fix: satisfy deterministic gate

build: update github.com/google/certtostore and remove unused deps
refactor: simplify keyless signer flows
2026-08-03 08:32:46 +08:00 · 2026-07-13 21:51:03 +08:00 · 2026-07-11 18:38:40 +08:00 · 2026-07-11 18:19:30 +08:00 · 2026-07-11 17:35:51 +08:00 · 2026-07-11 17:28:43 +08:00
1157 changed files with 16083 additions and 96949 deletions
--- a/.github/CODEOWNERS
+++ b/.github/CODEOWNERS
@@ -1,7 +1,4 @@
-/go.mod @liangshuo-1
-/go.sum @liangshuo-1
 /internal/ @liangshuo-1
-/shortcuts/common/ @liangshuo-1

 # Last match wins: existing domains below are exempt, only new skills/ entries need review.
 /skills/ @liangshuo-1
--- a/.github/workflows/arch-audit.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/arch-audit.yml
@@ -62,6 +62,19 @@ jobs:
          go list -m -u all 2>/dev/null | grep '\[' >> report.md || echo "All dependencies up to date" >> report.md
          echo '```' >> report.md

+      - name: Circular dependency check
+        run: |
+          echo "## Circular Dependencies" >> report.md
+          go list -f '{{.ImportPath}} {{join .Imports " "}}' ./... | \
+            go run golang.org/x/tools/cmd/digraph@v0.31.0 scc 2>&1 | tee cycles.txt
+          if [ -s cycles.txt ]; then
+            echo '```' >> report.md
+            cat cycles.txt >> report.md
+            echo '```' >> report.md
+          else
+            echo "No circular dependencies detected." >> report.md
+          fi
+
      - name: E2E coverage gaps
        run: |
          echo "## E2E Coverage Gaps" >> report.md
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 name: CI
-run-name: ${{ github.event_name == 'pull_request' && format('CI / {0}', github.event.pull_request.number) || '' }}

 on:
  push:
@@ -9,12 +8,6 @@ on:
    types: [opened, synchronize, reopened, edited]
  workflow_dispatch:

-# PR metadata edits can retrigger full CI for the same head. Keep only the
-# newest run for a pull request; push and manual runs use a unique run ID.
-concurrency:
-  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.event.pull_request.number || github.run_id }}
-  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.event_name == 'pull_request' }}
-
 permissions:
  contents: read
  actions: read
@@ -54,34 +47,6 @@ jobs:
            exit 1
          fi

-  plugin-integration:
-    needs: fast-gate
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@93cb6efe18208431cddfb8368fd83d5badbf9bfd # v5
-        with:
-          persist-credentials: false
-      - uses: actions/setup-go@4a3601121dd01d1626a1e23e37211e3254c1c06c # v6
-        with:
-          go-version-file: go.mod
-      # No fetch_meta: the git-archive clean tree must embed only the
-      # committed meta_data stub (reproduces the bare-module customer state).
-      - name: Run plugin-integration L4 tests
-        run: go test -count=1 -timeout=15m ./tests/plugin_e2e/...
-
-  sidecar-integration:
-    needs: fast-gate
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@93cb6efe18208431cddfb8368fd83d5badbf9bfd # v5
-        with:
-          persist-credentials: false
-      - uses: actions/setup-go@4a3601121dd01d1626a1e23e37211e3254c1c06c # v6
-        with:
-          go-version-file: go.mod
-      - name: Run sidecar tag build + HMAC round-trip
-        run: make sidecar-test
-
  # ── Layer 2: Quality Gate ──────────────────────────────────────────
  unit-test:
    needs: fast-gate
@@ -119,14 +84,10 @@ jobs:
        env:
          QUALITY_GATE_CHANGED_FROM: ${{ github.event.pull_request.base.sha || github.event.before || 'origin/main' }}
        run: echo "QUALITY_GATE_CHANGED_FROM=$(bash scripts/resolve-changed-from.sh)" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
-      - name: Enforce layering ratchet
-        run: bash scripts/check-layering-ratchet.sh "$QUALITY_GATE_CHANGED_FROM"
      - name: Run golangci-lint
        run: go run github.com/golangci/golangci-lint/v2/cmd/golangci-lint@v2.1.6 run --new-from-rev="$QUALITY_GATE_CHANGED_FROM"
-      - name: Run source-contract lint guards (lintcheck)
+      - name: Run errs/ lint guards (lintcheck)
        run: go run -C lint . --changed-from "$QUALITY_GATE_CHANGED_FROM" ..
-      - name: Run lint module tests
-        run: go test -C lint ./... -count=1

  script-test:
    needs: fast-gate
@@ -213,11 +174,7 @@ jobs:
        run: python3 scripts/fetch_meta.py
      - name: Run tests with coverage
        run: |
-          # tests/ holds only L3/L4 suites (cli_e2e, plugin_e2e, sidecar_e2e) that
-          # have dedicated jobs; exclude the whole subtree so none of them runs a
-          # second time here — and, crucially, so an observe-only suite's failure
-          # can never block merges through coverage's spot in the results loop.
-          packages=$(go list ./... | grep -v '^github.com/larksuite/cli/tests/')
+          packages=$(go list ./... | grep -v '^github.com/larksuite/cli/tests/cli_e2e$' | grep -v '^github.com/larksuite/cli/tests/cli_e2e/')
          go test -race -coverprofile=coverage.txt -covermode=atomic $packages
      - name: Upload coverage to Codecov
        if: ${{ github.event_name != 'pull_request' || !github.event.pull_request.head.repo.fork }}
@@ -304,11 +261,6 @@ jobs:
  e2e-dry-run:
    needs: [unit-test, lint, script-test, deterministic-gate]
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    timeout-minutes: 20
-    outputs:
-      mode: ${{ steps.e2e_domains.outputs.mode }}
-      reason: ${{ steps.e2e_domains.outputs.reason }}
-      live_packages: ${{ steps.e2e_domains.outputs.live_packages }}
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@93cb6efe18208431cddfb8368fd83d5badbf9bfd # v5
        with:
@@ -322,23 +274,6 @@ jobs:
      - name: Resolve CLI E2E domains
        id: e2e_domains
        run: node scripts/e2e_domains.js
-      - name: Validate CLI E2E domain outputs
-        env:
-          E2E_MODE: ${{ steps.e2e_domains.outputs.mode }}
-          E2E_LIVE_PACKAGES: ${{ steps.e2e_domains.outputs.live_packages }}
-        run: |
-          case "$E2E_MODE" in
-            skip)
-              [ -z "$E2E_LIVE_PACKAGES" ] || { echo "::error::Skip mode must not resolve live packages"; exit 1; }
-              ;;
-            full|subset)
-              [ -n "$E2E_LIVE_PACKAGES" ] || { echo "::error::No live packages resolved for mode $E2E_MODE"; exit 1; }
-              ;;
-            *)
-              echo "::error::Invalid CLI E2E mode: $E2E_MODE"
-              exit 1
-              ;;
-          esac
      - name: Build lark-cli
        if: ${{ steps.e2e_domains.outputs.mode != 'skip' }}
        run: make build
@@ -372,22 +307,16 @@ jobs:
          fi

  e2e-live:
-    needs: [unit-test, lint, script-test, deterministic-gate, e2e-dry-run]
-    if: ${{ always() && (github.event_name != 'pull_request' || !github.event.pull_request.head.repo.fork) && needs.unit-test.result == 'success' && needs.lint.result == 'success' && needs.script-test.result == 'success' && needs.deterministic-gate.result == 'success' && needs.e2e-dry-run.result == 'success' && (needs.e2e-dry-run.outputs.mode == 'full' || needs.e2e-dry-run.outputs.mode == 'subset') && needs.e2e-dry-run.outputs.live_packages != '' }}
+    needs: [unit-test, lint, script-test, deterministic-gate]
+    if: ${{ github.event_name != 'pull_request' || !github.event.pull_request.head.repo.fork }}
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    timeout-minutes: 30
-    # Live E2E uses one repository-wide execution slot.
-    concurrency:
-      group: lark-cli-e2e-live
-      cancel-in-progress: false
-      queue: max
    permissions:
-      actions: read
      contents: read
      checks: write
    env:
      TEST_BOT1_APP_ID: ${{ secrets.TEST_BOT1_APP_ID }}
-      LARKSUITE_CLI_BRAND: feishu
+      TEST_BOT1_APP_SECRET: ${{ secrets.TEST_BOT1_APP_SECRET }}
+      TEST_USER_ACCESS_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.TEST_USER_ACCESS_TOKEN }}
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@93cb6efe18208431cddfb8368fd83d5badbf9bfd # v5
        with:
@@ -398,68 +327,31 @@ jobs:
      - uses: actions/setup-python@a309ff8b426b58ec0e2a45f0f869d46889d02405 # v6
        with:
          python-version: '3.x'
+      - name: Resolve CLI E2E domains
+        id: e2e_domains
+        run: node scripts/e2e_domains.js
      - name: Build lark-cli
-        id: build_cli
+        if: ${{ steps.e2e_domains.outputs.mode != 'skip' }}
        run: make build
-      - name: Prepare shared live E2E tenant token
-        id: live_e2e_tat
-        env:
-          LARKSUITE_CLI_APP_ID: ${{ secrets.TEST_BOT1_APP_ID }}
-          TEST_BOT1_APP_SECRET: ${{ secrets.TEST_BOT1_APP_SECRET }}
-        run: node scripts/fetch_e2e_tat.js
-      - name: Run CLI E2E tests
-        # Keep an active Go test alive so t.Cleanup can finish. A queued stale
-        # run is rejected below before it can start live E2E.
-        if: ${{ always() && steps.build_cli.outcome == 'success' && steps.live_e2e_tat.outcome == 'success' }}
-        shell: bash
-        env:
-          GH_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
-          REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
-          EVENT_NAME: ${{ github.event_name }}
-          RUN_ID: ${{ github.run_id }}
-          RUN_NUMBER: ${{ github.run_number }}
-          RUN_GENERATION: ${{ github.event_name == 'pull_request' && format('CI / {0}', github.event.pull_request.number) || '' }}
-          LARK_CLI_BIN: ${{ github.workspace }}/lark-cli
-          E2E_MODE: ${{ needs.e2e-dry-run.outputs.mode }}
-          E2E_REASON: ${{ needs.e2e-dry-run.outputs.reason }}
-          E2E_LIVE_PACKAGES: ${{ needs.e2e-dry-run.outputs.live_packages }}
-          E2E_TENANT_AUTH_FILE: ${{ steps.live_e2e_tat.outputs.path }}
-          TEST_USER_ACCESS_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.TEST_USER_ACCESS_TOKEN }}
+      - name: Configure bot credentials
+        if: ${{ steps.e2e_domains.outputs.mode != 'skip' }}
        run: |
-          if [ "$EVENT_NAME" = "pull_request" ]; then
-            workflow_id="$(gh api "repos/$REPOSITORY/actions/runs/$RUN_ID" --jq '.workflow_id')"
-            newer_runs="$(
-              gh api --paginate -X GET "repos/$REPOSITORY/actions/workflows/$workflow_id/runs" \
-                -f event=pull_request -f branch="$GITHUB_HEAD_REF" -f per_page=100 |
-                jq -r --arg repository "$REPOSITORY" --arg generation "$RUN_GENERATION" --argjson run_number "$RUN_NUMBER" \
-                  '.workflow_runs[] | select(.head_repository.full_name == $repository and .display_title == $generation and .run_number > $run_number) | .id'
-            )"
-            if [ -n "$newer_runs" ]; then
-              echo "::error::Superseded before live E2E started by newer workflow run(s): $newer_runs"
-              exit 1
-            fi
-          fi
-          if [ -z "${E2E_TENANT_AUTH_FILE:-}" ] || [ ! -f "$E2E_TENANT_AUTH_FILE" ]; then
-            echo "::error::Missing shared live E2E tenant token file"
+          if [ -z "$TEST_BOT1_APP_ID" ] || [ -z "$TEST_BOT1_APP_SECRET" ]; then
+            echo "::error::Missing required secrets: TEST_BOT1_APP_ID / TEST_BOT1_APP_SECRET"
            exit 1
          fi
-          export TEST_TENANT_ACCESS_TOKEN="$(cat "$E2E_TENANT_AUTH_FILE")"
-          rm -f "$E2E_TENANT_AUTH_FILE"
-          if ! LARKSUITE_CLI_APP_ID="$TEST_BOT1_APP_ID" \
-            LARKSUITE_CLI_TENANT_ACCESS_TOKEN="$TEST_TENANT_ACCESS_TOKEN" \
-            ./lark-cli whoami --as bot | node -e '
-            let input = "";
-            process.stdin.setEncoding("utf8");
-            process.stdin.on("data", (chunk) => { input += chunk; });
-            process.stdin.on("end", () => {
-              const result = JSON.parse(input);
-              if (result.identity !== "bot" || result.available !== true || result.tokenStatus !== "ready") process.exit(1);
-            });
-          '; then
-            echo "::error::Tenant credential preflight failed"
-            exit 1
+          printf '%s\n' "$TEST_BOT1_APP_SECRET" | ./lark-cli config init --app-id "$TEST_BOT1_APP_ID" --app-secret-stdin
+      - name: Run CLI E2E tests
+        env:
+          LARK_CLI_BIN: ${{ github.workspace }}/lark-cli
+          E2E_MODE: ${{ steps.e2e_domains.outputs.mode }}
+          E2E_REASON: ${{ steps.e2e_domains.outputs.reason }}
+          E2E_LIVE_PACKAGES: ${{ steps.e2e_domains.outputs.live_packages }}
+        run: |
+          if [ "$E2E_MODE" = "skip" ]; then
+            echo "No live CLI E2E needed: $E2E_REASON"
+            exit 0
          fi
-          echo "Tenant credential preflight succeeded"
          packages="$E2E_LIVE_PACKAGES"
          if [ -z "$packages" ]; then
            echo "::error::No live CLI E2E packages resolved for mode $E2E_MODE"
@@ -469,7 +361,7 @@ jobs:
          echo "Live CLI E2E packages: $packages"
          go run gotest.tools/gotestsum@v1.12.3 --rerun-fails=2 --rerun-fails-max-failures=20 --packages="$packages" --format testname --junitfile cli-e2e-report.xml -- -count=1 -v
      - name: Publish CLI E2E test report
-        if: ${{ !cancelled() }}
+        if: ${{ !cancelled() && steps.e2e_domains.outputs.mode != 'skip' }}
        uses: dorny/test-reporter@a43b3a5f7366b97d083190328d2c652e1a8b6aa2 # v3.0.0
        with:
          name: CLI E2E Tests
@@ -522,7 +414,7 @@ jobs:
  # ── Results Gate (single required check for branch protection) ─────
  results:
    if: ${{ always() }}
-    needs: [fast-gate, unit-test, lint, script-test, deterministic-gate, coverage, deadcode, e2e-dry-run, e2e-live, security, license-header, plugin-integration, sidecar-integration]
+    needs: [fast-gate, unit-test, lint, script-test, deterministic-gate, coverage, deadcode, e2e-dry-run, e2e-live, security, license-header]
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - name: Evaluate results
@@ -542,19 +434,10 @@ jobs:
          echo "| L3 | e2e-live | ${{ needs.e2e-live.result }} |" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
          echo "| L4 | security | ${{ needs.security.result }} |" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
          echo "| L4 | license-header | ${{ needs.license-header.result }} |" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
-          echo "| L4 | plugin-integration (observe-only) | ${{ needs.plugin-integration.result }} |" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
-          echo "| L4 | sidecar-integration (observe-only) | ${{ needs.sidecar-integration.result }} |" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY

          # Any failure or cancellation in any job blocks the merge.
-          # Legitimately skipped jobs (deadcode on push, e2e-live when not
-          # needed or on a fork, license-header on push) are OK.
-          #
-          # plugin-integration and sidecar-integration are intentionally NOT
-          # in this loop yet: they run on every PR and their status is shown
-          # in the table above, but a failure is observe-only (non-blocking)
-          # during the initial soak. Graduation to required is tracked in
-          # https://github.com/larksuite/cli/issues/1894 (criteria: 4
-          # consecutive weeks with zero false positives).
+          # Legitimately skipped jobs (deadcode on push, e2e-live on fork,
+          # license-header on push) are OK.
          FAILED=0
          for result in \
            "${{ needs.fast-gate.result }}" \
--- a/.github/workflows/release.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/release.yml
@@ -9,40 +9,11 @@ permissions:
  contents: read

 jobs:
-  preflight:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
-    permissions:
-      contents: read
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@34e114876b0b11c390a56381ad16ebd13914f8d5 # v4
-        with:
-          fetch-depth: 0
-
-      - uses: actions/setup-node@249970729cb0ef3589644e2896645e5dc5ba9c38 # v6
-        with:
-          node-version: '22.14.0'
-
-      - name: Validate tag and commit
-        env:
-          TAG: ${{ github.ref_name }}
-        run: |
-          set -euo pipefail
-          node scripts/release-preflight.js --tag "$TAG"
-          git fetch origin main
-          HEAD_SHA="$(git rev-parse --verify 'HEAD^{commit}')"
-          MAIN_SHA="$(git rev-parse --verify 'FETCH_HEAD^{commit}')"
-          TAG_SHA="$(git rev-parse --verify "refs/tags/${TAG}^{commit}")"
-          if [[ "$TAG_SHA" != "$HEAD_SHA" ]]; then
-            echo "Tag ${TAG} does not resolve to the checked-out HEAD commit." >&2
-            exit 1
-          fi
-          if ! git merge-base --is-ancestor "$HEAD_SHA" "$MAIN_SHA"; then
-            echo "Tag ${TAG} does not point to a commit contained in origin/main." >&2
-            exit 1
-          fi
-
-  build-release:
-    needs: preflight
+  # All platforms (incl. darwin keychain_signer) are CGO-free and cross-compiled
+  # on a single ubuntu runner in one goreleaser run (one checksums.txt). The
+  # darwin signer's runtime FFI is validated separately by the signer-test job.
+  goreleaser:
+    needs: signer-test-macos
    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
    permissions:
      contents: write
@@ -59,79 +30,50 @@ jobs:
        with:
          python-version: '3.x'

-      - uses: actions/setup-node@249970729cb0ef3589644e2896645e5dc5ba9c38 # v6
-        with:
-          node-version: '22.14.0'
-          registry-url: 'https://registry.npmjs.org'
-          package-manager-cache: false
-
-      - name: Install pinned npm
-        run: npm install --global npm@11.16.0
-
      - name: Run GoReleaser
        uses: goreleaser/goreleaser-action@e435ccd777264be153ace6237001ef4d979d3a7a # v6
        with:
          version: '~> v2'
          args: release --clean
        env:
-          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}

-      - name: Include release checksums
-        run: |
-          set -euo pipefail
-          test -s dist/checksums.txt
-          (cd dist && sha256sum --check checksums.txt)
-          cp dist/checksums.txt checksums.txt
-
-      - name: Collect release asset
-        run: |
-          set -euo pipefail
-          mkdir npm-publish-asset
-          cp dist/*.tar.gz dist/*.zip dist/checksums.txt npm-publish-asset/
-
-      - name: Upload release asset
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@ea165f8d65b6e75b540449e92b4886f43607fa02 # v4
-        with:
-          name: npm-publish-asset-${{ github.run_id }}
-          path: npm-publish-asset/
-          if-no-files-found: error
-          overwrite: true
-
-  publish-npm:
-    needs: build-release
-    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
-    environment: npm-production
+  # Validate the macOS keychain signer on real hardware. The release binaries are
+  # cross-compiled on ubuntu (CGO-free purego FFI), so this is the only step that
+  # needs a Mac — and it gates the release rather than producing it.
+  signer-test-macos:
+    runs-on: macos-latest
    permissions:
      contents: read
-      id-token: write
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@34e114876b0b11c390a56381ad16ebd13914f8d5 # v4
+      - uses: actions/setup-go@40f1582b2485089dde7abd97c1529aa768e1baff # v5
+        with:
+          go-version: '1.23'
+      - name: Keychain signer round-trip (CGO-free purego FFI)
+        run: LARK_KEYCHAIN_IT=1 CGO_ENABLED=0 go test -tags keychain_signer -run Keychain -v ./internal/keysigner/
+
+  publish-npm:
+    needs: goreleaser
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@34e114876b0b11c390a56381ad16ebd13914f8d5 # v4

-      - uses: actions/setup-node@249970729cb0ef3589644e2896645e5dc5ba9c38 # v6
+      - uses: actions/setup-node@49933ea5288caeca8642d1e84afbd3f7d6820020 # v4
        with:
-          node-version: '22.14.0'
+          node-version: '20'
          registry-url: 'https://registry.npmjs.org'
-          package-manager-cache: false

-      - name: Install pinned npm
-        run: npm install --global npm@11.16.0
-
-      - name: Download release asset
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8
-        with:
-          name: npm-publish-asset-${{ github.run_id }}
-          path: npm-publish-asset
-
-      - name: Verify npm publish asset
+      - name: Download checksums from release
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
        run: |
          set -euo pipefail
-          (cd npm-publish-asset && sha256sum --check checksums.txt)
-          cp npm-publish-asset/checksums.txt checksums.txt
-          PACK_JSON="$(npm pack --ignore-scripts --json)"
-          PACK_FILE="$(node -e 'const p=JSON.parse(process.argv[1]); if(p.length!==1 || !p[0].filename) process.exit(1); process.stdout.write(p[0].filename)' "$PACK_JSON")"
-          test -s "$PACK_FILE"
-          tar -tzf "$PACK_FILE" | grep -qx 'package/checksums.txt'
-          rm "$PACK_FILE"
+          TAG="${GITHUB_REF_NAME}"
+          gh release download "${TAG}" --pattern checksums.txt --dir .
+          test -s checksums.txt || { echo "checksums.txt missing or empty for ${TAG}"; exit 1; }

