.
-func TestRegisterAppWithDiscovery_PollsUntilCredentials(t *testing.T) {
-	responses := []string{
-		`{}`,
-		`{"client_id":"cli_x","user_info":{"open_id":"ou_x","tenant_brand":"feishu"}}`,
-		`{"client_id":"cli_x","client_secret":"test-secret","user_info":{"open_id":"ou_x","tenant_brand":"feishu"}}`,
-	}
-	polls := 0
-	client := &http.Client{Transport: roundTripFunc(func(r *http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
-		body := responses[polls]
-		polls++
-		return jsonResponse(body), nil
-	})}
-	resp := &AppRegistrationResponse{DeviceCode: "device", Interval: 0, ExpiresIn: 5}
-
-	result, finalBrand, err := RegisterAppWithDiscovery(context.Background(), client, resp, io.Discard)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("RegisterAppWithDiscovery error = %v, want nil", err)
-	}
-	if polls != 3 {
-		t.Errorf("polls = %d, want 3", polls)
-	}
-	if result.ClientSecret != "test-secret" || finalBrand != core.BrandFeishu {
-		t.Errorf("result = (%q, %q), want (test-secret, feishu)", result.ClientSecret, finalBrand)
-	}
-}
-
-// Neither the first poll nor the cross-brand switch waits out the interval
-// (a 5s interval would blow the elapsed bound).
-func TestRegisterAppWithDiscovery_ImmediateFirstPollAndSwitch(t *testing.T) {
-	var polledHosts []string
-	client := &http.Client{Transport: roundTripFunc(func(r *http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
-		polledHosts = append(polledHosts, r.URL.Host)
-		if r.URL.Host == "accounts.feishu.cn" {
-			return jsonResponse(`{"user_info":{"open_id":"ou_x","tenant_brand":"lark"}}`), nil
-		}
-		return jsonResponse(`{"client_id":"cli_x","client_secret":"test-secret"}`), nil
-	})}
-	resp := &AppRegistrationResponse{DeviceCode: "device", Interval: 5, ExpiresIn: 60}
-
-	start := time.Now()
-	result, finalBrand, err := RegisterAppWithDiscovery(context.Background(), client, resp, io.Discard)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("RegisterAppWithDiscovery error = %v, want nil", err)
-	}
-	if elapsed := time.Since(start); elapsed > 2*time.Second {
-		t.Errorf("discovery waited an interval somewhere: took %v", elapsed)
-	}
-	if finalBrand != core.BrandLark || result.ClientSecret != "test-secret" {
-		t.Errorf("result = (%q, %q), want (test-secret, lark)", result.ClientSecret, finalBrand)
-	}
-	want := []string{"accounts.feishu.cn", "accounts.larksuite.com"}
-	if len(polledHosts) != 2 || polledHosts[0] != want[0] || polledHosts[1] != want[1] {
-		t.Errorf("polled hosts = %v, want %v", polledHosts, want)
-	}
-}
-
-// Denial and expiry map to sentinels; cancellation preserves its cause.
-func TestRegisterAppWithDiscovery_TerminalSentinels(t *testing.T) {
-	deny := &http.Client{Transport: roundTripFunc(func(r *http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
-		return jsonResponse(`{"error":"access_denied"}`), nil
-	})}
-	resp := &AppRegistrationResponse{DeviceCode: "device", Interval: 0, ExpiresIn: 5}
-	_, _, err := RegisterAppWithDiscovery(context.Background(), deny, resp, io.Discard)
-	if !errors.Is(err, ErrRegistrationDenied) {
-		t.Errorf("denied err = %v, want ErrRegistrationDenied", err)
-	}
-
-	expired := &http.Client{Transport: roundTripFunc(func(r *http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
-		return jsonResponse(`{"error":"expired_token"}`), nil
-	})}
-	_, _, err = RegisterAppWithDiscovery(context.Background(), expired, resp, io.Discard)
-	if !errors.Is(err, ErrRegistrationExpired) {
-		t.Errorf("expired err = %v, want ErrRegistrationExpired", err)
-	}
-
-	cancelledCtx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
-	cancel()
-	_, _, err = RegisterAppWithDiscovery(cancelledCtx, deny, resp, io.Discard)
-	if !errors.Is(err, context.Canceled) {
-		t.Errorf("cancelled err = %v, want a context.Canceled cause", err)
-	}
-}
-
-// Begin parsing: expire_in (legacy expires_in fallback), normalization, and
-// required device_code.
-func TestRequestAppRegistration_ProtocolFields(t *testing.T) {
-	serve := func(body string) *http.Client {
-		return &http.Client{Transport: roundTripFunc(func(r *http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
-			return jsonResponse(body), nil
-		})}
-	}
-
-	resp, err := RequestAppRegistration(context.Background(),
-		serve(`{"device_code":"d","expire_in":60,"interval":3}`), core.BrandFeishu, io.Discard)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("begin error = %v", err)
-	}
-	if resp.ExpiresIn != 60 || resp.Interval != 3 {
-		t.Errorf("parsed (expire=%d, interval=%d), want (60, 3)", resp.ExpiresIn, resp.Interval)
-	}
-
-	resp, err = RequestAppRegistration(context.Background(),
-		serve(`{"device_code":"d","expires_in":45}`), core.BrandFeishu, io.Discard)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("legacy begin error = %v", err)
-	}
-	if resp.ExpiresIn != 45 || resp.Interval != 5 {
-		t.Errorf("legacy parsed (expire=%d, interval=%d), want (45, 5 — normalized default)", resp.ExpiresIn, resp.Interval)
-	}
-
-	resp, err = RequestAppRegistration(context.Background(),
-		serve(`{"device_code":"d","interval":0}`), core.BrandFeishu, io.Discard)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("defaults begin error = %v", err)
-	}
-	if resp.ExpiresIn != 600 || resp.Interval != 5 {
-		t.Errorf("defaults parsed (expire=%d, interval=%d), want (600, 5)", resp.ExpiresIn, resp.Interval)
-	}
-
-	if _, err := RequestAppRegistration(context.Background(),
-		serve(`{"interval":5}`), core.BrandFeishu, io.Discard); err == nil {
-		t.Error("missing device_code: expected error, got nil")
-	}
-}
-
-// A tenant signal arriving alongside authorization_pending must still switch
-// the polled domain (the official SDK checks the signal before the error).
-func TestRegisterAppWithDiscovery_PendingWithTenantSignalSwitches(t *testing.T) {
-	var polledHosts []string
-	client := &http.Client{Transport: roundTripFunc(func(r *http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
-		polledHosts = append(polledHosts, r.URL.Host)
-		if r.URL.Host == "accounts.feishu.cn" {
-			return jsonResponse(`{"error":"authorization_pending","user_info":{"tenant_brand":"lark"}}`), nil
-		}
-		return jsonResponse(`{"client_id":"cli_x","client_secret":"test-secret"}`), nil
-	})}
-	resp := &AppRegistrationResponse{DeviceCode: "device", Interval: 0, ExpiresIn: 5}
-
-	result, finalBrand, err := RegisterAppWithDiscovery(context.Background(), client, resp, io.Discard)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("RegisterAppWithDiscovery error = %v, want nil", err)
-	}
-	if finalBrand != core.BrandLark || result.ClientSecret != "test-secret" {
-		t.Errorf("result = (%q, %q), want (test-secret, lark)", result.ClientSecret, finalBrand)
-	}
-	want := []string{"accounts.feishu.cn", "accounts.larksuite.com"}
-	if len(polledHosts) != 2 || polledHosts[0] != want[0] || polledHosts[1] != want[1] {
-		t.Errorf("polled hosts = %v, want %v", polledHosts, want)
-	}
-}
-
-// Polling has no attempt cap: only the expiry budget terminates the loop.
-func TestRegisterAppWithDiscovery_NoAttemptCap(t *testing.T) {
-	polls := 0
-	client := &http.Client{Transport: roundTripFunc(func(r *http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
-		polls++
-		if polls <= 250 {
-			return jsonResponse(`{"error":"authorization_pending"}`), nil
-		}
-		return jsonResponse(`{"client_id":"cli_x","client_secret":"test-secret"}`), nil
-	})}
-	resp := &AppRegistrationResponse{DeviceCode: "device", Interval: 0, ExpiresIn: 30}
-
-	result, _, err := RegisterAppWithDiscovery(context.Background(), client, resp, io.Discard)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("RegisterAppWithDiscovery error = %v, want nil (no attempts cap)", err)
-	}
-	if polls != 251 || result.ClientSecret != "test-secret" {
-		t.Errorf("polls = %d (want 251), secret = %q", polls, result.ClientSecret)
-	}
-}
-
-// A final tenant report contradicting the issuing domain is a protocol
-// violation, not a brand override: the saved brand must never diverge from
-// the domain that issued the credentials.
-func TestRegisterAppWithDiscovery_ContradictoryFinalBrandFails(t *testing.T) {
-	client := &http.Client{Transport: roundTripFunc(func(r *http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
-		if r.URL.Host == "accounts.feishu.cn" {
-			return jsonResponse(`{"error":"authorization_pending","user_info":{"tenant_brand":"lark"}}`), nil
-		}
-		// The lark domain issues credentials but reports a feishu tenant.
-		return jsonResponse(`{"client_id":"cli_x","client_secret":"test-secret","user_info":{"tenant_brand":"feishu"}}`), nil
-	})}
-	resp := &AppRegistrationResponse{DeviceCode: "device", Interval: 0, ExpiresIn: 5}
-
-	_, _, err := RegisterAppWithDiscovery(context.Background(), client, resp, io.Discard)
-	if err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "contradictory tenant brand") {
-		t.Errorf("err = %v, want contradictory-tenant-brand protocol error", err)
-	}
-}
-
-// A cancelled body read during begin must keep its context cause so the
-// command layer classifies it as a cancellation, not an API failure.
-func TestRequestAppRegistration_BodyReadCancelKeepsCause(t *testing.T) {
-	client := &http.Client{Transport: roundTripFunc(func(r *http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
-		return &http.Response{
-			StatusCode: http.StatusOK,
-			Body:       io.NopCloser(&errReader{err: context.Canceled}),
-			Header:     make(http.Header),
-		}, nil
-	})}
-	_, err := RequestAppRegistration(context.Background(), client, core.BrandFeishu, io.Discard)
-	if !errors.Is(err, context.Canceled) {
-		t.Errorf("err = %v, want a context.Canceled cause", err)
-	}
-}
-
-type errReader struct{ err error }
-
-func (r *errReader) Read([]byte) (int, error) { return 0, r.err }

internal/cmdmeta/meta.go

@@ -2,11 +2,9 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
 
 // Package cmdmeta is the single source of truth for command metadata that the
-// policy engine, the hook selector, and help rendering consume. It wraps the
-// existing cmdutil annotations (risk_level, supportedIdentities) and adds the
-// "domain" axis that the hook selector and Rule path globs need, plus the
-// affordance ref (service, method id) that lets service-method and shortcut
-// help share one usage-guidance lookup path.
+// policy engine and the hook selector both consume. It wraps the existing
+// cmdutil annotations (risk_level, supportedIdentities) and adds the
+// "domain" axis that the hook selector and Rule path globs need.
 //
 // Three axes:
 //
@@ -53,12 +51,6 @@ const (
 
 	sourceAnnotationKey    = "cmdmeta.source"
 	generatedAnnotationKey = "cmdmeta.generated"
-
-	// affordance{Service,Method}Key locate the command's usage-guidance overlay
-	// entry (see internal/affordance). Both service-method commands and
-	// +-prefixed shortcuts set these so help rendering shares one lookup path.
-	affordanceServiceKey = "cmdmeta.affordance.service"
-	affordanceMethodKey  = "cmdmeta.affordance.method"
 )
 
 // Meta groups the three command-level metadata axes consumed by the policy
@@ -133,35 +125,6 @@ func SetSource(cmd *cobra.Command, source Source, generated bool) {
 	}
 }
 
-// SetAffordanceRef records which affordance overlay entry (service, method id)
-// a command maps to, so help rendering can look up its usage guidance. Stored
-// on the command itself (no inheritance): each method / shortcut owns its ref.
-// A no-op if either coordinate is empty.
-func SetAffordanceRef(cmd *cobra.Command, service, method string) {
-	if service == "" || method == "" {
-		return
-	}
-	if cmd.Annotations == nil {
-		cmd.Annotations = map[string]string{}
-	}
-	cmd.Annotations[affordanceServiceKey] = service
-	cmd.Annotations[affordanceMethodKey] = method
-}
-
-// AffordanceRef returns the command's own affordance overlay coordinates.
-// ok is false when the command carries no ref.
-func AffordanceRef(cmd *cobra.Command) (service, method string, ok bool) {
-	if cmd.Annotations == nil {
-		return "", "", false
-	}
-	service = cmd.Annotations[affordanceServiceKey]
-	method = cmd.Annotations[affordanceMethodKey]
-	if service == "" || method == "" {
-		return "", "", false
-	}
-	return service, method, true
-}
-
 // Domain returns the nearest-ancestor domain for the command. Empty string
 // when no ancestor has the annotation -- this is the "unknown" state the
 // policy engine must treat as ALLOW.

internal/cmdutil/dryrun.go

@@ -8,29 +8,15 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"net/url"
-	"regexp"
 	"sort"
 	"strings"
 
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/client"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/output"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/util"
 )
 
-var dryRunURLPlaceholderRE = regexp.MustCompile(`:([A-Za-z_][A-Za-z0-9_]*)`)
-
-// DryRunOutputOptions controls dry-run stdout/stderr rendering.
-type DryRunOutputOptions struct {
-	Format      string
-	JqExpr      string
-	CommandPath string
-	Identity    core.Identity
-	Out         io.Writer
-	ErrOut      io.Writer
-}
-
 // DryRunAPICall describes a single API call in dry-run output.
 type DryRunAPICall struct {
 	Desc   string                 `json:"desc,omitempty"`
@@ -40,21 +26,12 @@ type DryRunAPICall struct {
 	Body   interface{}            `json:"body,omitempty"`
 }
 
-// DryRunContext is the execution context shared by every dry-run preview:
-// which app would make the call and, when known, as which user. The identity
-// itself lives at the envelope top level, not here.
-type DryRunContext struct {
-	AppID      string `json:"app_id,omitempty"`
-	UserOpenID string `json:"user_open_id,omitempty"`
-}
-
 // DryRunAPI is the builder and result type for dry-run output.
 // URL templates use :param placeholders; Set stores actual values; MarshalJSON and Format resolve them.
 type DryRunAPI struct {
-	desc    string
-	calls   []DryRunAPICall
-	context *DryRunContext
-	extra   map[string]interface{}
+	desc  string
+	calls []DryRunAPICall
+	extra map[string]interface{}
 }
 
 func NewDryRunAPI() *DryRunAPI {
@@ -63,22 +40,30 @@ func NewDryRunAPI() *DryRunAPI {
 
 // --- HTTP method builders (add a call, return self for chaining) ---
 
-// call appends a request with the method transcribed verbatim, so previews
-// never misreport what the real client would send.
-func (d *DryRunAPI) call(method, url string) *DryRunAPI {
-	d.calls = append(d.calls, DryRunAPICall{Method: method, URL: url})
+func (d *DryRunAPI) GET(url string) *DryRunAPI {
+	d.calls = append(d.calls, DryRunAPICall{Method: "GET", URL: url})
 	return d
 }
 
-func (d *DryRunAPI) GET(url string) *DryRunAPI { return d.call("GET", url) }
+func (d *DryRunAPI) POST(url string) *DryRunAPI {
+	d.calls = append(d.calls, DryRunAPICall{Method: "POST", URL: url})
+	return d
+}
 
-func (d *DryRunAPI) POST(url string) *DryRunAPI { return d.call("POST", url) }
+func (d *DryRunAPI) PUT(url string) *DryRunAPI {
+	d.calls = append(d.calls, DryRunAPICall{Method: "PUT", URL: url})
+	return d
+}
 
-func (d *DryRunAPI) PUT(url string) *DryRunAPI { return d.call("PUT", url) }
+func (d *DryRunAPI) DELETE(url string) *DryRunAPI {
+	d.calls = append(d.calls, DryRunAPICall{Method: "DELETE", URL: url})
+	return d
+}
 
-func (d *DryRunAPI) DELETE(url string) *DryRunAPI { return d.call("DELETE", url) }
-
-func (d *DryRunAPI) PATCH(url string) *DryRunAPI { return d.call("PATCH", url) }
+func (d *DryRunAPI) PATCH(url string) *DryRunAPI {
+	d.calls = append(d.calls, DryRunAPICall{Method: "PATCH", URL: url})
+	return d
+}
 
 // Body sets the request body on the last added call.
 func (d *DryRunAPI) Body(body interface{}) *DryRunAPI {
@@ -113,26 +98,12 @@ func (d *DryRunAPI) Set(key string, value interface{}) *DryRunAPI {
 	return d
 }
 
