docs: add v2 api version to docs fetch examples (#891)

Change-Id: I130e6e02c0b7594a05bdda6c9bf552fb15572791

.codecov.yml

@@ -6,3 +6,6 @@ coverage:
     patch:
       default:
         target: 60%
+
+github_checks:
+  annotations: true

.github/workflows/arch-audit.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+name: Architecture Audit
+
+on:
+  schedule:
+    - cron: '0 9 * * 1' # Monday 09:00 UTC
+  workflow_dispatch:
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+jobs:
+  audit:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@93cb6efe18208431cddfb8368fd83d5badbf9bfd # v5
+      - uses: actions/setup-go@4a3601121dd01d1626a1e23e37211e3254c1c06c # v6
+        with:
+          go-version-file: go.mod
+      - uses: actions/setup-python@a309ff8b426b58ec0e2a45f0f869d46889d02405 # v6
+        with:
+          python-version: '3.x'
+      - name: Fetch meta data
+        run: python3 scripts/fetch_meta.py
+
+      - name: Dead code detection
+        run: |
+          echo "## Dead Code" >> report.md
+          go run golang.org/x/tools/cmd/deadcode@v0.31.0 -test ./... 2>&1 | tee deadcode.txt
+          count=$(wc -l < deadcode.txt | tr -d ' ')
+          echo "Found **$count** unreachable functions" >> report.md
+          echo '```' >> report.md
+          cat deadcode.txt >> report.md
+          echo '```' >> report.md
+
+      - name: Package complexity
+        run: |
+          echo "## Package Complexity" >> report.md
+          echo "" >> report.md
+          echo "Packages exceeding 2 000 lines or 20 files:" >> report.md
+          echo "" >> report.md
+          echo "| Package | Files | Lines | Deps |" >> report.md
+          echo "|---------|-------|-------|------|" >> report.md
+          found=0
+          for pkg in $(go list ./cmd/... ./internal/... ./shortcuts/...); do
+            dir=$(go list -f '{{.Dir}}' "$pkg")
+            files=$(find "$dir" -maxdepth 1 -name '*.go' ! -name '*_test.go' | wc -l | tr -d ' ')
+            lines=$(find "$dir" -maxdepth 1 -name '*.go' ! -name '*_test.go' -exec cat {} + 2>/dev/null | wc -l | tr -d ' ')
+            deps=$(go list -f '{{len .Imports}}' "$pkg")
+            if [ "$lines" -gt 2000 ] || [ "$files" -gt 20 ]; then
+              echo "| **$pkg** | **$files** | **$lines** | **$deps** |" >> report.md
+              found=1
+            fi
+          done
+          if [ "$found" = "0" ]; then
+            echo "| _(none)_ | | | |" >> report.md
+          fi
+
+      - name: Dependency freshness
+        run: |
+          echo "## Outdated Dependencies" >> report.md
+          echo '```' >> report.md
+          go list -m -u all 2>/dev/null | grep '\[' >> report.md || echo "All dependencies up to date" >> report.md
+          echo '```' >> report.md
+
+      - name: Circular dependency check
+        run: |
+          echo "## Circular Dependencies" >> report.md
+          go list -f '{{.ImportPath}} {{join .Imports " "}}' ./... | \
+            go run golang.org/x/tools/cmd/digraph@v0.31.0 scc 2>&1 | tee cycles.txt
+          if [ -s cycles.txt ]; then
+            echo '```' >> report.md
+            cat cycles.txt >> report.md
+            echo '```' >> report.md
+          else
+            echo "No circular dependencies detected." >> report.md
+          fi
+
+      - name: E2E coverage gaps
+        run: |
+          echo "## E2E Coverage Gaps" >> report.md
+          echo "" >> report.md
+          echo "Shortcut domains without E2E tests:" >> report.md
+          echo "" >> report.md
+          found=0
+          for domain in $(ls -d shortcuts/*/); do
+            name=$(basename "$domain")
+            if [ "$name" = "common" ]; then continue; fi
+            if [ ! -d "tests/cli_e2e/$name" ]; then
+              echo "- **$name** (no tests/cli_e2e/$name/)" >> report.md
+              found=1
+            fi
+          done
+          if [ "$found" = "0" ]; then
+            echo "All shortcut domains have E2E test directories." >> report.md
+          fi
+
+      - name: Coverage
+        run: |
+          echo "## Coverage" >> report.md
+          packages=$(go list ./... | grep -v 'tests/cli_e2e')
+          go test -coverprofile=coverage.txt -covermode=atomic $packages 2>/dev/null || true
+          total=$(go tool cover -func=coverage.txt 2>/dev/null | grep total | awk '{print $3}')
+          echo "Current total coverage: **${total:-n/a}**" >> report.md
+
+      - name: Publish report
+        run: |
+          echo "# Architecture Audit Report — $(date +%Y-%m-%d)" > $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+          echo "" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+          cat report.md >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+
+      - name: Upload report artifact
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@ea165f8d65b6e75b540449e92b4886f43607fa02 # v4
+        with:
+          name: arch-audit-${{ github.run_number }}
+          path: report.md
+          retention-days: 90

.github/workflows/ci.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,334 @@
+name: CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches: [main]
+  pull_request:
+    branches: [main]
+  workflow_dispatch:
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+  actions: read
+  checks: write
+  pull-requests: write
+
+jobs:
+  # ── Layer 1: Fast Gate ─────────────────────────────────────────────
+  fast-gate:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@93cb6efe18208431cddfb8368fd83d5badbf9bfd # v5
+      - uses: actions/setup-go@4a3601121dd01d1626a1e23e37211e3254c1c06c # v6
+        with:
+          go-version-file: go.mod
+      - uses: actions/setup-python@a309ff8b426b58ec0e2a45f0f869d46889d02405 # v6
+        with:
+          python-version: '3.x'
+      - name: Fetch meta data
+        run: python3 scripts/fetch_meta.py
+      - name: Build
+        run: go build ./...
+      - name: Vet
+        run: go vet ./...
+      - name: Check formatting
+        run: |
+          unformatted=$(gofmt -l .)
+          if [ -n "$unformatted" ]; then
+            echo "$unformatted"
+            echo "::error::Unformatted Go files detected — run 'gofmt -w .' and commit"
+            exit 1
+          fi
+      - name: Check go.mod tidiness
+        run: |
+          go mod tidy
+          if ! git diff --quiet go.mod go.sum; then
+            echo "::error::go.mod or go.sum is not tidy. Run 'go mod tidy' and commit the changes."
+            git diff go.mod go.sum
+            exit 1
+          fi
+
+  # ── Layer 2: Quality Gate ──────────────────────────────────────────
+  unit-test:
+    needs: fast-gate
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@93cb6efe18208431cddfb8368fd83d5badbf9bfd # v5
+      - uses: actions/setup-go@4a3601121dd01d1626a1e23e37211e3254c1c06c # v6
+        with:
+          go-version-file: go.mod
+      - uses: actions/setup-python@a309ff8b426b58ec0e2a45f0f869d46889d02405 # v6
+        with:
+          python-version: '3.x'
+      - name: Fetch meta data
+        run: python3 scripts/fetch_meta.py
+      - name: Run tests
+        run: go test -v -race -count=1 -timeout=5m ./cmd/... ./internal/... ./shortcuts/...
+
+  lint:
+    needs: fast-gate
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@93cb6efe18208431cddfb8368fd83d5badbf9bfd # v5
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 0
+      - uses: actions/setup-go@4a3601121dd01d1626a1e23e37211e3254c1c06c # v6
+        with:
+          go-version-file: go.mod
+      - uses: actions/setup-python@a309ff8b426b58ec0e2a45f0f869d46889d02405 # v6
+        with:
+          python-version: '3.x'
+      - name: Fetch meta data
+        run: python3 scripts/fetch_meta.py
+      - name: Run golangci-lint
+        run: go run github.com/golangci/golangci-lint/v2/cmd/golangci-lint@v2.1.6 run --new-from-rev=origin/main
+
+  coverage:
+    needs: fast-gate
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@93cb6efe18208431cddfb8368fd83d5badbf9bfd # v5
+      - uses: actions/setup-go@4a3601121dd01d1626a1e23e37211e3254c1c06c # v6
+        with:
+          go-version-file: go.mod
+      - uses: actions/setup-python@a309ff8b426b58ec0e2a45f0f869d46889d02405 # v6
+        with:
+          python-version: '3.x'
+      - name: Fetch meta data
+        run: python3 scripts/fetch_meta.py
+      - name: Run tests with coverage
+        run: |
+          packages=$(go list ./... | grep -v '^github.com/larksuite/cli/tests/cli_e2e$' | grep -v '^github.com/larksuite/cli/tests/cli_e2e/')
+          go test -race -coverprofile=coverage.txt -covermode=atomic $packages
+      - name: Upload coverage to Codecov
+        uses: codecov/codecov-action@3f20e214133d0983f9a10f3d63b0faf9241a3daa # v6
+        with:
+          files: coverage.txt
+          token: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_TOKEN }}
+      - name: Check coverage threshold
+        run: |
+          total=$(go tool cover -func=coverage.txt | grep total | awk '{print $3}' | tr -d '%')
+          threshold=40
+          echo "Coverage: ${total}% (threshold: ${threshold}%)"
+          if (( $(echo "$total < $threshold" | bc -l) )); then
+            echo "::error::Coverage ${total}% is below threshold ${threshold}%"
+            exit 1
+          fi
+      - name: Coverage summary
+        if: ${{ !cancelled() }}
+        run: |
+          if [ ! -f coverage.txt ]; then
+            echo "No coverage data available" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+            exit 0
+          fi
+          total=$(go tool cover -func=coverage.txt | grep total | awk '{print $3}')
+          echo "## Coverage Report" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+          echo "" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+          echo "**Total coverage: ${total}**" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+          echo "" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+          echo "<details><summary>Details</summary>" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+          echo "" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+          echo '```' >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+          go tool cover -func=coverage.txt >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+          echo '```' >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+          echo "</details>" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+
+  deadcode:
+    needs: fast-gate
+    if: ${{ github.event_name == 'pull_request' }}
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@93cb6efe18208431cddfb8368fd83d5badbf9bfd # v5
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 0
+      - uses: actions/setup-go@4a3601121dd01d1626a1e23e37211e3254c1c06c # v6
+        with:
+          go-version-file: go.mod
+      - uses: actions/setup-python@a309ff8b426b58ec0e2a45f0f869d46889d02405 # v6
+        with:
+          python-version: '3.x'
+      - name: Fetch meta data
+        run: python3 scripts/fetch_meta.py
+      - name: Dead code check (incremental)
+        run: |
+          # Analyze current HEAD (strip line:col for stable diff across line shifts)
+          # Filter "go: downloading ..." lines to avoid false diffs from module cache state
+          go run golang.org/x/tools/cmd/deadcode@v0.31.0 -test ./... 2>&1 | \
+            grep -v '^go: ' | \
+            sed 's/:[0-9][0-9]*:[0-9][0-9]*:/:/' | sort > /tmp/dc-head.txt
+
+          # Analyze base branch via worktree
+          git worktree add -q /tmp/dc-base "origin/${{ github.base_ref }}"
+          (cd /tmp/dc-base && python3 scripts/fetch_meta.py && \
+           go run golang.org/x/tools/cmd/deadcode@v0.31.0 -test ./... 2>&1 | \
+            grep -v '^go: ' | \
+            sed 's/:[0-9][0-9]*:[0-9][0-9]*:/:/' | sort > /tmp/dc-base.txt) || {
+            echo "::warning::Failed to analyze base branch — skipping incremental dead code check"
+            git worktree remove -f /tmp/dc-base 2>/dev/null || true
+            exit 0
+          }
+          git worktree remove -f /tmp/dc-base
+
+          # Only new dead code blocks the PR
+          comm -23 /tmp/dc-head.txt /tmp/dc-base.txt > /tmp/dc-new.txt
+          if [ -s /tmp/dc-new.txt ]; then
+            echo "::group::New dead code"
+            cat /tmp/dc-new.txt
+            echo "::endgroup::"
+            echo "::error::New dead code detected — remove unreachable functions before merging"
+            exit 1
+          fi
+          echo "No new dead code introduced"
+
+  # ── Layer 3: E2E Gate ──────────────────────────────────────────────
+  e2e-dry-run:
+    needs: [unit-test, lint]
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@93cb6efe18208431cddfb8368fd83d5badbf9bfd # v5
+      - uses: actions/setup-go@4a3601121dd01d1626a1e23e37211e3254c1c06c # v6
+        with:
+          go-version-file: go.mod
+      - uses: actions/setup-python@a309ff8b426b58ec0e2a45f0f869d46889d02405 # v6
+        with:
+          python-version: '3.x'
+      - name: Build lark-cli
+        run: make build
+      - name: Run dry-run E2E tests
+        env:
+          LARK_CLI_BIN: ${{ github.workspace }}/lark-cli
+          LARKSUITE_CLI_APP_ID: dry-run
+          LARKSUITE_CLI_APP_SECRET: dry-run
+          LARKSUITE_CLI_BRAND: feishu
+        run: go test -v -count=1 -timeout=5m ./tests/cli_e2e/... -run 'DryRun|Regression'
+
+  e2e-live:
+    needs: [unit-test, lint]
+    if: ${{ github.event_name != 'pull_request' || !github.event.pull_request.head.repo.fork }}
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    env:
+      TEST_BOT1_APP_ID: ${{ secrets.TEST_BOT1_APP_ID }}
+      TEST_BOT1_APP_SECRET: ${{ secrets.TEST_BOT1_APP_SECRET }}
+      TEST_USER_ACCESS_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.TEST_USER_ACCESS_TOKEN }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@93cb6efe18208431cddfb8368fd83d5badbf9bfd # v5
+      - uses: actions/setup-go@4a3601121dd01d1626a1e23e37211e3254c1c06c # v6
+        with:
+          go-version-file: go.mod
+      - uses: actions/setup-python@a309ff8b426b58ec0e2a45f0f869d46889d02405 # v6
+        with:
+          python-version: '3.x'
+      - name: Build lark-cli
+        run: make build
+      - name: Configure bot credentials
+        run: |
+          if [ -z "$TEST_BOT1_APP_ID" ] || [ -z "$TEST_BOT1_APP_SECRET" ]; then
+            echo "::error::Missing required secrets: TEST_BOT1_APP_ID / TEST_BOT1_APP_SECRET"
+            exit 1
+          fi
+          printf '%s\n' "$TEST_BOT1_APP_SECRET" | ./lark-cli config init --app-id "$TEST_BOT1_APP_ID" --app-secret-stdin
+      - name: Run CLI E2E tests
+        env:
+          LARK_CLI_BIN: ${{ github.workspace }}/lark-cli
+        run: |
+          packages=$(go list ./tests/cli_e2e/... | grep -v '^github.com/larksuite/cli/tests/cli_e2e$' | grep -v '/demo$')
+          if [ -z "$packages" ]; then
+            echo "No CLI E2E packages to test after exclusions."
+            exit 1
+          fi
+          packages_arg=$(printf '%s\n' "$packages" | paste -sd' ' -)
+          go run gotest.tools/gotestsum@v1.12.3 --rerun-fails=2 --rerun-fails-max-failures=20 --packages="$packages_arg" --format testname --junitfile cli-e2e-report.xml -- -count=1 -v
+      - name: Publish CLI E2E test report
+        if: ${{ !cancelled() }}
+        uses: dorny/test-reporter@a43b3a5f7366b97d083190328d2c652e1a8b6aa2 # v3.0.0
+        with:
+          name: CLI E2E Tests
+          path: cli-e2e-report.xml
+          reporter: java-junit
+          use-actions-summary: true
+          list-suites: all
+          list-tests: all
+
+  # ── Layer 4: Security & Compliance (parallel with L2-L3) ──────────
+  security:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@93cb6efe18208431cddfb8368fd83d5badbf9bfd # v5
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 0
+      - uses: actions/setup-go@4a3601121dd01d1626a1e23e37211e3254c1c06c # v6
+        with:
+          go-version-file: go.mod
+      - uses: actions/setup-python@a309ff8b426b58ec0e2a45f0f869d46889d02405 # v6
+        with:
+          python-version: '3.x'
+      - name: Fetch meta data
+        run: python3 scripts/fetch_meta.py
+      - name: Gitleaks
+        if: ${{ github.event_name != 'pull_request' || !github.event.pull_request.head.repo.fork }}
+        uses: gitleaks/gitleaks-action@ff98106e4c7b2bc287b24eaf42907196329070c7 # v2.3.9
+        env:
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          GITLEAKS_LICENSE: ${{ secrets.GITLEAKS_KEY }}
+      - name: govulncheck
+        continue-on-error: true
+        run: go run golang.org/x/vuln/cmd/govulncheck@v1.1.4 ./...
+      - name: Check dependency licenses
+        run: go run github.com/google/go-licenses/v2@v2.0.1 check ./... --disallowed_types=forbidden,restricted,reciprocal,unknown
+
+  license-header:
+    if: ${{ github.event_name == 'pull_request' }}
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@93cb6efe18208431cddfb8368fd83d5badbf9bfd # v5
+      - name: Check license headers
+        uses: apache/skywalking-eyes/header@8c96ee223558797cdd9eba82c0919258e1cf2dad
+        with:
+          config: .licenserc.yaml
+
+  # ── Results Gate (single required check for branch protection) ─────
+  results:
+    if: ${{ always() }}
+    needs: [fast-gate, unit-test, lint, coverage, deadcode, e2e-dry-run, e2e-live, security, license-header]
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - name: Evaluate results
+        run: |
+          echo "## CI Results" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+          echo "" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+          echo "| Layer | Job | Status |" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+          echo "|-------|-----|--------|" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+          echo "| L1 | fast-gate | ${{ needs.fast-gate.result }} |" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+          echo "| L2 | unit-test | ${{ needs.unit-test.result }} |" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+          echo "| L2 | lint | ${{ needs.lint.result }} |" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+          echo "| L2 | coverage | ${{ needs.coverage.result }} |" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+          echo "| L2 | deadcode | ${{ needs.deadcode.result }} |" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+          echo "| L3 | e2e-dry-run | ${{ needs.e2e-dry-run.result }} |" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+          echo "| L3 | e2e-live | ${{ needs.e2e-live.result }} |" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+          echo "| L4 | security | ${{ needs.security.result }} |" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+          echo "| L4 | license-header | ${{ needs.license-header.result }} |" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+
+          # Any failure or cancellation in any job blocks the merge.
+          # Legitimately skipped jobs (deadcode on push, e2e-live on fork,
+          # license-header on push) are OK.
+          FAILED=0
+          for result in \
+            "${{ needs.fast-gate.result }}" \
+            "${{ needs.unit-test.result }}" \
+            "${{ needs.lint.result }}" \
+            "${{ needs.coverage.result }}" \
+            "${{ needs.deadcode.result }}" \
+            "${{ needs.e2e-dry-run.result }}" \
+            "${{ needs.e2e-live.result }}" \
+            "${{ needs.security.result }}" \
+            "${{ needs.license-header.result }}"; do
+            if [ "$result" = "failure" ] || [ "$result" = "cancelled" ]; then
+              FAILED=1
+            fi
+          done
+
+          if [ "$FAILED" = "1" ]; then
+            echo ""
+            echo "::error::One or more CI jobs failed — see table above"
+            exit 1
+          fi

.github/workflows/cli-e2e.yml

@@ -1,83 +0,0 @@
-name: CLI E2E Tests
-
-on:
-  push:
-    branches: [main]
-    paths:
-      - "**.go"
-      - go.mod
-      - go.sum
-      - Makefile
-      - scripts/fetch_meta.py
-      - tests/cli_e2e/**
-      - .github/workflows/cli-e2e.yml
-  pull_request:
-    branches: [main]
-    paths:
-      - "**.go"
-      - go.mod
-      - go.sum
-      - Makefile
-      - scripts/fetch_meta.py
-      - tests/cli_e2e/**
-      - .github/workflows/cli-e2e.yml
-  workflow_dispatch:
-
-permissions:
-  contents: read
-  actions: read
-  checks: write
-
-jobs:
-  cli-e2e:
-    # Forked pull_request runs do not receive repository/org secrets except GITHUB_TOKEN.
-    if: ${{ github.event_name != 'pull_request' || !github.event.pull_request.head.repo.fork }}
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    env:
-      TEST_BOT1_APP_ID: ${{ secrets.TEST_BOT1_APP_ID }}
-      TEST_BOT1_APP_SECRET: ${{ secrets.TEST_BOT1_APP_SECRET }}
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@93cb6efe18208431cddfb8368fd83d5badbf9bfd # v5
-
-      - uses: actions/setup-go@4a3601121dd01d1626a1e23e37211e3254c1c06c # v6
-        with:
-          go-version-file: go.mod
-
-      - uses: actions/setup-python@a309ff8b426b58ec0e2a45f0f869d46889d02405 # v6
-        with:
-          python-version: '3.x'
-
-      - name: Build lark-cli
-        run: make build
-
-      - name: Configure bot credentials
-        run: |
-          if [ -z "$TEST_BOT1_APP_ID" ] || [ -z "$TEST_BOT1_APP_SECRET" ]; then
-            echo "::error::Missing required secrets: TEST_BOT1_APP_ID / TEST_BOT1_APP_SECRET"
-            exit 1
-          fi
-          printf '%s\n' "$TEST_BOT1_APP_SECRET" | ./lark-cli config init --app-id "$TEST_BOT1_APP_ID" --app-secret-stdin
-
-      - name: Run CLI E2E tests
-        env:
-          LARK_CLI_BIN: ${{ github.workspace }}/lark-cli
-        run: |
-          packages=$(go list ./tests/cli_e2e/... | grep -v '^github.com/larksuite/cli/tests/cli_e2e$' | grep -v '/demo$')
-          if [ -z "$packages" ]; then
-            echo "No CLI E2E packages to test after exclusions."
-            exit 1
-          fi
-          # gotestsum requires --packages when --rerun-fails is combined with go test args after --.
-          packages_arg=$(printf '%s\n' "$packages" | paste -sd' ' -)
-          go run gotest.tools/gotestsum@v1.12.3 --rerun-fails=2 --rerun-fails-max-failures=20 --packages="$packages_arg" --format testname --junitfile cli-e2e-report.xml -- -count=1 -v
-
-      - name: Publish CLI E2E test report
-        if: ${{ !cancelled() }}
-        uses: dorny/test-reporter@a43b3a5f7366b97d083190328d2c652e1a8b6aa2 # v3.0.0
-        with:
-          name: CLI E2E Tests
-          path: cli-e2e-report.xml
-          reporter: java-junit
-          use-actions-summary: true
-          list-suites: all
-          list-tests: all

.github/workflows/coverage.yml

@@ -1,58 +0,0 @@
-name: Coverage
-
-on:
-  push:
-    branches: [main]
-    paths:
-      - "**.go"
-      - "!tests/cli_e2e/**"
-      - go.mod
-      - go.sum
-      - .github/workflows/coverage.yml
-  pull_request:
-    branches: [main]
-    paths:
-      - "**.go"
-      - "!tests/cli_e2e/**"
-      - go.mod
-      - go.sum
-      - .github/workflows/coverage.yml
-
-permissions:
-  contents: read
-
-jobs:
-  coverage:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@34e114876b0b11c390a56381ad16ebd13914f8d5 # v4
-
-      - uses: actions/setup-go@40f1582b2485089dde7abd97c1529aa768e1baff # v5
-        with:
-          go-version-file: go.mod
-
-      - uses: actions/setup-python@a26af69be951a213d495a4c3e4e4022e16d87065 # v5
-        with:
-          python-version: '3.x'
-
-      - name: Fetch meta data
-        run: python3 scripts/fetch_meta.py
-
-      - name: Run tests with coverage
-        run: |
-          packages=$(go list ./... | grep -v '^github.com/larksuite/cli/tests/cli_e2e$' | grep -v '^github.com/larksuite/cli/tests/cli_e2e/')
-          go test -race -coverprofile=coverage.txt -covermode=atomic $packages
-
-      - name: Generate coverage report
-        run: |
-          total=$(go tool cover -func=coverage.txt | grep total | awk '{print $3}')
-          echo "## Coverage Report" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
-          echo "" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
-          echo "**Total coverage: ${total}**" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
-          echo "" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
-          echo "<details><summary>Details</summary>" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
-          echo "" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
-          echo '```' >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
-          go tool cover -func=coverage.txt >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
-          echo '```' >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
-          echo "</details>" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY

.github/workflows/gitleaks.yml

@@ -1,28 +0,0 @@
-name: Gitleaks
-
-on:
-  pull_request:
-    branches: [main]
-  push:
-    branches: [main]
-  workflow_dispatch:
-
-permissions:
-  contents: read
-
-jobs:
-  gitleaks:
-    # Forked pull_request runs do not receive repository/org secrets except GITHUB_TOKEN.
-    if: ${{ github.event_name != 'pull_request' || !github.event.pull_request.head.repo.fork }}
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@93cb6efe18208431cddfb8368fd83d5badbf9bfd # v5
-        with:
-          fetch-depth: 0
-
-      - uses: gitleaks/gitleaks-action@ff98106e4c7b2bc287b24eaf42907196329070c7 # v2.3.9
-        env:
-          # GITHUB_TOKEN is provided automatically by GitHub Actions.
-          # GITLEAKS_KEY must be configured as a repository secret.
-          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-          GITLEAKS_LICENSE: ${{ secrets.GITLEAKS_KEY }}

.github/workflows/license-header.yml

@@ -1,26 +0,0 @@
-name: License Header
-
-on:
-  pull_request:
-    branches: [main]
-    paths:
-      - "**/*.go"
-      - "**/*.js"
-      - "**/*.py"
-      - .licenserc.yaml
-      - .github/workflows/license-header.yml
-
-permissions:
-  contents: read
-  pull-requests: write
-
-jobs:
-  header-check:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@93cb6efe18208431cddfb8368fd83d5badbf9bfd # v5.0.1
-
-      - name: Check license headers
-        uses: apache/skywalking-eyes/header@8c96ee223558797cdd9eba82c0919258e1cf2dad
-        with:
-          config: .licenserc.yaml

.github/workflows/lint.yml

@@ -1,60 +0,0 @@
-name: Lint
-
-on:
-  push:
-    branches: [main]
-    paths:
-      - "**.go"
-      - go.mod
-      - go.sum
-      - .golangci.yml
-      - .github/workflows/lint.yml
-  pull_request:
-    branches: [main]
-    paths:
-      - "**.go"
-      - go.mod
-      - go.sum
-      - .golangci.yml
-      - .github/workflows/lint.yml
-
-permissions:
-  contents: read
-
-jobs:
-  golangci-lint:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@34e114876b0b11c390a56381ad16ebd13914f8d5 # v4
-        with:
-          fetch-depth: 0
-
-      - uses: actions/setup-go@40f1582b2485089dde7abd97c1529aa768e1baff # v5
-        with:
-          go-version-file: go.mod
-
-      - uses: actions/setup-python@a26af69be951a213d495a4c3e4e4022e16d87065 # v5
-        with:
-          python-version: '3.x'
-
-      - name: Fetch meta_data.json
-        run: python3 scripts/fetch_meta.py
-
-      - name: Ensure go.mod and go.sum are tidy
-        run: |
-          go mod tidy
-          if ! git diff --quiet go.mod go.sum; then
-            echo "::error::go.mod or go.sum is not tidy. Run 'go mod tidy' and commit the changes."
-            git diff go.mod go.sum
-            exit 1
-          fi
-
-      - name: Run golangci-lint
-        run: go run github.com/golangci/golangci-lint/v2/cmd/golangci-lint@v2.1.6 run --new-from-rev=origin/main
-
-      - name: Run govulncheck
-        continue-on-error: true # informational until Go version is upgraded
-        run: go run golang.org/x/vuln/cmd/govulncheck@v1.1.4 ./...
-
-      - name: Check dependency licenses
-        run: go run github.com/google/go-licenses/v2@v2.0.1 check ./... --disallowed_types=forbidden,restricted,reciprocal,unknown

.github/workflows/release.yml

@@ -45,6 +45,15 @@ jobs:
           node-version: '20'
           registry-url: 'https://registry.npmjs.org'
 
+      - name: Download checksums from release
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          TAG="${GITHUB_REF_NAME}"
+          gh release download "${TAG}" --pattern checksums.txt --dir .
+          test -s checksums.txt || { echo "checksums.txt missing or empty for ${TAG}"; exit 1; }
+
       - name: Publish to npm
         env:
           NODE_AUTH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.NPM_TOKEN }}

.github/workflows/tests.yml

@@ -1,43 +0,0 @@
-name: Tests
-
-on:
-  push:
-    branches: [main]
-    paths:
-      - "**.go"
-      - go.mod
-      - go.sum
-      - .github/workflows/tests.yml
-  pull_request:
-    branches: [main]
-    paths:
-      - "**.go"
-      - go.mod
-      - go.sum
-      - .github/workflows/tests.yml
-
-permissions:
-  contents: read
-
-jobs:
-  unit-test:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@34e114876b0b11c390a56381ad16ebd13914f8d5 # v4
-
-      - uses: actions/setup-go@40f1582b2485089dde7abd97c1529aa768e1baff # v5
-        with:
-          go-version-file: go.mod
-
-      - uses: actions/setup-python@a26af69be951a213d495a4c3e4e4022e16d87065 # v5
-        with:
-          python-version: '3.x'
-
-      - name: Fetch meta data
-        run: python3 scripts/fetch_meta.py
-
-      - name: Run tests
-        run: go test -v -race -count=1 -timeout=5m ./cmd/... ./internal/... ./shortcuts/...
-
-      - name: Build
-        run: go build -v ./...

.gitignore

@@ -33,6 +33,9 @@ tests/mail/reports/
 
 
 # Generated / test artifacts
+.hammer/
 internal/registry/meta_data.json
 cmd/api/download.bin
 app.log
+/sidecar-server-demo
+/server-demo

.golangci.yml

@@ -54,6 +54,12 @@ linters:
       - path: internal/vfs/
         linters:
           - forbidigo
+      # The shortcuts-no-raw-http forbidigo rule below is shortcuts-only;
+      # internal/ legitimately wraps raw HTTP for the client / credential layer.
+      - path-except: shortcuts/
+        text: shortcuts-no-raw-http
+        linters:
+          - forbidigo
 
   settings:
     depguard:
@@ -72,6 +78,16 @@ linters:
                 Use runtime.FileIO() for file operations or runtime.ValidatePath() for path validation.
     forbidigo:
       forbid:
+        # ── http: shortcuts must not construct raw HTTP requests ──
+        # Bans request / client construction; constants (http.MethodPost,
+        # http.StatusOK) and pure helpers (http.StatusText, http.Header) are
+        # intentionally allowed since they don't bypass the runtime layer.
+        - pattern: http\.(Client|NewRequest|NewRequestWithContext|Get|Post|PostForm|Head|DefaultClient|DefaultTransport|RoundTripper|Do|Serve|ListenAndServe)\b
+          msg: >-
+            [shortcuts-no-raw-http] use RuntimeContext.DoAPI/CallAPI/DoAPIJSON
+            instead of constructing raw HTTP. The runtime handles auth, headers,
+            and error normalization. (Constants and helpers like http.MethodPost,
+            http.StatusOK, http.StatusText remain allowed.)
         # ── os: already wrapped in internal/vfs ──
         - pattern: os\.(Stat|Lstat|Open|OpenFile|Rename|ReadFile|WriteFile|Getwd|UserHomeDir|ReadDir)\b
           msg: "use the corresponding vfs.Xxx() from internal/vfs"
@@ -100,6 +116,16 @@ linters:
           msg: >-
             Do not use os.Exit in shortcuts/. Return an error instead and let
             the caller (cmd layer) decide how to terminate.
+        # ── output: shortcuts must use ctx.Out() ──
+        - pattern: fmt\.Print(f|ln)?\b
+          msg: >-
+            use ctx.Out() or ctx.OutFormat() for structured JSON output.
+            fmt.Print* bypasses the output envelope and breaks --jq/--format.
+        # ── logging: shortcuts must return errors, not log.Fatal ──
+        - pattern: log\.(Print|Fatal|Panic)(f|ln)?\b
+          msg: >-
+            use structured error return, not log.Fatal/Panic.
+            Shortcuts must return errors to the framework for proper exit code handling.
         # ── filepath: functions that access the filesystem ──
         - pattern: filepath\.(EvalSymlinks|Walk|WalkDir|Glob|Abs)\b
           msg: >-

AGENTS.md

@@ -15,12 +15,30 @@ make unit-test      # Required before PR (runs with -race)
 make test           # Full: vet + unit + integration
 ```
 
+## Notification Opt-Outs
+
+`lark-cli` emits two notice types into JSON envelope `_notice` to nudge AI agents toward fixes:
+
+- `_notice.update` — a newer binary is available on npm
+- `_notice.skills` — locally installed skills are out of sync with the running binary
+
+To suppress them in non-CI scripts (CI envs are auto-skipped):
+
+| Env var | Effect |
+|---------|--------|
+| `LARKSUITE_CLI_NO_UPDATE_NOTIFIER=1` | Suppress `_notice.update` |
+| `LARKSUITE_CLI_NO_SKILLS_NOTIFIER=1` | Suppress `_notice.skills` |
+
+Both notices recommend the same fix command: `lark-cli update`. The skills notice's `current` field is `""` when skills have never been synced (cold start) and a version string when synced for an older binary (drift).
+
 ## Pre-PR Checks (match CI gates)
 
 1. `make unit-test`
-2. `go mod tidy` — must not change `go.mod`/`go.sum`
-3. `go run github.com/golangci/golangci-lint/v2/cmd/golangci-lint@v2.1.6 run --new-from-rev=origin/main`
-4. If dependencies changed: `go run github.com/google/go-licenses/v2@v2.0.1 check ./... --disallowed_types=forbidden,restricted,reciprocal,unknown`
+2. `go vet ./...`
+3. `gofmt -l .` — must produce no output
+4. `go mod tidy` — must not change `go.mod`/`go.sum`
+5. `go run github.com/golangci/golangci-lint/v2/cmd/golangci-lint@v2.1.6 run --new-from-rev=origin/main`
+6. If dependencies changed: `go run github.com/google/go-licenses/v2@v2.0.1 check ./... --disallowed_types=forbidden,restricted,reciprocal,unknown`
 
 ## Commit & PR
 
@@ -76,3 +94,26 @@ CLI arguments are untrusted (they come from AI agents). Call `validate.SafeInput
 - Every behavior change needs a test alongside the change.
 - `cmdutil.TestFactory(t, config)` for test factories.
 - `t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", t.TempDir())` to isolate config state.
+
+### E2E Testing
+
+**Dry-run E2E (required for every shortcut change)**
+- Validates request structure without calling real APIs
+- Place in `tests/cli_e2e/dryrun/` or the corresponding domain directory
+- Set env vars `LARKSUITE_CLI_APP_ID`/`APP_SECRET`/`BRAND`, use `--dry-run`, assert method/URL/params
+- No secrets needed — runs on fork PRs
+- Explore correct params with `lark-cli <domain> --help` and `lark-cli schema` first
+
+**Live E2E (required for new flows or behavior changes)**
+- Validates real API round-trips
+- Place in `tests/cli_e2e/<domain>/`
+- Must be self-contained: create -> use -> cleanup
+- Needs bot credentials (CI secrets, skipped on fork PRs)
+- Reference: `tests/cli_e2e/task/task_status_workflow_test.go`
+
+| Change | Dry-run E2E | Live E2E |
+|--------|:-----------:|:--------:|
+| New shortcut | Required | Required |
+| Modify shortcut flags/params | Required | If behavior changes |
+| Shortcut bug fix | Required | If regression risk |
+| Internal refactor (no shortcut impact) | Not needed | Not needed |

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -2,6 +2,350 @@
 
 All notable changes to this project will be documented in this file.
 
+## [v1.0.31] - 2026-05-14
+
+### Features
+
+- **install**: Skip interactive prompts in non-TTY environments (#888)
+- **update**: Recommend `lark-cli update` over `npm install` for AI agents (#884)
+- **im**: Add `--exclude-muted` to `+chat-search` and new `+chat-list` shortcut (#820)
+- **auth**: Add `--exclude` flag and allow combining `--scope` with `--domain`/`--recommend` (#844)
+- **drive**: Add modified-time smart sync mode (#859)
+- **approval**: Add `tasks.add_sign` and `tasks.rollback` methods (#867)
+
+## [v1.0.30] - 2026-05-13
+
+### Features
+
+- **im**: Add `--chat-mode topic` to `+chat-create` (#790)
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+- **auth**: Support comma-separated `--scope` in `auth login` (#764)
+- **auth**: Clarify URL handling in auth messages and docs (#856)
+- **bind**: Accept `~/` paths in OpenClaw secret references (#839)
+
+### Tests
+
+- **update**: Isolate stamp writes from real `~/.lark-cli/skills.stamp` (#858)
+
+## [v1.0.29] - 2026-05-12
+
+### Features
+
+- **vc**: Add agent meeting join, leave, and events shortcuts (#824)
+- **mail**: Add unknown-flag fuzzy match for `lark-cli mail` commands (#806)
+- **whiteboard**: Pin `whiteboard-cli` to `v0.2.11` in `lark-whiteboard` skill (#850)
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+- Silence misleading "skills not installed" startup notice (#801)
+
+### Documentation
+
+- **base**: Refine data analysis SOP wording (#784, #849)
+- Update README capability descriptions (#793)
+
+## [v1.0.28] - 2026-05-11
+
+### Features
+
+- **im**: Support UAT for `messages.forward` and add `threads.forward` (#689)
+- **im**: Add flag shortcuts `+flag-create` / `+flag-list` / `+flag-cancel` for message bookmarks (#770)
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+- **drive**: Handle duplicate remote sync paths (#803)
+
+### Documentation
+
+- **im**: Name `--query` / `--member-ids` in `+chat-search` shortcut row (#812)
+
+## [v1.0.27] - 2026-05-09
+
+### Features
+
+- **config**: Add `lark-channel` as a bind source (#786)
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+- **install**: Fix installation errors when PowerShell is disabled by Group Policy (#789)
+
+### Documentation
+
+- **task**: Clarify task member id types in references (#777)
+
+## [v1.0.26] - 2026-05-08
+
+### Features
+
+- **im**: Add `message_app_link` to message outputs (#668)
+- **auth**: Add scope hint for missing authorization errors (#776)
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+- **base**: Clean error detail output (#783)
+- **whiteboard**: Reclassify `+update` as `write` risk (#775)
+
+### Documentation
+
+- **mail**: Add data integrity and write-confirmation rules (#749)
+
+## [v1.0.25] - 2026-05-07
+
+### Features
+
+- Add skills version drift notice and unify update flow (#723)
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+- Remove misleading default value from `--as` flag help text (#769)
+- Handle negative truncate lengths (#744)
+- Reject invalid JSON pointer escapes (#741)
+- Migrate task shortcut errors to structured `output.Errorf`/`ErrValidation` (#740)
+
+### Documentation
+
+- Clarify base `user_open_id` guidance (#763)
+
+## [v1.0.24] - 2026-05-06
+
+### Features
+
+- **sheets**: Add sheet management shortcuts (#722)
+- **base**: Support batch record get and delete (#630)
+- **task**: Add upload task attachment shortcut (#736)
+- **drive**: Pre-flight 10000-rune total cap for `+add-comment` `reply_elements` (#605)
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+- **auth**: Handle missing scopes and device flow improvements (#752)
+- Add url to markdown `+create` output (#753)
+
+### Documentation
+
+- Refine field update conversion guidance (#748)
+
+## [v1.0.23] - 2026-04-30
+
+### Features
+
+- **drive**: Add `+pull` shortcut for one-way Drive → local mirror (#696)
+- **drive**: Add `+push` shortcut for one-way local → Drive mirror (#709)
+- **drive**: Add `+status` shortcut for content-hash diff (#692)
+- **drive**: Support `--file-name` for drive export (#685)
+- **base**: Add markdown output for record reads (#726)
+- **minutes**: Add media upload shortcut (#725)
+- **doc**: Warn when callout uses `type=` without `background-color` (#467)
+- **cmdutil**: Support `@file` for params and data (#724)
+- Add markdown shortcuts and skill docs (#704)
+
+### Documentation
+
+- **doc**: Guide lark-doc v2 usage (#710)
+- **minutes**: Clarify minutes file-to-notes routing (#732)
+
+## [v1.0.22] - 2026-04-29
+
+### Features
+
+- **task**: Add resource agent & `agent_task_step_info` (#693)
+- **task**: Support app task members by id (#712)
+- **contact**: Add `--queries` multi-name fanout to `+search-user` (#707)
+- **slides**: Add slide templates with template-first skill guidance (#684)
+- **mail**: Support calendar events in emails (#646)
+- **install**: Honor `npm_config_registry` for binary URL resolution with npmmirror fallback (#690)
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+- **install**: Make Windows zip extraction resilient (#713)
+- **config/init**: Respect `--brand` flag in `--new` mode (#711)
+
+### Documentation
+
+- **base**: Clarify base search routing (#708)
+- **base**: Align base skills and view config contracts (#653)
+
+## [v1.0.21] - 2026-04-28
+
+### Features
+
+- **contact**: Add search filters and richer profile fields to `+search-user` (#648)
+- **common**: Backfill resource URL when create APIs omit it (#680)
+- **risk**: Add risk tiering for command sensitivity classification (#633)
+- **okr**: Add progress records support (#574)
+- **calendar**: Enhance event search and meeting room finding (#679)
+- **event**: Add event subscription & consume system (#654)
+- **drive**: Extend `+add-comment` to support slides targets (#674)
+- **slides**: Add font management for slides (#681)
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+- **cmdutil**: Default flag completions to disabled (#688)
+- **e2e/wiki**: Pass `obj_type` when deleting wiki nodes in cleanup (#687)
+- **readme**: Fix readme statistics (#691)
+
+## [v1.0.20] - 2026-04-27
+
+### Features
+
+- **drive**: Add `+search` shortcut with flat filter flags (#658)
+- **mail**: Support sharing emails to IM chats via `+share-to-chat` (#637)
+- **calendar**: Add `+update` shortcut (#678)
+- **im**: Add `--at-chatter-ids` filter to `+messages-search` (#612)
+- **pagination**: Preserve pagination state on truncation and natural end (#659)
+- **lark-im**: Add `chat.members.bots` to skill docs (#616)
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+- **strict-mode**: Reject explicit `--as` instead of silently overriding it (#673)
+- **whiteboard**: Manual disable edge case for svg compatibility (#661)
+
+### Documentation
+
+- **lark-drive**: Add missing import command examples (#669)
+- **readme**: Add Project (Meegle) to Features table (#660)
+
+## [v1.0.19] - 2026-04-24
+
+### Features
+
+- **mail**: Add read receipt support — `--request-receipt` on compose, `+send-receipt` / `+decline-receipt` for response
+- **doc**: Add v2 API for `docs +create` / `+fetch` / `+update` (#638)
+- **im**: Request thread roots for chat message list (#635)
+- **drive**: Support wiki node targets in `+upload` (#611)
+- **config**: Block `auth` / `config` when external credential provider is active (#627)
+- **whiteboard**: Pin `whiteboard-cli` to `v0.2.10` in `lark-whiteboard` skill (#649)
+
+## [v1.0.18] - 2026-04-23
+
+### Features
+
+- **base**: Support `.base` import and export for bitable (#599)
+- **config**: Add `config bind` for per-Agent credential isolation (#515)
+- **slides**: Add `+replace-slide` shortcut for block-level XML edits (#516)
+- **wiki**: Add `+delete-space` shortcut with async task polling (#610)
+- **doc**: Add `--from-clipboard` flag to `docs +media-insert` (#508)
+- **minutes**: Unify minute artifacts output to `./minutes/{minute_token}/` (#604)
+- Add configurable content-safety scanning (#606)
+- **install**: Add SHA-256 checksum verification to `install.js` (#592)
+- **whiteboard**: Pin `whiteboard-cli` to `^0.2.9` (#617)
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+- **drive**: Escape angle brackets in comment text (#632)
+- **im**: Unify `messages-search` pagination int flags (#446)
+- **im**: Fix markdown URL rendering issues in post content (#206)
+
+### Documentation
+
+- **base**: Refine record cell value guidance (#636)
+
+## [v1.0.17] - 2026-04-22
+
+### Features
+
+- **im**: Use `Content-Disposition` filename when downloading message resources (#536)
+- **drive**: Add `+apply-permission` to request doc access (#588)
+- Support record share link (#466)
+- **whiteboard**: Add image support to `whiteboard-cli` skill (#553)
+- **cmdutil**: Add `X-Cli-Build` header for CLI build classification (#596)
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+- **base**: Add default-table follow-up hint to `base-create` (#600)
+- Skip flag-completion registration outside completion path (#598)
+- Add `record-share-link-create` in `SKILL.md` (#597)
+- **mail**: Remove leftover conflict marker in skill docs (#594)
+
+### Documentation
+
+- **drive**: Clarify that comment listing defaults to unresolved comments only (#609)
+- **doc**: Fix `--markdown` examples that teach literal `\n` (#602)
+- **mail**: Remove `get_signatures` from skill reference, exposed via `+signature` instead (#545)
+
+## [v1.0.16] - 2026-04-21
+
+### Features
+
+- **mail**: Support large email attachments (#537)
+- **mail**: Add draft preview URL to draft operations (#438)
+- **doc**: Add pre-write semantic warnings to `docs +update` (#569)
+- **doc**: Add `--selection-with-ellipsis` position flag to `+media-insert` (#335)
+- **calendar**: Support event share link and error details (#583)
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+- **doc**: Preserve round-trip formatting in `+fetch` output (#469)
+- **docs**: Validate `--selection-by-title` format early (#256)
+- **whiteboard**: Register `+media-upload` shortcut and add whiteboard parent type
+
+### Refactor
+
+- Split `Execute` into `Build` + `Execute` with explicit IO and keychain injection (#371)
+- **auth**: Simplify scope reporting in login flow (#582)
+
+## [v1.0.15] - 2026-04-20
+
+### Features
+
+- **sheets**: Add float image shortcuts (#494)
+- **approval**: Document `remind` and `initiated` methods in skill (#554)
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+- **base**: Preserve attachment metadata on base uploads (#563)
+- **base**: Fix role view and record default permission on edit (#530)
+- **sheets**: Normalize single-cell range in `+set-style` and `+batch-set-style` (#548)
+- **im**: Cap `basic_batch` user_ids at 10 per API limit (#551)
+- **install**: Refine install wizard messages (#529)
+- **whiteboard**: Deprecate old `lark-whiteboard-cli` skill (#547)
+
+## [v1.0.14] - 2026-04-17
+
+### Features
+
+- **mail**: Add email priority support for compose and read (#538)
+- **mail**: Support scheduled send (#534)
+- **drive**: Support sheet cell comments in `+add-comment` (#518)
+- **doc**: Add `--file-view` flag to `+media-insert` (#419)
+- **base**: Auto grant current user for bot create and copy (#497)
+- **base**: Add identity priority strategy and error handling (#505)
+- **auth**: Improve login scope handling and messages (#523)
+- Add OKR business domain (#522)
+
+### Documentation
+
+- **wiki**: Improve wiki skill docs and add wiki domain template (#512)
+- **task**: Document `custom_fields` and `custom_field_options` API resources and permissions (#524)
+
+### Refactor
+
+- **skills**: Introduce `lark-doc-whiteboard.md` and streamline whiteboard workflow (#502)
+
+## [v1.0.13] - 2026-04-16
+
+### Features
+
+- **im**: Support user access token for file, image, audio, and video upload, aligning upload and send identity with `--as` flag (#474)
+- **drive**: Add `drive +create-folder` shortcut with root-folder fallback and bot-mode auto-grant (#470)
+- **wiki**: Add bot-mode auto-grant support to `wiki +node-create` (#470)
+- **doc**: Default `skip_task_detail` in `docs +fetch` to reduce unnecessary task detail expansion (#471)
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+- **im**: Preserve original URL filename for uploaded file messages instead of generic `media.ext` names (#514)
+- **whiteboard**: Use atomic overwrite API parameter for `whiteboard +update`, replacing read-then-delete approach (#483)
+
+### Documentation
+
+- **base**: Unify record batch write limit to 200 and enforce serial writes for continuous operations (#499)
+- **base**: Remove redundant reference documentation and command grouping chapters from SKILL.md (#500)
+
+### CI
+
+- Consolidate workflows into layered CI pyramid with single `results` gate (#510)
+
 ## [v1.0.12] - 2026-04-15
 
 ### Features
@@ -359,6 +703,25 @@ Bundled AI agent skills for intelligent assistance:
 - Bilingual documentation (English & Chinese).
 - CI/CD pipelines: linting, testing, coverage reporting, and automated releases.
 
+[v1.0.31]: https://github.com/larksuite/cli/releases/tag/v1.0.31
+[v1.0.30]: https://github.com/larksuite/cli/releases/tag/v1.0.30
+[v1.0.29]: https://github.com/larksuite/cli/releases/tag/v1.0.29
+[v1.0.28]: https://github.com/larksuite/cli/releases/tag/v1.0.28
+[v1.0.27]: https://github.com/larksuite/cli/releases/tag/v1.0.27
+[v1.0.26]: https://github.com/larksuite/cli/releases/tag/v1.0.26
+[v1.0.25]: https://github.com/larksuite/cli/releases/tag/v1.0.25
+[v1.0.24]: https://github.com/larksuite/cli/releases/tag/v1.0.24
+[v1.0.23]: https://github.com/larksuite/cli/releases/tag/v1.0.23
+[v1.0.22]: https://github.com/larksuite/cli/releases/tag/v1.0.22
+[v1.0.21]: https://github.com/larksuite/cli/releases/tag/v1.0.21
+[v1.0.20]: https://github.com/larksuite/cli/releases/tag/v1.0.20
+[v1.0.19]: https://github.com/larksuite/cli/releases/tag/v1.0.19
+[v1.0.18]: https://github.com/larksuite/cli/releases/tag/v1.0.18
+[v1.0.17]: https://github.com/larksuite/cli/releases/tag/v1.0.17
+[v1.0.16]: https://github.com/larksuite/cli/releases/tag/v1.0.16
+[v1.0.15]: https://github.com/larksuite/cli/releases/tag/v1.0.15
+[v1.0.14]: https://github.com/larksuite/cli/releases/tag/v1.0.14
+[v1.0.13]: https://github.com/larksuite/cli/releases/tag/v1.0.13
 [v1.0.12]: https://github.com/larksuite/cli/releases/tag/v1.0.12
 [v1.0.11]: https://github.com/larksuite/cli/releases/tag/v1.0.11
 [v1.0.10]: https://github.com/larksuite/cli/releases/tag/v1.0.10

README.md

@@ -6,14 +6,14 @@
 
 [中文版](./README.zh.md) | [English](./README.md)
 
-The official [Lark/Feishu](https://www.larksuite.com/) CLI tool, maintained by the [larksuite](https://github.com/larksuite) team — built for humans and AI Agents. Covers core business domains including Messenger, Docs, Base, Sheets, Slides, Calendar, Mail, Tasks, Meetings, and more, with 200+ commands and 22 AI Agent [Skills](./skills/).
+The official [Lark/Feishu](https://www.larksuite.com/) CLI tool, maintained by the [larksuite](https://github.com/larksuite) team — built for humans and AI Agents. Covers core business domains including Messenger, Docs, Base, Sheets, Slides, Calendar, Mail, Tasks, Meetings, Markdown, and more, with 200+ commands and 24 AI Agent [Skills](./skills/).
 
 [Install](#installation--quick-start) · [AI Agent Skills](#agent-skills) · [Auth](#authentication) · [Commands](#three-layer-command-system) · [Advanced](#advanced-usage) · [Security](#security--risk-warnings-read-before-use) · [Contributing](#contributing)
 
 ## Why lark-cli?
 
-- **Agent-Native Design** — 22 structured [Skills](./skills/) out of the box, compatible with popular AI tools — Agents can operate Lark with zero extra setup
-- **Wide Coverage** — 14 business domains, 200+ curated commands, 22 AI Agent [Skills](./skills/)
+- **Agent-Native Design** — 24 structured [Skills](./skills/) out of the box, compatible with popular AI tools — Agents can operate Lark with zero extra setup
+- **Wide Coverage** — 17 business domains, 200+ curated commands, 24 AI Agent [Skills](./skills/)
 - **AI-Friendly & Optimized** — Every command is tested with real Agents, featuring concise parameters, smart defaults, and structured output to maximize Agent call success rates
 - **Open Source, Zero Barriers** — MIT license, ready to use, just `npm install`
 - **Up and Running in 3 Minutes** — One-click app creation, interactive login, from install to first API call in just 3 steps
@@ -24,20 +24,23 @@ The official [Lark/Feishu](https://www.larksuite.com/) CLI tool, maintained by t
 
 | Category      | Capabilities                                                                                                                      |
 | ------------- |-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
-| 📅 Calendar   | View agenda, create events, invite attendees, check free/busy status, time suggestions                                            |
+| 📅 Calendar   | View, create and update events, invite attendees, find meeting rooms, RSVP to invitations, check free/busy & time suggestions     |
 | 💬 Messenger  | Send/reply messages, create and manage group chats, view chat history & threads, search messages, download media                  |
 | 📄 Docs       | Create, read, update, and search documents, read/write media & whiteboards                                                        |
 | 📁 Drive      | Upload and download files, search docs & wiki, manage comments                                                                    |
+| 📝 Markdown   | Create, fetch, and overwrite Drive-native `.md` files                                                                             |
 | 📊 Base       | Create and manage tables, fields, records, views, dashboards, workflows, forms, roles & permissions, data aggregation & analytics |
 | 📈 Sheets     | Create, read, write, append, find, and export spreadsheet data                                                                    |
-| 🖼️ Slides     | Create and manage presentations, read presentation content, and add or remove slides                                             |
+| 🖼️ Slides     | Create and manage presentations, read presentation content, and add or remove slides                                              |
 | ✅ Tasks      | Create, query, update, and complete tasks; manage task lists, subtasks, comments & reminders                                      |
 | 📚 Wiki       | Create and manage knowledge spaces, nodes, and documents                                                                          |
 | 👤 Contact    | Search users by name/email/phone, get user profiles                                                                               |
 | 📧 Mail       | Browse, search, read emails, send, reply, forward, manage drafts, watch new mail                                                  |
-| 🎥 Meetings   | Search meeting records, query meeting minutes & recordings                                                                        |
+| 🎥 Meetings   | Search meeting records, query meeting minutes artifacts and recordings                                                            |
 | 🕐 Attendance | Query personal attendance check-in records                                                                                        |
 | ✍️ Approval   | Query approval tasks, approve/reject/transfer tasks, cancel and CC instances                                                      |
+| 🎯 OKR        | Query, create, update OKRs; manage objective & key results, alignments, indicators and progress.                                  |
+| 📋 Project    | Meegle — manage work items, schedules, and data via the standalone [meegle-cli](https://github.com/larksuite/meegle-cli) (install separately) |
 
 ## Installation & Quick Start
 
@@ -59,11 +62,7 @@ Choose **one** of the following methods:
 **Option 1 — From npm (recommended):**
 
 ```bash
-# Install CLI
-npm install -g @larksuite/cli
-
-# Install CLI SKILL (required)
-npx skills add larksuite/cli -y -g
+npx @larksuite/cli@latest install
 ```
 
 **Option 2 — From source:**
@@ -99,11 +98,7 @@ lark-cli calendar +agenda
 **Step 1 — Install**
 