      - name: Publish to npm
+        env:
+          NODE_AUTH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.NPM_TOKEN }}
        run: npm publish --access public
--- a/.github/workflows/semantic-review.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/semantic-review.yml
@@ -25,16 +25,19 @@ jobs:
        with:
          script: |
            const run = context.payload.workflow_run;
-            const workflowId = Number(run.workflow_id || 0);
-            if (!Number.isInteger(workflowId) || workflowId <= 0) throw new Error("missing workflow id");
-            const { data: workflow } = await github.rest.actions.getWorkflow({
-              owner: context.repo.owner,
-              repo: context.repo.repo,
-              workflow_id: workflowId,
-            });
-            if (workflow.name !== "CI") throw new Error(`unexpected workflow name: ${workflow.name}`);
-            if (workflow.path !== ".github/workflows/ci.yml") throw new Error(`unexpected workflow path: ${workflow.path}`);
-            if (run.path && run.path !== workflow.path) throw new Error(`workflow path mismatch: ${run.path}`);
+            if (run.name !== "CI") throw new Error(`unexpected workflow name: ${run.name}`);
+            let workflowPath = run.path || "";
+            if (!workflowPath) {
+              const workflowId = Number(run.workflow_id || 0);
+              if (!Number.isInteger(workflowId) || workflowId <= 0) throw new Error("missing workflow id");
+              const { data: workflow } = await github.rest.actions.getWorkflow({
+                owner: context.repo.owner,
+                repo: context.repo.repo,
+                workflow_id: workflowId,
+              });
+              workflowPath = workflow.path || "";
+            }
+            if (workflowPath !== ".github/workflows/ci.yml") throw new Error(`unexpected workflow path: ${workflowPath}`);
            if (run.event !== "pull_request") throw new Error(`unexpected event: ${run.event}`);
            if (run.repository.id !== context.payload.repository.id) throw new Error("repository id mismatch");
            if (run.repository.full_name !== context.payload.repository.full_name) throw new Error("repository name mismatch");
@@ -250,16 +253,19 @@ jobs:
        with:
          script: |
            const run = context.payload.workflow_run;
-            const workflowId = Number(run.workflow_id || 0);
-            if (!Number.isInteger(workflowId) || workflowId <= 0) throw new Error("missing workflow id");
-            const { data: workflow } = await github.rest.actions.getWorkflow({
-              owner: context.repo.owner,
-              repo: context.repo.repo,
-              workflow_id: workflowId,
-            });
-            if (workflow.name !== "CI") throw new Error(`unexpected workflow name: ${workflow.name}`);
-            if (workflow.path !== ".github/workflows/ci.yml") throw new Error(`unexpected workflow path: ${workflow.path}`);
-            if (run.path && run.path !== workflow.path) throw new Error(`workflow path mismatch: ${run.path}`);
+            if (run.name !== "CI") throw new Error(`unexpected workflow name: ${run.name}`);
+            let workflowPath = run.path || "";
+            if (!workflowPath) {
+              const workflowId = Number(run.workflow_id || 0);
+              if (!Number.isInteger(workflowId) || workflowId <= 0) throw new Error("missing workflow id");
+              const { data: workflow } = await github.rest.actions.getWorkflow({
+                owner: context.repo.owner,
+                repo: context.repo.repo,
+                workflow_id: workflowId,
+              });
+              workflowPath = workflow.path || "";
+            }
+            if (workflowPath !== ".github/workflows/ci.yml") throw new Error(`unexpected workflow path: ${workflowPath}`);
            if (run.event !== "pull_request") throw new Error(`unexpected event: ${run.event}`);
            if (run.conclusion !== "success") throw new Error(`unexpected conclusion: ${run.conclusion}`);
            if (run.repository.id !== context.payload.repository.id) throw new Error("repository id mismatch");
--- a/.goreleaser.yml
+++ b/.goreleaser.yml
@@ -5,25 +5,63 @@ before:
    - python3 scripts/fetch_meta.py

 builds:
-  - binary: lark-cli
+  # Linux & Windows: pure-Go TPM 2.0 signer is compiled in by default (no build
+  # tag), cross-compiled with CGO disabled — the binaries ship the platform key
+  # signer for private_key_jwt. windows/arm64 is the one exception: the sks
+  # Windows dependency stack (go-ole) has no arm64 support, so the signer file is
+  # arch-excluded there and that binary falls back to client_secret only.
+  - id: linux
+    binary: lark-cli
+    main: .
    env:
      - CGO_ENABLED=0
+    flags:
+      - -trimpath
    ldflags:
      - -s -w -X github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/build.Version={{ .Version }} -X github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/build.Date={{ .Date }}
    goos:
-      - darwin
      - linux
-      - windows
    goarch:
      - amd64
      - arm64
      - riscv64
+  - id: windows
+    binary: lark-cli
+    main: .
+    env:
+      - CGO_ENABLED=0
+    flags:
+      - -trimpath
+    ldflags:
+      - -s -w -X github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/build.Version={{ .Version }} -X github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/build.Date={{ .Date }}
+    goos:
+      - windows
+    goarch:
+      - amd64
+      - arm64
+  # macOS: the keychain signer calls Security.framework via runtime FFI (purego),
+  # so it is CGO-free, compiled into every darwin build (no build tag), and
+  # cross-compiles from the same ubuntu runner as linux/windows.
+  - id: darwin
+    binary: lark-cli
+    main: .
+    env:
+      - CGO_ENABLED=0
+    flags:
+      - -trimpath
+    ldflags:
+      - -s -w -X github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/build.Version={{ .Version }} -X github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/build.Date={{ .Date }}
+    goos:
+      - darwin
+    goarch:
+      - amd64
+      - arm64

 archives:
  - name_template: "lark-cli-{{ .Version }}-{{ .Os }}-{{ .Arch }}"
    format_overrides:
      - goos: windows
-        format: zip
+        formats: [zip]
    files:
      - README.md
      - LICENSE
--- a/AGENTS.md
+++ b/AGENTS.md
@@ -10,10 +10,9 @@
 ## Build & Test

 ```bash
-make build             # Build (runs fetch_meta first)
-make unit-test         # Required before PR (runs with -race where supported, e.g. amd64/arm64)
-make live-skills-test  # Opt-in real Skills CLI tests; runs with isolated user directories
-make test              # Full: vet + unit + integration
+make build          # Build (runs fetch_meta first)
+make unit-test      # Required before PR (runs with -race where supported, e.g. amd64/arm64)
+make test           # Full: vet + unit + integration
 ```

 ## Notification Opt-Outs
@@ -62,21 +61,10 @@ Both notices recommend the same fix command: `lark-cli update`. The skills notic
 | `internal/credential/` | Credential provider chain (extension → default) |
 | `extension/credential/` | Plugin-facing credential interfaces and env provider |
 | `internal/client/client.go` | APIClient: DoSDKRequest, DoStream |
-| `brand/` | Brand (feishu/lark) and its endpoint hosts — repo root, so `extension/` may import it |
-| `internal/workspace/` | Workspace detection plus the config and runtime directory paths |
-| `internal/identity/` | The `--as` identity (user/bot) and the strict-mode policy |
-| `internal/config/config.go` | Multi-profile config loading/saving |
+| `internal/core/config.go` | Multi-profile config loading/saving |
 | `internal/vfs/` | Filesystem abstraction (use `vfs.*` instead of `os.*`) |
 | `internal/validate/path.go` | Path safety validation |

-`internal/core` is gone. Besides the four packages above it also became
-`internal/secret` (app secret storage and resolution) and `internal/risk` (the
-read / write / high-risk-write vocabulary). Import the narrowest one you need:
-`brand`, `internal/workspace`, `internal/identity`, `internal/secret` and
-`internal/risk` do not import each other — only `internal/config` sits on top of
-them — so asking for a config directory no longer drags in keychain, i18n and
-validate.
-
 ## Who Uses This CLI

 This CLI's primary consumers include AI agents (Claude Code, Cursor, Gemini CLI). Your code is read by machines — error messages, output format, and flag design all directly affect agent success rates.
@@ -117,20 +105,6 @@ Signatures that are easy to guess wrong:

 Program output (JSON envelopes) goes to stdout. Progress, warnings, hints go to stderr. Mixing them corrupts pipe chains.

-### Typed data over loose maps
-
-Parse `map[string]interface{}` into a typed struct at the boundary — one projection function per shape — and let everything downstream consume struct fields, not string keys. A typo'd map key compiles fine and fails at runtime, which an agent then debugs blind.
-
-Use distinct types when two values could be swapped silently: see `internal/meta.Token` — a bare string compiles on either side of a string/string signature, a distinct type does not.
-
-Legacy loose-map code exists in older paths. Match its call sites when touching it, but do not copy the pattern into new code.
-
-### Transcribe faithfully — no silent fallbacks
-
-When code echoes input onward (request previews, transformations, proxies), transcribe verbatim. A `default:` branch that coerces unrecognized input into a plausible value ("unknown HTTP verb → GET") makes the output lie, and an agent reasons from the lie.
-
-The same rule applies to flag combinations and internal wiring: if a requested option cannot be honored, return a typed validation error — never silently substitute another behavior and exit 0. Silent guesses (defaulting a missing identity, discarding writes on a nil writer) are bugs even when every current caller happens to avoid them.
-
 ### Use `vfs.*` instead of `os.*`

 All filesystem access goes through `internal/vfs`. This enables test mocking.
@@ -142,7 +116,6 @@ CLI arguments are untrusted (they come from AI agents). Call `validate.SafeInput
 ### Tests

 - Every behavior change needs a test alongside the change.
- A contract test must fail if the implementation is reverted. If you can undo the code change and the suite stays green, the contract is not pinned — assert the new field/behavior directly, not a happy-path substring.
 - `cmdutil.TestFactory(t, config)` for test factories.
 - `t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", t.TempDir())` to isolate config state.

--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -2,290 +2,6 @@

 All notable changes to this project will be documented in this file.

-## [v1.0.80] - 2026-07-29
-
-### Features
-
- **drive**: add +member-list shortcut (#1795)
- **drive**: add +permission-get-setting shortcut (#1738)
- propagate invocation metadata (#2097)
-
-### Documentation
-
- **slides**: 补齐 shortcut 参数说明，修正 +xml-get --output 必填标注 (#2088)
- **slides**: +create 的参数下沉到 create.md，主 skill 只留路由 (#2096)
-
-### Tests
-
- **e2e**: wait for base role update visibility (#2087)
-
-### Misc
-
- Feat/detect line text overlap (#2069)
-
-## [v1.0.79] - 2026-07-28
-
-### Features
-
- **slides**: update xsd (#2067)
-
-### Bug Fixes
-
- **ci**: validate static workflow identity (#2015)
- **sheets**: recognize OFL0X local office tokens (#2063)
-
-### Documentation
-
- **calendar**: clarify identity selection by event ownership (#2071)
- **slides**: add formula inline element syntax to quick-ref (#2077)
-
-## [v1.0.78] - 2026-07-27
-
-### Features
-
- event description support rich text (#1975)
-
-### Bug Fixes
-
- **slides**: restrict canvas overflow checks
- **slides**: upgrade text overflow to error above 10px threshold
- **slides**: detect letterSpacing-driven text overflow
- **slides**: downgrade background-decoration text overflow to info
- **slides**: allow chartParsedValues roundtrip tag
- refine character width estimation for lark-slides text lint
- **slides**: preserve info lint severity
- **slides**: text may over flow shape
- exempt ghost text from slides lint
-
-## [v1.0.77] - 2026-07-24
-
-### Features
-
- introducing official card icon (#1973)
- **apps**: validate +file-list --page-size against server (0, 200] range (#2007)
- **apps**: support absolute and relative upload paths (#2005)
- **slides**: fill xml-schema-quick-ref gaps that forced XSD fallback (#2026)
- **slides**: add layout density lint for sparse/empty containers (#2022)
- add risk-control protection (#1910)
-
-### Bug Fixes
-
- **slides**: normalize presentation flag aliases (#2032)
- **base**: classify +form-submit as high-risk-write (#1969)
- **slides**: declare screenshot scope
- **slides**: support CSV multi-value for --slide-id in screenshot (#2047)
-
-### Documentation
-
- **skill**: clarify scope handling for query expansion (#2030)
- **base**: clarify complete and partial updates (#1993)
- **skills**: clarify callout child rules (#2048)
-
-### Misc
-
- fix/task id handling (#2023)
- fix/task search pagination (#2041)
-
-## [v1.0.75] - 2026-07-22
-
-### Features
-
- add okr single create shortcut & skill text opti (#1941)
- **calendar**: auto-add bot self as attendee and note user-only search (#1991)
-
-### Bug Fixes
-
- **base**: improve table shortcut behavior & guidance (#1803)
- issue#1935 & whiteboard shortcut reformat (#1980)
- remove legacy shortcut (#1997)
- **e2e**: inject shared credentials by identity (#1995)
-
-### Documentation
-
- **skill**: describe html5 block xml usage (#1380)
- clarify fetch metadata and user cites (#1981)
- add topic move collector workflow (#1473)
- update lark doc HTML size limit (#2001)
- **base**: align record write schema guidance (#2000)
-
-### Tests
-
- **e2e**: declare request identities explicitly (#2004)
-
-### Misc
-
- harden npm release publishing (#1918)
-
-## [v1.0.74] - 2026-07-21
-
-### Features
-
- **slides**: add history rollback shortcuts (#1714)
- **base**: support per-record batch updates (#1889)
-
-### Bug Fixes
-
- preserve slides schema issues
- allow jq examples in quality gate dry-runs
- **im**: warn when flag pagination is truncated (#1906)
- **slides**: warn on text shape overflow
- **slides**: exempt chart roundtrip attributes from lint
- **slides**: detect image text occlusion
- **slides**: clarify xml-text-overlap-lint error for positional argument (#1986)
-
-### Documentation
-
- clarify drive upload overwrite guidance (#1982)
-
-### Tests
-
- isolate unit tests from user state (#1883)
-
-### Refactoring
-
- converge success output through a single Emitter that owns the write (#1899)
-
-## [v1.0.73] - 2026-07-20
-
-### Features
-
- **apps**: design_html support, creative-design skill, unified TOS publish (#1901)
-
-### Bug Fixes
-
- **slides**: detect visual elements outside canvas
- reduce public content credential fixture false positives
- standardize CLI shortcut text in English (#1942)
-
-### Documentation
-
- **base**: reduce filter and update retry loops (#1879)
- **vc**: default transcript routing to smart notes over minutes (#1961)
- clarify local trigger automation (#1958)
-
-### Tests
-
- synchronize temporary Git maintenance (#1946)
-
-### Misc
-
- **slides**: update lark-slides skill to 0715 snapshot (#1933)
- [codex] support bot menu events (#1765)
-
-## [v1.0.72] - 2026-07-17
-
-### Features
-
- **slides**: lint table out of canvas
- **slides**: report resolved table size mismatches
- **approval**: support approval event consumption (#1924)
-
-### Bug Fixes
-
- **vc**: don't fail +detail for in-progress meetings (#1930)
- stabilize drive delete E2E terminal-state checks (#1939)
-
-### Documentation
-
- **slides**: document table dimensions
- document base field default values (#1500)
- **sheets**: use English placeholder in table-get guidance (#1936)
-
-### Tests
-
- stabilize live e2e auth retries (#1904)
- use tri-state wiki node identity in delete verification (#1931)
- fix drive cover download retries (#1934)
-
-## [v1.0.71] - 2026-07-16
-
-### Features
-
- add wiki move-to-drive shortcut (#1869)
- **apps**: add role management shortcuts (#1881)
- **drive**: add secure label support and clarify comment location API (#1913)
-
-### Bug Fixes
-
- **base**: improve dashboard shortcut guidance (#1787)
-
-### Documentation
-
- **apps**: add platform SQL authoring guide to the db-execute skill (#1912)
-
-### Misc
-
- add L4 plugin-integration and sidecar-integration CI jobs (#1840)
- **drive**: optimize drive +delete workflow (#1909)
-
-## [v1.0.70] - 2026-07-15
-
-### Features
-
- add minutes permission application shortcut (#1876)
- **drive**: support apps in list comments (#1877)
- slide style
- edit ppt template
- **slides**: add sxsd validation to slides lint
- **slides**: validate iconpark icon types in slides lint
- **slides**: lint before create
- **apps**: add automation trigger commands for Miaoda (#1886)
-
-### Bug Fixes
-
- unify dry-run output contract (#1870)
- **skills**: align skill guidance with the typed error contract (#1786)
- **slides**: limit slides screenshot page requests
- **slides**: detect lark slides text overflow overlap
- **vc**: align meeting query scopes by identity (#1850)
-
-### Documentation
-
- clarify task search relevance filters (#1884)
- surface minutes permission application in skill description (#1890)
- clarify okr progress children (#1861)
- **slides**: prefer slides xml-get shortcut
- **calendar**: document setting meeting owner via full API (#1903)
-
-### Refactoring
-
- **slides**: streamline create workflow and validate SML namespaces
-
-### Misc
-
- **slides**: address PR review feedback
-
-## [v1.0.69] - 2026-07-13
-
-### Features
-
- support docs fetch selection anchors (#1815)
- **apps**: support modern_html app type with TOS publish path and app type querying
- **im**: show bot sender display names when reading messages (#1829)
- add drive list comments shortcut (#1845)
- support wiki sources in drive export (#1802)
- add application domain with slash command management shortcuts (#1806)
- validate IM idempotency key length (#1797)
- surface reply context and mentions in im.message.receive_v1 (#1798)
-
-### Bug Fixes
-
- route brand-sensitive endpoints through the resolver (#1836)
-
-### Documentation
-
- document OKR block XML guidance (#1648)
- refine doubao whiteboard workflow routing (#1841)
- clarify Mindnote token handling (#1827)
-
-### Tests
-
- isolate semantic waiver fixtures from wall clock
-
-### Misc
-
- Merge lark sheets development branch (#1833)
-
 ## [v1.0.68] - 2026-07-09

 ### Features
@@ -1722,17 +1438,6 @@ Bundled AI agent skills for intelligent assistance:
 - Bilingual documentation (English & Chinese).
 - CI/CD pipelines: linting, testing, coverage reporting, and automated releases.

-[v1.0.80]: https://github.com/larksuite/cli/releases/tag/v1.0.80
-[v1.0.79]: https://github.com/larksuite/cli/releases/tag/v1.0.79
-[v1.0.78]: https://github.com/larksuite/cli/releases/tag/v1.0.78
-[v1.0.77]: https://github.com/larksuite/cli/releases/tag/v1.0.77
-[v1.0.75]: https://github.com/larksuite/cli/releases/tag/v1.0.75
-[v1.0.74]: https://github.com/larksuite/cli/releases/tag/v1.0.74
-[v1.0.73]: https://github.com/larksuite/cli/releases/tag/v1.0.73
-[v1.0.72]: https://github.com/larksuite/cli/releases/tag/v1.0.72
-[v1.0.71]: https://github.com/larksuite/cli/releases/tag/v1.0.71
-[v1.0.70]: https://github.com/larksuite/cli/releases/tag/v1.0.70
-[v1.0.69]: https://github.com/larksuite/cli/releases/tag/v1.0.69
 [v1.0.68]: https://github.com/larksuite/cli/releases/tag/v1.0.68
 [v1.0.67]: https://github.com/larksuite/cli/releases/tag/v1.0.67
 [v1.0.66]: https://github.com/larksuite/cli/releases/tag/v1.0.66
--- a/27
+++ b/27
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ PREFIX   ?= /usr/local
 TEST_GOARCH := $(or $(GOARCH),$(shell go env GOARCH))
 RACE_FLAG := $(if $(filter riscv64,$(TEST_GOARCH)),,-race)

-.PHONY: all build vet fmt-check script-test test unit-test live-skills-test integration-test examples-build quality-gate install uninstall clean fetch_meta gitleaks sidecar-test
+.PHONY: all build vet fmt-check script-test test unit-test integration-test examples-build quality-gate install uninstall clean fetch_meta gitleaks

 all: test

@@ -34,7 +34,11 @@ build: fetch_meta
 	go build -trimpath -ldflags "$(LDFLAGS)" -o $(BINARY) .

 vet: fetch_meta
-	go vet ./...
+	# -unsafeptr=false: the macOS keychain signer dereferences dylib data-symbol
+	# addresses from purego.Dlsym (uintptr->unsafe.Pointer over stable C memory) —
+	# safe FFI, but go vet's unsafeptr can't prove it and has no inline suppress.
+	# golangci-lint still runs full govet (honoring the //nolint:govet) in CI.
+	go vet -unsafeptr=false ./...