-// Context records the calling app/user under data.context; empty values are
-// omitted, and a fully empty context is not emitted at all.
-func (d *DryRunAPI) Context(appID, userOpenID string) *DryRunAPI {
-	if appID == "" && userOpenID == "" {
-		return d
-	}
-	d.context = &DryRunContext{AppID: appID, UserOpenID: userOpenID}
-	return d
-}
-
 // resolveURL replaces :key placeholders in url with path-escaped values from extra.
 func (d *DryRunAPI) resolveURL(rawURL string) string {
-	return dryRunURLPlaceholderRE.ReplaceAllStringFunc(rawURL, func(token string) string {
-		name := token[1:]
-		value, ok := d.extra[name]
-		if !ok {
-			return token
-		}
-		return url.PathEscape(fmt.Sprintf("%v", value))
-	})
+	for k, v := range d.extra {
+		rawURL = strings.ReplaceAll(rawURL, ":"+k, url.PathEscape(fmt.Sprintf("%v", v)))
+	}
+	return rawURL
 }
 
 // MarshalJSON serializes as {"description": "...", "api": [...calls with resolved URLs], ...extra}.
@@ -147,17 +118,13 @@ func (d *DryRunAPI) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
 			Body:   c.Body,
 		}
 	}
-	m := make(map[string]interface{}, len(d.extra)+3)
-	for k, v := range d.extra {
-		m[k] = v
-	}
-	// Typed fields win over same-named extra keys.
+	m := make(map[string]interface{}, len(d.extra)+2)
 	if d.desc != "" {
 		m["description"] = d.desc
 	}
 	m["api"] = resolved
-	if d.context != nil {
-		m["context"] = d.context
+	for k, v := range d.extra {
+		m[k] = v
 	}
 	return json.Marshal(m)
 }
@@ -187,7 +154,11 @@ func (d *DryRunAPI) Format() string {
 			u += "?" + encodeParams(c.Params)
 		}
 
-		b.WriteString(c.Method)
+		method := c.Method
+		if method == "" {
+			method = "GET"
+		}
+		b.WriteString(method)
 		b.WriteByte(' ')
 		b.WriteString(u)
 		b.WriteByte('\n')
@@ -244,74 +215,83 @@ func encodeParams(params map[string]interface{}) string {
 	return vals.Encode()
 }
 
-// buildDryRunPreview assembles the shared preview skeleton: HTTP method, URL,
-// query params, and the app/user context common to every dry-run.
-func buildDryRunPreview(request client.RawApiRequest, config *core.CliConfig) *DryRunAPI {
-	dr := NewDryRunAPI().call(request.Method, request.URL)
+// PrintDryRunWithFile outputs a dry-run summary for file upload requests.
+// Instead of serializing the Formdata body, it shows file metadata.
+func PrintDryRunWithFile(w io.Writer, request client.RawApiRequest, config *core.CliConfig, format, fileField, filePath string, formFields any) error {
+	dr := NewDryRunAPI()
+	switch request.Method {
+	case "POST":
+		dr.POST(request.URL)
+	case "PUT":
+		dr.PUT(request.URL)
+	case "PATCH":
+		dr.PATCH(request.URL)
+	case "DELETE":
+		dr.DELETE(request.URL)
+	default:
+		dr.GET(request.URL)
+	}
 	if len(request.Params) > 0 {
 		dr.Params(request.Params)
 	}
-	// Identity is reported at the envelope top level, not duplicated here.
-	dr.Context(config.AppID, config.UserOpenId)
-	return dr
-}
-
-// PrintDryRunWithFile outputs a dry-run summary for file upload requests.
-// Instead of serializing the Formdata body, it shows file metadata.
-func PrintDryRunWithFile(request client.RawApiRequest, config *core.CliConfig, opts DryRunOutputOptions, file FileUploadMeta) error {
-	dr := buildDryRunPreview(request, config)
-	filePathDisplay := file.FilePath
+	filePathDisplay := filePath
 	if filePathDisplay == "" {
 		filePathDisplay = "<stdin>"
 	}
 	fileInfo := map[string]any{
-		"file": map[string]string{"field": file.FieldName, "path": filePathDisplay},
+		"file": map[string]string{"field": fileField, "path": filePathDisplay},
 	}
-	if file.FormFields != nil {
-		fileInfo["form_fields"] = file.FormFields
+	if formFields != nil {
+		fileInfo["form_fields"] = formFields
 	}
 	fileInfo["options"] = []string{"WithFileUpload"}
 	dr.Body(fileInfo)
-	return WriteDryRun(dr, opts)
+	dr.Set("as", string(request.As))
+	dr.Set("appId", config.AppID)
+	if config.UserOpenId != "" {
+		dr.Set("userOpenId", config.UserOpenId)
+	}
+	fmt.Fprintln(w, "=== Dry Run ===")
+	if format == "pretty" {
+		fmt.Fprint(w, dr.Format())
+	} else {
+		output.PrintJson(w, dr)
+	}
+	return nil
 }
 
 // PrintDryRun outputs a standardised dry-run summary using DryRunAPI.
 // When format is "pretty", outputs human-readable text; otherwise JSON.
-func PrintDryRun(request client.RawApiRequest, config *core.CliConfig, opts DryRunOutputOptions) error {
-	dr := buildDryRunPreview(request, config)
+func PrintDryRun(w io.Writer, request client.RawApiRequest, config *core.CliConfig, format string) error {
+	dr := NewDryRunAPI()
+	switch request.Method {
+	case "POST":
+		dr.POST(request.URL)
+	case "PUT":
+		dr.PUT(request.URL)
+	case "PATCH":
+		dr.PATCH(request.URL)
+	case "DELETE":
+		dr.DELETE(request.URL)
+	default:
+		dr.GET(request.URL)
+	}
+	if len(request.Params) > 0 {
+		dr.Params(request.Params)
+	}
 	if !util.IsNil(request.Data) {
 		dr.Body(request.Data)
 	}
-	return WriteDryRun(dr, opts)
-}
-
-// WriteDryRun emits a DryRunAPI using the shared dry-run output contract.
-// Identity may be empty; the envelope omits it rather than guessing.
-func WriteDryRun(dr *DryRunAPI, opts DryRunOutputOptions) error {
-	if dr == nil {
-		return errs.NewInternalError(errs.SubtypeUnknown, "dry-run produced no request preview")
+	dr.Set("as", string(request.As))
+	dr.Set("appId", config.AppID)
+	if config.UserOpenId != "" {
+		dr.Set("userOpenId", config.UserOpenId)
 	}
-	// The JqExpr guard is defensive: every entry point already rejects --jq
-	// combined with --format pretty via output.ValidateJqFlags.
-	if opts.Format == "pretty" && opts.JqExpr == "" {
-		// A nil ErrOut only skips the banner decoration (mirroring
-		// WriteSuccessEnvelope's warning path); the payload write to Out
-		// must fail loudly rather than be silently discarded.
-		if opts.ErrOut != nil {
-			fmt.Fprintln(opts.ErrOut, "=== Dry Run ===")
-		}
-		// stdout carries its own marker so logs that drop stderr still show
-		// this was a preview, not an executed request.
-		fmt.Fprintln(opts.Out, "# dry-run: request not sent")
-		fmt.Fprint(opts.Out, dr.Format())
-		return nil
+	fmt.Fprintln(w, "=== Dry Run ===")
+	if format == "pretty" {
+		fmt.Fprint(w, dr.Format())
+	} else {
+		output.PrintJson(w, dr)
 	}
-	return output.WriteSuccessEnvelope(dr, output.SuccessEnvelopeOptions{
-		CommandPath: opts.CommandPath,
-		Identity:    string(opts.Identity),
-		DryRun:      true,
-		JqExpr:      opts.JqExpr,
-		Out:         opts.Out,
-		ErrOut:      opts.ErrOut,
-	})
+	return nil
 }

internal/cmdutil/dryrun_test.go

@@ -6,12 +6,9 @@ package cmdutil
 import (
 	"bytes"
 	"encoding/json"
-	"errors"
-	"io"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
 
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/client"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
 )
@@ -69,31 +66,11 @@ func TestDryRunAPI_ResolveURL(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-func TestDryRunAPI_ResolveURLMatchesFullPlaceholderOnly(t *testing.T) {
-	dr := NewDryRunAPI().
-		GET("/open-apis/task/v2/tasks/:assignee_id").
-		Set("assignee", "ou_bot")
-
-	text := dr.Format()
-	if strings.Contains(text, "ou_bot_id") {
-		t.Fatalf("prefix placeholder key corrupted longer token: %s", text)
-	}
-	if !strings.Contains(text, ":assignee_id") {
-		t.Fatalf("missing unresolved placeholder, got: %s", text)
-	}
-
-	dr.Set("assignee_id", "ou_abc/123")
-	text = dr.Format()
-	if !strings.Contains(text, "/open-apis/task/v2/tasks/ou_abc%2F123") {
-		t.Fatalf("expected full placeholder replacement with path escaping, got: %s", text)
-	}
-}
-
 func TestDryRunAPI_MarshalJSON(t *testing.T) {
 	dr := NewDryRunAPI().
 		Desc("test api").
 		GET("/open-apis/test").
-		Set("note", "audit")
+		Set("as", "user")
 
 	data, err := json.Marshal(dr)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -106,8 +83,8 @@ func TestDryRunAPI_MarshalJSON(t *testing.T) {
 	if m["description"] != "test api" {
 		t.Errorf("expected description, got: %v", m["description"])
 	}
-	if m["note"] != "audit" {
-		t.Errorf("expected note=audit, got: %v", m["note"])
+	if m["as"] != "user" {
+		t.Errorf("expected as=user, got: %v", m["as"])
 	}
 	api, ok := m["api"].([]interface{})
 	if !ok || len(api) != 1 {
@@ -146,67 +123,31 @@ func TestDryRunAPI_ExtraFieldsOnly(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestPrintDryRun_JSON(t *testing.T) {
 	var buf bytes.Buffer
-	var errBuf bytes.Buffer
-	err := PrintDryRun(client.RawApiRequest{
+	err := PrintDryRun(&buf, client.RawApiRequest{
 		Method: "GET",
 		URL:    "/open-apis/test",
 		As:     "user",
-	}, &core.CliConfig{AppID: "app123"}, DryRunOutputOptions{
-		Format:      "json",
-		CommandPath: "lark-cli api",
-		Identity:    core.AsUser,
-		Out:         &buf,
-		ErrOut:      &errBuf,
-	})
+	}, &core.CliConfig{AppID: "app123"}, "json")
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("PrintDryRun failed: %v", err)
 	}
 	out := buf.String()
-	if strings.Contains(out, "=== Dry Run ===") {
-		t.Fatalf("JSON stdout must not contain banner, got: %s", out)
+	if !strings.Contains(out, "=== Dry Run ===") {
+		t.Errorf("expected header, got: %s", out)
 	}
-	var env map[string]interface{}
-	if err := json.Unmarshal(buf.Bytes(), &env); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("dry-run stdout is not JSON: %v\n%s", err, out)
-	}
-	if env["ok"] != true || env["identity"] != "user" || env["dry_run"] != true {
-		t.Fatalf("unexpected envelope: %#v", env)
-	}
-	data, ok := env["data"].(map[string]interface{})
-	if !ok {
-		t.Fatalf("unexpected data: %#v", env["data"])
-	}
-	dctx, ok := data["context"].(map[string]interface{})
-	if !ok || dctx["app_id"] != "app123" {
-		t.Fatalf("unexpected data.context: %#v", data["context"])
-	}
-	if _, exists := data["as"]; exists {
-		t.Fatalf("data.as must not appear; identity lives at the envelope top level: %#v", data)
-	}
-	api, ok := data["api"].([]interface{})
-	if !ok || len(api) != 1 {
-		t.Fatalf("api = %#v, want one call", data["api"])
-	}
-	call, ok := api[0].(map[string]interface{})
-	if !ok || call["url"] != "/open-apis/test" {
-		t.Fatalf("api[0] = %#v", api[0])
+	if !strings.Contains(out, "app123") {
+		t.Errorf("expected appId in output, got: %s", out)
 	}
 }
 
 func TestPrintDryRun_Pretty(t *testing.T) {
 	var buf bytes.Buffer
-	var errBuf bytes.Buffer
-	err := PrintDryRun(client.RawApiRequest{
+	err := PrintDryRun(&buf, client.RawApiRequest{
 		Method: "POST",
 		URL:    "/open-apis/test",
 		Data:   map[string]interface{}{"key": "val"},
 		As:     "bot",
-	}, &core.CliConfig{AppID: "app456"}, DryRunOutputOptions{
-		Format:   "pretty",
-		Identity: core.AsBot,
-		Out:      &buf,
-		ErrOut:   &errBuf,
-	})
+	}, &core.CliConfig{AppID: "app456"}, "pretty")
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("PrintDryRun failed: %v", err)
 	}
@@ -214,136 +155,6 @@ func TestPrintDryRun_Pretty(t *testing.T) {
 	if !strings.Contains(out, "POST /open-apis/test") {
 		t.Errorf("expected POST line in pretty output, got: %s", out)
 	}
-	if !strings.HasPrefix(out, "# dry-run: request not sent\n") {
-		t.Fatalf("pretty stdout should start with the dry-run marker, got: %s", out)
-	}
-	if strings.Contains(out, "=== Dry Run ===") {
-		t.Fatalf("pretty stdout must not contain banner, got: %s", out)
-	}
-	if !strings.Contains(errBuf.String(), "=== Dry Run ===") {
-		t.Fatalf("pretty stderr should contain banner, got: %s", errBuf.String())
-	}
-}
-
-func TestPrintDryRun_WithJqUsesEnvelope(t *testing.T) {
-	var buf bytes.Buffer
-	err := PrintDryRun(client.RawApiRequest{
-		Method: "GET",
-		URL:    "/open-apis/test",
-		As:     "bot",
-	}, &core.CliConfig{AppID: "app123"}, DryRunOutputOptions{
-		Format:   "json",
-		JqExpr:   ".data.api[0].url",
-		Identity: core.AsBot,
-		Out:      &buf,
-		ErrOut:   io.Discard,
-	})
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("PrintDryRun failed: %v", err)
-	}
-	if got := strings.TrimSpace(buf.String()); got != "/open-apis/test" {
-		t.Fatalf("jq output = %q, want /open-apis/test", got)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestPrintDryRunWithFile_JSONEnvelope(t *testing.T) {
-	var buf bytes.Buffer
-	err := PrintDryRunWithFile(client.RawApiRequest{
-		Method: "POST",
-		URL:    "/open-apis/drive/v1/files/upload_all",
-		As:     "bot",
-	}, &core.CliConfig{AppID: "app123", UserOpenId: "ou_tester"}, DryRunOutputOptions{
-		Format:   "json",
-		Identity: core.AsBot,
-		Out:      &buf,
-		ErrOut:   io.Discard,
-	}, FileUploadMeta{FieldName: "file", FilePath: "report.txt", FormFields: map[string]any{"parent": "fld"}})
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("PrintDryRunWithFile failed: %v", err)
-	}
-	var env map[string]interface{}
-	if err := json.Unmarshal(buf.Bytes(), &env); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("dry-run stdout is not JSON: %v\n%s", err, buf.String())
-	}
-	if env["dry_run"] != true {
-		t.Fatalf("dry_run = %#v, want true", env["dry_run"])
-	}
-	data := env["data"].(map[string]interface{})
-	api := data["api"].([]interface{})
-	call := api[0].(map[string]interface{})
-	body := call["body"].(map[string]interface{})
-	file := body["file"].(map[string]interface{})
-	if file["path"] != "report.txt" {
-		t.Fatalf("file body = %#v", body)
-	}
-	dctx, ok := data["context"].(map[string]interface{})
-	if !ok || dctx["app_id"] != "app123" || dctx["user_open_id"] != "ou_tester" {
-		t.Fatalf("unexpected data.context: %#v", data["context"])
-	}
-	for _, legacy := range []string{"as", "appId", "userOpenId"} {
-		if _, exists := data[legacy]; exists {
-			t.Fatalf("legacy key %q must not appear in data: %#v", legacy, data)
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-func TestPrintDryRun_MethodTranscribedVerbatim(t *testing.T) {
-	var buf bytes.Buffer
-	err := PrintDryRun(client.RawApiRequest{
-		Method: "OPTIONS",
-		URL:    "/open-apis/test",
-		As:     "bot",
-	}, &core.CliConfig{AppID: "app123"}, DryRunOutputOptions{
-		Format:   "json",
-		Identity: core.AsBot,
-		Out:      &buf,
-		ErrOut:   io.Discard,
-	})
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("PrintDryRun failed: %v", err)
-	}
-	var env map[string]interface{}
-	if err := json.Unmarshal(buf.Bytes(), &env); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("dry-run stdout is not JSON: %v\n%s", err, buf.String())
-	}
-	call := env["data"].(map[string]interface{})["api"].([]interface{})[0].(map[string]interface{})
-	if call["method"] != "OPTIONS" {
-		t.Fatalf("method = %#v, want OPTIONS transcribed verbatim (not coerced to GET)", call["method"])
-	}
-}
-
-func TestPrintDryRun_EmptyConfigOmitsContext(t *testing.T) {
-	var buf bytes.Buffer
-	err := PrintDryRun(client.RawApiRequest{
-		Method: "GET",
-		URL:    "/open-apis/test",
-	}, &core.CliConfig{}, DryRunOutputOptions{
-		Format: "json",
-		Out:    &buf,
-		ErrOut: io.Discard,
-	})
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("PrintDryRun failed: %v", err)
-	}
-	var env map[string]interface{}
-	if err := json.Unmarshal(buf.Bytes(), &env); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("dry-run stdout is not JSON: %v\n%s", err, buf.String())
-	}
-	data := env["data"].(map[string]interface{})
-	if _, exists := data["context"]; exists {
-		t.Fatalf("empty app/user context must be omitted entirely, got: %#v", data["context"])
-	}
-}
-
-func TestWriteDryRun_NilPreviewIsInternalError(t *testing.T) {
-	err := WriteDryRun(nil, DryRunOutputOptions{Format: "json", Out: io.Discard})
-	if err == nil {
-		t.Fatal("WriteDryRun(nil) should fail instead of emitting an empty preview")
-	}
-	var internal *errs.InternalError
-	if !errors.As(err, &internal) {
-		t.Fatalf("expected *errs.InternalError, got %T: %v", err, err)
-	}
 }
 
 func TestDryRunFormatValue(t *testing.T) {

internal/cmdutil/fileupload.go

@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ import (
 	"bytes"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
-	"path/filepath"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 
@@ -129,7 +128,7 @@ func BuildFormdata(fileIO fileio.FileIO, fieldName, filePath string, isStdin boo
 				WithParam("--file").
 				WithCause(err)
 		}
-		fd.AddFileWithName(fieldName, filepath.Base(filePath), bytes.NewReader(data))
+		fd.AddFile(fieldName, bytes.NewReader(data))
 	}
 