 ```bash
-# Install CLI
-npm install -g @larksuite/cli
-
-# Install CLI SKILL (required)
-npx skills add larksuite/cli -y -g
+npx @larksuite/cli@latest install
 ```
 
 **Step 2 — Configure app credentials**
@@ -133,10 +128,11 @@ lark-cli auth status
 | Skill                           | Description                                                                                                    |
 | ------------------------------- |----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
 | `lark-shared`                   | App config, auth login, identity switching, scope management, security rules (auto-loaded by all other skills) |
-| `lark-calendar`                 | Calendar events, agenda view, free/busy queries, time suggestions                                              |
+| `lark-calendar`                 | Calendar events (create/update), agenda view, free/busy queries, time suggestions, room finding, RSVP replies  |
 | `lark-im`                       | Send/reply messages, group chat management, message search, upload/download images & files, reactions          |
 | `lark-doc`                      | Create, read, update, search documents (Markdown-based)                                                        |
 | `lark-drive`                    | Upload, download files, manage permissions & comments                                                          |
+| `lark-markdown`                 | Create, fetch, and overwrite Drive-native Markdown files                                                       |
 | `lark-sheets`                   | Create, read, write, append, find, export spreadsheets                                                         |
 | `lark-slides`                   | Create and manage presentations, read presentation content, and add or remove slides                          |
 | `lark-base`                     | Tables, fields, records, views, dashboards, data aggregation & analytics                                       |
@@ -147,13 +143,14 @@ lark-cli auth status
 | `lark-event`                    | Real-time event subscriptions (WebSocket), regex routing & agent-friendly format                               |
 | `lark-vc`                       | Search meeting records, query meeting minutes (summary, todos, transcript)                                     |
 | `lark-whiteboard`               | Whiteboard/chart DSL rendering                                                                                 |
-| `lark-minutes`                  | Minutes metadata & AI artifacts (summary, todos, chapters)                                                     |
+| `lark-minutes`                  | Minutes metadata & AI artifacts (summary, todos, chapters); upload audio/video to create minutes, download media |
 | `lark-openapi-explorer`         | Explore underlying APIs from official docs                                                                     |
 | `lark-skill-maker`              | Custom skill creation framework                                                                                |
 | `lark-attendance`               | Query personal attendance check-in records                                                                     |
 | `lark-approval`                 | Query approval tasks, approve/reject/transfer tasks, cancel and CC instances                                   |
 | `lark-workflow-meeting-summary` | Workflow: meeting minutes aggregation & structured report                                                      |
 | `lark-workflow-standup-report`  | Workflow: agenda & todo summary                                                                                |
+| `lark-okr`                      | Query, create, update OKRs; manage objective & key results, alignments and indicators.                         |
 
 ## Authentication
 
@@ -200,7 +197,7 @@ Prefixed with `+`, designed to be friendly for both humans and AI, with smart de
 ```bash
 lark-cli calendar +agenda
 lark-cli im +messages-send --chat-id "oc_xxx" --text "Hello"
-lark-cli docs +create --title "Weekly Report" --markdown "# Progress\n- Completed feature X"
+lark-cli docs +create --api-version v2 --doc-format markdown --content $'<title>Weekly Report</title>\n# Progress\n- Completed feature X'
 ```
 
 Run `lark-cli <service> --help` to see all shortcut commands.

README.zh.md

@@ -6,14 +6,14 @@
 
 [中文版](./README.zh.md) | [English](./README.md)
 
-飞书官方 CLI 工具，由 [larksuite](https://github.com/larksuite) 团队维护 — 让人类和 AI Agent 都能在终端中操作飞书。覆盖消息、文档、多维表格、电子表格、幻灯片、日历、邮箱、任务、会议等核心业务域，提供 200+ 命令及 22 个 AI Agent [Skills](./skills/)。
+飞书官方 CLI 工具，由 [larksuite](https://github.com/larksuite) 团队维护 — 让人类和 AI Agent 都能在终端中操作飞书。覆盖消息、文档、多维表格、电子表格、幻灯片、日历、邮箱、任务、会议、Markdown 等核心业务域，提供 200+ 命令及 24 个 AI Agent [Skills](./skills/)。
 
 [安装](#安装与快速开始) · [AI Agent Skills](#agent-skills) · [认证](#认证) · [命令](#三层命令调用) · [进阶用法](#进阶用法) · [安全](#安全与风险提示使用前必读) · [贡献](#贡献)
 
 ## 为什么选 lark-cli？
 
-- **为 Agent 原生设计** — 22 个 [Skills](./skills/) 开箱即用，适配主流 AI 工具，Agent 无需额外适配即可操作飞书
-- **覆盖面广** — 14 大业务域、200+ 精选命令、22 个 AI Agent [Skills](./skills/)
+- **为 Agent 原生设计** — 24 个 [Skills](./skills/) 开箱即用，适配主流 AI 工具，Agent 无需额外适配即可操作飞书
+- **覆盖面广** — 17 大业务域、200+ 精选命令、24 个 AI Agent [Skills](./skills/)
 - **AI 友好调优** — 每条命令经过 Agent 实测验证，提供更友好的参数、智能默认值和结构化输出，大幅提升 Agent 调用成功率
 - **开源零门槛** — MIT 协议，开箱即用，`npm install` 即可使用
 - **三分钟上手** — 一键创建应用、交互式登录授权，从安装到第一次 API 调用只需三步
@@ -24,10 +24,11 @@
 
 | 类别        | 能力                                         |
 | ------------- |--------------------------------------------|
-| 📅 日历     | 查看日程、创建日程、邀请参会人、查询忙闲状态、时间建议                |
+| 📅 日历     | 查看、创建和更新日程，邀请参会人、查找会议室、回复日程邀请、查询忙闲与时间建议        |
 | 💬 即时通讯 | 发送/回复消息、创建和管理群聊、查看聊天记录与话题、搜索消息、下载媒体文件      |
 | 📄 云文档   | 创建、读取、更新文档、搜索文档、读写素材与画板                    |
 | 📁 云空间   | 上传和下载文件、搜索文档与知识库、管理评论                      |
+| 📝 Markdown | 创建、读取、覆盖更新 Drive 中的原生 `.md` 文件                |
 | 📊 多维表格 | 创建和管理数据表、字段、记录、视图、仪表盘、自动化流程、表单、角色权限，数据聚合分析 |
 | 📈 电子表格 | 创建、读取、写入、追加、查找和导出表格数据                      |
 | 🖼️ 幻灯片   | 创建和管理演示文稿、读取演示文稿内容，以及新增或删除幻灯片页面 |
@@ -35,9 +36,11 @@
 | 📚 知识库   | 创建和管理知识空间、节点和文档                            |
 | 👤 通讯录   | 按姓名/邮箱/手机号搜索用户、获取用户信息                      |
 | 📧 邮箱     | 浏览、搜索、阅读邮件，发送、回复、转发邮件，管理草稿，监听新邮件           |
-| 🎥 视频会议 | 搜索会议记录、查询会议纪要与录制                           |
+| 🎥 视频会议 | 搜索会议记录、查询会议纪要产物与会议录制                        |
 | 🕐 考勤打卡 | 查询个人考勤打卡记录                                |
 | ✍️ 审批     | 查询审批任务、同意/拒绝/转交审批任务、撤回与抄送审批实例              |
+| 🎯 OKR  | 查询、创建、更新 OKR，管理目标、关键结果、对齐、指标和进展记录        |
+| 📋 飞书项目 | 管理工作项、排期与数据 — 由独立的 [meegle-cli](https://github.com/larksuite/meegle-cli) 提供（需单独安装） |
 
 ## 安装与快速开始
 
@@ -59,11 +62,7 @@
 **方式一 — 从 npm 安装（推荐）：**
 
 ```bash
-# 安装 CLI
-npm install -g @larksuite/cli
-
-# 安装 CLI SKILL（必需）
-npx skills add larksuite/cli -y -g
+npx @larksuite/cli@latest install
 ```
 
 **方式二 — 从源码安装：**
@@ -99,11 +98,7 @@ lark-cli calendar +agenda
 **第 1 步 — 安装**
 