 # fmt-check fails when any file would be reformatted by gofmt. Keep this
 # in sync with the fast-gate "Check formatting" step in CI.
@@ -49,30 +53,21 @@ fmt-check:

 script-test:
 	bash scripts/resolve-changed-from.test.sh
-	bash scripts/check-layering-ratchet.test.sh
 	bash scripts/ci-workflow.test.sh
 	bash scripts/semantic-review-workflow.test.sh
-	$(NODE) --test scripts/e2e_domains.test.js scripts/fetch_e2e_tat.test.js scripts/install.test.js scripts/release-preflight.test.js scripts/semantic-review-verify-artifact.test.js scripts/pr-quality-summary.test.js scripts/semantic-review-publish.test.js scripts/ci-quality-summary-publish.test.js
+	$(NODE) --test scripts/e2e_domains.test.js scripts/semantic-review-verify-artifact.test.js scripts/pr-quality-summary.test.js scripts/semantic-review-publish.test.js scripts/ci-quality-summary-publish.test.js

 # ./extension/... keeps the public plugin SDK in the default test matrix.
 unit-test: fetch_meta
 	go test $(RACE_FLAG) -gcflags="all=-N -l" -count=1 \
 		./cmd/... ./internal/... ./shortcuts/... ./extension/...

-live-skills-test: fetch_meta
-	LARKSUITE_CLI_RUN_LIVE_SKILLS_TESTS=1 \
-	go test -v -count=1 ./cmd/update \
-		-run '^TestUpdateCommand_(RealSkillsSyncRewritesState|SkillsSyncColdStart)$$'
-
 # examples-build keeps the shipped plugin-SDK examples compilable. If this
 # breaks, the plugin author guide's "go build ./..." path is broken.
 examples-build:
 	go build ./extension/platform/examples/audit-observer
 	go build ./extension/platform/examples/readonly-policy

-# ./tests/... includes tests/plugin_e2e, which builds ~20 customer-fork
-# binaries (~1 min warm; a cold module cache also downloads via GOPROXY).
-# Deliberate: local `make test` exercises the L4 plugin contract by default.
 integration-test: build
 	go test -v -count=1 ./tests/...

@@ -114,14 +109,6 @@ uninstall:
 clean:
 	rm -f $(BINARY)

-# sidecar-test compiles and runs the authsidecar* build-tagged code that the
-# default CI matrix never sees (they carry //go:build tags).
-sidecar-test:
-	go build -tags authsidecar -o /dev/null .
-	go test $(RACE_FLAG) -count=1 -tags authsidecar ./extension/credential/sidecar/ ./extension/transport/sidecar/ ./internal/cmdutil/
-	go test $(RACE_FLAG) -count=1 -tags authsidecar_demo ./sidecar/server-demo/
-	go test $(RACE_FLAG) -count=1 -tags authsidecar ./tests/sidecar_e2e/
-
 # Run secret-leak checks locally before pushing.
 # Step 1: check-doc-tokens catches realistic-looking example tokens in reference
 #         docs and asks you to use _EXAMPLE_TOKEN placeholders instead.
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -285,29 +285,6 @@ To reduce these risks, the tool enables default security protections at multiple

 We recommend using the Lark/Feishu bot integrated with this tool as a private conversational assistant. Do not add it to group chats or allow other users to interact with it, to avoid abuse of permissions or data leakage.

-To reduce the security risks associated with access token theft, the CLI sends a minimal set of risk-control signals with OpenAPI requests made to exact official Feishu/Lark HTTPS domains. These signals are used to help identify anomalous API activity. This protection is enabled by default. The information sent is limited to:
-
- Operating system type: macOS, Windows, or Linux
- Device hardware model: for example, Mac17,9
-
-To disable this protection for the current workspace, run:
-
-```bash
-lark-cli config risk-control off
-```
-
-To enable this protection for the current workspace, run:
-
-```bash
-lark-cli config risk-control on
-```
-
-To restore the default policy for the current workspace, run:
-
-```bash
-lark-cli config risk-control default
-```
-
 Please fully understand all usage risks. By using this tool, you are deemed to voluntarily assume all related responsibilities.

 ## Star History
--- a/README.zh.md
+++ b/README.zh.md
@@ -286,29 +286,6 @@ lark-cli schema im.messages.delete

 我们建议您将对接本工具的飞书机器人作为私人对话助手使用，请勿将其拉入群聊或允许其他用户与其交互，以避免权限被滥用或数据泄露。

-为降低访问令牌被盗用后的安全风险，CLI 在向飞书/Lark 官方 HTTPS 精确域名发起 OpenAPI 请求时，会随请求发送一组最小化的风控信号，用于辅助识别异常调用行为。该保护默认开启，发送的信息仅包括：
-
- 操作系统类型：macOS、Windows 或 Linux
- 设备的硬件产品型号：例如 Mac17,9
-
-如需让当前 workspace 退出该保护，可执行以下命令：
-
-```bash
-lark-cli config risk-control off
-```
-
-如需开启当前 workspace 的保护，可执行以下命令：
-
-```bash
-lark-cli config risk-control on
-```
-
-恢复当前 workspace 默认策略可执行：
-
-```bash
-lark-cli config risk-control default
-```
-
 请您充分知悉全部使用风险，使用本工具即视为您自愿承担相关所有责任。