 	// Add top-level JSON keys as text form fields.

internal/cmdutil/secheader.go

@@ -6,10 +6,12 @@ package cmdutil
 import (
 	"context"
 	"net/http"
+	"os"
 	"reflect"
 	"runtime/debug"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
+	"unicode"
 
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/extension/credential"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/extension/fileio"
@@ -38,6 +40,8 @@ const (
 	BuildKindUnknown  = "unknown"
 
 	officialModulePath = "github.com/larksuite/cli"
+
+	agentTraceMaxLen = 1024
 )
 
 // UserAgentValue returns the User-Agent value: "lark-cli/{version}".
@@ -45,6 +49,25 @@ func UserAgentValue() string {
 	return SourceValue + "/" + build.Version
 }
 
+// AgentTraceValue returns a header-safe value from the
+// LARKSUITE_CLI_AGENT_TRACE environment variable. It trims
+// surrounding whitespace, rejects values containing any Unicode
+// control character or exceeding agentTraceMaxLen, and returns ""
+// for any invalid or empty value. Callers can use the result
+// directly in HTTP headers without further sanitisation.
+func AgentTraceValue() string {
+	v := strings.TrimSpace(os.Getenv(envvars.CliAgentTrace))
+	if v == "" || len(v) > agentTraceMaxLen {
+		return ""
+	}
+	for _, r := range v {
+		if unicode.IsControl(r) {
+			return ""
+		}
+	}
+	return v
+}
+
 // BaseSecurityHeaders returns headers that every request must carry.
 func BaseSecurityHeaders() http.Header {
 	h := make(http.Header)
@@ -52,7 +75,7 @@ func BaseSecurityHeaders() http.Header {
 	h.Set(HeaderVersion, build.Version)
 	h.Set(HeaderBuild, DetectBuildKind())
 	h.Set(HeaderUserAgent, UserAgentValue())
-	if v := envvars.AgentTrace(); v != "" {
+	if v := AgentTraceValue(); v != "" {
 		h.Set(HeaderAgentTrace, v)
 	}
 	return h

internal/cmdutil/secheader_test.go

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ package cmdutil
 import (
 	"context"
 	"net/http"
+	"strings"
 	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/extension/credential"
@@ -263,9 +264,88 @@ func TestBaseSecurityHeaders_AllRequiredHeaders(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-// HeaderAgentTrace injection (via BaseSecurityHeaders)
+// AgentTraceValue / HeaderAgentTrace
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
+func TestAgentTraceValue_EmptyWhenEnvUnset(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv(envvars.CliAgentTrace, "")
+	if got := AgentTraceValue(); got != "" {
+		t.Fatalf("AgentTraceValue() = %q, want empty when env unset", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAgentTraceValue_ReturnsCleanValue(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv(envvars.CliAgentTrace, "trace-abc-123")
+	if got := AgentTraceValue(); got != "trace-abc-123" {
+		t.Fatalf("AgentTraceValue() = %q, want %q", got, "trace-abc-123")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAgentTraceValue_TrimsWhitespace(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv(envvars.CliAgentTrace, "  trace-trim  ")
+	if got := AgentTraceValue(); got != "trace-trim" {
+		t.Fatalf("AgentTraceValue() = %q, want %q (whitespace trimmed)", got, "trace-trim")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAgentTraceValue_OnlyWhitespace_ReturnsEmpty(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv(envvars.CliAgentTrace, "   ")
+	if got := AgentTraceValue(); got != "" {
+		t.Fatalf("AgentTraceValue() = %q, want empty for whitespace-only value", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAgentTraceValue_RejectsCRLF(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv(envvars.CliAgentTrace, "val\r\nX-Evil: attack")
+	if got := AgentTraceValue(); got != "" {
+		t.Fatalf("AgentTraceValue() = %q, want empty for CR/LF value", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAgentTraceValue_RejectsLF(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv(envvars.CliAgentTrace, "val\nX-Evil: attack")
+	if got := AgentTraceValue(); got != "" {
+		t.Fatalf("AgentTraceValue() = %q, want empty for LF value", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAgentTraceValue_RejectsTab(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv(envvars.CliAgentTrace, "val\tinjected")
+	if got := AgentTraceValue(); got != "" {
+		t.Fatalf("AgentTraceValue() = %q, want empty for tab value", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAgentTraceValue_RejectsControlChar(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv(envvars.CliAgentTrace, "val\x01injected")
+	if got := AgentTraceValue(); got != "" {
+		t.Fatalf("AgentTraceValue() = %q, want empty for control char value", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAgentTraceValue_RejectsDEL(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv(envvars.CliAgentTrace, "val\x7finjected")
+	if got := AgentTraceValue(); got != "" {
+		t.Fatalf("AgentTraceValue() = %q, want empty for DEL value", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAgentTraceValue_RejectsOverlongValue(t *testing.T) {
+	longVal := strings.Repeat("a", agentTraceMaxLen+1)
+	t.Setenv(envvars.CliAgentTrace, longVal)
+	if got := AgentTraceValue(); got != "" {
+		t.Fatalf("AgentTraceValue() returned non-empty for %d-byte value (max %d)", len(longVal), agentTraceMaxLen)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAgentTraceValue_AcceptsMaxLengthValue(t *testing.T) {
+	val := strings.Repeat("a", agentTraceMaxLen)
+	t.Setenv(envvars.CliAgentTrace, val)
+	if got := AgentTraceValue(); got != val {
+		t.Fatalf("AgentTraceValue() = %q, want %d-byte value accepted", got, agentTraceMaxLen)
+	}
+}
+
 func TestBaseSecurityHeaders_NoAgentTraceHeaderWhenEnvUnset(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Setenv(envvars.CliAgentTrace, "")
 	h := BaseSecurityHeaders()

internal/core/config.go

@@ -268,7 +268,7 @@ func ResolveConfigFromMulti(raw *MultiAppConfig, kc keychain.KeychainAccess, pro
 		ProfileName: app.ProfileName(),
 		AppID:       app.AppId,
 		AppSecret:   secret,
-		Brand:       ParseBrand(string(app.Brand)),
+		Brand:       app.Brand,
 		Lang:        app.Lang,
 		DefaultAs:   app.DefaultAs,
 	}

internal/core/config_test.go

@@ -230,20 +230,3 @@ func TestCliConfig_CanBot(t *testing.T) {
 		})
 	}
 }
-
-// Runtime configs must never carry raw brand casing: the config ingress
-// normalizes it, so downstream equality checks see canonical values.
-func TestResolveConfigFromMulti_NormalizesBrand(t *testing.T) {
-	multi := &MultiAppConfig{Apps: []AppConfig{{
-		AppId:     "cli_x",
-		AppSecret: PlainSecret("test-secret"),
-		Brand:     LarkBrand(" LARK "),
-	}}}
-	cfg, err := ResolveConfigFromMulti(multi, nil, "")
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("ResolveConfigFromMulti error = %v", err)
-	}
-	if cfg.Brand != BrandLark {
-		t.Errorf("Brand = %q, want %q (normalized at ingress)", cfg.Brand, BrandLark)
-	}
-}

internal/core/types.go

@@ -3,11 +3,9 @@
 
 package core
 
-import "strings"
-
 // LarkBrand represents the Lark platform brand.
 // "feishu" targets China-mainland, "lark" targets international.
-// ParseBrand and ResolveEndpoints map unrecognized values to BrandFeishu.
+// Any other string is treated as a custom base URL.
 type LarkBrand string
 
 const (
@@ -15,10 +13,10 @@ const (
 	BrandLark   LarkBrand = "lark"
 )
 
-// ParseBrand normalizes a brand string (case-insensitive, whitespace-tolerant);
-// anything other than "lark" normalizes to BrandFeishu.
+// ParseBrand normalizes a brand string to a LarkBrand constant.
+// Unrecognized values default to BrandFeishu.
 func ParseBrand(value string) LarkBrand {
-	if strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(value)) == "lark" {
+	if value == "lark" {
 		return BrandLark
 	}
 	return BrandFeishu
@@ -38,10 +36,9 @@ type Endpoints struct {
 	AppLink  string // e.g. "https://applink.feishu.cn"
 }
 
-// ResolveEndpoints resolves endpoint URLs for the brand, normalizing its
-// input so stored values with unusual casing still resolve correctly.
+// ResolveEndpoints resolves endpoint URLs based on brand.
 func ResolveEndpoints(brand LarkBrand) Endpoints {
-	switch ParseBrand(string(brand)) {
+	switch brand {
 	case BrandLark:
 		return Endpoints{
 			Open:     "https://open.larksuite.com",

internal/core/types_test.go

@@ -57,37 +57,3 @@ func TestResolveOpenBaseURL(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Errorf("ResolveOpenBaseURL(lark) = %q", got)
 	}
 }
-
-func TestParseBrand(t *testing.T) {
-	cases := []struct {
-		in   string
-		want LarkBrand
-	}{
-		{"", BrandFeishu},
-		{"feishu", BrandFeishu},
-		{"lark", BrandLark},
-		{"LARK", BrandLark},
-		{" lark ", BrandLark},
-		{"Lark", BrandLark},
-		{"xyz", BrandFeishu},
-	}
-	for _, c := range cases {
-		if got := ParseBrand(c.in); got != c.want {
-			t.Errorf("ParseBrand(%q) = %q, want %q", c.in, got, c.want)
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-// TestResolveEndpoints_NormalizesBrand locks the boundary invariant: the
-// resolver normalizes its brand input, so historical config values with
-// unusual casing or whitespace still resolve to their intended endpoints.
-func TestResolveEndpoints_NormalizesBrand(t *testing.T) {
-	for _, raw := range []string{"LARK", " lark ", "Lark"} {
-		if got := ResolveEndpoints(LarkBrand(raw)).Open; got != "https://open.larksuite.com" {
-			t.Errorf("ResolveEndpoints(%q).Open = %q, want the lark endpoint", raw, got)
-		}
-	}
-	if got := ResolveEndpoints(LarkBrand("unexpected")).Open; got != "https://open.feishu.cn" {
-		t.Errorf("ResolveEndpoints(unexpected).Open = %q, want the feishu default", got)
-	}
-}

internal/credential/types.go

@@ -72,8 +72,7 @@ func AccountFromCliConfig(cfg *core.CliConfig) *Account {
 	}
 }
 
-// ToCliConfig copies the credential-layer account into the downstream config
-// shape, normalizing the brand so runtime consumers never see raw casing.
+// ToCliConfig copies the credential-layer account into the downstream config shape.
 func (a *Account) ToCliConfig() *core.CliConfig {
 	if a == nil {
 		return nil
@@ -82,7 +81,7 @@ func (a *Account) ToCliConfig() *core.CliConfig {
 		ProfileName:         a.ProfileName,
 		AppID:               a.AppID,
 		AppSecret:           normalizeAccountAppSecret(a.AppSecret),
-		Brand:               core.ParseBrand(string(a.Brand)),
+		Brand:               a.Brand,
 		DefaultAs:           a.DefaultAs,
 		UserOpenId:          a.UserOpenId,
 		UserName:            a.UserName,

internal/credential/types_test.go

@@ -130,11 +130,3 @@ func TestRuntimeAppSecret_TokenOnlyUsesPlaceholder(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("RuntimeAppSecret(real) = %q, want %q", got, "secret-1")
 	}
 }
-
-// The credential-layer ingress normalizes brand casing for all runtime consumers.
-func TestToCliConfig_NormalizesBrand(t *testing.T) {
-	acct := &Account{AppID: "cli_x", Brand: " LARK "}
-	if got := acct.ToCliConfig().Brand; got != core.BrandLark {
-		t.Errorf("Brand = %q, want %q", got, core.BrandLark)
-	}
-}

internal/envvars/envvars.go

@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@ const (
 	// Content safety scanning mode
 	CliContentSafetyMode = "LARKSUITE_CLI_CONTENT_SAFETY_MODE"
 
-	CliAgentName  = "LARKSUITE_CLI_AGENT_NAME"
 	CliAgentTrace = "LARKSUITE_CLI_AGENT_TRACE"
 
 	CliProxyEnable  = "LARKSUITE_CLI_PROXY_ENABLE"

internal/envvars/read.go

@@ -1,36 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
-
-package envvars
-
-import (
-	"os"
-	"strings"
-	"unicode"
-)
-
-const (
-	agentNameMaxLen  = 128
-	agentTraceMaxLen = 1024
-)
-
-func AgentName() string {
-	return sanitizeSingleLine(os.Getenv(CliAgentName), agentNameMaxLen)
-}
-
-func AgentTrace() string {
-	return sanitizeSingleLine(os.Getenv(CliAgentTrace), agentTraceMaxLen)
-}
-
-func sanitizeSingleLine(raw string, maxLen int) string {
-	v := strings.TrimSpace(raw)
-	if v == "" || len(v) > maxLen {
-		return ""
-	}
-	for _, r := range v {
-		if unicode.IsControl(r) {
-			return ""
-		}
-	}
-	return v
-}

internal/envvars/read_test.go

@@ -1,131 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
-
-package envvars
-
-import (
-	"strings"
-	"testing"
-)
-
-func TestAgentName_EmptyWhenEnvUnset(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Setenv(CliAgentName, "")
-	if got := AgentName(); got != "" {
-		t.Fatalf("AgentName() = %q, want empty when env unset", got)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestAgentName_ReturnsCleanValue(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Setenv(CliAgentName, "claude-code")
-	if got := AgentName(); got != "claude-code" {
-		t.Fatalf("AgentName() = %q, want %q", got, "claude-code")
-	}
-}
-
-func TestAgentName_TrimsWhitespace(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Setenv(CliAgentName, "  cursor  ")
-	if got := AgentName(); got != "cursor" {
-		t.Fatalf("AgentName() = %q, want %q (whitespace trimmed)", got, "cursor")
-	}
-}
-
-func TestAgentName_RejectsCRLFInjection(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Setenv(CliAgentName, "agent\r\nX-Evil: attack")
-	if got := AgentName(); got != "" {
-		t.Fatalf("AgentName() = %q, want empty for CR/LF value", got)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestAgentName_RejectsControlChar(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Setenv(CliAgentName, "agent\x01injected")
-	if got := AgentName(); got != "" {
-		t.Fatalf("AgentName() = %q, want empty for control char value", got)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestAgentName_RejectsOverlongValue(t *testing.T) {
-	longVal := strings.Repeat("a", agentNameMaxLen+1)
-	t.Setenv(CliAgentName, longVal)
-	if got := AgentName(); got != "" {
-		t.Fatalf("AgentName() returned non-empty for %d-byte value (max %d)", len(longVal), agentNameMaxLen)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestAgentTrace_EmptyWhenEnvUnset(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Setenv(CliAgentTrace, "")
-	if got := AgentTrace(); got != "" {
-		t.Fatalf("AgentTrace() = %q, want empty when env unset", got)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestAgentTrace_ReturnsCleanValue(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Setenv(CliAgentTrace, "trace-abc-123")
-	if got := AgentTrace(); got != "trace-abc-123" {
-		t.Fatalf("AgentTrace() = %q, want %q", got, "trace-abc-123")
-	}
-}
-
-func TestAgentTrace_TrimsWhitespace(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Setenv(CliAgentTrace, "  trace-trim  ")
-	if got := AgentTrace(); got != "trace-trim" {
-		t.Fatalf("AgentTrace() = %q, want %q (whitespace trimmed)", got, "trace-trim")
-	}
-}
-
-func TestAgentTrace_OnlyWhitespace_ReturnsEmpty(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Setenv(CliAgentTrace, "   ")
-	if got := AgentTrace(); got != "" {
-		t.Fatalf("AgentTrace() = %q, want empty for whitespace-only value", got)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestAgentTrace_RejectsCRLF(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Setenv(CliAgentTrace, "val\r\nX-Evil: attack")
-	if got := AgentTrace(); got != "" {
-		t.Fatalf("AgentTrace() = %q, want empty for CR/LF value", got)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestAgentTrace_RejectsLF(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Setenv(CliAgentTrace, "val\nX-Evil: attack")
-	if got := AgentTrace(); got != "" {
-		t.Fatalf("AgentTrace() = %q, want empty for LF value", got)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestAgentTrace_RejectsTab(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Setenv(CliAgentTrace, "val\tinjected")
-	if got := AgentTrace(); got != "" {
-		t.Fatalf("AgentTrace() = %q, want empty for tab value", got)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestAgentTrace_RejectsControlChar(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Setenv(CliAgentTrace, "val\x01injected")
-	if got := AgentTrace(); got != "" {
-		t.Fatalf("AgentTrace() = %q, want empty for control char value", got)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestAgentTrace_RejectsDEL(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Setenv(CliAgentTrace, "val\x7finjected")
-	if got := AgentTrace(); got != "" {
-		t.Fatalf("AgentTrace() = %q, want empty for DEL value", got)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestAgentTrace_RejectsOverlongValue(t *testing.T) {
-	longVal := strings.Repeat("a", agentTraceMaxLen+1)
-	t.Setenv(CliAgentTrace, longVal)
-	if got := AgentTrace(); got != "" {
-		t.Fatalf("AgentTrace() returned non-empty for %d-byte value (max %d)", len(longVal), agentTraceMaxLen)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestAgentTrace_AcceptsMaxLengthValue(t *testing.T) {
-	val := strings.Repeat("a", agentTraceMaxLen)
-	t.Setenv(CliAgentTrace, val)
-	if got := AgentTrace(); got != val {
-		t.Fatalf("AgentTrace() = %q, want %d-byte value accepted", got, agentTraceMaxLen)
-	}
-}

internal/errclass/classify.go

@@ -10,14 +10,12 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
 )
 