 ```bash
-# 安装 CLI
-npm install -g @larksuite/cli
-
-# 安装 CLI SKILL（必需）
-npx skills add larksuite/cli -y -g
+npx @larksuite/cli@latest install
 ```
 
 **第 2 步 — 配置应用凭证**
@@ -134,10 +129,11 @@ lark-cli auth status
 | Skill                           | 说明                                        |
 | --------------------------------- |-------------------------------------------|
 | `lark-shared`                   | 应用配置、认证登录、身份切换、权限管理、安全规则（所有其他 skill 自动加载） |
-| `lark-calendar`                 | 日历日程、议程查看、忙闲查询、时间建议                       |
+| `lark-calendar`                 | 日历日程（创建/更新）、议程查看、忙闲查询、时间建议、会议室查找、回复邀请       |
 | `lark-im`                       | 发送/回复消息、群聊管理、消息搜索、上传下载图片与文件、表情回复          |
 | `lark-doc`                      | 创建、读取、更新、搜索文档（基于 Markdown）                |
 | `lark-drive`                    | 上传、下载文件，管理权限与评论                           |
+| `lark-markdown`                 | 创建、读取、覆盖更新 Drive 中的原生 Markdown 文件         |
 | `lark-sheets`                   | 创建、读取、写入、追加、查找、导出电子表格                     |
 | `lark-slides`                   | 创建和管理演示文稿、读取演示文稿内容，以及新增或删除幻灯片页面 |
 | `lark-base`                     | 多维表格、字段、记录、视图、仪表盘、数据聚合分析                  |
@@ -148,13 +144,14 @@ lark-cli auth status
 | `lark-event`                    | 实时事件订阅（WebSocket），支持正则路由与 Agent 友好格式      |
 | `lark-vc`                       | 搜索会议记录、查询会议纪要产物（总结、待办、逐字稿）                |
 | `lark-whiteboard`               | 画板/图表 DSL 渲染                              |
-| `lark-minutes`                  | 妙记元数据与 AI 产物（总结、待办、章节）                    |
+| `lark-minutes`                  | 妙记元数据与 AI 产物（总结、待办、章节），上传音视频生成妙记，下载音视频文件 |
 | `lark-openapi-explorer`         | 从官方文档探索底层 API                             |
 | `lark-skill-maker`              | 自定义 skill 创建框架                            |
 | `lark-attendance`               | 查询个人考勤打卡记录                                |
 | `lark-approval`                 | 审批任务查询、同意/拒绝/转交审批任务、撤回与抄送审批实例             |
 | `lark-workflow-meeting-summary` | 工作流：会议纪要汇总与结构化报告                          |
 | `lark-workflow-standup-report`  | 工作流：日程待办摘要                                |
+| `lark-okr`                      | 查询、创建、更新 OKR，管理目标、关键结果、对齐、指标和进展记录         |
 
 ## 认证
 
@@ -201,7 +198,7 @@ CLI 提供三种粒度的调用方式，覆盖从快速操作到完全自定义
 ```bash
 lark-cli calendar +agenda
 lark-cli im +messages-send --chat-id "oc_xxx" --text "Hello"
-lark-cli docs +create --title "周报" --markdown "# 本周进展\n- 完成了 X 功能"
+lark-cli docs +create --api-version v2 --doc-format markdown --content $'<title>周报</title>\n# 本周进展\n- 完成了 X 功能'
 ```
 
 运行 `lark-cli <service> --help` 查看所有快捷命令。

cmd/api/api.go

@@ -57,6 +57,10 @@ func normalisePath(raw string) string {
 
 // NewCmdApi creates the api command. If runF is non-nil it is called instead of apiRun (test hook).
 func NewCmdApi(f *cmdutil.Factory, runF func(*APIOptions) error) *cobra.Command {
+	return NewCmdApiWithContext(context.Background(), f, runF)
+}
+
+func NewCmdApiWithContext(ctx context.Context, f *cmdutil.Factory, runF func(*APIOptions) error) *cobra.Command {
 	opts := &APIOptions{Factory: f}
 	var asStr string
 
@@ -77,9 +81,9 @@ func NewCmdApi(f *cmdutil.Factory, runF func(*APIOptions) error) *cobra.Command
 		},
 	}
 
-	cmd.Flags().StringVar(&opts.Params, "params", "", "query parameters JSON (supports - for stdin)")
-	cmd.Flags().StringVar(&opts.Data, "data", "", "request body JSON (supports - for stdin)")
-	cmd.Flags().StringVar(&asStr, "as", "auto", "identity type: user | bot | auto (default)")
+	cmd.Flags().StringVar(&opts.Params, "params", "", "query parameters JSON (supports - for stdin, @file for file input)")
+	cmd.Flags().StringVar(&opts.Data, "data", "", "request body JSON (supports - for stdin, @file for file input)")
+	cmdutil.AddAPIIdentityFlag(ctx, cmd, f, &asStr)
 	cmd.Flags().StringVarP(&opts.Output, "output", "o", "", "output file path for binary responses")
 	cmd.Flags().BoolVar(&opts.PageAll, "page-all", false, "automatically paginate through all pages")
 	cmd.Flags().IntVar(&opts.PageSize, "page-size", 0, "page size (0 = use API default)")
@@ -96,10 +100,7 @@ func NewCmdApi(f *cmdutil.Factory, runF func(*APIOptions) error) *cobra.Command
 		}
 		return nil, cobra.ShellCompDirectiveNoFileComp
 	}
-	_ = cmd.RegisterFlagCompletionFunc("as", func(_ *cobra.Command, _ []string, _ string) ([]string, cobra.ShellCompDirective) {
-		return []string{"user", "bot"}, cobra.ShellCompDirectiveNoFileComp
-	})
-	_ = cmd.RegisterFlagCompletionFunc("format", func(_ *cobra.Command, _ []string, _ string) ([]string, cobra.ShellCompDirective) {
+	cmdutil.RegisterFlagCompletion(cmd, "format", func(_ *cobra.Command, _ []string, _ string) ([]string, cobra.ShellCompDirective) {
 		return []string{"json", "ndjson", "table", "csv"}, cobra.ShellCompDirectiveNoFileComp
 	})
 
@@ -111,6 +112,7 @@ func NewCmdApi(f *cmdutil.Factory, runF func(*APIOptions) error) *cobra.Command
 // FileUploadMeta is returned instead so the caller can render dry-run output.
 func buildAPIRequest(opts *APIOptions) (client.RawApiRequest, *cmdutil.FileUploadMeta, error) {
 	stdin := opts.Factory.IOStreams.In
+	fileIO := opts.Factory.ResolveFileIO(opts.Ctx)
 
 	// Validate --file mutual exclusions first.
 	if err := cmdutil.ValidateFileFlag(opts.File, opts.Params, opts.Data, opts.Output, opts.PageAll, opts.Method); err != nil {
@@ -122,7 +124,7 @@ func buildAPIRequest(opts *APIOptions) (client.RawApiRequest, *cmdutil.FileUploa
 		return client.RawApiRequest{}, nil, output.ErrValidation("--params and --data cannot both read from stdin (-)")
 	}
 
-	params, err := cmdutil.ParseJSONMap(opts.Params, "--params", stdin)
+	params, err := cmdutil.ParseJSONMap(opts.Params, "--params", stdin, fileIO)
 	if err != nil {
 		return client.RawApiRequest{}, nil, err
 	}
@@ -144,7 +146,7 @@ func buildAPIRequest(opts *APIOptions) (client.RawApiRequest, *cmdutil.FileUploa
 		// Parse --data as JSON map for form fields (not as body).
 		var dataFields any
 		if opts.Data != "" {
-			dataFields, err = cmdutil.ParseOptionalBody(opts.Method, opts.Data, stdin)
+			dataFields, err = cmdutil.ParseOptionalBody(opts.Method, opts.Data, stdin, fileIO)
 			if err != nil {
 				return client.RawApiRequest{}, nil, err
 			}
@@ -160,7 +162,7 @@ func buildAPIRequest(opts *APIOptions) (client.RawApiRequest, *cmdutil.FileUploa
 		}
 
 		fd, err := cmdutil.BuildFormdata(
-			opts.Factory.ResolveFileIO(opts.Ctx),
+			fileIO,
 			fieldName, filePath, isStdin, stdin, dataFields,
 		)
 		if err != nil {
@@ -170,7 +172,7 @@ func buildAPIRequest(opts *APIOptions) (client.RawApiRequest, *cmdutil.FileUploa
 		request.ExtraOpts = append(request.ExtraOpts, larkcore.WithFileUpload())
 	} else {
 		// Normal path: JSON body.
-		data, err := cmdutil.ParseOptionalBody(opts.Method, opts.Data, stdin)
+		data, err := cmdutil.ParseOptionalBody(opts.Method, opts.Data, stdin, fileIO)
 		if err != nil {
 			return client.RawApiRequest{}, nil, err
 		}
@@ -238,12 +240,13 @@ func apiRun(opts *APIOptions) error {
 		return output.MarkRaw(client.WrapDoAPIError(err))
 	}
 	err = client.HandleResponse(resp, client.ResponseOptions{
-		OutputPath: opts.Output,
-		Format:     format,
-		JqExpr:     opts.JqExpr,
-		Out:        out,
-		ErrOut:     f.IOStreams.ErrOut,
-		FileIO:     f.ResolveFileIO(opts.Ctx),
+		OutputPath:  opts.Output,
+		Format:      format,
+		JqExpr:      opts.JqExpr,
+		Out:         out,
+		ErrOut:      f.IOStreams.ErrOut,
+		FileIO:      f.ResolveFileIO(opts.Ctx),
+		CommandPath: opts.Cmd.CommandPath(),
 	})
 	// MarkRaw tells root error handler to skip enrichPermissionError,
 	// preserving the original API error detail (log_id, troubleshooter, etc.).

cmd/api/api_test.go

@@ -180,6 +180,24 @@ func TestApiValidArgsFunction(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestNewCmdApi_StrictModeHidesAsFlag(t *testing.T) {
+	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{
+		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: core.BrandFeishu, SupportedIdentities: 2,
+	})
+
+	cmd := NewCmdApi(f, nil)
+	flag := cmd.Flags().Lookup("as")
+	if flag == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected --as flag to be registered")
+	}
+	if !flag.Hidden {
+		t.Fatal("expected --as flag to be hidden in strict mode")
+	}
+	if got := flag.DefValue; got != "bot" {
+		t.Fatalf("default value = %q, want %q", got, "bot")
+	}
+}
+
 func TestApiCmd_PageLimitDefault(t *testing.T) {
 	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{
 		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: core.BrandFeishu,

cmd/auth/auth.go

@@ -24,6 +24,16 @@ func NewCmdAuth(f *cmdutil.Factory) *cobra.Command {
 	cmd := &cobra.Command{
 		Use:   "auth",
 		Short: "OAuth credentials and authorization management",
+		PersistentPreRunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+			// Replicate rootCmd's PersistentPreRun behaviour: cobra stops at the first
+			// PersistentPreRun[E] found walking up the chain, so the root-level
+			// SilenceUsage=true would be skipped without this line.
+			cmd.SilenceUsage = true
+			// cmd.Name() returns the subcommand name (e.g. "login"), not "auth".
+			// Pass "auth" as a literal so the error message reads
+			// `"auth" is not supported: ...`
+			return f.RequireBuiltinCredentialProvider(cmd.Context(), "auth")
+		},
 	}
 	cmdutil.DisableAuthCheck(cmd)
 

cmd/auth/auth_test.go

@@ -5,15 +5,19 @@ package auth
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"io"
 	"net/http"
 	"sort"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
 
+	extcred "github.com/larksuite/cli/extension/credential"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/credential"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/httpmock"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/output"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/registry"
 )
 
@@ -303,3 +307,72 @@ func (r *authScopesTokenResolver) ResolveToken(ctx context.Context, req credenti
 		return &credential.TokenResult{Token: "unexpected-token"}, nil
 	}
 }
+
+// stubExternalProvider is a minimal extcred.Provider that always reports an account,
+// simulating env/sidecar mode for guard tests.
+type stubExternalProvider struct{ name string }
+
+func (s *stubExternalProvider) Name() string { return s.name }
+func (s *stubExternalProvider) ResolveAccount(_ context.Context) (*extcred.Account, error) {
+	return &extcred.Account{AppID: "test-app"}, nil
+}
+func (s *stubExternalProvider) ResolveToken(_ context.Context, _ extcred.TokenSpec) (*extcred.Token, error) {
+	return nil, nil
+}
+
+// newFactoryWithExternalProvider creates a Factory whose Credential uses a stub
+// extension provider, simulating env/sidecar credential mode.
+func newFactoryWithExternalProvider(t *testing.T) *cmdutil.Factory {
+	t.Helper()
+	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", t.TempDir())
+	stub := &stubExternalProvider{name: "env"}
+	cred := credential.NewCredentialProvider([]extcred.Provider{stub}, nil, nil, nil)
+	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, nil)
+	f.Credential = cred
+	return f
+}
+
+func TestAuthBlockedByExternalProvider(t *testing.T) {
+	f := newFactoryWithExternalProvider(t)
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name string
+		args []string
+	}{
+		{"login", []string{"login"}},
+		{"logout", []string{"logout"}},
+		{"status", []string{"status"}},
+		{"check", []string{"check", "--scope", "calendar:read"}}, // --scope is required
+		{"list", []string{"list"}},
+		{"scopes", []string{"scopes"}},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			cmd := NewCmdAuth(f)
+			cmd.SilenceErrors = true
+			cmd.SetErr(io.Discard)
+			cmd.SetArgs(tt.args)
+
+			// Locate the subcommand before execution (PersistentPreRunE receives it as cmd).
+			matched, _, _ := cmd.Find(tt.args)
+
+			err := cmd.Execute()
+
+			// PersistentPreRunE sets SilenceUsage on the matched subcommand, not the parent.
+			if matched != nil && matched != cmd && !matched.SilenceUsage {
+				t.Error("expected PersistentPreRunE to set SilenceUsage on matched subcommand")
+			}
+			var exitErr *output.ExitError
+			if !errors.As(err, &exitErr) {
+				t.Fatalf("expected *output.ExitError, got %T: %v", err, err)
+			}
+			if exitErr.Code != output.ExitValidation {
+				t.Errorf("exit code = %d, want %d", exitErr.Code, output.ExitValidation)
+			}
+			if exitErr.Detail == nil || exitErr.Detail.Type != "external_provider" {
+				t.Errorf("error type = %v, want %q", exitErr.Detail, "external_provider")
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}

cmd/auth/list.go

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 package auth
 
 import (
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
@@ -42,7 +43,18 @@ func authListRun(opts *ListOptions) error {
 
 	multi, _ := core.LoadMultiAppConfig()
 	if multi == nil || len(multi.Apps) == 0 {
-		fmt.Fprintln(f.IOStreams.ErrOut, "Not configured yet. Run `lark-cli config init` to initialize.")
+		// auth list is a read-only probe; the "configured but no users"
+		// branch below already returns exit 0 with a stderr hint, so we
+		// keep the same contract here. We still want the hint to be
+		// workspace-aware, so we pull the message+hint out of
+		// NotConfiguredError() instead of hard-coding it.
+		var cfgErr *core.ConfigError
+		if errors.As(core.NotConfiguredError(), &cfgErr) {
+			fmt.Fprintln(f.IOStreams.ErrOut, cfgErr.Message)
+			if cfgErr.Hint != "" {
+				fmt.Fprintln(f.IOStreams.ErrOut, "  hint: "+cfgErr.Hint)
+			}
+		}
 		return nil
 	}
 

cmd/auth/list_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package auth
+
+import (
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
+)
+
+// TestAuthListRun_NotConfigured_ReturnsExitZero pins the contract that
+// `lark-cli auth list` is a read-only probe and must not fail-hard when no
+// config exists yet — scripts and AI agents use it as an idempotent "do I
+// have any users?" check, so the exit code carries semantic weight. Pair
+// that with the existing "configured but no logged-in users" branch (also
+// exit 0) and both empty states are consistent.
+func TestAuthListRun_NotConfigured_ReturnsExitZero(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", t.TempDir())
+
+	f, _, stderr, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, nil)
+	if err := authListRun(&ListOptions{Factory: f}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("auth list should succeed when not configured (exit 0); got: %v", err)
+	}
+	// Local workspace → hint must mention init, not bind.
+	out := stderr.String()
+	if !strings.Contains(out, "config init") {
+		t.Errorf("local hint missing config init: %s", out)
+	}
+	if strings.Contains(out, "config bind") {
+		t.Errorf("local hint must not mention config bind: %s", out)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestAuthListRun_NotConfigured_AgentWorkspace_RoutesToBindHelp covers the
+// reason this hint exists workspace-aware in the first place: an AI agent
+// in OpenClaw / Hermes that probes auth list before binding gets routed to
+// `config bind --help` instead of the local-only `config init`.
+func TestAuthListRun_NotConfigured_AgentWorkspace_RoutesToBindHelp(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", t.TempDir())
+
+	prev := core.CurrentWorkspace()
+	t.Cleanup(func() { core.SetCurrentWorkspace(prev) })
+	core.SetCurrentWorkspace(core.WorkspaceOpenClaw)
+
+	f, _, stderr, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, nil)
+	if err := authListRun(&ListOptions{Factory: f}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("auth list should still succeed under agent workspace; got: %v", err)
+	}
+	out := stderr.String()
+	if !strings.Contains(out, "config bind --help") {
+		t.Errorf("agent hint must point at config bind --help: %s", out)
+	}
+	if strings.Contains(out, "config init") {
+		t.Errorf("agent hint must not mention config init: %s", out)
+	}
+}

cmd/auth/login.go

@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ type LoginOptions struct {
 	Scope      string
 	Recommend  bool
 	Domains    []string
+	Exclude    []string
 	NoWait     bool
 	DeviceCode string
 }
@@ -49,10 +50,9 @@ For AI agents: this command blocks until the user completes authorization in the
 browser. Run it in the background and retrieve the verification URL from its output.`,
 		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 			if mode := f.ResolveStrictMode(cmd.Context()); mode == core.StrictModeBot {
-				return output.Errorf(output.ExitValidation, "strict_mode",
-					"strict mode is %q, user login is not allowed. "+
-						"This setting is managed by the administrator and must not be modified by AI agents.",
-					mode)
+				return output.ErrWithHint(output.ExitValidation, "strict_mode",
+					fmt.Sprintf("strict mode is %q, user login is disabled in this profile", mode),
+					"if the user explicitly wants to switch to user identity, see `lark-cli config strict-mode --help` (confirm with the user before switching; switching does NOT require re-bind)")
 			}
 			opts.Ctx = cmd.Context()
 			if runF != nil {
@@ -63,16 +63,18 @@ browser. Run it in the background and retrieve the verification URL from its out
 	}
 	cmdutil.SetSupportedIdentities(cmd, []string{"user"})
 
-	cmd.Flags().StringVar(&opts.Scope, "scope", "", "scopes to request (space-separated)")
+	cmd.Flags().StringVar(&opts.Scope, "scope", "", "scopes to request (space- or comma-separated). Combines additively with --domain/--recommend")
 	cmd.Flags().BoolVar(&opts.Recommend, "recommend", false, "request only recommended (auto-approve) scopes")
 	available := sortedKnownDomains()
 	cmd.Flags().StringSliceVar(&opts.Domains, "domain", nil,
 		fmt.Sprintf("domain (repeatable or comma-separated, e.g. --domain calendar,task)\navailable: %s, all", strings.Join(available, ", ")))
+	cmd.Flags().StringSliceVar(&opts.Exclude, "exclude", nil,
+		"scopes to exclude from the request (repeatable or comma-separated, e.g. --exclude drive:file:download)")
 	cmd.Flags().BoolVar(&opts.JSON, "json", false, "structured JSON output")
 	cmd.Flags().BoolVar(&opts.NoWait, "no-wait", false, "initiate device authorization and return immediately; use --device-code to complete")
 	cmd.Flags().StringVar(&opts.DeviceCode, "device-code", "", "poll and complete authorization with a device code from a previous --no-wait call")
 
-	_ = cmd.RegisterFlagCompletionFunc("domain", func(_ *cobra.Command, _ []string, toComplete string) ([]string, cobra.ShellCompDirective) {
+	cmdutil.RegisterFlagCompletion(cmd, "domain", func(_ *cobra.Command, _ []string, toComplete string) ([]string, cobra.ShellCompDirective) {
 		return completeDomain(toComplete), cobra.ShellCompDirectiveNoFileComp
 	})
 
@@ -159,6 +161,10 @@ func authLoginRun(opts *LoginOptions) error {
 
 	hasAnyOption := opts.Scope != "" || opts.Recommend || len(selectedDomains) > 0
 
+	if len(opts.Exclude) > 0 && !hasAnyOption {
+		return output.ErrValidation("--exclude requires --scope, --domain, or --recommend to be specified")
+	}
+
 	if !hasAnyOption {
 		if !opts.JSON && f.IOStreams.IsTerminal {
 			result, err := runInteractiveLogin(f.IOStreams, lang, msg)
@@ -186,14 +192,17 @@ func authLoginRun(opts *LoginOptions) error {
 		}
 	}
 
-	finalScope := opts.Scope
+	// Normalize --scope so users can pass either OAuth-standard space-separated
+	// values or the more natural comma-separated list. RFC 6749 §3.3 mandates
+	// space-delimited scopes in the wire request, so the device authorization
+	// endpoint rejects raw "a,b" strings as a single malformed scope.
+	finalScope := normalizeScopeInput(opts.Scope)
 
-	// Resolve scopes from domain/permission filters
+	// Resolve scopes from domain/permission filters and merge with --scope.
+	// --scope, --domain, and --recommend combine additively so callers can,
+	// for example, request all `docs` scopes plus a few specific `drive`
+	// scopes in a single command.
 	if len(selectedDomains) > 0 || opts.Recommend {
-		if opts.Scope != "" {
-			return output.ErrValidation("cannot use --scope together with --domain/--recommend")
-		}
-
 		var candidateScopes []string
 		if len(selectedDomains) > 0 {
 			candidateScopes = collectScopesForDomains(selectedDomains, "user")
@@ -207,11 +216,35 @@ func authLoginRun(opts *LoginOptions) error {
 			candidateScopes = registry.FilterAutoApproveScopes(candidateScopes)
 		}
 
-		if len(candidateScopes) == 0 {
+		if len(candidateScopes) == 0 && opts.Scope == "" {
 			return output.ErrValidation("no matching scopes found, check domain/scope options")
 		}
 
-		finalScope = strings.Join(candidateScopes, " ")
+		// Merge --scope additively with the resolved domain scopes.
+		merged := make(map[string]bool, len(candidateScopes)+len(strings.Fields(finalScope)))
+		for _, s := range candidateScopes {
+			merged[s] = true
+		}
+		for _, s := range strings.Fields(finalScope) {
+			merged[s] = true
+		}
+		finalScope = joinSortedScopeSet(merged)
+	}
+
+	// Apply --exclude on top of the resolved scope set. We honour exclude
+	// regardless of whether scopes came from --scope, --domain, --recommend,
+	// or any combination thereof.
+	if len(opts.Exclude) > 0 {
+		excluded, unknown := applyExcludeScopes(finalScope, opts.Exclude)
+		if len(unknown) > 0 {
+			return output.ErrValidation(
+				"these --exclude scopes are not present in the requested set: %s",
+				strings.Join(unknown, ", "))
+		}
+		finalScope = excluded
+		if strings.TrimSpace(finalScope) == "" {
+			return output.ErrValidation("no scopes left after applying --exclude; nothing to authorize")
+		}
 	}
 
 	// Step 1: Request device authorization
@@ -233,7 +266,7 @@ func authLoginRun(opts *LoginOptions) error {
 			"verification_url": authResp.VerificationUriComplete,
 			"device_code":      authResp.DeviceCode,
 			"expires_in":       authResp.ExpiresIn,
-			"hint":             fmt.Sprintf("Show verification_url to user, then immediately execute: lark-cli auth login --device-code %s (blocks until authorized or timeout). Do not instruct the user to run this command themselves.", authResp.DeviceCode),
+			"hint":             fmt.Sprintf("Show verification_url to the user exactly as returned by the CLI and treat it as an opaque string. Do not URL-encode or decode it, do not normalize or rewrite it, do not add %%20, spaces, or punctuation, and do not wrap it as Markdown link text; prefer a fenced code block containing only the raw URL. Then immediately execute: lark-cli auth login --device-code %s (blocks until authorized or timeout). Do not instruct the user to run this command themselves.", authResp.DeviceCode),
 		}
 		encoder := json.NewEncoder(f.IOStreams.Out)
 		encoder.SetEscapeHTML(false)
@@ -243,7 +276,11 @@ func authLoginRun(opts *LoginOptions) error {
 		return nil
 	}
 
-	// Step 2: Show user code and verification URL
+	// Step 2: Show user code and verification URL.
+	// Both branches surface AgentTimeoutHint, but on different channels:
+	// JSON mode embeds it as a structured field (so an agent that captures
+	// stdout into a JSON parser sees it without stream-mixing surprises),
+	// text mode prints to stderr (alongside the URL prompt).
 	if opts.JSON {
 		data := map[string]interface{}{
 			"event":                     "device_authorization",
@@ -251,6 +288,7 @@ func authLoginRun(opts *LoginOptions) error {
 			"verification_uri_complete": authResp.VerificationUriComplete,
 			"user_code":                 authResp.UserCode,
 			"expires_in":                authResp.ExpiresIn,
+			"agent_hint":                msg.AgentTimeoutHint,
 		}
 		encoder := json.NewEncoder(f.IOStreams.Out)
 		encoder.SetEscapeHTML(false)
@@ -260,6 +298,7 @@ func authLoginRun(opts *LoginOptions) error {
 	} else {
 		fmt.Fprintf(f.IOStreams.ErrOut, msg.OpenURL)
 		fmt.Fprintf(f.IOStreams.ErrOut, "  %s\n\n", authResp.VerificationUriComplete)
+		fmt.Fprintln(f.IOStreams.ErrOut, msg.AgentTimeoutHint)
 	}
 
 	// Step 3: Poll for token
@@ -346,9 +385,15 @@ func authLoginPollDeviceCode(opts *LoginOptions, config *core.CliConfig, msg *lo
 			fmt.Fprintf(f.IOStreams.ErrOut, "[lark-cli] [WARN] auth login: failed to remove cached requested scopes: %v\n", err)
 		}
 	}
+	// Skip the stderr hint in JSON mode — the --no-wait call that issued the
+	// device_code already returned the hint as a JSON field, and writing
+	// text to stderr would pollute consumers that combine streams via 2>&1.
+	if !opts.JSON {
+		fmt.Fprintln(f.IOStreams.ErrOut, msg.AgentTimeoutHint)
+	}
 	log(msg.WaitingAuth)
 	result := pollDeviceToken(opts.Ctx, httpClient, config.AppID, config.AppSecret, config.Brand,
-		opts.DeviceCode, 5, 180, f.IOStreams.ErrOut)
+		opts.DeviceCode, 5, 600, f.IOStreams.ErrOut)
 
 	if !result.OK {
 		if shouldRemoveLoginRequestedScope(result) {
@@ -462,7 +507,7 @@ func collectScopesForDomains(domains []string, identity string) []string {
 	// 3. Shortcut scopes matching by Service (only include shortcuts supporting the identity)
 	for _, sc := range shortcuts.AllShortcuts() {
 		if domainSet[sc.Service] && shortcutSupportsIdentity(sc, identity) {
-			for _, s := range sc.ScopesForIdentity(identity) {
+			for _, s := range sc.DeclaredScopesForIdentity(identity) {
 				scopeSet[s] = true
 			}
 		}
@@ -521,6 +566,40 @@ func shortcutSupportsIdentity(sc common.Shortcut, identity string) bool {
 	return false
 }
 
+// normalizeScopeInput accepts a user-supplied --scope value that may use
+// commas, spaces, tabs, or newlines (or any mix) as separators and returns the
+// canonical OAuth 2.0 wire form: a single space-joined string with empties
+// trimmed and duplicates removed (first occurrence wins; order preserved).
+//
+// Examples:
+//
+//	"vc:note:read,vc:meeting.meetingevent:read" -> "vc:note:read vc:meeting.meetingevent:read"
+//	"a, b ,  c"                                 -> "a b c"
+//	"a b a"                                     -> "a b"
+//	""                                          -> ""
+func normalizeScopeInput(raw string) string {
+	if raw == "" {
+		return ""
+	}
+	// Treat both commas and any whitespace as separators.
+	fields := strings.FieldsFunc(raw, func(r rune) bool {
+		return r == ',' || r == ' ' || r == '\t' || r == '\n' || r == '\r'
+	})
+	if len(fields) == 0 {
+		return ""
+	}
+	seen := make(map[string]struct{}, len(fields))
+	out := make([]string, 0, len(fields))
+	for _, f := range fields {
+		if _, ok := seen[f]; ok {
+			continue
+		}
+		seen[f] = struct{}{}
+		out = append(out, f)
+	}
+	return strings.Join(out, " ")
+}
+
 // suggestDomain finds the best "did you mean" match for an unknown domain.
 func suggestDomain(input string, known map[string]bool) string {
 	// Check common cases: prefix match or input is a substring
@@ -531,3 +610,58 @@ func suggestDomain(input string, known map[string]bool) string {
 	}
 	return ""
 }
+
+// joinSortedScopeSet returns a deterministic, space-separated scope string
+// from a set, sorted alphabetically. Empty/blank scopes are dropped.
+func joinSortedScopeSet(set map[string]bool) string {
+	out := make([]string, 0, len(set))
+	for s := range set {
+		if strings.TrimSpace(s) == "" {
+			continue
+		}
+		out = append(out, s)
+	}
+	sort.Strings(out)
+	return strings.Join(out, " ")
+}
+
+// applyExcludeScopes removes the provided exclude entries from the requested
+// scope string. Each --exclude flag value may itself contain comma- or
+// whitespace-separated scopes. Returns the filtered scope string and any
+// exclude entries that were not present in the requested set (callers can
+// surface those as a validation error to catch typos like
+// `--exclude drive:file:downlod`).
+func applyExcludeScopes(requested string, excludes []string) (string, []string) {
+	requestedSet := make(map[string]bool)
+	for _, s := range strings.Fields(requested) {
+		requestedSet[s] = true
+	}
+
+	excludeSet := make(map[string]bool)
+	for _, raw := range excludes {
+		// --exclude already splits on commas (StringSliceVar), but also
+		// tolerate whitespace-separated entries inside a single value.
+		for _, s := range strings.Fields(strings.ReplaceAll(raw, ",", " ")) {
+			excludeSet[s] = true
+		}
+	}
+
+	var unknown []string
+	for s := range excludeSet {
+		if !requestedSet[s] {
+			unknown = append(unknown, s)
+		}
+	}
+	if len(unknown) > 0 {
+		sort.Strings(unknown)
+		return requested, unknown
+	}
+
+	kept := make(map[string]bool, len(requestedSet))
+	for s := range requestedSet {
+		if !excludeSet[s] {
+			kept[s] = true
+		}
+	}
+	return joinSortedScopeSet(kept), nil
+}

cmd/auth/login_messages.go

@@ -22,13 +22,14 @@ type loginMsg struct {
 	// Non-interactive prompts (login.go)
 	OpenURL            string
 	WaitingAuth        string
+	AgentTimeoutHint   string
 	AuthSuccess        string
 	LoginSuccess       string
+	AuthorizedUser     string
 	ScopeMismatch      string
 	ScopeHint          string
 	RequestedScopes    string
 	NewlyGrantedScopes string
-	MissingScopes      string
 	NoScopes           string
 	StatusHint         string
 
@@ -58,13 +59,14 @@ var loginMsgZh = &loginMsg{
 
 	OpenURL:            "在浏览器中打开以下链接进行认证:\n\n",
 	WaitingAuth:        "等待用户授权...",
-	AuthSuccess:        "授权成功，正在获取用户信息...",
-	LoginSuccess:       "登录成功! 用户: %s (%s)",
-	ScopeMismatch:      "授权完成，但以下请求 scopes 未被授予: %s",
+	AgentTimeoutHint:   "[AI agent] 此命令最长阻塞约 10 分钟，等待用户在浏览器内完成授权。请确保 runner 的 timeout >= 600s；如不支持长 timeout，请改用 `lark-cli auth login --no-wait --json` 拿到 device_code 后再用 `lark-cli auth login --device-code <code>` 续上轮询。**不要短 timeout 反复重试**，每次重启会作废上一轮的 device code，导致用户授权链接失效。向用户展示授权链接时，必须逐字原样转发 CLI 返回的 URL，把它视为不可修改的 opaque string；不要做 URL 编码或解码，不要补 `%20`、空格或标点，不要改写成 Markdown 链接，建议用只包含该 URL 的代码块单独输出。",
+	AuthSuccess:        "已收到授权确认，正在获取用户信息并校验授权结果...",
+	LoginSuccess:       "授权成功! 用户: %s (%s)",
+	AuthorizedUser:     "当前授权账号: %s (%s)",
+	ScopeMismatch:      "授权结果异常: 以下请求 scopes 未被授予: %s",
 	ScopeHint:          "以上结果是本次授权请求用户最终确认后的结果，请勿持续重试；Scopes 未授予的原因是多样的，如 scope 被禁用；具体原因已通过授权页提示用户。可执行 `lark-cli auth status` 查看账号当前已授予的全部 scopes；",
 	RequestedScopes:    "  本次请求 scopes: %s\n",
 	NewlyGrantedScopes: "  本次新授予 scopes: %s\n",
-	MissingScopes:      "  本次未授予 scopes: %s\n",
 	NoScopes:           "（空）",
 	StatusHint:         "可执行 `lark-cli auth status` 查看账号当前已授予的全部 scopes；",
 
@@ -93,13 +95,14 @@ var loginMsgEn = &loginMsg{
 
 	OpenURL:            "Open this URL in your browser to authenticate:\n\n",
 	WaitingAuth:        "Waiting for user authorization...",
-	AuthSuccess:        "Authorization successful, fetching user info...",
-	LoginSuccess:       "Login successful! User: %s (%s)",
-	ScopeMismatch:      "authorization completed, but these requested scopes were not granted: %s",
+	AgentTimeoutHint:   "[AI agent] This command blocks for up to ~10 minutes while waiting for the user to authorize in their browser. Make sure your runner's timeout is >= 600s. If long timeouts are not supported, use `lark-cli auth login --no-wait --json` to get a device_code, then `lark-cli auth login --device-code <code>` to resume polling. **Do NOT retry with a short timeout**; each restart invalidates the previous device code and makes the earlier authorization URL useless. When showing the authorization URL to the user, copy the CLI-returned URL exactly as-is and treat it as an opaque string. Do not URL-encode or decode it, do not add `%20`, spaces, or punctuation, do not rewrite it as Markdown link text, and prefer a fenced code block containing only the raw URL.",
+	AuthSuccess:        "Authorization confirmed, fetching user info and validating granted scopes...",
+	LoginSuccess:       "Authorization successful! User: %s (%s)",
+	AuthorizedUser:     "Authorized account: %s (%s)",
+	ScopeMismatch:      "authorization result is abnormal: these requested scopes were not granted: %s",
 	ScopeHint:          "The result above is the user's final confirmation for this authorization request. Do not retry continuously. Scopes may be not granted for various reasons, such as a scope being disabled. The specific reason has already been shown to the user on the authorization page. Run `lark-cli auth status` to inspect all scopes currently granted to the account.",
 	RequestedScopes:    "  Requested scopes: %s\n",
 	NewlyGrantedScopes: "  Newly granted scopes: %s\n",
-	MissingScopes:      "  Not granted scopes: %s\n",
 	NoScopes:           "(none)",
 	StatusHint:         "Run `lark-cli auth status` to inspect all scopes currently granted to the account.",
 
@@ -122,5 +125,5 @@ func getLoginMsg(lang string) *loginMsg {
 // (not backed by from_meta service specs). Descriptions are now centralized in
 // service_descriptions.json.
 func getShortcutOnlyDomainNames() []string {
-	return []string{"base", "contact", "docs"}
+	return []string{"base", "contact", "docs", "markdown"}
 }

cmd/auth/login_messages_test.go

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ package auth
 import (
 	"fmt"
 	"reflect"
+	"strings"
 	"testing"
 )
 
@@ -69,6 +70,12 @@ func TestLoginMsg_FormatStrings(t *testing.T) {
 			t.Errorf("%s LoginSuccess has no format verb", lang)
 		}
 
+		// AuthorizedUser should contain two %s placeholders (userName, openId)
+		got = fmt.Sprintf(msg.AuthorizedUser, "testuser", "ou_123")
+		if got == msg.AuthorizedUser {
+			t.Errorf("%s AuthorizedUser has no format verb", lang)
+		}
+
 		// SummaryDomains should contain %s
 		got = fmt.Sprintf(msg.SummaryDomains, "calendar, task")
 		if got == msg.SummaryDomains {
@@ -88,3 +95,21 @@ func TestLoginMsg_FormatStrings(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	}
 }
+
+// TestAgentTimeoutHint_CarriesKeyInfo guards the contract that the synchronous
+// auth-login output tells AI agents two things: (a) this command blocks for
+// minutes — set a long runner timeout, and (b) the alternative is the
+// --no-wait + --device-code split-flow. Without (a) AI sets a 10s timeout and
+// kills the process before the user can authorize; without (b) the AI has no
+// recovery path and just retries with the same short timeout, invalidating
+// each new device code in turn.
+func TestAgentTimeoutHint_CarriesKeyInfo(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, lang := range []string{"zh", "en"} {
+		hint := getLoginMsg(lang).AgentTimeoutHint
+		for _, want := range []string{"--no-wait", "--device-code"} {
+			if !strings.Contains(hint, want) {
+				t.Errorf("%s AgentTimeoutHint missing %q: %s", lang, want, hint)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}

cmd/auth/login_result.go

@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ func emptyIfNil(s []string) []string {
 	return s
 }
 
-// writeLoginScopeBreakdown renders the requested/newly granted/missing scope
+// writeLoginScopeBreakdown renders the requested/newly granted scope
 // breakdown to stderr.
 func writeLoginScopeBreakdown(errOut *cmdutil.IOStreams, msg *loginMsg, summary *loginScopeSummary) {
 	if summary == nil {
@@ -136,7 +136,6 @@ func writeLoginScopeBreakdown(errOut *cmdutil.IOStreams, msg *loginMsg, summary
 	}
 	fmt.Fprintf(errOut.ErrOut, msg.RequestedScopes, formatScopeList(summary.Requested, msg.NoScopes))
 	fmt.Fprintf(errOut.ErrOut, msg.NewlyGrantedScopes, formatScopeList(summary.NewlyGranted, msg.NoScopes))
-	fmt.Fprintf(errOut.ErrOut, msg.MissingScopes, formatScopeList(summary.Missing, msg.NoScopes))
 }
 
 // writeLoginSuccess emits the successful login payload in either JSON or text
@@ -170,7 +169,7 @@ func handleLoginScopeIssue(opts *LoginOptions, msg *loginMsg, f *cmdutil.Factory
 		if loginSucceeded {
 			b, _ := json.Marshal(authorizationCompletePayload(openId, userName, issue.Summary, issue))
 			fmt.Fprintln(f.IOStreams.Out, string(b))
-			return nil
+			return output.ErrBare(output.ExitAuth)
 		}
 		detail := map[string]interface{}{
 			"requested": issue.Summary.Requested,
@@ -190,20 +189,17 @@ func handleLoginScopeIssue(opts *LoginOptions, msg *loginMsg, f *cmdutil.Factory
 
 	fmt.Fprintln(f.IOStreams.ErrOut)
 	if loginSucceeded {
-		output.PrintSuccess(f.IOStreams.ErrOut, fmt.Sprintf(msg.LoginSuccess, userName, openId))
-	} else {
 		fmt.Fprintln(f.IOStreams.ErrOut, issue.Message)
-	}
-	if loginSucceeded {
+		if msg.AuthorizedUser != "" {
+			fmt.Fprintf(f.IOStreams.ErrOut, "%s\n", fmt.Sprintf(msg.AuthorizedUser, userName, openId))
+		}
+	} else {
 		fmt.Fprintln(f.IOStreams.ErrOut, issue.Message)
 	}
 	writeLoginScopeBreakdown(f.IOStreams, msg, issue.Summary)
 	if issue.Hint != "" {
 		fmt.Fprintln(f.IOStreams.ErrOut, issue.Hint)
 	}
-	if loginSucceeded {
-		return nil
-	}
 	return output.ErrBare(output.ExitAuth)
 }
 

cmd/auth/login_test.go

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/httpmock"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/output"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/registry"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/shortcuts/common"
 	"github.com/zalando/go-keyring"
@@ -69,6 +70,32 @@ func TestSuggestDomain_ExactMatch(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestNormalizeScopeInput(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := []struct {
+		name string
+		in   string
+		want string
+	}{
+		{"empty", "", ""},
+		{"single", "vc:note:read", "vc:note:read"},
+		{"comma", "vc:note:read,vc:meeting.meetingevent:read", "vc:note:read vc:meeting.meetingevent:read"},
+		{"space", "vc:note:read vc:meeting.meetingevent:read", "vc:note:read vc:meeting.meetingevent:read"},
+		{"comma_and_spaces", "vc:note:read, vc:meeting.meetingevent:read", "vc:note:read vc:meeting.meetingevent:read"},
+		{"mixed_separators", "a, b\tc\nd  e", "a b c d e"},
+		{"trim_and_dedup", "  a , b , a  ", "a b"},
+		{"trailing_separators", "a,b,,", "a b"},
+		{"only_separators", " , , ", ""},
+		{"tab_separated", "im:message:send\toffline_access", "im:message:send offline_access"},
+	}
+	for _, tc := range cases {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			if got := normalizeScopeInput(tc.in); got != tc.want {
+				t.Errorf("normalizeScopeInput(%q) = %q, want %q", tc.in, got, tc.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
 func TestShortcutSupportsIdentity_DefaultUser(t *testing.T) {
 	// Empty AuthTypes defaults to ["user"]
 	sc := common.Shortcut{AuthTypes: nil}
@@ -363,7 +390,7 @@ func TestWriteLoginSuccess_JSONIncludesScopeDiff(t *testing.T) {
 func TestHandleLoginScopeIssue_NonJSONAlignsWithLoginSuccess(t *testing.T) {
 	f, _, stderr, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, nil)
 	err := handleLoginScopeIssue(&LoginOptions{}, getLoginMsg("zh"), f, &loginScopeIssue{
-		Message: "授权完成，但以下请求 scopes 未被授予: im:message:send",
+		Message: "授权结果异常: 以下请求 scopes 未被授予: im:message:send",
 		Hint:    "以上结果是本次授权请求用户最终确认后的结果，请勿持续重试；Scopes 未授予的原因是多样的，如 scope 被禁用；具体原因已通过授权页提示用户。可执行 `lark-cli auth status` 查看账号当前已授予的全部 scopes；",
 		Summary: &loginScopeSummary{
 			Requested: []string{"im:message:send"},
@@ -371,16 +398,19 @@ func TestHandleLoginScopeIssue_NonJSONAlignsWithLoginSuccess(t *testing.T) {
 			Granted:   []string{"base:app:copy"},
 		},
 	}, "ou_user", "tester")
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("expected nil error, got %v", err)
+	var exitErr *output.ExitError
+	if !errors.As(err, &exitErr) {
+		t.Fatalf("expected ExitError, got %v", err)
+	}
+	if exitErr.Code != output.ExitAuth {
+		t.Fatalf("exit code = %d, want %d", exitErr.Code, output.ExitAuth)
 	}
 	got := stderr.String()
 	for _, want := range []string{
-		"OK: 登录成功! 用户: tester (ou_user)",
-		"授权完成，但以下请求 scopes 未被授予: im:message:send",
+		"授权结果异常: 以下请求 scopes 未被授予: im:message:send",
+		"当前授权账号: tester (ou_user)",
 		"本次请求 scopes: im:message:send",
 		"本次新授予 scopes: （空）",
-		"本次未授予 scopes: im:message:send",
 		"以上结果是本次授权请求用户最终确认后的结果，请勿持续重试",
 		"scope 被禁用",
 		"lark-cli auth status",
@@ -392,15 +422,18 @@ func TestHandleLoginScopeIssue_NonJSONAlignsWithLoginSuccess(t *testing.T) {
 	if strings.Contains(got, "最终已授权 scopes:") {
 		t.Fatalf("stderr should not contain final granted scopes, got:\n%s", got)
 	}
-	if strings.Contains(got, "ERROR:") {
-		t.Fatalf("stderr should not contain error prefix, got:\n%s", got)
+	if strings.Contains(got, "授权成功") {
+		t.Fatalf("stderr should not contain success wording, got:\n%s", got)
+	}
+	if strings.Contains(got, "本次未授予 scopes:") {
+		t.Fatalf("stderr should not duplicate missing scopes, got:\n%s", got)
 	}
 }
 
 func TestHandleLoginScopeIssue_JSONAlignsWithLoginSuccess(t *testing.T) {
 	f, stdout, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, nil)
 	err := handleLoginScopeIssue(&LoginOptions{JSON: true}, getLoginMsg("en"), f, &loginScopeIssue{
-		Message: "authorization completed, but these requested scopes were not granted: im:message:send",
+		Message: "authorization result is abnormal: these requested scopes were not granted: im:message:send",
 		Hint:    "Granted scopes: base:app:copy. Check app scopes.",
 		Summary: &loginScopeSummary{
 			Requested: []string{"im:message:send"},
@@ -408,8 +441,12 @@ func TestHandleLoginScopeIssue_JSONAlignsWithLoginSuccess(t *testing.T) {
 			Granted:   []string{"base:app:copy"},
 		},
 	}, "ou_user", "tester")
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("expected nil error, got %v", err)
+	var exitErr *output.ExitError
+	if !errors.As(err, &exitErr) {
+		t.Fatalf("expected ExitError, got %v", err)
+	}
+	if exitErr.Code != output.ExitAuth {
+		t.Fatalf("exit code = %d, want %d", exitErr.Code, output.ExitAuth)
 	}
 
 	var data map[string]interface{}
@@ -469,13 +506,13 @@ func TestWriteLoginSuccess_TextOutputScenarios(t *testing.T) {
 				Granted:        []string{"im:message:send", "im:message:reply"},
 			},
 			expectedPresent: []string{
-				"登录成功! 用户: tester (ou_user)",
+				"授权成功! 用户: tester (ou_user)",
 				"本次请求 scopes: im:message:send im:message:reply",
 				"本次新授予 scopes: im:message:send",
-				"本次未授予 scopes: （空）",
 				"可执行 `lark-cli auth status` 查看账号当前已授予的全部 scopes；",
 			},
 			expectedAbsent: []string{
+				"本次未授予 scopes:",
 				"最终已授权 scopes:",
 				"已有 scopes:",
 			},
@@ -490,10 +527,10 @@ func TestWriteLoginSuccess_TextOutputScenarios(t *testing.T) {
 			expectedPresent: []string{
 				"本次请求 scopes: im:message:send",
 				"本次新授予 scopes: （空）",
-				"本次未授予 scopes: （空）",
 				"可执行 `lark-cli auth status` 查看账号当前已授予的全部 scopes；",
 			},
 			expectedAbsent: []string{
+				"本次未授予 scopes:",
 				"最终已授权 scopes:",
 				"已有 scopes:",
 			},
@@ -508,9 +545,9 @@ func TestWriteLoginSuccess_TextOutputScenarios(t *testing.T) {
 			expectedPresent: []string{
 				"本次请求 scopes: im:message:send im:message:reply",
 				"本次新授予 scopes: （空）",
-				"本次未授予 scopes: im:message:send",
 			},
 			expectedAbsent: []string{
+				"本次未授予 scopes:",
 				"已有 scopes:",
 				"最终已授权 scopes:",
 				"可执行 `lark-cli auth status` 查看账号当前已授予的全部 scopes；",
@@ -614,15 +651,18 @@ func TestAuthLoginRun_MissingRequestedScopeAlignsWithLoginSuccess(t *testing.T)
 		Ctx:     context.Background(),
 		Scope:   "im:message:send",
 	})
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("expected nil error, got %v", err)
+	var exitErr *output.ExitError
+	if !errors.As(err, &exitErr) {
+		t.Fatalf("expected ExitError, got %v", err)
+	}
+	if exitErr.Code != output.ExitAuth {
+		t.Fatalf("exit code = %d, want %d", exitErr.Code, output.ExitAuth)
 	}
 	got := stderr.String()
 	for _, want := range []string{
-		"OK: 登录成功! 用户: tester (ou_user)",
-		"授权完成，但以下请求 scopes 未被授予: im:message:send",
+		"授权结果异常: 以下请求 scopes 未被授予: im:message:send",
+		"当前授权账号: tester (ou_user)",
 		"本次请求 scopes: im:message:send",
-		"本次未授予 scopes: im:message:send",
 		"以上结果是本次授权请求用户最终确认后的结果，请勿持续重试",
 		"scope 被禁用",
 		"lark-cli auth status",
@@ -634,6 +674,12 @@ func TestAuthLoginRun_MissingRequestedScopeAlignsWithLoginSuccess(t *testing.T)
 	if strings.Contains(got, "最终已授权 scopes:") {
 		t.Fatalf("stderr should not contain final granted scopes, got:\n%s", got)
 	}
+	if strings.Contains(got, "OK: 授权成功") {
+		t.Fatalf("stderr should not contain success prefix when scopes are missing, got:\n%s", got)
+	}
+	if strings.Contains(got, "本次未授予 scopes:") {
+		t.Fatalf("stderr should not duplicate missing scopes, got:\n%s", got)
+	}
 	if strings.Contains(got, "ERROR:") {
 		t.Fatalf("stderr should not contain error prefix, got:\n%s", got)
 	}
@@ -743,7 +789,7 @@ func TestAuthLoginRun_DeviceCodeUsesCachedRequestedScopes(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 	got := stderr.String()
 	for _, want := range []string{
-		"OK: 登录成功! 用户: tester (ou_user)",
+		"OK: 授权成功! 用户: tester (ou_user)",
 		"本次请求 scopes: im:message:send",
 		"本次新授予 scopes: im:message:send",
 		"可执行 `lark-cli auth status` 查看账号当前已授予的全部 scopes；",
@@ -771,16 +817,18 @@ func TestWriteLoginSuccess_TextOutputEnglishIncludesStatusHintWhenNoMissingScope
 
 	got := stderr.String()
 	for _, want := range []string{
-		"Login successful! User: tester (ou_user)",
+		"Authorization successful! User: tester (ou_user)",
 		"Requested scopes: im:message:send",
 		"Newly granted scopes: im:message:send",
-		"Not granted scopes: (none)",
 		"Run `lark-cli auth status` to inspect all scopes currently granted to the account.",
 	} {
 		if !strings.Contains(got, want) {
 			t.Fatalf("stderr missing %q, got:\n%s", want, got)
 		}
 	}
+	if strings.Contains(got, "Not granted scopes:") {
+		t.Fatalf("stderr should not contain not granted scopes, got:\n%s", got)
+	}
 }
 
 func TestAuthLoginRun_DeviceCodeTokenNilCleansScopeCache(t *testing.T) {
@@ -857,6 +905,57 @@ func TestAuthLoginRun_JSONWriteFailure_NoWaitReturnsWriterError(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestAuthLoginRun_NoWaitJSONHintIncludesRawURLGuidance(t *testing.T) {
+	f, stdout, _, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{
+		ProfileName: "default",
+		AppID:       "cli_test",
+		AppSecret:   "secret",
+		Brand:       core.BrandFeishu,
+	})
+
+	reg.Register(&httpmock.Stub{
+		Method: "POST",
+		URL:    larkauth.PathDeviceAuthorization,
+		Body: map[string]interface{}{
+			"device_code":               "device-code",
+			"user_code":                 "user-code",
+			"verification_uri":          "https://example.com/verify",
+			"verification_uri_complete": "https://example.com/verify?code=123",
+			"expires_in":                240,
+			"interval":                  5,
+		},
+	})
+
+	err := authLoginRun(&LoginOptions{
+		Factory: f,
+		Ctx:     context.Background(),
+		Scope:   "im:message:send",
+		NoWait:  true,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("authLoginRun() error = %v", err)
+	}
+
+	dec := json.NewDecoder(strings.NewReader(stdout.String()))
+	var data map[string]interface{}
+	if err := dec.Decode(&data); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Decode(stdout first event) error = %v, stdout=%q", err, stdout.String())
+	}
+	hint, _ := data["hint"].(string)
+	for _, want := range []string{
+		"exactly as returned by the CLI",
+		"opaque string",
+		"Do not URL-encode or decode it",
+		"do not add %20, spaces, or punctuation",
+		"do not wrap it as Markdown link text",
+		"fenced code block containing only the raw URL",
+	} {
+		if !strings.Contains(hint, want) {
+			t.Fatalf("hint missing %q, got:\n%s", want, hint)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 func TestAuthLoginRun_JSONWriteFailure_DeviceAuthorizationReturnsWriterError(t *testing.T) {
 	f, _, _, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{
 		ProfileName: "default",
@@ -895,6 +994,60 @@ func TestAuthLoginRun_JSONWriteFailure_DeviceAuthorizationReturnsWriterError(t *
 	}
 }
 
+func TestAuthLoginRun_JSONDeviceAuthorizationAgentHintIncludesRawURLGuidance(t *testing.T) {
+	f, stdout, _, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{
+		ProfileName: "default",
+		AppID:       "cli_test",
+		AppSecret:   "secret",
+		Brand:       core.BrandFeishu,
+	})
+
+	reg.Register(&httpmock.Stub{
+		Method: "POST",
+		URL:    larkauth.PathDeviceAuthorization,
+		Body: map[string]interface{}{
+			"device_code":               "device-code",
+			"user_code":                 "user-code",
+			"verification_uri":          "https://example.com/verify",
+			"verification_uri_complete": "https://example.com/verify?code=123",
+			"expires_in":                240,
+			"interval":                  5,
+		},
+	})
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	cancel()
+	err := authLoginRun(&LoginOptions{
+		Factory: f,
+		Ctx:     ctx,
+		Scope:   "im:message:send",
+		JSON:    true,
+	})
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected error from cancelled context")
+	}
+
+	dec := json.NewDecoder(strings.NewReader(stdout.String()))
+	var data map[string]interface{}
+	if err := dec.Decode(&data); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Decode(stdout first event) error = %v, stdout=%q", err, stdout.String())
+	}
+	hint, _ := data["agent_hint"].(string)
+	for _, want := range []string{
+		"timeout >= 600s",
+		"逐字原样转发 CLI 返回的 URL",
+		"opaque string",
+		"不要做 URL 编码或解码",
+		"不要补 `%20`、空格或标点",
+		"不要改写成 Markdown 链接",
+		"只包含该 URL 的代码块单独输出",
+	} {
+		if !strings.Contains(hint, want) {
+			t.Fatalf("agent_hint missing %q, got:\n%s", want, hint)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 func TestGetDomainMetadata_ExcludesEvent(t *testing.T) {
 	domains := getDomainMetadata("zh")
 	for _, dm := range domains {

cmd/build.go

@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package cmd
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"io"
+
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/cmd/api"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/cmd/auth"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/cmd/completion"
+	cmdconfig "github.com/larksuite/cli/cmd/config"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/cmd/doctor"
+	cmdevent "github.com/larksuite/cli/cmd/event"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/cmd/profile"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/cmd/schema"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/cmd/service"
+	cmdupdate "github.com/larksuite/cli/cmd/update"
+	_ "github.com/larksuite/cli/events"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/build"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/keychain"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/shortcuts"
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+)
+
+// BuildOption configures optional aspects of the command tree construction.
+type BuildOption func(*buildConfig)
+
+type buildConfig struct {
+	streams  *cmdutil.IOStreams
+	keychain keychain.KeychainAccess
+	globals  GlobalOptions
+}
+
+// WithIO sets the IO streams for the CLI by wrapping raw reader/writers.
+// Terminal detection is delegated to cmdutil.NewIOStreams.
+func WithIO(in io.Reader, out, errOut io.Writer) BuildOption {
+	return func(c *buildConfig) {
+		c.streams = cmdutil.NewIOStreams(in, out, errOut)
+	}
+}
+
+// WithKeychain sets the secret storage backend. If not provided, the platform keychain is used.
+func WithKeychain(kc keychain.KeychainAccess) BuildOption {
+	return func(c *buildConfig) {
+		c.keychain = kc
+	}
+}
+
+// HideProfile sets the visibility policy for the root-level --profile flag.
+// When hide is true the flag stays registered (so existing invocations still
+// parse) but is omitted from help and shell completion. Typically called as
+// HideProfile(isSingleAppMode()).
+func HideProfile(hide bool) BuildOption {
+	return func(c *buildConfig) {
+		c.globals.HideProfile = hide
+	}
+}
+
+// Build constructs the full command tree without executing.
+// Returns only the cobra.Command; Factory is internal.
+// Use Execute for the standard production entry point.
+func Build(ctx context.Context, inv cmdutil.InvocationContext, opts ...BuildOption) *cobra.Command {
+	_, rootCmd := buildInternal(ctx, inv, opts...)
+	return rootCmd
+}
+
+// buildInternal is a pure assembly function: it wires the command tree from
+// inv and BuildOptions alone. Any state-dependent decision (disk, network,
+// env) belongs in the caller and must be threaded in via BuildOption.
+func buildInternal(ctx context.Context, inv cmdutil.InvocationContext, opts ...BuildOption) (*cmdutil.Factory, *cobra.Command) {
+	// cfg.globals.Profile is left zero here; it's bound to the --profile
+	// flag in RegisterGlobalFlags and filled by cobra's parse step.
+	cfg := &buildConfig{}
+	for _, o := range opts {
+		if o != nil {
+			o(cfg)
+		}
+	}
+	// Default streams when WithIO is not supplied so the root command's
+	// SetIn/Out/Err calls below don't deref nil. NewDefault also normalizes
+	// partial streams internally; keep both in sync so cfg.streams reflects
+	// the same values the Factory ends up using.
+	if cfg.streams == nil {
+		cfg.streams = cmdutil.SystemIO()
+	}
+
+	f := cmdutil.NewDefault(cfg.streams, inv)
+	if cfg.keychain != nil {
+		f.Keychain = cfg.keychain
+	}
+	rootCmd := &cobra.Command{
+		Use:     "lark-cli",
+		Short:   "Lark/Feishu CLI — OAuth authorization, UAT management, API calls",
+		Long:    rootLong,
+		Version: build.Version,
+	}
+
+	rootCmd.SetContext(ctx)
+	rootCmd.SetIn(cfg.streams.In)
+	rootCmd.SetOut(cfg.streams.Out)
+	rootCmd.SetErr(cfg.streams.ErrOut)
+
+	installTipsHelpFunc(rootCmd)
+	rootCmd.SilenceErrors = true
+
+	RegisterGlobalFlags(rootCmd.PersistentFlags(), &cfg.globals)
+	rootCmd.PersistentPreRun = func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
+		cmd.SilenceUsage = true
+		f.CurrentCommand = cmd
+	}
+
+	rootCmd.AddCommand(cmdconfig.NewCmdConfig(f))
+	rootCmd.AddCommand(auth.NewCmdAuth(f))
+	rootCmd.AddCommand(profile.NewCmdProfile(f))
+	rootCmd.AddCommand(doctor.NewCmdDoctor(f))
+	rootCmd.AddCommand(api.NewCmdApiWithContext(ctx, f, nil))
+	rootCmd.AddCommand(schema.NewCmdSchema(f, nil))
+	rootCmd.AddCommand(completion.NewCmdCompletion(f))
+	rootCmd.AddCommand(cmdupdate.NewCmdUpdate(f))
+	rootCmd.AddCommand(cmdevent.NewCmdEvents(f))
+	service.RegisterServiceCommandsWithContext(ctx, rootCmd, f)
+	shortcuts.RegisterShortcutsWithContext(ctx, rootCmd, f)
+
+	// Prune commands incompatible with strict mode.
+	if mode := f.ResolveStrictMode(ctx); mode.IsActive() {
+		pruneForStrictMode(rootCmd, mode)
+	}
+
+	return f, rootCmd
+}

cmd/build_api_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package cmd
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"context"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/vfs"
+)
+
+// noopKeychain is a zero-side-effect KeychainAccess for exercising
+// WithKeychain without touching the platform keychain.
+type noopKeychain struct{}
+
+func (noopKeychain) Get(service, account string) (string, error) { return "", nil }
+func (noopKeychain) Set(service, account, value string) error    { return nil }
+func (noopKeychain) Remove(service, account string) error        { return nil }
+
+// TestBuild_ExternalAPI asserts the library surface that external consumers
+// (e.g. cli-server) depend on: Build composes a root command from an
+// InvocationContext plus BuildOptions (WithIO, WithKeychain, HideProfile),
+// and SetDefaultFS swaps the global VFS. This test is the contract guard.
+func TestBuild_ExternalAPI(t *testing.T) {
+	// Exercise SetDefaultFS both directions. Passing nil restores the OS FS.
+	SetDefaultFS(vfs.OsFs{})
+	SetDefaultFS(nil)
+
+	var in, out, errOut bytes.Buffer
+	rootCmd := Build(
+		context.Background(),
+		cmdutil.InvocationContext{},
+		WithIO(&in, &out, &errOut),
+		WithKeychain(noopKeychain{}),
+		HideProfile(true),
+	)
+
+	if rootCmd == nil {
+		t.Fatal("Build returned nil root command")
+	}
+	if rootCmd.Use != "lark-cli" {
+		t.Errorf("rootCmd.Use = %q, want %q", rootCmd.Use, "lark-cli")
+	}
+	if len(rootCmd.Commands()) == 0 {
+		t.Error("Build produced a root command with no subcommands")
+	}
+}
+
+// TestBuild_NoOptions guards against regression of the nil-streams panic:
+// calling Build without WithIO must fall back to SystemIO rather than
+// deref nil at rootCmd.SetIn/Out/Err.
+func TestBuild_NoOptions(t *testing.T) {
+	rootCmd := Build(context.Background(), cmdutil.InvocationContext{})
+	if rootCmd == nil {
+		t.Fatal("Build returned nil root command")
+	}
+	if rootCmd.Use != "lark-cli" {
+		t.Errorf("rootCmd.Use = %q, want %q", rootCmd.Use, "lark-cli")
+	}
+}

cmd/build_memstats_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package cmd
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"runtime"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
+)
+
+// TestBuild_DefaultNoCompletionLeak verifies that, without any call to
+// SetFlagCompletionsEnabled, repeated cmd.Build invocations do not leak
+// *cobra.Command instances into cobra's package-global flag-completion map.
+//
+// This guards the new default (completions disabled) — if someone flips the
+// zero-value back to "enabled", the per-Build memory growth observed under
+// `scripts/bench_build` would resurface in production hot paths that build
+// the root command without serving a completion request.
+func TestBuild_DefaultNoCompletionLeak(t *testing.T) {
+	if cmdutil.FlagCompletionsEnabled() {
+		t.Fatalf("precondition: FlagCompletionsEnabled() = true, want false (state polluted by another test)")
+	}
+
+	snap := func() (heapMB float64, objs uint64) {
+		runtime.GC()
+		runtime.GC()
+		runtime.GC()
+		var m runtime.MemStats
+		runtime.ReadMemStats(&m)
+		return float64(m.HeapAlloc) / 1024 / 1024, m.HeapObjects
+	}
+
+	// Warm one-time caches (registry JSON decode, embed reads) so the first
+	// Build's lazy allocations don't skew the per-iteration delta.
+	_ = Build(context.Background(), cmdutil.InvocationContext{})
+	baseMB, baseObj := snap()
+
+	const N = 20
+	for range N {
+		_ = Build(context.Background(), cmdutil.InvocationContext{})
+	}
+	mb, obj := snap()
+
+	deltaMB := mb - baseMB
+	deltaObj := int64(obj) - int64(baseObj)
+	perBuildKB := deltaMB * 1024 / float64(N)
+	perBuildObj := deltaObj / int64(N)
+
+	t.Logf("%d builds: +%.2f MB, +%d objects (%.1f KB/build, %d objs/build)",
+		N, deltaMB, deltaObj, perBuildKB, perBuildObj)
+
+	// With completions disabled (the default), per-Build retained growth
+	// should be minimal. Threshold is conservative: the previously observed
+	// leak with completions enabled was ~hundreds of KB and thousands of
+	// objects per Build, well above this bound.
+	const maxKBPerBuild = 50.0
+	const maxObjsPerBuild = 500
+	if perBuildKB > maxKBPerBuild {
+		t.Errorf("per-build heap growth = %.1f KB, want <= %.1f KB (completion registration may be leaking)", perBuildKB, maxKBPerBuild)
+	}
+	if perBuildObj > maxObjsPerBuild {
+		t.Errorf("per-build object growth = %d, want <= %d", perBuildObj, maxObjsPerBuild)
+	}
+}

cmd/config/bind.go

@@ -0,0 +1,632 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package config
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/charmbracelet/huh"
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/keychain"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/output"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/validate"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/vfs"
+)
+
+// BindOptions holds all inputs for config bind.
+type BindOptions struct {
+	Factory *cmdutil.Factory
+	Source  string
+	AppID   string
+	// Identity selects one of two presets — "bot-only" or "user-default" —
+	// that expand to underlying StrictMode + DefaultAs in applyPreferences.
+	// Empty means "decide later": TUI prompts, flag mode defaults to bot-only
+	// (the safer choice — bot acts under its own identity, no impersonation
+	// risk; users can still opt into "user-default" via --identity).
+	Identity string
+
+	// Force opts in to an otherwise-blocked flag-mode transition — currently
+	// only the bot-only → user-default identity escalation. TUI mode ignores
+	// this flag because its own prompts already require human confirmation.
+	Force bool
+
+	Lang         string
+	langExplicit bool // true when --lang was explicitly passed
+
+	// Brand holds the resolved Lark product brand ("feishu" | "lark") for
+	// the account being bound. Populated after resolveAccount; TUI stages
+	// that run before that (source / account selection) render brand-aware
+	// text with an empty value, which brandDisplay falls back to Feishu.
+	Brand string
+
+	// IsTUI is the resolved interactive-mode flag: true only when Source is
+	// empty and stdin is a terminal. Computed once at the top of
+	// configBindRun; downstream branches read this instead of rechecking
+	// IOStreams.IsTerminal. Do not set from outside — it is overwritten.
+	IsTUI bool
+}
+
+// NewCmdConfigBind creates the config bind subcommand.
+func NewCmdConfigBind(f *cmdutil.Factory, runF func(*BindOptions) error) *cobra.Command {
+	opts := &BindOptions{Factory: f}
+
+	cmd := &cobra.Command{
+		Use:   "bind",
+		Short: "Bind Agent config to a workspace (source / app-id / force)",
+		Long: `Bind an AI Agent's (OpenClaw / Hermes / Lark Channel) Feishu credentials to a lark-cli workspace.
+
+--source is auto-detected from env (OPENCLAW_HOME / HERMES_HOME / LARK_CHANNEL); pass it only to override.
+
+For AI agents — DO NOT bind without user confirmation. Binding may
+overwrite an existing one and locks in an identity policy. Ask the user:
+
+  --identity bot-only      bot only (safer default; no impersonation;
+                           cannot access user resources like personal
+                           calendar / mail / drive)
+  --identity user-default  user identity allowed (impersonates the user;
+                           needed for personal-resource access)
+
+Default to bot-only if the user is unsure. Only run the command after
+the user confirms both intent and identity preset.
+
+If lark-cli is already bound and the user only wants to change identity
+policy on the SAME app, use 'config strict-mode' — that's the policy
+switch and does not require re-bind. Use 'config bind' only when the
+underlying app itself changes.
+
+Interactive terminal use: run with no flags to enter the TUI form.`,
+		Example: `  # AI flow: confirm intent + identity with user FIRST, then run:
+  lark-cli config bind --source openclaw --app-id <id> --identity bot-only
+  lark-cli config bind --source hermes --identity user-default
+  lark-cli config bind --source lark-channel
+
+  # Interactive (terminal user) — TUI prompts for everything:
+  lark-cli config bind`,
+		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+			opts.langExplicit = cmd.Flags().Changed("lang")
+			if runF != nil {
+				return runF(opts)
+			}
+			return configBindRun(opts)
+		},
+	}
+
+	cmd.Flags().StringVar(&opts.Source, "source", "", "Agent source to bind from (openclaw|hermes|lark-channel); auto-detected from env signals when omitted")
+	cmd.Flags().StringVar(&opts.AppID, "app-id", "", "App ID to bind (required for OpenClaw multi-account)")
+	cmd.Flags().StringVar(&opts.Identity, "identity", "", "identity preset (bot-only|user-default); defaults to bot-only in flag mode (safer: no impersonation)")
+	cmd.Flags().BoolVar(&opts.Force, "force", false, "confirm a risky transition (currently: bot-only → user-default identity change in flag mode)")
+	cmd.Flags().StringVar(&opts.Lang, "lang", "zh", "language for interactive prompts (zh|en)")
+
+	return cmd
+}
+
+// configBindRun is the top-level orchestrator. Each step delegates to a named
+// helper whose signature declares its contract; the body reads as the shape of
+// the bind flow itself, not its mechanics.