 ## Star History
--- a/affordance/contact.md
+++ b/affordance/contact.md
@@ -23,41 +23,6 @@ lark-cli contact +search-user --query "alice" --as user
 lark-cli contact +search-user --user-ids "ou_3a8b****6a7b,me" --as user
 ```

-## +search-bot
-Search bots (apps) by keyword. Pass `--query` or `--queries`; use `--chat-ids` to search within specific chats.
-
-### Skills
- lark-contact/references/lark-contact-search-bot.md
-
-### Avoid when
- Looking for a person rather than a bot → use [[+search-user]]
- Running as a bot — this shortcut is user-only
-
-### Tips
- `has_more=true` means the search is incomplete; refine the keyword or search scope instead of paginating
-
-### Examples
-
-**Find bots by keyword**
-```bash
-lark-cli contact +search-bot --query "会议助手" --as user
-```
-
-**Search inside one chat**
-```bash
-lark-cli contact +search-bot --query "助手" --chat-ids "oc_3a8b****6a7b" --as user
-```
-
-**Find bots you've chatted with**
-```bash
-lark-cli contact +search-bot --query "助手" --has-chatted --as user
-```
-
-**Search several bot keywords in one call**
-```bash
-lark-cli contact +search-bot --queries "会议助手,日报助手,审批助手" --as user
-```
-
 ## +get-user
 Fetch one user's profile by id, or your own with --user-id omitted. Use it under bot identity — `+search-user` is user-only.

--- a/cmd/api/api.go
+++ b/cmd/api/api.go
@@ -13,8 +13,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/client"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
-	configpkg "github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/config"
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/identity"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/output"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/validate"
 	larkcore "github.com/larksuite/oapi-sdk-go/v3/core"
@@ -34,7 +33,7 @@ type APIOptions struct {
 	// Flags
 	Params    string
 	Data      string
-	As        identity.Identity
+	As        core.Identity
 	Output    string
 	PageAll   bool
 	PageSize  int
@@ -88,7 +87,7 @@ Examples:
 			opts.Path = args[1]
 			opts.Cmd = cmd
 			opts.Ctx = cmd.Context()
-			opts.As = identity.Identity(asStr)
+			opts.As = core.Identity(asStr)
 			if runF != nil {
 				return runF(opts)
 			}
@@ -131,13 +130,6 @@ func buildAPIRequest(opts *APIOptions) (client.RawApiRequest, *cmdutil.FileUploa
 	stdin := opts.Factory.IOStreams.In
 	fileIO := opts.Factory.ResolveFileIO(opts.Ctx)

-	if opts.Method == "" {
-		return client.RawApiRequest{}, nil, errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument,
-			"HTTP method must not be empty").
-			WithHint("pass the verb as the first argument, e.g. lark-cli api GET /open-apis/...").
-			WithParam("<method>")
-	}
-
 	// Validate --file mutual exclusions first.
 	if err := cmdutil.ValidateFileFlag(opts.File, opts.Params, opts.Data, opts.Output, opts.PageAll, opts.Method); err != nil {
 		return client.RawApiRequest{}, nil, err
@@ -251,9 +243,9 @@ func apiRun(opts *APIOptions) error {

 	if opts.DryRun {
 		if fileMeta != nil {
-			return cmdutil.PrintDryRunWithFile(request, config, dryRunOutputOptions(f, opts), *fileMeta)
+			return cmdutil.PrintDryRunWithFile(f.IOStreams.Out, request, config, opts.Format, fileMeta.FieldName, fileMeta.FilePath, fileMeta.FormFields)
 		}
-		return apiDryRun(f, request, config, opts)
+		return apiDryRun(f, request, config, opts.Format)
 	}
 	// Identity info is now included in the JSON envelope; skip stderr printing.
 	// cmdutil.PrintIdentity(f.IOStreams.ErrOut, opts.As, config, f.IdentityAutoDetected)
@@ -305,19 +297,8 @@ func apiRun(opts *APIOptions) error {
 	return nil
 }

-func apiDryRun(f *cmdutil.Factory, request client.RawApiRequest, config *configpkg.CliConfig, opts *APIOptions) error {
-	return cmdutil.PrintDryRun(request, config, dryRunOutputOptions(f, opts))
-}
-
-func dryRunOutputOptions(f *cmdutil.Factory, opts *APIOptions) cmdutil.DryRunOutputOptions {
-	return cmdutil.DryRunOutputOptions{
-		Format:      opts.Format,
-		JqExpr:      opts.JqExpr,
-		CommandPath: opts.Cmd.CommandPath(),
-		Identity:    opts.As,
-		Out:         f.IOStreams.Out,
-		ErrOut:      f.IOStreams.ErrOut,
-	}
+func apiDryRun(f *cmdutil.Factory, request client.RawApiRequest, config *core.CliConfig, format string) error {
+	return cmdutil.PrintDryRun(f.IOStreams.Out, request, config, format)
 }

 func apiPaginate(ctx context.Context, ac *client.APIClient, request client.RawApiRequest, format output.Format, jqExpr string, out, errOut io.Writer, commandPath string, pagOpts client.PaginationOptions) error {
@@ -345,18 +326,20 @@ func apiPaginate(ctx context.Context, ac *client.APIClient, request client.RawAp

 	switch format {
 	case output.FormatNDJSON, output.FormatTable, output.FormatCSV:
-		emitter := output.NewEmitter(output.EmitterConfig{
-			Out:            out,
-			ErrOut:         errOut,
-			CommandPath:    commandPath,
-			Identity:       string(pagOpts.Identity),
-			NoticeProvider: output.GetNotice,
-		})
+		pf := output.NewPaginatedFormatter(out, format)
 		result, hasItems, err := ac.StreamPages(ctx, request, func(items []interface{}) error {
 			// Streaming formats intentionally emit each page after that page has
 			// passed safety scanning. A later page may still fail, so callers
 			// must use the exit code to distinguish complete vs partial output.
-			return emitter.StreamPage(items, output.StreamOptions{Format: format.String()})
+			scanResult := output.ScanForSafety(commandPath, items, errOut)
+			if scanResult.Blocked {
+				return scanResult.BlockErr
+			}
+			if scanResult.Alert != nil {
+				output.WriteAlertWarning(errOut, scanResult.Alert)
+			}
+			pf.FormatPage(items)
+			return nil
 		}, pagOpts)
 		if err != nil {
 			return errs.MarkRaw(err)
--- a/cmd/api/api_paginate_test.go
+++ b/cmd/api/api_paginate_test.go
@@ -1,398 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
-
-package api
-
-import (
-	"bytes"
-	"context"
-	"encoding/json"
-	"errors"
-	"fmt"
-	"io"
-	"net/http"
-	"testing"
-
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/brand"
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/client"
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
-	configpkg "github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/config"
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/httpmock"
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/identity"
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/output"
-)
-
-type apiFailOnWriteWriter struct {
-	buf    bytes.Buffer
-	writes int
-	failAt int
-	err    error
-}
-
-func (w *apiFailOnWriteWriter) Write(p []byte) (int, error) {
-	w.writes++
-	if w.writes == w.failAt {
-		return 0, w.err
-	}
-	return w.buf.Write(p)
-}
-
-func newAPIPaginateTestHarness(t *testing.T) (*client.APIClient, *bytes.Buffer, *bytes.Buffer, *httpmock.Registry) {
-	t.Helper()
-	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", t.TempDir())
-	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONTENT_SAFETY_MODE", "off")
-	previousNotice := output.PendingNotice
-	output.PendingNotice = nil
-	t.Cleanup(func() { output.PendingNotice = previousNotice })
-
-	config := &configpkg.CliConfig{
-		AppID:     "test-app",
-		AppSecret: "test-secret",
-		Brand:     brand.Feishu,
-	}
-	f, out, errOut, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, config)
-	ac, err := f.NewAPIClientWithConfig(config)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("NewAPIClientWithConfig() error = %v", err)
-	}
-	ac.ErrOut = io.Discard
-	return ac, out, errOut, reg
-}
-
-func apiPaginateRequest() client.RawApiRequest {
-	return client.RawApiRequest{
-		Method: "GET",
-		URL:    "/open-apis/test/v1/items",
-		As:     identity.AsBot,
-	}
-}
-
-func assertAPIPaginateJSONBytes(t *testing.T, got []byte, want interface{}) {
-	t.Helper()
-	wantBytes, err := json.MarshalIndent(want, "", "  ")
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("marshal expected JSON: %v", err)
-	}
-	wantBytes = append(wantBytes, '\n')
-	if !bytes.Equal(got, wantBytes) {
-		t.Fatalf("stdout bytes mismatch\ngot:\n%s\nwant:\n%s", got, wantBytes)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestAPIPaginate_DefaultAggregatesAllPages(t *testing.T) {
-	ac, out, errOut, reg := newAPIPaginateTestHarness(t)
-	calls := 0
-	wantTokens := []string{"", "next-1", "next-2"}
-	for i, wantToken := range wantTokens {
-		page := i + 1
-		hasMore := page < len(wantTokens)
-		data := map[string]interface{}{
-			"items":    []interface{}{map[string]interface{}{"id": string(rune('0' + page))}},
-			"has_more": hasMore,
-		}
-		if hasMore {
-			data["page_token"] = wantTokens[page]
-		}
-		reg.Register(&httpmock.Stub{
-			URL: "/open-apis/test/v1/items",
-			OnMatch: func(req *http.Request) {
-				calls++
-				if got := req.URL.Query().Get("page_token"); got != wantToken {
-					t.Errorf("request %d page_token = %q, want %q", page, got, wantToken)
-				}
-			},
-			Body: map[string]interface{}{
-				"code": 0,
-				"msg":  "ok",
-				"data": data,
-			},
-		})
-	}
-
-	err := apiPaginate(context.Background(), ac, apiPaginateRequest(),
-		output.FormatJSON, "", out, errOut, "lark-cli api GET", client.PaginationOptions{
-			PageLimit: 10,
-			PageDelay: -1,
-		})
-
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("apiPaginate() error = %v, want nil", err)
-	}
-	if calls != 3 {
-		t.Fatalf("pagination requests = %d, want 3", calls)
-	}
-	assertAPIPaginateJSONBytes(t, out.Bytes(), output.Envelope{
-		OK:       true,
-		Identity: "bot",
-		Data: map[string]interface{}{
-			"items": []interface{}{
-				map[string]interface{}{"id": "1"},
-				map[string]interface{}{"id": "2"},
-				map[string]interface{}{"id": "3"},
-			},
-			"has_more": false,
-		},
-	})
-	if got := errOut.String(); got != "" {
-		t.Fatalf("stderr bytes = %q, want empty", got)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestAPIPaginate_StreamingFormatsEmitExactMultiPageBytes(t *testing.T) {
-	tests := []struct {
-		name   string
-		format output.Format
-		want   string
-	}{
-		{
-			name:   "ndjson",
-			format: output.FormatNDJSON,
-			want:   "{\"id\":\"1\",\"name\":\"Alice\"}\n{\"id\":\"2\",\"name\":\"Carol\",\"page_only\":\"ignored\"}\n",
-		},
-		{
-			name:   "table",
-			format: output.FormatTable,
-			want:   "id  name \n──  ─────\n1   Alice\n2   Carol\n",
-		},
-		{
-			name:   "csv",
-			format: output.FormatCSV,
-			want:   "id,name\n1,Alice\n2,Carol\n",
-		},
-	}
-
-	for _, tt := range tests {
-		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			ac, out, errOut, reg := newAPIPaginateTestHarness(t)
-			reg.Register(&httpmock.Stub{
-				URL: "/open-apis/test/v1/items",
-				Body: map[string]interface{}{
-					"code": 0,
-					"msg":  "ok",
-					"data": map[string]interface{}{
-						"items": []interface{}{
-							map[string]interface{}{"id": "1", "name": "Alice"},
-						},
-						"has_more":   true,
-						"page_token": "next-1",
-					},
-				},
-			})
-			reg.Register(&httpmock.Stub{
-				URL: "/open-apis/test/v1/items",
-				Body: map[string]interface{}{
-					"code": 0,
-					"msg":  "ok",
-					"data": map[string]interface{}{
-						"items": []interface{}{
-							map[string]interface{}{"id": "2", "name": "Carol", "page_only": "ignored"},
-						},
-						"has_more": false,
-					},
-				},
-			})
-
-			err := apiPaginate(context.Background(), ac, apiPaginateRequest(),
-				tt.format, "", out, errOut, "lark-cli api GET", client.PaginationOptions{
-					PageLimit: 10,
-					PageDelay: -1,
-				})
-
-			if err != nil {
-				t.Fatalf("apiPaginate() error = %v, want nil", err)
-			}
-			if got := out.String(); got != tt.want {
-				t.Fatalf("stdout byte mismatch\ngot (%d bytes):\n%q\nwant (%d bytes):\n%q", len(got), got, len(tt.want), tt.want)
-			}
-			if got := errOut.String(); got != "" {
-				t.Fatalf("stderr bytes = %q, want empty", got)
-			}
-		})
-	}
-}
-
-func TestAPIPaginate_StreamingWriteFailureStopsFurtherPages(t *testing.T) {
-	ac, _, errOut, reg := newAPIPaginateTestHarness(t)
-	sentinel := errors.New("page write failed")
-	out := &apiFailOnWriteWriter{failAt: 2, err: sentinel}
-	calls := 0
-	for page := 1; page <= 2; page++ {
-		hasMore := true
-		data := map[string]interface{}{
-			"items":    []interface{}{map[string]interface{}{"id": page}},
-			"has_more": hasMore,
-		}
-		if hasMore {
-			data["page_token"] = fmt.Sprintf("next-%d", page)
-		}
-		reg.Register(&httpmock.Stub{
-			URL: "/open-apis/test/v1/items",
-			OnMatch: func(*http.Request) {
-				calls++
-			},
-			Body: map[string]interface{}{
-				"code": 0,
-				"msg":  "ok",
-				"data": data,
-			},
-		})
-	}
-
-	err := apiPaginate(context.Background(), ac, apiPaginateRequest(),
-		output.FormatNDJSON, "", out, errOut, "lark-cli api GET",
-		client.PaginationOptions{PageLimit: 10, PageDelay: -1})
-
-	if !errors.Is(err, sentinel) {
-		t.Fatalf("apiPaginate() error = %v, want preserved writer cause", err)
-	}
-	problem, ok := errs.ProblemOf(err)
-	if !ok || problem.Category != errs.CategoryInternal {
-		t.Fatalf("apiPaginate() problem = %#v, %v; want internal typed error", problem, ok)
-	}
-	if calls != 2 {
-		t.Fatalf("pagination requests = %d, want 2", calls)
-	}
-	if got, want := out.buf.String(), "{\"id\":1}\n"; got != want {
-		t.Fatalf("stdout bytes = %q, want %q", got, want)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestAPIPaginate_StreamingFormatFallsBackToJSONWithoutList(t *testing.T) {
-	ac, out, errOut, reg := newAPIPaginateTestHarness(t)
-	reg.Register(&httpmock.Stub{
-		URL: "/open-apis/test/v1/items",
-		Body: map[string]interface{}{
-			"code": 0,
-			"msg":  "ok",
-			"data": map[string]interface{}{
-				"name":    "Test User",
-				"user_id": "u123",
-			},
-		},
-	})
-
-	err := apiPaginate(context.Background(), ac, apiPaginateRequest(),
-		output.FormatNDJSON, "", out, errOut, "lark-cli api GET", client.PaginationOptions{PageDelay: -1})
-
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("apiPaginate() error = %v, want nil", err)
-	}
-	assertAPIPaginateJSONBytes(t, out.Bytes(), output.Envelope{
-		OK:       true,
-		Identity: "bot",
-		Data: map[string]interface{}{
-			"name":    "Test User",
-			"user_id": "u123",
-		},
-	})
-	wantWarning := "warning: this API does not return a list, format \"ndjson\" is not supported, falling back to json\n"
-	if got := errOut.String(); got != wantWarning {
-		t.Fatalf("stderr bytes = %q, want %q", got, wantWarning)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestAPIPaginate_BusinessErrorsWriteRawAndAreMarkedRaw(t *testing.T) {
-	businessResponse := map[string]interface{}{
-		"code": 123456,
-		"msg":  "fixture business error",
-		"data": map[string]interface{}{"detail": "business failed"},
-	}
-	tests := []struct {
-		name   string
-		format output.Format
-		jqExpr string
-	}{
-		{name: "jq", format: output.FormatJSON, jqExpr: ".data.items"},
-		{name: "default_json", format: output.FormatJSON},
-	}
-
-	for _, tt := range tests {
-		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			ac, out, errOut, reg := newAPIPaginateTestHarness(t)
-			reg.Register(&httpmock.Stub{
-				URL:  "/open-apis/test/v1/items",
-				Body: businessResponse,
-			})
-
-			err := apiPaginate(context.Background(), ac, apiPaginateRequest(),
-				tt.format, tt.jqExpr, out, errOut, "lark-cli api GET", client.PaginationOptions{PageDelay: -1})
-
-			if err == nil {
-				t.Fatal("apiPaginate() error = nil, want business error")
-			}
-			if !errs.IsRaw(err) {
-				t.Fatalf("errs.IsRaw(error) = false, want true; error = %T: %v", err, err)
-			}
-			assertAPIPaginateJSONBytes(t, out.Bytes(), businessResponse)
-			if bytes.Contains(out.Bytes(), []byte(`"ok": true`)) {
-				t.Fatalf("business-error stdout contains a success envelope:\n%s", out.Bytes())
-			}
-			if got := errOut.String(); got != "" {
-				t.Fatalf("stderr bytes = %q, want empty", got)
-			}
-		})
-	}
-}
-
-func TestAPIPaginate_TransportErrorsAreMarkedRaw(t *testing.T) {
-	tests := []struct {
-		name   string
-		format output.Format
-		jqExpr string
-	}{
-		{name: "jq_paginate_all", format: output.FormatJSON, jqExpr: ".data.items"},
-		{name: "stream_pages", format: output.FormatNDJSON},
-		{name: "default_paginate_all", format: output.FormatJSON},
-	}
-
-	for _, tt := range tests {
-		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			ac, out, errOut, _ := newAPIPaginateTestHarness(t)
-
-			err := apiPaginate(context.Background(), ac, apiPaginateRequest(),
-				tt.format, tt.jqExpr, out, errOut, "lark-cli api GET", client.PaginationOptions{PageDelay: -1})
-
-			if err == nil {
-				t.Fatal("apiPaginate() error = nil, want transport error")
-			}
-			if !errs.IsRaw(err) {
-				t.Fatalf("errs.IsRaw(error) = false, want true; error = %T: %v", err, err)
-			}
-			if got := out.String(); got != "" {
-				t.Fatalf("stdout bytes = %q, want empty", got)
-			}
-			if got := errOut.String(); got != "" {
-				t.Fatalf("stderr bytes = %q, want empty", got)
-			}
-		})
-	}
-}
-
-func TestAPIPaginate_StreamBusinessErrorIsMarkedRaw(t *testing.T) {
-	ac, out, errOut, reg := newAPIPaginateTestHarness(t)
-	reg.Register(&httpmock.Stub{
-		URL: "/open-apis/test/v1/items",
-		Body: map[string]interface{}{
-			"code": 123456,
-			"msg":  "fixture business error",
-			"data": map[string]interface{}{},
-		},
-	})
-
-	err := apiPaginate(context.Background(), ac, apiPaginateRequest(),
-		output.FormatNDJSON, "", out, errOut, "lark-cli api GET", client.PaginationOptions{PageDelay: -1})
-
-	if err == nil {
-		t.Fatal("apiPaginate() error = nil, want business error")
-	}
-	if !errs.IsRaw(err) {
-		t.Fatalf("errs.IsRaw(error) = false, want true; error = %T: %v", err, err)
-	}
-	if got := out.String(); got != "" {
-		t.Fatalf("stdout bytes = %q, want empty", got)
-	}
-	if got := errOut.String(); got != "" {
-		t.Fatalf("stderr bytes = %q, want empty", got)
-	}
-}
--- a/cmd/api/api_test.go
+++ b/cmd/api/api_test.go
@@ -16,13 +16,11 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 	"testing"

-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/brand"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
 	extcs "github.com/larksuite/cli/extension/contentsafety"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
-	configpkg "github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/config"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/httpmock"
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/identity"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 )

@@ -42,8 +40,8 @@ func newTestRootCmd() *cobra.Command {
 }

 func TestApiCmd_FlagParsing(t *testing.T) {
-	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &configpkg.CliConfig{
-		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: brand.Feishu,
+	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{
+		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: core.BrandFeishu,
 	})

 	var gotOpts *APIOptions
@@ -62,7 +60,7 @@ func TestApiCmd_FlagParsing(t *testing.T) {
 	if gotOpts.Path != "/open-apis/test" {
 		t.Errorf("expected path /open-apis/test, got %s", gotOpts.Path)
 	}
-	if gotOpts.As != identity.AsBot {
+	if gotOpts.As != core.AsBot {
 		t.Errorf("expected as=bot, got %s", gotOpts.As)
 	}
 	if !gotOpts.DryRun {
@@ -71,8 +69,8 @@ func TestApiCmd_FlagParsing(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestApiCmd_DryRun(t *testing.T) {
-	f, stdout, stderr, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &configpkg.CliConfig{
-		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: brand.Feishu,
+	f, stdout, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{
+		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: core.BrandFeishu,
 	})

 	cmd := newTestApiCmd(f, nil)
@@ -81,42 +79,12 @@ func TestApiCmd_DryRun(t *testing.T) {
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
 	}
-	var got map[string]interface{}
-	if err := json.Unmarshal(stdout.Bytes(), &got); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("dry-run stdout is not JSON: %v\nstdout:\n%s\nstderr:\n%s", err, stdout.String(), stderr.String())
+	output := stdout.String()
+	if !strings.Contains(output, "Dry Run") {
+		t.Error("expected dry run output")
 	}
-	if got["ok"] != true || got["identity"] != "bot" || got["dry_run"] != true {
-		t.Fatalf("unexpected dry-run envelope: %#v", got)
-	}
-	data, ok := got["data"].(map[string]interface{})
-	if !ok {
-		t.Fatalf("data = %#v, want object", got["data"])
-	}
-	api, ok := data["api"].([]interface{})
-	if !ok || len(api) != 1 {
-		t.Fatalf("api = %#v, want one call", data["api"])
-	}
-	call, ok := api[0].(map[string]interface{})
-	if !ok || call["url"] != "/open-apis/test" {
-		t.Fatalf("api[0] = %#v", api[0])
-	}
-	if strings.Contains(stdout.String(), "=== Dry Run ===") {
-		t.Fatalf("stdout should not contain dry-run banner: %s", stdout.String())
-	}
-}
-
-func TestApiCmd_DryRunWithJq(t *testing.T) {
-	f, stdout, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &configpkg.CliConfig{
-		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: brand.Feishu,
-	})
-
-	cmd := newTestApiCmd(f, nil)
-	cmd.SetArgs([]string{"GET", "/open-apis/test", "--as", "bot", "--dry-run", "--jq", ".data.api[0].url"})
-	if err := cmd.Execute(); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
-	}
-	if got := strings.TrimSpace(stdout.String()); got != "/open-apis/test" {
-		t.Fatalf("jq output = %q, want /open-apis/test", got)
+	if !strings.Contains(output, "/open-apis/test") {
+		t.Error("expected path in dry run output")
 	}
 }

@@ -124,8 +92,8 @@ func TestApiCmd_DryRunWithJq(t *testing.T) {
 // not panic. Symmetric to the typed-flag overlay path in cmd/service — both
 // write into the map ParseJSONMap returns.
 func TestApiCmd_NullParamsWithPageSize(t *testing.T) {
-	f, stdout, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &configpkg.CliConfig{
-		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: brand.Feishu,
+	f, stdout, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{
+		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: core.BrandFeishu,
 	})

 	cmd := newTestApiCmd(f, nil)
@@ -139,8 +107,8 @@ func TestApiCmd_NullParamsWithPageSize(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestApiCmd_BotMode(t *testing.T) {
-	f, stdout, _, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &configpkg.CliConfig{
-		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: brand.Feishu,
+	f, stdout, _, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{
+		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: core.BrandFeishu,
 	})

 	// Register API endpoint stub
@@ -172,8 +140,8 @@ func TestApiCmd_BotMode(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestApiCmd_MissingArgs(t *testing.T) {
-	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &configpkg.CliConfig{
-		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: brand.Feishu,
+	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{
+		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: core.BrandFeishu,
 	})

 	cmd := newTestApiCmd(f, nil)
@@ -184,25 +152,9 @@ func TestApiCmd_MissingArgs(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }

-func TestApiCmd_EmptyMethodRejected(t *testing.T) {
-	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &configpkg.CliConfig{
-		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: brand.Feishu,
-	})
-
-	cmd := newTestApiCmd(f, nil)
-	cmd.SetArgs([]string{"", "/open-apis/test", "--as", "bot", "--dry-run"})
-	err := cmd.Execute()
-	if err == nil {
-		t.Fatal("expected validation error for empty HTTP method")
-	}
-	if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "method") {
-		t.Fatalf("error should name the method argument, got: %v", err)
-	}
-}
-
 func TestApiCmd_InvalidParamsJSON(t *testing.T) {
-	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &configpkg.CliConfig{
-		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: brand.Feishu,
+	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{
+		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: core.BrandFeishu,
 	})

 	cmd := newTestApiCmd(f, nil)
@@ -214,8 +166,8 @@ func TestApiCmd_InvalidParamsJSON(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestApiValidArgsFunction(t *testing.T) {
-	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &configpkg.CliConfig{
-		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: brand.Feishu,
+	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{
+		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: core.BrandFeishu,
 	})

 	cmd := newTestApiCmd(f, nil)
@@ -280,8 +232,8 @@ func TestApiValidArgsFunction(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestNewCmdApi_StrictModeHidesAsFlag(t *testing.T) {
-	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &configpkg.CliConfig{