 // ClassifyContext is the contextual data BuildAPIError uses to populate
 // identity-aware fields on typed errors (PermissionError.Identity / ConsoleURL).
-// Brand and Identity are plain strings at this boundary; ConsoleURL normalizes
-// Brand through core.ParseBrand, so callers can pass a raw brand string without
-// coupling this contract to core's brand enum.
+// Identity is a plain string ("user" / "bot" / "") so this package does not
+// depend on internal/core (which would create an import cycle).
 type ClassifyContext struct {
 	Brand    string // "feishu" | "lark" — drives console_url host
 	AppID    string // placed in console_url
@@ -446,27 +444,28 @@ func extractMissingScopes(resp map[string]any) []string {
 	return out
 }
 
-// ConsoleURL composes the Feishu/Lark open-platform application-scope apply
-// page URL (the official open-pages `/page/scope-apply` entry), suitable for
-// PermissionError.ConsoleURL. Empty appID → empty string. Empty scopes list
-// returns the page carrying only clientID; otherwise scopes are joined with
-// commas in the `scopes` query parameter so the console can pre-select them.
+// ConsoleURL composes the Feishu/Lark open-platform scope-grant console URL,
+// suitable for PermissionError.ConsoleURL. Empty appID → empty string. Empty
+// scopes list returns the bare /auth landing page; scopes are joined with
+// commas in the `q` query parameter so the console can pre-select them.
 //
 // brand is "feishu" or "lark"; unknown values default to feishu.
 func ConsoleURL(brand, appID string, scopes []string) string {
 	if appID == "" {
 		return ""
 	}
-	// QueryEscape both values — clientID and scopes both sit in the query
-	// string, and untrusted content must not be able to inject extra query
-	// parameters via `&`/`#`. The brand→host mapping is owned by core so the
-	// open-platform base URL stays a single source of truth.
-	base := fmt.Sprintf("%s/page/scope-apply?clientID=%s",
-		core.ResolveOpenBaseURL(core.ParseBrand(brand)), url.QueryEscape(appID))
-	if len(scopes) == 0 {
-		return base
+	host := "open.feishu.cn"
+	if brand == "lark" {
+		host = "open.larksuite.com"
 	}
-	return base + "&scopes=" + url.QueryEscape(strings.Join(scopes, ","))
+	// PathEscape on appID — it sits in the URL path. QueryEscape on the
+	// comma-joined scopes — they sit in the `?q=` value, and untrusted scope
+	// content must not be able to inject extra query parameters via `&`/`#`.
+	pathID := url.PathEscape(appID)
+	if len(scopes) == 0 {
+		return fmt.Sprintf("https://%s/app/%s/auth", host, pathID)
+	}
+	return fmt.Sprintf("https://%s/app/%s/auth?q=%s", host, pathID, url.QueryEscape(strings.Join(scopes, ",")))
 }
 
 func intFromAny(v any) int {

internal/errclass/classify_test.go

@@ -113,7 +113,6 @@ func TestBuildAPIError_ExitCodeMatrix(t *testing.T) {
 		{"230027 user_not_authorized", 230027, errs.CategoryAuthorization, errs.SubtypeUserUnauthorized, 3, "PermissionError"},
 		{"1470403 task_permission_denied", 1470403, errs.CategoryAuthorization, errs.SubtypePermissionDenied, 3, "PermissionError"},
 		{"1470400 task_invalid_params", 1470400, errs.CategoryAPI, errs.SubtypeInvalidParameters, 1, "APIError"},
-		{"1062507 drive_parent_sibling_limit", 1062507, errs.CategoryAPI, errs.SubtypeQuotaExceeded, 1, "APIError"},
 		{"99991400 rate_limit", 99991400, errs.CategoryAPI, errs.SubtypeRateLimit, 1, "APIError"},
 		{"99991661 token_missing", 99991661, errs.CategoryAuthentication, errs.SubtypeTokenMissing, 3, "AuthenticationError"},
 		{"21000 challenge_required", 21000, errs.CategoryPolicy, errs.Subtype("challenge_required"), 6, "SecurityPolicyError"},
@@ -423,8 +422,8 @@ func TestConsoleURL_FeishuBrand(t *testing.T) {
 	if !ok {
 		t.Fatalf("expected *errs.PermissionError, got %T", err)
 	}
-	if !strings.Contains(pe.ConsoleURL, "open.feishu.cn/page/scope-apply?clientID=cli_a123") {
-		t.Fatalf("ConsoleURL = %q, want open.feishu.cn scope-apply page", pe.ConsoleURL)
+	if !strings.Contains(pe.ConsoleURL, "open.feishu.cn/app/cli_a123") {
+		t.Fatalf("ConsoleURL = %q, want open.feishu.cn prefix", pe.ConsoleURL)
 	}
 }
 
@@ -435,8 +434,8 @@ func TestConsoleURL_LarkBrand(t *testing.T) {
 	if !ok {
 		t.Fatalf("expected *errs.PermissionError, got %T", err)
 	}
-	if !strings.Contains(pe.ConsoleURL, "open.larksuite.com/page/scope-apply?clientID=cli_a123") {
-		t.Fatalf("ConsoleURL = %q, want open.larksuite.com scope-apply page", pe.ConsoleURL)
+	if !strings.Contains(pe.ConsoleURL, "open.larksuite.com/app/cli_a123") {
+		t.Fatalf("ConsoleURL = %q, want open.larksuite.com prefix", pe.ConsoleURL)
 	}
 }
 
@@ -486,35 +485,35 @@ func TestConsoleURL_EscapesDangerousChars(t *testing.T) {
 			name:      "ampersand in scope smuggles extra param",
 			appID:     "cli_good",
 			scopes:    []string{"scope&evil=injected"},
-			wantInURL: []string{"scopes=scope%26evil%3Dinjected"},
-			denyInURL: []string{"scopes=scope&evil=injected"},
+			wantInURL: []string{"q=scope%26evil%3Dinjected"},
+			denyInURL: []string{"q=scope&evil=injected"},
 		},
 		{
 			name:      "hash in scope splits fragment",
 			appID:     "cli_good",
 			scopes:    []string{"scope#fragment"},
-			wantInURL: []string{"scopes=scope%23fragment"},
-			denyInURL: []string{"scopes=scope#fragment"},
+			wantInURL: []string{"q=scope%23fragment"},
+			denyInURL: []string{"q=scope#fragment"},
 		},
 		{
 			name:      "question mark in appID prematurely opens query",
 			appID:     "good?q=injected",
 			scopes:    []string{"docx:document"},
-			wantInURL: []string{"clientID=good%3Fq%3Dinjected"},
-			denyInURL: []string{"clientID=good?q=injected"},
+			wantInURL: []string{"/app/good%3Fq=injected/auth"},
+			denyInURL: []string{"/app/good?q=injected/auth"},
 		},
 		{
 			name:      "hash in appID truncates URL",
 			appID:     "good#fragment",
 			scopes:    []string{"docx:document"},
-			wantInURL: []string{"clientID=good%23fragment"},
-			denyInURL: []string{"clientID=good#fragment"},
+			wantInURL: []string{"/app/good%23fragment/auth"},
+			denyInURL: []string{"/app/good#fragment/auth"},
 		},
 		{
-			name:      "slash in appID does not open a new path segment",
+			name:      "slash in appID escapes path segment",
 			appID:     "good/extra/segment",
 			scopes:    []string{"docx:document"},
-			wantInURL: []string{"clientID=good%2Fextra%2Fsegment"},
+			wantInURL: []string{"/app/good%2Fextra%2Fsegment/auth"},
 		},
 	}
 
@@ -554,8 +553,8 @@ func TestPermissionError_NoViolations(t *testing.T) {
 	if pe.MissingScopes != nil {
 		t.Errorf("MissingScopes should be nil; got %v", pe.MissingScopes)
 	}
-	if !strings.HasSuffix(pe.ConsoleURL, "/page/scope-apply?clientID=cli_a123") {
-		t.Errorf("ConsoleURL (no scopes) = %q, want trailing /page/scope-apply?clientID=cli_a123", pe.ConsoleURL)
+	if !strings.HasSuffix(pe.ConsoleURL, "/app/cli_a123/auth") {
+		t.Errorf("ConsoleURL (no scopes) = %q, want trailing /app/cli_a123/auth", pe.ConsoleURL)
 	}
 }
 
@@ -759,7 +758,7 @@ func TestBuildPermissionHint_AppMissingScopeRoutesToConsole(t *testing.T) {
 	// at the app level — re-authenticating cannot fix it. The hint must
 	// point to the developer console regardless of caller identity, or
 	// agents will loop on `auth login` forever.
-	consoleURL := "https://open.feishu.cn/page/scope-apply?clientID=cli_x&scopes=contact%3Acontact"
+	consoleURL := "https://open.feishu.cn/app/cli_x/auth?q=contact%3Acontact"
 	for _, identity := range []string{"user", "bot", ""} {
 		got := errclass.PermissionHint([]string{"contact:contact"}, identity, errs.SubtypeAppScopeNotApplied, consoleURL)
 		if !strings.Contains(got, "developer console") {

internal/errclass/codemeta_drive.go

@@ -10,23 +10,20 @@ import "github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
 // ambiguous codes fall back to CategoryAPI via BuildAPIError.
 // BuildAPIError consumes this map via mergeCodeMeta + LookupCodeMeta.
 var driveCodeMeta = map[int]CodeMeta{
-	1061001:   {Category: errs.CategoryAPI, Subtype: errs.SubtypeServerError, Retryable: true}, // Drive "unknown error"
-	1061002:   {Category: errs.CategoryAPI, Subtype: errs.SubtypeInvalidParameters},            // params error
-	1061004:   {Category: errs.CategoryAuthorization, Subtype: errs.SubtypePermissionDenied},   // forbidden
-	1061007:   {Category: errs.CategoryAPI, Subtype: errs.SubtypeNotFound},                     // file has been deleted
-	1061043:   {Category: errs.CategoryAPI, Subtype: errs.SubtypeQuotaExceeded},                // file size beyond limit
-	1061044:   {Category: errs.CategoryAPI, Subtype: errs.SubtypeNotFound},                     // parent folder does not exist (upload)
-	1061101:   {Category: errs.CategoryAPI, Subtype: errs.SubtypeQuotaExceeded},                // file quota exceeded
-	1062507:   {Category: errs.CategoryAPI, Subtype: errs.SubtypeQuotaExceeded},                // parent folder child count limit exceeded
-	1062009:   {Category: errs.CategoryAPI, Subtype: errs.SubtypeInvalidParameters},            // actual size inconsistent with declared size
-	1063001:   {Category: errs.CategoryAPI, Subtype: errs.SubtypeInvalidParameters},            // secure label invalid parameter
-	1063002:   {Category: errs.CategoryAuthorization, Subtype: errs.SubtypePermissionDenied},   // secure label permission denied
-	1063013:   {Category: errs.CategoryValidation, Subtype: errs.SubtypeFailedPrecondition},    // secure label downgrade requires approval
-	1069302:   {Category: errs.CategoryAPI, Subtype: errs.SubtypeInvalidParameters},            // comment endpoint "Invalid or missing parameters"
-	99992402:  {Category: errs.CategoryAPI, Subtype: errs.SubtypeInvalidParameters},            // platform field validation failed
-	9499:      {Category: errs.CategoryAPI, Subtype: errs.SubtypeInvalidParameters},            // invalid parameter type in JSON field
-	2200:      {Category: errs.CategoryAPI, Subtype: errs.SubtypeServerError, Retryable: true}, // Drive tenant/internal errors
-	233523001: {Category: errs.CategoryAPI, Subtype: errs.SubtypeServerError, Retryable: true}, // Drive/docs transient server error
+	1061001:  {Category: errs.CategoryAPI, Subtype: errs.SubtypeServerError, Retryable: true}, // Drive "unknown error"
+	1061002:  {Category: errs.CategoryAPI, Subtype: errs.SubtypeInvalidParameters},            // params error
+	1061004:  {Category: errs.CategoryAuthorization, Subtype: errs.SubtypePermissionDenied},   // forbidden
+	1061007:  {Category: errs.CategoryAPI, Subtype: errs.SubtypeNotFound},                     // file has been deleted
+	1061043:  {Category: errs.CategoryAPI, Subtype: errs.SubtypeQuotaExceeded},                // file size beyond limit
+	1061044:  {Category: errs.CategoryAPI, Subtype: errs.SubtypeNotFound},                     // parent folder does not exist (upload)
+	1062009:  {Category: errs.CategoryAPI, Subtype: errs.SubtypeInvalidParameters},            // actual size inconsistent with declared size
+	1063001:  {Category: errs.CategoryAPI, Subtype: errs.SubtypeInvalidParameters},            // secure label invalid parameter
+	1063002:  {Category: errs.CategoryAuthorization, Subtype: errs.SubtypePermissionDenied},   // secure label permission denied
+	1063013:  {Category: errs.CategoryValidation, Subtype: errs.SubtypeFailedPrecondition},    // secure label downgrade requires approval
+	1069302:  {Category: errs.CategoryAPI, Subtype: errs.SubtypeInvalidParameters},            // comment endpoint "Invalid or missing parameters"
+	99992402: {Category: errs.CategoryAPI, Subtype: errs.SubtypeInvalidParameters},            // platform field validation failed
+	9499:     {Category: errs.CategoryAPI, Subtype: errs.SubtypeInvalidParameters},            // invalid parameter type in JSON field
+	2200:     {Category: errs.CategoryAPI, Subtype: errs.SubtypeServerError, Retryable: true}, // Drive tenant/internal errors
 }
 
 func init() { mergeCodeMeta(driveCodeMeta, "drive") }

internal/errclass/codemeta_test.go

@@ -114,35 +114,8 @@ func TestLookupCodeMeta_DrivePushCodes(t *testing.T) {
 		{1061004, errs.CategoryAuthorization, errs.SubtypePermissionDenied, false},
 		{1061007, errs.CategoryAPI, errs.SubtypeNotFound, false},
 		{1061043, errs.CategoryAPI, errs.SubtypeQuotaExceeded, false},
-		{1061101, errs.CategoryAPI, errs.SubtypeQuotaExceeded, false},
 		{1062009, errs.CategoryAPI, errs.SubtypeInvalidParameters, false},
 		{2200, errs.CategoryAPI, errs.SubtypeServerError, true},
-		{233523001, errs.CategoryAPI, errs.SubtypeServerError, true},
-	}
-	for _, tc := range cases {
-		t.Run(fmt.Sprintf("%d", tc.code), func(t *testing.T) {
-			got, ok := LookupCodeMeta(tc.code)
-			if !ok {
-				t.Fatalf("LookupCodeMeta(%d) ok=false, want true", tc.code)
-			}
-			if got.Category != tc.wantCat || got.Subtype != tc.wantSubtype || got.Retryable != tc.wantRetry {
-				t.Fatalf("LookupCodeMeta(%d) = %+v, want Category=%v Subtype=%v Retryable=%v",
-					tc.code, got, tc.wantCat, tc.wantSubtype, tc.wantRetry)
-			}
-		})
-	}
-}
-
-func TestLookupCodeMeta_WikiCodes(t *testing.T) {
-	cases := []struct {
-		code        int
-		wantCat     errs.Category
-		wantSubtype errs.Subtype
-		wantRetry   bool
-	}{
-		{131002, errs.CategoryAPI, errs.SubtypeInvalidParameters, false},
-		{131005, errs.CategoryAPI, errs.SubtypeNotFound, false},
-		{131006, errs.CategoryAuthorization, errs.SubtypePermissionDenied, false},
 	}
 	for _, tc := range cases {
 		t.Run(fmt.Sprintf("%d", tc.code), func(t *testing.T) {