+func configBindRun(opts *BindOptions) error {
+	if err := validateBindFlags(opts); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// Decide TUI-vs-flag mode exactly once; every downstream branch reads
+	// opts.IsTUI instead of re-checking IOStreams.IsTerminal.
+	opts.IsTUI = opts.Source == "" && opts.Factory.IOStreams.IsTerminal
+
+	source, err := finalizeSource(opts)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	core.SetCurrentWorkspace(core.Workspace(source))
+	targetConfigPath := core.GetConfigPath()
+
+	existing, err := reconcileExistingBinding(opts, source, targetConfigPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if existing.Cancelled {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	appConfig, err := resolveAccount(opts, source)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	opts.Brand = string(appConfig.Brand)
+
+	if err := resolveIdentity(opts); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := warnIdentityEscalation(opts, existing.ConfigBytes); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	applyPreferences(appConfig, opts)
+	noticeUserDefaultRisk(opts)
+
+	return commitBinding(opts, appConfig, existing.ConfigBytes, source, targetConfigPath)
+}
+
+// existingBinding is the outcome of checking whether a workspace was already
+// bound. ConfigBytes is non-nil iff a previous binding existed (and the caller
+// should pass it to commitBinding for stale-keychain cleanup after the new
+// config is durably written). Cancelled is true iff the user declined to
+// replace it in the TUI prompt; the caller should exit cleanly.
+type existingBinding struct {
+	ConfigBytes []byte
+	Cancelled   bool
+}
+
+// finalizeSource returns the validated bind source, reconciling three inputs:
+//   - opts.Source: the value of --source (may be empty)
+//   - env signals: OPENCLAW_* / HERMES_* detected via DetectWorkspaceFromEnv
+//   - TUI mode: can prompt the user if neither flag nor env yields a source
+//
+// Resolution (in order):
+//  1. If --source is a non-empty invalid value → fail with ErrValidation.
+//  2. If both --source and an env signal are present and disagree → fail
+//     loud; the user almost certainly ran the command in the wrong context.
+//  3. TUI mode only: prompt for language first (so later prompts respect it).
+//  4. --source wins if set. Otherwise use the env-detected source. Otherwise
+//     fall back to a TUI prompt (TUI mode) or an error (flag mode).
+func finalizeSource(opts *BindOptions) (string, error) {
+	explicit := strings.TrimSpace(strings.ToLower(opts.Source))
+	if explicit != "" && explicit != "openclaw" && explicit != "hermes" && explicit != "lark-channel" {
+		return "", output.ErrValidation("invalid --source %q; valid values: openclaw, hermes, lark-channel", explicit)
+	}
+
+	var detected string
+	switch core.DetectWorkspaceFromEnv(os.Getenv) {
+	case core.WorkspaceOpenClaw:
+		detected = "openclaw"
+	case core.WorkspaceHermes:
+		detected = "hermes"
+	case core.WorkspaceLarkChannel:
+		detected = "lark-channel"
+	}
+
+	// Explicit and env detection must agree when both are present. Reject
+	// before any interactive prompts — running inside Hermes with
+	// --source openclaw (or vice versa) is almost always a mistake.
+	if explicit != "" && detected != "" && explicit != detected {
+		return "", output.ErrWithHint(output.ExitValidation, "bind",
+			fmt.Sprintf("--source %q does not match detected Agent environment (%s)", explicit, detected),
+			"remove --source to auto-detect, or run this command in the correct Agent context")
+	}
+
+	// TUI: prompt for language before any downstream prompts. The source
+	// selection itself may still be skipped entirely if --source or the
+	// env already pinned it.
+	if opts.IsTUI && !opts.langExplicit {
+		lang, err := promptLangSelection("")
+		if err != nil {
+			if err == huh.ErrUserAborted {
+				return "", output.ErrBare(1)
+			}
+			return "", err
+		}
+		opts.Lang = lang
+	}
+
+	if explicit != "" {
+		return explicit, nil
+	}
+	if detected != "" {
+		return detected, nil
+	}
+	if opts.IsTUI {
+		return tuiSelectSource(opts)
+	}
+	return "", output.ErrWithHint(output.ExitValidation, "bind",
+		"cannot determine Agent source: no --source flag and no Agent environment detected",
+		"pass --source openclaw|hermes|lark-channel, or run this command inside the corresponding Agent context")
+}
+
+// reconcileExistingBinding reads any existing config at configPath and decides
+// how to proceed. In TUI mode the user is prompted to keep or replace. In flag
+// mode the existing binding is silently overwritten — commitBinding will emit a
+// notice on success so the caller still sees that a rebind happened.
+// See existingBinding for the returned fields.
+func reconcileExistingBinding(opts *BindOptions, source, configPath string) (existingBinding, error) {
+	oldConfigData, _ := vfs.ReadFile(configPath)
+	if oldConfigData == nil {
+		return existingBinding{}, nil
+	}
+
+	if opts.IsTUI {
+		action, err := tuiConflictPrompt(opts, source, configPath)
+		if err != nil {
+			return existingBinding{}, err
+		}
+		if action == "cancel" {
+			msg := getBindMsg(opts.Lang)
+			fmt.Fprintln(opts.Factory.IOStreams.ErrOut, msg.ConflictCancelled)
+			return existingBinding{Cancelled: true}, nil
+		}
+		return existingBinding{ConfigBytes: oldConfigData}, nil
+	}
+
+	return existingBinding{ConfigBytes: oldConfigData}, nil
+}
+
+// resolveAccount runs the source-agnostic bind flow: construct the binder,
+// enumerate candidates, pick one via the shared decision layer, and build a
+// ready-to-persist AppConfig. Adding a new bind source only requires
+// implementing SourceBinder — none of the logic below needs to change.
+func resolveAccount(opts *BindOptions, source string) (*core.AppConfig, error) {
+	binder, err := newBinder(source, opts)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	candidates, err := binder.ListCandidates()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	picked, err := selectCandidate(binder, candidates, opts.AppID, opts.IsTUI,
+		func(cs []Candidate) (*Candidate, error) { return tuiSelectApp(opts, source, cs) })
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return binder.Build(picked.AppID)
+}
+
+// resolveIdentity ensures opts.Identity is set before applyPreferences runs.
+// TUI mode prompts when empty; flag mode defaults to "bot-only" — the safer
+// preset (bot acts under its own identity, no impersonation). Users who
+// want the broader capability set can pass --identity user-default.
+func resolveIdentity(opts *BindOptions) error {
+	if opts.Identity != "" {
+		return nil
+	}
+	if opts.IsTUI {
+		id, err := tuiSelectIdentity(opts)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		opts.Identity = id
+		return nil
+	}
+	opts.Identity = "bot-only"
+	return nil
+}
+
+// hasStrictBotLock reports whether the given config bytes declare a
+// bot-only lock on at least one app. Unparseable input returns false — it
+// signals "no enforceable lock to honor", consistent with how the rest of
+// the bind flow treats a corrupt previous config (commitBinding will
+// overwrite it cleanly).
+func hasStrictBotLock(data []byte) bool {
+	var multi core.MultiAppConfig
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &multi); err != nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	for _, app := range multi.Apps {
+		if app.StrictMode != nil && *app.StrictMode == core.StrictModeBot {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+// warnIdentityEscalation surfaces the risk of a flag-mode bot-only →
+// user-default identity change. Without --force, the CLI refuses so an AI
+// Agent has to relay the warning to the user and get explicit opt-in before
+// retrying. TUI mode is exempt: tuiConflictPrompt + tuiSelectIdentity
+// already require human confirmation in-flow.
+func warnIdentityEscalation(opts *BindOptions, previousConfigBytes []byte) error {
+	if opts.IsTUI || opts.Force || previousConfigBytes == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	if opts.Identity != "user-default" {
+		return nil
+	}
+	if !hasStrictBotLock(previousConfigBytes) {
+		return nil
+	}
+	msg := getBindMsg(opts.Lang)
+	return output.ErrWithHint(output.ExitValidation, "bind",
+		msg.IdentityEscalationMessage, msg.IdentityEscalationHint)
+}
+
+// noticeUserDefaultRisk surfaces the user-identity impersonation risk on every
+// flag-mode bind that lands on user-default. The bot-only → user-default
+// escalation is already covered by warnIdentityEscalation (errors out before
+// applyPreferences runs), and the TUI flow shows IdentityUserDefaultDesc
+// during identity selection — so this fires specifically for the case those
+// two miss: a fresh flag-mode bind that goes directly to user-default with
+// no previous bot lock to escalate from. Without this, AI agents finish such
+// a bind with only a "配置成功" message and never relay to the user that the
+// AI can now act under their identity.
+func noticeUserDefaultRisk(opts *BindOptions) {
+	if opts.IsTUI || opts.Identity != "user-default" {
+		return
+	}
+	msg := getBindMsg(opts.Lang)
+	fmt.Fprintln(opts.Factory.IOStreams.ErrOut, "⚠️ "+msg.IdentityEscalationMessage)
+}
+
+// applyPreferences expands the chosen identity preset into the underlying
+// StrictMode + DefaultAs on the AppConfig. Always writes both fields so the
+// profile's intent survives later changes to global strict-mode settings.
+func applyPreferences(appConfig *core.AppConfig, opts *BindOptions) {
+	switch opts.Identity {
+	case "bot-only":
+		sm := core.StrictModeBot
+		appConfig.StrictMode = &sm
+		appConfig.DefaultAs = core.AsBot
+	case "user-default":
+		sm := core.StrictModeOff
+		appConfig.StrictMode = &sm
+		appConfig.DefaultAs = core.AsUser
+	}
+	if opts.Lang != "" {
+		appConfig.Lang = opts.Lang
+	}
+}
+
+// commitBinding finalizes the bind: atomic write of the new workspace config,
+// best-effort cleanup of stale keychain entries from the previous binding (if
+// any), and a JSON success envelope. Cleanup runs only after the new config
+// is durably written — if anything fails earlier, the old workspace stays
+// usable.
+func commitBinding(opts *BindOptions, appConfig *core.AppConfig, previousConfigBytes []byte, source, configPath string) error {
+	multi := &core.MultiAppConfig{Apps: []core.AppConfig{*appConfig}}
+
+	if err := vfs.MkdirAll(core.GetConfigDir(), 0700); err != nil {
+		return output.Errorf(output.ExitInternal, "bind",
+			"failed to create workspace directory: %v", err)
+	}
+	data, err := json.MarshalIndent(multi, "", "  ")
+	if err != nil {
+		return output.Errorf(output.ExitInternal, "bind",
+			"failed to marshal config: %v", err)
+	}
+	if err := validate.AtomicWrite(configPath, append(data, '\n'), 0600); err != nil {
+		return output.Errorf(output.ExitInternal, "bind",
+			"failed to write config %s: %v", configPath, err)
+	}
+
+	replaced := previousConfigBytes != nil
+	msg := getBindMsg(opts.Lang)
+	display := sourceDisplayName(source)
+
+	if replaced {
+		cleanupKeychainFromData(opts.Factory.Keychain, previousConfigBytes, appConfig)
+	}
+
+	fmt.Fprintln(opts.Factory.IOStreams.ErrOut,
+		fmt.Sprintf(msg.BindSuccessHeader, display)+"\n"+msg.BindSuccessNotice)
+
+	// TUI mode is a human sitting at a terminal; the BindSuccess notice on
+	// stderr is enough and a machine-readable JSON dump on stdout is just
+	// noise. Flag mode (Agent orchestration, scripts, piped output) still
+	// gets the full envelope for programmatic consumption.
+	if opts.IsTUI {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	envelope := map[string]interface{}{
+		"ok":          true,
+		"workspace":   source,
+		"app_id":      appConfig.AppId,
+		"config_path": configPath,
+		"replaced":    replaced,
+		"identity":    opts.Identity,
+	}
+	brand := brandDisplay(string(appConfig.Brand), opts.Lang)
+	switch opts.Identity {
+	case "bot-only":
+		envelope["message"] = fmt.Sprintf(msg.MessageBotOnly, appConfig.AppId, display, brand)
+	case "user-default":
+		envelope["message"] = fmt.Sprintf(msg.MessageUserDefault, appConfig.AppId, display, display)
+	}
+
+	resultJSON, _ := json.Marshal(envelope)
+	fmt.Fprintln(opts.Factory.IOStreams.Out, string(resultJSON))
+	return nil
+}
+
+// cleanupKeychainFromData removes keychain entries referenced by a previous
+// config snapshot, skipping any entry whose keychain ID is still in use by
+// the new app config. This prevents rebinding the same appId from deleting
+// the secret that ForStorage just wrote (old and new secret share the same
+// keychain key, derived from appId). Best-effort: errors are silently
+// ignored (same contract as config init's cleanup).
+func cleanupKeychainFromData(kc keychain.KeychainAccess, data []byte, keep *core.AppConfig) {
+	var multi core.MultiAppConfig
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &multi); err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+	keepID := ""
+	if keep != nil && keep.AppSecret.Ref != nil && keep.AppSecret.Ref.Source == "keychain" {
+		keepID = keep.AppSecret.Ref.ID
+	}
+	for _, app := range multi.Apps {
+		if keepID != "" && app.AppSecret.Ref != nil && app.AppSecret.Ref.Source == "keychain" && app.AppSecret.Ref.ID == keepID {
+			continue
+		}
+		core.RemoveSecretStore(app.AppSecret, kc)
+	}
+}
+
+// ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+// TUI helpers (huh forms, matching config init interactive style)
+// ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+// tuiSelectSource prompts user to choose bind source.
+func tuiSelectSource(opts *BindOptions) (string, error) {
+	msg := getBindMsg(opts.Lang)
+	var source string
+
+	// Pre-select based on detected env signals
+	detected := core.DetectWorkspaceFromEnv(os.Getenv)
+	switch detected {
+	case core.WorkspaceOpenClaw:
+		source = "openclaw"
+	case core.WorkspaceHermes:
+		source = "hermes"
+	case core.WorkspaceLarkChannel:
+		source = "lark-channel"
+	default:
+		source = "openclaw" // default first option
+	}
+
+	// Resolve actual paths for display
+	openclawPath := resolveOpenClawConfigPath()
+	hermesEnvPath := resolveHermesEnvPath()
+	larkChannelPath := resolveLarkChannelConfigPath()
+
+	form := huh.NewForm(
+		huh.NewGroup(
+			huh.NewSelect[string]().
+				Title(msg.SelectSource).
+				Description(fmt.Sprintf(msg.SelectSourceDesc, brandDisplay(opts.Brand, opts.Lang))).
+				Options(
+					huh.NewOption(fmt.Sprintf(msg.SourceOpenClaw, openclawPath), "openclaw"),
+					huh.NewOption(fmt.Sprintf(msg.SourceHermes, hermesEnvPath), "hermes"),
+					huh.NewOption(fmt.Sprintf(msg.SourceLarkChannel, larkChannelPath), "lark-channel"),
+				).
+				Value(&source),
+		),
+	).WithTheme(cmdutil.ThemeFeishu())
+
+	if err := form.Run(); err != nil {
+		if err == huh.ErrUserAborted {
+			return "", output.ErrBare(1)
+		}
+		return "", err
+	}
+	return source, nil
+}
+
+// tuiSelectApp prompts the user to choose from multiple account candidates.
+// Invoked only via selectCandidate's tuiPrompt callback, and only in TUI mode.
+func tuiSelectApp(opts *BindOptions, source string, candidates []Candidate) (*Candidate, error) {
+	msg := getBindMsg(opts.Lang)
+	options := make([]huh.Option[int], 0, len(candidates))
+	for i, c := range candidates {
+		label := c.AppID
+		if c.Label != "" {
+			label = fmt.Sprintf("%s (%s)", c.Label, c.AppID)
+		}
+		options = append(options, huh.NewOption(label, i))
+	}
+
+	var selected int
+	form := huh.NewForm(
+		huh.NewGroup(
+			huh.NewSelect[int]().
+				Title(fmt.Sprintf(msg.SelectAccount, sourceDisplayName(source), brandDisplay(opts.Brand, opts.Lang))).
+				Options(options...).
+				Value(&selected),
+		),
+	).WithTheme(cmdutil.ThemeFeishu())
+
+	if err := form.Run(); err != nil {
+		if err == huh.ErrUserAborted {
+			return nil, output.ErrBare(1)
+		}
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return &candidates[selected], nil
+}
+
+// tuiConflictPrompt shows existing binding and asks user to Force or Cancel.
+func tuiConflictPrompt(opts *BindOptions, source, configPath string) (string, error) {
+	msg := getBindMsg(opts.Lang)
+
+	// Build existing binding summary
+	existingSummary := fmt.Sprintf(msg.ConflictDesc, source, "?", "?", configPath)
+	if data, err := vfs.ReadFile(configPath); err == nil {
+		var multi core.MultiAppConfig
+		if json.Unmarshal(data, &multi) == nil && len(multi.Apps) > 0 {
+			app := multi.Apps[0]
+			existingSummary = fmt.Sprintf(msg.ConflictDesc,
+				source, app.AppId, app.Brand, configPath)
+		}
+	}
+
+	var action string
+	form := huh.NewForm(
+		huh.NewGroup(
+			huh.NewNote().
+				Title(msg.ConflictTitle).
+				Description(existingSummary),
+			huh.NewSelect[string]().
+				Options(
+					huh.NewOption(msg.ConflictForce, "force"),
+					huh.NewOption(msg.ConflictCancel, "cancel"),
+				).
+				Value(&action),
+		),
+	).WithTheme(cmdutil.ThemeFeishu())
+
+	if err := form.Run(); err != nil {
+		if err == huh.ErrUserAborted {
+			return "cancel", nil
+		}
+		return "", err
+	}
+	return action, nil
+}
+
+// indent prepends two spaces to every line of s. Used to visually nest
+// multi-line option descriptions under their label in tuiSelectIdentity.
+func indent(s string) string {
+	return "  " + strings.ReplaceAll(s, "\n", "\n  ")
+}
+
+// validateBindFlags validates enum flags early, before any side effects.
+func validateBindFlags(opts *BindOptions) error {
+	if opts.Identity != "" {
+		switch opts.Identity {
+		case "bot-only", "user-default":
+		default:
+			return output.ErrValidation("invalid --identity %q; valid values: bot-only, user-default", opts.Identity)
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// tuiSelectIdentity prompts user to pick one of two identity presets.
+// bot-only is listed first so Enter on the default highlight maps to the
+// flag-mode default for consistency across the two modes, and also because
+// bot-only is the safer preset (no impersonation risk).
+//
+// Layout: each option's description is embedded under its label using a
+// multi-line option value. huh styles the whole option block (label +
+// indented description) as selected / unselected, giving a clear visual
+// mapping between picker rows and their explanations — the dynamic
+// DescriptionFunc approach breaks here because a longer description on
+// hover pushes options out of the field's initial viewport.
+func tuiSelectIdentity(opts *BindOptions) (string, error) {
+	msg := getBindMsg(opts.Lang)
+	brand := brandDisplay(opts.Brand, opts.Lang)
+	botLabel := msg.IdentityBotOnly + "\n" + indent(fmt.Sprintf(msg.IdentityBotOnlyDesc, brand))
+	userLabel := msg.IdentityUserDefault + "\n" + indent(fmt.Sprintf(msg.IdentityUserDefaultDesc, brand, brand))
+	var value string
+	form := huh.NewForm(
+		huh.NewGroup(
+			huh.NewSelect[string]().
+				Title(msg.SelectIdentity).
+				Options(
+					huh.NewOption(botLabel, "bot-only"),
+					huh.NewOption(userLabel, "user-default"),
+				).
+				Value(&value),
+		),
+	).WithTheme(cmdutil.ThemeFeishu())
+
+	if err := form.Run(); err != nil {
+		if err == huh.ErrUserAborted {
+			return "", output.ErrBare(1)
+		}
+		return "", err
+	}
+	return value, nil
+}

cmd/config/bind_messages.go

@@ -0,0 +1,175 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package config
+
+// bindMsg holds all TUI text for config bind, supporting zh/en via --lang.
+//
+// Brand-aware strings use a %s slot where the UI-friendly product name
+// should appear; callers pass brandDisplay(brand, lang) at that position.
+// English templates use %[N]s positional indices when the natural English
+// order puts brand before source.
+type bindMsg struct {
+	// Source selection.
+	// SelectSourceDesc format: brand.
+	SelectSource      string
+	SelectSourceDesc  string
+	SourceOpenClaw    string // format: resolved config path.
+	SourceHermes      string // format: resolved dotenv path.
+	SourceLarkChannel string // format: resolved config path.
+
+	// Account selection (OpenClaw multi-account).
+	// Format: source display name ("OpenClaw" | "Hermes"), brand.
+	SelectAccount string
+
+	// Conflict prompt.
+	ConflictTitle     string
+	ConflictDesc      string // format: workspace, appId, brand, configPath.
+	ConflictForce     string
+	ConflictCancel    string
+	ConflictCancelled string
+
+	// Post-bind agent-friendly message emitted in the stdout JSON envelope's
+	// "message" field. Written as imperative instructions to the agent reading
+	// the JSON — not as description for a human reader.
+	// MessageBotOnly format: app_id, source display name, brand.
+	// MessageUserDefault format: app_id, source display name, source display
+	// name (second source ref anchors the "run in this chat" directive).
+	// MessageUserDefault directs the Agent at the blocking single-call
+	// `auth login --recommend` flow: the CLI streams verification_url to
+	// stderr, which Agent runtimes (OpenClaw, Hermes) relay to the user in
+	// real time, then blocks until the user authorizes in their own browser.
+	// The Agent also needs an explicit "do not navigate the URL yourself"
+	// guard — its own browser is sandboxed and cannot complete the user's
+	// authorization.
+	MessageBotOnly     string
+	MessageUserDefault string
+
+	// Identity preset (collapses strict-mode + default-as into one choice).
+	// IdentityBotOnly/IdentityUserDefault are short, single-line labels for
+	// the huh Select options. IdentityBotOnlyDesc / IdentityUserDefaultDesc
+	// carry the longer explanation for each choice; tuiSelectIdentity
+	// embeds the description under its label as a multi-line option value,
+	// so huh renders the whole "label + indented description" block as one
+	// picker row and styles it selected / unselected as a unit. Dynamic
+	// DescriptionFunc was tried first but breaks here: a longer description
+	// on hover pushes the field's initial viewport, clipping the selected
+	// option row on terminals that fit the smaller description.
+	// IdentityBotOnlyDesc format: brand.
+	// IdentityUserDefaultDesc format: brand, brand.
+	SelectIdentity          string
+	IdentityBotOnly         string
+	IdentityUserDefault     string
+	IdentityBotOnlyDesc     string
+	IdentityUserDefaultDesc string
+
+	// Post-bind success notice printed to stderr once the workspace config
+	// has been durably written. Rendered as two parts joined with "\n":
+	//   BindSuccessHeader — format: source display name.
+	//   BindSuccessNotice — caveat about one-time sync.
+	// We intentionally do NOT emit a "replaced" suffix here (the TUI already
+	// asked the user to confirm overwrite; flag mode carries `replaced:true`
+	// in the stdout JSON envelope), and we do NOT emit an inline "next step"
+	// line for user-default (stderr is the human channel; agents read the
+	// MessageUserDefault field in the JSON envelope).
+	BindSuccessHeader string
+	BindSuccessNotice string
+
+	// IdentityEscalationMessage / IdentityEscalationHint are returned when a
+	// previous bind set the workspace to bot-only and a flag-mode (AI-driven)
+	// caller tries to rebind with --identity user-default without --force.
+	// The error asks the Agent to surface the risk to the user and re-run
+	// with --force only after explicit user confirmation. TUI mode does not
+	// hit this code path — tuiConflictPrompt + tuiSelectIdentity already
+	// require in-flow human confirmation.
+	IdentityEscalationMessage string
+	IdentityEscalationHint    string
+}
+
+var bindMsgZh = &bindMsg{
+	SelectSource:      "你想在哪个 Agent 中使用 lark-cli?",
+	SelectSourceDesc:  "从你选择的 Agent 中获取%s应用信息，并配置到 lark-cli 中",
+	SourceOpenClaw:    "OpenClaw — 配置文件: %s",
+	SourceHermes:      "Hermes — 配置文件: %s",
+	SourceLarkChannel: "Lark Channel — 配置文件: %s",
+
+	SelectAccount: "检测到 %s 中已配置多个%s应用，请选择一个",
+
+	ConflictTitle:     "检测到已有配置",
+	ConflictDesc:      "%q 已配置 lark-cli:\n  App ID:  %s\n  品牌:    %s\n  配置文件: %s",
+	ConflictForce:     "修改配置",
+	ConflictCancel:    "保留当前配置",
+	ConflictCancelled: "已保留当前配置",
+
+	MessageBotOnly:     "已绑定应用 %s 到 %s，可立即以应用（bot）身份调用%s API，现在可以继续执行用户的请求。",
+	MessageUserDefault: "已绑定应用 %s 到 %s。请接着在此 %s 对话中运行 `lark-cli auth login --recommend`。该命令会在 stderr 打出 verification_url 后阻塞等待用户授权；请将此链接原样发给用户在其浏览器中完成授权（不要自己调 browser_navigate 之类的工具打开，授权必须在用户的浏览器里完成），命令会在用户授权完成后自动返回。",
+
+	SelectIdentity:      "你希望 AI 如何与你协作？",
+	IdentityBotOnly:     "以机器人身份",
+	IdentityUserDefault: "以你的身份",
+	IdentityBotOnlyDesc: "AI 将在%s中以机器人的身份执行所有操作，适合作为团队助手，用于多人协作场景，如群聊问答、团队通知、公共文档维护。",
+	IdentityUserDefaultDesc: "AI 将在%s中以你的名义执行所有操作，如读写文档、搜索消息、修改日程等，建议仅限个人使用。\n" +
+		"⚠️  请勿将此机器人分享给他人或拉入群聊中使用，以免泄露你的%s数据。",
+
+	BindSuccessHeader: "配置成功！lark-cli 已可在 %s 中使用。",
+	BindSuccessNotice: "注意：这是一次性同步，后续 Agent 配置变更不会自动更新到 lark-cli。如需重新同步，请执行 `lark-cli config bind`",
+
+	IdentityEscalationMessage: "你正在从应用身份切换到用户身份 —— 切换后 AI 将以你的名义在飞书中执行所有操作（读写文档、搜索消息、修改日程等）。⚠️ 请勿将此机器人分享给他人或拉入群聊中使用，以免泄露你的飞书数据。",
+	IdentityEscalationHint:    "若用户确认切换，附加 --force 重新运行：`lark-cli config bind --identity user-default --force`",
+}
+
+var bindMsgEn = &bindMsg{
+	SelectSource:      "Which Agent are you running?",
+	SelectSourceDesc:  "lark-cli will read your %s app credentials from the selected Agent and apply them automatically.",
+	SourceOpenClaw:    "OpenClaw — config: %s",
+	SourceHermes:      "Hermes — config: %s",
+	SourceLarkChannel: "Lark Channel — config: %s",
+
+	// Args order (source, brand) matches the Chinese template; %[N]s lets the
+	// English reading order differ while the caller passes args in one order.
+	SelectAccount: "Multiple %[2]s apps configured in %[1]s — select one to continue.",
+
+	ConflictTitle:     "Existing configuration found",
+	ConflictDesc:      "lark-cli is already set up for %q:\n  App ID:  %s\n  Brand:   %s\n  Config:  %s",
+	ConflictForce:     "Update config",
+	ConflictCancel:    "Keep current config",
+	ConflictCancelled: "Current config kept. No changes made.",
+
+	MessageBotOnly:     "Bound app %s to %s. The %s app (bot) identity is ready — you can now continue with the user's request.",
+	MessageUserDefault: "Bound app %s to %s. Next, in this %s chat, run `lark-cli auth login --recommend`. The command prints the verification URL to stderr and then blocks until the user authorizes it; relay the URL to the user so they can approve it in their own browser (do not call browser_navigate or any tool that opens a browser yourself — your browser is sandboxed and cannot complete the authorization). The command returns automatically once authorization completes.",
+
+	SelectIdentity:      "How should the AI work with you?",
+	IdentityBotOnly:     "As bot",
+	IdentityUserDefault: "As you",
+	IdentityBotOnlyDesc: "Works under its own identity in %s. Best for group chats, team notifications, and shared documents.",
+	IdentityUserDefaultDesc: "Works under your identity in %s, managing docs, messages, calendar, and more on your behalf. Personal use only.\n" +
+		"⚠️  Don't share this bot with others or add it to group chats. It has access to your personal %s data.",
+
+	BindSuccessHeader: "All set! lark-cli is now ready to use in %s.",
+	BindSuccessNotice: "Note: This is a one-time sync. To re-sync future changes, run `lark-cli config bind`",
+
+	IdentityEscalationMessage: "you are switching from bot-only to user-default — the AI will then act under your Feishu identity for all operations (docs, messages, calendar, etc.). ⚠️ Don't share this bot with others or add it to group chats. It has access to your personal Feishu data.",
+	IdentityEscalationHint:    "if the user confirms the switch, re-run with --force: `lark-cli config bind --identity user-default --force`",
+}
+
+func getBindMsg(lang string) *bindMsg {
+	if lang == "en" {
+		return bindMsgEn
+	}
+	return bindMsgZh
+}
+
+// brandDisplay returns the UI-friendly product name for the given brand
+// identifier and display language. "lark" maps to "Lark" in both zh and en.
+// "feishu" (or empty / unknown) maps to "飞书" in zh and "Feishu" in en —
+// this is the safe default when the brand hasn't been resolved yet (for
+// example, on the pre-binding source-selection screen).
+func brandDisplay(brand, lang string) string {
+	if brand == "lark" || brand == "Lark" || brand == "LARK" {
+		return "Lark"
+	}
+	if lang == "en" {
+		return "Feishu"
+	}
+	return "飞书"
+}

cmd/config/bind_warning_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package config
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
+)
+
+// runHermesBindWithIdentity boots a Hermes-shaped fake env, runs `config bind`
+// with the given identity preset in flag (non-TUI) mode, and returns captured
+// stderr. Hermes is the simplest source to fake (single .env file).
+func runHermesBindWithIdentity(t *testing.T, identity string) string {
+	t.Helper()
+	saveWorkspace(t)
+	configDir := t.TempDir()
+	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", configDir)
+
+	hermesHome := t.TempDir()
+	t.Setenv("HERMES_HOME", hermesHome)
+	envContent := "FEISHU_APP_ID=cli_hermes_abc\nFEISHU_APP_SECRET=hermes_secret_123\nFEISHU_DOMAIN=lark\n"
+	if err := os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(hermesHome, ".env"), []byte(envContent), 0600); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("write .env: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	f, _, stderr, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, nil)
+	err := configBindRun(&BindOptions{
+		Factory:  f,
+		Source:   "hermes",
+		Identity: identity,
+		Lang:     "zh",
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("bind failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	return stderr.String()
+}
+
+// TestConfigBindRun_UserDefaultIdentity_WarnsAboutImpersonation covers the
+// gap that previously slipped through: a fresh flag-mode bind landing on
+// user-default. warnIdentityEscalation requires a previous bot lock to fire,
+// and IdentityUserDefaultDesc only renders in TUI selection — so without
+// noticeUserDefaultRisk the user/AI never see the impersonation risk on a
+// first-time user-default bind.
+func TestConfigBindRun_UserDefaultIdentity_WarnsAboutImpersonation(t *testing.T) {
+	out := runHermesBindWithIdentity(t, "user-default")
+	if !strings.Contains(out, bindMsgZh.IdentityEscalationMessage) {
+		t.Errorf("user-default bind must surface IdentityEscalationMessage; got: %s", out)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestConfigBindRun_BotOnlyIdentity_NoImpersonationWarning(t *testing.T) {
+	out := runHermesBindWithIdentity(t, "bot-only")
+	if strings.Contains(out, bindMsgZh.IdentityEscalationMessage) {
+		t.Errorf("bot-only bind must NOT warn about impersonation; got: %s", out)
+	}
+}

cmd/config/binder.go

@@ -0,0 +1,489 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package config
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/binding"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/output"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/vfs"
+)
+
+// Candidate is the source-agnostic view of a bindable account.
+// It carries only the identity fields needed by selectCandidate / TUI;
+// secrets remain inside the SourceBinder implementation.
+type Candidate struct {
+	AppID string
+	Label string
+}
+
+// SourceBinder abstracts a bind source (openclaw / hermes / future sources).
+// Implementations only list candidates and build an AppConfig for a chosen
+// candidate — they stay out of mode (TUI vs flag) and orchestration concerns.
+type SourceBinder interface {
+	// Name returns the source identifier (used in error envelopes).
+	Name() string
+	// ConfigPath returns the resolved path to the source's config file.
+	ConfigPath() string
+	// ListCandidates enumerates bindable accounts from the source config.
+	// An empty slice is valid (selectCandidate will turn it into a typed error).
+	ListCandidates() ([]Candidate, error)
+	// Build resolves secrets, persists to keychain, and returns a ready AppConfig
+	// for the chosen candidate AppID. Must be called after ListCandidates succeeds.
+	Build(appID string) (*core.AppConfig, error)
+}
+
+// newBinder constructs the SourceBinder for the given source name.
+func newBinder(source string, opts *BindOptions) (SourceBinder, error) {
+	switch source {
+	case "openclaw":
+		return &openclawBinder{opts: opts, path: resolveOpenClawConfigPath()}, nil
+	case "hermes":
+		return &hermesBinder{opts: opts, path: resolveHermesEnvPath()}, nil
+	case "lark-channel":
+		return &larkChannelBinder{opts: opts, path: resolveLarkChannelConfigPath()}, nil
+	default:
+		return nil, output.ErrValidation("unsupported source: %s", source)
+	}
+}
+
+// selectCandidate is the single source of truth for account-selection logic.
+// Every bind source funnels through this function, so the "how many
+// candidates × was --app-id given × is this TUI" policy is defined once.
+//
+// Decision matrix:
+//
+//	candidates=0                              → error "no app configured"
+//	appID set,   match                        → selected
+//	appID set,   no match                     → error + candidate list
+//	candidates=1, appID=""                    → auto-select
+//	candidates≥2, appID="", isTUI=true        → tuiPrompt
+//	candidates≥2, appID="", isTUI=false       → error + candidate list
+//
+// The last branch is the one that matters for flag-mode callers: an explicit
+// --source must never silently drop into an interactive prompt just because
+// stdin happens to be a terminal.
+func selectCandidate(
+	binder SourceBinder,
+	candidates []Candidate,
+	appIDFlag string,
+	isTUI bool,
+	tuiPrompt func([]Candidate) (*Candidate, error),
+) (*Candidate, error) {
+	src := binder.Name()
+	cfgBase := filepath.Base(binder.ConfigPath())
+
+	if len(candidates) == 0 {
+		// Reader succeeded but yielded nothing — e.g. every openclaw account
+		// is disabled. Missing-file / missing-field cases return typed errors
+		// from ListCandidates itself and never reach here.
+		switch src {
+		case "openclaw":
+			return nil, output.ErrWithHint(output.ExitValidation, src,
+				"no Feishu app configured in openclaw.json",
+				"configure channels.feishu.appId in openclaw.json")
+		default:
+			return nil, output.ErrValidation("%s: no app configured", src)
+		}
+	}
+
+	if appIDFlag != "" {
+		for i := range candidates {
+			if candidates[i].AppID == appIDFlag {
+				return &candidates[i], nil
+			}
+		}
+		return nil, output.ErrWithHint(output.ExitValidation, src,
+			fmt.Sprintf("--app-id %q not found in %s", appIDFlag, cfgBase),
+			fmt.Sprintf("available app IDs:\n  %s", formatCandidates(candidates)))
+	}
+
+	if len(candidates) == 1 {
+		return &candidates[0], nil
+	}
+
+	if isTUI {
+		return tuiPrompt(candidates)
+	}
+
+	return nil, output.ErrWithHint(output.ExitValidation, src,
+		fmt.Sprintf("multiple accounts in %s; pass --app-id <id>", cfgBase),
+		fmt.Sprintf("available app IDs:\n  %s", formatCandidates(candidates)))
+}
+
+// formatCandidates renders candidates as "AppID (Label)" lines for error hints.
+func formatCandidates(candidates []Candidate) string {
+	ids := make([]string, 0, len(candidates))
+	for _, c := range candidates {
+		label := c.AppID
+		if c.Label != "" {
+			label = fmt.Sprintf("%s (%s)", c.AppID, c.Label)
+		}
+		ids = append(ids, label)
+	}
+	return strings.Join(ids, "\n  ")
+}
+
+// ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+// openclawBinder
+// ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+type openclawBinder struct {
+	opts *BindOptions
+	path string
+
+	// Cached between ListCandidates and Build so we don't re-read / re-parse.
+	cfg     *binding.OpenClawRoot
+	rawApps []binding.CandidateApp
+}
+
+func (b *openclawBinder) Name() string       { return "openclaw" }
+func (b *openclawBinder) ConfigPath() string { return b.path }
+
+func (b *openclawBinder) ListCandidates() ([]Candidate, error) {
+	cfg, err := binding.ReadOpenClawConfig(b.path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, output.ErrWithHint(output.ExitValidation, "openclaw",
+			fmt.Sprintf("cannot read %s: %v", b.path, err),
+			"verify OpenClaw is installed and configured")
+	}
+	if cfg.Channels.Feishu == nil {
+		return nil, output.ErrWithHint(output.ExitValidation, "openclaw",
+			"openclaw.json missing channels.feishu section",
+			"configure Feishu in OpenClaw first")
+	}
+
+	raw := binding.ListCandidateApps(cfg.Channels.Feishu)
+	b.cfg = cfg
+	b.rawApps = raw
+
+	result := make([]Candidate, 0, len(raw))
+	for _, c := range raw {
+		result = append(result, Candidate{AppID: c.AppID, Label: c.Label})
+	}
+	return result, nil
+}
+
+func (b *openclawBinder) Build(appID string) (*core.AppConfig, error) {
+	if b.cfg == nil {
+		return nil, output.Errorf(output.ExitInternal, "openclaw",
+			"internal: Build called before ListCandidates")
+	}
+
+	var selected *binding.CandidateApp
+	for i := range b.rawApps {
+		if b.rawApps[i].AppID == appID {
+			selected = &b.rawApps[i]
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	if selected == nil {
+		return nil, output.Errorf(output.ExitInternal, "openclaw",
+			"internal: appID %q not in candidates", appID)
+	}
+
+	if selected.AppSecret.IsZero() {
+		return nil, output.ErrWithHint(output.ExitValidation, "openclaw",
+			fmt.Sprintf("appSecret is empty for app %s in %s", selected.AppID, b.path),
+			"configure channels.feishu.appSecret in openclaw.json")
+	}
+	secret, err := binding.ResolveSecretInput(selected.AppSecret, b.cfg.Secrets, os.Getenv)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, output.ErrWithHint(output.ExitValidation, "openclaw",
+			fmt.Sprintf("failed to resolve appSecret for %s: %v", selected.AppID, err),
+			fmt.Sprintf("check appSecret configuration in %s", b.path))
+	}
+
+	stored, err := core.ForStorage(selected.AppID, core.PlainSecret(secret), b.opts.Factory.Keychain)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, output.Errorf(output.ExitInternal, "openclaw",
+			"keychain unavailable: %v\nhint: use file: reference in config to bypass keychain", err)
+	}
+
+	return &core.AppConfig{
+		AppId:     selected.AppID,
+		AppSecret: stored,
+		Brand:     core.LarkBrand(normalizeBrand(selected.Brand)),
+	}, nil
+}
+
+// ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+// hermesBinder
+// ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+type hermesBinder struct {
+	opts   *BindOptions
+	path   string
+	envMap map[string]string // cached between ListCandidates and Build
+}
+
+func (b *hermesBinder) Name() string       { return "hermes" }
+func (b *hermesBinder) ConfigPath() string { return b.path }
+
+func (b *hermesBinder) ListCandidates() ([]Candidate, error) {
+	envMap, err := readDotenv(b.path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, output.ErrWithHint(output.ExitValidation, "hermes",
+			fmt.Sprintf("failed to read Hermes config: %v", err),
+			fmt.Sprintf("verify Hermes is installed and configured at %s", b.path))
+	}
+	appID := envMap["FEISHU_APP_ID"]
+	if appID == "" {
+		return nil, output.ErrWithHint(output.ExitValidation, "hermes",
+			fmt.Sprintf("FEISHU_APP_ID not found in %s", b.path),
+			"run 'hermes setup' to configure Feishu credentials")
+	}
+	b.envMap = envMap
+	return []Candidate{{AppID: appID, Label: "default"}}, nil
+}
+
+func (b *hermesBinder) Build(appID string) (*core.AppConfig, error) {
+	if b.envMap == nil {
+		return nil, output.Errorf(output.ExitInternal, "hermes",
+			"internal: Build called before ListCandidates")
+	}
+	if b.envMap["FEISHU_APP_ID"] != appID {
+		return nil, output.Errorf(output.ExitInternal, "hermes",
+			"internal: appID %q does not match env", appID)
+	}
+	appSecret := b.envMap["FEISHU_APP_SECRET"]
+	if appSecret == "" {
+		return nil, output.ErrWithHint(output.ExitValidation, "hermes",
+			fmt.Sprintf("FEISHU_APP_SECRET not found in %s", b.path),
+			"run 'hermes setup' to configure Feishu credentials")
+	}
+
+	stored, err := core.ForStorage(appID, core.PlainSecret(appSecret), b.opts.Factory.Keychain)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, output.Errorf(output.ExitInternal, "hermes",
+			"keychain unavailable: %v\nhint: use file: reference in config to bypass keychain", err)
+	}
+
+	return &core.AppConfig{
+		AppId:     appID,
+		AppSecret: stored,
+		Brand:     core.LarkBrand(normalizeBrand(b.envMap["FEISHU_DOMAIN"])),
+	}, nil
+}
+
+// ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+// larkChannelBinder
+// ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+type larkChannelBinder struct {
+	opts *BindOptions
+	path string
+
+	// Cached between ListCandidates and Build so we don't re-read the file.
+	cfg *binding.LarkChannelRoot
+}
+
+func (b *larkChannelBinder) Name() string       { return "lark-channel" }
+func (b *larkChannelBinder) ConfigPath() string { return b.path }
+
+func (b *larkChannelBinder) ListCandidates() ([]Candidate, error) {
+	cfg, err := binding.ReadLarkChannelConfig(b.path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, output.ErrWithHint(output.ExitValidation, "lark-channel",
+			fmt.Sprintf("cannot read %s: %v", b.path, err),
+			"verify lark-channel-bridge is installed and configured")
+	}
+	if cfg.Accounts.App.ID == "" {
+		return nil, output.ErrWithHint(output.ExitValidation, "lark-channel",
+			fmt.Sprintf("accounts.app.id missing in %s", b.path),
+			"run lark-channel-bridge's setup to populate the app credential")
+	}
+	b.cfg = cfg
+	return []Candidate{{AppID: cfg.Accounts.App.ID, Label: "default"}}, nil
+}
+
+func (b *larkChannelBinder) Build(appID string) (*core.AppConfig, error) {
+	if b.cfg == nil {
+		return nil, output.Errorf(output.ExitInternal, "lark-channel",
+			"internal: Build called before ListCandidates")
+	}
+	if b.cfg.Accounts.App.ID != appID {
+		return nil, output.Errorf(output.ExitInternal, "lark-channel",
+			"internal: appID %q does not match config", appID)
+	}
+	if b.cfg.Accounts.App.Secret == "" {
+		return nil, output.ErrWithHint(output.ExitValidation, "lark-channel",
+			fmt.Sprintf("accounts.app.secret is empty in %s", b.path),
+			"run lark-channel-bridge's setup to populate the app credential")
+	}
+
+	stored, err := core.ForStorage(appID, core.PlainSecret(b.cfg.Accounts.App.Secret), b.opts.Factory.Keychain)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, output.Errorf(output.ExitInternal, "lark-channel",
+			"keychain unavailable: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	return &core.AppConfig{
+		AppId:     appID,
+		AppSecret: stored,
+		Brand:     core.LarkBrand(normalizeBrand(b.cfg.Accounts.App.Tenant)),
+	}, nil
+}
+
+// ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+// Source-specific helpers (path / dotenv / brand) — kept private to this package.
+// Moved here from bind.go so bind.go can focus on orchestration.
+// ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+// sourceDisplayName returns the user-facing label for a source identifier,
+// matching the casing used in bind_messages.go (OpenClaw / Hermes).
+func sourceDisplayName(source string) string {
+	switch source {
+	case "openclaw":
+		return "OpenClaw"
+	case "hermes":
+		return "Hermes"
+	case "lark-channel":
+		return "Lark Channel"
+	default:
+		return source
+	}
+}
+
+// normalizeBrand applies .strip().lower() and defaults to "feishu".
+// Aligns with Hermes gateway/platforms/feishu.py:1119 behavior.
+func normalizeBrand(raw string) string {
+	s := strings.TrimSpace(strings.ToLower(raw))
+	if s == "" {
+		return "feishu"
+	}
+	return s
+}
+
+// resolveHermesEnvPath returns the path to Hermes's .env file.
+// Respects HERMES_HOME override; defaults to ~/.hermes/.env.
+//
+// Note: HERMES_HOME is typically unset when users run bind from a regular
+// terminal. When AI agents execute bind within a Hermes subprocess, HERMES_HOME
+// may be set and should be respected.
+func resolveHermesEnvPath() string {
+	hermesHome := os.Getenv("HERMES_HOME")
+	if hermesHome == "" {
+		home, err := vfs.UserHomeDir()
+		if err != nil || home == "" {
+			fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "warning: unable to determine home directory: %v\n", err)
+		}
+		hermesHome = filepath.Join(home, ".hermes")
+	}
+	return filepath.Join(hermesHome, ".env")
+}
+
+// resolveLarkChannelConfigPath returns the path to lark-channel-bridge's
+// config.json. Mirrors the bridge's src/config/paths.ts which hardcodes
+// ~/.lark-channel/config.json with no env override — multi-instance is not
+// a supported scenario today.
+func resolveLarkChannelConfigPath() string {
+	home, err := vfs.UserHomeDir()
+	if err != nil || home == "" {
+		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "warning: unable to determine home directory: %v\n", err)
+	}
+	return filepath.Join(home, ".lark-channel", "config.json")
+}
+
+// resolveOpenClawConfigPath resolves openclaw.json path using the same priority
+// chain as OpenClaw's src/config/paths.ts:
+//  1. OPENCLAW_CONFIG_PATH env → exact file path
+//  2. OPENCLAW_STATE_DIR env → <dir>/openclaw.json
+//  3. OPENCLAW_HOME env → <home>/.openclaw/openclaw.json
+//  4. ~/.openclaw/openclaw.json (default)
+//  5. Legacy: ~/.clawdbot/clawdbot.json, ~/.openclaw/clawdbot.json
+func resolveOpenClawConfigPath() string {
+	if p := os.Getenv("OPENCLAW_CONFIG_PATH"); p != "" {
+		return expandHome(p)
+	}
+
+	if stateDir := os.Getenv("OPENCLAW_STATE_DIR"); stateDir != "" {
+		dir := expandHome(stateDir)
+		return findConfigInDir(dir)
+	}
+
+	home := os.Getenv("OPENCLAW_HOME")
+	if home == "" {
+		h, err := vfs.UserHomeDir()
+		if err != nil || h == "" {
+			fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "warning: unable to determine home directory: %v\n", err)
+		}
+		home = h
+	} else {
+		home = expandHome(home)
+	}
+
+	newDir := filepath.Join(home, ".openclaw")
+	if configFile := findConfigInDir(newDir); fileExists(configFile) {
+		return configFile
+	}
+
+	legacyDir := filepath.Join(home, ".clawdbot")
+	if configFile := findConfigInDir(legacyDir); fileExists(configFile) {
+		return configFile
+	}
+
+	return filepath.Join(newDir, "openclaw.json")
+}
+
+func findConfigInDir(dir string) string {
+	primary := filepath.Join(dir, "openclaw.json")
+	if fileExists(primary) {
+		return primary
+	}
+	legacy := filepath.Join(dir, "clawdbot.json")
+	if fileExists(legacy) {
+		return legacy
+	}
+	return primary
+}
+
+func fileExists(path string) bool {
+	_, err := vfs.Stat(path)
+	return err == nil
+}
+
+func expandHome(path string) string {
+	if strings.HasPrefix(path, "~/") || path == "~" {
+		home, err := vfs.UserHomeDir()
+		if err != nil {
+			return path
+		}
+		return filepath.Join(home, path[1:])
+	}
+	return path
+}
+
+// readDotenv reads a KEY=VALUE .env file. Comments (#) and blank lines skipped.
+// Matches Hermes's load_env() in hermes_cli/config.py.
+func readDotenv(path string) (map[string]string, error) {
+	data, err := vfs.ReadFile(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	result := make(map[string]string)
+	lines := strings.Split(string(data), "\n")
+	for _, line := range lines {
+		line = strings.TrimSpace(line)
+		if line == "" || strings.HasPrefix(line, "#") {
+			continue
+		}
+		idx := strings.IndexByte(line, '=')
+		if idx < 0 {
+			continue
+		}
+		key := strings.TrimSpace(line[:idx])
+		value := strings.TrimSpace(line[idx+1:])
+		if key != "" {
+			result[key] = value
+		}
+	}
+	return result, nil
+}

cmd/config/binder_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,175 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package config
+
+import (
+	"reflect"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/output"
+)
+
+// fakeBinder is a test double for SourceBinder. selectCandidate only touches
+// Name and ConfigPath (for error messages); ListCandidates/Build are not called
+// from selectCandidate, so we can leave them as no-ops.
+type fakeBinder struct {
+	name string
+	path string
+}
+
+func (b *fakeBinder) Name() string                                { return b.name }
+func (b *fakeBinder) ConfigPath() string                          { return b.path }
+func (b *fakeBinder) ListCandidates() ([]Candidate, error)        { return nil, nil }
+func (b *fakeBinder) Build(appID string) (*core.AppConfig, error) { return nil, nil }
+
+// tuiUnreachable is a tuiPrompt that fails the test if called. It's the
+// guardrail that proves the non-TUI decision paths really do stay out of the
+// interactive prompt — otherwise a green test could still hide a silent TUI.
+func tuiUnreachable(t *testing.T) func([]Candidate) (*Candidate, error) {
+	t.Helper()
+	return func([]Candidate) (*Candidate, error) {
+		t.Fatal("tuiPrompt must not be called in flag mode")
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+}
+
+// assertCandidate compares the full Candidate struct via DeepEqual so that
+// any future field added to Candidate is covered automatically.
+func assertCandidate(t *testing.T, got *Candidate, want Candidate) {
+	t.Helper()
+	if got == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected non-nil Candidate")
+	}
+	if !reflect.DeepEqual(*got, want) {
+		t.Errorf("candidate mismatch:\n  got:  %+v\n  want: %+v", *got, want)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSelectCandidate_ZeroCandidates_OpenClaw(t *testing.T) {
+	b := &fakeBinder{name: "openclaw", path: "/tmp/openclaw.json"}
+	_, err := selectCandidate(b, nil, "", false, tuiUnreachable(t))
+	assertExitError(t, err, output.ExitValidation, output.ErrDetail{
+		Type:    "openclaw",
+		Message: "no Feishu app configured in openclaw.json",
+		Hint:    "configure channels.feishu.appId in openclaw.json",
+	})
+}
+
+func TestSelectCandidate_ZeroCandidates_GenericSource(t *testing.T) {
+	// Locks in the generic fallback so that any future source added to
+	// newBinder gets a well-formed validation error on "zero candidates"
+	// even before it has a bespoke error message.
+	b := &fakeBinder{name: "hermes", path: "/tmp/.env"}
+	_, err := selectCandidate(b, nil, "", false, tuiUnreachable(t))
+	assertExitError(t, err, output.ExitValidation, output.ErrDetail{
+		Type:    "validation",
+		Message: "hermes: no app configured",
+	})
+}
+
+func TestSelectCandidate_SingleCandidate_NoFlag_AutoSelect(t *testing.T) {
+	b := &fakeBinder{name: "openclaw", path: "/tmp/openclaw.json"}
+	candidates := []Candidate{{AppID: "cli_only", Label: "default"}}
+	got, err := selectCandidate(b, candidates, "", false, tuiUnreachable(t))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+	}
+	assertCandidate(t, got, Candidate{AppID: "cli_only", Label: "default"})
+}
+
+func TestSelectCandidate_AppIDFlag_ExactMatch(t *testing.T) {
+	b := &fakeBinder{name: "openclaw", path: "/tmp/openclaw.json"}
+	candidates := []Candidate{
+		{AppID: "cli_work", Label: "work"},
+		{AppID: "cli_home", Label: "home"},
+	}
+	got, err := selectCandidate(b, candidates, "cli_home", false, tuiUnreachable(t))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+	}
+	assertCandidate(t, got, Candidate{AppID: "cli_home", Label: "home"})
+}
+
+func TestSelectCandidate_AppIDFlag_NoMatch(t *testing.T) {
+	b := &fakeBinder{name: "openclaw", path: "/tmp/openclaw.json"}
+	candidates := []Candidate{
+		{AppID: "cli_work", Label: "work"},
+		{AppID: "cli_home", Label: "home"},
+	}
+	_, err := selectCandidate(b, candidates, "nonexistent", false, tuiUnreachable(t))
+	assertExitError(t, err, output.ExitValidation, output.ErrDetail{
+		Type:    "openclaw",
+		Message: `--app-id "nonexistent" not found in openclaw.json`,
+		Hint:    "available app IDs:\n  cli_work (work)\n  cli_home (home)",
+	})
+}
+
+func TestSelectCandidate_MultiCandidate_NoFlag_NonTUI(t *testing.T) {
+	// Flag-mode with multiple candidates and no --app-id must produce a
+	// validation error and the candidate list, never an interactive prompt.
+	// isTUI is the single gate; a real terminal alone must not trigger TUI.
+	b := &fakeBinder{name: "openclaw", path: "/tmp/openclaw.json"}
+	candidates := []Candidate{
+		{AppID: "cli_work", Label: "work"},
+		{AppID: "cli_home", Label: "home"},
+	}
+	_, err := selectCandidate(b, candidates, "", false, tuiUnreachable(t))
+	assertExitError(t, err, output.ExitValidation, output.ErrDetail{
+		Type:    "openclaw",
+		Message: "multiple accounts in openclaw.json; pass --app-id <id>",
+		Hint:    "available app IDs:\n  cli_work (work)\n  cli_home (home)",
+	})
+}
+
+func TestSelectCandidate_MultiCandidate_NoFlag_TUI(t *testing.T) {
+	b := &fakeBinder{name: "openclaw", path: "/tmp/openclaw.json"}
+	candidates := []Candidate{
+		{AppID: "cli_work", Label: "work"},
+		{AppID: "cli_home", Label: "home"},
+	}
+	var gotCandidates []Candidate
+	got, err := selectCandidate(b, candidates, "", true, func(cs []Candidate) (*Candidate, error) {
+		gotCandidates = cs
+		return &cs[1], nil
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+	}
+	// Whole-slice DeepEqual so additions to Candidate propagate to this check.
+	if !reflect.DeepEqual(gotCandidates, candidates) {
+		t.Errorf("tuiPrompt received %+v, want %+v", gotCandidates, candidates)
+	}
+	assertCandidate(t, got, Candidate{AppID: "cli_home", Label: "home"})
+}
+
+func TestSelectCandidate_SingleCandidate_WrongFlag(t *testing.T) {
+	// Even with only one candidate, a wrong --app-id must error rather than
+	// silently auto-selecting. An explicit mismatch is always a user mistake,
+	// not a reason to override their intent.
+	b := &fakeBinder{name: "openclaw", path: "/tmp/openclaw.json"}
+	candidates := []Candidate{{AppID: "cli_only"}}
+	_, err := selectCandidate(b, candidates, "nonexistent", false, tuiUnreachable(t))
+	assertExitError(t, err, output.ExitValidation, output.ErrDetail{
+		Type:    "openclaw",
+		Message: `--app-id "nonexistent" not found in openclaw.json`,
+		Hint:    "available app IDs:\n  cli_only",
+	})
+}
+
+func TestSelectCandidate_AppIDFlag_WinsOverTUI(t *testing.T) {
+	// An explicit --app-id short-circuits the prompt even in TUI mode: a
+	// flag the user typed should never be second-guessed by an interactive
+	// prompt asking the same question.
+	b := &fakeBinder{name: "openclaw", path: "/tmp/openclaw.json"}
+	candidates := []Candidate{
+		{AppID: "cli_a"},
+		{AppID: "cli_b"},
+	}
+	got, err := selectCandidate(b, candidates, "cli_b", true, tuiUnreachable(t))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+	}
+	assertCandidate(t, got, Candidate{AppID: "cli_b"})
+}

cmd/config/config.go

@@ -14,10 +14,19 @@ func NewCmdConfig(f *cmdutil.Factory) *cobra.Command {
 	cmd := &cobra.Command{
 		Use:   "config",
 		Short: "Global CLI configuration management",
+		PersistentPreRunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+			// Replicate rootCmd's PersistentPreRun behaviour: cobra stops at the first
+			// PersistentPreRun[E] found walking up the chain, so the root-level
+			// SilenceUsage=true would be skipped without this line.
+			cmd.SilenceUsage = true
+			// Pass "config" as a literal — cmd.Name() would return the subcommand name.
+			return f.RequireBuiltinCredentialProvider(cmd.Context(), "config")
+		},
 	}
 	cmdutil.DisableAuthCheck(cmd)
 
 	cmd.AddCommand(NewCmdConfigInit(f, nil))
+	cmd.AddCommand(NewCmdConfigBind(f, nil))
 	cmd.AddCommand(NewCmdConfigRemove(f, nil))
 	cmd.AddCommand(NewCmdConfigShow(f, nil))
 	cmd.AddCommand(NewCmdConfigDefaultAs(f))

cmd/config/config_test.go

@@ -6,13 +6,16 @@ package config
 import (
 	"context"
 	"errors"
+	"io"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
 
+	extcred "github.com/larksuite/cli/extension/credential"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/credential"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/keychain"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/output"
 )
@@ -35,6 +38,7 @@ func (r *recordingConfigKeychain) Remove(service, account string) error {
 }
 
 func TestConfigInitCmd_FlagParsing(t *testing.T) {
+	clearAgentEnv(t) // assumes local workspace; guard refuses init in agent contexts
 	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, nil)
 	f.IOStreams.In = strings.NewReader("secret123\n")
 
@@ -87,15 +91,15 @@ func TestConfigShowRun_NotConfiguredReturnsStructuredError(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatal("expected error")
 	}
 
-	var exitErr *output.ExitError
-	if !errors.As(err, &exitErr) {
-		t.Fatalf("error type = %T, want *output.ExitError", err)
+	var cfgErr *core.ConfigError
+	if !errors.As(err, &cfgErr) {
+		t.Fatalf("error type = %T, want *core.ConfigError", err)
 	}
-	if exitErr.Code != output.ExitValidation {
-		t.Fatalf("exit code = %d, want %d", exitErr.Code, output.ExitValidation)
+	if cfgErr.Code != output.ExitValidation {
+		t.Fatalf("exit code = %d, want %d", cfgErr.Code, output.ExitValidation)
 	}
-	if exitErr.Detail == nil || exitErr.Detail.Type != "config" || exitErr.Detail.Message != "not configured" {
-		t.Fatalf("detail = %#v, want config/not configured", exitErr.Detail)
+	if cfgErr.Type != "config" || cfgErr.Message != "not configured" {
+		t.Fatalf("detail = %+v, want config/not configured", cfgErr)
 	}
 }
 
@@ -133,6 +137,7 @@ func TestConfigShowRun_NoActiveProfileReturnsStructuredError(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestConfigInitCmd_LangFlag(t *testing.T) {
+	clearAgentEnv(t) // assumes local workspace; guard refuses init in agent contexts
 	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, nil)
 
 	var gotOpts *ConfigInitOptions
@@ -154,6 +159,7 @@ func TestConfigInitCmd_LangFlag(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestConfigInitCmd_LangDefault(t *testing.T) {
+	clearAgentEnv(t) // assumes local workspace; guard refuses init in agent contexts
 	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, nil)
 
 	var gotOpts *ConfigInitOptions
@@ -340,3 +346,68 @@ func TestUpdateExistingProfileWithoutSecret_RejectsAppIDChange(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("error = %v, want mention of App Secret", err)
 	}
 }
+
+// stubConfigExtProvider simulates env/sidecar credential mode for config guard tests.
+type stubConfigExtProvider struct{ name string }
+
+func (s *stubConfigExtProvider) Name() string { return s.name }
+func (s *stubConfigExtProvider) ResolveAccount(_ context.Context) (*extcred.Account, error) {
+	return &extcred.Account{AppID: "test-app"}, nil
+}
+func (s *stubConfigExtProvider) ResolveToken(_ context.Context, _ extcred.TokenSpec) (*extcred.Token, error) {
+	return nil, nil
+}
+
+func newConfigFactoryWithExternalProvider(t *testing.T) *cmdutil.Factory {
+	t.Helper()
+	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", t.TempDir())
+	stub := &stubConfigExtProvider{name: "env"}
+	cred := credential.NewCredentialProvider([]extcred.Provider{stub}, nil, nil, nil)
+	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, nil)
+	f.Credential = cred
+	return f
+}
+
+func TestConfigBlockedByExternalProvider(t *testing.T) {
+	f := newConfigFactoryWithExternalProvider(t)
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name string
+		args []string
+	}{
+		{"init", []string{"init", "--app-id", "x", "--app-secret-stdin"}},
+		{"remove", []string{"remove"}},
+		{"show", []string{"show"}},
+		{"default-as", []string{"default-as", "user"}},
+		{"strict-mode", []string{"strict-mode", "off"}},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			cmd := NewCmdConfig(f)
+			cmd.SilenceErrors = true
+			cmd.SetErr(io.Discard)
+			cmd.SetArgs(tt.args)
+
+			// Locate the subcommand before execution (PersistentPreRunE receives it as cmd).
+			matched, _, _ := cmd.Find(tt.args)
+
+			err := cmd.Execute()
+
+			// PersistentPreRunE sets SilenceUsage on the matched subcommand, not the parent.
+			if matched != nil && matched != cmd && !matched.SilenceUsage {
+				t.Error("expected PersistentPreRunE to set SilenceUsage on matched subcommand")
+			}
+			var exitErr *output.ExitError
+			if !errors.As(err, &exitErr) {
+				t.Fatalf("expected *output.ExitError, got %T: %v", err, err)
+			}
+			if exitErr.Code != output.ExitValidation {
+				t.Errorf("exit code = %d, want %d", exitErr.Code, output.ExitValidation)
+			}
+			if exitErr.Detail == nil || exitErr.Detail.Type != "external_provider" {
+				t.Errorf("error type = %v, want %q", exitErr.Detail, "external_provider")
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}

cmd/config/default_as.go

@@ -20,14 +20,14 @@ func NewCmdConfigDefaultAs(f *cmdutil.Factory) *cobra.Command {
 		Long:  "Without arguments, shows the current default identity. Pass user, bot, or auto to set a new default.",
 		Args:  cobra.MaximumNArgs(1),
 		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
-			multi, err := core.LoadMultiAppConfig()
+			multi, err := core.LoadOrNotConfigured()
 			if err != nil {
-				return output.ErrWithHint(output.ExitValidation, "config", "not configured", "run: lark-cli config init")
+				return err
 			}
 
 			app := multi.CurrentAppConfig(f.Invocation.Profile)
 			if app == nil {
-				return output.ErrWithHint(output.ExitValidation, "config", "no active profile", "run: lark-cli config init")
+				return core.NoActiveProfileError()
 			}
 
 			if len(args) == 0 {

cmd/config/init.go

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
+	"os"
 	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/charmbracelet/huh"
@@ -33,6 +34,13 @@ type ConfigInitOptions struct {
 	Lang           string
 	langExplicit   bool   // true when --lang was explicitly passed
 	ProfileName    string // when set, create/update a named profile instead of replacing Apps[0]
+
+	// ForceInit overrides the agent-workspace guard. Without it, running
+	// init under OPENCLAW_HOME / HERMES_HOME refuses and points the caller
+	// at config bind — which is what AI agents almost always want. Manual
+	// users with a legitimate need for a separate app can pass --force-init
+	// to bypass.
+	ForceInit bool
 }
 
 // NewCmdConfigInit creates the config init subcommand.
@@ -46,10 +54,18 @@ func NewCmdConfigInit(f *cmdutil.Factory, runF func(*ConfigInitOptions) error) *
 
 For AI agents: use --new to create a new app. The command blocks until the user
 completes setup in the browser. Run it in the background and retrieve the
-verification URL from its output.`,
+verification URL from its output.
+
+Inside an Agent context (OPENCLAW_HOME / HERMES_HOME set) this command
+refuses by default — use 'lark-cli config bind' to bind to the Agent's
+existing app instead of creating a parallel one. Pass --force-init only
+if the user explicitly wants a separate app inside the Agent workspace.`,
 		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 			opts.Ctx = cmd.Context()
 			opts.langExplicit = cmd.Flags().Changed("lang")
+			if err := guardAgentWorkspace(opts); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
 			if runF != nil {
 				return runF(opts)
 			}
@@ -63,10 +79,33 @@ verification URL from its output.`,
 	cmd.Flags().StringVar(&opts.Brand, "brand", "feishu", "feishu or lark (non-interactive, default feishu)")
 	cmd.Flags().StringVar(&opts.Lang, "lang", "zh", "language for interactive prompts (zh or en)")
 	cmd.Flags().StringVar(&opts.ProfileName, "name", "", "create or update a named profile (append instead of replace)")
+	cmd.Flags().BoolVar(&opts.ForceInit, "force-init", false, "allow init inside an Agent workspace (OPENCLAW_HOME / HERMES_HOME); use config bind instead unless you really want a separate app")
 
 	return cmd
 }
 
+// guardAgentWorkspace refuses 'config init' when run inside an OpenClaw or