-		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: brand.Feishu, SupportedIdentities: 2,
+	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{
+		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: core.BrandFeishu, SupportedIdentities: 2,
 	})

 	cmd := newTestApiCmd(f, nil)
@@ -298,8 +250,8 @@ func TestNewCmdApi_StrictModeHidesAsFlag(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestApiCmd_PageLimitDefault(t *testing.T) {
-	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &configpkg.CliConfig{
-		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: brand.Feishu,
+	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{
+		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: core.BrandFeishu,
 	})

 	var gotOpts *APIOptions
@@ -318,8 +270,8 @@ func TestApiCmd_PageLimitDefault(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestApiCmd_ParamsAndDataBothStdinConflict(t *testing.T) {
-	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &configpkg.CliConfig{
-		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: brand.Feishu,
+	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{
+		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: core.BrandFeishu,
 	})

 	cmd := newTestApiCmd(f, nil)
@@ -334,8 +286,8 @@ func TestApiCmd_ParamsAndDataBothStdinConflict(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestApiCmd_OutputAndPageAllConflict(t *testing.T) {
-	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &configpkg.CliConfig{
-		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: brand.Feishu,
+	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{
+		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: core.BrandFeishu,
 	})

 	var gotOpts *APIOptions
@@ -354,11 +306,8 @@ func TestApiCmd_OutputAndPageAllConflict(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestApiCmd_BinaryResponse_AutoSave(t *testing.T) {
-	dir := t.TempDir()
-	cmdutil.TestChdir(t, dir)
-
-	f, stdout, stderr, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &configpkg.CliConfig{
-		AppID: "test-app-bin", AppSecret: "test-secret-bin", Brand: brand.Feishu,
+	f, stdout, stderr, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{
+		AppID: "test-app-bin", AppSecret: "test-secret-bin", Brand: core.BrandFeishu,
 	})

 	reg.Register(&httpmock.Stub{
@@ -376,39 +325,14 @@ func TestApiCmd_BinaryResponse_AutoSave(t *testing.T) {
 	if !strings.Contains(stderr.String(), "binary response detected") {
 		t.Error("expected binary response hint in stderr")
 	}
-	var got map[string]interface{}
-	if err := json.Unmarshal(stdout.Bytes(), &got); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("stdout is not JSON: %v\nstdout:\n%s", err, stdout.String())
-	}
-	savedPath, _ := got["saved_path"].(string)
-	if savedPath == "" {
-		t.Fatalf("saved_path missing from output: %#v", got)
-	}
-	// The file must land inside the temporary cwd — this pins the isolation
-	// contract: rolling back TestChdir would leave download.bin in the repo.
-	wantDir, err := filepath.EvalSymlinks(dir)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-	gotDir, err := filepath.EvalSymlinks(filepath.Dir(savedPath))
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("saved_path %q dir not resolvable: %v", savedPath, err)
-	}
-	if gotDir != wantDir {
-		t.Errorf("saved_path %q is outside temp cwd %q", savedPath, wantDir)
-	}
-	content, err := os.ReadFile(savedPath)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("read saved file: %v", err)
-	}
-	if string(content) != "fake-binary-content" {
-		t.Errorf("saved file content = %q, want %q", content, "fake-binary-content")
+	if !strings.Contains(stdout.String(), "saved_path") {
+		t.Error("expected saved_path in output")
 	}
 }

 func TestApiCmd_PageAll_NonBatchAPI_FallbackToJSON(t *testing.T) {
-	f, stdout, stderr, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &configpkg.CliConfig{
-		AppID: "test-app-pageall1", AppSecret: "test-secret-pageall1", Brand: brand.Feishu,
+	f, stdout, stderr, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{
+		AppID: "test-app-pageall1", AppSecret: "test-secret-pageall1", Brand: core.BrandFeishu,
 	})

 	// Register a non-batch API that returns scalar data (no array field)
@@ -451,8 +375,8 @@ func TestApiCmd_PageAll_NonBatchAPI_FallbackToJSON(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestApiCmd_PageAll_NonBatchAPI_ErrorStillOutputsJSON(t *testing.T) {
-	f, stdout, _, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &configpkg.CliConfig{
-		AppID: "test-app-pageall-err", AppSecret: "test-secret-pageall-err", Brand: brand.Feishu,
+	f, stdout, _, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{
+		AppID: "test-app-pageall-err", AppSecret: "test-secret-pageall-err", Brand: core.BrandFeishu,
 	})

 	// Non-batch API that returns a business error (code != 0)
@@ -488,8 +412,8 @@ func TestApiCmd_PageAll_NonBatchAPI_ErrorStillOutputsJSON(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestApiCmd_PageAll_BatchAPI_StreamsItems(t *testing.T) {
-	f, stdout, stderr, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &configpkg.CliConfig{
-		AppID: "test-app-pageall2", AppSecret: "test-secret-pageall2", Brand: brand.Feishu,
+	f, stdout, stderr, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{
+		AppID: "test-app-pageall2", AppSecret: "test-secret-pageall2", Brand: core.BrandFeishu,
 	})

 	// Register a batch API that returns an array field
@@ -521,8 +445,8 @@ func TestApiCmd_PageAll_BatchAPI_StreamsItems(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestApiCmd_PageAll_StreamBusinessErrorDoesNotDumpJSON(t *testing.T) {
-	f, stdout, _, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &configpkg.CliConfig{
-		AppID: "test-app-pageall-stream-err", AppSecret: "test-secret-pageall-stream-err", Brand: brand.Feishu,
+	f, stdout, _, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{
+		AppID: "test-app-pageall-stream-err", AppSecret: "test-secret-pageall-stream-err", Brand: core.BrandFeishu,
 	})

 	reg.Register(&httpmock.Stub{
@@ -563,8 +487,8 @@ func TestApiCmd_PageAll_StreamBusinessErrorDoesNotDumpJSON(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestApiCmd_PageAll_BatchAPI_DefaultJSONEnvelope(t *testing.T) {
-	f, stdout, _, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &configpkg.CliConfig{
-		AppID: "test-app-pageall-json", AppSecret: "test-secret-pageall-json", Brand: brand.Feishu,
+	f, stdout, _, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{
+		AppID: "test-app-pageall-json", AppSecret: "test-secret-pageall-json", Brand: core.BrandFeishu,
 	})

 	reg.Register(&httpmock.Stub{
@@ -629,8 +553,8 @@ func TestApiCmd_PageAll_DefaultJSONRunsContentSafety(t *testing.T) {
 	extcs.Register(provider)
 	t.Cleanup(func() { extcs.Register(nil) })

-	f, stdout, _, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &configpkg.CliConfig{
-		AppID: "test-app-pageall-safety", AppSecret: "test-secret-pageall-safety", Brand: brand.Feishu,
+	f, stdout, _, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{
+		AppID: "test-app-pageall-safety", AppSecret: "test-secret-pageall-safety", Brand: core.BrandFeishu,
 	})

 	reg.Register(&httpmock.Stub{
@@ -680,8 +604,8 @@ func TestApiCmd_PageAll_StreamFormatRunsContentSafety(t *testing.T) {
 	extcs.Register(provider)
 	t.Cleanup(func() { extcs.Register(nil) })

-	f, stdout, stderr, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &configpkg.CliConfig{
-		AppID: "test-app-pageall-stream-safety", AppSecret: "test-secret-pageall-stream-safety", Brand: brand.Feishu,
+	f, stdout, stderr, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{
+		AppID: "test-app-pageall-stream-safety", AppSecret: "test-secret-pageall-stream-safety", Brand: core.BrandFeishu,
 	})

 	reg.Register(&httpmock.Stub{
@@ -725,8 +649,8 @@ func TestApiCmd_PageAll_StreamFormatBlockSkipsBlockedPage(t *testing.T) {
 	extcs.Register(provider)
 	t.Cleanup(func() { extcs.Register(nil) })

-	f, stdout, _, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &configpkg.CliConfig{
-		AppID: "test-app-pageall-stream-block", AppSecret: "test-secret-pageall-stream-block", Brand: brand.Feishu,
+	f, stdout, _, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{
+		AppID: "test-app-pageall-stream-block", AppSecret: "test-secret-pageall-stream-block", Brand: core.BrandFeishu,
 	})

 	reg.Register(&httpmock.Stub{
@@ -811,8 +735,8 @@ func TestNormalisePath_StripsQueryAndFragment(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestApiCmd_JqFlag_Parsing(t *testing.T) {
-	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &configpkg.CliConfig{
-		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: brand.Feishu,
+	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{
+		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: core.BrandFeishu,
 	})

 	var gotOpts *APIOptions
@@ -831,8 +755,8 @@ func TestApiCmd_JqFlag_Parsing(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestApiCmd_JqFlag_ShortForm(t *testing.T) {
-	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &configpkg.CliConfig{
-		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: brand.Feishu,
+	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{
+		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: core.BrandFeishu,
 	})

 	var gotOpts *APIOptions
@@ -851,8 +775,8 @@ func TestApiCmd_JqFlag_ShortForm(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestApiCmd_JqAndOutputConflict(t *testing.T) {
-	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &configpkg.CliConfig{
-		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: brand.Feishu,
+	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{
+		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: core.BrandFeishu,
 	})

 	cmd := newTestApiCmd(f, func(opts *APIOptions) error {
@@ -869,8 +793,8 @@ func TestApiCmd_JqAndOutputConflict(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestApiCmd_JqFilter_AppliesExpression(t *testing.T) {
-	f, stdout, _, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &configpkg.CliConfig{
-		AppID: "test-app-jq", AppSecret: "test-secret-jq", Brand: brand.Feishu,
+	f, stdout, _, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{
+		AppID: "test-app-jq", AppSecret: "test-secret-jq", Brand: core.BrandFeishu,
 	})

 	reg.Register(&httpmock.Stub{
@@ -903,8 +827,8 @@ func TestApiCmd_JqFilter_AppliesExpression(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestApiCmd_JqAndFormatConflict(t *testing.T) {
-	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &configpkg.CliConfig{
-		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: brand.Feishu,
+	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{
+		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: core.BrandFeishu,
 	})

 	cmd := newTestApiCmd(f, func(opts *APIOptions) error {
@@ -921,8 +845,8 @@ func TestApiCmd_JqAndFormatConflict(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestApiCmd_JqInvalidExpression(t *testing.T) {
-	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &configpkg.CliConfig{
-		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: brand.Feishu,
+	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{
+		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: core.BrandFeishu,
 	})

 	cmd := newTestApiCmd(f, func(opts *APIOptions) error {
@@ -939,8 +863,8 @@ func TestApiCmd_JqInvalidExpression(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestApiCmd_PageAll_WithJq(t *testing.T) {
-	f, stdout, _, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &configpkg.CliConfig{
-		AppID: "test-app-pjq", AppSecret: "test-secret-pjq", Brand: brand.Feishu,
+	f, stdout, _, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{
+		AppID: "test-app-pjq", AppSecret: "test-secret-pjq", Brand: core.BrandFeishu,
 	})

 	reg.Register(&httpmock.Stub{
@@ -970,8 +894,8 @@ func TestApiCmd_PageAll_WithJq(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestApiCmd_MethodUppercase(t *testing.T) {
-	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &configpkg.CliConfig{
-		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: brand.Feishu,
+	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{
+		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: core.BrandFeishu,
 	})

 	var gotOpts *APIOptions
@@ -990,8 +914,8 @@ func TestApiCmd_MethodUppercase(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestApiCmd_FileFlagParsing(t *testing.T) {
-	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &configpkg.CliConfig{
-		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: brand.Feishu,
+	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{
+		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: core.BrandFeishu,
 	})
 	var gotOpts *APIOptions
 	cmd := newTestApiCmd(f, func(opts *APIOptions) error {
@@ -1009,8 +933,8 @@ func TestApiCmd_FileFlagParsing(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestApiCmd_FileAndOutputConflict(t *testing.T) {
-	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &configpkg.CliConfig{
-		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: brand.Feishu,
+	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{
+		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: core.BrandFeishu,
 	})
 	cmd := newTestApiCmd(f, func(opts *APIOptions) error {
 		return apiRun(opts)
@@ -1026,8 +950,8 @@ func TestApiCmd_FileAndOutputConflict(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestApiCmd_FileWithGET(t *testing.T) {
-	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &configpkg.CliConfig{
-		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: brand.Feishu,
+	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{
+		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: core.BrandFeishu,
 	})
 	cmd := newTestApiCmd(f, func(opts *APIOptions) error {
 		return apiRun(opts)
@@ -1043,8 +967,8 @@ func TestApiCmd_FileWithGET(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestApiCmd_FileStdinConflictWithData(t *testing.T) {
-	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &configpkg.CliConfig{
-		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: brand.Feishu,
+	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{
+		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: core.BrandFeishu,
 	})
 	cmd := newTestApiCmd(f, func(opts *APIOptions) error {
 		return apiRun(opts)
@@ -1066,8 +990,8 @@ func TestApiCmd_DryRunWithFile(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}

-	f, stdout, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &configpkg.CliConfig{
-		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: brand.Feishu,
+	f, stdout, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{
+		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: core.BrandFeishu,
 	})
 	cmd := newTestApiCmd(f, nil)
 	cmd.SetArgs([]string{"POST", "/open-apis/im/v1/images", "--file", "image=" + tmpFile, "--data", `{"image_type":"message"}`, "--dry-run", "--as", "bot"})
@@ -1076,23 +1000,11 @@ func TestApiCmd_DryRunWithFile(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
 	}
 	out := stdout.String()
-	var env map[string]interface{}
-	if err := json.Unmarshal(stdout.Bytes(), &env); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("dry-run stdout is not JSON: %v\n%s", err, out)
+	if !strings.Contains(out, "image") {
+		t.Errorf("expected dry-run output to mention file field, got: %s", out)
 	}
-	if env["dry_run"] != true {
-		t.Fatalf("dry_run = %#v, want true", env["dry_run"])
-	}
-	data := env["data"].(map[string]interface{})
-	api := data["api"].([]interface{})
-	call := api[0].(map[string]interface{})
-	body := call["body"].(map[string]interface{})
-	file := body["file"].(map[string]interface{})
-	if file["field"] != "image" || file["path"] != tmpFile {
-		t.Fatalf("unexpected file dry-run body: %#v", body)
-	}
-	if strings.Contains(out, "=== Dry Run ===") {
-		t.Fatalf("stdout should not contain dry-run banner: %s", out)
+	if !strings.Contains(out, "Dry Run") {
+		t.Errorf("expected dry-run header, got: %s", out)
 	}
 }

@@ -1104,8 +1016,8 @@ func TestApiCmd_DryRunWithFile(t *testing.T) {
 // — there is no raw-payload passthrough; new Lark diagnostic fields require
 // a CLI release.
 func TestApiCmd_PermissionError_DerivesFirstClassFields(t *testing.T) {
-	f, _, _, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &configpkg.CliConfig{
-		AppID: "cli_test_perm", AppSecret: "secret", Brand: brand.Feishu,
+	f, _, _, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{
+		AppID: "cli_test_perm", AppSecret: "secret", Brand: core.BrandFeishu,
 	})

 	reg.Register(&httpmock.Stub{
@@ -1143,8 +1055,8 @@ func TestApiCmd_PermissionError_DerivesFirstClassFields(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestApiCmd_JsonFlag_Accepted(t *testing.T) {
-	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &configpkg.CliConfig{
-		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: brand.Feishu,
+	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{
+		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: core.BrandFeishu,
 	})

 	var gotOpts *APIOptions
@@ -1196,8 +1108,8 @@ func parseMultipartFilenames(t *testing.T, stub *httpmock.Stub) (map[string]stri
 }

 func TestApiCmd_FileUpload_PreservesFilename(t *testing.T) {
-	f, _, _, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &configpkg.CliConfig{
-		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: brand.Feishu,
+	f, _, _, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{
+		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: core.BrandFeishu,
 	})

 	dir := t.TempDir()
@@ -1225,8 +1137,8 @@ func TestApiCmd_FileUpload_PreservesFilename(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestApiCmd_FileUpload_FieldPrefixKeepsBasename(t *testing.T) {
-	f, _, _, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &configpkg.CliConfig{
-		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: brand.Feishu,
+	f, _, _, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{
+		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: core.BrandFeishu,
 	})

 	dir := t.TempDir()
@@ -1260,8 +1172,8 @@ func TestApiCmd_FileUpload_FieldPrefixKeepsBasename(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestApiCmd_FileUpload_WithDataFields(t *testing.T) {
-	f, _, _, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &configpkg.CliConfig{
-		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: brand.Feishu,
+	f, _, _, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{
+		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: core.BrandFeishu,
 	})

 	dir := t.TempDir()
@@ -1293,8 +1205,8 @@ func TestApiCmd_FileUpload_WithDataFields(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestApiCmd_FileUpload_StdinFallsBackToUnknown(t *testing.T) {
-	f, _, _, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &configpkg.CliConfig{
-		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: brand.Feishu,
+	f, _, _, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{
+		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: core.BrandFeishu,
 	})
 	f.IOStreams.In = bytes.NewReader([]byte("stdin-bytes"))

--- a/cmd/auth/auth.go
+++ b/cmd/auth/auth.go
@@ -16,8 +16,8 @@ import (

 	larkauth "github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/auth"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/errclass"
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/identity"
 )

 // NewCmdAuth creates the auth command with subcommands.
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ func getAppInfo(ctx context.Context, f *cmdutil.Factory, appId string) (*appInfo
 		HttpMethod:  http.MethodGet,
 		ApiPath:     larkauth.ApplicationInfoPath(appId),
 		QueryParams: queryParams,
-	}, identity.AsBot)
+	}, core.AsBot)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ func classifyAppInfoErr(rawBody []byte, code int, msg string, f *cmdutil.Factory
 	}
 	raw["code"] = code
 	raw["msg"] = msg
-	cc := errclass.ClassifyContext{Identity: string(identity.AsBot)}
+	cc := errclass.ClassifyContext{Identity: string(core.AsBot)}
 	if cfg, _ := f.Config(); cfg != nil {
 		cc.Brand = string(cfg.Brand)
 		cc.AppID = appId
--- a/cmd/auth/auth_test.go
+++ b/cmd/auth/auth_test.go
@@ -12,11 +12,10 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 	"testing"

-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/brand"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
 	extcred "github.com/larksuite/cli/extension/credential"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
-	configpkg "github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/config"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/credential"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/httpmock"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/output"
@@ -24,8 +23,8 @@ import (
 )

 func TestAuthLoginCmd_FlagParsing(t *testing.T) {
-	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &configpkg.CliConfig{
-		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: brand.Feishu,
+	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{
+		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: core.BrandFeishu,
 	})

 	var gotOpts *LoginOptions
@@ -47,8 +46,8 @@ func TestAuthLoginCmd_FlagParsing(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestAuthLoginCmd_HelpGuidesNonStreamingAgentsToSplitFlow(t *testing.T) {
-	f, stdout, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &configpkg.CliConfig{
-		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: brand.Feishu,
+	f, stdout, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{
+		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: core.BrandFeishu,
 	})

 	cmd := NewCmdAuthLogin(f, func(opts *LoginOptions) error { return nil })
@@ -73,8 +72,8 @@ func TestAuthLoginCmd_HelpGuidesNonStreamingAgentsToSplitFlow(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestAuthCheckCmd_FlagParsing(t *testing.T) {
-	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &configpkg.CliConfig{
-		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: brand.Feishu,
+	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{
+		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: core.BrandFeishu,
 	})

 	var gotOpts *CheckOptions
@@ -93,8 +92,8 @@ func TestAuthCheckCmd_FlagParsing(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestAuthCheckCmd_AcceptsJSONFlag(t *testing.T) {
-	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &configpkg.CliConfig{
-		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: brand.Feishu,
+	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{
+		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: core.BrandFeishu,
 	})

 	var gotOpts *CheckOptions
@@ -193,8 +192,8 @@ func TestAuthListCmd_AcceptsJSONFlag(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestAuthStatusCmd_FlagParsing(t *testing.T) {
-	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &configpkg.CliConfig{
-		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: brand.Feishu,
+	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{
+		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: core.BrandFeishu,
 	})

 	var gotOpts *StatusOptions
@@ -212,8 +211,8 @@ func TestAuthStatusCmd_FlagParsing(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestAuthStatusCmd_AcceptsJSONFlag(t *testing.T) {
-	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &configpkg.CliConfig{
-		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: brand.Feishu,
+	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{
+		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: core.BrandFeishu,
 	})

 	var gotOpts *StatusOptions
@@ -235,8 +234,8 @@ func TestAuthStatusCmd_AcceptsJSONFlag(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestAuthStatusCmd_VerifyFlag(t *testing.T) {
-	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &configpkg.CliConfig{
-		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: brand.Feishu,
+	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{
+		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: core.BrandFeishu,
 	})

 	var gotOpts *StatusOptions
@@ -337,8 +336,8 @@ func TestDomainFlagCompletion(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestAuthScopesCmd_FlagParsing(t *testing.T) {
-	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &configpkg.CliConfig{
-		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: brand.Feishu,
+	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{
+		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: core.BrandFeishu,
 	})

 	var gotOpts *ScopesOptions
@@ -357,8 +356,8 @@ func TestAuthScopesCmd_FlagParsing(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestAuthScopesCmd_JSONFlagForcesJSONFormat(t *testing.T) {