internal/errclass/codemeta_wiki.go

@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
-
-package errclass
-
-import "github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
-
-// wikiCodeMeta holds wiki-service Lark code -> CodeMeta mappings observed from
-// wiki shortcut failure telemetry. Keep these to wiki-wide meanings only; add
-// command-specific recovery guidance at the shortcut layer.
-var wikiCodeMeta = map[int]CodeMeta{
-	131002: {Category: errs.CategoryAPI, Subtype: errs.SubtypeInvalidParameters},          // param err: space_id is not int / invalid page_token
-	131005: {Category: errs.CategoryAPI, Subtype: errs.SubtypeNotFound},                   // wiki node / space not found
-	131006: {Category: errs.CategoryAuthorization, Subtype: errs.SubtypePermissionDenied}, // wiki space/node read permission denied
-}
-
-func init() { mergeCodeMeta(wikiCodeMeta, "wiki") }

internal/meta/affordance.go

@@ -8,11 +8,8 @@ import "encoding/json"
 // Affordance is the typed usage guidance overlaid on a method. It is the single
 // model the envelope renderer and the command help both parse, so the
 // vocabulary is defined once; the JSON tags double as the envelope wire shape.
-// Skills entries are either a bare skill name (e.g. "lark-doc") or a
-// name/relative-path reference (e.g. "lark-contact/references/x.md"); both
-// render as runnable `lark-cli skills read <entry>` pointers. Help validates
-// each against the embedded skill tree (a name → its SKILL.md, a reference →
-// that path) and drops any that do not resolve.
+// Skills entries are skill names (or name/path) rendered as runnable
+// `lark-cli skills read <entry>` pointers.
 type Affordance struct {
 	UseWhen       []string            `json:"use_when,omitempty"`
 	AvoidWhen     []string            `json:"avoid_when,omitempty"`

internal/output/capabilities.go

@@ -1,61 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
-
-package output
-
-import (
-	"slices"
-	"strings"
-
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
-)
-
-// FormatCapabilities is the single description of the output formats a
-// command supports. Help text, shell completion, shorthand normalization and
-// runtime validation all consume the same value so they cannot drift apart.
-type FormatCapabilities struct {
-	names []string
-}
-
-var (
-	// StandardFormats applies to API, service and ordinary shortcut commands.
-	StandardFormats = NewFormatCapabilities("json", "pretty", "table", "ndjson", "csv")
-	// JSONPrettyFormats applies to commands with a dedicated human renderer and
-	// no streaming/tabular output, such as auth scopes.
-	JSONPrettyFormats = NewFormatCapabilities("json", "pretty")
-)
-
-// NewFormatCapabilities constructs an immutable format capability set.
-func NewFormatCapabilities(names ...string) FormatCapabilities {
-	return FormatCapabilities{names: append([]string(nil), names...)}
-}
-
-// Names returns a copy suitable for completion candidates.
-func (c FormatCapabilities) Names() []string {
-	return append([]string(nil), c.names...)
-}
-
-// Usage returns the canonical help text for a --format flag.
-func (c FormatCapabilities) Usage() string {
-	return "output format: " + strings.Join(c.names, "|")
-}
-
-// Supports reports whether name is part of this command's output contract.
-func (c FormatCapabilities) Supports(name string) bool {
-	return slices.Contains(c.names, strings.ToLower(name))
-}
-
-// Resolve applies the --json shorthand and validates the selected format.
-// An explicit --format always wins over --json.
-func (c FormatCapabilities) Resolve(format string, formatExplicit, jsonShorthand bool) (string, error) {
-	if jsonShorthand && !formatExplicit {
-		format = "json"
-	}
-	format = strings.ToLower(format)
-	if c.Supports(format) {
-		return format, nil
-	}
-	return "", errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument,
-		"unsupported output format %q; supported formats: %s", format, strings.Join(c.names, ", ")).
-		WithParam("--format")
-}

internal/output/capabilities_test.go

@@ -1,53 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
-
-package output
-
-import (
-	"errors"
-	"reflect"
-	"testing"
-
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
-)
-
-func TestFormatCapabilitiesResolve(t *testing.T) {
-	tests := []struct {
-		name           string
-		format         string
-		formatExplicit bool
-		jsonShorthand  bool
-		want           string
-		wantErr        bool
-	}{
-		{name: "default", format: "json", want: "json"},
-		{name: "json shorthand", format: "table", jsonShorthand: true, want: "json"},
-		{name: "explicit format wins", format: "table", formatExplicit: true, jsonShorthand: true, want: "table"},
-		{name: "case normalized", format: "PRETTY", formatExplicit: true, want: "pretty"},
-		{name: "unsupported", format: "xml", formatExplicit: true, wantErr: true},
-	}
-	for _, tt := range tests {
-		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			got, err := StandardFormats.Resolve(tt.format, tt.formatExplicit, tt.jsonShorthand)
-			if tt.wantErr {
-				var validationErr *errs.ValidationError
-				if !errors.As(err, &validationErr) || validationErr.Subtype != errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument || validationErr.Param != "--format" {
-					t.Fatalf("Resolve() error = %T %v, want invalid_argument --format validation error", err, err)
-				}
-				return
-			}
-			if err != nil || got != tt.want {
-				t.Fatalf("Resolve() = %q, %v; want %q, nil", got, err, tt.want)
-			}
-		})
-	}
-}
-
-func TestFormatCapabilitiesDriveHelpAndCompletion(t *testing.T) {
-	if got, want := StandardFormats.Usage(), "output format: json|pretty|table|ndjson|csv"; got != want {
-		t.Fatalf("Usage() = %q, want %q", got, want)
-	}
-	if got, want := StandardFormats.Names(), []string{"json", "pretty", "table", "ndjson", "csv"}; !reflect.DeepEqual(got, want) {
-		t.Fatalf("Names() = %v, want %v", got, want)
-	}
-}

internal/output/envelope.go

@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ package output
 type Envelope struct {
 	OK                 bool                   `json:"ok"`
 	Identity           string                 `json:"identity,omitempty"`
-	DryRun             bool                   `json:"dry_run,omitempty"`
 	Data               interface{}            `json:"data,omitempty"`
 	Meta               *Meta                  `json:"meta,omitempty"`
 	ContentSafetyAlert interface{}            `json:"_content_safety_alert,omitempty"`

internal/output/envelope_success.go

@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ import "io"
 type SuccessEnvelopeOptions struct {
 	CommandPath string
 	Identity    string
-	DryRun      bool
 	JqExpr      string
 	Out         io.Writer
 	ErrOut      io.Writer
@@ -42,7 +41,6 @@ func WriteSuccessEnvelope(data interface{}, opts SuccessEnvelopeOptions) error {
 	env := Envelope{
 		OK:       true,
 		Identity: opts.Identity,
-		DryRun:   opts.DryRun,
 		Data:     data,
 		Notice:   GetNotice(),
 	}

internal/output/envelope_success_test.go

@@ -104,47 +104,6 @@ func TestWriteSuccessEnvelope_JqUsesEnvelope(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-func TestWriteSuccessEnvelope_DryRunMarker(t *testing.T) {
-	var out strings.Builder
-
-	err := WriteSuccessEnvelope(map[string]interface{}{"api": []interface{}{}}, SuccessEnvelopeOptions{
-		Identity: "bot",
-		DryRun:   true,
-		Out:      &out,
-	})
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("WriteSuccessEnvelope() error = %v", err)
-	}
-
-	var env map[string]interface{}
-	if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(out.String()), &env); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("invalid JSON output: %v\n%s", err, out.String())
-	}
-	if env["ok"] != true || env["identity"] != "bot" || env["dry_run"] != true {
-		t.Fatalf("unexpected dry-run envelope: %#v", env)
-	}
-	if _, ok := env["data"].(map[string]interface{}); !ok {
-		t.Fatalf("data = %#v, want object", env["data"])
-	}
-}
-
-func TestWriteSuccessEnvelope_DryRunJqUsesEnvelope(t *testing.T) {
-	var out strings.Builder
-
-	err := WriteSuccessEnvelope(map[string]interface{}{"api": []interface{}{}}, SuccessEnvelopeOptions{
-		Identity: "bot",
-		DryRun:   true,
-		JqExpr:   ".dry_run",
-		Out:      &out,
-	})
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("WriteSuccessEnvelope() error = %v", err)
-	}
-	if strings.TrimSpace(out.String()) != "true" {
-		t.Fatalf("jq output = %q, want true", out.String())
-	}
-}
-
 func TestWriteSuccessEnvelope_JqWarnsWhenSafetyAlertFiltered(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONTENT_SAFETY_MODE", "warn")
 	extcs.Register(&mockProvider{

internal/output/format.go

@@ -103,9 +103,6 @@ func ExtractItems(data interface{}) []interface{} {
 func FormatValue(w io.Writer, data interface{}, format Format) {
 	data = toGeneric(data)
 	switch format {
-	case FormatPretty:
-		PrintJson(w, data)
-
 	case FormatNDJSON:
 		items := ExtractItems(data)
 		if items != nil {
@@ -152,9 +149,6 @@ func NewPaginatedFormatter(w io.Writer, format Format) *PaginatedFormatter {
 // FormatPage formats one page of items.
 func (pf *PaginatedFormatter) FormatPage(data interface{}) {
 	switch pf.Format {
-	case FormatPretty:
-		PrintJson(pf.W, data)
-
 	case FormatJSON, FormatNDJSON:
 		if arr, ok := data.([]interface{}); ok {
 			PrintNdjson(pf.W, arr)

internal/output/format_test.go

@@ -73,30 +73,6 @@ func TestFormatValue_Table(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-func TestFormatValue_Pretty(t *testing.T) {
-	data := map[string]interface{}{
-		"data": map[string]interface{}{
-			"items": []interface{}{
-				map[string]interface{}{"name": "Alice"},
-			},
-		},
-	}
-
-	var buf bytes.Buffer
-	FormatValue(&buf, data, FormatPretty)
-	out := buf.String()
-
-	if !json.Valid([]byte(out)) {
-		t.Fatalf("pretty output should be valid JSON, got:\n%s", out)
-	}
-	if !strings.Contains(out, "\n  \"data\": {") || !strings.Contains(out, `"name": "Alice"`) {
-		t.Fatalf("pretty output should be indented JSON, got:\n%s", out)
-	}
-	if strings.Contains(out, "─") {
-		t.Fatalf("pretty output should not render a table, got:\n%s", out)
-	}
-}
-
 func TestFormatValue_CSV(t *testing.T) {
 	data := map[string]interface{}{
 		"data": map[string]interface{}{
@@ -173,20 +149,6 @@ func TestPaginatedFormatter_Table(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-func TestPaginatedFormatter_Pretty(t *testing.T) {
-	var buf bytes.Buffer
-	pf := NewPaginatedFormatter(&buf, FormatPretty)
-
-	pf.FormatPage([]interface{}{map[string]interface{}{"name": "Alice"}})
-	out := buf.String()
-	if !json.Valid([]byte(out)) {
-		t.Fatalf("paginated pretty output should be valid JSON, got:\n%s", out)
-	}
-	if !strings.Contains(out, "\n  {") || !strings.Contains(out, `"name": "Alice"`) {
-		t.Fatalf("paginated pretty output should be indented JSON, got:\n%s", out)
-	}
-}
-
 func TestPaginatedFormatter_CSV(t *testing.T) {
 	var buf bytes.Buffer
 	pf := NewPaginatedFormatter(&buf, FormatCSV)

internal/output/format_type.go

@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@ type Format int
 
 const (
 	FormatJSON Format = iota
-	FormatPretty
 	FormatNDJSON
 	FormatTable
 	FormatCSV
@@ -23,8 +22,6 @@ func ParseFormat(s string) (Format, bool) {
 	switch strings.ToLower(s) {
 	case "json", "":
 		return FormatJSON, true
-	case "pretty":
-		return FormatPretty, true
 	case "ndjson":
 		return FormatNDJSON, true
 	case "table":
@@ -39,8 +36,6 @@ func ParseFormat(s string) (Format, bool) {
 // String returns the string representation of a Format.
 func (f Format) String() string {
 	switch f {
-	case FormatPretty:
-		return "pretty"
 	case FormatNDJSON:
 		return "ndjson"
 	case FormatTable:

internal/output/format_type_test.go

@@ -14,9 +14,6 @@ func TestParseFormat(t *testing.T) {
 		{"json", FormatJSON, true},
 		{"JSON", FormatJSON, true},
 		{"Json", FormatJSON, true},
-		{"pretty", FormatPretty, true},
-		{"PRETTY", FormatPretty, true},
-		{"Pretty", FormatPretty, true},
 		{"ndjson", FormatNDJSON, true},
 		{"NDJSON", FormatNDJSON, true},
 		{"Ndjson", FormatNDJSON, true},
@@ -55,7 +52,6 @@ func TestFormatString(t *testing.T) {
 		want   string
 	}{
 		{FormatJSON, "json"},
-		{FormatPretty, "pretty"},
 		{FormatNDJSON, "ndjson"},
 		{FormatTable, "table"},
 		{FormatCSV, "csv"},

internal/qualitygate/cmd/manifest-export/collect.go

@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@ import (
 
 	rootcmd "github.com/larksuite/cli/cmd"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdmeta"
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdpolicy"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/qualitygate/manifest"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/registry"
@@ -95,7 +94,7 @@ func commandFromCobra(c *cobra.Command, defaultFields map[string][]string) manif
 		Short:         c.Short,
 		Example:       c.Example,
 		Hidden:        c.Hidden,
-		Runnable:      c.Runnable() && !cmdpolicy.IsPureGroup(c),
+		Runnable:      c.Runnable(),
 		Source:        source,
 		Generated:     cmdmeta.Generated(c),
 		Identities:    cmdmeta.Identities(c),

internal/qualitygate/cmd/manifest-export/main_test.go

@@ -90,20 +90,6 @@ func TestCollectContainsDocsFetchAndDryRunFlag(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-func TestCollectMarksPureNavigationGroupsNonRunnable(t *testing.T) {
-	got, err := collectCommandIndex(context.Background())
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("collectCommandIndex() error = %v", err)
-	}
-	cmd := findManifestCommand(&got, "approval")
-	if cmd == nil {
-		t.Fatalf("approval group not found")
-	}
-	if cmd.Runnable {
-		t.Fatalf("approval is a navigation group and must not be exported as runnable")
-	}
-}
-
 func TestCollectExcludesGeneratedServiceCommands(t *testing.T) {
 	got, err := collectHandAuthored(context.Background())
 	if err != nil {

internal/qualitygate/cmd/semantic-review/main_test.go

@@ -9,15 +9,12 @@ import (
 	"path/filepath"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
-	"time"
 
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/qualitygate/facts"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/qualitygate/semantic"
 )
 
 func TestRunLoadsPolicyAndWaivers(t *testing.T) {
-	freezeNow(t, time.Date(2026, 6, 12, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC))
-
 	repo := t.TempDir()
 	writeSemanticConfig(t, repo, `{
 	  "schema_version": 1,
@@ -68,8 +65,6 @@ func TestRunLoadsPolicyAndWaivers(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestRunLoadsWaiversFromOverrideFile(t *testing.T) {
-	freezeNow(t, time.Date(2026, 6, 12, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC))
-
 	repo := t.TempDir()
 	writeSemanticConfig(t, repo, `{
 	  "schema_version": 1,
@@ -375,13 +370,6 @@ func writeSemanticConfig(t *testing.T, repo, policy, models, waivers string) {
 	}
 }
 
-func freezeNow(t *testing.T, fixed time.Time) {
-	t.Helper()
-	original := now
-	now = func() time.Time { return fixed }
-	t.Cleanup(func() { now = original })
-}
-
 func readDecision(t *testing.T, path string) semantic.Decision {
 	t.Helper()
 	data, err := os.ReadFile(path)

internal/qualitygate/publiccontent/scan.go

@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ import (
 	"encoding/base64"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
-	"math"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"sort"
 	"strings"
@@ -79,15 +78,12 @@ func scanText(file, source, text string, detectorFile bool) []Finding {
 			out = append(out, newFinding("public_content_bearer_header", file, lineNo, source, "Authorization: Bearer <redacted>"))
 		}
 		for _, match := range credentialURLRE.FindAllString(line, -1) {
-			if isPlaceholderCredentialURL(file, match) {
+			if isPlaceholderCredentialURL(match) {
 				continue
 			}
 			out = append(out, newFinding("public_content_credential_url", file, lineNo, source, redactCredentialURL(match)))
 		}
 		for _, match := range privateIPv4RE.FindAllString(line, -1) {
-			if !warnForPrivateIPv4(file) {
-				continue
-			}
 			out = append(out, newFinding("public_content_private_ipv4", file, lineNo, source, match))
 		}
 		if source == "branch" && automationBranchRE.MatchString(line) {
@@ -134,9 +130,6 @@ func isCredentialAssignmentMatch(match string) bool {
 	if isBenignTokenField(name) && !credentialShapedValue(value) {
 		return false
 	}
-	if isWeakTokenCredentialKey(name) && !weakTokenValueLooksCredentialLike(value) {
-		return false
-	}
 	return isExplicitCredentialKey(name)
 }
 