+// Hermes Agent context, because the Agent has already provisioned an app
+// and 'config bind' is the right tool for hooking lark-cli into it.
+// Running init here would create a parallel app under the agent's workspace
+// dir, breaking the binding the user actually wants. --force-init lets a
+// human user override when they really do want a separate app.
+func guardAgentWorkspace(opts *ConfigInitOptions) error {
+	if opts.ForceInit {
+		return nil
+	}
+	ws := core.DetectWorkspaceFromEnv(os.Getenv)
+	if ws.IsLocal() {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return &core.ConfigError{
+		Code:    2,
+		Type:    ws.Display(),
+		Message: fmt.Sprintf("config init is refused inside %s context (would create a parallel app and shadow the existing %s binding)", ws.Display(), ws.Display()),
+		Hint:    "see `lark-cli config bind --help` to bind lark-cli to the Agent's existing app instead. Pass --force-init only if the user explicitly wants a separate app in this workspace.",
+	}
+}
+
 // hasAnyNonInteractiveFlag returns true if any non-interactive flag is set.
 func (o *ConfigInitOptions) hasAnyNonInteractiveFlag() bool {
 	return o.New || o.AppID != "" || o.AppSecretStdin
@@ -269,7 +308,7 @@ func configInitRun(opts *ConfigInitOptions) error {
 
 	// Mode 3: Create new app directly (--new)
 	if opts.New {
-		result, err := runCreateAppFlow(opts.Ctx, f, core.BrandFeishu, msg)
+		result, err := runCreateAppFlow(opts.Ctx, f, parseBrand(opts.Brand), msg)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}

cmd/config/init_guard_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package config
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
+)
+
+func TestGuardAgentWorkspace_LocalAllows(t *testing.T) {
+	clearAgentEnv(t)
+
+	if err := guardAgentWorkspace(&ConfigInitOptions{}); err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("local workspace should allow init, got: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestGuardAgentWorkspace_OpenClawRefuses(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv("OPENCLAW_HOME", t.TempDir())
+
+	err := guardAgentWorkspace(&ConfigInitOptions{})
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected refusal in OpenClaw context, got nil")
+	}
+	var cfgErr *core.ConfigError
+	if !errors.As(err, &cfgErr) {
+		t.Fatalf("error type = %T, want *core.ConfigError", err)
+	}
+	if cfgErr.Type != "openclaw" {
+		t.Errorf("type = %q, want %q", cfgErr.Type, "openclaw")
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(cfgErr.Hint, "config bind --help") {
+		t.Errorf("hint must point to config bind --help; got %q", cfgErr.Hint)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(cfgErr.Hint, "--force-init") {
+		t.Errorf("hint must mention --force-init escape hatch; got %q", cfgErr.Hint)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestGuardAgentWorkspace_HermesRefuses(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv("HERMES_HOME", t.TempDir())
+
+	err := guardAgentWorkspace(&ConfigInitOptions{})
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected refusal in Hermes context, got nil")
+	}
+	var cfgErr *core.ConfigError
+	if !errors.As(err, &cfgErr) {
+		t.Fatalf("error type = %T, want *core.ConfigError", err)
+	}
+	if cfgErr.Type != "hermes" {
+		t.Errorf("type = %q, want %q", cfgErr.Type, "hermes")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestGuardAgentWorkspace_ForceInitOverride(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv("OPENCLAW_HOME", t.TempDir())
+
+	// --force-init must let the user proceed even inside an Agent context.
+	if err := guardAgentWorkspace(&ConfigInitOptions{ForceInit: true}); err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("--force-init should bypass the guard, got: %v", err)
+	}
+}

cmd/config/init_messages.go

@@ -10,12 +10,12 @@ import (
 )
 
 type initMsg struct {
-	SelectAction       string
-	CreateNewApp       string
-	ConfigExistingApp  string
-	Platform           string
-	SelectPlatform     string
-	Feishu             string
+	SelectAction      string
+	CreateNewApp      string
+	ConfigExistingApp string
+	Platform          string
+	SelectPlatform    string
+	Feishu            string
 	// TTY (interactive) variants
 	ScanQRCode     string // header shown above QR code
 	ScanOrOpenLink string // post-QR alt link prompt ("or open...")
@@ -29,11 +29,11 @@ type initMsg struct {
 }
 
 var initMsgZh = &initMsg{
-	SelectAction:       "选择操作",
-	CreateNewApp:       "一键配置应用 (推荐) ",
-	ConfigExistingApp:  "手动输入应用凭证",
-	Platform:           "平台",
-	SelectPlatform:     "选择平台",
+	SelectAction:         "选择操作",
+	CreateNewApp:         "一键配置应用 (推荐) ",
+	ConfigExistingApp:    "手动输入应用凭证",
+	Platform:             "平台",
+	SelectPlatform:       "选择平台",
 	Feishu:               "飞书",
 	ScanQRCode:           "\n使用飞书 / Lark 扫码配置应用：\n\n",
 	ScanOrOpenLink:       "\n或打开以下链接完成配置：\n",
@@ -46,11 +46,11 @@ var initMsgZh = &initMsg{
 }
 
 var initMsgEn = &initMsg{
-	SelectAction:       "Select action",
-	CreateNewApp:       "Set up your app with one click (Recommended)",
-	ConfigExistingApp:  "Enter app credentials yourself",
-	Platform:           "Platform",
-	SelectPlatform:     "Select platform",
+	SelectAction:         "Select action",
+	CreateNewApp:         "Set up your app with one click (Recommended)",
+	ConfigExistingApp:    "Enter app credentials yourself",
+	Platform:             "Platform",
+	SelectPlatform:       "Select platform",
 	Feishu:               "Feishu",
 	ScanQRCode:           "\nScan the QR code with Feishu/Lark:\n\n",
 	ScanOrOpenLink:       "\nOr open the link below in your browser:\n",

cmd/config/init_messages_test.go

@@ -48,12 +48,12 @@ func TestInitMsgEn_AllFieldsNonEmpty(t *testing.T) {
 func assertAllFieldsNonEmpty(t *testing.T, msg *initMsg, label string) {
 	t.Helper()
 	fields := map[string]string{
-		"SelectAction":       msg.SelectAction,
-		"CreateNewApp":       msg.CreateNewApp,
-		"ConfigExistingApp":  msg.ConfigExistingApp,
-		"Platform":           msg.Platform,
-		"SelectPlatform":     msg.SelectPlatform,
-		"Feishu":             msg.Feishu,
+		"SelectAction":         msg.SelectAction,
+		"CreateNewApp":         msg.CreateNewApp,
+		"ConfigExistingApp":    msg.ConfigExistingApp,
+		"Platform":             msg.Platform,
+		"SelectPlatform":       msg.SelectPlatform,
+		"Feishu":               msg.Feishu,
 		"ScanQRCode":           msg.ScanQRCode,
 		"ScanOrOpenLink":       msg.ScanOrOpenLink,
 		"WaitingForScan":       msg.WaitingForScan,

cmd/config/show.go

@@ -44,12 +44,12 @@ func configShowRun(opts *ConfigShowOptions) error {
 	config, err := core.LoadMultiAppConfig()
 	if err != nil {
 		if errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
-			return output.ErrWithHint(output.ExitValidation, "config", "not configured", "run: lark-cli config init")
+			return core.NotConfiguredError()
 		}
 		return output.Errorf(output.ExitValidation, "config", "failed to load config: %v", err)
 	}
 	if config == nil || len(config.Apps) == 0 {
-		return output.ErrWithHint(output.ExitValidation, "config", "not configured", "run: lark-cli config init")
+		return core.NotConfiguredError()
 	}
 	app := config.CurrentAppConfig(f.Invocation.Profile)
 	if app == nil {
@@ -64,6 +64,7 @@ func configShowRun(opts *ConfigShowOptions) error {
 		users = strings.Join(userStrs, ", ")
 	}
 	output.PrintJson(f.IOStreams.Out, map[string]interface{}{
+		"workspace": core.CurrentWorkspace().Display(),
 		"profile":   app.ProfileName(),
 		"appId":     app.AppId,
 		"appSecret": "****",

cmd/config/strict_mode.go

@@ -21,44 +21,44 @@ func NewCmdConfigStrictMode(f *cmdutil.Factory) *cobra.Command {
 	cmd := &cobra.Command{
 		Use:   "strict-mode [bot|user|off]",
 		Short: "View or set strict mode (identity restriction policy)",
-		Long: `View or set strict mode (identity restriction policy).
+		Long: `View or set strict mode — the identity restriction policy.
 
-Without arguments, shows the current strict mode status and its source.
-Pass "bot", "user", or "off" to set strict mode.
-Use --global to set at the global level.
-Use --reset to clear the profile-level setting (inherit global).
+  bot   only bot identity allowed (user commands hidden)
+  user  only user identity allowed (bot commands hidden)
+  off   no restriction (default)
 
-Modes:
-  bot   — only bot identity is allowed, user commands are hidden
-  user  — only user identity is allowed, bot commands are hidden
-  off   — no restriction (default)
+No args: show current mode. Switching does NOT require re-bind.
 
-WARNING: Strict mode is a security policy set by the administrator.
-AI agents are strictly prohibited from modifying this setting.`,
+For AI agents: this is a security policy. DO NOT switch without
+explicit user confirmation — never run on your own initiative.`,
+		Example: `  lark-cli config strict-mode               # show current
+  lark-cli config strict-mode user          # switch (after user confirms)
+  lark-cli config strict-mode bot --global  # set globally
+  lark-cli config strict-mode --reset       # clear profile override`,
 		Args: cobra.MaximumNArgs(1),
 		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
-			multi, err := core.LoadMultiAppConfig()
+			multi, err := core.LoadOrNotConfigured()
 			if err != nil {
-				return output.ErrWithHint(output.ExitValidation, "config", "not configured", "run: lark-cli config init")
+				return err
 			}
 
 			if reset {
 				app := multi.CurrentAppConfig(f.Invocation.Profile)
 				if app == nil {
-					return output.ErrWithHint(output.ExitValidation, "config", "no active profile", "run: lark-cli config init")
+					return core.NoActiveProfileError()
 				}
 				return resetStrictMode(f, multi, app, global, args)
 			}
 			if len(args) == 0 {
 				app := multi.CurrentAppConfig(f.Invocation.Profile)
 				if app == nil {
-					return output.ErrWithHint(output.ExitValidation, "config", "no active profile", "run: lark-cli config init")
+					return core.NoActiveProfileError()
 				}
 				return showStrictMode(cmd.Context(), f, multi, app)
 			}
 			app := multi.CurrentAppConfig(f.Invocation.Profile)
 			if !global && app == nil {
-				return output.ErrWithHint(output.ExitValidation, "config", "no active profile", "run: lark-cli config init")
+				return core.NoActiveProfileError()
 			}
 			return setStrictMode(f, multi, app, args[0], global)
 		},
@@ -106,6 +106,24 @@ func setStrictMode(f *cmdutil.Factory, multi *core.MultiAppConfig, app *core.App
 		return output.ErrValidation("invalid value %q, valid values: bot | user | off", value)
 	}
 
+	// Capture the old mode at the SAME scope being changed, so we can warn
+	// only when the policy actually expands user-identity at that scope.
+	//   --global → compare raw multi.StrictMode (profiles with explicit
+	//     overrides are unaffected; their warning comes from the existing
+	//     "profile %q has strict-mode explicitly set" notice below).
+	//   profile  → compare effective mode (override > global > default), so
+	//     a profile flipping from inherited bot to explicit off still warns.
+	// The previous version always used the profile's effective mode, which
+	// false-positived (--global change while current profile has an explicit
+	// override) and false-negatived (--global broadening that doesn't affect
+	// the current profile but does affect other inheriting profiles).
+	var oldMode core.StrictMode
+	if global {
+		oldMode = multi.StrictMode
+	} else {
+		oldMode, _ = resolveStrictModeStatus(multi, app)
+	}
+
 	if global {
 		multi.StrictMode = mode
 		for _, a := range multi.Apps {
@@ -119,7 +137,7 @@ func setStrictMode(f *cmdutil.Factory, multi *core.MultiAppConfig, app *core.App
 		}
 	} else {
 		if app == nil {
-			return output.ErrWithHint(output.ExitValidation, "config", "no active profile", "run: lark-cli config init")
+			return core.NoActiveProfileError()
 		}
 		app.StrictMode = &mode
 	}
@@ -127,6 +145,11 @@ func setStrictMode(f *cmdutil.Factory, multi *core.MultiAppConfig, app *core.App
 	if err := core.SaveMultiAppConfig(multi); err != nil {
 		return output.Errorf(output.ExitInternal, "internal", "failed to save config: %v", err)
 	}
+
+	if oldMode == core.StrictModeBot && (mode == core.StrictModeUser || mode == core.StrictModeOff) {
+		fmt.Fprintln(f.IOStreams.ErrOut, "⚠️ "+strictModeRelaxLang(app).IdentityEscalationMessage)
+	}
+
 	scope := "profile"
 	if global {
 		scope = "global"
@@ -135,6 +158,16 @@ func setStrictMode(f *cmdutil.Factory, multi *core.MultiAppConfig, app *core.App
 	return nil
 }
 
+// strictModeRelaxLang picks the bind-message bundle whose language matches the
+// active profile's Lang setting. Falls back to bindMsgZh when no profile is
+// available (global mutation with no current app).
+func strictModeRelaxLang(app *core.AppConfig) *bindMsg {
+	if app != nil {
+		return getBindMsg(app.Lang)
+	}
+	return getBindMsg("")
+}
+
 func resolveStrictModeStatus(multi *core.MultiAppConfig, app *core.AppConfig) (core.StrictMode, string) {
 	if app != nil && app.StrictMode != nil {
 		return *app.StrictMode, fmt.Sprintf("profile %q", app.ProfileName())

cmd/config/strict_mode_warning_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package config
+
+import (
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
+)
+
+// runStrictMode is a small helper that runs `config strict-mode <args...>` and
+// returns the captured stderr — that's where success-path messages and the
+// new user-identity warning land.
+func runStrictMode(t *testing.T, args ...string) string {
+	t.Helper()
+	f, _, stderr, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "secret"})
+	cmd := NewCmdConfigStrictMode(f)
+	cmd.SetArgs(args)
+	if err := cmd.Execute(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("strict-mode %v failed: %v", args, err)
+	}
+	return stderr.String()
+}
+
+// expandsUserIdentity covers the only two transitions where AI gains the
+// ability to act under the user's identity, and asserts the warning fires.
+// Reuses bind_messages.go's IdentityEscalationMessage as the canonical text
+// so all three call sites (bind upgrade, fresh user-default bind, strict-mode
+// relax) stay phrased identically.
+func TestStrictMode_BotToUser_WarnsAboutIdentityRisk(t *testing.T) {
+	setupStrictModeTestConfig(t)
+	runStrictMode(t, "bot")
+
+	out := runStrictMode(t, "user")
+	if !strings.Contains(out, bindMsgZh.IdentityEscalationMessage) {
+		t.Errorf("bot→user transition must surface IdentityEscalationMessage; got: %s", out)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestStrictMode_BotToOff_WarnsAboutIdentityRisk(t *testing.T) {
+	setupStrictModeTestConfig(t)
+	runStrictMode(t, "bot")
+
+	out := runStrictMode(t, "off")
+	if !strings.Contains(out, bindMsgZh.IdentityEscalationMessage) {
+		t.Errorf("bot→off transition must surface IdentityEscalationMessage; got: %s", out)
+	}
+}
+
+// narrowingDoesNotWarn covers the cases that revoke or keep user-identity
+// scope — those should stay quiet, otherwise AI will spam users with risk
+// text on every restrictive change.
+func TestStrictMode_UserToBot_NoWarning(t *testing.T) {
+	setupStrictModeTestConfig(t)
+	runStrictMode(t, "user")
+
+	out := runStrictMode(t, "bot")
+	if strings.Contains(out, bindMsgZh.IdentityEscalationMessage) {
+		t.Errorf("user→bot is a narrowing change; must not warn. got: %s", out)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestStrictMode_OffToBot_NoWarning(t *testing.T) {
+	setupStrictModeTestConfig(t)
+	// Default starts at off; explicitly set bot — narrowing.
+	out := runStrictMode(t, "bot")
+	if strings.Contains(out, bindMsgZh.IdentityEscalationMessage) {
+		t.Errorf("off→bot is a narrowing change; must not warn. got: %s", out)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestStrictMode_OffToUser_NoWarning(t *testing.T) {
+	// Off already permits user-identity, so off→user is not a NEW grant
+	// even though it forces user identity. Don't warn.
+	setupStrictModeTestConfig(t)
+	out := runStrictMode(t, "user")
+	if strings.Contains(out, bindMsgZh.IdentityEscalationMessage) {
+		t.Errorf("off→user does not newly permit user identity; must not warn. got: %s", out)
+	}
+}
+
+// --- --global path: comparison must use multi.StrictMode, not profile's
+// effective mode. The previous (buggy) version used resolveStrictModeStatus
+// here too, leading to both false positives (current profile has explicit
+// override unaffected by --global → still warned) and false negatives
+// (current profile has explicit override that masks an actual bot → off
+// global broadening for OTHER inheriting profiles → didn't warn).
+
+func TestStrictMode_GlobalBotToUser_Warns(t *testing.T) {
+	setupStrictModeTestConfig(t)
+	runStrictMode(t, "bot", "--global")
+
+	out := runStrictMode(t, "user", "--global")
+	if !strings.Contains(out, bindMsgZh.IdentityEscalationMessage) {
+		t.Errorf("global bot→user must warn (broadens user-identity for inheriting profiles); got: %s", out)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestStrictMode_GlobalBotToOff_Warns(t *testing.T) {
+	setupStrictModeTestConfig(t)
+	runStrictMode(t, "bot", "--global")
+
+	out := runStrictMode(t, "off", "--global")
+	if !strings.Contains(out, bindMsgZh.IdentityEscalationMessage) {
+		t.Errorf("global bot→off must warn (newly permits user identity in inheriting profiles); got: %s", out)
+	}
+}
+
+// FalsePositive: current profile has explicit "bot" override, global goes
+// off → user. The current profile is unaffected (still bot via override),
+// and off→user at the global level is not a new grant either. Must not warn.
+func TestStrictMode_GlobalOffToUser_WithProfileBotOverride_NoWarning(t *testing.T) {
+	setupStrictModeTestConfig(t)
+	runStrictMode(t, "bot")             // profile-level explicit bot
+	runStrictMode(t, "off", "--global") // global = off
+
+	out := runStrictMode(t, "user", "--global")
+	if strings.Contains(out, bindMsgZh.IdentityEscalationMessage) {
+		t.Errorf("global off→user with profile-bot-override must not warn (profile unaffected, global wasn't bot); got: %s", out)
+	}
+}
+
+// FalseNegative: global = bot, current profile has explicit "off" override.
+// Running --global off broadens OTHER inheriting profiles (bot → off). The
+// current profile doesn't change effective mode, but the policy still expanded
+// user-identity, so warning must fire. The pre-fix logic compared via the
+// current profile's effective mode and missed this case.
+func TestStrictMode_GlobalBotToOff_WithProfileOffOverride_Warns(t *testing.T) {
+	setupStrictModeTestConfig(t)
+	runStrictMode(t, "bot", "--global") // global = bot
+	runStrictMode(t, "off")             // profile-level explicit off (already shows the warning at profile scope)
+
+	out := runStrictMode(t, "off", "--global")
+	if !strings.Contains(out, bindMsgZh.IdentityEscalationMessage) {
+		t.Errorf("global bot→off must warn even when current profile has explicit off (other profiles inherit and newly permit user identity); got: %s", out)
+	}
+}

cmd/diagnose_scope_test.go

@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ func diagBuild(domains []string) diagOutput {
 				if sc.Service != domain || !diagShortcutSupportsIdentity(&sc, identity) {
 					continue
 				}
-				for _, scope := range sc.ScopesForIdentity(identity) {
+				for _, scope := range sc.DeclaredScopesForIdentity(identity) {
 					k := methodKey{domain, "shortcut", sc.Command, scope}
 					if e, ok := merged[k]; ok {
 						e.Identity = appendUniq(e.Identity, identity)
@@ -169,6 +169,25 @@ func appendUniq(ss []string, s string) []string {
 	return append(ss, s)
 }
 
+func TestDiagBuild_ShortcutIncludesConditionalScopes(t *testing.T) {
+	out := diagBuild([]string{"drive"})
+	var sawMetadata, sawDownload bool
+	for _, method := range out.Methods {
+		if method.Domain != "drive" || method.Type != "shortcut" || method.Method != "+status" {
+			continue
+		}
+		if method.Scope == "drive:drive.metadata:readonly" {
+			sawMetadata = true
+		}
+		if method.Scope == "drive:file:download" {
+			sawDownload = true
+		}
+	}
+	if !sawMetadata || !sawDownload {
+		t.Fatalf("drive +status should advertise both metadata and conditional download scopes, saw metadata=%v download=%v", sawMetadata, sawDownload)
+	}
+}
+
 // ── Snapshot generation ───────────────────────────────────────────────
 //
 // Generates a JSON snapshot of all API methods and shortcuts with their

cmd/doctor/doctor.go

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"net/http"
+	"os"
 	"sync"
 	"time"
 
@@ -83,7 +84,20 @@ func doctorRun(opts *DoctorOptions) error {
 	// ── 1. Config file ──
 	_, err := core.LoadMultiAppConfig()
 	if err != nil {
-		checks = append(checks, fail("config_file", err.Error(), "run: lark-cli config init"))
+		// For "config not present" cases, prefer the workspace-aware
+		// NotConfiguredError message + hint (e.g. "openclaw context
+		// detected but lark-cli is not bound to it" → bind --help) over
+		// the OS-level "open ... no such file or directory".
+		// For other errors (parse, perms), keep the raw error so the
+		// underlying problem is still visible.
+		msg, hint := err.Error(), ""
+		if errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
+			var cfgErr *core.ConfigError
+			if errors.As(core.NotConfiguredError(), &cfgErr) {
+				msg, hint = cfgErr.Message, cfgErr.Hint
+			}
+		}
+		checks = append(checks, fail("config_file", msg, hint))
 		return finishDoctor(f, checks)
 	}
 	checks = append(checks, pass("config_file", "config.json found"))
@@ -238,7 +252,7 @@ func checkCLIUpdate() []checkResult {
 	if update.IsNewer(latest, current) {
 		return []checkResult{warn("cli_update",
 			fmt.Sprintf("%s → %s available", current, latest),
-			"run: lark-cli update (or: npm install -g @larksuite/cli)")}
+			"run: lark-cli update")}
 	}
 	return []checkResult{pass("cli_update", latest+" (up to date)")}
 }
@@ -253,8 +267,9 @@ func finishDoctor(f *cmdutil.Factory, checks []checkResult) error {
 	}
 
 	result := map[string]interface{}{
-		"ok":     allOK,
-		"checks": checks,
+		"ok":        allOK,
+		"workspace": core.CurrentWorkspace().Display(),
+		"checks":    checks,
 	}
 	output.PrintJson(f.IOStreams.Out, result)
 	if !allOK {

cmd/error_auth_hint.go

@@ -0,0 +1,175 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package cmd
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+
+	internalauth "github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/auth"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/output"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/registry"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/shortcuts"
+	shortcutcommon "github.com/larksuite/cli/shortcuts/common"
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+)
+
+// enrichMissingScopeError preserves the original need_user_authorization
+// message and appends a scope hint when the current command declares the
+// required scopes locally.
+func enrichMissingScopeError(f *cmdutil.Factory, exitErr *output.ExitError) {
+	if exitErr == nil || exitErr.Detail == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	if !internalauth.IsNeedUserAuthorizationError(exitErr) {
+		return
+	}
+
+	scopes := resolveDeclaredScopesForCurrentCommand(f)
+	if len(scopes) == 0 {
+		return
+	}
+
+	scopeHint := fmt.Sprintf("current command requires scope(s): %s", strings.Join(scopes, ", "))
+	if exitErr.Detail.Hint == "" {
+		exitErr.Detail.Hint = scopeHint
+		return
+	}
+	exitErr.Detail.Hint += "\n" + scopeHint
+}
+
+// resolveDeclaredScopesForCurrentCommand returns the scopes declared by the
+// current command for the resolved identity, checking shortcuts first and then
+// service methods from local registry metadata.
+func resolveDeclaredScopesForCurrentCommand(f *cmdutil.Factory) []string {
+	if f == nil || f.CurrentCommand == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	identity := string(f.ResolvedIdentity)
+	if identity == "" {
+		identity = string(core.AsUser)
+	}
+	if identity != string(core.AsUser) && identity != string(core.AsBot) {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	if scopes := resolveDeclaredShortcutScopes(f.CurrentCommand, identity); len(scopes) > 0 {
+		return scopes
+	}
+	return resolveDeclaredServiceMethodScopes(f.CurrentCommand, identity)
+}
+
+// resolveDeclaredShortcutScopes returns the scopes declared by a mounted
+// shortcut command for the given identity.
+func resolveDeclaredShortcutScopes(cmd *cobra.Command, identity string) []string {
+	if cmd == nil || cmd.Parent() == nil || !strings.HasPrefix(cmd.Name(), "+") {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	service := cmd.Parent().Name()
+	for _, sc := range shortcuts.AllShortcuts() {
+		if sc.Service != service || sc.Command != cmd.Name() || !shortcutSupportsIdentity(sc, identity) {
+			continue
+		}
+		scopes := sc.DeclaredScopesForIdentity(identity)
+		if len(scopes) == 0 {
+			return nil
+		}
+		return append([]string(nil), scopes...)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// resolveDeclaredServiceMethodScopes returns the scopes declared by a
+// service/resource/method command from the embedded from_meta registry.
+func resolveDeclaredServiceMethodScopes(cmd *cobra.Command, identity string) []string {
+	// Service-method scope lookup only applies to commands mounted as
+	// root -> service -> resource -> method. Non-resource/method commands
+	// intentionally return no scopes here so auth-hint enrichment does not
+	// change runtime semantics for other command shapes.
+	if cmd == nil || cmd.Parent() == nil || cmd.Parent().Parent() == nil || cmd.Parent().Parent().Parent() == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	if strings.HasPrefix(cmd.Name(), "+") {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	service := cmd.Parent().Parent().Name()
+	resource := cmd.Parent().Name()
+	method := cmd.Name()
+
+	spec := registry.LoadFromMeta(service)
+	if spec == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	resources, _ := spec["resources"].(map[string]interface{})
+	resMap, _ := resources[resource].(map[string]interface{})
+	if resMap == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	methods, _ := resMap["methods"].(map[string]interface{})
+	methodMap, _ := methods[method].(map[string]interface{})
+	if methodMap == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return declaredScopesForMethod(methodMap, identity)
+}
+
+// declaredScopesForMethod returns all requiredScopes when present; otherwise it
+// resolves the single recommended scope from the method's scopes list.
+func declaredScopesForMethod(method map[string]interface{}, identity string) []string {
+	if requiredRaw, ok := method["requiredScopes"].([]interface{}); ok && len(requiredRaw) > 0 {
+		return interfaceStrings(requiredRaw)
+	}
+
+	rawScopes, _ := method["scopes"].([]interface{})
+	if len(rawScopes) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	recommended := registry.SelectRecommendedScope(rawScopes, identity)
+	if recommended == "" {
+		for _, raw := range rawScopes {
+			if scope, ok := raw.(string); ok && scope != "" {
+				recommended = scope
+				break
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	if recommended == "" {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return []string{recommended}
+}
+
+// interfaceStrings converts a []interface{} containing strings into a compact
+// []string, skipping empty or non-string values.
+func interfaceStrings(values []interface{}) []string {
+	scopes := make([]string, 0, len(values))
+	for _, value := range values {
+		scope, ok := value.(string)
+		if !ok || scope == "" {
+			continue
+		}
+		scopes = append(scopes, scope)
+	}
+	return scopes
+}
+
+// shortcutSupportsIdentity reports whether a shortcut supports the requested
+// identity, applying the default user-only behavior when AuthTypes is empty.
+func shortcutSupportsIdentity(sc shortcutcommon.Shortcut, identity string) bool {
+	authTypes := sc.AuthTypes
+	if len(authTypes) == 0 {
+		authTypes = []string{string(core.AsUser)}
+	}
+	for _, authType := range authTypes {
+		if authType == identity {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}

cmd/event/appmeta_err.go

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package event
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"regexp"
+)
+
+// authURLPattern matches the grant-scope URL embedded in 99991672 errors; widen when adding brands in consoleScopeGrantURL.
+var authURLPattern = regexp.MustCompile(`https?://open\.(?:feishu\.cn|larksuite\.com)/app/[^/\s"']+/auth\?q=[^\s"'<>]+`)
+
+// describeAppMetaErr reduces a FetchCurrentPublished error to a one-line stderr summary.
+func describeAppMetaErr(err error) string {
+	msg := err.Error()
+	if url := authURLPattern.FindString(msg); url != "" {
+		return fmt.Sprintf("bot is missing scopes needed for app-version metadata; grant at: %s", url)
+	}
+	const maxErrLen = 200
+	if len(msg) > maxErrLen {
+		return msg[:maxErrLen] + "…"
+	}
+	return msg
+}

cmd/event/appmeta_err_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package event
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+const realisticPermError = `API GET /open-apis/application/v6/applications/cli_XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX/app_versions?lang=zh_cn&page_size=2 returned 400: {"code":99991672,"msg":"Access denied. One of the following scopes is required: [application:application:self_manage, application:application.app_version:readonly].应用尚未开通所需的应用身份权限：[application:application:self_manage, application:application.app_version:readonly]，点击链接申请并开通任一权限即可：https://open.feishu.cn/app/cli_XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX/auth?q=application:application:self_manage,application:application.app_version:readonly&op_from=openapi&token_type=tenant","error":{"message":"Refer to the documentation...","log_id":"20260421101203E2A5F141245B6F43B3A6"}}`
+
+func TestDescribeAppMetaErr_PermissionDeniedShort(t *testing.T) {
+	got := describeAppMetaErr(errors.New(realisticPermError))
+	if len(got) > 400 {
+		t.Errorf("summary too long (%d chars): %q", len(got), got)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(got, "scope") {
+		t.Errorf("summary should mention scope requirement, got: %q", got)
+	}
+	wantURL := "https://open.feishu.cn/app/cli_XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX/auth?q=application:application:self_manage,application:application.app_version:readonly&op_from=openapi&token_type=tenant"
+	if !strings.Contains(got, wantURL) {
+		t.Errorf("summary missing grant URL\ngot:  %q\nwant: %q", got, wantURL)
+	}
+	for _, noise := range []string{"log_id", `"error":`, "Refer to the documentation"} {
+		if strings.Contains(got, noise) {
+			t.Errorf("summary leaked noise %q: %q", noise, got)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDescribeAppMetaErr_UnknownErrorTruncated(t *testing.T) {
+	long := strings.Repeat("x", 500)
+	got := describeAppMetaErr(errors.New(long))
+	if len(got) > 220 {
+		t.Errorf("unknown error not truncated, len=%d", len(got))
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDescribeAppMetaErr_ShortErrorPassesThrough(t *testing.T) {
+	got := describeAppMetaErr(errors.New("network unreachable"))
+	if got != "network unreachable" {
+		t.Errorf("short err should pass through unchanged, got: %q", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDescribeAppMetaErr_LarkOfficeDomain(t *testing.T) {
+	msg := `... grant link: https://open.larksuite.com/app/cli_xyz/auth?q=application:application:self_manage&op_from=openapi&token_type=tenant ...`
+	got := describeAppMetaErr(errors.New(msg))
+	if !strings.Contains(got, "open.larksuite.com") {
+		t.Errorf("want larksuite URL extracted, got: %q", got)
+	}
+}

cmd/event/bus.go

@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package event
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"os"
+	"os/signal"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"syscall"
+
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/event"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/event/bus"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/event/transport"
+)
+
+// NewCmdBus creates the hidden `event _bus` daemon subcommand, forked by the consume client; fork argv lives in consume/startup.go.
+func NewCmdBus(f *cmdutil.Factory) *cobra.Command {
+	var domain string
+
+	cmd := &cobra.Command{
+		Use:    "_bus",
+		Short:  "Internal event bus daemon (do not call directly)",
+		Hidden: true,
+		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+			cfg, err := f.Config()
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+
+			// Sanitize AppID: an unsanitized value could escape events/ via ".." or separators.
+			eventsDir := filepath.Join(core.GetConfigDir(), "events", event.SanitizeAppID(cfg.AppID))
+
+			logger, err := bus.SetupBusLogger(eventsDir)
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+
+			tr := transport.New()
+			b := bus.NewBus(cfg.AppID, cfg.AppSecret, domain, tr, logger)
+
+			ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(cmd.Context())
+			defer cancel()
+
+			sigCh := make(chan os.Signal, 1)
+			signal.Notify(sigCh, syscall.SIGTERM, syscall.SIGINT)
+			defer signal.Stop(sigCh)
+			go func() {
+				select {
+				case <-sigCh:
+					cancel()
+				case <-ctx.Done():
+				}
+			}()
+
+			return b.Run(ctx)
+		},
+	}
+
+	cmd.Flags().StringVar(&domain, "domain", "", "API domain")
+	_ = cmd.Flags().MarkHidden("domain")
+
+	return cmd
+}

cmd/event/console_url.go

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package event
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
+)
+
+// consoleScopeGrantURL builds the developer-console "apply & grant scopes" deep link; scopes are comma-joined without URL encoding.
+func consoleScopeGrantURL(brand core.LarkBrand, appID string, scopes []string) string {
+	host := core.ResolveEndpoints(brand).Open
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%s/app/%s/auth?q=%s&op_from=openapi&token_type=tenant",
+		host, appID, strings.Join(scopes, ","))
+}
+
+// consoleEventSubscriptionURL points at the app's event subscription console page.
+func consoleEventSubscriptionURL(brand core.LarkBrand, appID string) string {
+	host := core.ResolveEndpoints(brand).Open
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%s/app/%s/event", host, appID)
+}

cmd/event/console_url_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package event
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
+)
+
+func TestConsoleScopeGrantURL_Feishu(t *testing.T) {
+	got := consoleScopeGrantURL(core.BrandFeishu, "cli_XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX", []string{
+		"im:message:readonly",
+		"im:message.group_at_msg",
+	})
+	want := "https://open.feishu.cn/app/cli_XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX/auth?q=im:message:readonly,im:message.group_at_msg&op_from=openapi&token_type=tenant"
+	if got != want {
+		t.Errorf("url\n got: %s\nwant: %s", got, want)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestConsoleScopeGrantURL_LarkBrand(t *testing.T) {
+	got := consoleScopeGrantURL(core.BrandLark, "cli_x", []string{"im:message"})
+	want := "https://open.larksuite.com/app/cli_x/auth?q=im:message&op_from=openapi&token_type=tenant"
+	if got != want {
+		t.Errorf("url\n got: %s\nwant: %s", got, want)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestConsoleScopeGrantURL_EmptyBrandDefaultsFeishu(t *testing.T) {
+	got := consoleScopeGrantURL("", "cli_x", []string{"im:message"})
+	if got != "https://open.feishu.cn/app/cli_x/auth?q=im:message&op_from=openapi&token_type=tenant" {
+		t.Errorf("unexpected url: %s", got)
+	}
+}

cmd/event/consume.go

@@ -0,0 +1,371 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package event
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"os"
+	"os/signal"
+	"strings"
+	"syscall"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/appmeta"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/auth"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/credential"
+	eventlib "github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/event"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/event/consume"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/event/transport"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/output"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/validate"
+)
+
+type consumeCmdOpts struct {
+	params    []string
+	jqExpr    string
+	quiet     bool
+	outputDir string
+
+	maxEvents int
+	timeout   time.Duration
+}
+
+func NewCmdConsume(f *cmdutil.Factory) *cobra.Command {
+	var o consumeCmdOpts
+
+	cmd := &cobra.Command{
+		Use:   "consume <EventKey>",
+		Short: "Start consuming events for an EventKey",
+		Long: `Start consuming real-time events for the given EventKey.
+
+The consume command connects to the event bus daemon (starting it if needed),
+subscribes to the specified EventKey, and streams processed events to stdout.
+
+Output is one JSON object per line (NDJSON). Pipe through 'jq .' if you need
+pretty-printed formatting.
+
+Use 'event list' to see all available EventKeys.
+Use 'event schema <EventKey>' for parameter details.`,
+		Args: cobra.ExactArgs(1),
+		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+			return runConsume(cmd, f, args[0], o)
+		},
+	}
+
+	cmd.Flags().StringArrayVarP(&o.params, "param", "p", nil, "Key=value parameter (repeatable)")
+	cmd.Flags().StringVar(&o.jqExpr, "jq", "", "JQ expression to filter output")
+	cmd.Flags().BoolVar(&o.quiet, "quiet", false, "Suppress informational messages on stderr")
+	cmd.Flags().StringVar(&o.outputDir, "output-dir", "", "Write each event as a file in this directory (relative paths only; absolute paths and ~ are rejected to prevent path traversal)")
+	cmd.Flags().IntVar(&o.maxEvents, "max-events", 0, "Exit after N successful emits (0 = unlimited). Multi-worker EventKeys may emit up to workers-1 past N before all workers stop.")
+	cmd.Flags().DurationVar(&o.timeout, "timeout", 0, "Exit after DURATION (e.g. 30s, 2m). 0 = no timeout. Timeout is a normal exit (code 0; stderr 'reason: timeout').")
+	cmd.Flags().String("as", "auto", "identity type: user | bot | auto (must match EventKey's declared AuthTypes)")
+	_ = cmd.RegisterFlagCompletionFunc("as", func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string, toComplete string) ([]string, cobra.ShellCompDirective) {
+		return []string{"user", "bot", "auto"}, cobra.ShellCompDirectiveNoFileComp
+	})
+
+	return cmd
+}
+
+func runConsume(cmd *cobra.Command, f *cmdutil.Factory, eventKey string, o consumeCmdOpts) error {
+	// Pipe-close (e.g. `... | head -n 1`) must reach the EPIPE error path in the loop, not SIGPIPE-kill.
+	ignoreBrokenPipe()
+
+	cfg, err := f.Config()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	paramMap, err := parseParams(o.params)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	keyDef, ok := eventlib.Lookup(eventKey)
+	if !ok {
+		return unknownEventKeyErr(eventKey)
+	}
+
+	identity, err := resolveIdentity(cmd, f, keyDef)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if o.jqExpr != "" {
+		if err := output.ValidateJqExpression(o.jqExpr); err != nil {
+			return output.ErrWithHint(
+				output.ExitValidation, "validation",
+				err.Error(),
+				fmt.Sprintf("see `lark-cli event consume --help` EXAMPLES for common patterns, or `lark-cli event schema %s` for valid field paths", eventKey),
+			)
+		}
+	}
+
+	outputDir := o.outputDir
+	if outputDir != "" {
+		safePath, err := sanitizeOutputDir(outputDir)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		outputDir = safePath
+	}
+
+	domain := core.ResolveEndpoints(cfg.Brand).Open
+
+	// Surface auth errors before forking the bus daemon.
+	if _, err := resolveTenantToken(cmd.Context(), f, cfg.AppID); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	apiClient, err := f.NewAPIClient()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	runtime := &consumeRuntime{client: apiClient, accessIdentity: identity}
+	// botRuntime pins AsBot: /app_versions rejects UAT (99991668) and /connection is app-level.
+	botRuntime := &consumeRuntime{client: apiClient, accessIdentity: core.AsBot}
+
+	// Weak-dependency fetch: failures leave appVer==nil and downgrade preflight to a no-op.
+	preflightErrOut := f.IOStreams.ErrOut
+	if o.quiet {
+		preflightErrOut = io.Discard
+	}
+	appVer, appVerErr := appmeta.FetchCurrentPublished(cmd.Context(), botRuntime, cfg.AppID)
+	switch {
+	case appVerErr != nil:
+		fmt.Fprintf(preflightErrOut, "[event] skipped console precheck: %s\n", describeAppMetaErr(appVerErr))
+	case appVer == nil:
+		fmt.Fprintln(preflightErrOut, "[event] skipped console precheck: app has no published version")
+	}
+
+	pf := &preflightCtx{
+		factory:  f,
+		appID:    cfg.AppID,
+		brand:    cfg.Brand,
+		eventKey: eventKey,
+		identity: identity,
+		keyDef:   keyDef,
+		appVer:   appVer,
+	}
+	if err := preflightEventTypes(pf); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := preflightScopes(cmd.Context(), pf); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(cmd.Context())
+	defer cancel()
+
+	sigCh := make(chan os.Signal, 1)
+	signal.Notify(sigCh, syscall.SIGINT, syscall.SIGTERM)
+	defer signal.Stop(sigCh)
+	go func() {
+		select {
+		case <-sigCh:
+			if !o.quiet && f.IOStreams.IsTerminal {
+				fmt.Fprintln(f.IOStreams.ErrOut, "\nShutting down...")
+			}
+			cancel()
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+		}
+	}()
+
+	errOut := f.IOStreams.ErrOut
+	if o.quiet {
+		errOut = io.Discard
+	}
+
+	// Non-TTY only: stdin EOF is shutdown for subprocess callers; in TTY Ctrl-D must not exit.
+	if !f.IOStreams.IsTerminal {
+		watchStdinEOF(os.Stdin, cancel, errOut)
+	}
+
+	if err := consume.Run(ctx, transport.New(), cfg.AppID, cfg.ProfileName, domain, consume.Options{
+		EventKey:        eventKey,
+		Params:          paramMap,
+		JQExpr:          o.jqExpr,
+		Quiet:           o.quiet,
+		OutputDir:       outputDir,
+		Runtime:         runtime,
+		Out:             f.IOStreams.Out,
+		ErrOut:          errOut,
+		RemoteAPIClient: botRuntime,
+		MaxEvents:       o.maxEvents,
+		Timeout:         o.timeout,
+		IsTTY:           f.IOStreams.IsTerminal,
+	}); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// resolveIdentity resolves the session identity and enforces keyDef.AuthTypes as a whitelist.
+func resolveIdentity(cmd *cobra.Command, f *cmdutil.Factory, keyDef *eventlib.KeyDefinition) (core.Identity, error) {
+	flagAs := core.Identity(cmd.Flag("as").Value.String())
+	identity := f.ResolveAs(cmd.Context(), cmd, flagAs)
+	if len(keyDef.AuthTypes) > 0 {
+		if err := f.CheckIdentity(identity, keyDef.AuthTypes); err != nil {
+			return "", err
+		}
+	}
+	return identity, nil
+}
+
+type preflightCtx struct {
+	factory  *cmdutil.Factory
+	appID    string
+	brand    core.LarkBrand
+	eventKey string
+	identity core.Identity
+	keyDef   *eventlib.KeyDefinition
+	appVer   *appmeta.AppVersion
+}
+
+// preflightScopes compares required scopes against session-available scopes (user: UAT stored; bot: appVer.TenantScopes).
+func preflightScopes(ctx context.Context, pf *preflightCtx) error {
+	if len(pf.keyDef.Scopes) == 0 || pf.identity == "" {
+		return nil
+	}
+	if ctx == nil {
+		ctx = context.Background()
+	}
+
+	var storedScopes string
+	switch {
+	case pf.identity.IsBot():
+		if pf.appVer == nil {
+			return nil
+		}
+		storedScopes = strings.Join(pf.appVer.TenantScopes, " ")
+	case pf.identity == core.AsUser:
+		result, err := pf.factory.Credential.ResolveToken(ctx, credential.NewTokenSpec(pf.identity, pf.appID))
+		if err != nil || result == nil || result.Scopes == "" {
+			return nil //nolint:nilerr // best-effort: bus handshake will surface real auth error
+		}
+		storedScopes = result.Scopes
+	default:
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	missing := auth.MissingScopes(storedScopes, pf.keyDef.Scopes)
+	if len(missing) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return output.ErrWithHint(
+		output.ExitAuth, "auth",
+		fmt.Sprintf("missing required scopes for EventKey %s (as %s): %s",
+			pf.eventKey, pf.identity, strings.Join(missing, ", ")),
+		scopeRemediationHint(pf.identity, missing, pf.appID, pf.brand),
+	)
+}
+
+// scopeRemediationHint returns an identity-appropriate fix for missing scopes.
+func scopeRemediationHint(identity core.Identity, missing []string, appID string, brand core.LarkBrand) string {
+	if identity.IsBot() {
+		return fmt.Sprintf(
+			"grant these scopes and publish a new app version at: %s",
+			consoleScopeGrantURL(brand, appID, missing),
+		)
+	}
+	return fmt.Sprintf(
+		"run `lark-cli auth login --scope \"%s\"` in the background. It blocks and outputs a verification URL — retrieve the URL and open it in a browser to complete login.",
+		strings.Join(missing, " "),
+	)
+}
+
+// preflightEventTypes verifies every RequiredConsoleEvents entry is subscribed in the app's current published version.
+func preflightEventTypes(pf *preflightCtx) error {
+	if pf.appVer == nil || len(pf.keyDef.RequiredConsoleEvents) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	subscribed := make(map[string]bool, len(pf.appVer.EventTypes))
+	for _, t := range pf.appVer.EventTypes {
+		subscribed[t] = true
+	}
+	var missing []string
+	for _, t := range pf.keyDef.RequiredConsoleEvents {
+		if !subscribed[t] {
+			missing = append(missing, t)
+		}
+	}
+	if len(missing) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return output.ErrWithHint(
+		output.ExitValidation, "validation",
+		fmt.Sprintf("EventKey %s requires event types not subscribed in console: %s",
+			pf.keyDef.Key, strings.Join(missing, ", ")),
+		fmt.Sprintf("subscribe these events and publish a new app version at: %s",
+			consoleEventSubscriptionURL(pf.brand, pf.appID)),
+	)
+}
+
+// sanitizeOutputDir rejects absolute/parent-escaping paths and ~ (SafeOutputPath treats it as a literal dir name).
+func sanitizeOutputDir(dir string) (string, error) {
+	if strings.HasPrefix(dir, "~") {
+		return "", output.ErrValidation("%s; use a relative path like ./output instead", errOutputDirTilde)
+	}
+	safe, err := validate.SafeOutputPath(dir)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", output.ErrValidation("%s %q: %s", errOutputDirUnsafe, dir, err)
+	}
+	return safe, nil
+}
+
+// resolveTenantToken fetches the app's tenant access token.
+func resolveTenantToken(ctx context.Context, f *cmdutil.Factory, appID string) (string, error) {
+	if ctx == nil {
+		ctx = context.Background()
+	}
+	result, err := f.Credential.ResolveToken(ctx, credential.NewTokenSpec(core.AsBot, appID))
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", output.ErrAuth("resolve tenant access token: %s", err)
+	}
+	if result == nil || result.Token == "" {
+		return "", output.ErrWithHint(
+			output.ExitAuth, "auth",
+			fmt.Sprintf("no tenant access token available for app %s", appID),
+			"Check that app_secret is configured (lark-cli config show) and try 'lark-cli auth login'.",
+		)
+	}
+	return result.Token, nil
+}
+
+var (
+	errInvalidParamFormat = errors.New("invalid --param format")
+	errOutputDirTilde     = errors.New("--output-dir does not support ~ expansion")
+	errOutputDirUnsafe    = errors.New("unsafe --output-dir")
+)
+
+func parseParams(raw []string) (map[string]string, error) {
+	m := make(map[string]string)
+	for _, kv := range raw {
+		k, v, ok := strings.Cut(kv, "=")
+		if !ok || k == "" {
+			return nil, output.ErrValidation("%s %q: expected key=value", errInvalidParamFormat, kv)
+		}
+		m[k] = v
+	}
+	return m, nil
+}
+
+// watchStdinEOF drains r until EOF, writes a diagnostic, then cancels; only safe in non-TTY mode.
+func watchStdinEOF(r io.Reader, cancel context.CancelFunc, errOut io.Writer) {
+	go func() {
+		_, _ = io.Copy(io.Discard, r)
+		fmt.Fprintln(errOut, "[event] stdin closed — shutting down. "+
+			"consume treats stdin EOF as exit signal (wired for AI subprocess callers). "+
+			"To keep running: pass --max-events/--timeout for bounded run, "+
+			"or keep stdin open (e.g. `< /dev/tty` interactive, `< <(tail -f /dev/null)` script), "+
+			"or stop via SIGTERM instead of closing stdin.")
+		cancel()
+	}()
+}

cmd/event/consume_stdin_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package event
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"context"
+	"io"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+)
+
+func TestWatchStdinEOF_CancelsOnEOF(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	defer cancel()
+
+	watchStdinEOF(strings.NewReader(""), cancel, io.Discard)
+
+	select {
+	case <-ctx.Done():
+	case <-time.After(1 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("watchStdinEOF did not cancel within 1s of EOF")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestWatchStdinEOF_StaysAliveWhileReaderBlocks(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	defer cancel()
+
+	pr, _ := io.Pipe()
+	defer pr.Close()
+
+	watchStdinEOF(pr, cancel, io.Discard)
+
+	select {
+	case <-ctx.Done():
+		t.Fatal("watchStdinEOF cancelled without EOF")
+	case <-time.After(200 * time.Millisecond):
+	}
+}
+
+// On EOF the watcher must emit a diagnostic naming stdin close + workarounds (daemon-style callers depend on it).
+func TestWatchStdinEOF_DiagnosticMessage(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	defer cancel()
+
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	watchStdinEOF(strings.NewReader(""), cancel, &buf)
+
+	select {
+	case <-ctx.Done():
+		got := buf.String()
+		for _, want := range []string{"stdin closed", "--max-events", "--timeout", "SIGTERM"} {
+			if !strings.Contains(got, want) {
+				t.Errorf("diagnostic missing %q; got:\n%s", want, got)
+			}
+		}
+	case <-time.After(1 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("watchStdinEOF did not cancel within 1s of EOF")
+	}
+}

cmd/event/consume_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package event
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestParseParams(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := []struct {
+		name       string
+		in         []string
+		want       map[string]string
+		wantSentry error
+		wantEcho   string
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "empty input",
+			in:   nil,
+			want: map[string]string{},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "single key=value",
+			in:   []string{"mailbox=user@example.com"},
+			want: map[string]string{"mailbox": "user@example.com"},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "multiple pairs",
+			in:   []string{"a=1", "b=2", "c=3"},
+			want: map[string]string{"a": "1", "b": "2", "c": "3"},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "value containing = is kept intact",
+			in:   []string{"filter=foo=bar"},
+			want: map[string]string{"filter": "foo=bar"},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "empty value allowed",
+			in:   []string{"key="},
+			want: map[string]string{"key": ""},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "duplicate key — last wins",
+			in:   []string{"k=1", "k=2"},
+			want: map[string]string{"k": "2"},
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "missing = separator",
+			in:         []string{"mailbox"},
+			wantSentry: errInvalidParamFormat,
+			wantEcho:   `"mailbox"`,
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "leading = (empty key)",
+			in:         []string{"=value"},
+			wantSentry: errInvalidParamFormat,
+			wantEcho:   `"=value"`,
+		},
+	}
+	for _, tc := range cases {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			got, err := parseParams(tc.in)
+			if tc.wantSentry != nil {
+				if err == nil {
+					t.Fatalf("want error wrapping %v, got nil", tc.wantSentry)
+				}
+				if !errors.Is(err, tc.wantSentry) {
+					t.Fatalf("want errors.Is(err, %v), got %q", tc.wantSentry, err.Error())
+				}
+				if tc.wantEcho != "" && !strings.Contains(err.Error(), tc.wantEcho) {
+					t.Errorf("err %q should echo %q so user sees the bad input", err.Error(), tc.wantEcho)
+				}
+				return
+			}
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+			}
+			if len(got) != len(tc.want) {
+				t.Fatalf("len = %d, want %d; got=%v", len(got), len(tc.want), got)
+			}
+			for k, v := range tc.want {
+				if got[k] != v {
+					t.Errorf("key %q: got %q, want %q", k, got[k], v)
+				}
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSanitizeOutputDir(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := []struct {
+		name       string
+		in         string
+		wantSentry error
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "relative path accepted",
+			in:   "./output",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "nested relative path accepted",
+			in:   "events/today",
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "tilde rejected explicitly",
+			in:         "~/events",
+			wantSentry: errOutputDirTilde,
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "parent escape rejected",
+			in:         "../outside",
+			wantSentry: errOutputDirUnsafe,
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "absolute path rejected",
+			in:         "/tmp/events",
+			wantSentry: errOutputDirUnsafe,
+		},
+	}
+	for _, tc := range cases {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			got, err := sanitizeOutputDir(tc.in)
+			if tc.wantSentry != nil {
+				if err == nil {
+					t.Fatalf("want error wrapping %v, got nil (path=%q)", tc.wantSentry, got)
+				}
+				if !errors.Is(err, tc.wantSentry) {
+					t.Fatalf("want errors.Is(err, %v), got %q", tc.wantSentry, err.Error())
+				}
+				return
+			}
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+			}
+			if got == "" {
+				t.Errorf("expected non-empty safe path, got %q", got)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}

cmd/event/event.go

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package event
+
+import (
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
+)
+
+func NewCmdEvents(f *cmdutil.Factory) *cobra.Command {
+	cmd := &cobra.Command{
+		Use:   "event",
+		Short: "Consume and manage real-time events",
+		Long:  `Unified event consumption system. Use 'event consume <EventKey>' to start consuming events.`,
+		// Without SilenceUsage, RunE errors print the full flag help banner.
+		SilenceUsage: true,
+	}
+
+	cmd.AddCommand(NewCmdConsume(f))
+	cmd.AddCommand(NewCmdList(f))
+	cmd.AddCommand(NewCmdSchema(f))
+	cmd.AddCommand(NewCmdStatus(f))
+	cmd.AddCommand(NewCmdStop(f))
+	cmd.AddCommand(NewCmdBus(f))
+
+	return cmd
+}

cmd/event/format_helpers_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,265 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package event
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/event/protocol"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/output"
+)
+
+func TestWriteStopJSON_ShapeAndEmpty(t *testing.T) {
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	if err := writeStopJSON(&buf, []stopResult{
+		{AppID: "cli_XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX", Status: stopStopped, PID: 42},
+		{AppID: "cli_YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY", Status: stopRefused, PID: 43, Reason: "2 active consumer(s)"},
+	}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("writeStopJSON: %v", err)
+	}
+	var got struct {
+		Results []map[string]interface{} `json:"results"`
+	}
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(buf.Bytes(), &got); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("output is not valid JSON: %v\n%s", err, buf.String())
+	}
+	if len(got.Results) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("results len = %d, want 2", len(got.Results))
+	}
+	if got.Results[0]["status"] != "stopped" {
+		t.Errorf("results[0].status = %v, want stopped", got.Results[0]["status"])
+	}
+	if got.Results[1]["status"] != "refused" {
+		t.Errorf("results[1].status = %v, want refused", got.Results[1]["status"])
+	}
+
+	buf.Reset()
+	if err := writeStopJSON(&buf, nil); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("writeStopJSON(nil): %v", err)
+	}
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(buf.Bytes(), &got); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("nil output is not JSON: %v\n%s", err, buf.String())
+	}
+	if got.Results == nil || len(got.Results) != 0 {
+		t.Errorf("results = %v, want []", got.Results)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestWriteStopText_RoutesToStdoutOrStderr(t *testing.T) {
+	var out, errOut bytes.Buffer
+	writeStopText(&out, &errOut, []stopResult{
+		{AppID: "cli_XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX", Status: stopStopped, PID: 1},
+		{AppID: "cli_YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY", Status: stopNoBus},
+		{AppID: "cli_ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ", Status: stopRefused, Reason: "busy"},
+		{AppID: "cli_WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW", Status: stopErrored, Reason: "kill failed"},
+	})
+	if !strings.Contains(out.String(), "Bus stopped for cli_XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX") {
+		t.Errorf("stopped line missing from stdout: %q", out.String())
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(out.String(), "No bus running for cli_YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY") {
+		t.Errorf("no-bus line missing from stdout: %q", out.String())
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(errOut.String(), "Refused stopping cli_ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ: busy") {
+		t.Errorf("refused line missing from stderr: %q", errOut.String())
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(errOut.String(), "Error stopping cli_WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW: kill failed") {
+		t.Errorf("error line missing from stderr: %q", errOut.String())
+	}
+	if strings.Contains(out.String(), "Refused") || strings.Contains(out.String(), "Error") {
+		t.Errorf("failure lines leaked to stdout: %q", out.String())
+	}
+}
+
+func TestBusState_String(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, tc := range []struct {
+		s    busState
+		want string
+	}{
+		{stateNotRunning, "not_running"},
+		{stateRunning, "running"},
+		{stateOrphan, "orphan"},
+	} {
+		if got := tc.s.String(); got != tc.want {
+			t.Errorf("busState(%d).String() = %q, want %q", tc.s, got, tc.want)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestHumanizeDuration_AllBuckets(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, tc := range []struct {
+		d    time.Duration
+		want string
+	}{
+		{30 * time.Second, "30s ago"},
+		{90 * time.Second, "1m ago"},
+		{2 * time.Hour, "2h ago"},
+		{50 * time.Hour, "2d ago"},
+	} {
+		if got := humanizeDuration(tc.d); got != tc.want {
+			t.Errorf("humanizeDuration(%v) = %q, want %q", tc.d, got, tc.want)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestWriteStatusText_CoversAllStates(t *testing.T) {
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	writeStatusText(&buf, []appStatus{
+		{AppID: "cli_NOTRUNNINGXXXXXX", State: stateNotRunning},
+		{
+			AppID:     "cli_RUNNINGXXXXXXXXX",
+			State:     stateRunning,
+			PID:       1234,
+			UptimeSec: 3661,
+			Active:    2,
+			Consumers: []protocol.ConsumerInfo{
+				{PID: 10, EventKey: "im.message.receive_v1", Received: 5, Dropped: 0},
+				{PID: 11, EventKey: "im.message.receive_v1", Received: 3, Dropped: 1},
+			},
+		},
+		{AppID: "cli_ORPHANXXXXXXXXXX", State: stateOrphan, PID: 5678, UptimeSec: 3600},
+	})
+	out := buf.String()
+	for _, want := range []string{
+		"── cli_NOTRUNNINGXXXXXX ──",
+		"Bus: not running",
+		"── cli_RUNNINGXXXXXXXXX ──",
+		"running (PID 1234",
+		"Active consumers: 2",
+		"im.message.receive_v1",
+		"── cli_ORPHANXXXXXXXXXX ──",
+		"orphan (PID 5678",
+		"Action:  kill 5678",
+	} {
+		if !strings.Contains(out, want) {
+			t.Errorf("writeStatusText missing %q; full:\n%s", want, out)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestWriteStatusJSON_OrphanHint(t *testing.T) {
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	if err := writeStatusJSON(&buf, []appStatus{
+		{AppID: "cli_ORPHANXXXXXXXXXX", State: stateOrphan, PID: 99, UptimeSec: 60},
+		{AppID: "cli_RUNNINGXXXXXXXXX", State: stateRunning, PID: 1, UptimeSec: 10, Active: 0},
+	}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("writeStatusJSON: %v", err)
+	}
+	var got struct {
+		Apps []map[string]interface{} `json:"apps"`
+	}
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(buf.Bytes(), &got); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("output is not JSON: %v\n%s", err, buf.String())
+	}
+	if len(got.Apps) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("apps len = %d", len(got.Apps))
+	}
+	orphan := got.Apps[0]
+	if orphan["status"] != "orphan" {
+		t.Errorf("orphan status = %v", orphan["status"])
+	}
+	if orphan["suggested_action"] != "kill 99" {
+		t.Errorf("orphan suggested_action = %v, want 'kill 99'", orphan["suggested_action"])
+	}
+	if orphan["issue"] == nil {
+		t.Error("orphan issue missing")
+	}
+	run := got.Apps[1]
+	if run["issue"] != nil {
+		t.Errorf("running entry leaked issue: %v", run["issue"])
+	}
+	if run["suggested_action"] != nil {
+		t.Errorf("running entry leaked suggested_action: %v", run["suggested_action"])
+	}
+}
+
+func TestExitForOrphan(t *testing.T) {
+	orphan := []appStatus{{State: stateOrphan}}
+	running := []appStatus{{State: stateRunning}}
+
+	if err := exitForOrphan(orphan, false); err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("flag off + orphan → nil expected, got %v", err)
+	}
+	if err := exitForOrphan(running, false); err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("flag off + running → nil expected, got %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if err := exitForOrphan(running, true); err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("flag on + no orphan → nil expected, got %v", err)
+	}
+	err := exitForOrphan(orphan, true)
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("flag on + orphan → expected error, got nil")
+	}
+	var exit *output.ExitError
+	if !errorAs(err, &exit) || exit.Code != output.ExitValidation {
+		t.Errorf("exit code = %v, want ExitValidation", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func errorAs(err error, target interface{}) bool {
+	if e, ok := err.(*output.ExitError); ok {
+		if t, ok := target.(**output.ExitError); ok {
+			*t = e
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func TestNewCmdFactories_WireFlags(t *testing.T) {
+	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{AppID: "cli_XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX"})
+
+	t.Run("consume", func(t *testing.T) {
+		cmd := NewCmdConsume(f)
+		for _, flag := range []string{"param", "jq", "quiet", "output-dir", "max-events", "timeout", "as"} {
+			if cmd.Flags().Lookup(flag) == nil {
+				t.Errorf("consume missing --%s flag", flag)
+			}
+		}
+		if cmd.RunE == nil {
+			t.Error("consume RunE is nil")
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("status", func(t *testing.T) {
+		cmd := NewCmdStatus(f)
+		for _, flag := range []string{"json", "current", "fail-on-orphan"} {