-	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &configpkg.CliConfig{
-		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: brand.Feishu,
+	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{
+		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: core.BrandFeishu,
 	})

 	var gotOpts *ScopesOptions
@@ -383,8 +382,8 @@ func TestAuthScopesCmd_JSONFlagForcesJSONFormat(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestAuthScopesRun_UsesTenantAccessTokenFromCredentialProvider(t *testing.T) {
-	f, _, _, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &configpkg.CliConfig{
-		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "", Brand: brand.Feishu,
+	f, _, _, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{
+		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "", Brand: core.BrandFeishu,
 	})
 	tokenResolver := &authScopesTokenResolver{}
 	f.Credential = credential.NewCredentialProvider(nil, nil, tokenResolver, nil)
@@ -439,8 +438,8 @@ func TestAuthScopesRun_UsesTenantAccessTokenFromCredentialProvider(t *testing.T)
 // getAppInfo classifies it as *errs.PermissionError carrying the server-
 // supplied MissingScopes — not a bare error wrapped as InternalError.
 func TestAuthScopesRun_LarkPermissionError_TypedAsPermissionError(t *testing.T) {
-	f, _, _, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &configpkg.CliConfig{
-		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: brand.Feishu,
+	f, _, _, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{
+		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: core.BrandFeishu,
 	})
 	tokenResolver := &authScopesTokenResolver{}
 	f.Credential = credential.NewCredentialProvider(nil, nil, tokenResolver, nil)
--- a/cmd/auth/check_test.go
+++ b/cmd/auth/check_test.go
@@ -9,10 +9,9 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 	"time"

-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/brand"
 	larkauth "github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/auth"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
-	configpkg "github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/config"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/output"
 	"github.com/zalando/go-keyring"
 )
@@ -24,8 +23,8 @@ import (
 // branch. These tests pin that contract end-to-end through the dispatcher.

 func TestAuthCheckRun_NotLoggedIn_ExitOneWithStdoutOnly(t *testing.T) {
-	f, stdout, stderr, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &configpkg.CliConfig{
-		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: brand.Feishu,
+	f, stdout, stderr, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{
+		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: core.BrandFeishu,
 		// UserOpenId left empty: triggers the not_logged_in branch.
 	})

@@ -56,8 +55,8 @@ func TestAuthCheckRun_NotLoggedIn_ExitOneWithStdoutOnly(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestAuthCheckRun_NoStoredToken_ExitOneWithStdoutOnly(t *testing.T) {
-	f, stdout, stderr, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &configpkg.CliConfig{
-		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: brand.Feishu,
+	f, stdout, stderr, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{
+		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: core.BrandFeishu,
 		UserOpenId: "ou_user", UserName: "tester",
 	})

@@ -93,10 +92,10 @@ func TestAuthCheckRun_ScopedTokenPresent_ExitZero(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Setenv("HOME", t.TempDir())
 	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_DATA_DIR", t.TempDir())

-	cfg := &configpkg.CliConfig{
+	cfg := &core.CliConfig{
 		AppID:      "test-app",
 		AppSecret:  "test-secret",
-		Brand:      brand.Feishu,
+		Brand:      core.BrandFeishu,
 		UserOpenId: "ou_user",
 		UserName:   "tester",
 	}
@@ -151,8 +150,8 @@ func TestAuthCheckRun_EmptyScopeIsValidationError(t *testing.T) {
 	// Scope validation is a real input error, not a predicate negative
 	// answer — it must surface as a typed ValidationError with the normal
 	// stderr envelope, distinct from the silent ErrBare predicate path.
-	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &configpkg.CliConfig{
-		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: brand.Feishu,
+	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{
+		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: core.BrandFeishu,
 	})

 	err := authCheckRun(&CheckOptions{Factory: f, Scope: "   "})
--- a/cmd/auth/list.go
+++ b/cmd/auth/list.go
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
 	larkauth "github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/auth"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
-	configpkg "github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/config"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/output"
 )

@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ func NewCmdAuthList(f *cmdutil.Factory, runF func(*ListOptions) error) *cobra.Co
 func authListRun(opts *ListOptions) error {
 	f := opts.Factory

-	multi, _ := configpkg.LoadMultiAppConfig()
+	multi, _ := core.LoadMultiAppConfig()
 	if multi == nil || len(multi.Apps) == 0 {
 		if opts.JSON {
 			output.PrintJson(f.IOStreams.Out, map[string]interface{}{
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ func authListRun(opts *ListOptions) error {
 		// workspace-aware, so we pull the message+hint out of
 		// NotConfiguredError() instead of hard-coding it.
 		var cfgErr *errs.ConfigError
-		if errors.As(configpkg.NotConfiguredError(), &cfgErr) {
+		if errors.As(core.NotConfiguredError(), &cfgErr) {
 			fmt.Fprintln(f.IOStreams.ErrOut, cfgErr.Message)
 			if cfgErr.Hint != "" {
 				fmt.Fprintln(f.IOStreams.ErrOut, "  hint: "+cfgErr.Hint)
--- a/cmd/auth/list_test.go
+++ b/cmd/auth/list_test.go
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import (
 	"testing"

 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/workspace"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
 )

 // TestAuthListRun_NotConfigured_ReturnsExitZero pins the contract that
@@ -69,9 +69,9 @@ func TestAuthListRun_JSONMode_NotConfigured_WritesStdoutOnly(t *testing.T) {
 func TestAuthListRun_NotConfigured_AgentWorkspace_RoutesToBindHelp(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", t.TempDir())

-	prev := workspace.CurrentWorkspace()
-	t.Cleanup(func() { workspace.SetCurrentWorkspace(prev) })
-	workspace.SetCurrentWorkspace(workspace.WorkspaceOpenClaw)
+	prev := core.CurrentWorkspace()
+	t.Cleanup(func() { core.SetCurrentWorkspace(prev) })
+	core.SetCurrentWorkspace(core.WorkspaceOpenClaw)

 	f, _, stderr, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, nil)
 	if err := authListRun(&ListOptions{Factory: f}); err != nil {
--- a/cmd/auth/login.go
+++ b/cmd/auth/login.go
@@ -13,14 +13,12 @@ import (

 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"

-	brandpkg "github.com/larksuite/cli/brand"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"

 	larkauth "github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/auth"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
-	configpkg "github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/config"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/i18n"
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/identity"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/output"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/registry"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/shortcuts"
@@ -57,7 +55,7 @@ send the verification URL (or QR code) to the user as your final message, end th
 run --device-code in a later step after the user confirms authorization. Use 'lark-cli auth qrcode'
 to generate QR codes (supports ASCII and PNG formats).`,
 		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
-			if mode := f.ResolveStrictMode(cmd.Context()); mode == identity.StrictModeBot {
+			if mode := f.ResolveStrictMode(cmd.Context()); mode == core.StrictModeBot {
 				return errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument,
 					"strict mode is %q, user login is disabled in this profile", mode).
 					WithHint("if the user explicitly wants to switch to user identity, see `lark-cli config strict-mode --help` (confirm with the user before switching; switching does NOT require re-bind)")
@@ -74,7 +72,7 @@ to generate QR codes (supports ASCII and PNG formats).`,

 	cmd.Flags().StringVar(&opts.Scope, "scope", "", "scopes to request (space- or comma-separated). Combines additively with --domain/--recommend")
 	cmd.Flags().BoolVar(&opts.Recommend, "recommend", false, "request only recommended (auto-approve) scopes")
-	var helpBrand brandpkg.Brand
+	var helpBrand core.LarkBrand
 	if f != nil && f.Config != nil {
 		if cfg, err := f.Config(); err == nil && cfg != nil {
 			helpBrand = cfg.Brand
@@ -127,7 +125,7 @@ func authLoginRun(opts *LoginOptions) error {

 	// Determine UI language from saved config
 	var lang i18n.Lang
-	if multi, _ := configpkg.LoadMultiAppConfig(); multi != nil {
+	if multi, _ := core.LoadMultiAppConfig(); multi != nil {
 		if app := multi.FindApp(config.ProfileName); app != nil {
 			lang = app.Lang
 		}
@@ -267,7 +265,7 @@ func authLoginRun(opts *LoginOptions) error {
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	authResp, err := larkauth.RequestDeviceAuthorization(httpClient, config.AppID, config.AppSecret, config.Brand, finalScope, f.IOStreams.ErrOut)
+	authResp, err := larkauth.RequestDeviceAuthorization(opts.Ctx, httpClient, larkauth.ClientAuthFromConfig(config), config.Brand, finalScope, f.IOStreams.ErrOut)
 	if err != nil {
 		return errs.NewAuthenticationError(errs.SubtypeUnknown, "device authorization failed: %v", err).WithCause(err)
 	}
@@ -327,7 +325,7 @@ func authLoginRun(opts *LoginOptions) error {

 	// Step 3: Poll for token
 	log(msg.WaitingAuth)
-	result := pollDeviceToken(opts.Ctx, httpClient, config.AppID, config.AppSecret, config.Brand,
+	result := pollDeviceToken(opts.Ctx, httpClient, larkauth.ClientAuthFromConfig(config), config.Brand,
 		authResp.DeviceCode, authResp.Interval, authResp.ExpiresIn, f.IOStreams.ErrOut)

 	if !result.OK {
@@ -393,7 +391,7 @@ func authLoginRun(opts *LoginOptions) error {

 // authLoginPollDeviceCode resumes the device flow by polling with a device code
 // obtained from a previous --no-wait call.
-func authLoginPollDeviceCode(opts *LoginOptions, config *configpkg.CliConfig, msg *loginMsg, log func(string, ...interface{})) error {
+func authLoginPollDeviceCode(opts *LoginOptions, config *core.CliConfig, msg *loginMsg, log func(string, ...interface{})) error {
 	f := opts.Factory

 	httpClient, err := f.HttpClient()
@@ -417,7 +415,7 @@ func authLoginPollDeviceCode(opts *LoginOptions, config *configpkg.CliConfig, ms
 		fmt.Fprintln(f.IOStreams.ErrOut, msg.AgentTimeoutHint)
 	}
 	log(msg.WaitingAuth)
-	result := pollDeviceToken(opts.Ctx, httpClient, config.AppID, config.AppSecret, config.Brand,
+	result := pollDeviceToken(opts.Ctx, httpClient, larkauth.ClientAuthFromConfig(config), config.Brand,
 		opts.DeviceCode, 5, 600, f.IOStreams.ErrOut)

 	if !result.OK {
@@ -476,7 +474,7 @@ func authLoginPollDeviceCode(opts *LoginOptions, config *configpkg.CliConfig, ms

 // syncLoginUserToProfile persists the logged-in user info into the named profile.
 func syncLoginUserToProfile(profileName, appID, openID, userName string) error {
-	multi, err := configpkg.LoadMultiAppConfig()
+	multi, err := core.LoadMultiAppConfig()
 	if err != nil {
 		return errs.NewInternalError(errs.SubtypeStorage, "load config: %v", err).WithCause(err)
 	}
@@ -486,9 +484,9 @@ func syncLoginUserToProfile(profileName, appID, openID, userName string) error {
 		return errs.NewConfigError(errs.SubtypeNotConfigured, "profile %q not found in config", profileName)
 	}

-	oldUsers := append([]configpkg.AppUser(nil), app.Users...)
-	app.Users = []configpkg.AppUser{{UserOpenId: openID, UserName: userName}}
-	if err := configpkg.SaveMultiAppConfig(multi); err != nil {
+	oldUsers := append([]core.AppUser(nil), app.Users...)
+	app.Users = []core.AppUser{{UserOpenId: openID, UserName: userName}}
+	if err := core.SaveMultiAppConfig(multi); err != nil {
 		return errs.NewInternalError(errs.SubtypeStorage, "save config: %v", err).WithCause(err)
 	}

@@ -501,7 +499,7 @@ func syncLoginUserToProfile(profileName, appID, openID, userName string) error {
 }

 // findProfileByName returns the AppConfig matching profileName, or nil.
-func findProfileByName(multi *configpkg.MultiAppConfig, profileName string) *configpkg.AppConfig {
+func findProfileByName(multi *core.MultiAppConfig, profileName string) *core.AppConfig {
 	for i := range multi.Apps {
 		if multi.Apps[i].ProfileName() == profileName {
 			return &multi.Apps[i]
@@ -514,7 +512,7 @@ func findProfileByName(multi *configpkg.MultiAppConfig, profileName string) *con
 // shortcut scopes for the given domain names.
 // Domains with auth_domain children are automatically expanded to include
 // their children's scopes.
-func collectScopesForDomains(domains []string, identity string, brand brandpkg.Brand) []string {
+func collectScopesForDomains(domains []string, identity string, brand core.LarkBrand) []string {
 	scopeSet := make(map[string]bool)

 	// 1. API scopes from from_meta projects
@@ -555,7 +553,7 @@ func collectScopesForDomains(domains []string, identity string, brand brandpkg.B
 // allKnownDomains returns all valid auth domain names (from_meta projects +
 // shortcut services), excluding domains that have auth_domain set (they are
 // folded into their parent domain).
-func allKnownDomains(brand brandpkg.Brand) map[string]bool {
+func allKnownDomains(brand core.LarkBrand) map[string]bool {
 	domains := make(map[string]bool)
 	for _, p := range registry.ListFromMetaProjects() {
 		if !registry.HasAuthDomain(p) {
@@ -574,7 +572,7 @@ func allKnownDomains(brand brandpkg.Brand) map[string]bool {
 }

 // sortedKnownDomains returns all valid domain names sorted alphabetically.
-func sortedKnownDomains(brand brandpkg.Brand) []string {
+func sortedKnownDomains(brand core.LarkBrand) []string {
 	m := allKnownDomains(brand)
 	domains := make([]string, 0, len(m))
 	for d := range m {
--- a/cmd/auth/login_brand_filter_test.go
+++ b/cmd/auth/login_brand_filter_test.go
@@ -6,26 +6,26 @@ package auth
 import (
 	"testing"

-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/brand"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
 )

 func TestBrandFilter_AppsExcludedOnLark(t *testing.T) {
-	feishuDomains := allKnownDomains(brand.Feishu)
+	feishuDomains := allKnownDomains(core.BrandFeishu)
 	if !feishuDomains["apps"] {
 		t.Errorf("expected apps domain to be known on Feishu brand")
 	}

-	larkDomains := allKnownDomains(brand.Lark)
+	larkDomains := allKnownDomains(core.BrandLark)
 	if larkDomains["apps"] {
 		t.Errorf("expected apps domain to be EXCLUDED on Lark brand")
 	}

-	feishuScopes := collectScopesForDomains([]string{"apps"}, "user", brand.Feishu)
+	feishuScopes := collectScopesForDomains([]string{"apps"}, "user", core.BrandFeishu)
 	if len(feishuScopes) == 0 {
 		t.Errorf("expected non-empty scopes for apps on Feishu brand, got %d", len(feishuScopes))
 	}

-	larkScopes := collectScopesForDomains([]string{"apps"}, "user", brand.Lark)
+	larkScopes := collectScopesForDomains([]string{"apps"}, "user", core.BrandLark)
 	if len(larkScopes) != 0 {
 		t.Errorf("expected empty scopes for apps on Lark brand, got %d: %v", len(larkScopes), larkScopes)
 	}
--- a/cmd/auth/login_config_test.go
+++ b/cmd/auth/login_config_test.go
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 	"testing"

-	configpkg "github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/config"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
 )

 func setupLoginConfigDir(t *testing.T) {
@@ -17,22 +17,22 @@ func setupLoginConfigDir(t *testing.T) {

 func TestSyncLoginUserToProfile_UpdatesOnlyTargetProfile(t *testing.T) {
 	setupLoginConfigDir(t)
-	multi := &configpkg.MultiAppConfig{
+	multi := &core.MultiAppConfig{
 		CurrentApp: "target",
-		Apps: []configpkg.AppConfig{
+		Apps: []core.AppConfig{
 			{
 				Name:  "target",
 				AppId: "app-target",
-				Users: []configpkg.AppUser{{UserOpenId: "ou_old", UserName: "old"}},
+				Users: []core.AppUser{{UserOpenId: "ou_old", UserName: "old"}},
 			},
 			{
 				Name:  "other",
 				AppId: "app-other",
-				Users: []configpkg.AppUser{{UserOpenId: "ou_other", UserName: "other"}},
+				Users: []core.AppUser{{UserOpenId: "ou_other", UserName: "other"}},
 			},
 		},
 	}
-	if err := configpkg.SaveMultiAppConfig(multi); err != nil {
+	if err := core.SaveMultiAppConfig(multi); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("SaveMultiAppConfig() error = %v", err)
 	}

@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ func TestSyncLoginUserToProfile_UpdatesOnlyTargetProfile(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("syncLoginUserToProfile() error = %v", err)
 	}

-	saved, err := configpkg.LoadMultiAppConfig()
+	saved, err := core.LoadMultiAppConfig()
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("LoadMultiAppConfig() error = %v", err)
 	}
@@ -54,13 +54,13 @@ func TestSyncLoginUserToProfile_UpdatesOnlyTargetProfile(t *testing.T) {

 func TestSyncLoginUserToProfile_ProfileNotFoundReturnsError(t *testing.T) {
 	setupLoginConfigDir(t)
-	multi := &configpkg.MultiAppConfig{
-		Apps: []configpkg.AppConfig{{
+	multi := &core.MultiAppConfig{
+		Apps: []core.AppConfig{{
 			Name:  "default",
 			AppId: "app-default",
 		}},
 	}
-	if err := configpkg.SaveMultiAppConfig(multi); err != nil {
+	if err := core.SaveMultiAppConfig(multi); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("SaveMultiAppConfig() error = %v", err)
 	}

--- a/cmd/auth/login_interactive.go
+++ b/cmd/auth/login_interactive.go
@@ -10,9 +10,9 @@ import (

 	"github.com/charmbracelet/huh"

-	brandpkg "github.com/larksuite/cli/brand"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/output"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/registry"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/shortcuts"
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ func buildDomainMeta(name, lang string) domainMeta {
 }

 // runInteractiveLogin shows an interactive TUI form for domain and permission selection.
-func runInteractiveLogin(ios *cmdutil.IOStreams, lang string, msg *loginMsg, brand brandpkg.Brand) (*interactiveResult, error) {
+func runInteractiveLogin(ios *cmdutil.IOStreams, lang string, msg *loginMsg, brand core.LarkBrand) (*interactiveResult, error) {
 	allDomains := getDomainMetadata(lang)

 	// Build multi-select options
--- a/cmd/auth/login_messages.go
+++ b/cmd/auth/login_messages.go
@@ -128,5 +128,5 @@ func getLoginMsg(lang i18n.Lang) *loginMsg {
 // (not backed by from_meta service specs). Descriptions are now centralized in
 // service_descriptions.json.
 func getShortcutOnlyDomainNames() []string {
-	return []string{"application", "base", "contact", "docs", "markdown", "apps", "note"}
+	return []string{"base", "contact", "docs", "markdown", "apps", "note"}
 }
--- a/cmd/auth/login_scope_cache.go
+++ b/cmd/auth/login_scope_cache.go
@@ -11,9 +11,9 @@ import (
 	"regexp"

 	larkauth "github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/auth"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/validate"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/vfs"
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/workspace"
 )

 var loginScopeCacheSafeChars = regexp.MustCompile(`[^a-zA-Z0-9._-]`)
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ type loginScopeCacheRecord struct {
 // loginScopeCacheDir returns the directory used to persist auth login --no-wait
 // requested scopes keyed by device_code.
 func loginScopeCacheDir() string {
-	return filepath.Join(workspace.GetConfigDir(), "cache", "auth_login_scopes")
+	return filepath.Join(core.GetConfigDir(), "cache", "auth_login_scopes")
 }

 // loginScopeCachePath returns the cache file path for a given device_code.
--- a/cmd/auth/login_strict_test.go
+++ b/cmd/auth/login_strict_test.go
@@ -9,11 +9,11 @@ import (

 	extcred "github.com/larksuite/cli/extension/credential"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
-	configpkg "github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/config"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
 )

 func TestAuthLogin_StrictModeBot_Blocked(t *testing.T) {
-	cfg := &configpkg.CliConfig{
+	cfg := &core.CliConfig{
 		AppID: "a", AppSecret: "s",
 		SupportedIdentities: uint8(extcred.SupportsBot),
 	}
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ func TestAuthLogin_StrictModeBot_Blocked(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestAuthLogin_StrictModeUser_Allowed(t *testing.T) {
-	cfg := &configpkg.CliConfig{
+	cfg := &core.CliConfig{
 		AppID: "a", AppSecret: "s",
 		SupportedIdentities: uint8(extcred.SupportsUser),
 	}
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ func TestAuthLogin_StrictModeUser_Allowed(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestAuthLogin_StrictModeOff_Allowed(t *testing.T) {
-	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &configpkg.CliConfig{AppID: "a", AppSecret: "s"})
+	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{AppID: "a", AppSecret: "s"})

 	var called bool
 	cmd := NewCmdAuthLogin(f, func(opts *LoginOptions) error {
--- a/cmd/auth/login_test.go
+++ b/cmd/auth/login_test.go
@@ -14,10 +14,9 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 	"testing"

-	brandpkg "github.com/larksuite/cli/brand"
 	larkauth "github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/auth"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
-	configpkg "github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/config"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/httpmock"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/output"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/registry"
@@ -309,8 +308,8 @@ func TestGetDomainMetadata_HasTitleAndDescription(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestAuthLoginRun_NonTerminal_NoFlags_RejectsWithHint(t *testing.T) {
-	f, _, stderr, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &configpkg.CliConfig{
-		AppID: "cli_test", AppSecret: "secret", Brand: brandpkg.Feishu,
+	f, _, stderr, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{
+		AppID: "cli_test", AppSecret: "secret", Brand: core.BrandFeishu,
 	})
 	// TestFactory has IsTerminal=false by default
 	opts := &LoginOptions{Factory: f, Ctx: context.Background()}
@@ -601,21 +600,21 @@ func TestAuthLoginRun_MissingRequestedScopeAlignsWithLoginSuccess(t *testing.T)
 	setupLoginConfigDir(t)
 	t.Setenv("HOME", t.TempDir())

-	multi := &configpkg.MultiAppConfig{
+	multi := &core.MultiAppConfig{
 		CurrentApp: "default",
-		Apps: []configpkg.AppConfig{
+		Apps: []core.AppConfig{
 			{Name: "default", AppId: "cli_test"},
 		},
 	}
-	if err := configpkg.SaveMultiAppConfig(multi); err != nil {
+	if err := core.SaveMultiAppConfig(multi); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("SaveMultiAppConfig() error = %v", err)
 	}

-	f, _, stderr, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &configpkg.CliConfig{
+	f, _, stderr, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{
 		ProfileName: "default",
 		AppID:       "cli_test",
 		AppSecret:   "secret",
-		Brand:       brandpkg.Feishu,
+		Brand:       core.BrandFeishu,
 	})

 	reg.Register(&httpmock.Stub{
@@ -697,7 +696,7 @@ func TestAuthLoginRun_MissingRequestedScopeAlignsWithLoginSuccess(t *testing.T)
 	if stored.Scope != "offline_access" {
 		t.Fatalf("stored scope = %q", stored.Scope)
 	}
-	cfg, err := configpkg.LoadMultiAppConfig()
+	cfg, err := core.LoadMultiAppConfig()
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("LoadMultiAppConfig() error = %v", err)
 	}
@@ -717,21 +716,21 @@ func TestAuthLoginRun_DeviceCodeUsesCachedRequestedScopes(t *testing.T) {
 	setupLoginConfigDir(t)
 	t.Setenv("HOME", t.TempDir())

-	multi := &configpkg.MultiAppConfig{
+	multi := &core.MultiAppConfig{
 		CurrentApp: "default",
-		Apps: []configpkg.AppConfig{
+		Apps: []core.AppConfig{
 			{Name: "default", AppId: "cli_test"},
 		},
 	}
-	if err := configpkg.SaveMultiAppConfig(multi); err != nil {
+	if err := core.SaveMultiAppConfig(multi); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("SaveMultiAppConfig() error = %v", err)
 	}

-	f, stdout, stderr, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &configpkg.CliConfig{
+	f, stdout, stderr, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{
 		ProfileName: "default",