@@ -291,9 +284,6 @@ func tokenLikePlaceholderValue(key, value string) bool {
 	if normalized == "" || credentialShapedIdentifier(normalized) {
 		return false
 	}
-	if authCredentialTokenKey(key) {
-		return false
-	}
 	return resourceTokenPlaceholderValue(value) ||
 		maskedTokenFixturePlaceholderValue(key, normalized) ||
 		isPlaceholderValue(value) ||
@@ -323,109 +313,11 @@ func maskedTokenFixturePlaceholderValue(key, value string) bool {
 	return stars >= 6 && alnum > 0
 }
 
-func isWeakTokenCredentialKey(key string) bool {
-	if authCredentialTokenKey(key) || isStrongTokenCredentialKey(key) {
-		return false
-	}
-	return key == "token" ||
-		strings.HasSuffix(key, "_token") ||
-		strings.HasSuffix(key, "-token")
-}
-
-func isStrongTokenCredentialKey(key string) bool {
-	parts := credentialKeyParts(strings.ReplaceAll(strings.ToLower(key), "-", "_"))
-	for _, phrase := range [][2]string{
-		{"access", "token"},
-		{"refresh", "token"},
-		{"auth", "token"},
-		{"bearer", "token"},
-		{"session", "token"},
-		{"service", "token"},
-		{"bot", "token"},
-		{"api", "token"},
-		{"secret", "token"},
-	} {
-		if hasAdjacentCredentialParts(parts, phrase[0], phrase[1]) {
-			return true
-		}
-	}
-	return false
-}
-
-func weakTokenValueLooksCredentialLike(value string) bool {
-	normalized := strings.ToLower(strings.Trim(value, `"'<>`))
-	if normalized == "" ||
-		isNonSecretLiteralValue(value) ||
-		isPlaceholderValue(value) {
-		return false
-	}
-	candidate := unwrapCredentialValue(normalized)
-	return credentialShapedIdentifier(candidate) ||
-		highEntropyCredentialValue(candidate) ||
-		commandSubstitutionLooksCredentialLike(normalized) ||
-		(strings.Contains(normalized, "://") &&
-			urlRemainderLooksCredentialLike(removeAnglePlaceholders(normalized)))
-}
-
-func unwrapCredentialValue(value string) string {
-	value = strings.TrimSpace(strings.Trim(value, `"'<>`))
-	if strings.HasPrefix(value, "${{") && strings.HasSuffix(value, "}}") {
-		value = strings.TrimSpace(strings.TrimSuffix(strings.TrimPrefix(value, "${{"), "}}"))
-	}
-	value = strings.TrimPrefix(value, "$")
-	value = strings.Trim(value, "%")
-	return strings.TrimSpace(value)
-}
-
-func highEntropyCredentialValue(value string) bool {
-	if len(value) < 32 {
-		return false
-	}
-	var hasLetter, hasDigit bool
-	for _, r := range value {
-		switch {
-		case r >= 'a' && r <= 'z':
-			hasLetter = true
-		case r >= '0' && r <= '9':
-			hasDigit = true
-		case r == '_' || r == '-' || r == '.' || r == '=':
-		default:
-			return false
-		}
-	}
-	return hasLetter && hasDigit && shannonEntropy(value) >= 3.5
-}
-
-func shannonEntropy(value string) float64 {
-	if value == "" {
-		return 0
-	}
-	counts := map[rune]int{}
-	for _, r := range value {
-		counts[r]++
-	}
-	var entropy float64
-	length := float64(len([]rune(value)))
-	for _, count := range counts {
-		p := float64(count) / length
-		entropy -= p * log2(p)
-	}
-	return entropy
-}
-
-func log2(value float64) float64 {
-	return math.Log(value) / math.Ln2
-}
-
 func authCredentialTokenKey(key string) bool {
 	switch strings.ReplaceAll(strings.ToLower(key), "-", "_") {
 	case "access_token",
-		"api_token",
-		"bot_token",
 		"refresh_token",
-		"secret_token",
 		"session_token",
-		"service_token",
 		"bearer_token",
 		"auth_token",
 		"authorization_token",
@@ -952,7 +844,7 @@ func looksLikeEqualityComparison(value string) bool {
 	return strings.HasPrefix(strings.TrimSpace(value), "=")
 }
 
-func isPlaceholderCredentialURL(file, raw string) bool {
+func isPlaceholderCredentialURL(raw string) bool {
 	userInfo, ok := credentialURLUserInfo(raw)
 	if !ok {
 		return false
@@ -961,8 +853,7 @@ func isPlaceholderCredentialURL(file, raw string) bool {
 	if !ok {
 		return false
 	}
-	return credentialURLPasswordPlaceholder(password) ||
-		(sourceOrTestFixtureFile(file) && credentialURLPasswordFixture(password))
+	return credentialURLPasswordPlaceholder(password)
 }
 
 func credentialURLPasswordPlaceholder(password string) bool {
@@ -976,46 +867,6 @@ func credentialURLPasswordPlaceholder(password string) bool {
 	return angleWrappedPlaceholder(decoded) || percentWrappedPlaceholder(decoded)
 }
 
-func credentialURLPasswordFixture(password string) bool {
-	normalized := strings.ToLower(strings.Trim(password, `"'`))
-	switch normalized {
-	case "p",
-		"pass",
-		"password",
-		"pat_abc",
-		"pw",
-		"s3cret",
-		"secret",
-		"t":
-		return true
-	default:
-		return false
-	}
-}
-
-func sourceOrTestFixtureFile(file string) bool {
-	normalized := filepath.ToSlash(file)
-	return sourceCodeFile(normalized) ||
-		strings.HasPrefix(normalized, "testdata/") ||
-		strings.HasPrefix(normalized, "fixtures/") ||
-		strings.Contains(normalized, "/testdata/") ||
-		strings.Contains(normalized, "/fixtures/")
-}
-
-func warnForPrivateIPv4(file string) bool {
-	normalized := filepath.ToSlash(file)
-	if sourceOrTestFixtureFile(normalized) {
-		return false
-	}
-	switch filepath.Ext(normalized) {
-	case ".md", ".mdx", ".txt", ".json", ".yaml", ".yml", ".toml", ".env":
-		return true
-	default:
-		return strings.HasPrefix(normalized, "docs/") ||
-			strings.HasPrefix(normalized, "skills/")
-	}
-}
-
 func credentialURLUserInfo(raw string) (string, bool) {
 	schemeIdx := strings.Index(raw, "://")
 	if schemeIdx < 0 {

internal/qualitygate/publiccontent/scan_test.go

@@ -61,19 +61,6 @@ func TestScanFileWarnsForPrivateIPv4Examples(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-func TestScanFileAllowsPrivateIPv4SourceFixtures(t *testing.T) {
-	got := ScanFile("internal/transport/warn_test.go", []byte(strings.Join([]string{
-		`proxy := "http://user:pass@10.0.0.1:3128"`,
-		`target := "socks5://admin:secret@172.16.0.1:1080"`,
-		`host := "192.168.0.10"`,
-	}, "\n")+"\n"))
-	for _, item := range got {
-		if item.Rule == "public_content_private_ipv4" {
-			t.Fatalf("private IPv4 source fixtures should not be public content findings: %#v", got)
-		}
-	}
-}
-
 func TestSemanticCandidateRequiresSpecificRiskSignals(t *testing.T) {
 	benign := semanticCandidate("docs/network.md", "file", "For a local lab, use RFC1918 example host 192.168."+"0.10 only.", 1)
 	if len(benign) != 0 {
@@ -645,45 +632,6 @@ func TestScanFileAllowsCredentialURLPlaceholders(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-func TestScanFileAllowsCredentialURLFixtures(t *testing.T) {
-	got := ScanFile("fixtures/network_test.go", []byte(strings.Join([]string{
-		`proxy := "http://user:pass@proxy:8080"`,
-		`repo := "https://u:t@h/r.git"`,
-		`target := "https://attacker:pw@open.feishu.cn"`,
-		`proxy := "http://admin:s3cret@127.0.0.1:3128"`,
-		`repo := "http://x-token:PAT_abc@git.host/app_x.git"`,
-	}, "\n")+"\n"))
-	for _, item := range got {
-		if item.Rule == "public_content_credential_url" {
-			t.Fatalf("credential URL fixtures should not be credential URL findings: %#v", got)
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-func TestScanFileAllowsRootCredentialURLFixtures(t *testing.T) {
-	got := ScanFile("fixtures/network.md", []byte(strings.Join([]string{
-		`proxy: http://user:pass@proxy:8080`,
-		`repo: https://u:t@h/r.git`,
-	}, "\n")+"\n"))
-	for _, item := range got {
-		if item.Rule == "public_content_credential_url" {
-			t.Fatalf("root credential URL fixtures should not be credential URL findings: %#v", got)
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-func TestScanFileAllowsRootPrivateIPv4Fixtures(t *testing.T) {
-	got := ScanFile("testdata/network.md", []byte(strings.Join([]string{
-		`endpoint: http://10.0.0.1:8080`,
-		`redis: 192.168.1.10:6379`,
-	}, "\n")+"\n"))
-	for _, item := range got {
-		if item.Rule == "public_content_private_ipv4" {
-			t.Fatalf("root private IPv4 fixtures should not be private IPv4 findings: %#v", got)
-		}
-	}
-}
-
 func TestScanFileDetectsCredentialURLsWithRedactedSubstringPasswords(t *testing.T) {
 	got := ScanFile("docs/config.yaml", []byte("DATABASE_URL=postgres://user:notredactedreal@example.invalid/db\n"))
 	for _, item := range got {
@@ -700,7 +648,6 @@ func TestScanFileDetectsCredentialURLsWithPlaceholderUserAndRealPassword(t *test
 		"DATABASE_URL=postgres://<user>:real-secret@example.invalid/db",
 		"DATABASE_URL=postgres://<user>:" + stripeLike + "@example.invalid/db",
 		"URL=https://<user>:real-secret@example.invalid/path",
-		"REPO=https://x-token:" + stripeLike + "@git.host/app.git",
 	}, "\n")+"\n"))
 	var count int
 	for _, item := range got {
@@ -714,8 +661,8 @@ func TestScanFileDetectsCredentialURLsWithPlaceholderUserAndRealPassword(t *test
 			}
 		}
 	}
-	if count != 4 {
-		t.Fatalf("placeholder-user credential URL findings = %d, want 4: %#v", count, got)
+	if count != 3 {
+		t.Fatalf("placeholder-user credential URL findings = %d, want 3: %#v", count, got)
 	}
 }
 
@@ -777,68 +724,6 @@ func TestScanFileAllowsBenignJSONTokenFields(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-func TestScanFileAllowsWeakTokenFieldsWithoutCredentialEvidence(t *testing.T) {
-	got := ScanFile("docs/resource-tokens.md", []byte(strings.Join([]string{
-		`{"token":"img_abc123"}`,
-		`{"token":"img_live_secret"}`,
-		`{"token":"img_prod_key"}`,
-		`token=ab********cd`,
-		`{"image_token":"img_live_secret"}`,
-		`{"data_mail_token":"mail_abc123"}`,
-		`{"whiteboard_token":"board_v3_example"}`,
-		`{"want_token":"token from callback"}`,
-	}, "\n")+"\n"))
-	for _, item := range got {
-		if item.Rule == "public_content_generic_credential" {
-			t.Fatalf("weak token fields without credential evidence should not be credential findings: %#v", got)
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-func TestScanFileDetectsWeakTokenFieldsWithHighConfidenceCredentialValues(t *testing.T) {
-	githubToken := "ghp_" + "1234567890abcdef1234567890abcdef1234"
-	stripeToken := "sk_" + "live_1234567890abcdef"
-	randomToken := strings.Join([]string{
-		"a1b2c3d4",
-		"e5f6g7h8",
-		"i9j0k1l2",
-		"m3n4p5q6",
-	}, "")
-	got := ScanFile("docs/config.md", []byte(strings.Join([]string{
-		`{"token":"` + githubToken + `"}`,
-		`token=` + stripeToken,
-		`{"image_token":"` + githubToken + `"}`,
-		`{"token":"` + randomToken + `"}`,
-	}, "\n")+"\n"))
-	var count int
-	for _, item := range got {
-		if item.Rule == "public_content_generic_credential" {
-			count++
-		}
-	}
-	if count != 4 {
-		t.Fatalf("high-confidence weak token credential findings = %d, want 4: %#v", count, got)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestScanFileDetectsStrongAuthTokenKeysWithFixtureLikeValues(t *testing.T) {
-	got := ScanFile("docs/config.md", []byte(strings.Join([]string{
-		`{"access_token":"img_abc123"}`,
-		`{"api_token":"img_live_secret"}`,
-		`{"service_token":"ab********cd"}`,
-		`{"bot_token":"board_v3_example"}`,
-	}, "\n")+"\n"))
-	var count int
-	for _, item := range got {
-		if item.Rule == "public_content_generic_credential" {
-			count++
-		}
-	}
-	if count != 4 {
-		t.Fatalf("strong auth token key findings = %d, want 4: %#v", count, got)
-	}
-}
-
 func TestScanFileAllowsTestFixtureSecretValues(t *testing.T) {
 	got := ScanFile("fixtures/calendar_meeting_test.go", []byte(`AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: core.BrandFeishu,`+"\n"))
 	for _, item := range got {
@@ -1167,12 +1052,10 @@ func TestScanFileDetectsCredentialShapedTokenLikePlaceholderValues(t *testing.T)
 	}
 }
 
-func TestScanFileAllowsNonFixtureResourceTokenValues(t *testing.T) {
+func TestScanFileDetectsNonFixtureMinuteTokenValues(t *testing.T) {
 	got := ScanFile("fixtures/minutes_search_test.go", []byte(`{"token":"minute_real_secret"}`+"\n"))
-	for _, item := range got {
-		if item.Rule == "public_content_generic_credential" {
-			t.Fatalf("resource-like bare token value should not be credential finding: %#v", got)
-		}
+	if !findingRules(got)["public_content_generic_credential"] {
+		t.Fatalf("non-fixture minute token should be credential finding: %#v", got)
 	}
 }
 

internal/qualitygate/rules/dryrun.go

@@ -878,23 +878,16 @@ func extractDryRunJSON(raw []byte) (facts.DryRunRequest, int, error) {
 	var firstErr error
 	for start >= 0 {
 		var preview struct {
-			API  []facts.DryRunRequest `json:"api"`
-			Data struct {
-				API []facts.DryRunRequest `json:"api"`
-			} `json:"data"`
+			API []facts.DryRunRequest `json:"api"`
 		}
 		dec := json.NewDecoder(bytes.NewReader(raw[start:]))
 		if err := dec.Decode(&preview); err == nil {
-			api := preview.API
-			if len(api) == 0 {
-				api = preview.Data.API
-			}
-			if len(api) == 0 {
+			if len(preview.API) == 0 {
 				if firstErr == nil {
 					firstErr = errNoDryRunAPI
 				}
 			} else {
-				return api[0], len(api), nil
+				return preview.API[0], len(preview.API), nil
 			}
 		} else if firstErr == nil {
 			firstErr = err

internal/qualitygate/rules/dryrun_test.go

@@ -33,17 +33,6 @@ func TestExtractDryRunJSONSkipsBanner(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-func TestExtractDryRunJSONReadsSuccessEnvelope(t *testing.T) {
-	raw := `{"ok":true,"dry_run":true,"data":{"api":[{"method":"GET","url":"/open-apis/test"}]}}`
-	got, apiCallCount, err := extractDryRunJSON([]byte(raw))
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("extractDryRunJSON() error = %v", err)
-	}
-	if got.Method != "GET" || got.URL != "/open-apis/test" || apiCallCount != 1 {
-		t.Fatalf("got request=%#v apiCallCount=%d, want enveloped GET and count 1", got, apiCallCount)
-	}
-}
-
 func TestExtractDryRunJSONSkipsBannerWithBraces(t *testing.T) {
 	raw := "banner {not json}\n{\"api\":[{\"method\":\"GET\",\"url\":\"/open-apis/test\"}]}\n"
 	got, apiCallCount, err := extractDryRunJSON([]byte(raw))

internal/registry/catalog.go

@@ -6,7 +6,8 @@ package registry
 import "github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/apicatalog"
 