+			if cmd.Flags().Lookup(flag) == nil {
+				t.Errorf("status missing --%s flag", flag)
+			}
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("stop", func(t *testing.T) {
+		cmd := NewCmdStop(f)
+		for _, flag := range []string{"app-id", "all", "force", "json"} {
+			if cmd.Flags().Lookup(flag) == nil {
+				t.Errorf("stop missing --%s flag", flag)
+			}
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("list", func(t *testing.T) {
+		cmd := NewCmdList(f)
+		if cmd.Flags().Lookup("json") == nil {
+			t.Error("list missing --json flag")
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("bus", func(t *testing.T) {
+		cmd := NewCmdBus(f)
+		if !cmd.Hidden {
+			t.Error("bus should be hidden (internal daemon entrypoint)")
+		}
+		if cmd.Flags().Lookup("domain") == nil {
+			t.Error("bus missing --domain flag")
+		}
+	})
+}

cmd/event/list.go

@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package event
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
+	eventlib "github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/event"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/output"
+)
+
+func NewCmdList(f *cmdutil.Factory) *cobra.Command {
+	var asJSON bool
+	cmd := &cobra.Command{
+		Use:   "list",
+		Short: "List all available EventKeys",
+		Long:  "Show all registered EventKeys grouped by domain (first segment of the key). Use --json for machine-readable output.",
+		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+			return runList(f, asJSON)
+		},
+	}
+	cmd.Flags().BoolVar(&asJSON, "json", false, "Emit the full EventKey list as JSON (for AI / scripts)")
+	return cmd
+}
+
+func runList(f *cmdutil.Factory, asJSON bool) error {
+	all := eventlib.ListAll()
+
+	if asJSON {
+		return writeListJSON(f, all)
+	}
+
+	if len(all) == 0 {
+		// stderr so `event list | jq` doesn't ingest it as a row.
+		fmt.Fprintln(f.IOStreams.ErrOut, "No EventKeys registered.")
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	type group struct {
+		domain string
+		keys   []*eventlib.KeyDefinition
+	}
+	order := []string{}
+	groups := map[string]*group{}
+
+	for _, def := range all {
+		domain := def.Key
+		if idx := strings.Index(def.Key, "."); idx > 0 {
+			domain = def.Key[:idx]
+		}
+		g, ok := groups[domain]
+		if !ok {
+			g = &group{domain: domain}
+			groups[domain] = g
+			order = append(order, domain)
+		}
+		g.keys = append(g.keys, def)
+	}
+
+	// Global widths (not per-section) keep "── domain ──" dividers aligned across groups.
+	headers := []string{"KEY", "AUTH", "PARAMS", "DESCRIPTION"}
+	rowsByDomain := make(map[string][][]string, len(order))
+	var allRows [][]string
+	for _, domain := range order {
+		for _, def := range groups[domain].keys {
+			auth := "-"
+			if len(def.AuthTypes) > 0 {
+				auth = strings.Join(def.AuthTypes, "|")
+			}
+			desc := def.Description
+			if desc == "" {
+				desc = "-"
+			}
+			row := []string{
+				def.Key,
+				auth,
+				fmt.Sprintf("%d", len(def.Params)),
+				desc,
+			}
+			rowsByDomain[domain] = append(rowsByDomain[domain], row)
+			allRows = append(allRows, row)
+		}
+	}
+
+	out := f.IOStreams.Out
+	const colGap = "  "
+	widths := tableWidths(headers, allRows)
+	printTableRow(out, widths, headers, colGap)
+	for _, domain := range order {
+		fmt.Fprintf(out, "\n── %s ──\n", domain)
+		for _, row := range rowsByDomain[domain] {
+			printTableRow(out, widths, row, colGap)
+		}
+	}
+	// stderr keeps stdout pipe-clean for `event list | jq`.
+	fmt.Fprintln(f.IOStreams.ErrOut, "\nUse 'event schema <key>' for details.")
+	return nil
+}
+
+func writeListJSON(f *cmdutil.Factory, all []*eventlib.KeyDefinition) error {
+	type row struct {
+		*eventlib.KeyDefinition
+		ResolvedSchema json.RawMessage `json:"resolved_output_schema,omitempty"`
+	}
+	rows := make([]row, len(all))
+	for i, def := range all {
+		resolved, _, err := resolveSchemaJSON(def)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		rows[i] = row{KeyDefinition: def, ResolvedSchema: resolved}
+	}
+	output.PrintJson(f.IOStreams.Out, rows)
+	return nil
+}

cmd/event/list_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package event
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
+
+	_ "github.com/larksuite/cli/events"
+)
+
+func TestRunList_TextOutput(t *testing.T) {
+	f, stdout, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{AppID: "test"})
+
+	if err := runList(f, false); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("runList: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	out := stdout.String()
+	for _, want := range []string{
+		"KEY", "AUTH", "PARAMS", "DESCRIPTION",
+		"im.message.receive_v1",
+		"im.message.message_read_v1",
+	} {
+		if !strings.Contains(out, want) {
+			t.Errorf("list output missing %q; full output:\n%s", want, out)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRunList_JSONOutput(t *testing.T) {
+	f, stdout, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{AppID: "test"})
+
+	if err := runList(f, true); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("runList json: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	var rows []map[string]interface{}
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(stdout.Bytes(), &rows); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("output is not valid JSON: %v\n%s", err, stdout.String())
+	}
+	if len(rows) == 0 {
+		t.Fatal("expected at least one EventKey in JSON output")
+	}
+
+	for _, row := range rows {
+		for _, field := range []string{"key", "event_type", "schema"} {
+			if row[field] == nil {
+				t.Errorf("row missing %q: %+v", field, row)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}

cmd/event/preflight_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,176 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package event
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/appmeta"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
+	eventlib "github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/event"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/output"
+)
+
+func newPreflightCtx(appID string, brand core.LarkBrand, identity core.Identity, keyDef *eventlib.KeyDefinition, appVer *appmeta.AppVersion) *preflightCtx {
+	key := ""
+	if keyDef != nil {
+		key = keyDef.Key
+	}
+	return &preflightCtx{
+		appID:    appID,
+		brand:    brand,
+		eventKey: key,
+		identity: identity,
+		keyDef:   keyDef,
+		appVer:   appVer,
+	}
+}
+
+func TestPreflightEventTypes_NilAppVer_SkipsCheck(t *testing.T) {
+	def := &eventlib.KeyDefinition{
+		Key:                   "im.message.text",
+		EventType:             "im.message.receive_v1",
+		RequiredConsoleEvents: []string{"im.message.receive_v1"},
+	}
+	if err := preflightEventTypes(newPreflightCtx("cli_x", "feishu", "", def, nil)); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("nil appVer must be a weak-dependency skip, got err: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestPreflightEventTypes_EmptyRequired_SkipsEvenIfEventTypeSet(t *testing.T) {
+	def := &eventlib.KeyDefinition{
+		Key:       "im.message.message_read_v1",
+		EventType: "im.message.message_read_v1",
+	}
+	appVer := &appmeta.AppVersion{EventTypes: []string{"im.message.receive_v1"}}
+	if err := preflightEventTypes(newPreflightCtx("cli_x", "feishu", "", def, appVer)); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("empty RequiredConsoleEvents must skip, got: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestPreflightEventTypes_AllSubscribed_Passes(t *testing.T) {
+	def := &eventlib.KeyDefinition{
+		Key:       "im.reaction",
+		EventType: "im.message.reaction.created_v1",
+		RequiredConsoleEvents: []string{
+			"im.message.reaction.created_v1",
+			"im.message.reaction.deleted_v1",
+		},
+	}
+	appVer := &appmeta.AppVersion{EventTypes: []string{
+		"im.message.reaction.created_v1",
+		"im.message.reaction.deleted_v1",
+		"im.message.receive_v1",
+	}}
+	if err := preflightEventTypes(newPreflightCtx("cli_x", "feishu", "", def, appVer)); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestPreflightEventTypes_MissingBlocks(t *testing.T) {
+	def := &eventlib.KeyDefinition{
+		Key:       "mail.receive",
+		EventType: "mail.user_mailbox.event.message_received_v1",
+		RequiredConsoleEvents: []string{
+			"mail.user_mailbox.event.message_received_v1",
+			"mail.user_mailbox.event.message_read_v1",
+		},
+	}
+	appVer := &appmeta.AppVersion{EventTypes: []string{
+		"mail.user_mailbox.event.message_received_v1",
+	}}
+	err := preflightEventTypes(newPreflightCtx("cli_XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX", "feishu", "", def, appVer))
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected error for missing subscription")
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "mail.user_mailbox.event.message_read_v1") {
+		t.Errorf("error should name the missing event type, got: %v", err)
+	}
+	var exit *output.ExitError
+	if !errors.As(err, &exit) {
+		t.Fatalf("expected output.ExitError, got %T: %v", err, err)
+	}
+	if exit.Code != output.ExitValidation {
+		t.Errorf("ExitCode = %d, want ExitValidation (%d)", exit.Code, output.ExitValidation)
+	}
+	if exit.Detail == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected Detail with hint")
+	}
+	wantURL := "https://open.feishu.cn/app/cli_XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX/event"
+	if !strings.Contains(exit.Detail.Hint, wantURL) {
+		t.Errorf("hint missing subscription URL %q\ngot: %s", wantURL, exit.Detail.Hint)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestPreflightScopes_Bot_NoAppVer_SkipsCheck(t *testing.T) {
+	def := &eventlib.KeyDefinition{
+		Key:    "im.message.text",
+		Scopes: []string{"im:message", "im:message.group_at_msg"},
+	}
+	err := preflightScopes(nil, newPreflightCtx("cli_x", "feishu", core.AsBot, def, nil))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("bot + nil appVer should skip, got: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestPreflightScopes_Bot_AllGranted_Passes(t *testing.T) {
+	def := &eventlib.KeyDefinition{
+		Key:    "im.message.text",
+		Scopes: []string{"im:message", "im:message.group_at_msg"},
+	}
+	appVer := &appmeta.AppVersion{TenantScopes: []string{
+		"im:message",
+		"im:message.group_at_msg",
+		"contact:user:readonly",
+	}}
+	err := preflightScopes(nil, newPreflightCtx("cli_x", "feishu", core.AsBot, def, appVer))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("all scopes granted, unexpected error: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestPreflightScopes_Bot_MissingBlocks(t *testing.T) {
+	def := &eventlib.KeyDefinition{
+		Key:    "im.message.text",
+		Scopes: []string{"im:message", "im:message.group_at_msg"},
+	}
+	appVer := &appmeta.AppVersion{TenantScopes: []string{"im:message"}}
+	err := preflightScopes(nil, newPreflightCtx("cli_x", "feishu", core.AsBot, def, appVer))
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected error for missing scope")
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "im:message.group_at_msg") {
+		t.Errorf("error should name missing scope, got: %v", err)
+	}
+	var exit *output.ExitError
+	if !errors.As(err, &exit) {
+		t.Fatalf("expected output.ExitError, got %T: %v", err, err)
+	}
+	if exit.Code != output.ExitAuth {
+		t.Errorf("ExitCode = %d, want ExitAuth (%d)", exit.Code, output.ExitAuth)
+	}
+	if exit.Detail == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected Detail with hint, got nil Detail")
+	}
+	hint := exit.Detail.Hint
+	wantSubstrings := []string{
+		"https://open.feishu.cn/app/cli_x/auth?q=",
+		"im:message.group_at_msg",
+		"token_type=tenant",
+	}
+	for _, want := range wantSubstrings {
+		if !strings.Contains(hint, want) {
+			t.Errorf("hint missing %q\ngot: %s", want, hint)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestPreflightScopes_NoRequiredScopes_SkipsCheck(t *testing.T) {
+	def := &eventlib.KeyDefinition{Key: "x"}
+	if err := preflightScopes(nil, newPreflightCtx("cli_x", "feishu", core.AsBot, def, nil)); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("no required scopes means nothing to verify, got: %v", err)
+	}
+}

cmd/event/runtime.go

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package event
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/client"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
+)
+
+// consumeRuntime routes event.APIClient calls through the shared client.APIClient with a pinned identity.
+type consumeRuntime struct {
+	client         *client.APIClient
+	accessIdentity core.Identity
+}
+
+func (r *consumeRuntime) CallAPI(ctx context.Context, method, path string, body interface{}) (json.RawMessage, error) {
+	resp, err := r.client.DoAPI(ctx, client.RawApiRequest{
+		Method: method,
+		URL:    path,
+		Data:   body,
+		As:     r.accessIdentity,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	// Non-JSON HTTP errors (gateway text/plain 404 etc.) skip OAPI envelope parsing.
+	ct := resp.Header.Get("Content-Type")
+	if resp.StatusCode >= 400 && !client.IsJSONContentType(ct) && ct != "" {
+		const maxBodyEcho = 256
+		body := string(resp.RawBody)
+		if len(body) > maxBodyEcho {
+			body = body[:maxBodyEcho] + "…(truncated)"
+		}
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("api %s %s returned %d: %s", method, path, resp.StatusCode, body)
+	}
+	result, err := client.ParseJSONResponse(resp)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if apiErr := client.CheckLarkResponse(result); apiErr != nil {
+		return json.RawMessage(resp.RawBody), apiErr
+	}
+	return json.RawMessage(resp.RawBody), nil
+}

cmd/event/schema.go

@@ -0,0 +1,223 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package event
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"text/tabwriter"
+
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
+	eventlib "github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/event"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/event/schemas"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/output"
+)
+
+// resolveSchemaJSON returns the final JSON Schema for an EventKey (reflected base, V2-wrapped for Native, overlay applied); orphans lists unresolved FieldOverrides pointers.
+func resolveSchemaJSON(def *eventlib.KeyDefinition) (json.RawMessage, []string, error) {
+	spec, isNative := pickSpec(def.Schema)
+	if spec == nil {
+		return nil, nil, nil
+	}
+
+	base, err := renderSpec(spec)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+	if base == nil {
+		return nil, nil, nil
+	}
+
+	if isNative {
+		base = schemas.WrapV2Envelope(base)
+	}
+
+	if len(def.Schema.FieldOverrides) > 0 {
+		var parsed map[string]interface{}
+		if err := json.Unmarshal(base, &parsed); err != nil {
+			return nil, nil, err
+		}
+		orphans := schemas.ApplyFieldOverrides(parsed, def.Schema.FieldOverrides)
+		out, err := json.Marshal(parsed)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, nil, err
+		}
+		return out, orphans, nil
+	}
+
+	return base, nil, nil
+}
+
+// pickSpec returns the non-nil spec and whether it is Native (requires V2 envelope wrap).
+func pickSpec(s eventlib.SchemaDef) (*eventlib.SchemaSpec, bool) {
+	if s.Native != nil {
+		return s.Native, true
+	}
+	if s.Custom != nil {
+		return s.Custom, false
+	}
+	return nil, false
+}
+
+// renderSpec produces a JSON Schema from Type (reflected) or Raw (copied).
+func renderSpec(s *eventlib.SchemaSpec) (json.RawMessage, error) {
+	if s.Type != nil {
+		return schemas.FromType(s.Type), nil
+	}
+	if len(s.Raw) > 0 {
+		buf := make(json.RawMessage, len(s.Raw))
+		copy(buf, s.Raw)
+		return buf, nil
+	}
+	return nil, fmt.Errorf("schemaSpec has neither Type nor Raw")
+}
+
+func NewCmdSchema(f *cmdutil.Factory) *cobra.Command {
+	var asJSON bool
+	cmd := &cobra.Command{
+		Use:   "schema <EventKey>",
+		Short: "Show details for an EventKey",
+		Long:  "Display detailed information about an EventKey including type, events, parameters, and response schema. Use --json for machine-readable output.",
+		Args:  cobra.ExactArgs(1),
+		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+			return runSchema(f, args[0], asJSON)
+		},
+	}
+	cmd.Flags().BoolVar(&asJSON, "json", false, "Emit the EventKey definition + resolved schema as JSON (for AI / scripts)")
+	return cmd
+}
+
+func runSchema(f *cmdutil.Factory, key string, asJSON bool) error {
+	def, ok := eventlib.Lookup(key)
+	if !ok {
+		return unknownEventKeyErr(key)
+	}
+
+	if asJSON {
+		return writeSchemaJSON(f, def)
+	}
+
+	out := f.IOStreams.Out
+
+	fmt.Fprintf(out, "Key:         %s\n", def.Key)
+	if def.Description != "" {
+		fmt.Fprintf(out, "Description: %s\n", def.Description)
+	}
+	fmt.Fprintf(out, "Event:       %s\n", def.EventType)
+
+	if def.PreConsume != nil {
+		fmt.Fprintf(out, "Pre-consume: yes\n")
+	}
+
+	if len(def.Scopes) > 0 {
+		fmt.Fprintf(out, "\nRequired Scopes:\n")
+		for _, s := range def.Scopes {
+			fmt.Fprintf(out, "  - %s\n", s)
+		}
+	}
+
+	if len(def.RequiredConsoleEvents) > 0 {
+		fmt.Fprintf(out, "\nRequired Console Events (must be enabled in developer console):\n")
+		for _, e := range def.RequiredConsoleEvents {
+			fmt.Fprintf(out, "  - %s\n", e)
+		}
+	}
+
+	if len(def.Params) > 0 {
+		fmt.Fprintf(out, "\nParameters:\n")
+		w := tabwriter.NewWriter(out, 0, 4, 2, ' ', 0)
+		fmt.Fprintf(w, "  NAME\tTYPE\tREQUIRED\tDEFAULT\tDESCRIPTION\n")
+		for _, p := range def.Params {
+			required := "no"
+			if p.Required {
+				required = "yes"
+			}
+			defaultVal := p.Default
+			if defaultVal == "" {
+				defaultVal = "-"
+			}
+			desc := p.Description
+			if desc == "" {
+				desc = "-"
+			}
+			fmt.Fprintf(w, "  %s\t%s\t%s\t%s\t%s\n", p.Name, p.Type, required, defaultVal, desc)
+		}
+		w.Flush()
+
+		// Inline Values below the table so AI consumers see allowed enum/multi values without --json.
+		for _, p := range def.Params {
+			if len(p.Values) == 0 {
+				continue
+			}
+			fmt.Fprintf(out, "\n  %s values:\n", p.Name)
+			vw := tabwriter.NewWriter(out, 0, 4, 2, ' ', 0)
+			for _, v := range p.Values {
+				fmt.Fprintf(vw, "    %s\t%s\n", v.Value, v.Desc)
+			}
+			vw.Flush()
+		}
+	}
+
+	resolved, _, err := resolveSchemaJSON(def)
+	if err != nil {
+		return output.Errorf(output.ExitInternal, "internal", "resolve schema: %v", err)
+	}
+	if resolved != nil {
+		fmt.Fprintf(out, "\nOutput Schema:\n")
+		printIndentedJSON(out, resolved)
+	} else {
+		fmt.Fprintf(out, "\nOutput Schema: (schema not declared)\n")
+		if def.Schema.Native != nil {
+			fmt.Fprintf(out, "  Consumers receive the V2 envelope: {schema, header, event}.\n")
+			fmt.Fprintf(out, "  Inspect real payloads via `lark-cli event consume %s`.\n", def.Key)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// printIndentedJSON pretty-prints raw JSON with a 2-space leading indent.
+func printIndentedJSON(out io.Writer, raw json.RawMessage) {
+	var parsed json.RawMessage
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(raw, &parsed); err != nil {
+		fmt.Fprintln(out, "  <invalid JSON>")
+		return
+	}
+	formatted, err := json.MarshalIndent(parsed, "  ", "  ")
+	if err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+	fmt.Fprintf(out, "  %s\n", string(formatted))
+}
+
+// writeSchemaJSON emits the EventKey definition plus resolved schema; jq_root_path tells callers whether fields live at `.` or `.event`.
+func writeSchemaJSON(f *cmdutil.Factory, def *eventlib.KeyDefinition) error {
+	type payload struct {
+		*eventlib.KeyDefinition
+		ResolvedSchema json.RawMessage `json:"resolved_output_schema,omitempty"`
+		JQRootPath     string          `json:"jq_root_path,omitempty"`
+	}
+	resolved, _, err := resolveSchemaJSON(def)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	var jqRootPath string
+	if resolved != nil {
+		// Native → V2 envelope ⇒ `.event.xxx`; Custom → flat ⇒ `.`.
+		_, isNative := pickSpec(def.Schema)
+		jqRootPath = "."
+		if isNative {
+			jqRootPath = ".event"
+		}
+	}
+	output.PrintJson(f.IOStreams.Out, payload{
+		KeyDefinition:  def,
+		ResolvedSchema: resolved,
+		JQRootPath:     jqRootPath,
+	})
+	return nil
+}

cmd/event/schema_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package event
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"reflect"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
+	eventlib "github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/event"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/event/schemas"
+
+	_ "github.com/larksuite/cli/events"
+)
+
+func TestRunSchema_ProcessedKey_Text(t *testing.T) {
+	f, stdout, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{AppID: "test"})
+
+	if err := runSchema(f, "im.message.receive_v1", false); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("runSchema: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	out := stdout.String()
+	for _, want := range []string{
+		"Key:", "im.message.receive_v1",
+		"Event:", "im.message.receive_v1",
+		"Output Schema:",
+		`"message_id"`,
+	} {
+		if !strings.Contains(out, want) {
+			t.Errorf("schema output missing %q; got:\n%s", want, out)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRunSchema_NativeKey_WrapsEnvelope(t *testing.T) {
+	f, stdout, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{AppID: "test"})
+
+	if err := runSchema(f, "im.message.message_read_v1", false); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("runSchema: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	out := stdout.String()
+	for _, want := range []string{
+		"Output Schema:",
+		`"schema"`,
+		`"header"`,
+		`"event"`,
+	} {
+		if !strings.Contains(out, want) {
+			t.Errorf("native schema output missing %q; got:\n%s", want, out)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRunSchema_UnknownKey_SuggestsAlternatives(t *testing.T) {
+	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{AppID: "test"})
+
+	err := runSchema(f, "im.message.recieve_v1", false)
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected error for unknown key")
+	}
+	msg := err.Error()
+	if !strings.Contains(msg, "unknown EventKey") {
+		t.Errorf("error should mention unknown EventKey: %q", msg)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(msg, "im.message.receive_v1") {
+		t.Errorf("error should suggest the real key name (typo correction): %q", msg)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRunSchema_JSONOutput(t *testing.T) {
+	f, stdout, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{AppID: "test"})
+
+	if err := runSchema(f, "im.message.receive_v1", true); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("runSchema json: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	var payload map[string]interface{}
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(stdout.Bytes(), &payload); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("output is not valid JSON: %v\n%s", err, stdout.String())
+	}
+	for _, field := range []string{"key", "event_type", "schema", "resolved_output_schema"} {
+		if _, ok := payload[field]; !ok {
+			t.Errorf("JSON output missing field %q: %+v", field, payload)
+		}
+	}
+	if payload["key"] != "im.message.receive_v1" {
+		t.Errorf("key = %v, want im.message.receive_v1", payload["key"])
+	}
+}
+
+func TestResolveSchemaJSON_CustomWithOverlay(t *testing.T) {
+	const syntheticKey = "t.custom.overlay"
+	t.Cleanup(func() { eventlib.UnregisterKeyForTest(syntheticKey) })
+
+	type out struct {
+		SenderID string `json:"sender_id"`
+	}
+	eventlib.RegisterKey(eventlib.KeyDefinition{
+		Key:       syntheticKey,
+		EventType: syntheticKey,
+		Schema: eventlib.SchemaDef{
+			Custom: &eventlib.SchemaSpec{Type: reflect.TypeOf(out{})},
+			FieldOverrides: map[string]schemas.FieldMeta{
+				"/sender_id": {Kind: "open_id"},
+			},
+		},
+		Process: func(context.Context, eventlib.APIClient, *eventlib.RawEvent, map[string]string) (json.RawMessage, error) {
+			return nil, nil
+		},
+	})
+	def, _ := eventlib.Lookup(syntheticKey)
+	resolved, orphans, err := resolveSchemaJSON(def)
+	if err != nil || len(orphans) != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("resolve: err=%v orphans=%v", err, orphans)
+	}
+	var parsed map[string]interface{}
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(resolved, &parsed); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	got := parsed["properties"].(map[string]interface{})["sender_id"].(map[string]interface{})["format"]
+	if got != "open_id" {
+		t.Errorf("overlay format = %v, want open_id", got)
+	}
+}

cmd/event/sigpipe_unix.go

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+//go:build unix
+
+package event
+
+import (
+	"os/signal"
+	"syscall"
+)
+
+// ignoreBrokenPipe stops Go's default SIGPIPE-on-stdout terminate behavior.
+// Subsequent stdout writes return syscall.EPIPE so consume can shut down cleanly.
+func ignoreBrokenPipe() {
+	signal.Ignore(syscall.SIGPIPE)
+}

cmd/event/sigpipe_windows.go

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+//go:build windows
+
+package event
+
+// ignoreBrokenPipe is a no-op on Windows (no SIGPIPE; closed-pipe writes return ERROR_BROKEN_PIPE directly).
+func ignoreBrokenPipe() {}

cmd/event/status.go

@@ -0,0 +1,328 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package event
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"sort"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/event/busctl"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/event/busdiscover"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/event/protocol"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/event/transport"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/output"
+)
+
+func NewCmdStatus(f *cmdutil.Factory) *cobra.Command {
+	var (
+		asJSON       bool
+		current      bool
+		failOnOrphan bool
+	)
+	cmd := &cobra.Command{
+		Use:   "status",
+		Short: "Show event bus daemon status for all discovered apps",
+		Long:  "Connect to each bus daemon under the config-dir/events/ tree and show PID, uptime, and active consumers. Use --current for only the current profile's app. Use --json for machine-readable output. Use --fail-on-orphan to exit 2 when any orphan bus is detected (for health checks).",
+		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+			return runStatus(f, current, asJSON, failOnOrphan)
+		},
+	}
+	cmd.Flags().BoolVar(&asJSON, "json", false, "Emit status as JSON (for AI / scripts)")
+	cmd.Flags().BoolVar(&current, "current", false, "Only show status for the current profile's app")
+	cmd.Flags().BoolVar(&failOnOrphan, "fail-on-orphan", false, "Exit 2 when any orphan bus is detected (default: always exit 0)")
+	return cmd
+}
+
+type busState int
+
+const (
+	stateNotRunning busState = iota
+	stateRunning
+	stateOrphan
+)
+
+func (s busState) String() string {
+	switch s {
+	case stateRunning:
+		return "running"
+	case stateOrphan:
+		return "orphan"
+	default:
+		return "not_running"
+	}
+}
+
+// appStatus bundles one AppID's derived status; State picks which fields are meaningful.
+type appStatus struct {
+	AppID     string
+	State     busState
+	PID       int
+	UptimeSec int
+	Active    int
+	Consumers []protocol.ConsumerInfo
+}
+
+type busQuerier interface {
+	QueryBusStatus(appID string) (*protocol.StatusResponse, error)
+}
+
+// singleAppScanner wraps a Scanner and filters to one AppID for --current queries.
+type singleAppScanner struct {
+	appID string
+	inner busdiscover.Scanner
+}
+
+func (s singleAppScanner) ScanBusProcesses() ([]busdiscover.Process, error) {
+	if s.inner == nil {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+	all, err := s.inner.ScanBusProcesses()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	out := all[:0]
+	for _, p := range all {
+		if p.AppID == s.appID {
+			out = append(out, p)
+		}
+	}
+	return out, nil
+}
+
+type transportQuerier struct {
+	tr transport.IPC
+}
+
+func (q *transportQuerier) QueryBusStatus(appID string) (*protocol.StatusResponse, error) {
+	return busctl.QueryStatus(q.tr, appID)
+}
+
+func runStatus(f *cmdutil.Factory, current, asJSON, failOnOrphan bool) error {
+	cfg, err := f.Config()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	seeds := map[string]struct{}{}
+	if current {
+		seeds[cfg.AppID] = struct{}{}
+	} else {
+		for _, id := range discoverAppIDs() {
+			seeds[id] = struct{}{}
+		}
+		// Always include the current profile so a first-time user sees it as not_running.
+		seeds[cfg.AppID] = struct{}{}
+	}
+	seedList := make([]string, 0, len(seeds))
+	for id := range seeds {
+		seedList = append(seedList, id)
+	}
+
+	tr := transport.New()
+	// --current: scope the scanner to this AppID so unrelated orphans don't surface.
+	var scanner busdiscover.Scanner
+	if current {
+		scanner = singleAppScanner{appID: cfg.AppID, inner: busdiscover.Default()}
+	} else {
+		scanner = busdiscover.Default()
+	}
+	statuses := deriveStatuses(
+		seedList,
+		scanner,
+		&transportQuerier{tr: tr},
+		time.Now(),
+	)
+
+	if asJSON {
+		if err := writeStatusJSON(f.IOStreams.Out, statuses); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	} else {
+		writeStatusText(f.IOStreams.Out, statuses)
+	}
+	return exitForOrphan(statuses, failOnOrphan)
+}
+
+// deriveStatuses classifies each AppID as running/orphan/not_running from socket + process-scan inputs; scanner errors are non-fatal.
+func deriveStatuses(seedAppIDs []string, sc busdiscover.Scanner, q busQuerier, now time.Time) []appStatus {
+	procByAppID := map[string]busdiscover.Process{}
+	if sc != nil {
+		if procs, err := sc.ScanBusProcesses(); err == nil {
+			for _, p := range procs {
+				procByAppID[p.AppID] = p
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	ids := map[string]struct{}{}
+	for _, id := range seedAppIDs {
+		ids[id] = struct{}{}
+	}
+	for id := range procByAppID {
+		ids[id] = struct{}{}
+	}
+	sorted := make([]string, 0, len(ids))
+	for id := range ids {
+		sorted = append(sorted, id)
+	}
+	sort.Strings(sorted)
+
+	// Query in parallel so one wedged peer can't compound the per-op deadline across many apps.
+	type probe struct {
+		resp *protocol.StatusResponse
+		err  error
+	}
+	probes := make([]probe, len(sorted))
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+	for i, appID := range sorted {
+		wg.Add(1)
+		go func(i int, appID string) {
+			defer wg.Done()
+			probes[i].resp, probes[i].err = q.QueryBusStatus(appID)
+		}(i, appID)
+	}
+	wg.Wait()
+
+	result := make([]appStatus, 0, len(sorted))
+	for i, appID := range sorted {
+		s := appStatus{AppID: appID, State: stateNotRunning}
+		if probes[i].err == nil {
+			resp := probes[i].resp
+			s.State = stateRunning
+			s.PID = resp.PID
+			s.UptimeSec = resp.UptimeSec
+			s.Active = resp.ActiveConns
+			s.Consumers = resp.Consumers
+		} else if p, ok := procByAppID[appID]; ok {
+			s.State = stateOrphan
+			s.PID = p.PID
+			s.UptimeSec = int(now.Sub(p.StartTime).Seconds())
+		}
+		result = append(result, s)
+	}
+	return result
+}
+
+// humanizeDuration formats d as a coarse "N unit ago" string.
+func humanizeDuration(d time.Duration) string {
+	s := int(d.Seconds())
+	if s < 60 {
+		return fmt.Sprintf("%ds ago", s)
+	}
+	m := s / 60
+	if m < 60 {
+		return fmt.Sprintf("%dm ago", m)
+	}
+	h := m / 60
+	if h < 24 {
+		return fmt.Sprintf("%dh ago", h)
+	}
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%dd ago", h/24)
+}
+
+func writeStatusText(out io.Writer, statuses []appStatus) {
+	for i, s := range statuses {
+		if i > 0 {
+			fmt.Fprintln(out)
+		}
+		fmt.Fprintf(out, "── %s ──\n", s.AppID)
+		switch s.State {
+		case stateNotRunning:
+			fmt.Fprintln(out, "  Bus: not running")
+		case stateRunning:
+			fmt.Fprintf(out, "  Bus:              running (PID %d, uptime %s)\n",
+				s.PID, (time.Duration(s.UptimeSec) * time.Second).String())
+			fmt.Fprintf(out, "  Active consumers: %d\n", s.Active)
+			if len(s.Consumers) > 0 {
+				headers := []string{"CONSUMER", "EVENT KEY", "RECEIVED", "DROPPED"}
+				rows := make([][]string, 0, len(s.Consumers))
+				for _, c := range s.Consumers {
+					rows = append(rows, []string{
+						fmt.Sprintf("pid=%d", c.PID),
+						c.EventKey,
+						fmt.Sprintf("%d", c.Received),
+						fmt.Sprintf("%d", c.Dropped),
+					})
+				}
+				widths := tableWidths(headers, rows)
+				const colGap = "  "
+				fmt.Fprintln(out)
+				fmt.Fprint(out, "  ")
+				printTableRow(out, widths, headers, colGap)
+				for _, row := range rows {
+					fmt.Fprint(out, "  ")
+					printTableRow(out, widths, row, colGap)
+				}
+			}
+		case stateOrphan:
+			if s.PID == 0 {
+				fmt.Fprintln(out, "  Bus:     orphan (PID unknown — bus.pid file unreadable)")
+				fmt.Fprintln(out, "  Issue:   live bus detected but pid file is missing or corrupt")
+				fmt.Fprintln(out, "  Action:  inspect ~/.lark-cli/events/<app>/bus.pid and kill manually")
+				break
+			}
+			fmt.Fprintf(out, "  Bus:     orphan (PID %d, started %s)\n",
+				s.PID, humanizeDuration(time.Duration(s.UptimeSec)*time.Second))
+			fmt.Fprintln(out, "  Issue:   socket file missing — consumers cannot connect")
+			fmt.Fprintf(out, "  Action:  kill %d\n", s.PID)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func writeStatusJSON(w io.Writer, statuses []appStatus) error {
+	type jsonStatus struct {
+		AppID           string                  `json:"app_id"`
+		Status          string                  `json:"status"`
+		Running         bool                    `json:"running"` // backward compat
+		PID             int                     `json:"pid,omitempty"`
+		UptimeSec       int                     `json:"uptime_sec,omitempty"`
+		Active          int                     `json:"active_consumers,omitempty"`
+		Consumers       []protocol.ConsumerInfo `json:"consumers,omitempty"`
+		Issue           string                  `json:"issue,omitempty"`
+		SuggestedAction string                  `json:"suggested_action,omitempty"`
+	}
+	payload := make([]jsonStatus, 0, len(statuses))
+	for _, s := range statuses {
+		js := jsonStatus{
+			AppID:     s.AppID,
+			Status:    s.State.String(),
+			Running:   s.State == stateRunning,
+			PID:       s.PID,
+			UptimeSec: s.UptimeSec,
+			Active:    s.Active,
+			Consumers: s.Consumers,
+		}
+		if s.State == stateOrphan {
+			if s.PID == 0 {
+				js.Issue = "live bus detected but pid file is missing or corrupt"
+				js.SuggestedAction = "inspect events dir and kill manually"
+			} else {
+				js.Issue = "socket file missing"
+				js.SuggestedAction = fmt.Sprintf("kill %d", s.PID)
+			}
+		}
+		payload = append(payload, js)
+	}
+	output.PrintJson(w, map[string]interface{}{"apps": payload})
+	return nil
+}
+
+// exitForOrphan returns ExitValidation iff failOnOrphan and any status is orphan; default exit 0 preserves observe-only semantics.
+func exitForOrphan(statuses []appStatus, failOnOrphan bool) error {
+	if !failOnOrphan {
+		return nil
+	}
+	for _, s := range statuses {
+		if s.State == stateOrphan {
+			return output.ErrBare(output.ExitValidation)
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}

cmd/event/status_fail_on_orphan_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package event
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/output"
+)
+
+func TestExitForOrphan_Orphan(t *testing.T) {
+	statuses := []appStatus{
+		{AppID: "cli_a", State: stateRunning},
+		{AppID: "cli_b", State: stateOrphan, PID: 70926},
+	}
+	err := exitForOrphan(statuses, true)
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected error when failOnOrphan=true and orphan present")
+	}
+	var exitErr *output.ExitError
+	if !errors.As(err, &exitErr) {
+		t.Fatalf("expected *output.ExitError, got %T", err)
+	}
+	if exitErr.Code != output.ExitValidation {
+		t.Errorf("Code = %d, want %d", exitErr.Code, output.ExitValidation)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestExitForOrphan_NoOrphan(t *testing.T) {
+	statuses := []appStatus{
+		{AppID: "cli_a", State: stateRunning},
+		{AppID: "cli_b", State: stateNotRunning},
+	}
+	if err := exitForOrphan(statuses, true); err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("expected nil error when no orphan; got %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestExitForOrphan_FlagDisabled(t *testing.T) {
+	statuses := []appStatus{
+		{AppID: "cli_b", State: stateOrphan, PID: 70926},
+	}
+	if err := exitForOrphan(statuses, false); err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("flag off should never return error; got %v", err)
+	}
+}

cmd/event/status_orphan_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,242 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package event
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/event/busdiscover"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/event/protocol"
+)
+
+type fakeScanner struct {
+	procs []busdiscover.Process
+	err   error
+}
+
+func (f *fakeScanner) ScanBusProcesses() ([]busdiscover.Process, error) {
+	return f.procs, f.err
+}
+
+type fakeBusQuerier struct {
+	respByAppID map[string]*protocol.StatusResponse
+}
+
+func (f *fakeBusQuerier) QueryBusStatus(appID string) (*protocol.StatusResponse, error) {
+	if r, ok := f.respByAppID[appID]; ok {
+		return r, nil
+	}
+	return nil, errors.New("dial failed")
+}
+
+func TestDeriveStatuses_RunningBus(t *testing.T) {
+	q := &fakeBusQuerier{
+		respByAppID: map[string]*protocol.StatusResponse{
+			"cli_a": protocol.NewStatusResponse(12345, 150, 1, nil),
+		},
+	}
+	sc := &fakeScanner{procs: nil}
+
+	statuses := deriveStatuses([]string{"cli_a"}, sc, q, time.Now())
+	if len(statuses) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 1 status, got %d", len(statuses))
+	}
+	s := statuses[0]
+	if s.State != stateRunning {
+		t.Errorf("State = %v, want stateRunning", s.State)
+	}
+	if s.PID != 12345 {
+		t.Errorf("PID = %d, want 12345", s.PID)
+	}
+	if s.UptimeSec != 150 {
+		t.Errorf("UptimeSec = %d, want 150", s.UptimeSec)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDeriveStatuses_OrphanBus(t *testing.T) {
+	q := &fakeBusQuerier{respByAppID: map[string]*protocol.StatusResponse{}}
+	sc := &fakeScanner{procs: []busdiscover.Process{
+		{PID: 70926, AppID: "cli_a", StartTime: time.Now().Add(-19 * time.Hour)},
+	}}
+
+	now := time.Now()
+	statuses := deriveStatuses([]string{"cli_a"}, sc, q, now)
+	if len(statuses) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 1 status, got %d", len(statuses))
+	}
+	s := statuses[0]
+	if s.State != stateOrphan {
+		t.Errorf("State = %v, want stateOrphan", s.State)
+	}
+	if s.PID != 70926 {
+		t.Errorf("PID = %d, want 70926", s.PID)
+	}
+	wantUptime := int((19 * time.Hour).Seconds())
+	if s.UptimeSec < wantUptime-60 || s.UptimeSec > wantUptime+60 {
+		t.Errorf("UptimeSec = %d, want ~%d", s.UptimeSec, wantUptime)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDeriveStatuses_NotRunning(t *testing.T) {
+	q := &fakeBusQuerier{respByAppID: map[string]*protocol.StatusResponse{}}
+	sc := &fakeScanner{procs: nil}
+
+	statuses := deriveStatuses([]string{"cli_a"}, sc, q, time.Now())
+	if len(statuses) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 1 status, got %d", len(statuses))
+	}
+	s := statuses[0]
+	if s.State != stateNotRunning {
+		t.Errorf("State = %v, want stateNotRunning", s.State)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDeriveStatuses_DiscoversOrphanAppIDsFromProcessScan(t *testing.T) {
+	q := &fakeBusQuerier{respByAppID: map[string]*protocol.StatusResponse{}}
+	sc := &fakeScanner{procs: []busdiscover.Process{
+		{PID: 70926, AppID: "cli_orphan", StartTime: time.Now().Add(-1 * time.Hour)},
+	}}
+
+	statuses := deriveStatuses([]string{"cli_known"}, sc, q, time.Now())
+	if len(statuses) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 2 statuses, got %d: %+v", len(statuses), statuses)
+	}
+	byID := map[string]appStatus{}
+	for _, s := range statuses {
+		byID[s.AppID] = s
+	}
+	if byID["cli_known"].State != stateNotRunning {
+		t.Errorf("cli_known state = %v, want stateNotRunning", byID["cli_known"].State)
+	}
+	if byID["cli_orphan"].State != stateOrphan {
+		t.Errorf("cli_orphan state = %v, want stateOrphan", byID["cli_orphan"].State)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDeriveStatuses_ScannerErrorIsNotFatal(t *testing.T) {
+	q := &fakeBusQuerier{
+		respByAppID: map[string]*protocol.StatusResponse{
+			"cli_a": protocol.NewStatusResponse(12345, 150, 1, nil),
+		},
+	}
+	sc := &fakeScanner{err: errors.New("ps failed")}
+
+	statuses := deriveStatuses([]string{"cli_a"}, sc, q, time.Now())
+	if len(statuses) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 1 status, got %d", len(statuses))
+	}
+	if statuses[0].State != stateRunning {
+		t.Errorf("State = %v, want stateRunning (scanner error must not break running detection)", statuses[0].State)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestWriteStatusText_OrphanBlock(t *testing.T) {
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	statuses := []appStatus{{
+		AppID:     "cli_XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX",
+		State:     stateOrphan,
+		PID:       70926,
+		UptimeSec: 68400,
+	}}
+	writeStatusText(&buf, statuses)
+	out := buf.String()
+
+	for _, want := range []string{
+		"── cli_XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX ──",
+		"Bus:     orphan (PID 70926, started 19h ago)",
+		"Issue:   socket file missing — consumers cannot connect",
+		"Action:  kill 70926",
+	} {
+		if !strings.Contains(out, want) {
+			t.Errorf("output missing %q\nfull output:\n%s", want, out)
+		}
+	}
+	if strings.Contains(out, "running (PID") {
+		t.Errorf("orphan block must not contain 'running' text; got:\n%s", out)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestWriteStatusJSON_OrphanFields(t *testing.T) {
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	statuses := []appStatus{{
+		AppID:     "cli_XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX",
+		State:     stateOrphan,
+		PID:       70926,
+		UptimeSec: 68400,
+	}}
+	if err := writeStatusJSON(&buf, statuses); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("writeStatusJSON: %v", err)
+	}
+	var payload struct {
+		Apps []map[string]interface{} `json:"apps"`
+	}
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(buf.Bytes(), &payload); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unmarshal: %v", err)
+	}
+	if len(payload.Apps) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("apps len = %d, want 1", len(payload.Apps))
+	}
+	a := payload.Apps[0]
+	if a["status"] != "orphan" {
+		t.Errorf("status = %v, want \"orphan\"", a["status"])
+	}
+	if a["running"] != false {
+		t.Errorf("running = %v, want false", a["running"])
+	}
+	if a["issue"] != "socket file missing" {
+		t.Errorf("issue = %v, want \"socket file missing\"", a["issue"])
+	}
+	if a["suggested_action"] != "kill 70926" {
+		t.Errorf("suggested_action = %v, want \"kill 70926\"", a["suggested_action"])
+	}
+	if pid, ok := a["pid"].(float64); !ok || int(pid) != 70926 {
+		t.Errorf("pid = %v, want 70926", a["pid"])
+	}
+}
+
+func TestWriteStatusJSON_RunningOmitsOrphanFields(t *testing.T) {
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	statuses := []appStatus{{
+		AppID:     "cli_running",
+		State:     stateRunning,
+		PID:       11111,
+		UptimeSec: 60,
+		Active:    0,
+	}}
+	if err := writeStatusJSON(&buf, statuses); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("writeStatusJSON: %v", err)
+	}
+	out := buf.String()
+	if strings.Contains(out, `"issue"`) {
+		t.Errorf("running status must not include 'issue' field; got:\n%s", out)
+	}
+	if strings.Contains(out, `"suggested_action"`) {
+		t.Errorf("running status must not include 'suggested_action' field; got:\n%s", out)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestHumanizeDuration(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, tt := range []struct {
+		d    time.Duration
+		want string
+	}{
+		{30 * time.Second, "30s ago"},
+		{90 * time.Second, "1m ago"},
+		{45 * time.Minute, "45m ago"},
+		{90 * time.Minute, "1h ago"},
+		{5 * time.Hour, "5h ago"},
+		{30 * time.Hour, "1d ago"},
+		{80 * time.Hour, "3d ago"},
+	} {
+		got := humanizeDuration(tt.d)
+		if got != tt.want {
+			t.Errorf("humanizeDuration(%v) = %q, want %q", tt.d, got, tt.want)
+		}
+	}
+}

cmd/event/stop.go

@@ -0,0 +1,241 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package event
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"os"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/event/busctl"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/event/busdiscover"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/event/transport"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/output"
+)
+
+// stopStatus is the outcome tag; JSON wire format is the string form — keep values stable.
+type stopStatus string
+
+const (
+	stopStopped stopStatus = "stopped"
+	stopNoBus   stopStatus = "no_bus"
+	stopRefused stopStatus = "refused"
+	stopErrored stopStatus = "error"
+)
+
+type stopResult struct {
+	AppID  string     `json:"app_id"`
+	Status stopStatus `json:"status"`
+	PID    int        `json:"pid,omitempty"`
+	Reason string     `json:"reason,omitempty"`
+}
+
+type stopCmdOpts struct {
+	appID  string
+	all    bool
+	force  bool
+	asJSON bool
+}
+
+func NewCmdStop(f *cmdutil.Factory) *cobra.Command {
+	var o stopCmdOpts
+
+	cmd := &cobra.Command{
+		Use:   "stop",
+		Short: "Stop the event bus daemon",
+		Long: `Stop the event bus daemon. Target is one of:
+  • the current profile's AppID (default)
+  • an explicit AppID via --app-id
+  • every running bus on this machine via --all
+
+Exit code: 2 if any target was refused or errored, 0 otherwise.
+
+--force widens two gates:
+  1. Allows stopping a bus that still has active consumers.
+  2. On shutdown-timeout (bus didn't exit within 5s), SIGKILLs the
+     process and cleans up the stale socket instead of returning an
+     error.`,
+		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+			return runStop(f, o)
+		},
+	}
+
+	cmd.Flags().StringVar(&o.appID, "app-id", "", "App ID of the bus to stop (default: current profile)")
+	cmd.Flags().BoolVar(&o.all, "all", false, "Stop all running bus daemons")
+	cmd.Flags().BoolVar(&o.force, "force", false, "Stop even with active consumers; on shutdown-timeout also SIGKILL the bus")
+	cmd.Flags().BoolVar(&o.asJSON, "json", false, "Emit results as JSON (for AI / scripts)")
+
+	return cmd
+}
+
+func runStop(f *cmdutil.Factory, o stopCmdOpts) error {
+	tr := transport.New()
+
+	var targets []string
+	if o.all {
+		targets = discoverAppIDs()
+	} else {
+		targetAppID := o.appID
+		if targetAppID == "" {
+			cfg, err := f.Config()
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			targetAppID = cfg.AppID
+		}
+		targets = []string{targetAppID}
+	}
+
+	if len(targets) == 0 {
+		if o.asJSON {
+			return writeStopJSON(f.IOStreams.Out, nil)
+		}
+		fmt.Fprintln(f.IOStreams.Out, "No event bus instances found.")
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	results := make([]stopResult, 0, len(targets))
+	for _, id := range targets {
+		results = append(results, stopBusOne(tr, id, o.force))
+	}
+
+	if o.asJSON {
+		return writeStopJSON(f.IOStreams.Out, results)
+	}
+	writeStopText(f.IOStreams.Out, f.IOStreams.ErrOut, results)
+
+	// Non-zero exit for refused/errored so non-JSON callers still get a signal.
+	for _, r := range results {
+		if r.Status == stopRefused || r.Status == stopErrored {
+			return output.ErrBare(output.ExitValidation)
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// stopBusOne attempts to stop appID's bus; polls tr.Dial post-Shutdown until listener is gone or budget elapses.
+func stopBusOne(tr transport.IPC, appID string, force bool) stopResult {
+	resp, err := busctl.QueryStatus(tr, appID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return stopResult{AppID: appID, Status: stopNoBus}
+	}
+
+	if resp.ActiveConns > 0 && !force {
+		pids := make([]int, len(resp.Consumers))
+		for i, c := range resp.Consumers {
+			pids[i] = c.PID
+		}
+		return stopResult{
+			AppID:  appID,
+			Status: stopRefused,
+			PID:    resp.PID,
+			Reason: fmt.Sprintf("%d active consumer(s) (pids: %v); use --force to override", resp.ActiveConns, pids),
+		}
+	}
+
+	if err := busctl.SendShutdown(tr, appID); err != nil {
+		return stopResult{AppID: appID, Status: stopErrored, PID: resp.PID, Reason: err.Error()}
+	}
+
+	const pollInterval = 100 * time.Millisecond
+	deadline := time.Now().Add(shutdownBudget)
+	for time.Now().Before(deadline) {
+		time.Sleep(pollInterval)
+		probe, dialErr := tr.Dial(tr.Address(appID))
+		if dialErr != nil {
+			return stopResult{AppID: appID, Status: stopStopped, PID: resp.PID}
+		}
+		probe.Close()
+	}
+
+	if !force {
+		return stopResult{
+			AppID:  appID,
+			Status: stopErrored,
+			PID:    resp.PID,
+			Reason: fmt.Sprintf("Bus did not exit within %v (pid=%d still listening); use --force to kill", shutdownBudget, resp.PID),
+		}
+	}
+
+	// --force: SIGKILL and clean up the stale socket.
+	if err := killProcess(resp.PID); err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(err, os.ErrProcessDone) {
+			// Bus exited between timeout and kill — treat as success.
+			tr.Cleanup(tr.Address(appID))
+			return stopResult{
+				AppID:  appID,
+				Status: stopStopped,
+				PID:    resp.PID,
+				Reason: "bus exited during kill attempt",
+			}
+		}
+		return stopResult{
+			AppID:  appID,
+			Status: stopErrored,
+			PID:    resp.PID,
+			Reason: fmt.Sprintf("failed to kill bus process: %v", err),
+		}
+	}
+	tr.Cleanup(tr.Address(appID))
+	return stopResult{
+		AppID:  appID,
+		Status: stopStopped,
+		PID:    resp.PID,
+		Reason: "killed (ungraceful) after shutdown timeout",
+	}
+}
+
+// killProcess is a var so tests can swap it without spawning sub-processes.
+var killProcess = func(pid int) error {
+	p, err := os.FindProcess(pid)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return p.Kill()
+}
+
+// shutdownBudget (var so tests can shrink it) bounds the post-Shutdown exit wait.
+var shutdownBudget = 5 * time.Second
+
+func writeStopJSON(w io.Writer, results []stopResult) error {
+	if results == nil {
+		results = []stopResult{}
+	}
+	output.PrintJson(w, map[string]interface{}{"results": results})
+	return nil
+}
+
+func writeStopText(out, errOut io.Writer, results []stopResult) {
+	for _, r := range results {
+		switch r.Status {
+		case stopStopped:
+			fmt.Fprintf(out, "Bus stopped for %s (pid=%d)\n", r.AppID, r.PID)
+		case stopNoBus:
+			fmt.Fprintf(out, "No bus running for %s\n", r.AppID)
+		case stopRefused:
+			fmt.Fprintf(errOut, "Refused stopping %s: %s\n", r.AppID, r.Reason)
+		case stopErrored:
+			fmt.Fprintf(errOut, "Error stopping %s: %s\n", r.AppID, r.Reason)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// discoverAppIDs returns appIDs whose bus.alive.lock is held by a live process.
+// Cross-platform via lockfile (flock on Unix, LockFileEx on Windows); ignores stale socket files.
+func discoverAppIDs() []string {
+	procs, err := busdiscover.Default().ScanBusProcesses()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	ids := make([]string, 0, len(procs))
+	for _, p := range procs {
+		ids = append(ids, p.AppID)
+	}
+	return ids
+}

cmd/event/stop_discover_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package event
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"sort"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/event/busdiscover"
+)
+
+func TestDiscoverAppIDs_OnlyLiveLockHolders(t *testing.T) {
+	tmp := t.TempDir()
+	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", tmp)
+
+	eventsDir := filepath.Join(tmp, "events")
+
+	// Two live buses (lock held until t.Cleanup releases it).
+	for _, app := range []string{"cli_XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX", "cli_YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY"} {
+		appDir := filepath.Join(eventsDir, app)
+		h, err := busdiscover.WritePIDFile(appDir, 1234)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("WritePIDFile %s: %v", app, err)
+		}
+		t.Cleanup(func() { _ = h.Release() })
+	}
+
+	// Dead bus: lock acquired then released → looks like a stale dir on disk.
+	deadDir := filepath.Join(eventsDir, "cli_ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ")
+	hDead, err := busdiscover.WritePIDFile(deadDir, 9999)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("WritePIDFile dead: %v", err)
+	}
+	if err := hDead.Release(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Release dead: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	// Stale bus.sock without alive.lock — old behavior would surface it; new must not.
+	staleSockDir := filepath.Join(eventsDir, "cli_SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS")
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(staleSockDir, 0700); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(staleSockDir, "bus.sock"), nil, 0600); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	// Stray non-dir file under events/.
+	if err := os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(eventsDir, "stray.txt"), nil, 0600); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	got := discoverAppIDs()
+	sort.Strings(got)
+	want := []string{"cli_XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX", "cli_YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY"}
+	if len(got) != len(want) {
+		t.Fatalf("discoverAppIDs() = %v, want %v", got, want)
+	}
+	for i := range want {
+		if got[i] != want[i] {
+			t.Errorf("discoverAppIDs()[%d] = %q, want %q", i, got[i], want[i])
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDiscoverAppIDs_MissingEventsDir(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", t.TempDir())
+	if got := discoverAppIDs(); len(got) != 0 {
+		t.Errorf("discoverAppIDs() on missing events/ = %v, want empty", got)
+	}
+}

cmd/event/stop_integration_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,340 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package event
+
+import (
+	"bufio"
+	"net"
+	"os"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/event/protocol"
+)
+
+type mockTransport struct {
+	mu      sync.Mutex
+	addr    string
+	cleaned bool
+}
+
+func (t *mockTransport) Listen(addr string) (net.Listener, error) {
+	return net.Listen("tcp", addr)
+}
+
+func (t *mockTransport) Dial(addr string) (net.Conn, error) {
+	return net.DialTimeout("tcp", addr, 500*time.Millisecond)
+}
+
+func (t *mockTransport) Address(appID string) string {
+	t.mu.Lock()
+	defer t.mu.Unlock()
+	return t.addr
+}
+
+func (t *mockTransport) Cleanup(addr string) {
+	t.mu.Lock()
+	t.cleaned = true
+	t.mu.Unlock()
+}
+
+func (t *mockTransport) didCleanup() bool {
+	t.mu.Lock()
+	defer t.mu.Unlock()
+	return t.cleaned
+}
+
+type fakeBus struct {
+	listener     net.Listener
+	pid          int
+	exitDelay    time.Duration
+	unresponsive bool
+
+	shutdownCount int32
+	wg            sync.WaitGroup
+
+	stopOnce sync.Once
+	done     chan struct{}
+}
+
+func newFakeBus(t *testing.T, pid int, exitDelay time.Duration, unresponsive bool) *fakeBus {
+	t.Helper()
+	ln, err := net.Listen("tcp", "127.0.0.1:0")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to listen: %v", err)
+	}
+	b := &fakeBus{
+		listener:     ln,
+		pid:          pid,
+		exitDelay:    exitDelay,
+		unresponsive: unresponsive,
+		done:         make(chan struct{}),
+	}
+	b.wg.Add(1)
+	go b.serve()
+	return b
+}
+
+func (b *fakeBus) addr() string { return b.listener.Addr().String() }
+
+func (b *fakeBus) serve() {
+	defer b.wg.Done()
+	for {
+		conn, err := b.listener.Accept()
+		if err != nil {
+			return
+		}
+		b.wg.Add(1)
+		go b.handle(conn)
+	}
+}
+
+func (b *fakeBus) handle(conn net.Conn) {
+	defer b.wg.Done()
+	defer conn.Close()
+
+	r := bufio.NewReader(conn)
+	line, err := r.ReadBytes('\n')
+	if err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+	msg, err := protocol.Decode(line)
+	if err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+
+	switch msg.(type) {
+	case *protocol.StatusQuery:
+		_ = protocol.Encode(conn, &protocol.StatusResponse{
+			Type:        protocol.MsgTypeStatusResponse,
+			PID:         b.pid,
+			UptimeSec:   1,
+			ActiveConns: 0,
+			Consumers:   nil,
+		})
+	case *protocol.Shutdown:
+		atomic.AddInt32(&b.shutdownCount, 1)
+		if b.unresponsive {
+			return
+		}
+		if b.exitDelay > 0 {
+			go func() {
+				time.Sleep(b.exitDelay)
+				b.stop()
+			}()
+		} else {
+			go b.stop()
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func (b *fakeBus) stop() {
+	b.stopOnce.Do(func() {
+		_ = b.listener.Close()
+		close(b.done)
+	})
+}
+
+func (b *fakeBus) wait(t *testing.T, budget time.Duration) {
+	t.Helper()
+	done := make(chan struct{})
+	go func() {
+		b.wg.Wait()
+		close(done)
+	}()
+	select {
+	case <-done:
+	case <-time.After(budget):
+		t.Fatalf("fakeBus did not shut down within %v", budget)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestStopReturnsStoppedOnlyAfterBusExits(t *testing.T) {
+	const pid = 44441
+	const exitDelay = 500 * time.Millisecond
+
+	bus := newFakeBus(t, pid, exitDelay, false)
+	defer bus.stop()
+	tr := &mockTransport{addr: bus.addr()}
+
+	start := time.Now()
+	res := stopBusOne(tr, "test-app", false)
+	elapsed := time.Since(start)
+
+	if res.Status != "stopped" {
+		t.Fatalf("status = %q (reason=%q); want stopped", res.Status, res.Reason)
+	}
+	if res.PID != pid {
+		t.Fatalf("pid = %d; want %d", res.PID, pid)
+	}
+	if elapsed < 400*time.Millisecond {
+		t.Fatalf("stopBusOne returned in %v; expected >= %v (waited for bus to exit)", elapsed, exitDelay)
+	}
+	if elapsed > 3*time.Second {
+		t.Fatalf("stopBusOne took %v; expected well under 3s", elapsed)
+	}
+
+	bus.wait(t, 2*time.Second)
+	if got := atomic.LoadInt32(&bus.shutdownCount); got != 1 {
+		t.Errorf("fakeBus received %d Shutdown messages; want 1", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestStopTimesOutOnUnresponsiveBusWithoutForce(t *testing.T) {
+	const pid = 44442
+
+	origKill := killProcess
+	t.Cleanup(func() { killProcess = origKill })
+	var killCalls []int
+	var killMu sync.Mutex
+	killProcess = func(p int) error {
+		killMu.Lock()
+		killCalls = append(killCalls, p)
+		killMu.Unlock()
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	bus := newFakeBus(t, pid, 0, true)
+	defer bus.stop()
+	tr := &mockTransport{addr: bus.addr()}
+
+	origBudget := shutdownBudget
+	t.Cleanup(func() { shutdownBudget = origBudget })
+	shutdownBudget = 500 * time.Millisecond
+
+	start := time.Now()
+	res := stopBusOne(tr, "test-app", false)
+	elapsed := time.Since(start)
+
+	if res.Status != "error" {
+		t.Fatalf("status = %q (reason=%q); want error", res.Status, res.Reason)
+	}
+	if res.PID != pid {
+		t.Errorf("pid = %d; want %d", res.PID, pid)
+	}
+	if elapsed < shutdownBudget || elapsed > shutdownBudget+2*time.Second {
+		t.Fatalf("elapsed = %v; want >= %v and < %v", elapsed, shutdownBudget, shutdownBudget+2*time.Second)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(res.Reason, "did not exit within") {
+		t.Errorf("reason %q should mention 'did not exit within'", res.Reason)
+	}
+	killMu.Lock()
+	defer killMu.Unlock()
+	if len(killCalls) != 0 {
+		t.Errorf("killProcess called %v; want 0 calls without --force", killCalls)
+	}
+	if tr.didCleanup() {
+		t.Errorf("Cleanup should not be called when --force is false")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestStopForceKillsUnresponsiveBus(t *testing.T) {
+	const pid = 44443
+
+	origKill := killProcess
+	t.Cleanup(func() { killProcess = origKill })
+	var killCalls []int
+	var killMu sync.Mutex
+	killProcess = func(p int) error {
+		killMu.Lock()
+		killCalls = append(killCalls, p)
+		killMu.Unlock()
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	bus := newFakeBus(t, pid, 0, true)
+	defer bus.stop()
+	tr := &mockTransport{addr: bus.addr()}
+
+	origBudget := shutdownBudget
+	t.Cleanup(func() { shutdownBudget = origBudget })
+	shutdownBudget = 500 * time.Millisecond
+
+	start := time.Now()
+	res := stopBusOne(tr, "test-app", true)
+	elapsed := time.Since(start)
+
+	if res.Status != "stopped" {
+		t.Fatalf("status = %q (reason=%q); want stopped", res.Status, res.Reason)
+	}
+	if res.PID != pid {
+		t.Errorf("pid = %d; want %d", res.PID, pid)
+	}
+	if elapsed < shutdownBudget || elapsed > shutdownBudget+2*time.Second {
+		t.Fatalf("elapsed = %v; want >= %v and < %v", elapsed, shutdownBudget, shutdownBudget+2*time.Second)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(res.Reason, "killed") {
+		t.Errorf("reason %q should mention 'killed'", res.Reason)
+	}
+
+	killMu.Lock()
+	defer killMu.Unlock()
+	if len(killCalls) != 1 || killCalls[0] != pid {
+		t.Errorf("killProcess calls = %v; want [%d]", killCalls, pid)
+	}
+	if !tr.didCleanup() {
+		t.Errorf("Cleanup was not invoked after force-kill")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestStopReturnsStoppedFastWhenBusExitsImmediately(t *testing.T) {
+	const pid = 12345
+
+	bus := newFakeBus(t, pid, 0, false)
+	defer bus.stop()
+	tr := &mockTransport{addr: bus.addr()}
+
+	start := time.Now()
+	res := stopBusOne(tr, "test-app", false)
+	elapsed := time.Since(start)
+
+	if res.Status != "stopped" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected stopped, got %q (reason: %s)", res.Status, res.Reason)
+	}
+	if res.PID != pid {
+		t.Errorf("expected PID=%d, got %d", pid, res.PID)
+	}
+	if elapsed > 500*time.Millisecond {
+		t.Errorf("expected fast return (<500ms), got %v — possibly waiting the full budget", elapsed)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestStopForceHandlesProcessAlreadyDeadRace(t *testing.T) {
+	const pid = 99999
+
+	origKill := killProcess
+	t.Cleanup(func() { killProcess = origKill })
+	var killCalls []int
+	var killMu sync.Mutex
+	killProcess = func(p int) error {
+		killMu.Lock()
+		killCalls = append(killCalls, p)
+		killMu.Unlock()
+		return os.ErrProcessDone
+	}
+
+	bus := newFakeBus(t, pid, 0, true)
+	defer bus.stop()
+	tr := &mockTransport{addr: bus.addr()}
+
+	res := stopBusOne(tr, "test-app", true)
+
+	if res.Status != "stopped" {
+		t.Errorf("expected stopped (race treated as success), got %q (reason: %s)", res.Status, res.Reason)
+	}
+	killMu.Lock()
+	if len(killCalls) != 1 || killCalls[0] != pid {
+		t.Errorf("expected killProcess called once with pid=%d, got %v", pid, killCalls)
+	}
+	killMu.Unlock()
+	if !tr.didCleanup() {
+		t.Error("expected Cleanup to be called even when kill reported already-dead")
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(res.Reason, "exited during kill attempt") {
+		t.Errorf("expected reason about race, got %q", res.Reason)
+	}
+}

cmd/event/suggestions.go

@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package event
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"sort"
+	"strings"
+
+	eventlib "github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/event"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/output"
+)
+
+const maxSuggestions = 3
+
+// suggestEventKeys returns up to maxSuggestions keys resembling input (substring match beats edit distance).
+func suggestEventKeys(input string) []string {
+	type match struct {
+		key  string
+		dist int
+	}
+	var hits []match
+	threshold := max(2, len(input)/5)
+
+	for _, def := range eventlib.ListAll() {
+		if strings.Contains(def.Key, input) {
+			hits = append(hits, match{def.Key, 0})
+			continue
+		}
+		if d := levenshtein(input, def.Key); d <= threshold {