 		AppID:       "cli_test",
 		AppSecret:   "secret",
-		Brand:       brandpkg.Feishu,
+		Brand:       core.BrandFeishu,
 	})

 	reg.Register(&httpmock.Stub{
@@ -848,15 +847,15 @@ func TestAuthLoginRun_DeviceCodeTokenNilCleansScopeCache(t *testing.T) {

 	original := pollDeviceToken
 	t.Cleanup(func() { pollDeviceToken = original })
-	pollDeviceToken = func(ctx context.Context, httpClient *http.Client, appId, appSecret string, brand brandpkg.Brand, deviceCode string, interval, expiresIn int, errOut io.Writer) *larkauth.DeviceFlowResult {
+	pollDeviceToken = func(ctx context.Context, httpClient *http.Client, ca larkauth.ClientAuth, brand core.LarkBrand, deviceCode string, interval, expiresIn int, errOut io.Writer) *larkauth.DeviceFlowResult {
 		return &larkauth.DeviceFlowResult{OK: true, Token: nil}
 	}

-	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &configpkg.CliConfig{
+	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{
 		ProfileName: "default",
 		AppID:       "cli_test",
 		AppSecret:   "secret",
-		Brand:       brandpkg.Feishu,
+		Brand:       core.BrandFeishu,
 	})

 	err := authLoginRun(&LoginOptions{
@@ -887,15 +886,15 @@ func TestAuthLoginRun_JSONAbort_StdoutEventOnly_StderrEmpty(t *testing.T) {

 	original := pollDeviceToken
 	t.Cleanup(func() { pollDeviceToken = original })
-	pollDeviceToken = func(ctx context.Context, httpClient *http.Client, appId, appSecret string, brand brandpkg.Brand, deviceCode string, interval, expiresIn int, errOut io.Writer) *larkauth.DeviceFlowResult {
+	pollDeviceToken = func(ctx context.Context, httpClient *http.Client, ca larkauth.ClientAuth, brand core.LarkBrand, deviceCode string, interval, expiresIn int, errOut io.Writer) *larkauth.DeviceFlowResult {
 		return &larkauth.DeviceFlowResult{OK: false, Message: "user denied"}
 	}

-	f, stdout, stderr, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &configpkg.CliConfig{
+	f, stdout, stderr, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{
 		ProfileName: "default",
 		AppID:       "cli_test",
 		AppSecret:   "secret",
-		Brand:       brandpkg.Feishu,
+		Brand:       core.BrandFeishu,
 	})

 	reg.Register(&httpmock.Stub{
@@ -957,11 +956,11 @@ func TestAuthLoginRun_JSONAbort_StdoutEventOnly_StderrEmpty(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestAuthLoginRun_JSONWriteFailure_NoWaitReturnsWriterError(t *testing.T) {
-	f, _, _, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &configpkg.CliConfig{
+	f, _, _, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{
 		ProfileName: "default",
 		AppID:       "cli_test",
 		AppSecret:   "secret",
-		Brand:       brandpkg.Feishu,
+		Brand:       core.BrandFeishu,
 	})
 	f.IOStreams.Out = failWriter{}

@@ -994,11 +993,11 @@ func TestAuthLoginRun_JSONWriteFailure_NoWaitReturnsWriterError(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestAuthLoginRun_NoWaitJSONHintIncludesRawURLGuidance(t *testing.T) {
-	f, stdout, _, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &configpkg.CliConfig{
+	f, stdout, _, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{
 		ProfileName: "default",
 		AppID:       "cli_test",
 		AppSecret:   "secret",
-		Brand:       brandpkg.Feishu,
+		Brand:       core.BrandFeishu,
 	})

 	reg.Register(&httpmock.Stub{
@@ -1068,11 +1067,11 @@ func TestAuthLoginRun_NoWaitJSONHintIncludesRawURLGuidance(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestAuthLoginRun_JSONWriteFailure_DeviceAuthorizationReturnsWriterError(t *testing.T) {
-	f, _, _, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &configpkg.CliConfig{
+	f, _, _, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{
 		ProfileName: "default",
 		AppID:       "cli_test",
 		AppSecret:   "secret",
-		Brand:       brandpkg.Feishu,
+		Brand:       core.BrandFeishu,
 	})
 	f.IOStreams.Out = failWriter{}

@@ -1106,11 +1105,11 @@ func TestAuthLoginRun_JSONWriteFailure_DeviceAuthorizationReturnsWriterError(t *
 }

 func TestAuthLoginRun_JSONDeviceAuthorizationAgentHintIncludesRawURLGuidance(t *testing.T) {
-	f, stdout, _, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &configpkg.CliConfig{
+	f, stdout, _, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{
 		ProfileName: "default",
 		AppID:       "cli_test",
 		AppSecret:   "secret",
-		Brand:       brandpkg.Feishu,
+		Brand:       core.BrandFeishu,
 	})

 	reg.Register(&httpmock.Stub{
--- a/cmd/auth/logout.go
+++ b/cmd/auth/logout.go
@@ -11,9 +11,8 @@ import (
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
 	larkauth "github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/auth"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
-	configpkg "github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/config"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/output"
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/secret"
 )

 // LogoutOptions holds all inputs for auth logout.
@@ -45,7 +44,7 @@ func NewCmdAuthLogout(f *cmdutil.Factory, runF func(*LogoutOptions) error) *cobr
 func authLogoutRun(opts *LogoutOptions) error {
 	f := opts.Factory

-	multi, _ := configpkg.LoadMultiAppConfig()
+	multi, _ := core.LoadMultiAppConfig()
 	if multi == nil || len(multi.Apps) == 0 {
 		if opts.JSON {
 			output.PrintJson(f.IOStreams.Out, map[string]interface{}{
@@ -74,7 +73,7 @@ func authLogoutRun(opts *LogoutOptions) error {
 	}

 	httpClient, httpErr := f.HttpClient()
-	appSecret, secretErr := secret.ResolveSecretInput(app.AppSecret, f.Keychain)
+	appSecret, secretErr := core.ResolveSecretInput(app.AppSecret, f.Keychain)

 	for _, user := range app.Users {
 		if httpErr == nil && secretErr == nil {
@@ -95,8 +94,8 @@ func authLogoutRun(opts *LogoutOptions) error {
 		}
 	}

-	app.Users = []configpkg.AppUser{}
-	if err := configpkg.SaveMultiAppConfig(multi); err != nil {
+	app.Users = []core.AppUser{}
+	if err := core.SaveMultiAppConfig(multi); err != nil {
 		return errs.NewInternalError(errs.SubtypeStorage, "failed to save config: %v", err).WithCause(err)
 	}
 	if opts.JSON {
--- a/cmd/auth/logout_test.go
+++ b/cmd/auth/logout_test.go
@@ -9,24 +9,22 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 	"testing"

-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/brand"
 	larkauth "github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/auth"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
-	configpkg "github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/config"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/httpmock"
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/secret"
 	"github.com/zalando/go-keyring"
 )

-func writeLogoutConfig(t *testing.T, users []configpkg.AppUser) {
+func writeLogoutConfig(t *testing.T, users []core.AppUser) {
 	t.Helper()
-	if err := configpkg.SaveMultiAppConfig(&configpkg.MultiAppConfig{
+	if err := core.SaveMultiAppConfig(&core.MultiAppConfig{
 		CurrentApp: "test-app",
-		Apps: []configpkg.AppConfig{
+		Apps: []core.AppConfig{
 			{
 				AppId:     "test-app",
-				AppSecret: secret.PlainSecret("test-secret"),
-				Brand:     brand.Feishu,
+				AppSecret: core.PlainSecret("test-secret"),
+				Brand:     core.BrandFeishu,
 				Users:     users,
 			},
 		},
@@ -93,7 +91,7 @@ func TestAuthLogoutRun_JSONMode_Success_WritesStdoutOnly(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Setenv("HOME", t.TempDir())
 	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_DATA_DIR", t.TempDir())
 	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", t.TempDir())
-	writeLogoutConfig(t, []configpkg.AppUser{{UserOpenId: "ou_user", UserName: "tester"}})
+	writeLogoutConfig(t, []core.AppUser{{UserOpenId: "ou_user", UserName: "tester"}})
 	if err := larkauth.SetStoredToken(&larkauth.StoredUAToken{
 		AppId:      "test-app",
 		UserOpenId: "ou_user",
@@ -129,7 +127,7 @@ func TestAuthLogoutRun_DefaultMode_KeepsTextOutput(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Setenv("HOME", t.TempDir())
 	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_DATA_DIR", t.TempDir())
 	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", t.TempDir())
-	writeLogoutConfig(t, []configpkg.AppUser{{UserOpenId: "ou_user", UserName: "tester"}})
+	writeLogoutConfig(t, []core.AppUser{{UserOpenId: "ou_user", UserName: "tester"}})
 	if err := larkauth.SetStoredToken(&larkauth.StoredUAToken{
 		AppId:      "test-app",
 		UserOpenId: "ou_user",
@@ -155,19 +153,19 @@ func TestAuthLogoutRun_RevokesTokenAndClearsLocalState(t *testing.T) {
 	setupLoginConfigDir(t)
 	t.Setenv("HOME", t.TempDir())

-	multi := &configpkg.MultiAppConfig{
+	multi := &core.MultiAppConfig{
 		CurrentApp: "default",
-		Apps: []configpkg.AppConfig{
+		Apps: []core.AppConfig{
 			{
 				Name:      "default",
 				AppId:     "cli_test",
-				AppSecret: secret.PlainSecret("secret"),
-				Brand:     brand.Feishu,
-				Users:     []configpkg.AppUser{{UserOpenId: "ou_user", UserName: "tester"}},
+				AppSecret: core.PlainSecret("secret"),
+				Brand:     core.BrandFeishu,
+				Users:     []core.AppUser{{UserOpenId: "ou_user", UserName: "tester"}},
 			},
 		},
 	}
-	if err := configpkg.SaveMultiAppConfig(multi); err != nil {
+	if err := core.SaveMultiAppConfig(multi); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("SaveMultiAppConfig() error = %v", err)
 	}
 	if err := larkauth.SetStoredToken(&larkauth.StoredUAToken{
@@ -179,11 +177,11 @@ func TestAuthLogoutRun_RevokesTokenAndClearsLocalState(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("SetStoredToken() error = %v", err)
 	}

-	f, _, stderr, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &configpkg.CliConfig{
+	f, _, stderr, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{
 		ProfileName: "default",
 		AppID:       "cli_test",
 		AppSecret:   "secret",
-		Brand:       brand.Feishu,
+		Brand:       core.BrandFeishu,
 	})

 	reg.Register(&httpmock.Stub{
@@ -212,7 +210,7 @@ func TestAuthLogoutRun_RevokesTokenAndClearsLocalState(t *testing.T) {
 	if got := larkauth.GetStoredToken("cli_test", "ou_user"); got != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("expected stored token removed, got %#v", got)
 	}
-	saved, err := configpkg.LoadMultiAppConfig()
+	saved, err := core.LoadMultiAppConfig()
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("LoadMultiAppConfig() error = %v", err)
 	}
@@ -226,19 +224,19 @@ func TestAuthLogoutRun_FallsBackToAccessTokenWhenRefreshTokenMissing(t *testing.
 	setupLoginConfigDir(t)
 	t.Setenv("HOME", t.TempDir())

-	multi := &configpkg.MultiAppConfig{
+	multi := &core.MultiAppConfig{
 		CurrentApp: "default",
-		Apps: []configpkg.AppConfig{
+		Apps: []core.AppConfig{
 			{
 				Name:      "default",
 				AppId:     "cli_test",
-				AppSecret: secret.PlainSecret("secret"),
-				Brand:     brand.Feishu,
-				Users:     []configpkg.AppUser{{UserOpenId: "ou_user", UserName: "tester"}},
+				AppSecret: core.PlainSecret("secret"),
+				Brand:     core.BrandFeishu,
+				Users:     []core.AppUser{{UserOpenId: "ou_user", UserName: "tester"}},
 			},
 		},
 	}
-	if err := configpkg.SaveMultiAppConfig(multi); err != nil {
+	if err := core.SaveMultiAppConfig(multi); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("SaveMultiAppConfig() error = %v", err)
 	}
 	if err := larkauth.SetStoredToken(&larkauth.StoredUAToken{
@@ -249,11 +247,11 @@ func TestAuthLogoutRun_FallsBackToAccessTokenWhenRefreshTokenMissing(t *testing.
 		t.Fatalf("SetStoredToken() error = %v", err)
 	}

-	f, _, stderr, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &configpkg.CliConfig{
+	f, _, stderr, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{
 		ProfileName: "default",
 		AppID:       "cli_test",
 		AppSecret:   "secret",
-		Brand:       brand.Feishu,
+		Brand:       core.BrandFeishu,
 	})

 	reg.Register(&httpmock.Stub{
@@ -282,7 +280,7 @@ func TestAuthLogoutRun_FallsBackToAccessTokenWhenRefreshTokenMissing(t *testing.
 	if got := larkauth.GetStoredToken("cli_test", "ou_user"); got != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("expected stored token removed, got %#v", got)
 	}
-	saved, err := configpkg.LoadMultiAppConfig()
+	saved, err := core.LoadMultiAppConfig()
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("LoadMultiAppConfig() error = %v", err)
 	}
@@ -296,19 +294,19 @@ func TestAuthLogoutRun_RevokeFailureStillClearsLocalState(t *testing.T) {
 	setupLoginConfigDir(t)
 	t.Setenv("HOME", t.TempDir())

-	multi := &configpkg.MultiAppConfig{
+	multi := &core.MultiAppConfig{
 		CurrentApp: "default",
-		Apps: []configpkg.AppConfig{
+		Apps: []core.AppConfig{
 			{
 				Name:      "default",
 				AppId:     "cli_test",
-				AppSecret: secret.PlainSecret("secret"),
-				Brand:     brand.Feishu,
-				Users:     []configpkg.AppUser{{UserOpenId: "ou_user", UserName: "tester"}},
+				AppSecret: core.PlainSecret("secret"),
+				Brand:     core.BrandFeishu,
+				Users:     []core.AppUser{{UserOpenId: "ou_user", UserName: "tester"}},
 			},
 		},
 	}
-	if err := configpkg.SaveMultiAppConfig(multi); err != nil {
+	if err := core.SaveMultiAppConfig(multi); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("SaveMultiAppConfig() error = %v", err)
 	}
 	if err := larkauth.SetStoredToken(&larkauth.StoredUAToken{
@@ -320,11 +318,11 @@ func TestAuthLogoutRun_RevokeFailureStillClearsLocalState(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("SetStoredToken() error = %v", err)
 	}

-	f, _, stderr, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &configpkg.CliConfig{
+	f, _, stderr, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{
 		ProfileName: "default",
 		AppID:       "cli_test",
 		AppSecret:   "secret",
-		Brand:       brand.Feishu,
+		Brand:       core.BrandFeishu,
 	})

 	reg.Register(&httpmock.Stub{
@@ -348,7 +346,7 @@ func TestAuthLogoutRun_RevokeFailureStillClearsLocalState(t *testing.T) {
 	if got := larkauth.GetStoredToken("cli_test", "ou_user"); got != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("expected stored token removed, got %#v", got)
 	}
-	saved, err := configpkg.LoadMultiAppConfig()
+	saved, err := core.LoadMultiAppConfig()
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("LoadMultiAppConfig() error = %v", err)
 	}
--- a/cmd/auth/qrcode_test.go
+++ b/cmd/auth/qrcode_test.go
@@ -11,15 +11,14 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 	"testing"

-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/brand"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
-	configpkg "github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/config"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/output"
 )

 func TestNewCmdAuthQRCode_FlagParsing(t *testing.T) {
-	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &configpkg.CliConfig{
-		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: brand.Feishu,
+	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{
+		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: core.BrandFeishu,
 	})

 	var gotOpts *QRCodeOptions
@@ -46,8 +45,8 @@ func TestNewCmdAuthQRCode_FlagParsing(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestNewCmdAuthQRCode_ASCIIFlag(t *testing.T) {
-	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &configpkg.CliConfig{
-		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: brand.Feishu,
+	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{
+		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: core.BrandFeishu,
 	})

 	var gotOpts *QRCodeOptions
--- a/cmd/auth/scopes_test.go
+++ b/cmd/auth/scopes_test.go
@@ -9,10 +9,9 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"testing"

-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/brand"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
-	configpkg "github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/config"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
 )

 // stubGetAppInfoErr swaps getAppInfoFn for the duration of t so authScopesRun
@@ -32,10 +31,10 @@ func stubGetAppInfoErr(t *testing.T, errToReturn error) {
 // and reach the getAppInfoFn call.
 func scopesTestFactory(t *testing.T) *ScopesOptions {
 	t.Helper()
-	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &configpkg.CliConfig{
+	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{
 		AppID:     "test-app",
 		AppSecret: "test-secret",
-		Brand:     brand.Feishu,
+		Brand:     core.BrandFeishu,
 	})
 	return &ScopesOptions{
 		Factory: f,
--- a/cmd/auth/status_test.go
+++ b/cmd/auth/status_test.go
@@ -8,15 +8,14 @@ import (
 	"net/http"
 	"testing"

-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/brand"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
-	configpkg "github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/config"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/httpmock"
 )

 func TestAuthStatusRun_SplitsBotAndUserIdentity(t *testing.T) {
-	f, stdout, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &configpkg.CliConfig{
-		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "secret", Brand: brand.Feishu,
+	f, stdout, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{
+		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "secret", Brand: core.BrandFeishu,
 	})

 	if err := authStatusRun(&StatusOptions{Factory: f}); err != nil {
@@ -39,8 +38,8 @@ func TestAuthStatusRun_SplitsBotAndUserIdentity(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestAuthStatusRun_VerifyReportsBotIdentity(t *testing.T) {
-	f, stdout, _, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &configpkg.CliConfig{
-		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "secret", Brand: brand.Feishu,
+	f, stdout, _, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{
+		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "secret", Brand: core.BrandFeishu,
 	})
 	reg.Register(&httpmock.Stub{
 		Method: http.MethodGet,
--- a/cmd/auth/testmain_test.go
+++ b/cmd/auth/testmain_test.go
@@ -1,46 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
-
-package auth
-
-import (
-	"os"
-	"path/filepath"
-	"testing"
-
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/registry/registrytest"
-)
-
-// TestMain isolates auth command tests from the host machine: config, logs
-// and the registry cache are redirected to a temp dir, then the registry is
-// seeded from the tracked fixture and initialized eagerly. Domain-completion
-// tests read the registry, so without seeding a clean checkout would either
-// fail or trigger a remote metadata fetch.
-//
-// Note: os.Exit skips deferred functions, so cleanup runs explicitly after
-// m.Run before exiting.
-func TestMain(m *testing.M) {
-	root, err := os.MkdirTemp("", "lark-cli-cmd-auth-test-*")
-	if err != nil {
-		println("cmd/auth test setup: MkdirTemp failed:", err.Error())
-		os.Exit(2)
-	}
-	if err := os.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", filepath.Join(root, "config")); err != nil {
-		println("cmd/auth test setup: Setenv failed:", err.Error())
-		os.RemoveAll(root)
-		os.Exit(2)
-	}
-	if err := os.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_LOG_DIR", filepath.Join(root, "logs")); err != nil {
-		println("cmd/auth test setup: Setenv failed:", err.Error())
-		os.RemoveAll(root)
-		os.Exit(2)
-	}
-	if err := registrytest.Seed(root); err != nil {
-		println("cmd/auth test setup: registrytest.Seed failed:", err.Error())
-		os.RemoveAll(root)
-		os.Exit(2)
-	}
-	code := m.Run()
-	_ = os.RemoveAll(root)
-	os.Exit(code)
-}
--- a/cmd/build.go
+++ b/cmd/build.go
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ import (
 	"io"
 	"io/fs"

-	brandpkg "github.com/larksuite/cli/brand"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/cmd/api"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/cmd/auth"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/cmd/completion"
@@ -28,7 +27,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/hook"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/keychain"
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/registry"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/shortcuts"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 )
@@ -44,18 +42,6 @@ type buildConfig struct {
 	skipStrictMode bool
 	skipService    bool
 	serviceCatalog *apicatalog.Catalog
-	startupBrand   brandpkg.Brand
-}
-
-// WithStartupBrand initializes the API registry with the given brand before
-// any command registration touches the runtime catalog. Without it the
-// registry's sync.Once locks onto the Feishu default at first catalog access,
-// long before the lazily-resolved config brand is known — see
-// ResolveStartupBrand for the caller-side resolution.
-func WithStartupBrand(brand brandpkg.Brand) BuildOption {
-	return func(c *buildConfig) {
-		c.startupBrand = brand
-	}
 }

 // WithIO sets the IO streams for the CLI by wrapping raw reader/writers.
@@ -168,12 +154,6 @@ func buildInternal(ctx context.Context, inv cmdutil.InvocationContext, opts ...B
 		cfg.streams = cmdutil.SystemIO()
 	}

-	// Initialize the registry brand before anything touches the runtime
-	// catalog (its sync.Once would otherwise lock onto the Feishu default).
-	if cfg.startupBrand != "" {
-		registry.InitWithBrand(cfg.startupBrand)
-	}
-
 	f := cmdutil.NewDefault(cfg.streams, inv)
 	if cfg.keychain != nil {
 		f.Keychain = cfg.keychain
--- a/cmd/config/bind.go
+++ b/cmd/config/bind.go
@@ -14,15 +14,12 @@ import (

 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
-	configpkg "github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/config"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/i18n"
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/identity"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/keychain"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/output"
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/secret"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/validate"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/vfs"
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/workspace"
 )

 // BindOptions holds all inputs for config bind.
@@ -131,8 +128,8 @@ func configBindRun(opts *BindOptions) error {
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	workspace.SetCurrentWorkspace(workspace.Workspace(source))
-	targetConfigPath := workspace.GetConfigPath()
+	core.SetCurrentWorkspace(core.Workspace(source))
+	targetConfigPath := core.GetConfigPath()

 	existing, err := reconcileExistingBinding(opts, source, targetConfigPath)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -189,12 +186,12 @@ func finalizeSource(opts *BindOptions) (string, error) {
 	}

 	var detected string
-	switch workspace.DetectWorkspaceFromEnv(os.Getenv) {
-	case workspace.WorkspaceOpenClaw:
+	switch core.DetectWorkspaceFromEnv(os.Getenv) {
+	case core.WorkspaceOpenClaw:
 		detected = "openclaw"
-	case workspace.WorkspaceHermes:
+	case core.WorkspaceHermes:
 		detected = "hermes"
-	case workspace.WorkspaceLarkChannel:
+	case core.WorkspaceLarkChannel:
 		detected = "lark-channel"
 	}

@@ -267,7 +264,7 @@ func reconcileExistingBinding(opts *BindOptions, source, configPath string) (exi
 // enumerate candidates, pick one via the shared decision layer, and build a
 // ready-to-persist AppConfig. Adding a new bind source only requires
 // implementing SourceBinder — none of the logic below needs to change.
-func resolveAccount(opts *BindOptions, source string) (*configpkg.AppConfig, error) {
+func resolveAccount(opts *BindOptions, source string) (*core.AppConfig, error) {
 	binder, err := newBinder(source, opts)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
@@ -310,12 +307,12 @@ func resolveIdentity(opts *BindOptions) error {
 // the bind flow treats a corrupt previous config (commitBinding will
 // overwrite it cleanly).
 func hasStrictBotLock(data []byte) bool {
-	var multi configpkg.MultiAppConfig
+	var multi core.MultiAppConfig
 	if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &multi); err != nil {
 		return false
 	}
 	for _, app := range multi.Apps {
-		if app.StrictMode != nil && *app.StrictMode == identity.StrictModeBot {
+		if app.StrictMode != nil && *app.StrictMode == core.StrictModeBot {
 			return true
 		}
 	}
@@ -372,16 +369,16 @@ func preferredLang(requested, prior i18n.Lang) i18n.Lang {
 	return prior
 }

-func applyPreferences(appConfig *configpkg.AppConfig, opts *BindOptions, prior i18n.Lang) {
+func applyPreferences(appConfig *core.AppConfig, opts *BindOptions, prior i18n.Lang) {
 	switch opts.Identity {
 	case "bot-only":
-		sm := identity.StrictModeBot
+		sm := core.StrictModeBot
 		appConfig.StrictMode = &sm
-		appConfig.DefaultAs = identity.AsBot
+		appConfig.DefaultAs = core.AsBot
 	case "user-default":
-		sm := identity.StrictModeOff
+		sm := core.StrictModeOff
 		appConfig.StrictMode = &sm