 // EmbeddedCatalog returns a navigation catalog over the embedded (overlay-free)
-// metadata — deterministic across machines, for golden tests and schema lint.
+// metadata — deterministic across machines, for `lark-cli schema`, golden tests
+// and schema lint.
 func EmbeddedCatalog() apicatalog.Catalog {
 	return apicatalog.New(apicatalog.SourceEmbedded, EmbeddedServicesTyped())
 }
@@ -17,14 +18,3 @@ func EmbeddedCatalog() apicatalog.Catalog {
 func RuntimeCatalog() apicatalog.Catalog {
 	return apicatalog.New(apicatalog.SourceRuntime, ServicesTyped())
 }
-
-// SchemaCatalog returns the embedded catalog when metadata is compiled in,
-// otherwise the merged runtime catalog. Binaries built from the bare Go module
-// embed only the empty meta_data_default.json stub, so the embedded view has
-// nothing to resolve; the merged view is the only data such binaries have.
-func SchemaCatalog() apicatalog.Catalog {
-	if len(EmbeddedServicesTyped()) > 0 {
-		return EmbeddedCatalog()
-	}
-	return RuntimeCatalog()
-}

internal/registry/catalog_test.go

@@ -1,67 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
-
-package registry
-
-import (
-	"net/http"
-	"net/http/httptest"
-	"testing"
-
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/apicatalog"
-)
-
-// swapEmbeddedMeta replaces the compiled-in metadata bytes for one test and
-// restores them (with a full state reset) on cleanup.
-func swapEmbeddedMeta(t *testing.T, data []byte) {
-	t.Helper()
-	resetInit()
-	orig := embeddedMetaJSON
-	embeddedMetaJSON = data
-	t.Cleanup(func() {
-		waitBackgroundRefresh()
-		embeddedMetaJSON = orig
-		resetInit()
-	})
-}
-
-func TestSchemaCatalog_EmbeddedWhenCompiledIn(t *testing.T) {
-	swapEmbeddedMeta(t, testCacheJSON("embedded_svc"))
-	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", t.TempDir())
-	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_REMOTE_META", "off")
-
-	c := SchemaCatalog()
-
-	if c.Source() != apicatalog.SourceEmbedded {
-		t.Fatalf("Source = %q, want %q", c.Source(), apicatalog.SourceEmbedded)
-	}
-	if _, ok := c.Service("embedded_svc"); !ok {
-		t.Fatal("expected embedded_svc from embedded metadata")
-	}
-}
-
-// TestSchemaCatalog_FallsBackToRuntimeWhenNoEmbedded simulates a binary built
-// from the bare Go module (plugin builds): only the empty meta_data_default.json
-// stub is compiled in, so SchemaCatalog must serve the merged runtime view that
-// Init seeds via sync fetch.
-func TestSchemaCatalog_FallsBackToRuntimeWhenNoEmbedded(t *testing.T) {
-	swapEmbeddedMeta(t, embeddedMetaDataDefaultJSON)
-	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", t.TempDir())
-	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_REMOTE_META", "on")
-
-	ts := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-		w.WriteHeader(200)
-		w.Write(testEnvelopeJSON("remote_svc"))
-	}))
-	defer ts.Close()
-	testMetaURL = ts.URL
-
-	c := SchemaCatalog()
-
-	if c.Source() != apicatalog.SourceRuntime {
-		t.Fatalf("Source = %q, want %q", c.Source(), apicatalog.SourceRuntime)
-	}
-	if _, ok := c.Service("remote_svc"); !ok {
-		t.Fatal("expected remote_svc from runtime fallback")
-	}
-}

internal/registry/loader.go

@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/meta"
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/update"
 )
 
 //go:embed scope_priorities.json scope_overrides.json
@@ -69,12 +68,6 @@ func Init() {
 	InitWithBrand(core.BrandFeishu)
 }
 
-// ConfiguredBrand reports the brand the registry was initialized with
-// (empty before initialization). Diagnostics and startup-order tests use it.
-func ConfiguredBrand() core.LarkBrand {
-	return configuredBrand
-}
-
 // InitWithBrand initializes the registry by loading embedded data and optionally
 // overlaying cached remote data. The brand determines which remote API host to use.
 // It is safe to call multiple times (sync.Once).
@@ -92,9 +85,7 @@ func InitWithBrand(brand core.LarkBrand) {
 			brandChanged := metaErr == nil && cm.Brand != "" && cm.Brand != string(brand)
 
 			if !brandChanged {
-				// After a CLI upgrade the embedded data can be fresher than an old
-				// cache; an equal/older cache must not shadow it.
-				if cached, err := loadCachedMerged(); err == nil && update.IsNewer(cached.Version, embeddedVersion) {
+				if cached, err := loadCachedMerged(); err == nil {
 					overlayMergedServices(cached)
 				}
 			}

internal/registry/loader_test.go

@@ -1,102 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
-
-package registry
-
-import (
-	"encoding/json"
-	"os"
-	"path/filepath"
-	"testing"
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/meta"
-)
-
-// seedCache writes a cache file + cache meta for one service whose Title is
-// marker, tagged with the given top-level data version and brand.
-func seedCache(t *testing.T, dir, name, marker, version, brand string) {
-	t.Helper()
-	cDir := filepath.Join(dir, "cache")
-	if err := os.MkdirAll(cDir, 0700); err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-	reg := MergedRegistry{
-		Version:  version,
-		Services: []meta.Service{{Name: name, Version: "cache", Title: marker}},
-	}
-	data, _ := json.Marshal(reg)
-	if err := os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(cDir, "remote_meta.json"), data, 0644); err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-	cm := CacheMeta{LastCheckAt: time.Now().Unix(), Version: version, Brand: brand}
-	mData, _ := json.Marshal(cm)
-	if err := os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(cDir, "remote_meta.meta.json"), mData, 0644); err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-}
-
-// initWithCache runs a fresh feishu-brand init with remote on, a high TTL and a
-// recent LastCheckAt (so no refresh fires), embedded meta at embeddedVer and a
-// pre-seeded cache at cacheVer — the overlay version gate is the only variable.
-func initWithCache(t *testing.T, embeddedVer, cacheVer string) {
-	t.Helper()
-	embedded, _ := json.Marshal(MergedRegistry{
-		Version:  embeddedVer,
-		Services: []meta.Service{{Name: "svc", Version: "embedded", Title: "EMBEDDED"}},
-	})
-	swapEmbeddedMeta(t, embedded)
-	tmp := t.TempDir()
-	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", tmp)
-	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_REMOTE_META", "on")
-	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_META_TTL", "3600")
-	seedCache(t, tmp, "svc", "CACHE", cacheVer, "feishu")
-	InitWithBrand(core.BrandFeishu)
-}
-
-func titleOf(t *testing.T, name string) string {
-	t.Helper()
-	svc, ok := ServiceTyped(name)
-	if !ok {
-		t.Fatalf("service %q not loaded", name)
-	}
-	return svc.Title
-}
-
-func TestOverlayGate_EqualVersion_UsesEmbedded(t *testing.T) {
-	initWithCache(t, "1.0.0", "1.0.0")
-	if got := titleOf(t, "svc"); got != "EMBEDDED" {
-		t.Errorf("equal version: got %q, want EMBEDDED (cache must not overlay)", got)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestOverlayGate_OlderCache_UsesEmbedded(t *testing.T) {
-	initWithCache(t, "2.0.0", "1.0.0")
-	if got := titleOf(t, "svc"); got != "EMBEDDED" {
-		t.Errorf("older cache: got %q, want EMBEDDED", got)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestOverlayGate_NewerCache_OverlaysCache(t *testing.T) {
-	initWithCache(t, "1.0.0", "2.0.0")
-	if got := titleOf(t, "svc"); got != "CACHE" {
-		t.Errorf("newer cache: got %q, want CACHE", got)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestOverlayGate_UnparseableCacheVersion_UsesEmbedded(t *testing.T) {
-	initWithCache(t, "1.0.0", "not-a-semver")
-	if got := titleOf(t, "svc"); got != "EMBEDDED" {
-		t.Errorf("unparseable cache version: got %q, want EMBEDDED", got)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestOverlayGate_StubEmbedded_OverlaysRealCache(t *testing.T) {
-	// The bare-module stub baseline is "0.0.0"; a real cache version must win so
-	// plugin builds without compiled meta_data.json still get remote data.
-	initWithCache(t, "0.0.0", "1.0.0")
-	if got := titleOf(t, "svc"); got != "CACHE" {
-		t.Errorf("stub-embedded baseline: got %q, want CACHE", got)
-	}
-}

internal/registry/registry_test.go

@@ -248,18 +248,10 @@ func TestLoadPlatformAutoApproveSet(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestLoadOverrideAutoApproveAllow(t *testing.T) {
 	allowSet := LoadOverrideAutoApproveAllow()
-	// recommend.allow special-cases scopes absent from scope_priorities.json
-	// (application v7 is not in the platform catalog yet) so interactive
-	// login's "common scopes" tier still offers them. Only the read scope is
-	// admitted: write stays out of the recommended tier by design.
-	if !allowSet["application:app_slash_command:read"] {
-		t.Error("expected application:app_slash_command:read in override allow set")
-	}
-	if allowSet["application:app_slash_command:write"] {
-		t.Error("write scope must NOT be in the recommended tier")
-	}
-	if len(allowSet) != 1 {
-		t.Errorf("expected exactly 1 override allow entry, got %d", len(allowSet))
+	// recommend.allow in scope_overrides.json is intentionally empty:
+	// no scopes are special-cased into the auto-approve set anymore.
+	if len(allowSet) != 0 {
+		t.Errorf("expected empty override allow set, got %d entries", len(allowSet))
 	}
 }
 

internal/registry/remote.go

@@ -75,7 +75,13 @@ func remoteMetaURL(version string) string {
 	if testMetaURL != "" {
 		return testMetaURL
 	}
-	base := core.ResolveEndpoints(configuredBrand).Open + "/api/tools/open/api_definition"
+	var base string
+	switch configuredBrand {
+	case core.BrandLark:
+		base = "https://open.larksuite.com/api/tools/open/api_definition"
+	default:
+		base = "https://open.feishu.cn/api/tools/open/api_definition"
+	}
 	q := "protocol=meta&client_version=" + url.QueryEscape(build.Version)
 	if version != "" {
 		q += "&data_version=" + url.QueryEscape(version)

internal/registry/remote_test.go

@@ -72,11 +72,9 @@ func hasEmbeddedServices() bool {
 }
 
 // testRegistry returns a minimal MergedRegistry with one service.
-// The version is a real semver newer than the embedded stub baseline ("0.0.0")
-// so cache overlay passes the version gate in InitWithBrand.
 func testRegistry(name string) MergedRegistry {
 	return MergedRegistry{
-		Version: "1.0.0",
+		Version: "test-1.0",
 		Services: []meta.Service{
 			{
 				Name:        name,
@@ -162,7 +160,7 @@ func TestRemoteOff_SkipsRemoteLogic(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestCacheHit_WithinTTL(t *testing.T) {
-	swapEmbeddedMeta(t, nil) // overlay must depend only on the cache version, not the ambient embedded meta
+	resetInit()
 	tmp := t.TempDir()
 	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", tmp)
 	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_REMOTE_META", "on")
@@ -199,7 +197,7 @@ func TestCacheHit_WithinTTL(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestNetworkError_SilentDegradation(t *testing.T) {
-	swapEmbeddedMeta(t, nil) // overlay must depend only on the cache version, not the ambient embedded meta
+	resetInit()
 	tmp := t.TempDir()
 	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", tmp)
 	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_REMOTE_META", "on")
@@ -373,8 +371,8 @@ func TestFetchRemoteMerged_200(t *testing.T) {
 	if data == nil {
 		t.Fatal("expected non-nil data")
 	}
-	if reg.Version != "1.0.0" {
-		t.Errorf("expected version 1.0.0, got %s", reg.Version)
+	if reg.Version != "test-1.0" {
+		t.Errorf("expected version test-1.0, got %s", reg.Version)
 	}
 }
 

internal/registry/scope_hint.go

@@ -59,9 +59,13 @@ func BuildConsoleScopeURL(brand core.LarkBrand, appID, scope string) string {
 	if appID == "" || scope == "" {
 		return ""
 	}
+	host := "open.feishu.cn"
+	if brand == core.BrandLark {
+		host = "open.larksuite.com"
+	}
 	return fmt.Sprintf(
-		"%s/page/scope-apply?clientID=%s&scopes=%s",
-		core.ResolveOpenBaseURL(brand),
+		"https://%s/page/scope-apply?clientID=%s&scopes=%s",
+		host,
 		url.QueryEscape(appID),
 		url.QueryEscape(scope),
 	)

internal/registry/scope_overrides.json

@@ -12,9 +12,7 @@
     "vc:meeting.meetingevent:read": 75
   },
   "recommend": {
-    "allow": [
-      "application:app_slash_command:read"
-    ],
+    "allow": [],
     "deny": [
       "im:chat",
       "im:message.send_as_user"

internal/registry/service_descriptions.json

@@ -3,10 +3,6 @@
     "en": { "title": "Approval", "description": "Approval instance, and task management" },
     "zh": { "title": "审批", "description": "审批实例、审批任务管理" }
   },
-  "application": {
-    "en": { "title": "Application", "description": "Open Platform app self-management: slash commands for the currently bound app" },
-    "zh": { "title": "应用管理", "description": "开放平台应用自管理：当前绑定应用的斜杠指令管理" }
-  },
   "apps": {
     "en": { "title": "Apps", "description": "Develop, deploy HTML, web pages and applications" },
     "zh": { "title": "应用", "description": "开发、部署 HTML、Web 页面和应用" }

internal/selfupdate/updater.go

@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/transport"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/vfs"
 )
@@ -33,7 +32,6 @@ type InstallMethod int
 
 const (
 	InstallNpm InstallMethod = iota
-	InstallPnpm
 	InstallManual
 )
 
@@ -50,39 +48,27 @@ const (
 
 var (
 	skillsIndexFetchTimeout = 10 * time.Second
-	// officialSkillsIndexURL overrides the brand-derived skills index URL in
-	// tests; empty in production.
-	officialSkillsIndexURL = ""
+	officialSkillsIndexURL  = "https://open.feishu.cn/.well-known/skills/index.json"
 )
 
 // DetectResult holds installation detection results.
 type DetectResult struct {
-	Method        InstallMethod
-	ResolvedPath  string
-	NpmAvailable  bool
-	PnpmAvailable bool
+	Method       InstallMethod
+	ResolvedPath string
+	NpmAvailable bool
 }
 
 // CanAutoUpdate returns true if the CLI can update itself automatically.
 func (d DetectResult) CanAutoUpdate() bool {
-	switch d.Method {
-	case InstallNpm:
-		return d.NpmAvailable
-	case InstallPnpm:
-		return d.PnpmAvailable
-	}
-	return false
+	return d.Method == InstallNpm && d.NpmAvailable
 }
 
 // ManualReason returns a human-readable explanation of why auto-update is unavailable.
 func (d DetectResult) ManualReason() string {
-	switch {
-	case d.Method == InstallNpm && !d.NpmAvailable:
+	if d.Method == InstallNpm && !d.NpmAvailable {
 		return "installed via npm, but npm is not available in PATH"
-	case d.Method == InstallPnpm && !d.PnpmAvailable:
-		return "installed via pnpm, but pnpm is not available in PATH"
 	}
-	return "not installed via npm or pnpm"
+	return "not installed via npm"
 }
 
 // NpmResult holds the result of an npm install or skills update execution.
@@ -104,12 +90,8 @@ func (r *NpmResult) CombinedOutput() string {
 // Override DetectOverride / NpmInstallOverride / SkillsCommandOverride / VerifyOverride
 // / RestoreAvailableOverride for testing.
 type Updater struct {
-	// Brand selects the skills index/source endpoints (zero value = feishu).
-	Brand core.LarkBrand
-
 	DetectOverride           func() DetectResult
 	NpmInstallOverride       func(version string) *NpmResult
-	PnpmInstallOverride      func(version string) *NpmResult
 	SkillsIndexFetchOverride func() *NpmResult
 	SkillsCommandOverride    func(args ...string) *NpmResult
 	VerifyOverride           func(expectedVersion string) error
@@ -119,51 +101,17 @@ type Updater struct {
 	// running binary is successfully renamed to .old. Used by
 	// CanRestorePreviousVersion to report whether rollback is possible.
 	backupCreated bool
-
-	// detectCache memoizes the first real DetectInstallMethod result. How this
-	// binary was installed cannot change during a single process, so caching is
-	// the correct semantics — and it is required for correctness: the update
-	// flow mutates the install (pnpm add -g / npm install -g) before syncing
-	// skills, so a re-detection at skills time could resolve a now-stale
-	// os.Executable path and misclassify. Seeded pre-update by the first call
-	// (updateRun), it keeps the post-update skills launcher consistent with the
-	// launcher reported to the user. Not goroutine-safe; the update flow is
-	// sequential.
-	detectCache *DetectResult
 }
 
 // New creates an Updater with default (real) behavior.
 func New() *Updater { return &Updater{} }
 