+			hits = append(hits, match{def.Key, d})
+		}
+	}
+	sort.Slice(hits, func(i, j int) bool { return hits[i].dist < hits[j].dist })
+
+	n := min(maxSuggestions, len(hits))
+	out := make([]string, n)
+	for i := range out {
+		out[i] = hits[i].key
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+// formatSuggestions renders keys as a human-readable quoted tail.
+func formatSuggestions(keys []string) string {
+	if len(keys) == 0 {
+		return ""
+	}
+	quoted := make([]string, len(keys))
+	for i, k := range keys {
+		quoted[i] = fmt.Sprintf("%q", k)
+	}
+	if len(quoted) == 1 {
+		return quoted[0]
+	}
+	return "one of: " + strings.Join(quoted, ", ")
+}
+
+// unknownEventKeyErr builds the shared "unknown EventKey" error with a suggestion tail when available.
+func unknownEventKeyErr(key string) error {
+	msg := fmt.Sprintf("unknown EventKey: %s", key)
+	if guesses := suggestEventKeys(key); len(guesses) > 0 {
+		msg += " — did you mean " + formatSuggestions(guesses) + "?"
+	}
+	return output.ErrWithHint(
+		output.ExitValidation, "validation",
+		msg,
+		"Run 'lark-cli event list' to see available keys.",
+	)
+}
+
+// levenshtein computes classic edit distance (two-row DP).
+func levenshtein(a, b string) int {
+	if a == b {
+		return 0
+	}
+	ra, rb := []rune(a), []rune(b)
+	if len(ra) == 0 {
+		return len(rb)
+	}
+	if len(rb) == 0 {
+		return len(ra)
+	}
+	prev := make([]int, len(rb)+1)
+	curr := make([]int, len(rb)+1)
+	for j := range prev {
+		prev[j] = j
+	}
+	for i := 1; i <= len(ra); i++ {
+		curr[0] = i
+		for j := 1; j <= len(rb); j++ {
+			cost := 1
+			if ra[i-1] == rb[j-1] {
+				cost = 0
+			}
+			curr[j] = min(prev[j]+1, curr[j-1]+1, prev[j-1]+cost)
+		}
+		prev, curr = curr, prev
+	}
+	return prev[len(rb)]
+}

cmd/event/suggestions_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package event
+
+import (
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	_ "github.com/larksuite/cli/events"
+)
+
+func TestLevenshtein(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := []struct {
+		a, b string
+		want int
+	}{
+		{"", "", 0},
+		{"a", "", 1},
+		{"", "abc", 3},
+		{"kitten", "kitten", 0},
+		{"kitten", "sitten", 1},
+		{"kitten", "sitting", 3},
+		{"飞书", "飞书", 0},
+		{"飞书", "飞s", 1},
+	}
+	for _, tc := range cases {
+		if got := levenshtein(tc.a, tc.b); got != tc.want {
+			t.Errorf("levenshtein(%q,%q) = %d, want %d", tc.a, tc.b, got, tc.want)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSuggestEventKeys(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := []struct {
+		name              string
+		input             string
+		wantEmpty         bool
+		wantAllHavePrefix string
+		wantContains      string
+	}{
+		{
+			name:         "typo via Levenshtein (recieve → receive)",
+			input:        "im.message.recieve_v1",
+			wantContains: "im.message.receive_v1",
+		},
+		{
+			name:              "substring match returns im.message.* keys",
+			input:             "im.message",
+			wantAllHavePrefix: "im.message.",
+		},
+		{
+			name:      "completely unrelated input returns empty",
+			input:     "xyzzy_no_such_event_key_at_all",
+			wantEmpty: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:         "exact key is a substring of itself",
+			input:        "im.message.receive_v1",
+			wantContains: "im.message.receive_v1",
+		},
+	}
+	for _, tc := range cases {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			got := suggestEventKeys(tc.input)
+			if tc.wantEmpty {
+				if len(got) != 0 {
+					t.Errorf("expected empty slice, got %v", got)
+				}
+				return
+			}
+			if len(got) == 0 {
+				t.Fatalf("expected non-empty suggestions, got nothing")
+			}
+			if len(got) > maxSuggestions {
+				t.Errorf("got %d suggestions, want at most %d: %v", len(got), maxSuggestions, got)
+			}
+			if tc.wantAllHavePrefix != "" {
+				for _, k := range got {
+					if !strings.HasPrefix(k, tc.wantAllHavePrefix) {
+						t.Errorf("suggestion %q lacks prefix %q (full slice: %v)", k, tc.wantAllHavePrefix, got)
+					}
+				}
+			}
+			if tc.wantContains != "" {
+				found := false
+				for _, k := range got {
+					if k == tc.wantContains {
+						found = true
+						break
+					}
+				}
+				if !found {
+					t.Errorf("want %q in suggestions, got %v", tc.wantContains, got)
+				}
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestFormatSuggestions(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := []struct {
+		name string
+		in   []string
+		want string
+	}{
+		{name: "empty → empty string", in: nil, want: ""},
+		{name: "single key → just quoted", in: []string{"a"}, want: `"a"`},
+		{name: "two keys → one of", in: []string{"a", "b"}, want: `one of: "a", "b"`},
+		{name: "three keys → one of", in: []string{"a", "b", "c"}, want: `one of: "a", "b", "c"`},
+	}
+	for _, tc := range cases {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			if got := formatSuggestions(tc.in); got != tc.want {
+				t.Errorf("formatSuggestions(%v) = %q, want %q", tc.in, got, tc.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestUnknownEventKeyErr_IncludesSuggestion(t *testing.T) {
+	err := unknownEventKeyErr("im.message.recieve_v1")
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected error")
+	}
+	msg := err.Error()
+	for _, want := range []string{
+		"unknown EventKey: im.message.recieve_v1",
+		"did you mean",
+		"im.message.receive_v1",
+	} {
+		if !strings.Contains(msg, want) {
+			t.Errorf("error %q missing %q", msg, want)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestUnknownEventKeyErr_NoSuggestion(t *testing.T) {
+	err := unknownEventKeyErr("xyzzy_no_such_event_key_at_all")
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected error")
+	}
+	msg := err.Error()
+	if !strings.Contains(msg, "unknown EventKey") {
+		t.Errorf("error should mention unknown EventKey: %q", msg)
+	}
+	if strings.Contains(msg, "did you mean") {
+		t.Errorf("error should NOT suggest anything for nonsense input: %q", msg)
+	}
+}

cmd/event/table.go

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package event
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+)
+
+// tableWidths returns the max cell width per column across headers + rows.
+func tableWidths(headers []string, rows [][]string) []int {
+	widths := make([]int, len(headers))
+	for i, h := range headers {
+		widths[i] = len(h)
+	}
+	for _, row := range rows {
+		for i, cell := range row {
+			if i >= len(widths) {
+				break
+			}
+			if l := len(cell); l > widths[i] {
+				widths[i] = l
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return widths
+}
+
+// printTableRow renders one padded row; final cell is unpadded to avoid trailing whitespace.
+func printTableRow(out io.Writer, widths []int, cells []string, gap string) {
+	for i, cell := range cells {
+		if i == len(cells)-1 {
+			fmt.Fprintln(out, cell)
+			return
+		}
+		fmt.Fprintf(out, "%-*s%s", widths[i], cell, gap)
+	}
+}

cmd/global_flags.go

@@ -3,15 +3,38 @@
 
 package cmd
 
-import "github.com/spf13/pflag"
+import (
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
+	"github.com/spf13/pflag"
+)
 
 // GlobalOptions are the root-level flags shared by bootstrap parsing and the
-// actual Cobra command tree.
+// actual Cobra command tree. Profile is the parsed --profile value; HideProfile
+// is a build-time policy — when true, --profile stays parseable but is marked
+// hidden from help and shell completion.
 type GlobalOptions struct {
-	Profile string
+	Profile     string
+	HideProfile bool
 }
 
-// RegisterGlobalFlags registers the root-level persistent flags.
+// RegisterGlobalFlags registers the root-level persistent flags on fs and
+// applies any visibility policy encoded in opts. Pure function: no disk,
+// network, or environment reads — the caller decides HideProfile.
 func RegisterGlobalFlags(fs *pflag.FlagSet, opts *GlobalOptions) {
 	fs.StringVar(&opts.Profile, "profile", "", "use a specific profile")
+	if opts.HideProfile {
+		_ = fs.MarkHidden("profile")
+	}
+}
+
+// isSingleAppMode reports whether the on-disk config has at most one app.
+// Missing configs are treated as single-app since --profile is meaningless
+// until at least two profiles exist. Intended for the Execute entry point —
+// buildInternal must not call this directly to stay state-free.
+func isSingleAppMode() bool {
+	raw, err := core.LoadMultiAppConfig()
+	if err != nil || raw == nil {
+		return true
+	}
+	return len(raw.Apps) <= 1
 }

cmd/global_flags_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package cmd
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"os"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
+	"github.com/spf13/pflag"
+)
+
+func testStreams() BuildOption { return WithIO(os.Stdin, os.Stdout, os.Stderr) }
+
+func TestRegisterGlobalFlags_PolicyVisible(t *testing.T) {
+	fs := pflag.NewFlagSet("test", pflag.ContinueOnError)
+	opts := &GlobalOptions{}
+	RegisterGlobalFlags(fs, opts)
+
+	flag := fs.Lookup("profile")
+	if flag == nil {
+		t.Fatal("profile flag should be registered")
+	}
+	if flag.Hidden {
+		t.Fatal("profile flag should be visible when HideProfile is false")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRegisterGlobalFlags_PolicyHidden(t *testing.T) {
+	fs := pflag.NewFlagSet("test", pflag.ContinueOnError)
+	opts := &GlobalOptions{HideProfile: true}
+	RegisterGlobalFlags(fs, opts)
+
+	flag := fs.Lookup("profile")
+	if flag == nil {
+		t.Fatal("profile flag should be registered")
+	}
+	if !flag.Hidden {
+		t.Fatal("profile flag should be hidden when HideProfile is true")
+	}
+	if err := fs.Parse([]string{"--profile", "x"}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Parse() error = %v; hidden flag should still parse", err)
+	}
+	if opts.Profile != "x" {
+		t.Fatalf("opts.Profile = %q, want %q", opts.Profile, "x")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestIsSingleAppMode_NoConfig(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", t.TempDir())
+	if !isSingleAppMode() {
+		t.Fatal("isSingleAppMode() = false, want true when no config exists")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestIsSingleAppMode_SingleApp(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", t.TempDir())
+	saveAppsForTest(t, []core.AppConfig{
+		{Name: "default", AppId: "cli_a", AppSecret: core.PlainSecret("x"), Brand: core.BrandFeishu},
+	})
+	if !isSingleAppMode() {
+		t.Fatal("isSingleAppMode() = false, want true for single-app config")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestIsSingleAppMode_MultiApp(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", t.TempDir())
+	saveAppsForTest(t, []core.AppConfig{
+		{Name: "a", AppId: "cli_a", AppSecret: core.PlainSecret("x"), Brand: core.BrandFeishu},
+		{Name: "b", AppId: "cli_b", AppSecret: core.PlainSecret("y"), Brand: core.BrandFeishu},
+	})
+	if isSingleAppMode() {
+		t.Fatal("isSingleAppMode() = true, want false for multi-app config")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestBuildInternal_HideProfileOption(t *testing.T) {
+	_, root := buildInternal(context.Background(), cmdutil.InvocationContext{}, testStreams(), HideProfile(true))
+
+	flag := root.PersistentFlags().Lookup("profile")
+	if flag == nil {
+		t.Fatal("profile flag should be registered")
+	}
+	if !flag.Hidden {
+		t.Fatal("profile flag should be hidden when HideProfile(true) is applied")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestBuildInternal_DefaultShowsProfileFlag(t *testing.T) {
+	_, root := buildInternal(context.Background(), cmdutil.InvocationContext{}, testStreams())
+
+	flag := root.PersistentFlags().Lookup("profile")
+	if flag == nil {
+		t.Fatal("profile flag should be registered by default")
+	}
+	if flag.Hidden {
+		t.Fatal("profile flag should be visible by default")
+	}
+}
+
+func saveAppsForTest(t *testing.T, apps []core.AppConfig) {
+	t.Helper()
+	multi := &core.MultiAppConfig{CurrentApp: apps[0].Name, Apps: apps}
+	if err := core.SaveMultiAppConfig(multi); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("SaveMultiAppConfig() error = %v", err)
+	}
+}

cmd/init.go

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package cmd
+
+import "github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/vfs"
+
+// SetDefaultFS replaces the global filesystem implementation used by internal
+// packages. The provided fs must implement the vfs.FS interface. If fs is nil,
+// the default OS filesystem is restored.
+//
+// Call this before Build or Execute to take effect.
+func SetDefaultFS(fs vfs.FS) {
+	if fs == nil {
+		fs = vfs.OsFs{}
+	}
+	vfs.DefaultFS = fs
+}

cmd/profile/remove.go

@@ -32,9 +32,9 @@ func NewCmdProfileRemove(f *cmdutil.Factory) *cobra.Command {
 }
 
 func profileRemoveRun(f *cmdutil.Factory, name string) error {
-	multi, err := core.LoadMultiAppConfig()
+	multi, err := core.LoadOrNotConfigured()
 	if err != nil {
-		return output.ErrWithHint(output.ExitValidation, "config", "not configured", "run: lark-cli config init")
+		return err
 	}
 
 	idx := multi.FindAppIndex(name)

cmd/profile/rename.go

@@ -32,9 +32,9 @@ func profileRenameRun(f *cmdutil.Factory, oldName, newName string) error {
 		return output.ErrValidation("%v", err)
 	}
 
-	multi, err := core.LoadMultiAppConfig()
+	multi, err := core.LoadOrNotConfigured()
 	if err != nil {
-		return output.ErrWithHint(output.ExitValidation, "config", "not configured", "run: lark-cli config init")
+		return err
 	}
 
 	idx := multi.FindAppIndex(oldName)

cmd/profile/use.go

@@ -31,9 +31,9 @@ func NewCmdProfileUse(f *cmdutil.Factory) *cobra.Command {
 }
 
 func profileUseRun(f *cmdutil.Factory, name string) error {
-	multi, err := core.LoadMultiAppConfig()
+	multi, err := core.LoadOrNotConfigured()
 	if err != nil {
-		return output.ErrWithHint(output.ExitValidation, "config", "not configured", "run: lark-cli config init")
+		return err
 	}
 
 	// Handle "-" for toggle-back

cmd/prune.go

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 package cmd
 
 import (
+	"fmt"
 	"slices"
 
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
@@ -48,10 +49,9 @@ func strictModeStubFrom(child *cobra.Command, mode core.StrictMode) *cobra.Comma
 		Hidden:             true,
 		DisableFlagParsing: true,
 		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
-			return output.Errorf(output.ExitValidation, "strict_mode",
-				"strict mode is %q, only %s identity is allowed. "+
-					"This setting is managed by the administrator and must not be modified by AI agents.",
-				mode, mode.ForcedIdentity())
+			return output.ErrWithHint(output.ExitValidation, "strict_mode",
+				fmt.Sprintf("strict mode is %q, only %s-identity commands are available", mode, mode.ForcedIdentity()),
+				"if the user explicitly wants to switch policy, see `lark-cli config strict-mode --help` (confirm with the user before switching; switching does NOT require re-bind)")
 		},
 	}
 }

cmd/root.go

@@ -14,23 +14,14 @@ import (
 	"os"
 	"strconv"
 
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/cmd/api"
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/cmd/auth"
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/cmd/completion"
-	cmdconfig "github.com/larksuite/cli/cmd/config"
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/cmd/doctor"
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/cmd/profile"
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/cmd/schema"
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/cmd/service"
-	cmdupdate "github.com/larksuite/cli/cmd/update"
 	internalauth "github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/auth"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/build"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/output"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/registry"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/skillscheck"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/update"
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/shortcuts"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 )
 
@@ -57,7 +48,7 @@ EXAMPLES:
 FLAGS:
     --params <json>       URL/query parameters JSON
     --data <json>         request body JSON (POST/PATCH/PUT/DELETE)
-    --as <type>           identity type: user | bot | auto (default: auto)
+    --as <type>           identity type: user | bot
     --format <fmt>        output format: json (default) | ndjson | table | csv | pretty
     --page-all            automatically paginate through all pages
     --page-size <N>       page size (0 = use API default)
@@ -95,42 +86,17 @@ func Execute() int {
 		fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "Error:", err)
 		return 1
 	}
-	f := cmdutil.NewDefault(inv)
+	configureFlagCompletions(os.Args)
 
-	globals := &GlobalOptions{Profile: inv.Profile}
-	rootCmd := &cobra.Command{
-		Use:     "lark-cli",
-		Short:   "Lark/Feishu CLI — OAuth authorization, UAT management, API calls",
-		Long:    rootLong,
-		Version: build.Version,
-	}
-	installTipsHelpFunc(rootCmd)
-	rootCmd.SilenceErrors = true
+	f, rootCmd := buildInternal(
+		context.Background(), inv,
+		WithIO(os.Stdin, os.Stdout, os.Stderr),
+		HideProfile(isSingleAppMode()),
+	)
 
-	RegisterGlobalFlags(rootCmd.PersistentFlags(), globals)
-	rootCmd.PersistentPreRun = func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
-		cmd.SilenceUsage = true
-	}
-
-	rootCmd.AddCommand(cmdconfig.NewCmdConfig(f))
-	rootCmd.AddCommand(auth.NewCmdAuth(f))
-	rootCmd.AddCommand(profile.NewCmdProfile(f))
-	rootCmd.AddCommand(doctor.NewCmdDoctor(f))
-	rootCmd.AddCommand(api.NewCmdApi(f, nil))
-	rootCmd.AddCommand(schema.NewCmdSchema(f, nil))
-	rootCmd.AddCommand(completion.NewCmdCompletion(f))
-	rootCmd.AddCommand(cmdupdate.NewCmdUpdate(f))
-	service.RegisterServiceCommands(rootCmd, f)
-	shortcuts.RegisterShortcuts(rootCmd, f)
-
-	// Prune commands incompatible with strict mode.
-	if mode := f.ResolveStrictMode(context.Background()); mode.IsActive() {
-		pruneForStrictMode(rootCmd, mode)
-	}
-
-	// --- Update check (non-blocking) ---
+	// --- Notices (non-blocking) ---
 	if !isCompletionCommand(os.Args) {
-		setupUpdateNotice()
+		setupNotices()
 	}
 
 	if err := rootCmd.Execute(); err != nil {
@@ -139,42 +105,56 @@ func Execute() int {
 	return 0
 }
 
-// setupUpdateNotice starts an async update check and wires the output decorator.
-func setupUpdateNotice() {
-	// Sync: check cache immediately (no network, fast).
+// setupNotices wires both the binary update notice and the skills
+// staleness notice into output.PendingNotice as a composed function.
+// Each provider populates an independent key under _notice; either
+// or both may be present in any given envelope.
+func setupNotices() {
+	// Binary update — synchronous cache check + async refresh
 	if info := update.CheckCached(build.Version); info != nil {
 		update.SetPending(info)
 	}
-
-	// Async: refresh cache for this run (and future runs).
+	ver := build.Version
 	go func() {
 		defer func() {
 			if r := recover(); r != nil {
 				fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "update check panic: %v\n", r)
 			}
 		}()
-		update.RefreshCache(build.Version)
-		// If cache was just populated for the first time, set pending now.
+		update.RefreshCache(ver)
 		if update.GetPending() == nil {
-			if info := update.CheckCached(build.Version); info != nil {
+			if info := update.CheckCached(ver); info != nil {
 				update.SetPending(info)
 			}
 		}
 	}()
 
-	// Wire the output decorator so JSON envelopes include "_notice".
+	// Skills check — synchronous, local-only (no network, no goroutine).
+	skillscheck.Init(build.Version)
+
+	// Composed notice provider — emits keys only when each pending is set.
 	output.PendingNotice = func() map[string]interface{} {
-		info := update.GetPending()
-		if info == nil {
-			return nil
-		}
-		return map[string]interface{}{
-			"update": map[string]interface{}{
+		notice := map[string]interface{}{}
+		if info := update.GetPending(); info != nil {
+			notice["update"] = map[string]interface{}{
 				"current": info.Current,
 				"latest":  info.Latest,
 				"message": info.Message(),
-			},
+				"command": "lark-cli update",
+			}
 		}
+		if stale := skillscheck.GetPending(); stale != nil {
+			notice["skills"] = map[string]interface{}{
+				"current": stale.Current,
+				"target":  stale.Target,
+				"message": stale.Message(),
+				"command": "lark-cli update",
+			}
+		}
+		if len(notice) == 0 {
+			return nil
+		}
+		return notice
 	}
 }
 
@@ -190,6 +170,12 @@ func isCompletionCommand(args []string) bool {
 	return false
 }
 
+// configureFlagCompletions enables cmdutil.RegisterFlagCompletion only when
+// the invocation will actually serve a __complete request.
+func configureFlagCompletions(args []string) {
+	cmdutil.SetFlagCompletionsEnabled(isCompletionCommand(args))
+}
+
 // handleRootError dispatches a command error to the appropriate handler
 // and returns the process exit code.
 func handleRootError(f *cmdutil.Factory, err error) int {
@@ -208,6 +194,7 @@ func handleRootError(f *cmdutil.Factory, err error) int {
 		if !exitErr.Raw {
 			// Raw errors (e.g. from `api` command) preserve the original API
 			// error detail; skip enrichment which would clear it.
+			enrichMissingScopeError(f, exitErr)
 			enrichPermissionError(f, exitErr)
 		}
 		output.WriteErrorEnvelope(errOut, exitErr, string(f.ResolvedIdentity))
@@ -277,16 +264,29 @@ func writeSecurityPolicyError(w io.Writer, spErr *internalauth.SecurityPolicyErr
 }
 
 // installTipsHelpFunc wraps the default help function to append a TIPS section
-// when a command has tips set via cmdutil.SetTips.
+// when a command has tips set via cmdutil.SetTips. It also force-shows global
+// flags that are normally hidden in single-app mode (currently --profile)
+// when rendering the root command's own help, so users discovering the CLI
+// still see them at `lark-cli --help`.
 func installTipsHelpFunc(root *cobra.Command) {
 	defaultHelp := root.HelpFunc()
 	root.SetHelpFunc(func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
+		if cmd == root {
+			if f := root.PersistentFlags().Lookup("profile"); f != nil && f.Hidden {
+				f.Hidden = false
+				defer func() { f.Hidden = true }()
+			}
+		}
 		defaultHelp(cmd, args)
+		out := cmd.OutOrStdout()
+		if level, ok := cmdutil.GetRisk(cmd); ok {
+			fmt.Fprintln(out)
+			fmt.Fprintln(out, "Risk:", level)
+		}
 		tips := cmdutil.GetTips(cmd)
 		if len(tips) == 0 {
 			return
 		}
-		out := cmd.OutOrStdout()
 		fmt.Fprintln(out)
 		fmt.Fprintln(out, "Tips:")
 		for _, tip := range tips {

cmd/root_integration_test.go

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import (
 	"bytes"
 	"context"
 	"encoding/json"
+	"os"
 	"reflect"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
@@ -14,11 +15,14 @@ import (
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/cmd/api"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/cmd/auth"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/cmd/service"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/build"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/envvars"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/httpmock"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/output"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/skillscheck"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/update"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/shortcuts"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 )
@@ -135,10 +139,12 @@ func newStrictModeDefaultFactory(t *testing.T, profile string, mode core.StrictM
 		t.Fatalf("SaveMultiAppConfig() error = %v", err)
 	}
 
-	f := cmdutil.NewDefault(cmdutil.InvocationContext{Profile: profile})
 	stdout := &bytes.Buffer{}
 	stderr := &bytes.Buffer{}
-	f.IOStreams = &cmdutil.IOStreams{In: nil, Out: stdout, ErrOut: stderr}
+	f := cmdutil.NewDefault(
+		cmdutil.NewIOStreams(&bytes.Buffer{}, stdout, stderr),
+		cmdutil.InvocationContext{Profile: profile},
+	)
 	return f, stdout, stderr
 }
 
@@ -147,20 +153,6 @@ func resetBuffers(stdout *bytes.Buffer, stderr *bytes.Buffer) {
 	stderr.Reset()
 }
 
-func parseDryRunJSON(t *testing.T, stdout *bytes.Buffer) map[string]interface{} {
-	t.Helper()
-	out := stdout.String()
-	const prefix = "=== Dry Run ===\n"
-	if !strings.HasPrefix(out, prefix) {
-		t.Fatalf("expected dry-run prefix, got:\n%s", out)
-	}
-	var payload map[string]interface{}
-	if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(strings.TrimPrefix(out, prefix)), &payload); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("failed to parse dry-run payload: %v\nstdout: %s", err, out)
-	}
-	return payload
-}
-
 // --- api command ---
 
 func TestIntegration_Api_BusinessError_OutputsEnvelope(t *testing.T) {
@@ -355,11 +347,15 @@ func TestIntegration_StrictModeBot_ProfileOverride_DirectAuthLoginReturnsEnvelop
 		"auth", "login", "--json", "--scope", "im:message.send_as_user",
 	})
 
+	// auth login is user-only, so it gets pruned in strict-mode-bot and the
+	// stub error fires (not login.go's inline check, which is shadowed by
+	// pruning).
 	assertEnvelope(t, code, output.ExitValidation, stdout, stderr, output.ErrorEnvelope{
 		OK: false,
 		Error: &output.ErrDetail{
 			Type:    "strict_mode",
-			Message: `strict mode is "bot", only bot identity is allowed. This setting is managed by the administrator and must not be modified by AI agents.`,
+			Message: `strict mode is "bot", only bot-identity commands are available`,
+			Hint:    "if the user explicitly wants to switch policy, see `lark-cli config strict-mode --help` (confirm with the user before switching; switching does NOT require re-bind)",
 		},
 	})
 }
@@ -376,7 +372,8 @@ func TestIntegration_StrictModeBot_ProfileOverride_DirectUserShortcutReturnsEnve
 		OK: false,
 		Error: &output.ErrDetail{
 			Type:    "strict_mode",
-			Message: `strict mode is "bot", only bot identity is allowed. This setting is managed by the administrator and must not be modified by AI agents.`,
+			Message: `strict mode is "bot", only bot-identity commands are available`,
+			Hint:    "if the user explicitly wants to switch policy, see `lark-cli config strict-mode --help` (confirm with the user before switching; switching does NOT require re-bind)",
 		},
 	})
 }
@@ -400,7 +397,26 @@ func TestIntegration_StrictModeUser_ProfileOverride_ChatCreateDryRunSucceeds(t *
 	}
 }
 
-func TestIntegration_StrictModeBot_ProfileOverride_ServiceDryRunForcesBotIdentity(t *testing.T) {
+func TestIntegration_StrictModeUser_ProfileOverride_ShortcutExplicitBotReturnsEnvelope(t *testing.T) {
+	f, stdout, stderr := newStrictModeDefaultFactory(t, "target", core.StrictModeUser)
+	rootCmd := buildStrictModeIntegrationRootCmd(t, f)
+
+	code := executeRootIntegration(t, f, rootCmd, []string{
+		"im", "+chat-create", "--name", "probe", "--as", "bot", "--dry-run",
+	})
+
+	assertEnvelope(t, code, output.ExitValidation, stdout, stderr, output.ErrorEnvelope{
+		OK:       false,
+		Identity: "bot",
+		Error: &output.ErrDetail{
+			Type:    "strict_mode",
+			Message: `strict mode is "user", only user-identity commands are available`,
+			Hint:    "if the user explicitly wants to switch policy, see `lark-cli config strict-mode --help` (confirm with the user before switching; switching does NOT require re-bind)",
+		},
+	})
+}
+
+func TestIntegration_StrictModeBot_ProfileOverride_ServiceExplicitUserReturnsEnvelope(t *testing.T) {
 	f, stdout, stderr := newStrictModeDefaultFactory(t, "target", core.StrictModeBot)
 	rootCmd := buildStrictModeIntegrationRootCmd(t, f)
 
@@ -408,16 +424,15 @@ func TestIntegration_StrictModeBot_ProfileOverride_ServiceDryRunForcesBotIdentit
 		"im", "chats", "get", "--params", `{"chat_id":"oc_test"}`, "--as", "user", "--dry-run",
 	})
 
-	if code != 0 {
-		t.Fatalf("exit code = %d, want 0; stderr: %s", code, stderr.String())
-	}
-	if stderr.Len() != 0 {
-		t.Fatalf("expected empty stderr, got: %s", stderr.String())
-	}
-	payload := parseDryRunJSON(t, stdout)
-	if got := payload["as"]; got != "bot" {
-		t.Fatalf("dry-run as = %v, want bot", got)
-	}
+	assertEnvelope(t, code, output.ExitValidation, stdout, stderr, output.ErrorEnvelope{
+		OK:       false,
+		Identity: "user",
+		Error: &output.ErrDetail{
+			Type:    "strict_mode",
+			Message: `strict mode is "bot", only bot-identity commands are available`,
+			Hint:    "if the user explicitly wants to switch policy, see `lark-cli config strict-mode --help` (confirm with the user before switching; switching does NOT require re-bind)",
+		},
+	})
 }
 
 func TestIntegration_StrictModeUser_ProfileOverride_ServiceBotOnlyMethodReturnsEnvelope(t *testing.T) {
@@ -432,12 +447,13 @@ func TestIntegration_StrictModeUser_ProfileOverride_ServiceBotOnlyMethodReturnsE
 		OK: false,
 		Error: &output.ErrDetail{
 			Type:    "strict_mode",
-			Message: `strict mode is "user", only user identity is allowed. This setting is managed by the administrator and must not be modified by AI agents.`,
+			Message: `strict mode is "user", only user-identity commands are available`,
+			Hint:    "if the user explicitly wants to switch policy, see `lark-cli config strict-mode --help` (confirm with the user before switching; switching does NOT require re-bind)",
 		},
 	})
 }
 
-func TestIntegration_StrictModeBot_ProfileOverride_APIDryRunForcesBotIdentity(t *testing.T) {
+func TestIntegration_StrictModeBot_ProfileOverride_APIExplicitUserReturnsEnvelope(t *testing.T) {
 	f, stdout, stderr := newStrictModeDefaultFactory(t, "target", core.StrictModeBot)
 	rootCmd := buildStrictModeIntegrationRootCmd(t, f)
 
@@ -445,16 +461,15 @@ func TestIntegration_StrictModeBot_ProfileOverride_APIDryRunForcesBotIdentity(t
 		"api", "--as", "user", "GET", "/open-apis/im/v1/chats/oc_test", "--dry-run",
 	})
 
-	if code != 0 {
-		t.Fatalf("exit code = %d, want 0; stderr: %s", code, stderr.String())
-	}
-	if stderr.Len() != 0 {
-		t.Fatalf("expected empty stderr, got: %s", stderr.String())
-	}
-	payload := parseDryRunJSON(t, stdout)
-	if got := payload["as"]; got != "bot" {
-		t.Fatalf("dry-run as = %v, want bot", got)
-	}
+	assertEnvelope(t, code, output.ExitValidation, stdout, stderr, output.ErrorEnvelope{
+		OK:       false,
+		Identity: "user",
+		Error: &output.ErrDetail{
+			Type:    "strict_mode",
+			Message: `strict mode is "bot", only bot-identity commands are available`,
+			Hint:    "if the user explicitly wants to switch policy, see `lark-cli config strict-mode --help` (confirm with the user before switching; switching does NOT require re-bind)",
+		},
+	})
 }
 
 // --- shortcut command ---
@@ -488,3 +503,193 @@ func TestIntegration_Shortcut_BusinessError_OutputsEnvelope(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	})
 }
+
+// TestSetupNotices_ColdStart_NoNotice verifies that a missing stamp
+// produces no skills key in the composed notice. Users who installed
+// skills via `npx skills add` (no stamp) must not see the misleading
+// "not installed" notice — only `lark-cli update` users opt into the
+// drift tracker.
+func TestSetupNotices_ColdStart_NoNotice(t *testing.T) {
+	clearNoticeEnv(t)
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", dir)
+
+	origVersion := build.Version
+	build.Version = "1.0.21"
+	t.Cleanup(func() { build.Version = origVersion })
+
+	// Reset pending state to ensure a clean test.
+	skillscheck.SetPending(nil)
+	update.SetPending(nil)
+	output.PendingNotice = nil
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		skillscheck.SetPending(nil)
+		update.SetPending(nil)
+		output.PendingNotice = nil
+	})
+
+	setupNotices()
+
+	notice := output.GetNotice()
+	if notice == nil {
+		return // expected — no pending notices at all
+	}
+	if _, ok := notice["skills"]; ok {
+		t.Errorf("notice.skills present in cold-start state, want absent: %+v", notice)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestSetupNotices_InSync verifies that a matching stamp produces no
+// skills key in the composed notice.
+func TestSetupNotices_InSync(t *testing.T) {
+	clearNoticeEnv(t)
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", dir)
+	if err := skillscheck.WriteStamp("1.0.21"); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	origVersion := build.Version
+	build.Version = "1.0.21"
+	t.Cleanup(func() { build.Version = origVersion })
+
+	skillscheck.SetPending(nil)
+	update.SetPending(nil)
+	output.PendingNotice = nil
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		skillscheck.SetPending(nil)
+		update.SetPending(nil)
+		output.PendingNotice = nil
+	})
+
+	setupNotices()
+
+	notice := output.GetNotice()
+	if notice != nil {
+		if _, ok := notice["skills"]; ok {
+			t.Errorf("notice.skills present in in-sync state: %+v", notice)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// TestSetupNotices_Drift verifies a mismatching stamp produces the
+// drift message with both current and target populated.
+func TestSetupNotices_Drift(t *testing.T) {
+	clearNoticeEnv(t)
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", dir)
+	if err := skillscheck.WriteStamp("1.0.20"); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	origVersion := build.Version
+	build.Version = "1.0.21"
+	t.Cleanup(func() { build.Version = origVersion })
+
+	skillscheck.SetPending(nil)
+	update.SetPending(nil)
+	output.PendingNotice = nil
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		skillscheck.SetPending(nil)
+		update.SetPending(nil)
+		output.PendingNotice = nil
+	})
+
+	setupNotices()
+
+	notice := output.GetNotice()
+	if notice == nil {
+		t.Fatal("GetNotice() = nil, want non-nil for drift")
+	}
+	skills, ok := notice["skills"].(map[string]interface{})
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("notice.skills missing, got %+v", notice)
+	}
+	if skills["current"] != "1.0.20" || skills["target"] != "1.0.21" {
+		t.Errorf("notice.skills = %+v, want {current:\"1.0.20\", target:\"1.0.21\"}", skills)
+	}
+	want := "lark-cli skills 1.0.20 out of sync with binary 1.0.21, run: lark-cli update"
+	if msg, _ := skills["message"].(string); msg != want {
+		t.Errorf("notice.skills.message = %q, want %q", msg, want)
+	}
+	if cmd, _ := skills["command"].(string); cmd != "lark-cli update" {
+		t.Errorf("notice.skills.command = %q, want %q", cmd, "lark-cli update")
+	}
+}
+
+// TestSetupNotices_BothUpdateAndSkills verifies the composed envelope
+// emits BOTH "_notice.update" and "_notice.skills" keys when each
+// pending value is set. Drives the skills key via setupNotices() (drift
+// state) and manually populates the update pending afterwards, since
+// clearNoticeEnv suppresses the update goroutine to avoid network
+// flakiness.
+func TestSetupNotices_BothUpdateAndSkills(t *testing.T) {
+	clearNoticeEnv(t)
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", dir)
+	if err := skillscheck.WriteStamp("1.0.20"); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	origVersion := build.Version
+	build.Version = "1.0.21"
+	t.Cleanup(func() { build.Version = origVersion })
+
+	skillscheck.SetPending(nil)
+	update.SetPending(nil)
+	output.PendingNotice = nil
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		skillscheck.SetPending(nil)
+		update.SetPending(nil)
+		output.PendingNotice = nil
+	})
+
+	setupNotices()
+
+	// After setupNotices, skills pending is set (drift). Manually populate
+	// the update side so the composed envelope has both keys — the update
+	// goroutine is suppressed by clearNoticeEnv.
+	update.SetPending(&update.UpdateInfo{Current: "1.0.21", Latest: "1.0.22"})
+
+	notice := output.GetNotice()
+	if notice == nil {
+		t.Fatal("GetNotice() = nil, want both keys")
+	}
+	if _, ok := notice["update"].(map[string]interface{}); !ok {
+		t.Errorf("missing 'update' key: %+v", notice)
+	}
+	if _, ok := notice["skills"].(map[string]interface{}); !ok {
+		t.Errorf("missing 'skills' key: %+v", notice)
+	}
+	upd, ok := notice["update"].(map[string]interface{})
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("notice.update missing or wrong type: %+v", notice)
+	}
+	if cmd, _ := upd["command"].(string); cmd != "lark-cli update" {
+		t.Errorf("notice.update.command = %q, want %q", cmd, "lark-cli update")
+	}
+	sk, ok := notice["skills"].(map[string]interface{})
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("notice.skills missing or wrong type: %+v", notice)
+	}
+	if cmd, _ := sk["command"].(string); cmd != "lark-cli update" {
+		t.Errorf("notice.skills.command = %q, want %q", cmd, "lark-cli update")
+	}
+}
+
+// clearNoticeEnv unsets the env vars that affect either notice. We
+// proactively SUPPRESS the update notifier (LARKSUITE_CLI_NO_UPDATE_NOTIFIER=1)
+// because setupNotices spawns a goroutine that hits the npm registry —
+// tests focused on the skills check should not depend on network state.
+func clearNoticeEnv(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Helper()
+	for _, key := range []string{
+		"LARKSUITE_CLI_NO_SKILLS_NOTIFIER",
+		"CI", "BUILD_NUMBER", "RUN_ID",
+	} {
+		t.Setenv(key, "")
+		os.Unsetenv(key)
+	}
+	// Suppress the update goroutine's network call deterministically.
+	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_NO_UPDATE_NOTIFIER", "1")
+}

cmd/root_risk_help_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package cmd
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+)
+
+// rendersHelp runs the wrapped help func and returns stdout.
+func rendersHelp(t *testing.T, cmd *cobra.Command) string {
+	t.Helper()
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	cmd.SetOut(&buf)
+	cmd.SetErr(&buf)
+	cmd.HelpFunc()(cmd, nil)
+	return buf.String()
+}
+
+func TestHelpFunc_RendersRiskLineWhenAnnotated(t *testing.T) {
+	root := &cobra.Command{Use: "lark-cli"}
+	installTipsHelpFunc(root)
+
+	child := &cobra.Command{Use: "delete", Short: "delete a file"}
+	cmdutil.SetRisk(child, "high-risk-write")
+	root.AddCommand(child)
+
+	out := rendersHelp(t, child)
+	if !strings.Contains(out, "Risk: high-risk-write") {
+		t.Errorf("expected Risk line in help output, got:\n%s", out)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestHelpFunc_NoRiskLineWhenUnannotated(t *testing.T) {
+	root := &cobra.Command{Use: "lark-cli"}
+	installTipsHelpFunc(root)
+
+	child := &cobra.Command{Use: "list", Short: "list items"}
+	root.AddCommand(child)
+
+	out := rendersHelp(t, child)
+	if strings.Contains(out, "Risk:") {
+		t.Errorf("expected no Risk line when annotation is absent, got:\n%s", out)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestHelpFunc_RiskLinePrecedesTips(t *testing.T) {
+	root := &cobra.Command{Use: "lark-cli"}
+	installTipsHelpFunc(root)
+
+	child := &cobra.Command{Use: "delete", Short: "delete a file"}
+	cmdutil.SetRisk(child, "high-risk-write")
+	cmdutil.SetTips(child, []string{"use --yes to confirm"})
+	root.AddCommand(child)
+
+	out := rendersHelp(t, child)
+	riskIdx := strings.Index(out, "Risk:")
+	tipsIdx := strings.Index(out, "Tips:")
+	if riskIdx == -1 || tipsIdx == -1 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected both Risk and Tips sections, got:\n%s", out)
+	}
+	if riskIdx >= tipsIdx {
+		t.Errorf("expected Risk to precede Tips; got Risk@%d, Tips@%d", riskIdx, tipsIdx)
+	}
+}

cmd/root_test.go

@@ -11,9 +11,12 @@ import (
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/cmd/auth"
 	cmdconfig "github.com/larksuite/cli/cmd/config"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/cmd/schema"
+	internalauth "github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/auth"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/output"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/registry"
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 )
 
 // TestPersistentPreRunE_AuthCheckDisabledAnnotations verifies that
@@ -188,6 +191,150 @@ func TestEnrichPermissionError_SpecialCharsEscaped(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestEnrichMissingScopeError_ServiceMethodUsesLocalScopesWhenNoUAT(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", t.TempDir())
+
+	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{
+		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: core.BrandFeishu,
+	})
+	f.ResolvedIdentity = core.AsUser
+
+	var target registry.CommandEntry
+	for _, entry := range registry.CollectCommandScopes([]string{"calendar"}, "user") {
+		if len(entry.Scopes) == 1 && entry.Scopes[0] == "calendar:calendar.event:create" {
+			target = entry
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	if target.Command == "" {
+		t.Fatal("failed to locate a calendar create command in local registry metadata")
+	}
+	parts := strings.Split(target.Command, " ")
+	if len(parts) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected resource/method command, got %q", target.Command)
+	}
+
+	root := &cobra.Command{Use: "lark-cli"}
+	serviceCmd := &cobra.Command{Use: "calendar"}
+	resourceCmd := &cobra.Command{Use: parts[0]}
+	methodCmd := &cobra.Command{Use: parts[1]}
+	root.AddCommand(serviceCmd)
+	serviceCmd.AddCommand(resourceCmd)
+	resourceCmd.AddCommand(methodCmd)
+	f.CurrentCommand = methodCmd
+
+	exitErr := output.Errorf(output.ExitAPI, "api_error", "API call failed: %s", &internalauth.NeedAuthorizationError{})
+	enrichMissingScopeError(f, exitErr)
+
+	if exitErr.Code != output.ExitAPI {
+		t.Fatalf("expected exit code %d, got %d", output.ExitAPI, exitErr.Code)
+	}
+	if exitErr.Detail == nil || exitErr.Detail.Type != "api_error" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected api_error detail, got %+v", exitErr.Detail)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(exitErr.Detail.Message, "need_user_authorization") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected original need_user_authorization message, got %q", exitErr.Detail.Message)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(exitErr.Detail.Hint, "current command requires scope(s): calendar:calendar.event:create") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected scope guidance in hint, got %q", exitErr.Detail.Hint)
+	}
+	if strings.Contains(exitErr.Detail.Hint, "lark-cli auth login --scope") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected hint without auth login command, got %q", exitErr.Detail.Hint)
+	}
+	if exitErr.Detail.Detail != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("expected detail to remain nil, got %#v", exitErr.Detail.Detail)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestEnrichMissingScopeError_ShortcutUsesDeclaredScopesWhenNoUAT(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", t.TempDir())
+
+	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{
+		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: core.BrandFeishu,
+	})
+	f.ResolvedIdentity = core.AsUser
+
+	root := &cobra.Command{Use: "lark-cli"}
+	serviceCmd := &cobra.Command{Use: "docs"}
+	shortcutCmd := &cobra.Command{Use: "+create"}
+	root.AddCommand(serviceCmd)
+	serviceCmd.AddCommand(shortcutCmd)
+	f.CurrentCommand = shortcutCmd
+
+	exitErr := output.ErrNetwork("API call failed: %s", &internalauth.NeedAuthorizationError{})
+	enrichMissingScopeError(f, exitErr)
+
+	if exitErr.Code != output.ExitNetwork {
+		t.Fatalf("expected exit code %d, got %d", output.ExitNetwork, exitErr.Code)
+	}
+	if exitErr.Detail == nil || exitErr.Detail.Type != "network" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected network detail, got %+v", exitErr.Detail)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(exitErr.Detail.Message, "need_user_authorization") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected original need_user_authorization message, got %q", exitErr.Detail.Message)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(exitErr.Detail.Hint, "current command requires scope(s): docx:document:create") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected shortcut scope hint, got %q", exitErr.Detail.Hint)
+	}
+	if strings.Contains(exitErr.Detail.Hint, "lark-cli auth login --scope") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected hint without auth login command, got %q", exitErr.Detail.Hint)
+	}
+	if exitErr.Detail.Detail != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("expected detail to remain nil, got %#v", exitErr.Detail.Detail)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestEnrichMissingScopeError_ShortcutIncludesConditionalScopes(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", t.TempDir())
+
+	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{
+		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: core.BrandFeishu,
+	})
+	f.ResolvedIdentity = core.AsUser
+
+	root := &cobra.Command{Use: "lark-cli"}
+	serviceCmd := &cobra.Command{Use: "drive"}
+	shortcutCmd := &cobra.Command{Use: "+status"}
+	root.AddCommand(serviceCmd)
+	serviceCmd.AddCommand(shortcutCmd)
+	f.CurrentCommand = shortcutCmd
+
+	exitErr := output.ErrNetwork("API call failed: %s", &internalauth.NeedAuthorizationError{})
+	enrichMissingScopeError(f, exitErr)
+
+	if exitErr.Detail == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected error detail")
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(exitErr.Detail.Hint, "current command requires scope(s): drive:drive.metadata:readonly, drive:file:download") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected conditional scope hint for drive +status, got %q", exitErr.Detail.Hint)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestEnrichMissingScopeError_AppendsExistingHint(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", t.TempDir())
+
+	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{
+		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: core.BrandFeishu,
+	})
+	f.ResolvedIdentity = core.AsUser
+
+	root := &cobra.Command{Use: "lark-cli"}
+	serviceCmd := &cobra.Command{Use: "docs"}
+	shortcutCmd := &cobra.Command{Use: "+create"}
+	root.AddCommand(serviceCmd)
+	serviceCmd.AddCommand(shortcutCmd)
+	f.CurrentCommand = shortcutCmd
+
+	exitErr := output.ErrNetwork("API call failed: %s", &internalauth.NeedAuthorizationError{})
+	exitErr.Detail.Hint = "existing hint"
+	enrichMissingScopeError(f, exitErr)
+
+	want := "existing hint\ncurrent command requires scope(s): docx:document:create"
+	if exitErr.Detail.Hint != want {
+		t.Fatalf("expected appended hint %q, got %q", want, exitErr.Detail.Hint)
+	}
+}
+
 func TestRootLong_AgentSkillsLinkTargetsReadmeSection(t *testing.T) {
 	if !strings.Contains(rootLong, "https://github.com/larksuite/cli#agent-skills") {
 		t.Fatalf("root help should link to the README Agent Skills section, got:\n%s", rootLong)
@@ -196,3 +343,28 @@ func TestRootLong_AgentSkillsLinkTargetsReadmeSection(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("root help should not reference the removed install-ai-agent-skills anchor, got:\n%s", rootLong)
 	}
 }
+
+func TestConfigureFlagCompletions(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Cleanup(func() { cmdutil.SetFlagCompletionsEnabled(false) })
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name         string
+		args         []string
+		wantDisabled bool
+	}{
+		{"plain command", []string{"im", "+send"}, true},
+		{"help flag", []string{"im", "--help"}, true},
+		{"no args", []string{}, true},
+		{"__complete request", []string{"__complete", "im", "+send", ""}, false},
+		{"completion subcommand", []string{"completion", "bash"}, false},
+	}
+	for _, tc := range tests {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			cmdutil.SetFlagCompletionsEnabled(tc.wantDisabled)
+			configureFlagCompletions(tc.args)
+			if got := !cmdutil.FlagCompletionsEnabled(); got != tc.wantDisabled {
+				t.Fatalf("FlagCompletionsEnabled() = %v, want disabled=%v", !got, tc.wantDisabled)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}

cmd/schema/schema.go

@@ -4,12 +4,14 @@
 package schema
 
 import (
+	"context"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"sort"
 	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/output"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/registry"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/util"
@@ -19,6 +21,7 @@ import (
 // SchemaOptions holds all inputs for the schema command.
 type SchemaOptions struct {
 	Factory *cmdutil.Factory
+	Ctx     context.Context
 
 	// Positional args
 	Path string
@@ -41,7 +44,7 @@ func printServices(w io.Writer) {
 	fmt.Fprintf(w, "\n%sUsage: lark-cli schema <service>.<resource>.<method>%s\n", output.Dim, output.Reset)
 }
 
-func printResourceList(w io.Writer, spec map[string]interface{}) {
+func printResourceList(w io.Writer, spec map[string]interface{}, mode core.StrictMode) {
 	name := registry.GetStrFromMap(spec, "name")
 	version := registry.GetStrFromMap(spec, "version")
 	title := registry.GetStrFromMap(spec, "title")
@@ -55,9 +58,13 @@ func printResourceList(w io.Writer, spec map[string]interface{}) {
 
 	resources, _ := spec["resources"].(map[string]interface{})
 	for _, resName := range sortedKeys(resources) {
-		fmt.Fprintf(w, "  %s%s%s\n", output.Cyan, resName, output.Reset)
 		resMap, _ := resources[resName].(map[string]interface{})
 		methods, _ := resMap["methods"].(map[string]interface{})
+		methods = filterMethodsByStrictMode(methods, mode)
+		if len(methods) == 0 {
+			continue
+		}
+		fmt.Fprintf(w, "  %s%s%s\n", output.Cyan, resName, output.Reset)
 		for _, methodName := range sortedKeys(methods) {
 			m, _ := methods[methodName].(map[string]interface{})
 			httpMethod := registry.GetStrFromMap(m, "httpMethod")
@@ -359,6 +366,7 @@ func NewCmdSchema(f *cmdutil.Factory, runF func(*SchemaOptions) error) *cobra.Co
 			if len(args) > 0 {
 				opts.Path = args[0]
 			}
+			opts.Ctx = cmd.Context()
 			if runF != nil {
 				return runF(opts)
 			}
@@ -367,9 +375,9 @@ func NewCmdSchema(f *cmdutil.Factory, runF func(*SchemaOptions) error) *cobra.Co
 	}
 	cmdutil.DisableAuthCheck(cmd)
 
-	cmd.ValidArgsFunction = completeSchemaPath
+	cmd.ValidArgsFunction = completeSchemaPath(f)
 	cmd.Flags().StringVar(&opts.Format, "format", "json", "output format: json (default) | pretty")
-	_ = cmd.RegisterFlagCompletionFunc("format", func(_ *cobra.Command, _ []string, _ string) ([]string, cobra.ShellCompDirective) {
+	cmdutil.RegisterFlagCompletion(cmd, "format", func(_ *cobra.Command, _ []string, _ string) ([]string, cobra.ShellCompDirective) {
 		return []string{"json", "pretty"}, cobra.ShellCompDirectiveNoFileComp
 	})
 
@@ -379,78 +387,86 @@ func NewCmdSchema(f *cmdutil.Factory, runF func(*SchemaOptions) error) *cobra.Co
 // completeSchemaPath provides tab-completion for the schema path argument.
 // It handles dotted resource names (e.g. app.table.fields) by iterating all
 // resources and classifying each as a prefix-match or fully-matched.
-func completeSchemaPath(_ *cobra.Command, args []string, toComplete string) ([]string, cobra.ShellCompDirective) {
-	if len(args) > 0 {
-		return nil, cobra.ShellCompDirectiveNoFileComp
-	}
+func completeSchemaPath(f *cmdutil.Factory) func(*cobra.Command, []string, string) ([]string, cobra.ShellCompDirective) {
+	return func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string, toComplete string) ([]string, cobra.ShellCompDirective) {
+		if len(args) > 0 {
+			return nil, cobra.ShellCompDirectiveNoFileComp
+		}
 
-	parts := strings.Split(toComplete, ".")
+		parts := strings.Split(toComplete, ".")
 
-	// Level 1: complete service names
-	if len(parts) <= 1 {
-		var completions []string
-		for _, s := range registry.ListFromMetaProjects() {
-			if strings.HasPrefix(s, toComplete) {
-				completions = append(completions, s+".")
+		// Level 1: complete service names
+		if len(parts) <= 1 {
+			var completions []string
+			for _, s := range registry.ListFromMetaProjects() {
+				if strings.HasPrefix(s, toComplete) {
+					completions = append(completions, s+".")
+				}
+			}
+			return completions, cobra.ShellCompDirectiveNoFileComp | cobra.ShellCompDirectiveNoSpace
+		}
+
+		serviceName := parts[0]
+		spec := registry.LoadFromMeta(serviceName)
+		if spec == nil {
+			return nil, cobra.ShellCompDirectiveNoFileComp
+		}
+		mode := f.ResolveStrictMode(cmd.Context())
+		spec = filterSpecByStrictMode(spec, mode)
+		resources, _ := spec["resources"].(map[string]interface{})
+		if resources == nil {
+			return nil, cobra.ShellCompDirectiveNoFileComp
+		}
+
+		afterService := strings.Join(parts[1:], ".")
+		completions := completeSchemaPathForSpec(serviceName, resources, afterService)
+
+		allTrailingDot := len(completions) > 0
+		for _, c := range completions {
+			if !strings.HasSuffix(c, ".") {
+				allTrailingDot = false
+				break
 			}
 		}
-		return completions, cobra.ShellCompDirectiveNoFileComp | cobra.ShellCompDirectiveNoSpace
+		directive := cobra.ShellCompDirectiveNoFileComp
+		if allTrailingDot {
+			directive |= cobra.ShellCompDirectiveNoSpace
+		}
+		return completions, directive
 	}
+}
 
-	serviceName := parts[0]
-	spec := registry.LoadFromMeta(serviceName)
-	if spec == nil {
-		return nil, cobra.ShellCompDirectiveNoFileComp
-	}
-	resources, _ := spec["resources"].(map[string]interface{})
-	if resources == nil {
-		return nil, cobra.ShellCompDirectiveNoFileComp
-	}
-
-	// afterService = everything user typed after "serviceName."
-	afterService := strings.Join(parts[1:], ".")
-
+func completeSchemaPathForSpec(serviceName string, resources map[string]interface{}, afterService string) []string {
 	var completions []string
 
 	for resName, resVal := range resources {
 		if strings.HasPrefix(resName, afterService) {
-			// afterService is a prefix of this resource name → resource candidate
 			completions = append(completions, serviceName+"."+resName+".")
-		} else if strings.HasPrefix(afterService, resName+".") {
-			// This resource is fully matched; remainder is method prefix
-			methodPrefix := afterService[len(resName)+1:]
-			resMap, _ := resVal.(map[string]interface{})
-			if resMap == nil {
-				continue
-			}
-			methods, _ := resMap["methods"].(map[string]interface{})
-			for methodName := range methods {
-				if strings.HasPrefix(methodName, methodPrefix) {
-					completions = append(completions, serviceName+"."+resName+"."+methodName)
-				}
+			continue
+		}
+		if !strings.HasPrefix(afterService, resName+".") {
+			continue
+		}
+		methodPrefix := afterService[len(resName)+1:]
+		resMap, _ := resVal.(map[string]interface{})
+		if resMap == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		methods, _ := resMap["methods"].(map[string]interface{})
+		for methodName := range methods {
+			if strings.HasPrefix(methodName, methodPrefix) {
+				completions = append(completions, serviceName+"."+resName+"."+methodName)
 			}
 		}
 	}
 
 	sort.Strings(completions)
-
-	// If all completions end with ".", user is still navigating resources → NoSpace
-	allTrailingDot := len(completions) > 0
-	for _, c := range completions {
-		if !strings.HasSuffix(c, ".") {
-			allTrailingDot = false
-			break
-		}
-	}
-	directive := cobra.ShellCompDirectiveNoFileComp
-	if allTrailingDot {
-		directive |= cobra.ShellCompDirectiveNoSpace
-	}
-	return completions, directive
+	return completions
 }
 
 func schemaRun(opts *SchemaOptions) error {
 	out := opts.Factory.IOStreams.Out
+	mode := opts.Factory.ResolveStrictMode(opts.Ctx)
 
 	if opts.Path == "" {
 		printServices(out)
@@ -469,9 +485,9 @@ func schemaRun(opts *SchemaOptions) error {
 
 	if len(parts) == 1 {
 		if opts.Format == "pretty" {
-			printResourceList(out, spec)
+			printResourceList(out, spec, mode)
 		} else {
-			output.PrintJson(out, spec)
+			output.PrintJson(out, filterSpecByStrictMode(spec, mode))
 		}
 		return nil
 	}
@@ -492,6 +508,7 @@ func schemaRun(opts *SchemaOptions) error {
 		if opts.Format == "pretty" {
 			fmt.Fprintf(out, "%s%s.%s%s\n\n", output.Bold, serviceName, resName, output.Reset)
 			methods, _ := resource["methods"].(map[string]interface{})
+			methods = filterMethodsByStrictMode(methods, mode)
 			for _, mName := range sortedKeys(methods) {
 				m, _ := methods[mName].(map[string]interface{})
 				httpMethod := registry.GetStrFromMap(m, "httpMethod")
@@ -500,13 +517,26 @@ func schemaRun(opts *SchemaOptions) error {
 			}
 			fmt.Fprintf(out, "\n%sUsage: lark-cli schema %s.%s.<method>%s\n", output.Dim, serviceName, resName, output.Reset)
 		} else {
-			output.PrintJson(out, resource)
+			// For JSON output, filter methods in a copy to avoid mutating the registry.
+			if mode.IsActive() {
+				filtered := make(map[string]interface{})
+				for k, v := range resource {
+					filtered[k] = v
+				}
+				if methods, ok := resource["methods"].(map[string]interface{}); ok {
+					filtered["methods"] = filterMethodsByStrictMode(methods, mode)
+				}
+				output.PrintJson(out, filtered)
+			} else {
+				output.PrintJson(out, resource)
+			}
 		}
 		return nil
 	}
 
 	methodName := remaining[0]
 	methods, _ := resource["methods"].(map[string]interface{})
+	methods = filterMethodsByStrictMode(methods, mode)
 	method, ok := methods[methodName].(map[string]interface{})
 	if !ok {
 		var mNames []string
@@ -525,3 +555,67 @@ func schemaRun(opts *SchemaOptions) error {
 	}
 	return nil
 }
+
+// filterSpecByStrictMode returns a shallow copy of spec with each resource's methods
+// filtered by strict mode. Returns the original spec when strict mode is off.
+func filterSpecByStrictMode(spec map[string]interface{}, mode core.StrictMode) map[string]interface{} {
+	if !mode.IsActive() {
+		return spec
+	}
+	result := make(map[string]interface{}, len(spec))
+	for k, v := range spec {
+		result[k] = v
+	}
+	resources, _ := spec["resources"].(map[string]interface{})
+	if resources == nil {
+		return result
+	}
+	filteredRes := make(map[string]interface{}, len(resources))
+	for resName, resVal := range resources {
+		resMap, ok := resVal.(map[string]interface{})
+		if !ok {
+			continue
+		}
+		methods, _ := resMap["methods"].(map[string]interface{})
+		filtered := filterMethodsByStrictMode(methods, mode)
+		if len(filtered) == 0 {
+			continue
+		}
+		resCopy := make(map[string]interface{}, len(resMap))
+		for k, v := range resMap {
+			resCopy[k] = v
+		}
+		resCopy["methods"] = filtered
+		filteredRes[resName] = resCopy
+	}
+	result["resources"] = filteredRes
+	return result
+}
+
+// filterMethodsByStrictMode removes methods incompatible with the active strict mode.
+// Returns the original map unmodified when strict mode is off.
+func filterMethodsByStrictMode(methods map[string]interface{}, mode core.StrictMode) map[string]interface{} {
+	if !mode.IsActive() || methods == nil {
+		return methods
+	}
+	token := registry.IdentityToAccessToken(string(mode.ForcedIdentity()))
+	filtered := make(map[string]interface{}, len(methods))
+	for name, val := range methods {
+		m, ok := val.(map[string]interface{})
+		if !ok {
+			continue
+		}
+		tokens, _ := m["accessTokens"].([]interface{})
+		if tokens == nil {
+			filtered[name] = val
+			continue
+		}
+		for _, t := range tokens {
+			if ts, ok := t.(string); ok && ts == token {
+				filtered[name] = val
+				break
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return filtered
+}

cmd/schema/schema_test.go

@@ -182,3 +182,49 @@ func TestHasFileFields(t *testing.T) {
 		})
 	}
 }
+
+func TestCompleteSchemaPathForSpec(t *testing.T) {
+	resources := map[string]interface{}{
+		"records": map[string]interface{}{
+			"methods": map[string]interface{}{
+				"create": map[string]interface{}{},
+				"list":   map[string]interface{}{},
+			},
+		},
+		"record_permissions": map[string]interface{}{
+			"methods": map[string]interface{}{
+				"get": map[string]interface{}{},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	got := completeSchemaPathForSpec("base", resources, "records.cr")
+	if len(got) != 1 || got[0] != "base.records.create" {
+		t.Fatalf("completions = %v, want [base.records.create]", got)
+	}
+
+	got = completeSchemaPathForSpec("base", resources, "record")
+	if len(got) != 2 || got[0] != "base.record_permissions." || got[1] != "base.records." {
+		t.Fatalf("resource completions = %v", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestFilterSpecByStrictMode_RemovesIncompatibleMethodsFromCompletionSource(t *testing.T) {
+	spec := map[string]interface{}{
+		"resources": map[string]interface{}{
+			"records": map[string]interface{}{
+				"methods": map[string]interface{}{
+					"list":   map[string]interface{}{"accessTokens": []interface{}{"tenant"}},
+					"create": map[string]interface{}{"accessTokens": []interface{}{"user"}},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	filtered := filterSpecByStrictMode(spec, core.StrictModeBot)
+	resources, _ := filtered["resources"].(map[string]interface{})
+	got := completeSchemaPathForSpec("base", resources, "records.")
+	if len(got) != 1 || got[0] != "base.records.list" {
+		t.Fatalf("filtered completions = %v, want [base.records.list]", got)
+	}
+}

cmd/service/service.go

@@ -24,6 +24,10 @@ import (
 
 // RegisterServiceCommands registers all service commands from from_meta specs.
 func RegisterServiceCommands(parent *cobra.Command, f *cmdutil.Factory) {
+	RegisterServiceCommandsWithContext(context.Background(), parent, f)
+}
+
+func RegisterServiceCommandsWithContext(ctx context.Context, parent *cobra.Command, f *cmdutil.Factory) {
 	for _, project := range registry.ListFromMetaProjects() {
 		spec := registry.LoadFromMeta(project)
 		if spec == nil {
@@ -38,11 +42,15 @@ func RegisterServiceCommands(parent *cobra.Command, f *cmdutil.Factory) {
 		if resources == nil {
 			continue
 		}
-		registerService(parent, spec, resources, f)
+		registerServiceWithContext(ctx, parent, spec, resources, f)
 	}
 }
 
 func registerService(parent *cobra.Command, spec map[string]interface{}, resources map[string]interface{}, f *cmdutil.Factory) {
+	registerServiceWithContext(context.Background(), parent, spec, resources, f)
+}
+
+func registerServiceWithContext(ctx context.Context, parent *cobra.Command, spec map[string]interface{}, resources map[string]interface{}, f *cmdutil.Factory) {
 	specName := registry.GetStrFromMap(spec, "name")
 	specDesc := registry.GetServiceDescription(specName, "en")
 	if specDesc == "" {
@@ -70,11 +78,11 @@ func registerService(parent *cobra.Command, spec map[string]interface{}, resourc
 		if resMap == nil {
 			continue
 		}
-		registerResource(svc, spec, resName, resMap, f)
+		registerResourceWithContext(ctx, svc, spec, resName, resMap, f)
 	}
 }
 
-func registerResource(parent *cobra.Command, spec map[string]interface{}, name string, resource map[string]interface{}, f *cmdutil.Factory) {
+func registerResourceWithContext(ctx context.Context, parent *cobra.Command, spec map[string]interface{}, name string, resource map[string]interface{}, f *cmdutil.Factory) {
 	res := &cobra.Command{
 		Use:   name,
 		Short: name + " operations",
@@ -87,7 +95,7 @@ func registerResource(parent *cobra.Command, spec map[string]interface{}, name s
 		if methodMap == nil {
 			continue
 		}
-		registerMethod(res, spec, methodMap, methodName, name, f)
+		registerMethodWithContext(ctx, res, spec, methodMap, methodName, name, f)
 	}
 }
 
@@ -101,16 +109,16 @@ type ServiceMethodOptions struct {
 	SchemaPath string
 
 	// Flags
-	Params    string
-	Data      string
-	As        core.Identity
-	Output    string
-	PageAll   bool
-	PageLimit int
-	PageDelay int
-	Format    string
-	JqExpr    string
-	DryRun    bool