-// skillsIndexURL returns the brand's well-known skills index URL.
-func (u *Updater) skillsIndexURL() string {
-	if officialSkillsIndexURL != "" {
-		return officialSkillsIndexURL
-	}
-	return core.ResolveEndpoints(u.Brand).Open + "/.well-known/skills/index.json"
-}
-
-// skillsSource returns the brand's skills source host for `npx skills add`.
-func (u *Updater) skillsSource() string {
-	return core.ResolveEndpoints(u.Brand).Open
-}
-
-// DetectInstallMethod determines how the CLI was installed and whether the
-// owning package manager is available for auto-update.
+// DetectInstallMethod determines how the CLI was installed and whether
+// npm is available for auto-update.
 func (u *Updater) DetectInstallMethod() DetectResult {
 	if u.DetectOverride != nil {
 		return u.DetectOverride()
 	}
-	if u.detectCache != nil {
-		return *u.detectCache
-	}
-	result := u.detectInstallMethod()
-	u.detectCache = &result
-	return result
-}
-
-// detectInstallMethod performs the real (uncached) detection.
-func (u *Updater) detectInstallMethod() DetectResult {
 	exe, err := vfs.Executable()
 	if err != nil {
 		return DetectResult{Method: InstallManual}
@@ -172,54 +120,24 @@ func (u *Updater) detectInstallMethod() DetectResult {
 	if err != nil {
 		return DetectResult{Method: InstallManual, ResolvedPath: exe}
 	}
-	_, npmErr := exec.LookPath("npm")
-	_, pnpmErr := exec.LookPath("pnpm")
-	return detectFromResolved(resolved, npmErr == nil, pnpmErr == nil)
-}
 
-// detectFromResolved classifies the resolved binary path into an install
-// method and records package-manager availability. Split out from
-// DetectInstallMethod so the classification is unit-testable without touching
-// the filesystem or PATH.
-func detectFromResolved(resolved string, npmOnPath, pnpmOnPath bool) DetectResult {
 	method := InstallManual
 	if strings.Contains(resolved, "node_modules") {
-		if containsPnpmMarker(resolved) {
-			method = InstallPnpm
-		} else {
-			method = InstallNpm
-		}
+		method = InstallNpm
 	}
-	d := DetectResult{Method: method, ResolvedPath: resolved}
-	switch method {
-	case InstallNpm:
-		d.NpmAvailable = npmOnPath
-	case InstallPnpm:
-		d.PnpmAvailable = pnpmOnPath
-	}
-	return d
-}
 
-// containsPnpmMarker reports whether the resolved binary path belongs to a
-// pnpm-managed install. pnpm exposes two layouts: the classic virtual store
-// (a ".pnpm" directory segment) and the global content-addressable store,
-// whose resolved path runs through pnpm's home directory (e.g.
-// "~/Library/pnpm/store/v11/links/...") — a "pnpm" segment immediately
-// followed by "store". Matching only these two shapes (rather than any bare
-// "pnpm" segment) avoids misclassifying an npm install that merely lives under
-// a directory named "pnpm". Windows separators are normalized to "/" so the
-// classification is OS-independent and unit-testable anywhere.
-func containsPnpmMarker(p string) bool {
-	parts := strings.Split(strings.ReplaceAll(p, `\`, "/"), "/")
-	for i, part := range parts {
-		if part == ".pnpm" {
-			return true
-		}
-		if part == "pnpm" && i+1 < len(parts) && parts[i+1] == "store" {
-			return true
+	npmAvailable := false
+	if method == InstallNpm {
+		if _, err := exec.LookPath("npm"); err == nil {
+			npmAvailable = true
 		}
 	}
-	return false
+
+	return DetectResult{
+		Method:       method,
+		ResolvedPath: resolved,
+		NpmAvailable: npmAvailable,
+	}
 }
 
 // RunNpmInstall executes npm install -g @larksuite/cli@<version>.
@@ -245,29 +163,6 @@ func (u *Updater) RunNpmInstall(version string) *NpmResult {
 	return r
 }
 
-// RunPnpmInstall executes pnpm add -g @larksuite/cli@<version>.
-func (u *Updater) RunPnpmInstall(version string) *NpmResult {
-	if u.PnpmInstallOverride != nil {
-		return u.PnpmInstallOverride(version)
-	}
-	r := &NpmResult{}
-	pnpmPath, err := exec.LookPath("pnpm")
-	if err != nil {
-		r.Err = fmt.Errorf("pnpm not found in PATH: %w", err)
-		return r
-	}
-	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), npmInstallTimeout)
-	defer cancel()
-	cmd := exec.CommandContext(ctx, pnpmPath, "add", "-g", NpmPackage+"@"+version)
-	cmd.Stdout = &r.Stdout
-	cmd.Stderr = &r.Stderr
-	r.Err = cmd.Run()
-	if ctx.Err() == context.DeadlineExceeded {
-		r.Err = fmt.Errorf("pnpm install timed out after %s", npmInstallTimeout)
-	}
-	return r
-}
-
 func (u *Updater) ListOfficialSkillsIndex() *NpmResult {
 	if u.SkillsIndexFetchOverride != nil {
 		return u.SkillsIndexFetchOverride()
@@ -277,7 +172,7 @@ func (u *Updater) ListOfficialSkillsIndex() *NpmResult {
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), skillsIndexFetchTimeout)
 	defer cancel()
 
-	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodGet, u.skillsIndexURL(), nil)
+	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodGet, officialSkillsIndexURL, nil)
 	if err != nil {
 		r.Err = err
 		return r
@@ -316,7 +211,7 @@ func (u *Updater) ListOfficialSkillsIndex() *NpmResult {
 }
 
 func (u *Updater) ListOfficialSkills() *NpmResult {
-	r := u.runSkillsListOfficial(u.skillsSource())
+	r := u.runSkillsListOfficial("https://open.feishu.cn")
 	if r.Err != nil {
 		r = u.runSkillsListOfficial("larksuite/cli")
 	}
@@ -332,7 +227,7 @@ func (u *Updater) ListGlobalSkillsJSON() *NpmResult {
 }
 
 func (u *Updater) InstallSkill(nameList []string) *NpmResult {
-	r := u.runSkillsInstall(u.skillsSource(), nameList)
+	r := u.runSkillsInstall("https://open.feishu.cn", nameList)
 	if r.Err != nil {
 		r = u.runSkillsInstall("larksuite/cli", nameList)
 	}
@@ -340,7 +235,7 @@ func (u *Updater) InstallSkill(nameList []string) *NpmResult {
 }
 
 func (u *Updater) InstallAllSkills() *NpmResult {
-	r := u.runSkillsAdd(u.skillsSource())
+	r := u.runSkillsAdd("https://open.feishu.cn")
 	if r.Err != nil {
 		r = u.runSkillsAdd("larksuite/cli")
 	}
@@ -366,40 +261,19 @@ func (u *Updater) runSkillsInstall(source string, nameList []string) *NpmResult
 	return u.runSkillsCommand(args...)
 }
 
-// skillsInvocation decides how to launch the `skills` CLI. When the lark-cli
-// itself was installed via pnpm and pnpm is available, it uses `pnpm dlx` so
-// pnpm-only environments (pnpm's standalone installer bundles Node without
-// putting npm/npx on PATH) can still sync skills after a self-update.
-// Otherwise it uses `npx`. The npx auto-confirm flag "-y", when present as the
-// leading arg, maps to `pnpm dlx`'s default non-interactive behavior and is
-// dropped for the pnpm launcher. Kept pure (no exec/PATH access) so the
-// launcher selection is unit-testable on any platform.
-func skillsInvocation(method InstallMethod, pnpmAvailable bool, args []string) (launcher string, rest []string) {
-	if method == InstallPnpm && pnpmAvailable {
-		r := args
-		if len(r) > 0 && r[0] == "-y" {
-			r = r[1:]
-		}
-		return "pnpm", append([]string{"dlx"}, r...)
-	}
-	return "npx", args
-}
-
 func (u *Updater) runSkillsCommand(args ...string) *NpmResult {
 	if u.SkillsCommandOverride != nil {
 		return u.SkillsCommandOverride(args...)
 	}
 	r := &NpmResult{}
-	det := u.DetectInstallMethod()
-	launcher, cmdArgs := skillsInvocation(det.Method, det.PnpmAvailable, args)
-	binPath, err := exec.LookPath(launcher)
+	npxPath, err := exec.LookPath("npx")
 	if err != nil {
-		r.Err = fmt.Errorf("%s not found in PATH: %w", launcher, err)
+		r.Err = fmt.Errorf("npx not found in PATH: %w", err)
 		return r
 	}
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), skillsUpdateTimeout)
 	defer cancel()
-	cmd := exec.CommandContext(ctx, binPath, cmdArgs...)
+	cmd := exec.CommandContext(ctx, npxPath, args...)
 	cmd.Stdout = &r.Stdout
 	cmd.Stderr = &r.Stderr
 	r.Err = cmd.Run()

internal/selfupdate/updater_test.go

@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/vfs"
 )
 
@@ -372,167 +371,3 @@ func TestListOfficialSkillsFallsBack(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("fallback call = %q, want larksuite/cli --list", called[1])
 	}
 }
-
-func TestContainsPnpmMarker(t *testing.T) {
-	cases := []struct {
-		path string
-		want bool
-	}{
-		// Classic virtual-store layout (.pnpm segment).
-		{"/Users/x/Library/pnpm/global/5/node_modules/.pnpm/@larksuite+cli@1.0.44/node_modules/@larksuite/cli/bin/lark-cli", true},
-		{`C:\Users\x\AppData\Local\pnpm\global\5\node_modules\.pnpm\@larksuite+cli@1.0.44\node_modules\@larksuite\cli\bin\lark-cli.exe`, true},
-		// Global content-addressable store layout (pnpm 11): resolved path runs
-		// through the pnpm home store, a "pnpm" segment with no ".pnpm".
-		{"/Users/x/Library/pnpm/store/v11/links/@larksuite/cli/1.0.59/abc123/node_modules/@larksuite/cli/bin/lark-cli", true},
-		{"/home/x/.local/share/pnpm/store/v10/@larksuite/cli/node_modules/@larksuite/cli/bin/lark-cli", true},
-		{`C:\Users\x\AppData\Local\pnpm\store\v11\links\@larksuite\cli\node_modules\@larksuite\cli\bin\lark-cli.exe`, true},
-		// npm and non-package installs — no pnpm/.pnpm segment.
-		{"/usr/local/lib/node_modules/@larksuite/cli/bin/lark-cli", false},
-		{"/usr/local/bin/lark-cli", false},
-		// Substrings that must NOT match: segment must be exactly .pnpm, or
-		// "pnpm" immediately followed by "store".
-		{"/opt/homebrew/.pnpmfoo/node_modules/@larksuite/cli/bin/lark-cli", false},
-		{"/opt/pnpmfoo/node_modules/@larksuite/cli/bin/lark-cli", false},
-		// A bare "pnpm" directory NOT followed by "store" (e.g. an npm install
-		// living under a dir named pnpm) must not be misclassified as pnpm.
-		{"/opt/pnpm/lib/node_modules/@larksuite/cli/bin/lark-cli", false},
-	}
-	for _, c := range cases {
-		if got := containsPnpmMarker(c.path); got != c.want {
-			t.Errorf("containsPnpmMarker(%q) = %v, want %v", c.path, got, c.want)
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-func TestDetectInstallMethod_Pnpm(t *testing.T) {
-	u := &Updater{DetectOverride: nil}
-	u.DetectOverride = func() DetectResult {
-		// Exercise the real classification by feeding a resolved path via a small shim.
-		return detectFromResolved("/x/node_modules/.pnpm/@larksuite+cli@1.0.44/node_modules/@larksuite/cli/bin/lark-cli", true, true)
-	}
-	got := u.DetectInstallMethod()
-	if got.Method != InstallPnpm {
-		t.Errorf("Method = %v, want InstallPnpm", got.Method)
-	}
-	if !got.PnpmAvailable {
-		t.Errorf("PnpmAvailable = false, want true")
-	}
-}
-
-func TestDetectInstallMethod_NpmVsManual(t *testing.T) {
-	if m := detectFromResolved("/usr/local/lib/node_modules/@larksuite/cli/bin/lark-cli", true, false).Method; m != InstallNpm {
-		t.Errorf("npm path Method = %v, want InstallNpm", m)
-	}
-	if m := detectFromResolved("/usr/local/bin/lark-cli", false, false).Method; m != InstallManual {
-		t.Errorf("manual path Method = %v, want InstallManual", m)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestCanAutoUpdate_Pnpm(t *testing.T) {
-	if !(DetectResult{Method: InstallPnpm, PnpmAvailable: true}).CanAutoUpdate() {
-		t.Error("pnpm available should CanAutoUpdate")
-	}
-	if (DetectResult{Method: InstallPnpm, PnpmAvailable: false}).CanAutoUpdate() {
-		t.Error("pnpm unavailable should not CanAutoUpdate")
-	}
-}
-
-func TestManualReason_Pnpm(t *testing.T) {
-	if got := (DetectResult{Method: InstallPnpm, NpmAvailable: false, PnpmAvailable: false}).ManualReason(); got != "installed via pnpm, but pnpm is not available in PATH" {
-		t.Errorf("pnpm reason = %q", got)
-	}
-	if got := (DetectResult{Method: InstallManual}).ManualReason(); got != "not installed via npm or pnpm" {
-		t.Errorf("manual reason = %q", got)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestRunPnpmInstall_Override(t *testing.T) {
-	u := &Updater{PnpmInstallOverride: func(version string) *NpmResult {
-		r := &NpmResult{}
-		r.Stdout.WriteString("added @larksuite/cli@" + version)
-		return r
-	}}
-	got := u.RunPnpmInstall("2.0.0")
-	if got.Err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("unexpected err: %v", got.Err)
-	}
-	if !strings.Contains(got.CombinedOutput(), "2.0.0") {
-		t.Errorf("output = %q, want version echoed", got.CombinedOutput())
-	}
-}
-
-func TestRunPnpmInstall_Error(t *testing.T) {
-	wantErr := errors.New("boom")
-	u := &Updater{PnpmInstallOverride: func(string) *NpmResult { return &NpmResult{Err: wantErr} }}
-	if got := u.RunPnpmInstall("2.0.0"); !errors.Is(got.Err, wantErr) {
-		t.Errorf("err = %v, want %v", got.Err, wantErr)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestSkillsInvocation(t *testing.T) {
-	addArgs := []string{"-y", "skills", "add", "https://open.feishu.cn", "-g", "-y"}
-	cases := []struct {
-		name          string
-		method        InstallMethod
-		pnpmAvailable bool
-		args          []string
-		wantLauncher  string
-		wantRest      []string
-	}{
-		{"pnpm install + pnpm available → pnpm dlx, drop leading -y", InstallPnpm, true, addArgs,
-			"pnpm", []string{"dlx", "skills", "add", "https://open.feishu.cn", "-g", "-y"}},
-		{"pnpm install but pnpm unavailable → npx unchanged", InstallPnpm, false, addArgs,
-			"npx", addArgs},
-		{"npm install → npx unchanged", InstallNpm, false, addArgs,
-			"npx", addArgs},
-		{"manual install → npx unchanged", InstallManual, false, []string{"-y", "skills", "ls", "-g"},
-			"npx", []string{"-y", "skills", "ls", "-g"}},
-		{"pnpm without a leading -y → prepend dlx only", InstallPnpm, true, []string{"skills", "ls", "-g"},
-			"pnpm", []string{"dlx", "skills", "ls", "-g"}},
-	}
-	for _, c := range cases {
-		t.Run(c.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			gotLauncher, gotRest := skillsInvocation(c.method, c.pnpmAvailable, c.args)
-			if gotLauncher != c.wantLauncher {
-				t.Errorf("launcher = %q, want %q", gotLauncher, c.wantLauncher)
-			}
-			if strings.Join(gotRest, " ") != strings.Join(c.wantRest, " ") {
-				t.Errorf("rest = %v, want %v", gotRest, c.wantRest)
-			}
-		})
-	}
-}
-
-// TestDetectInstallMethod_Caches locks the fix for the post-update re-detection
-// hazard: DetectInstallMethod must return the first (pre-update) detection on
-// subsequent calls, so the skills launcher chosen after the binary is replaced
-// stays consistent with what was detected — and reported — before the update.
-func TestDetectInstallMethod_Caches(t *testing.T) {
-	u := New()
-	cached := DetectResult{Method: InstallPnpm, PnpmAvailable: true, ResolvedPath: "/x/pnpm/store/v11/links/@larksuite/cli/1.0.0/node_modules/@larksuite/cli/bin/lark-cli"}
-	u.detectCache = &cached
-	got := u.DetectInstallMethod()
-	if got.Method != InstallPnpm || !got.PnpmAvailable {
-		t.Errorf("expected cached pnpm result to be returned, got %+v", got)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestSkillsBrandHosts(t *testing.T) {
-	cases := []struct {
-		brand      core.LarkBrand
-		wantIndex  string
-		wantSource string
-	}{
-		{core.BrandFeishu, "https://open.feishu.cn/.well-known/skills/index.json", "https://open.feishu.cn"},
-		{core.BrandLark, "https://open.larksuite.com/.well-known/skills/index.json", "https://open.larksuite.com"},
-	}
-	for _, c := range cases {
-		u := &Updater{Brand: c.brand}
-		if got := u.skillsIndexURL(); got != c.wantIndex {
-			t.Errorf("brand %q: skillsIndexURL = %q, want %q", c.brand, got, c.wantIndex)
-		}
-		if got := u.skillsSource(); got != c.wantSource {
-			t.Errorf("brand %q: skillsSource = %q, want %q", c.brand, got, c.wantSource)
-		}
-	}
-}