+	Params     string
+	Data       string
+	As         core.Identity
+	Output     string
+	PageAll    bool
+	PageLimit  int
+	PageDelay  int
+	Format     string
+	JqExpr     string
+	DryRun     bool
 	File       string   // --file flag value
 	FileFields []string // auto-detected file field names from metadata
 }
@@ -120,14 +128,19 @@ func detectFileFields(method map[string]interface{}) []string {
 	return cmdutil.DetectFileFields(method)
 }
 
-func registerMethod(parent *cobra.Command, spec map[string]interface{}, method map[string]interface{}, name string, resName string, f *cmdutil.Factory) {
-	parent.AddCommand(NewCmdServiceMethod(f, spec, method, name, resName, nil))
+func registerMethodWithContext(ctx context.Context, parent *cobra.Command, spec map[string]interface{}, method map[string]interface{}, name string, resName string, f *cmdutil.Factory) {
+	parent.AddCommand(NewCmdServiceMethodWithContext(ctx, f, spec, method, name, resName, nil))
 }
 
 // NewCmdServiceMethod creates a command for a dynamically registered service method.
 func NewCmdServiceMethod(f *cmdutil.Factory, spec, method map[string]interface{}, name, resName string, runF func(*ServiceMethodOptions) error) *cobra.Command {
+	return NewCmdServiceMethodWithContext(context.Background(), f, spec, method, name, resName, runF)
+}
+
+func NewCmdServiceMethodWithContext(ctx context.Context, f *cmdutil.Factory, spec, method map[string]interface{}, name, resName string, runF func(*ServiceMethodOptions) error) *cobra.Command {
 	desc := registry.GetStrFromMap(method, "description")
 	httpMethod := registry.GetStrFromMap(method, "httpMethod")
+	risk := registry.GetStrFromMap(method, "risk")
 	specName := registry.GetStrFromMap(spec, "name")
 	schemaPath := fmt.Sprintf("%s.%s.%s", specName, resName, name)
 
@@ -154,12 +167,12 @@ func NewCmdServiceMethod(f *cmdutil.Factory, spec, method map[string]interface{}
 		},
 	}
 
-	cmd.Flags().StringVar(&opts.Params, "params", "", "URL/query parameters JSON (supports - for stdin)")
+	cmd.Flags().StringVar(&opts.Params, "params", "", "URL/query parameters JSON (supports - for stdin, @file for file input)")
 	switch httpMethod {
 	case "POST", "PUT", "PATCH", "DELETE":
-		cmd.Flags().StringVar(&opts.Data, "data", "", "request body JSON (supports - for stdin)")
+		cmd.Flags().StringVar(&opts.Data, "data", "", "request body JSON (supports - for stdin, @file for file input)")
 	}
-	cmd.Flags().StringVar(&asStr, "as", "auto", "identity type: user | bot | auto (default)")
+	cmdutil.AddAPIIdentityFlag(ctx, cmd, f, &asStr)
 	cmd.Flags().StringVarP(&opts.Output, "output", "o", "", "output file path for binary responses")
 	cmd.Flags().BoolVar(&opts.PageAll, "page-all", false, "automatically paginate through all pages")
 	cmd.Flags().IntVar(&opts.PageLimit, "page-limit", 10, "max pages to fetch with --page-all (0 = unlimited)")
@@ -167,6 +180,9 @@ func NewCmdServiceMethod(f *cmdutil.Factory, spec, method map[string]interface{}
 	cmd.Flags().StringVar(&opts.Format, "format", "json", "output format: json|ndjson|table|csv")
 	cmd.Flags().StringVarP(&opts.JqExpr, "jq", "q", "", "jq expression to filter JSON output")
 	cmd.Flags().BoolVar(&opts.DryRun, "dry-run", false, "print request without executing")
+	if risk == "high-risk-write" {
+		cmd.Flags().Bool("yes", false, "confirm high-risk operation")
+	}
 
 	// Conditionally register --file for methods with file-type fields.
 	fileFields := detectFileFields(method)
@@ -177,15 +193,12 @@ func NewCmdServiceMethod(f *cmdutil.Factory, spec, method map[string]interface{}
 			cmd.Flags().StringVar(&opts.File, "file", "", "file to upload ([field=]path, supports - for stdin)")
 		}
 	}
-
-	_ = cmd.RegisterFlagCompletionFunc("as", func(_ *cobra.Command, _ []string, _ string) ([]string, cobra.ShellCompDirective) {
-		return []string{"user", "bot"}, cobra.ShellCompDirectiveNoFileComp
-	})
-	_ = cmd.RegisterFlagCompletionFunc("format", func(_ *cobra.Command, _ []string, _ string) ([]string, cobra.ShellCompDirective) {
+	cmdutil.RegisterFlagCompletion(cmd, "format", func(_ *cobra.Command, _ []string, _ string) ([]string, cobra.ShellCompDirective) {
 		return []string{"json", "ndjson", "table", "csv"}, cobra.ShellCompDirectiveNoFileComp
 	})
 
 	cmdutil.SetTips(cmd, registry.GetStrSliceFromMap(method, "tips"))
+	cmdutil.SetRisk(cmd, risk)
 	if tokens, ok := method["accessTokens"].([]interface{}); ok && len(tokens) > 0 {
 		cmdutil.SetSupportedIdentities(cmd, cmdutil.AccessTokensToIdentities(tokens))
 	}
@@ -241,6 +254,12 @@ func serviceMethodRun(opts *ServiceMethodOptions) error {
 		return serviceDryRun(f, request, config, opts.Format)
 	}
 
+	if registry.GetStrFromMap(opts.Method, "risk") == "high-risk-write" {
+		if yes, _ := opts.Cmd.Flags().GetBool("yes"); !yes {
+			return cmdutil.RequireConfirmation(opts.SchemaPath)
+		}
+	}
+
 	ac, err := f.NewAPIClientWithConfig(config)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
@@ -264,13 +283,14 @@ func serviceMethodRun(opts *ServiceMethodOptions) error {
 		return output.ErrNetwork("API call failed: %s", err)
 	}
 	return client.HandleResponse(resp, client.ResponseOptions{
-		OutputPath: opts.Output,
-		Format:     format,
-		JqExpr:     opts.JqExpr,
-		Out:        out,
-		ErrOut:     f.IOStreams.ErrOut,
-		FileIO:     f.ResolveFileIO(opts.Ctx),
-		CheckError: checkErr,
+		OutputPath:  opts.Output,
+		Format:      format,
+		JqExpr:      opts.JqExpr,
+		Out:         out,
+		ErrOut:      f.IOStreams.ErrOut,
+		FileIO:      f.ResolveFileIO(opts.Ctx),
+		CommandPath: opts.Cmd.CommandPath(),
+		CheckError:  checkErr,
 	})
 }
 
@@ -334,6 +354,7 @@ func buildServiceRequest(opts *ServiceMethodOptions) (client.RawApiRequest, *cmd
 	// stdin is an io.Reader consumed at most once. Only one of --params/--data
 	// may use "-" (stdin); the conflict check below prevents silent data loss.
 	stdin := opts.Factory.IOStreams.In
+	fileIO := opts.Factory.ResolveFileIO(opts.Ctx)
 
 	// Validate --file mutual exclusions.
 	if err := cmdutil.ValidateFileFlag(opts.File, opts.Params, opts.Data, opts.Output, opts.PageAll, httpMethod); err != nil {
@@ -342,7 +363,7 @@ func buildServiceRequest(opts *ServiceMethodOptions) (client.RawApiRequest, *cmd
 	if opts.Params == "-" && opts.Data == "-" {
 		return client.RawApiRequest{}, nil, output.ErrValidation("--params and --data cannot both read from stdin (-)")
 	}
-	params, err := cmdutil.ParseJSONMap(opts.Params, "--params", stdin)
+	params, err := cmdutil.ParseJSONMap(opts.Params, "--params", stdin, fileIO)
 	if err != nil {
 		return client.RawApiRequest{}, nil, err
 	}
@@ -411,7 +432,7 @@ func buildServiceRequest(opts *ServiceMethodOptions) (client.RawApiRequest, *cmd
 		// Parse --data as form fields.
 		var dataFields any
 		if opts.Data != "" {
-			dataFields, err = cmdutil.ParseOptionalBody(httpMethod, opts.Data, stdin)
+			dataFields, err = cmdutil.ParseOptionalBody(httpMethod, opts.Data, stdin, fileIO)
 			if err != nil {
 				return client.RawApiRequest{}, nil, err
 			}
@@ -427,7 +448,7 @@ func buildServiceRequest(opts *ServiceMethodOptions) (client.RawApiRequest, *cmd
 		}
 
 		fd, err := cmdutil.BuildFormdata(
-			opts.Factory.ResolveFileIO(opts.Ctx),
+			fileIO,
 			fieldName, filePath, isStdin, stdin, dataFields,
 		)
 		if err != nil {
@@ -436,7 +457,7 @@ func buildServiceRequest(opts *ServiceMethodOptions) (client.RawApiRequest, *cmd
 		request.Data = fd
 		request.ExtraOpts = append(request.ExtraOpts, larkcore.WithFileUpload())
 	} else {
-		data, err := cmdutil.ParseOptionalBody(httpMethod, opts.Data, stdin)
+		data, err := cmdutil.ParseOptionalBody(httpMethod, opts.Data, stdin, fileIO)
 		if err != nil {
 			return client.RawApiRequest{}, nil, err
 		}

cmd/service/service_risk_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package service
+
+import (
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
+)
+
+// highRiskDeleteMethod mirrors a simple DELETE API with a required path
+// parameter and risk metadata. The returned map is what service registration
+// reads; the test exercises --yes registration and the gate behavior.
+func highRiskDeleteMethod() map[string]interface{} {
+	return map[string]interface{}{
+		"path":       "files/{file_token}",
+		"httpMethod": "DELETE",
+		"risk":       "high-risk-write",
+		"parameters": map[string]interface{}{
+			"file_token": map[string]interface{}{
+				"type": "string", "location": "path", "required": true,
+			},
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+func writeMethodNoRisk() map[string]interface{} {
+	return map[string]interface{}{
+		"path":       "files/{file_token}",
+		"httpMethod": "DELETE",
+		"parameters": map[string]interface{}{
+			"file_token": map[string]interface{}{
+				"type": "string", "location": "path", "required": true,
+			},
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+func TestServiceMethod_YesFlagRegisteredForHighRisk(t *testing.T) {
+	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, testConfig)
+	cmd := NewCmdServiceMethod(f, driveSpec(), highRiskDeleteMethod(), "delete", "files", nil)
+
+	if cmd.Flags().Lookup("yes") == nil {
+		t.Error("expected --yes flag registered for risk=high-risk-write")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestServiceMethod_YesFlagNotRegisteredForWrite(t *testing.T) {
+	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, testConfig)
+	cmd := NewCmdServiceMethod(f, driveSpec(), writeMethodNoRisk(), "delete", "files", nil)
+
+	if cmd.Flags().Lookup("yes") != nil {
+		t.Error("expected --yes flag NOT registered when risk is unset")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestServiceMethod_RiskAnnotationSet(t *testing.T) {
+	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, testConfig)
+	cmd := NewCmdServiceMethod(f, driveSpec(), highRiskDeleteMethod(), "delete", "files", nil)
+
+	level, ok := cmdutil.GetRisk(cmd)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatal("expected Risk annotation to be set")
+	}
+	if level != "high-risk-write" {
+		t.Errorf("level = %q, want high-risk-write", level)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestServiceMethod_RiskAnnotationAbsentForUnsetRisk(t *testing.T) {
+	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, testConfig)
+	cmd := NewCmdServiceMethod(f, driveSpec(), writeMethodNoRisk(), "delete", "files", nil)
+
+	if _, ok := cmdutil.GetRisk(cmd); ok {
+		t.Error("expected no Risk annotation when meta risk is unset")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestServiceMethod_GateBlocksWithoutYes(t *testing.T) {
+	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, testConfig)
+	cmd := NewCmdServiceMethod(f, driveSpec(), highRiskDeleteMethod(), "delete", "files", nil)
+	// --as bot skips the scope check so we reach the gate without external creds.
+	cmd.SetArgs([]string{"--as", "bot", "--params", `{"file_token":"tok_abc"}`})
+
+	err := cmd.Execute()
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected confirmation error, got nil")
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "requires confirmation") {
+		t.Errorf("expected 'requires confirmation' in error, got: %v", err)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "drive.files.delete") {
+		t.Errorf("expected schema path in error action, got: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestServiceMethod_DryRunBypassesGate(t *testing.T) {
+	f, stdout, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, testConfig)
+	cmd := NewCmdServiceMethod(f, driveSpec(), highRiskDeleteMethod(), "delete", "files", nil)
+	cmd.SetArgs([]string{
+		"--as", "bot",
+		"--params", `{"file_token":"tok_abc"}`,
+		"--dry-run",
+	})
+
+	if err := cmd.Execute(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("dry-run should not hit confirmation gate; got: %v", err)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(stdout.String(), "files/tok_abc") {
+		t.Errorf("expected dry-run output to contain URL, got:\n%s", stdout.String())
+	}
+}

cmd/service/service_test.go

@@ -121,6 +121,24 @@ func TestRegisterService_MergesExistingCommand(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestNewCmdServiceMethod_StrictModeHidesAsFlag(t *testing.T) {
+	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{
+		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: core.BrandFeishu, SupportedIdentities: 2,
+	})
+
+	cmd := NewCmdServiceMethod(f, driveSpec(), driveMethod("GET", nil), "copy", "files", nil)
+	flag := cmd.Flags().Lookup("as")
+	if flag == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected --as flag to be registered")
+	}
+	if !flag.Hidden {
+		t.Fatal("expected --as flag to be hidden in strict mode")
+	}
+	if got := flag.DefValue; got != "bot" {
+		t.Fatalf("default value = %q, want %q", got, "bot")
+	}
+}
+
 // ── NewCmdServiceMethod flags ──
 
 func TestNewCmdServiceMethod_GETHasNoDataFlag(t *testing.T) {

cmd/update/update.go

@@ -14,13 +14,15 @@ import (
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/output"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/selfupdate"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/skillscheck"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/update"
 )
 
 const (
-	repoURL      = "https://github.com/larksuite/cli"
-	maxNpmOutput = 2000
-	osWindows    = "windows"
+	repoURL         = "https://github.com/larksuite/cli"
+	maxNpmOutput    = 2000
+	maxStderrDetail = 500
+	osWindows       = "windows"
 )
 
 // Overridable for testing.
@@ -33,6 +35,13 @@ var (
 
 func isWindows() bool { return currentOS == osWindows }
 
+// normalizeVersion canonicalizes a version string for stamp comparison.
+// Strips a leading "v" so versions written from Makefile (git describe →
+// "v1.0.0") and npm (no prefix → "1.0.0") compare equal.
+func normalizeVersion(s string) string {
+	return strings.TrimPrefix(strings.TrimSpace(s), "v")
+}
+
 func releaseURL(version string) string {
 	return repoURL + "/releases/tag/v" + strings.TrimPrefix(version, "v")
 }
@@ -127,16 +136,15 @@ func updateRun(opts *UpdateOptions) error {
 
 	// 3. Compare versions
 	if !opts.Force && !update.IsNewer(latest, cur) {
-		if opts.JSON {
-			output.PrintJson(io.Out, map[string]interface{}{
-				"ok": true, "previous_version": cur, "current_version": cur,
-				"latest_version": latest, "action": "already_up_to_date",
-				"message": fmt.Sprintf("lark-cli %s is already up to date", cur),
-			})
-			return nil
+		// Run skills sync before returning — covers the case where the
+		// binary is already current but skills were never synced.
+		// Stamp dedup makes this a no-op if skills are already in sync.
+		// Skip side-effects under --check (pure report path per spec §3.6).
+		var skillsResult *selfupdate.NpmResult
+		if !opts.Check {
+			skillsResult = runSkillsAndStamp(updater, io, cur, opts.Force)
 		}
-		fmt.Fprintf(io.ErrOut, "%s lark-cli %s is already up to date\n", symOK(), cur)
-		return nil
+		return reportAlreadyUpToDate(opts, io, cur, latest, skillsResult, opts.Check)
 	}
 
 	// 4. Detect installation method
@@ -149,7 +157,7 @@ func updateRun(opts *UpdateOptions) error {
 
 	// 6. Execute update
 	if !detect.CanAutoUpdate() {
-		return doManualUpdate(opts, io, cur, latest, detect)
+		return doManualUpdate(opts, io, cur, latest, detect, updater)
 	}
 	return doNpmUpdate(opts, io, cur, latest, updater)
 }
@@ -169,13 +177,24 @@ func reportError(opts *UpdateOptions, io *cmdutil.IOStreams, exitCode int, errTy
 
 func reportCheckResult(opts *UpdateOptions, io *cmdutil.IOStreams, cur, latest string, canAutoUpdate bool) error {
 	if opts.JSON {
-		output.PrintJson(io.Out, map[string]interface{}{
+		out := map[string]interface{}{
 			"ok": true, "previous_version": cur, "current_version": cur,
 			"latest_version": latest, "action": "update_available",
 			"auto_update": canAutoUpdate,
 			"message":     fmt.Sprintf("lark-cli %s %s %s available", cur, symArrow(), latest),
 			"url":         releaseURL(latest), "changelog": changelogURL(),
-		})
+		}
+		// skills_status: pure report, no side effect, no stamp write.
+		// ReadStamp errors are silently swallowed — if we can't read the
+		// stamp we just omit the block rather than fail the --check.
+		if stamp, err := skillscheck.ReadStamp(); err == nil {
+			out["skills_status"] = map[string]interface{}{
+				"current": stamp,
+				"target":  cur,
+				"in_sync": stamp == cur,
+			}
+		}
+		output.PrintJson(io.Out, out)
 		return nil
 	}
 	fmt.Fprintf(io.ErrOut, "Update available: %s %s %s\n", cur, symArrow(), latest)
@@ -189,23 +208,27 @@ func reportCheckResult(opts *UpdateOptions, io *cmdutil.IOStreams, cur, latest s
 	return nil
 }
 
-func doManualUpdate(opts *UpdateOptions, io *cmdutil.IOStreams, cur, latest string, detect selfupdate.DetectResult) error {
+func doManualUpdate(opts *UpdateOptions, io *cmdutil.IOStreams, cur, latest string, detect selfupdate.DetectResult, updater *selfupdate.Updater) error {
+	skillsResult := runSkillsAndStamp(updater, io, cur, opts.Force)
+
 	reason := detect.ManualReason()
 	if opts.JSON {
-		output.PrintJson(io.Out, map[string]interface{}{
+		out := map[string]interface{}{
 			"ok": true, "previous_version": cur, "latest_version": latest,
 			"action":  "manual_required",
 			"message": fmt.Sprintf("Automatic update unavailable: %s (path: %s)", reason, detect.ResolvedPath),
 			"url":     releaseURL(latest), "changelog": changelogURL(),
-		})
+		}
+		applySkillsResult(out, skillsResult)
+		output.PrintJson(io.Out, out)
 		return nil
 	}
 	fmt.Fprintf(io.ErrOut, "Automatic update unavailable: %s (path: %s).\n\n", reason, detect.ResolvedPath)
 	fmt.Fprintf(io.ErrOut, "To update manually, download the latest release:\n")
 	fmt.Fprintf(io.ErrOut, "  Release:   %s\n", releaseURL(latest))
 	fmt.Fprintf(io.ErrOut, "  Changelog: %s\n", changelogURL())
-	fmt.Fprintf(io.ErrOut, "\nOr install via npm:\n  npm install -g %s@%s\n", selfupdate.NpmPackage, latest)
-	fmt.Fprintf(io.ErrOut, "\nAfter updating, also update skills:\n  npx -y skills add larksuite/cli -g -y\n")
+	fmt.Fprintf(io.ErrOut, "\nOr install via npm (note: skills will not be synced):\n  npm install -g %s@%s\n  npx skills add larksuite/cli -y -g   # sync skills separately\n", selfupdate.NpmPackage, latest)
+	emitSkillsTextHints(io, skillsResult)
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -264,8 +287,10 @@ func doNpmUpdate(opts *UpdateOptions, io *cmdutil.IOStreams, cur, latest string,
 		return output.ErrBare(output.ExitAPI)
 	}
 
-	// Skills update (best-effort).
-	skillsResult := updater.RunSkillsUpdate()
+	// Skills update (best-effort) — uses runSkillsAndStamp so the
+	// stamp gets persisted on success and dedup applies if a previous
+	// run already stamped this version.
+	skillsResult := runSkillsAndStamp(updater, io, latest, opts.Force)
 
 	if opts.JSON {
 		result := map[string]interface{}{
@@ -274,28 +299,17 @@ func doNpmUpdate(opts *UpdateOptions, io *cmdutil.IOStreams, cur, latest string,
 			"message": fmt.Sprintf("lark-cli updated from %s to %s", cur, latest),
 			"url":     releaseURL(latest), "changelog": changelogURL(),
 		}
-		if skillsResult.Err != nil {
-			result["skills_warning"] = fmt.Sprintf("skills update failed: %s", skillsResult.Err)
-			if detail := strings.TrimSpace(skillsResult.Stderr.String()); detail != "" {
-				result["skills_detail"] = selfupdate.Truncate(detail, maxNpmOutput)
-			}
-		}
+		applySkillsResult(result, skillsResult)
 		output.PrintJson(io.Out, result)
 		return nil
 	}
 
 	fmt.Fprintf(io.ErrOut, "\n%s Successfully updated lark-cli from %s to %s\n", symOK(), cur, latest)
 	fmt.Fprintf(io.ErrOut, "  Changelog: %s\n", changelogURL())
-	fmt.Fprintf(io.ErrOut, "\nUpdating skills ...\n")
-	if skillsResult.Err != nil {
-		fmt.Fprintf(io.ErrOut, "%s Skills update failed: %s\n", symWarn(), skillsResult.Err)
-		if detail := strings.TrimSpace(skillsResult.Stderr.String()); detail != "" {
-			fmt.Fprintf(io.ErrOut, "  %s\n", selfupdate.Truncate(detail, 500))
-		}
-		fmt.Fprintf(io.ErrOut, "  Run manually: npx -y skills add larksuite/cli -g -y\n")
-	} else {
-		fmt.Fprintf(io.ErrOut, "%s Skills updated\n", symOK())
+	if skillsResult != nil {
+		fmt.Fprintf(io.ErrOut, "\nUpdating skills ...\n")
 	}
+	emitSkillsTextHints(io, skillsResult)
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -310,5 +324,98 @@ func verificationFailureHint(updater *selfupdate.Updater, latest string) string
 	if updater.CanRestorePreviousVersion() {
 		return "the previous version has been restored"
 	}
-	return fmt.Sprintf("automatic rollback is unavailable on this platform; reinstall manually: npm install -g %s@%s, or download %s", selfupdate.NpmPackage, latest, releaseURL(latest))
+	return fmt.Sprintf("automatic rollback is unavailable on this platform; reinstall manually (skills will not be synced): npm install -g %s@%s && npx skills add larksuite/cli -y -g, or download %s", selfupdate.NpmPackage, latest, releaseURL(latest))
+}
+
+// runSkillsAndStamp triggers updater.RunSkillsUpdate and persists the
+// stamp on success. Skips the npx invocation when the stamp already
+// matches stampVersion (unless force is true). The stamp write failure
+// emits a warning to io.ErrOut but does NOT fail the update command —
+// best-effort. ReadStamp errors are swallowed (fail-closed: treated as
+// out-of-sync, so npx re-runs). Returns nil iff skipped due to stamp
+// dedup; otherwise returns the underlying *NpmResult with Err semantics
+// from RunSkillsUpdate.
+func runSkillsAndStamp(updater *selfupdate.Updater, io *cmdutil.IOStreams, stampVersion string, force bool) *selfupdate.NpmResult {
+	if !force {
+		if existing, _ := skillscheck.ReadStamp(); normalizeVersion(existing) == normalizeVersion(stampVersion) {
+			return nil
+		}
+	}
+	r := updater.RunSkillsUpdate()
+	if r.Err == nil {
+		if err := skillscheck.WriteStamp(stampVersion); err != nil {
+			fmt.Fprintf(io.ErrOut, "warning: skills synced but stamp not written: %v\n", err)
+		}
+	}
+	return r
+}
+
+// reportAlreadyUpToDate emits the JSON / pretty output for the
+// already-up-to-date branch, including any skills_action / skills_warning
+// fields derived from skillsResult. When check is true, this is the pure
+// report path (spec §3.6): no side-effects, JSON envelope uses
+// skills_status (spec §4.2) instead of skills_action.
+func reportAlreadyUpToDate(opts *UpdateOptions, io *cmdutil.IOStreams, cur, latest string, skillsResult *selfupdate.NpmResult, check bool) error {
+	if opts.JSON {
+		out := map[string]interface{}{
+			"ok": true, "previous_version": cur, "current_version": cur,
+			"latest_version": latest, "action": "already_up_to_date",
+			"message": fmt.Sprintf("lark-cli %s is already up to date", cur),
+		}
+		if check {
+			// Pure report — read stamp directly, emit skills_status block.
+			// ReadStamp errors are silently swallowed — if we can't read
+			// the stamp we just omit the block rather than fail the --check.
+			if stamp, err := skillscheck.ReadStamp(); err == nil {
+				out["skills_status"] = map[string]interface{}{
+					"current": stamp,
+					"target":  cur,
+					"in_sync": stamp == cur,
+				}
+			}
+		} else {
+			applySkillsResult(out, skillsResult)
+		}
+		output.PrintJson(io.Out, out)
+		return nil
+	}
+	fmt.Fprintf(io.ErrOut, "%s lark-cli %s is already up to date\n", symOK(), cur)
+	if !check {
+		emitSkillsTextHints(io, skillsResult)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// applySkillsResult mutates the JSON envelope to include skills_action
+// (and skills_warning when failed). nil result = "in_sync" (dedup hit).
+func applySkillsResult(env map[string]interface{}, r *selfupdate.NpmResult) {
+	switch {
+	case r == nil:
+		env["skills_action"] = "in_sync"
+	case r.Err != nil:
+		env["skills_action"] = "failed"
+		env["skills_warning"] = fmt.Sprintf("skills update failed: %s", r.Err)
+		if detail := strings.TrimSpace(r.Stderr.String()); detail != "" {
+			env["skills_detail"] = selfupdate.Truncate(detail, maxNpmOutput)
+		}
+	default:
+		env["skills_action"] = "synced"
+	}
+}
+
+// emitSkillsTextHints prints human-readable feedback about the skills
+// sync result for non-JSON output.
+func emitSkillsTextHints(io *cmdutil.IOStreams, r *selfupdate.NpmResult) {
+	switch {
+	case r == nil:
+		// dedup hit — silent (already up to date)
+	case r.Err != nil:
+		fmt.Fprintf(io.ErrOut, "%s Skills update failed: %v\n", symWarn(), r.Err)
+		if detail := strings.TrimSpace(r.Stderr.String()); detail != "" {
+			fmt.Fprintf(io.ErrOut, "  %s\n", selfupdate.Truncate(detail, maxStderrDetail))
+		}
+		fmt.Fprintf(io.ErrOut, "  Run manually: npx -y skills add larksuite/cli -g -y\n")
+	default:
+		fmt.Fprintf(io.ErrOut, "%s Skills updated\n", symOK())
+	}
 }

cmd/update/update_test.go

@@ -5,8 +5,11 @@ package cmdupdate
 
 import (
 	"bytes"
+	"encoding/json"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
 
@@ -14,6 +17,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/output"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/selfupdate"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/skillscheck"
 )
 
 // newTestFactory creates a test factory with minimal config.
@@ -164,6 +168,11 @@ func TestUpdateManual_Human(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestUpdateNpm_JSON(t *testing.T) {
+	// Isolate config dir: this test mocks fetchLatest="2.0.0" and lets
+	// runSkillsAndStamp → WriteStamp succeed, which without isolation would
+	// clobber the real ~/.lark-cli/skills.stamp with "2.0.0".
+	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", t.TempDir())
+
 	f, stdout, _ := newTestFactory(t)
 	cmd := NewCmdUpdate(f)
 	cmd.SetArgs([]string{"--json"})
@@ -191,6 +200,9 @@ func TestUpdateNpm_JSON(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestUpdateNpm_Human(t *testing.T) {
+	// Same isolation as TestUpdateNpm_JSON — see comment there.
+	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", t.TempDir())
+
 	f, _, stderr := newTestFactory(t)
 	cmd := NewCmdUpdate(f)
 	cmd.SetArgs([]string{})
@@ -218,6 +230,9 @@ func TestUpdateNpm_Human(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestUpdateForce_JSON(t *testing.T) {
+	// Same stamp-isolation rationale as TestUpdateNpm_JSON.
+	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", t.TempDir())
+
 	f, stdout, _ := newTestFactory(t)
 	cmd := NewCmdUpdate(f)
 	cmd.SetArgs([]string{"--force", "--json"})
@@ -308,6 +323,9 @@ func TestUpdateInvalidVersion_JSON(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestUpdateDevVersion_JSON(t *testing.T) {
+	// Same stamp-isolation rationale as TestUpdateNpm_JSON.
+	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", t.TempDir())
+
 	f, stdout, _ := newTestFactory(t)
 	cmd := NewCmdUpdate(f)
 	cmd.SetArgs([]string{"--json"})
@@ -463,6 +481,12 @@ func TestUpdateNpmVerifyFail_JSON_NoRestoreHintWhenBackupUnavailable(t *testing.
 	if !strings.Contains(out, "npm install -g @larksuite/cli@2.0.0") {
 		t.Errorf("expected manual reinstall command in hint, got: %s", out)
 	}
+	if !strings.Contains(out, "skills will not be synced") {
+		t.Errorf("expected skills-not-synced warning in rollback hint, got: %s", out)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(out, "npx skills add larksuite/cli -y -g") {
+		t.Errorf("expected npx skills add hint for skills sync, got: %s", out)
+	}
 }
 
 func TestUpdateCheck_JSON_Npm(t *testing.T) {
@@ -625,6 +649,9 @@ func TestPermissionHint(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestUpdateWindows_NpmSuccess_JSON(t *testing.T) {
 	// With the rename trick, Windows npm installs can now auto-update.
+	// Same stamp-isolation rationale as TestUpdateNpm_JSON.
+	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", t.TempDir())
+
 	f, stdout, _ := newTestFactory(t)
 	cmd := NewCmdUpdate(f)
 	cmd.SetArgs([]string{"--json"})
@@ -709,6 +736,7 @@ func TestUpdateWindows_Symbols(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestUpdateNpm_SkillsSuccess_JSON(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", t.TempDir())
 	f, stdout, _ := newTestFactory(t)
 	cmd := NewCmdUpdate(f)
 	cmd.SetArgs([]string{"--json"})
@@ -737,6 +765,7 @@ func TestUpdateNpm_SkillsSuccess_JSON(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestUpdateNpm_SkillsFail_JSON(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", t.TempDir())
 	f, stdout, _ := newTestFactory(t)
 	cmd := NewCmdUpdate(f)
 	cmd.SetArgs([]string{"--json"})
@@ -789,6 +818,7 @@ func TestUpdateNpm_SkillsFail_JSON(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestUpdateNpm_SkillsFail_Human(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", t.TempDir())
 	f, _, stderr := newTestFactory(t)
 	cmd := NewCmdUpdate(f)
 	cmd.SetArgs([]string{})
@@ -836,6 +866,98 @@ func TestUpdateNpm_SkillsFail_Human(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+// newTestIO returns a cmdutil.IOStreams backed by bytes.Buffers, suitable
+// for direct calls to internals like runSkillsAndStamp that write to
+// io.ErrOut.
+func newTestIO() *cmdutil.IOStreams {
+	return cmdutil.NewIOStreams(&bytes.Buffer{}, &bytes.Buffer{}, &bytes.Buffer{})
+}
+
+func TestRunSkillsAndStamp_DedupHit(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", dir)
+	if err := skillscheck.WriteStamp("1.0.21"); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	called := false
+	updater := &selfupdate.Updater{
+		SkillsUpdateOverride: func() *selfupdate.NpmResult {
+			called = true
+			return &selfupdate.NpmResult{}
+		},
+	}
+	got := runSkillsAndStamp(updater, newTestIO(), "1.0.21", false)
+	if got != nil {
+		t.Errorf("runSkillsAndStamp() = %+v, want nil for dedup hit", got)
+	}
+	if called {
+		t.Error("SkillsUpdateOverride called, want skipped due to dedup")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRunSkillsAndStamp_DedupForceBypass(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", dir)
+	if err := skillscheck.WriteStamp("1.0.21"); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	called := false
+	updater := &selfupdate.Updater{
+		SkillsUpdateOverride: func() *selfupdate.NpmResult {
+			called = true
+			return &selfupdate.NpmResult{}
+		},
+	}
+	got := runSkillsAndStamp(updater, newTestIO(), "1.0.21", true)
+	if got == nil {
+		t.Fatal("runSkillsAndStamp(force=true) = nil, want non-nil")
+	}
+	if !called {
+		t.Error("SkillsUpdateOverride not called with force=true")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRunSkillsAndStamp_SuccessWritesStamp(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", dir)
+	updater := &selfupdate.Updater{
+		SkillsUpdateOverride: func() *selfupdate.NpmResult {
+			return &selfupdate.NpmResult{}
+		},
+	}
+	got := runSkillsAndStamp(updater, newTestIO(), "1.0.21", false)
+	if got == nil || got.Err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("runSkillsAndStamp() = %+v, want non-nil with nil Err", got)
+	}
+	stamp, _ := skillscheck.ReadStamp()
+	if stamp != "1.0.21" {
+		t.Errorf("stamp = %q, want \"1.0.21\"", stamp)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRunSkillsAndStamp_FailureKeepsOldStamp(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", dir)
+	if err := skillscheck.WriteStamp("1.0.20"); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	updater := &selfupdate.Updater{
+		SkillsUpdateOverride: func() *selfupdate.NpmResult {
+			r := &selfupdate.NpmResult{}
+			r.Err = fmt.Errorf("npx failed")
+			return r
+		},
+	}
+	got := runSkillsAndStamp(updater, newTestIO(), "1.0.21", false)
+	if got == nil || got.Err == nil {
+		t.Fatalf("runSkillsAndStamp() = %+v, want non-nil with non-nil Err", got)
+	}
+	stamp, _ := skillscheck.ReadStamp()
+	if stamp != "1.0.20" {
+		t.Errorf("stamp = %q, want \"1.0.20\" (failure must not overwrite)", stamp)
+	}
+}
+
 func TestTruncate(t *testing.T) {
 	long := strings.Repeat("x", 3000)
 	got := selfupdate.Truncate(long, 2000)
@@ -849,3 +971,272 @@ func TestTruncate(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Errorf("expected 'hello', got %q", got2)
 	}
 }
+
+func TestUpdateRun_AlreadyLatest_RunsSkillsSync(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", dir)
+
+	origFetch := fetchLatest
+	origCur := currentVersion
+	t.Cleanup(func() { fetchLatest = origFetch; currentVersion = origCur })
+	fetchLatest = func() (string, error) { return "1.0.21", nil }
+	currentVersion = func() string { return "1.0.21" }
+
+	skillsCalled := false
+	origNew := newUpdater
+	t.Cleanup(func() { newUpdater = origNew })
+	newUpdater = func() *selfupdate.Updater {
+		return &selfupdate.Updater{
+			SkillsUpdateOverride: func() *selfupdate.NpmResult {
+				skillsCalled = true
+				return &selfupdate.NpmResult{}
+			},
+		}
+	}
+
+	f, _, _ := newTestFactory(t)
+	opts := &UpdateOptions{Factory: f, JSON: true}
+	if err := updateRun(opts); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("updateRun() err = %v, want nil", err)
+	}
+	if !skillsCalled {
+		t.Error("RunSkillsUpdate not called in already-up-to-date branch (cold stamp), want called")
+	}
+	stamp, _ := skillscheck.ReadStamp()
+	if stamp != "1.0.21" {
+		t.Errorf("stamp = %q, want \"1.0.21\"", stamp)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestUpdateRun_Manual_RunsSkillsSync(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", dir)
+
+	origFetch := fetchLatest
+	origCur := currentVersion
+	t.Cleanup(func() { fetchLatest = origFetch; currentVersion = origCur })
+	fetchLatest = func() (string, error) { return "1.0.22", nil }
+	currentVersion = func() string { return "1.0.21" }
+
+	skillsCalled := false
+	origNew := newUpdater
+	t.Cleanup(func() { newUpdater = origNew })
+	newUpdater = func() *selfupdate.Updater {
+		return &selfupdate.Updater{
+			DetectOverride: func() selfupdate.DetectResult {
+				return selfupdate.DetectResult{
+					Method:       selfupdate.InstallManual,
+					ResolvedPath: "/usr/local/bin/lark-cli",
+				}
+			},
+			SkillsUpdateOverride: func() *selfupdate.NpmResult {
+				skillsCalled = true
+				return &selfupdate.NpmResult{}
+			},
+		}
+	}
+
+	f, _, _ := newTestFactory(t)
+	opts := &UpdateOptions{Factory: f, JSON: true}
+	if err := updateRun(opts); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("updateRun() err = %v, want nil", err)
+	}
+	if !skillsCalled {
+		t.Error("RunSkillsUpdate not called in manual branch, want called")
+	}
+	stamp, _ := skillscheck.ReadStamp()
+	if stamp != "1.0.21" {
+		t.Errorf("stamp = %q, want \"1.0.21\" (manual path stamps cur)", stamp)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestUpdateRun_Npm_RunsSkillsSync_StampsLatest(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", dir)
+
+	origFetch := fetchLatest
+	origCur := currentVersion
+	t.Cleanup(func() { fetchLatest = origFetch; currentVersion = origCur })
+	fetchLatest = func() (string, error) { return "1.0.22", nil }
+	currentVersion = func() string { return "1.0.21" }
+
+	skillsCalled := false
+	origNew := newUpdater
+	t.Cleanup(func() { newUpdater = origNew })
+	newUpdater = func() *selfupdate.Updater {
+		return &selfupdate.Updater{
+			DetectOverride: func() selfupdate.DetectResult {
+				return selfupdate.DetectResult{
+					Method: selfupdate.InstallNpm, NpmAvailable: true,
+					ResolvedPath: "/usr/local/bin/lark-cli",
+				}
+			},
+			NpmInstallOverride: func(version string) *selfupdate.NpmResult {
+				return &selfupdate.NpmResult{}
+			},
+			VerifyOverride: func(expectedVersion string) error { return nil },
+			SkillsUpdateOverride: func() *selfupdate.NpmResult {
+				skillsCalled = true
+				return &selfupdate.NpmResult{}
+			},
+		}
+	}
+
+	f, _, _ := newTestFactory(t)
+	opts := &UpdateOptions{Factory: f, JSON: true}
+	if err := updateRun(opts); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("updateRun() err = %v, want nil", err)
+	}
+	if !skillsCalled {
+		t.Error("RunSkillsUpdate not called in npm branch")
+	}
+	stamp, _ := skillscheck.ReadStamp()
+	if stamp != "1.0.22" {
+		t.Errorf("stamp = %q, want \"1.0.22\" (npm path stamps latest)", stamp)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestUpdateRun_CheckIncludesSkillsStatus(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", dir)
+	if err := skillscheck.WriteStamp("1.0.20"); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	origFetch := fetchLatest
+	origCur := currentVersion
+	t.Cleanup(func() { fetchLatest = origFetch; currentVersion = origCur })
+	fetchLatest = func() (string, error) { return "1.0.22", nil }
+	currentVersion = func() string { return "1.0.21" }
+
+	origNew := newUpdater
+	t.Cleanup(func() { newUpdater = origNew })
+	skillsCalled := false
+	newUpdater = func() *selfupdate.Updater {
+		return &selfupdate.Updater{
+			DetectOverride: func() selfupdate.DetectResult {
+				return selfupdate.DetectResult{Method: selfupdate.InstallNpm, NpmAvailable: true}
+			},
+			SkillsUpdateOverride: func() *selfupdate.NpmResult {
+				skillsCalled = true
+				return &selfupdate.NpmResult{}
+			},
+		}
+	}
+
+	f, stdout, _ := newTestFactory(t)
+	opts := &UpdateOptions{Factory: f, JSON: true, Check: true}
+	if err := updateRun(opts); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("updateRun(--check) err = %v, want nil", err)
+	}
+	if skillsCalled {
+		t.Error("RunSkillsUpdate called under --check, want skipped (pure report)")
+	}
+
+	var env map[string]interface{}
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(stdout.Bytes(), &env); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("json.Unmarshal stdout: %v\nstdout: %s", err, stdout.String())
+	}
+	status, ok := env["skills_status"].(map[string]interface{})
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("skills_status missing or wrong type in --check JSON: %s", stdout.String())
+	}
+	if status["current"] != "1.0.20" || status["target"] != "1.0.21" || status["in_sync"] != false {
+		t.Errorf("skills_status = %+v, want {current:\"1.0.20\", target:\"1.0.21\", in_sync:false}", status)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestUpdateRun_CheckAlreadyLatest_NoSideEffect(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", dir)
+	if err := skillscheck.WriteStamp("1.0.20"); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	origFetch := fetchLatest
+	origCur := currentVersion
+	t.Cleanup(func() { fetchLatest = origFetch; currentVersion = origCur })
+	fetchLatest = func() (string, error) { return "1.0.21", nil }
+	currentVersion = func() string { return "1.0.21" }
+
+	skillsCalled := false
+	origNew := newUpdater
+	t.Cleanup(func() { newUpdater = origNew })
+	newUpdater = func() *selfupdate.Updater {
+		return &selfupdate.Updater{
+			SkillsUpdateOverride: func() *selfupdate.NpmResult {
+				skillsCalled = true
+				return &selfupdate.NpmResult{}
+			},
+		}
+	}
+
+	f, stdout, _ := newTestFactory(t)
+	opts := &UpdateOptions{Factory: f, JSON: true, Check: true}
+	if err := updateRun(opts); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("updateRun(--check, already-latest) err = %v, want nil", err)
+	}
+	if skillsCalled {
+		t.Error("RunSkillsUpdate called under --check (already-latest), want skipped (pure report)")
+	}
+
+	stamp, _ := skillscheck.ReadStamp()
+	if stamp != "1.0.20" {
+		t.Errorf("stamp mutated to %q under --check, want \"1.0.20\" (pure report must not write stamp)", stamp)
+	}
+
+	var env map[string]interface{}
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(stdout.Bytes(), &env); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("json.Unmarshal stdout: %v\n%s", err, stdout.String())
+	}
+	if env["action"] != "already_up_to_date" {
+		t.Errorf("action = %v, want \"already_up_to_date\"", env["action"])
+	}
+	if _, has := env["skills_action"]; has {
+		t.Errorf("skills_action present under --check, want absent: %+v", env)
+	}
+	status, ok := env["skills_status"].(map[string]interface{})
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("skills_status missing under --check + already-latest: %s", stdout.String())
+	}
+	if status["current"] != "1.0.20" || status["target"] != "1.0.21" || status["in_sync"] != false {
+		t.Errorf("skills_status = %+v, want {current:\"1.0.20\", target:\"1.0.21\", in_sync:false}", status)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestRunSkillsAndStamp_StampWriteFailureWarns verifies the stderr warning
+// emission when RunSkillsUpdate succeeds but WriteStamp fails.
+func TestRunSkillsAndStamp_StampWriteFailureWarns(t *testing.T) {
+	// Force WriteStamp to fail by pointing config dir at a path that exists
+	// as a regular file (so MkdirAll fails).
+	tmp := t.TempDir()
+	badPath := filepath.Join(tmp, "blocker")
+	if err := os.WriteFile(badPath, []byte("not-a-dir"), 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", badPath)
+
+	f, _, stderr := newTestFactory(t)
+	updater := &selfupdate.Updater{
+		SkillsUpdateOverride: func() *selfupdate.NpmResult {
+			return &selfupdate.NpmResult{} // success
+		},
+	}
+	got := runSkillsAndStamp(updater, f.IOStreams, "1.0.21", false)
+	if got == nil || got.Err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("runSkillsAndStamp() = %+v, want non-nil with nil Err", got)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(stderr.String(), "warning: skills synced but stamp not written") {
+		t.Errorf("stderr does not contain warning: %q", stderr.String())
+	}
+}
+
+// TestEmitSkillsTextHints_Success verifies the "Skills updated" success
+// message is printed to ErrOut on a successful (Err == nil) result.
+func TestEmitSkillsTextHints_Success(t *testing.T) {
+	f, _, stderr := newTestFactory(t)
+	emitSkillsTextHints(f.IOStreams, &selfupdate.NpmResult{}) // Err==nil → success
+	if !strings.Contains(stderr.String(), "Skills updated") {
+		t.Errorf("stderr does not contain 'Skills updated': %q", stderr.String())
+	}
+}

events/im/message_receive.go

@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package im
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/event"
+	convertlib "github.com/larksuite/cli/shortcuts/im/convert_lib"
+)
+
+// ImMessageReceiveOutput is the flattened shape for im.message.receive_v1; `desc` tags drive the reflected schema.
+type ImMessageReceiveOutput struct {
+	Type        string `json:"type"                   desc:"Event type; always im.message.receive_v1"`
+	EventID     string `json:"event_id,omitempty"     desc:"Globally unique event ID; safe for deduplication"`
+	Timestamp   string `json:"timestamp,omitempty"    desc:"Event delivery time (ms timestamp string); prefers header.create_time"                                                                                                              kind:"timestamp_ms"`
+	ID          string `json:"id,omitempty"           desc:"Message ID (legacy alias of message_id, kept for compatibility)"                                                                                                                     kind:"message_id"`
+	MessageID   string `json:"message_id,omitempty"   desc:"Message ID; prefixed with om_"                                                                                                                                                       kind:"message_id"`
+	CreateTime  string `json:"create_time,omitempty"  desc:"Message creation time (ms timestamp string)"                                                                                                                                         kind:"timestamp_ms"`
+	ChatID      string `json:"chat_id,omitempty"      desc:"Chat/conversation ID; prefixed with oc_"                                                                                                                                             kind:"chat_id"`
+	ChatType    string `json:"chat_type,omitempty"    desc:"Conversation type"                                                                                                                                                                   enum:"p2p,group"`
+	MessageType string `json:"message_type,omitempty" desc:"Message type"`
+	SenderID    string `json:"sender_id,omitempty"    desc:"Sender open_id; prefixed with ou_"                                                                                                                                                   kind:"open_id"`
+	Content     string `json:"content,omitempty"      desc:"Message content. For most types (text/post/image/file/audio, etc.) this is pre-rendered human-readable text. For interactive (cards) it stays as the raw JSON string and callers must fromjson to parse it."`
+}
+
+func processImMessageReceive(_ context.Context, _ event.APIClient, raw *event.RawEvent, _ map[string]string) (json.RawMessage, error) {
+	var envelope struct {
+		Header struct {
+			EventID    string `json:"event_id"`
+			EventType  string `json:"event_type"`
+			CreateTime string `json:"create_time"`
+		} `json:"header"`
+		Event struct {
+			Message struct {
+				MessageID   string        `json:"message_id"`
+				ChatID      string        `json:"chat_id"`
+				ChatType    string        `json:"chat_type"`
+				MessageType string        `json:"message_type"`
+				Content     string        `json:"content"`
+				CreateTime  string        `json:"create_time"`
+				Mentions    []interface{} `json:"mentions"`
+			} `json:"message"`
+			Sender struct {
+				SenderID struct {
+					OpenID string `json:"open_id"`
+				} `json:"sender_id"`
+			} `json:"sender"`
+		} `json:"event"`
+	}
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(raw.Payload, &envelope); err != nil {
+		return raw.Payload, nil //nolint:nilerr // passthrough on malformed payload so consumers still see the event
+	}
+
+	msg := envelope.Event.Message
+	content := msg.Content
+	if msg.MessageType != "interactive" {
+		content = convertlib.ConvertBodyContent(msg.MessageType, &convertlib.ConvertContext{
+			RawContent: msg.Content,
+			MentionMap: convertlib.BuildMentionKeyMap(msg.Mentions),
+		})
+	}
+
+	timestamp := envelope.Header.CreateTime
+	if timestamp == "" {
+		timestamp = msg.CreateTime
+	}
+
+	out := &ImMessageReceiveOutput{
+		Type:        envelope.Header.EventType,
+		EventID:     envelope.Header.EventID,
+		Timestamp:   timestamp,
+		ID:          msg.MessageID,
+		MessageID:   msg.MessageID,
+		CreateTime:  msg.CreateTime,
+		ChatID:      msg.ChatID,
+		ChatType:    msg.ChatType,
+		MessageType: msg.MessageType,
+		SenderID:    envelope.Event.Sender.SenderID.OpenID,
+		Content:     content,
+	}
+	return json.Marshal(out)
+}

events/im/message_receive_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,190 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package im
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"os"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/event"
+)
+
+func TestMain(m *testing.M) {
+	for _, k := range Keys() {
+		event.RegisterKey(k)
+	}
+	os.Exit(m.Run())
+}
+
+func TestIMKeys_ProcessedReceiveRegistered(t *testing.T) {
+	def, ok := event.Lookup("im.message.receive_v1")
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatal("im.message.receive_v1 should be registered via Keys()")
+	}
+	if def.Schema.Custom == nil {
+		t.Error("Processed key must set Schema.Custom")
+	}
+	if def.Schema.Native != nil {
+		t.Error("Processed key must not set Schema.Native")
+	}
+	if def.Process == nil {
+		t.Error("Process must not be nil for Processed key")
+	}
+	if len(def.Scopes) == 0 {
+		t.Error("Scopes must not be empty — preflightScopes would bypass validation")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestIMKeys_NativeEventsRegistered(t *testing.T) {
+	want := []string{
+		"im.message.message_read_v1",
+		"im.message.reaction.created_v1",
+		"im.message.reaction.deleted_v1",
+		"im.chat.member.bot.added_v1",
+		"im.chat.member.bot.deleted_v1",
+		"im.chat.member.user.added_v1",
+		"im.chat.member.user.withdrawn_v1",
+		"im.chat.member.user.deleted_v1",
+		"im.chat.updated_v1",
+		"im.chat.disbanded_v1",
+	}
+	for _, k := range want {
+		def, ok := event.Lookup(k)
+		if !ok {
+			t.Errorf("%s should be registered via Keys()", k)
+			continue
+		}
+		if def.Schema.Native == nil {
+			t.Errorf("%s: Schema.Native must be set for native key", k)
+		}
+		if def.Schema.Custom != nil {
+			t.Errorf("%s: Native key must not set Schema.Custom", k)
+		}
+		if def.Process != nil {
+			t.Errorf("%s: Native key must not set Process", k)
+		}
+		if def.Schema.Native != nil && def.Schema.Native.Type == nil {
+			t.Errorf("%s: Schema.Native.Type must reference an SDK type", k)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestProcessImMessageReceive_Text(t *testing.T) {
+	payload := `{
+		"schema": "2.0",
+		"header": {
+			"event_id": "ev_test_text",
+			"event_type": "im.message.receive_v1",
+			"create_time": "1776409469273",
+			"app_id": "cli_test"
+		},
+		"event": {
+			"sender": {
+				"sender_id": {"open_id": "ou_sender"}
+			},
+			"message": {
+				"message_id":   "om_text_001",
+				"chat_id":      "oc_chat",
+				"chat_type":    "p2p",
+				"message_type": "text",
+				"create_time":  "1776409468987",
+				"content":      "{\"text\":\"hello there\"}"
+			}
+		}
+	}`
+	out := runReceive(t, payload)
+
+	if out.Type != "im.message.receive_v1" {
+		t.Errorf("Type = %q", out.Type)
+	}
+	if out.MessageID != "om_text_001" || out.ID != "om_text_001" {
+		t.Errorf("MessageID/ID = %q/%q", out.MessageID, out.ID)
+	}
+	if out.ChatType != "p2p" || out.ChatID != "oc_chat" {
+		t.Errorf("chat_id/chat_type = %q/%q", out.ChatID, out.ChatType)
+	}
+	if out.SenderID != "ou_sender" {
+		t.Errorf("SenderID = %q", out.SenderID)
+	}
+	if out.Content != "hello there" {
+		t.Errorf("Content = %q, want \"hello there\"", out.Content)
+	}
+	if out.Timestamp != "1776409469273" {
+		t.Errorf("Timestamp = %q", out.Timestamp)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestProcessImMessageReceive_Interactive(t *testing.T) {
+	payload := `{
+		"schema": "2.0",
+		"header": {
+			"event_id": "ev_test_card",
+			"event_type": "im.message.receive_v1",
+			"create_time": "1776409469274",
+			"app_id": "cli_test"
+		},
+		"event": {
+			"sender": {
+				"sender_id": {"open_id": "ou_sender"}
+			},
+			"message": {
+				"message_id":   "om_card_001",
+				"chat_id":      "oc_chat",
+				"chat_type":    "group",
+				"message_type": "interactive",
+				"create_time":  "1776409468987",
+				"content":      "{\"header\":{\"title\":{\"tag\":\"plain_text\",\"content\":\"A card\"}}}"
+			}
+		}
+	}`
+	out := runReceive(t, payload)
+
+	if out.Type != "im.message.receive_v1" {
+		t.Errorf("Type = %q", out.Type)
+	}
+	if out.MessageType != "interactive" {
+		t.Errorf("MessageType = %q", out.MessageType)
+	}
+	if out.ChatType != "group" {
+		t.Errorf("ChatType = %q", out.ChatType)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestProcessImMessageReceive_MalformedPayload(t *testing.T) {
+	raw := &event.RawEvent{
+		EventID:   "ev_bad",
+		EventType: "im.message.receive_v1",
+		Payload:   json.RawMessage(`not json`),
+		Timestamp: time.Now(),
+	}
+	got, err := processImMessageReceive(context.Background(), nil, raw, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Process should swallow parse errors, got %v", err)
+	}
+	if string(got) != "not json" {
+		t.Errorf("malformed fallback output = %q, want original bytes", string(got))
+	}
+}
+
+func runReceive(t *testing.T, payload string) ImMessageReceiveOutput {
+	t.Helper()
+	raw := &event.RawEvent{
+		EventID:   "ev_test",
+		EventType: "im.message.receive_v1",
+		Payload:   json.RawMessage(payload),
+		Timestamp: time.Now(),
+	}
+	got, err := processImMessageReceive(context.Background(), nil, raw, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Process error: %v", err)
+	}
+	var out ImMessageReceiveOutput
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(got, &out); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Process output is not valid ImMessageReceiveOutput JSON: %v\nraw=%s", err, string(got))
+	}
+	return out
+}

events/im/native.go

@@ -0,0 +1,184 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package im
+
+import (
+	"reflect"
+
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/event/schemas"
+	larkim "github.com/larksuite/oapi-sdk-go/v3/service/im/v1"
+)
+
+// nativeIMKey curates metadata for a Native IM event; fieldOverrides paths are JSON Pointer anchored at the V2-wrapped schema (start with /event/...).
+type nativeIMKey struct {
+	key            string
+	title          string
+	description    string
+	scopes         []string
+	bodyType       reflect.Type
+	fieldOverrides map[string]schemas.FieldMeta
+}
+
+// userIDOv returns open_id/union_id/user_id overrides for a UserID object at prefix.
+func userIDOv(prefix string) map[string]schemas.FieldMeta {
+	return map[string]schemas.FieldMeta{
+		prefix + "/open_id":  {Kind: "open_id"},
+		prefix + "/union_id": {Kind: "union_id"},
+		prefix + "/user_id":  {Kind: "user_id"},
+	}
+}
+
+// mergeOv merges FieldMeta maps left-to-right (later wins).
+func mergeOv(ms ...map[string]schemas.FieldMeta) map[string]schemas.FieldMeta {
+	out := map[string]schemas.FieldMeta{}
+	for _, m := range ms {
+		for k, v := range m {
+			out[k] = v
+		}
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+var nativeIMKeys = []nativeIMKey{
+	{
+		key:         "im.message.message_read_v1",
+		title:       "Message read",
+		description: "Triggered after a user reads a P2P message sent by the bot",
+		scopes:      []string{"im:message:readonly", "im:message"},
+		bodyType:    reflect.TypeOf(larkim.P2MessageReadV1Data{}),
+		fieldOverrides: mergeOv(
+			userIDOv("/event/reader/reader_id"),
+			map[string]schemas.FieldMeta{
+				"/event/reader/read_time":  {Kind: "timestamp_ms"},
+				"/event/message_id_list/*": {Kind: "message_id"},
+			},
+		),
+	},
+	{
+		key:         "im.message.reaction.created_v1",
+		title:       "Reaction added",
+		description: "Triggered when a reaction is added to a message",
+		scopes:      []string{"im:message:readonly", "im:message.reactions:read"},
+		bodyType:    reflect.TypeOf(larkim.P2MessageReactionCreatedV1Data{}),
+		fieldOverrides: mergeOv(
+			userIDOv("/event/user_id"),
+			map[string]schemas.FieldMeta{
+				"/event/message_id":  {Kind: "message_id"},
+				"/event/action_time": {Kind: "timestamp_ms"},
+			},
+		),
+	},
+	{
+		key:         "im.message.reaction.deleted_v1",
+		title:       "Reaction removed",
+		description: "Triggered when a reaction is removed from a message",
+		scopes:      []string{"im:message:readonly", "im:message.reactions:read"},
+		bodyType:    reflect.TypeOf(larkim.P2MessageReactionDeletedV1Data{}),
+		fieldOverrides: mergeOv(
+			userIDOv("/event/user_id"),
+			map[string]schemas.FieldMeta{
+				"/event/message_id":  {Kind: "message_id"},
+				"/event/action_time": {Kind: "timestamp_ms"},
+			},
+		),
+	},
+	{
+		key:         "im.chat.member.bot.added_v1",
+		title:       "Bot added to chat",
+		description: "Triggered when the bot is added to a chat",
+		scopes:      []string{"im:chat.members:bot_access"},
+		bodyType:    reflect.TypeOf(larkim.P2ChatMemberBotAddedV1Data{}),
+		fieldOverrides: mergeOv(
+			userIDOv("/event/operator_id"),
+			map[string]schemas.FieldMeta{
+				"/event/chat_id": {Kind: "chat_id"},
+			},
+		),
+	},
+	{
+		key:         "im.chat.member.bot.deleted_v1",
+		title:       "Bot removed from chat",
+		description: "Triggered after the bot is removed from a chat",
+		scopes:      []string{"im:chat.members:bot_access"},
+		bodyType:    reflect.TypeOf(larkim.P2ChatMemberBotDeletedV1Data{}),
+		fieldOverrides: mergeOv(
+			userIDOv("/event/operator_id"),
+			map[string]schemas.FieldMeta{
+				"/event/chat_id": {Kind: "chat_id"},
+			},
+		),
+	},
+	{
+		key:         "im.chat.member.user.added_v1",
+		title:       "User added to chat",
+		description: "Triggered when a new user joins a chat (including topic chats)",
+		scopes:      []string{"im:chat.members:read"},
+		bodyType:    reflect.TypeOf(larkim.P2ChatMemberUserAddedV1Data{}),
+		fieldOverrides: mergeOv(
+			userIDOv("/event/operator_id"),
+			userIDOv("/event/users/*/user_id"),
+			map[string]schemas.FieldMeta{
+				"/event/chat_id": {Kind: "chat_id"},
+			},
+		),
+	},
+	{
+		key:         "im.chat.member.user.withdrawn_v1",
+		title:       "User invite withdrawn",
+		description: "Triggered after a pending user invite is withdrawn",
+		scopes:      []string{"im:chat.members:read"},
+		bodyType:    reflect.TypeOf(larkim.P2ChatMemberUserWithdrawnV1Data{}),
+		fieldOverrides: mergeOv(
+			userIDOv("/event/operator_id"),
+			userIDOv("/event/users/*/user_id"),
+			map[string]schemas.FieldMeta{
+				"/event/chat_id": {Kind: "chat_id"},
+			},
+		),
+	},
+	{
+		key:         "im.chat.member.user.deleted_v1",
+		title:       "User left chat",
+		description: "Triggered when a user leaves or is removed from a chat",
+		scopes:      []string{"im:chat.members:read"},
+		bodyType:    reflect.TypeOf(larkim.P2ChatMemberUserDeletedV1Data{}),
+		fieldOverrides: mergeOv(
+			userIDOv("/event/operator_id"),
+			userIDOv("/event/users/*/user_id"),
+			map[string]schemas.FieldMeta{
+				"/event/chat_id": {Kind: "chat_id"},
+			},
+		),
+	},
+	{
+		key:         "im.chat.updated_v1",
+		title:       "Chat updated",
+		description: "Triggered after chat settings (owner, avatar, name, permissions, etc.) are updated",
+		scopes:      []string{"im:chat:read"},
+		bodyType:    reflect.TypeOf(larkim.P2ChatUpdatedV1Data{}),
+		fieldOverrides: mergeOv(
+			userIDOv("/event/operator_id"),
+			userIDOv("/event/before_change/owner_id"),
+			userIDOv("/event/after_change/owner_id"),
+			userIDOv("/event/moderator_list/added_member_list/*/user_id"),
+			userIDOv("/event/moderator_list/removed_member_list/*/user_id"),
+			map[string]schemas.FieldMeta{
+				"/event/chat_id": {Kind: "chat_id"},
+			},
+		),
+	},
+	{
+		key:         "im.chat.disbanded_v1",
+		title:       "Chat disbanded",
+		description: "Triggered after a chat is disbanded",
+		scopes:      []string{"im:chat:read"},
+		bodyType:    reflect.TypeOf(larkim.P2ChatDisbandedV1Data{}),
+		fieldOverrides: mergeOv(
+			userIDOv("/event/operator_id"),
+			map[string]schemas.FieldMeta{
+				"/event/chat_id": {Kind: "chat_id"},
+			},
+		),
+	},
+}

events/im/register.go

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+// Package im registers IM-domain EventKeys.
+package im
+
+import (
+	"reflect"
+
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/event"
+)
+
+// Keys returns all IM-domain EventKey definitions.
+func Keys() []event.KeyDefinition {
+	out := []event.KeyDefinition{
+		{
+			Key:         "im.message.receive_v1",
+			DisplayName: "Receive message",
+			Description: "Receive IM messages",
+			EventType:   "im.message.receive_v1",
+			Schema: event.SchemaDef{
+				Custom: &event.SchemaSpec{Type: reflect.TypeOf(ImMessageReceiveOutput{})},
+			},
+			Process: processImMessageReceive,
+			// Narrowest grant; kept single-element since MissingScopes uses AND semantics.
+			Scopes:                []string{"im:message.p2p_msg:readonly"},
+			AuthTypes:             []string{"bot"},
+			RequiredConsoleEvents: []string{"im.message.receive_v1"},
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, rk := range nativeIMKeys {
+		out = append(out, event.KeyDefinition{
+			Key:         rk.key,
+			DisplayName: rk.title,
+			Description: rk.description,
+			EventType:   rk.key,
+			Schema: event.SchemaDef{
+				Native:         &event.SchemaSpec{Type: rk.bodyType},
+				FieldOverrides: rk.fieldOverrides,
+			},
+			Scopes:                rk.scopes,
+			AuthTypes:             []string{"bot"},
+			RequiredConsoleEvents: []string{rk.key},
+		})
+	}
+
+	return out
+}

events/lint_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package events
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"reflect"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/event"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/event/schemas"
+)
+
+func TestAllKeys_FieldOverridePointersResolve(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, def := range event.ListAll() {
+		if len(def.Schema.FieldOverrides) == 0 {
+			continue
+		}
+		raw := renderDefSchemaForLint(t, def)
+		if raw == nil {
+			t.Errorf("%s: FieldOverrides set but Schema has no Native/Custom spec", def.Key)
+			continue
+		}
+		var parsed map[string]interface{}
+		if err := json.Unmarshal(raw, &parsed); err != nil {
+			t.Errorf("%s: parse schema: %v", def.Key, err)
+			continue
+		}
+		orphans := schemas.ApplyFieldOverrides(parsed, def.Schema.FieldOverrides)
+		if len(orphans) > 0 {
+			t.Errorf("%s: orphan FieldOverrides paths (typo or SDK drift): %v", def.Key, orphans)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func renderDefSchemaForLint(t *testing.T, def *event.KeyDefinition) json.RawMessage {
+	t.Helper()
+	spec, isNative := pickSpec(def.Schema)
+	if spec == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	raw := renderSpec(t, spec)
+	if raw == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	if isNative {
+		raw = schemas.WrapV2Envelope(raw)
+	}
+	return raw
+}
+
+func pickSpec(s event.SchemaDef) (*event.SchemaSpec, bool) {
+	if s.Native != nil {
+		return s.Native, true
+	}
+	if s.Custom != nil {
+		return s.Custom, false
+	}
+	return nil, false
+}
+
+func renderSpec(t *testing.T, s *event.SchemaSpec) json.RawMessage {
+	t.Helper()
+	if s.Type != nil {
+		return schemas.FromType(s.Type)
+	}
+	if len(s.Raw) > 0 {
+		return append(json.RawMessage{}, s.Raw...)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Proves the pipeline catches orphan FieldOverrides paths, so TestAllKeys_FieldOverridePointersResolve isn't vacuous.
+func TestOrphanDetectionMechanism(t *testing.T) {
+	type synthetic struct {
+		ValidField string `json:"valid_field"`
+	}
+	spec := &event.SchemaSpec{Type: reflect.TypeOf(synthetic{})}
+	raw := renderSpec(t, spec)
+	if raw == nil {
+		t.Fatal("renderSpec returned nil for synthetic type")
+	}
+	var parsed map[string]interface{}
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(raw, &parsed); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unmarshal: %v", err)
+	}
+	overrides := map[string]schemas.FieldMeta{
+		"/valid_field":   {Kind: "open_id"},
+		"/broken_typo":   {Kind: "chat_id"},
+		"/valid_field/x": {Kind: "email"},
+	}
+	orphans := schemas.ApplyFieldOverrides(parsed, overrides)
+	wantOrphans := map[string]bool{"/broken_typo": true, "/valid_field/x": true}
+	if len(orphans) != len(wantOrphans) {
+		t.Fatalf("orphans = %v, want exactly %v", orphans, wantOrphans)
+	}
+	for _, o := range orphans {
+		if !wantOrphans[o] {
+			t.Errorf("unexpected orphan %q", o)
+		}
+	}
+	vf := parsed["properties"].(map[string]interface{})["valid_field"].(map[string]interface{})
+	if vf["format"] != "open_id" {
+		t.Errorf("valid path not applied: %v", vf)
+	}
+}

events/register.go

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+// Package events wires domain EventKey definitions into the global registry. Blank-import to populate.
+package events
+
+import (
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/events/im"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/event"
+)
+
+// Mail is intentionally omitted: only IM is wired up this phase.
+func init() {
+	all := [][]event.KeyDefinition{
+		im.Keys(),
+	}
+	for _, keys := range all {
+		for _, k := range keys {
+			event.RegisterKey(k)
+		}
+	}
+}