-		appConfig.DefaultAs = identity.AsUser
+		appConfig.DefaultAs = core.AsUser
 	}
 	appConfig.Lang = preferredLang(i18n.Lang(opts.Lang), prior)
 }
@@ -392,7 +389,7 @@ func applyPreferences(appConfig *configpkg.AppConfig, opts *BindOptions, prior i
 // wrong profile's preference into a re-bind when the workspace holds multiple
 // named profiles and the active one disagrees with Apps[0].
 func priorLang(previousConfigBytes []byte) i18n.Lang {
-	var multi configpkg.MultiAppConfig
+	var multi core.MultiAppConfig
 	if json.Unmarshal(previousConfigBytes, &multi) != nil {
 		return ""
 	}
@@ -407,10 +404,16 @@ func priorLang(previousConfigBytes []byte) i18n.Lang {
 // any), and a JSON success envelope. Cleanup runs only after the new config
 // is durably written — if anything fails earlier, the old workspace stays
 // usable.
-func commitBinding(opts *BindOptions, appConfig *configpkg.AppConfig, previousConfigBytes []byte, source, configPath string) error {
-	multi := &configpkg.MultiAppConfig{Apps: []configpkg.AppConfig{*appConfig}}
+func commitBinding(opts *BindOptions, appConfig *core.AppConfig, previousConfigBytes []byte, source, configPath string) error {
+	multi := &core.MultiAppConfig{Apps: []core.AppConfig{*appConfig}}
+	if previousConfigBytes != nil {
+		var previous core.MultiAppConfig
+		if json.Unmarshal(previousConfigBytes, &previous) == nil {
+			multi.KeylessSignerCmd = previous.KeylessSignerCmd
+		}
+	}

-	if err := vfs.MkdirAll(workspace.GetConfigDir(), 0700); err != nil {
+	if err := vfs.MkdirAll(core.GetConfigDir(), 0700); err != nil {
 		return errs.NewInternalError(errs.SubtypeFileIO, "failed to create workspace directory: %v", err).WithCause(err)
 	}
 	data, err := json.MarshalIndent(multi, "", "  ")
@@ -479,8 +482,8 @@ func commitBinding(opts *BindOptions, appConfig *configpkg.AppConfig, previousCo
 // the secret that ForStorage just wrote (old and new secret share the same
 // keychain key, derived from appId). Best-effort: errors are silently
 // ignored (same contract as config init's cleanup).
-func cleanupKeychainFromData(kc keychain.KeychainAccess, data []byte, keep *configpkg.AppConfig) {
-	var multi configpkg.MultiAppConfig
+func cleanupKeychainFromData(kc keychain.KeychainAccess, data []byte, keep *core.AppConfig) {
+	var multi core.MultiAppConfig
 	if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &multi); err != nil {
 		return
 	}
@@ -492,7 +495,7 @@ func cleanupKeychainFromData(kc keychain.KeychainAccess, data []byte, keep *conf
 		if keepID != "" && app.AppSecret.Ref != nil && app.AppSecret.Ref.Source == "keychain" && app.AppSecret.Ref.ID == keepID {
 			continue
 		}
-		secret.RemoveSecretStore(app.AppSecret, kc)
+		core.RemoveSecretStore(app.AppSecret, kc)
 	}
 }

@@ -506,13 +509,13 @@ func tuiSelectSource(opts *BindOptions) (string, error) {
 	var source string

 	// Pre-select based on detected env signals
-	detected := workspace.DetectWorkspaceFromEnv(os.Getenv)
+	detected := core.DetectWorkspaceFromEnv(os.Getenv)
 	switch detected {
-	case workspace.WorkspaceOpenClaw:
+	case core.WorkspaceOpenClaw:
 		source = "openclaw"
-	case workspace.WorkspaceHermes:
+	case core.WorkspaceHermes:
 		source = "hermes"
-	case workspace.WorkspaceLarkChannel:
+	case core.WorkspaceLarkChannel:
 		source = "lark-channel"
 	default:
 		source = "openclaw" // default first option
@@ -585,7 +588,7 @@ func tuiConflictPrompt(opts *BindOptions, source, configPath string) (string, er
 	// Build existing binding summary
 	existingSummary := fmt.Sprintf(msg.ConflictDesc, source, "?", "?", configPath)
 	if data, err := vfs.ReadFile(configPath); err == nil {
-		var multi configpkg.MultiAppConfig
+		var multi core.MultiAppConfig
 		if json.Unmarshal(data, &multi) == nil && len(multi.Apps) > 0 {
 			app := multi.Apps[0]
 			existingSummary = fmt.Sprintf(msg.ConflictDesc,
--- a/cmd/config/bind_test.go
+++ b/cmd/config/bind_test.go
@@ -13,15 +13,11 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 	"testing"

-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/brand"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
-	configpkg "github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/config"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/i18n"
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/identity"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/output"
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/secret"
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/workspace"
 )

 // wantErrDetail is the normalized comparison shape for a typed error's wire
@@ -84,8 +80,8 @@ func assertEnvelope(t *testing.T, stdout []byte, want map[string]any) {
 // Must be called at the start of any test that may trigger configBindRun (which sets workspace).
 func saveWorkspace(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Helper()
-	orig := workspace.CurrentWorkspace()
-	t.Cleanup(func() { workspace.SetCurrentWorkspace(orig) })
+	orig := core.CurrentWorkspace()
+	t.Cleanup(func() { core.SetCurrentWorkspace(orig) })
 }

 // ── Command flag parsing tests (aligned with config_test.go pattern) ──
@@ -233,7 +229,7 @@ func TestConfigBindRun_EmptyLangIsNoOp(t *testing.T) {
 				t.Fatalf("configBindRun(--lang %q) = %v, want nil", tc.lang, err)
 			}

-			multi, err := configpkg.LoadMultiAppConfig()
+			multi, err := core.LoadMultiAppConfig()
 			if err != nil {
 				t.Fatalf("LoadMultiAppConfig: %v", err)
 			}
@@ -269,7 +265,7 @@ func TestConfigBindRun_OmitLangPreservesPrior(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("re-bind (no --lang): %v", err)
 	}

-	multi, err := configpkg.LoadMultiAppConfig()
+	multi, err := core.LoadMultiAppConfig()
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("LoadMultiAppConfig: %v", err)
 	}
@@ -278,14 +274,56 @@ func TestConfigBindRun_OmitLangPreservesPrior(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }

+func TestConfigBindRun_PreservesKeylessSignerCommand(t *testing.T) {
+	saveWorkspace(t)
+	configDir := t.TempDir()
+	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", configDir)
+	hermesHome := t.TempDir()
+	t.Setenv("HERMES_HOME", hermesHome)
+	if err := os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(hermesHome, ".env"), []byte("FEISHU_APP_ID=cli_abc\nFEISHU_APP_SECRET=test-secret"), 0600); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("write .env: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	hermesDir := filepath.Join(configDir, "hermes")
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(hermesDir, 0700); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("mkdir workspace config: %v", err)
+	}
+	previous := &core.MultiAppConfig{
+		KeylessSignerCmd: `/usr/local/bin/lark-keyless-signer`,
+		Apps: []core.AppConfig{{
+			AppId: "cli_old", AppSecret: core.PlainSecret("old-secret"), Brand: core.BrandFeishu,
+		}},
+	}
+	data, err := json.Marshal(previous)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("marshal previous config: %v", err)
+	}
+	if err := os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(hermesDir, "config.json"), data, 0600); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("write previous config: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, nil)
+	if err := configBindRun(&BindOptions{Factory: f, Source: "hermes"}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("configBindRun() error = %v", err)
+	}
+
+	multi, err := core.LoadMultiAppConfig()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("LoadMultiAppConfig() error = %v", err)
+	}
+	if multi.KeylessSignerCmd != previous.KeylessSignerCmd {
+		t.Fatalf("KeylessSignerCmd = %q, want preserved %q", multi.KeylessSignerCmd, previous.KeylessSignerCmd)
+	}
+}
+
 // TestPriorLang_RespectsCurrentApp guards against priorLang scanning all apps
 // and silently returning a non-current profile's Lang. In a multi-profile
 // workspace (set up via `profile add` before a re-bind), the active profile's
 // Lang must win over a sibling profile that happens to sit earlier in the slice.
 func TestPriorLang_RespectsCurrentApp(t *testing.T) {
-	multi := configpkg.MultiAppConfig{
+	multi := core.MultiAppConfig{
 		CurrentApp: "active",
-		Apps: []configpkg.AppConfig{
+		Apps: []core.AppConfig{
 			{Name: "stale", AppId: "cli_stale", Lang: i18n.LangJaJP},
 			{Name: "active", AppId: "cli_active", Lang: i18n.LangEnUS},
 		},
@@ -304,8 +342,8 @@ func TestPriorLang_RespectsCurrentApp(t *testing.T) {
 // so a bind-written config (which always has exactly one app and no
 // CurrentApp field) still inherits its Lang.
 func TestPriorLang_FallsBackToFirstAppWhenCurrentUnset(t *testing.T) {
-	multi := configpkg.MultiAppConfig{
-		Apps: []configpkg.AppConfig{
+	multi := core.MultiAppConfig{
+		Apps: []core.AppConfig{
 			{AppId: "cli_only", Lang: i18n.LangJaJP},
 		},
 	}
@@ -643,8 +681,8 @@ func TestConfigBindRun_LarkChannel_Success(t *testing.T) {
 	// Brand is not in the stdout envelope — read it back from the persisted
 	// workspace config to verify accounts.app.tenant flowed through to the
 	// stored AppConfig.Brand field.
-	workspace.SetCurrentWorkspace(workspace.WorkspaceLarkChannel)
-	multi, err := configpkg.LoadMultiAppConfig()
+	core.SetCurrentWorkspace(core.WorkspaceLarkChannel)
+	multi, err := core.LoadMultiAppConfig()
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("load workspace config: %v", err)
 	}
@@ -690,8 +728,8 @@ func TestConfigBindRun_LarkChannel_LarkTenant(t *testing.T) {
 	if err := configBindRun(&BindOptions{Factory: f, Source: "lark-channel"}); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("expected success, got error: %v", err)
 	}
-	workspace.SetCurrentWorkspace(workspace.WorkspaceLarkChannel)
-	multi, err := configpkg.LoadMultiAppConfig()
+	core.SetCurrentWorkspace(core.WorkspaceLarkChannel)
+	multi, err := core.LoadMultiAppConfig()
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("load workspace config: %v", err)
 	}
@@ -805,16 +843,16 @@ func TestConfigShowRun_WorkspaceField(t *testing.T) {
 	configDir := t.TempDir()
 	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", configDir)

-	workspace.SetCurrentWorkspace(workspace.WorkspaceLocal)
+	core.SetCurrentWorkspace(core.WorkspaceLocal)

-	multi := &configpkg.MultiAppConfig{
-		Apps: []configpkg.AppConfig{{
+	multi := &core.MultiAppConfig{
+		Apps: []core.AppConfig{{
 			AppId:     "cli_local_test",
-			AppSecret: secret.PlainSecret("secret"),
-			Brand:     brand.Feishu,
+			AppSecret: core.PlainSecret("secret"),
+			Brand:     core.BrandFeishu,
 		}},
 	}
-	if err := configpkg.SaveMultiAppConfig(multi); err != nil {
+	if err := core.SaveMultiAppConfig(multi); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("save: %v", err)
 	}

@@ -831,7 +869,7 @@ func TestConfigShowRun_AgentWorkspaceNotBound(t *testing.T) {
 	saveWorkspace(t)
 	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", t.TempDir())

-	workspace.SetCurrentWorkspace(workspace.WorkspaceOpenClaw)
+	core.SetCurrentWorkspace(core.WorkspaceOpenClaw)

 	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, nil)
 	err := configShowRun(&ConfigShowOptions{Factory: f})
@@ -920,6 +958,25 @@ func TestReadDotenv_ValueWithEquals(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }

+func TestNormalizeBrand(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		input string
+		want  string
+	}{
+		{"", "feishu"},
+		{"feishu", "feishu"},
+		{"lark", "lark"},
+		{"LARK", "lark"},
+		{" lark ", "lark"},
+		{"Lark", "lark"},
+	}
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		if got := normalizeBrand(tt.input); got != tt.want {
+			t.Errorf("normalizeBrand(%q) = %q, want %q", tt.input, got, tt.want)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 func TestResolveOpenClawConfigPath_Overrides(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Run("OPENCLAW_CONFIG_PATH wins", func(t *testing.T) {
 		custom := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "custom.json")
@@ -1002,7 +1059,7 @@ func TestConfigBindRun_HermesSuccess(t *testing.T) {
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("read config.json: %v", err)
 	}
-	var multi configpkg.MultiAppConfig
+	var multi core.MultiAppConfig
 	if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &multi); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("unmarshal config.json: %v", err)
 	}
@@ -1012,8 +1069,8 @@ func TestConfigBindRun_HermesSuccess(t *testing.T) {
 	if multi.Apps[0].AppId != "cli_hermes_abc" {
 		t.Errorf("appId = %q, want %q", multi.Apps[0].AppId, "cli_hermes_abc")
 	}
-	if multi.Apps[0].Brand != brand.Lark {
-		t.Errorf("brand = %q, want %q", multi.Apps[0].Brand, brand.Lark)
+	if multi.Apps[0].Brand != core.BrandLark {
+		t.Errorf("brand = %q, want %q", multi.Apps[0].Brand, core.BrandLark)
 	}
 }

@@ -1279,7 +1336,7 @@ func TestConfigBindRun_Identity_BotOnly_Applied(t *testing.T) {
 		"message":     fmt.Sprintf(msg.MessageBotOnly, "cli_abc", "Hermes", brandDisplay("feishu", "en")),
 	})
 	assertPresetApplied(t, filepath.Join(configDir, "hermes", "config.json"),
-		identity.StrictModeBot, identity.AsBot)
+		core.StrictModeBot, core.AsBot)
 }

 // TestConfigBindRun_FlagModeDefaultsToBotOnly verifies the flag-mode default
@@ -1314,7 +1371,7 @@ func TestConfigBindRun_FlagModeDefaultsToBotOnly(t *testing.T) {
 		"message":     fmt.Sprintf(msg.MessageBotOnly, "cli_abc", "Hermes", brandDisplay("feishu", "")),
 	})
 	assertPresetApplied(t, filepath.Join(configDir, "hermes", "config.json"),
-		identity.StrictModeBot, identity.AsBot)
+		core.StrictModeBot, core.AsBot)
 }

 // TestConfigBindRun_WarnsOnIdentityEscalationWithoutForce verifies the
@@ -1410,7 +1467,7 @@ func TestConfigBindRun_IdentityEscalationWithForceAllowed(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("expected --force to allow the escalation, got: %v", err)
 	}
 	assertPresetApplied(t, filepath.Join(hermesDir, "config.json"),
-		identity.StrictModeOff, identity.AsUser)
+		core.StrictModeOff, core.AsUser)
 }

 // TestConfigBindRun_AllowsRebindSameBotOnly verifies re-binding the same
@@ -1446,7 +1503,7 @@ func TestConfigBindRun_AllowsRebindSameBotOnly(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("expected rebind to same bot-only identity to succeed, got: %v", err)
 	}
 	assertPresetApplied(t, filepath.Join(hermesDir, "config.json"),
-		identity.StrictModeBot, identity.AsBot)
+		core.StrictModeBot, core.AsBot)
 }

 // TestConfigBindRun_AllowsUserDefaultOnUserDefaultConfig verifies that if the
@@ -1483,18 +1540,18 @@ func TestConfigBindRun_AllowsUserDefaultOnUserDefaultConfig(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("expected user-default→user-default rebind to succeed, got: %v", err)
 	}
 	assertPresetApplied(t, filepath.Join(hermesDir, "config.json"),
-		identity.StrictModeOff, identity.AsUser)
+		core.StrictModeOff, core.AsUser)
 }

 // assertPresetApplied verifies the on-disk config.json applied the identity
 // preset's StrictMode + DefaultAs expansion.
-func assertPresetApplied(t *testing.T, configPath string, wantStrict identity.StrictMode, wantDefault identity.Identity) {
+func assertPresetApplied(t *testing.T, configPath string, wantStrict core.StrictMode, wantDefault core.Identity) {
 	t.Helper()
 	data, err := os.ReadFile(configPath)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("read %s: %v", configPath, err)
 	}
-	var multi configpkg.MultiAppConfig
+	var multi core.MultiAppConfig
 	if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &multi); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("unmarshal %s: %v", configPath, err)
 	}
@@ -1791,10 +1848,10 @@ func TestCleanupKeychainFromData_KeepsSecretSharedWithNewApp(t *testing.T) {
 	}

 	oldConfig := []byte(`{"apps":[{"appId":"cli_shared","appSecret":{"source":"keychain","id":"` + sharedID + `"}}]}`)
-	newApp := &configpkg.AppConfig{
+	newApp := &core.AppConfig{
 		AppId: "cli_shared",
-		AppSecret: secret.SecretInput{
-			Ref: &secret.SecretRef{Source: "keychain", ID: sharedID},
+		AppSecret: core.SecretInput{
+			Ref: &core.SecretRef{Source: "keychain", ID: sharedID},
 		},
 	}

@@ -1821,10 +1878,10 @@ func TestCleanupKeychainFromData_RemovesStaleSecretWhenAppIDChanges(t *testing.T
 	}

 	oldConfig := []byte(`{"apps":[{"appId":"cli_old","appSecret":{"source":"keychain","id":"` + oldID + `"}}]}`)
-	newApp := &configpkg.AppConfig{
+	newApp := &core.AppConfig{
 		AppId: "cli_new",
-		AppSecret: secret.SecretInput{
-			Ref: &secret.SecretRef{Source: "keychain", ID: newID},
+		AppSecret: core.SecretInput{
+			Ref: &core.SecretRef{Source: "keychain", ID: newID},
 		},
 	}

--- a/cmd/config/binder.go
+++ b/cmd/config/binder.go
@@ -9,11 +9,9 @@ import (
 	"path/filepath"
 	"strings"

-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/brand"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
-	configpkg "github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/config"
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/openclawbind"
-	secretpkg "github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/secret"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/binding"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/vfs"
 )

@@ -38,7 +36,7 @@ type SourceBinder interface {
 	ListCandidates() ([]Candidate, error)
 	// Build resolves secrets, persists to keychain, and returns a ready AppConfig
 	// for the chosen candidate AppID. Must be called after ListCandidates succeeds.
-	Build(appID string) (*configpkg.AppConfig, error)
+	Build(appID string) (*core.AppConfig, error)
 }

 // newBinder constructs the SourceBinder for the given source name.
@@ -140,15 +138,15 @@ type openclawBinder struct {
 	path string

 	// Cached between ListCandidates and Build so we don't re-read / re-parse.
-	cfg     *openclawbind.OpenClawRoot
-	rawApps []openclawbind.CandidateApp
+	cfg     *binding.OpenClawRoot
+	rawApps []binding.CandidateApp
 }

 func (b *openclawBinder) Name() string       { return "openclaw" }
 func (b *openclawBinder) ConfigPath() string { return b.path }

 func (b *openclawBinder) ListCandidates() ([]Candidate, error) {
-	cfg, err := openclawbind.ReadOpenClawConfig(b.path)
+	cfg, err := binding.ReadOpenClawConfig(b.path)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, errs.NewConfigError(errs.SubtypeInvalidConfig, "cannot read %s: %v", b.path, err).
 			WithHint("verify OpenClaw is installed and configured").
@@ -159,7 +157,7 @@ func (b *openclawBinder) ListCandidates() ([]Candidate, error) {
 			WithHint("configure Feishu in OpenClaw first")
 	}

-	raw := openclawbind.ListCandidateApps(cfg.Channels.Feishu)
+	raw := binding.ListCandidateApps(cfg.Channels.Feishu)
 	b.cfg = cfg
 	b.rawApps = raw

@@ -170,12 +168,12 @@ func (b *openclawBinder) ListCandidates() ([]Candidate, error) {
 	return result, nil
 }

-func (b *openclawBinder) Build(appID string) (*configpkg.AppConfig, error) {
+func (b *openclawBinder) Build(appID string) (*core.AppConfig, error) {
 	if b.cfg == nil {
 		return nil, errs.NewInternalError(errs.SubtypeSDKError, "internal: Build called before ListCandidates")
 	}

-	var selected *openclawbind.CandidateApp
+	var selected *binding.CandidateApp
 	for i := range b.rawApps {
 		if b.rawApps[i].AppID == appID {
 			selected = &b.rawApps[i]
@@ -190,24 +188,24 @@ func (b *openclawBinder) Build(appID string) (*configpkg.AppConfig, error) {
 		return nil, errs.NewConfigError(errs.SubtypeInvalidClient, "appSecret is empty for app %s in %s", selected.AppID, b.path).
 			WithHint("configure channels.feishu.appSecret in openclaw.json")
 	}
-	secret, err := openclawbind.ResolveSecretInput(selected.AppSecret, b.cfg.Secrets, os.Getenv)
+	secret, err := binding.ResolveSecretInput(selected.AppSecret, b.cfg.Secrets, os.Getenv)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, errs.NewConfigError(errs.SubtypeInvalidClient, "failed to resolve appSecret for %s: %v", selected.AppID, err).
 			WithHint("check appSecret configuration in %s", b.path).
 			WithCause(err)
 	}

-	stored, err := secretpkg.ForStorage(selected.AppID, secretpkg.PlainSecret(secret), b.opts.Factory.Keychain)
+	stored, err := core.ForStorage(selected.AppID, core.PlainSecret(secret), b.opts.Factory.Keychain)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, errs.NewInternalError(errs.SubtypeStorage, "keychain unavailable: %v", err).
 			WithHint("use file: reference in config to bypass keychain").
 			WithCause(err)
 	}

-	return &configpkg.AppConfig{
+	return &core.AppConfig{
 		AppId:     selected.AppID,
 		AppSecret: stored,
-		Brand:     brand.ParseBrand(selected.Brand),
+		Brand:     core.LarkBrand(normalizeBrand(selected.Brand)),
 	}, nil
 }

@@ -240,7 +238,7 @@ func (b *hermesBinder) ListCandidates() ([]Candidate, error) {
 	return []Candidate{{AppID: appID, Label: "default"}}, nil
 }

-func (b *hermesBinder) Build(appID string) (*configpkg.AppConfig, error) {
+func (b *hermesBinder) Build(appID string) (*core.AppConfig, error) {
 	if b.envMap == nil {
 		return nil, errs.NewInternalError(errs.SubtypeSDKError, "internal: Build called before ListCandidates")
 	}
@@ -253,17 +251,17 @@ func (b *hermesBinder) Build(appID string) (*configpkg.AppConfig, error) {
 			WithHint("run 'hermes setup' to configure Feishu credentials")
 	}

-	stored, err := secretpkg.ForStorage(appID, secretpkg.PlainSecret(appSecret), b.opts.Factory.Keychain)
+	stored, err := core.ForStorage(appID, core.PlainSecret(appSecret), b.opts.Factory.Keychain)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, errs.NewInternalError(errs.SubtypeStorage, "keychain unavailable: %v", err).
 			WithHint("use file: reference in config to bypass keychain").
 			WithCause(err)
 	}

-	return &configpkg.AppConfig{
+	return &core.AppConfig{
 		AppId:     appID,
 		AppSecret: stored,
-		Brand:     brand.ParseBrand(b.envMap["FEISHU_DOMAIN"]),
+		Brand:     core.LarkBrand(normalizeBrand(b.envMap["FEISHU_DOMAIN"])),
 	}, nil
 }

@@ -276,14 +274,14 @@ type larkChannelBinder struct {
 	path string

 	// Cached between ListCandidates and Build so we don't re-read the file.
-	cfg *openclawbind.LarkChannelRoot
+	cfg *binding.LarkChannelRoot
 }

 func (b *larkChannelBinder) Name() string       { return "lark-channel" }
 func (b *larkChannelBinder) ConfigPath() string { return b.path }

 func (b *larkChannelBinder) ListCandidates() ([]Candidate, error) {
-	cfg, err := openclawbind.ReadLarkChannelConfig(b.path)
+	cfg, err := binding.ReadLarkChannelConfig(b.path)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, errs.NewConfigError(errs.SubtypeInvalidConfig, "cannot read %s: %v", b.path, err).
 			WithHint("verify lark-channel-bridge is installed and configured").
@@ -297,7 +295,7 @@ func (b *larkChannelBinder) ListCandidates() ([]Candidate, error) {
 	return []Candidate{{AppID: cfg.Accounts.App.ID, Label: "default"}}, nil
 }

-func (b *larkChannelBinder) Build(appID string) (*configpkg.AppConfig, error) {
+func (b *larkChannelBinder) Build(appID string) (*core.AppConfig, error) {
 	if b.cfg == nil {
 		return nil, errs.NewInternalError(errs.SubtypeSDKError, "internal: Build called before ListCandidates")
 	}
@@ -311,24 +309,24 @@ func (b *larkChannelBinder) Build(appID string) (*configpkg.AppConfig, error) {

 	// Resolve through the same SecretInput pipeline openclaw uses, so
 	// bridge configs can use ${VAR} / env / file / exec just like openclaw.
-	secret, err := openclawbind.ResolveSecretInput(b.cfg.Accounts.App.Secret, b.cfg.Secrets, os.Getenv)
+	secret, err := binding.ResolveSecretInput(b.cfg.Accounts.App.Secret, b.cfg.Secrets, os.Getenv)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, errs.NewConfigError(errs.SubtypeInvalidClient, "failed to resolve appSecret for %s: %v", appID, err).
 			WithHint("check appSecret configuration in %s", b.path).
 			WithCause(err)
 	}

-	stored, err := secretpkg.ForStorage(appID, secretpkg.PlainSecret(secret), b.opts.Factory.Keychain)
+	stored, err := core.ForStorage(appID, core.PlainSecret(secret), b.opts.Factory.Keychain)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, errs.NewInternalError(errs.SubtypeStorage, "keychain unavailable: %v", err).
 			WithHint("use file: reference in config to bypass keychain").
 			WithCause(err)
 	}

-	return &configpkg.AppConfig{
+	return &core.AppConfig{
 		AppId:     appID,
 		AppSecret: stored,
-		Brand:     brand.ParseBrand(b.cfg.Accounts.App.Tenant),
+		Brand:     core.LarkBrand(normalizeBrand(b.cfg.Accounts.App.Tenant)),
 	}, nil
 }

@@ -352,6 +350,16 @@ func sourceDisplayName(source string) string {
 	}
 }

+// normalizeBrand applies .strip().lower() and defaults to "feishu".
+// Aligns with Hermes gateway/platforms/feishu.py:1119 behavior.
+func normalizeBrand(raw string) string {
+	s := strings.TrimSpace(strings.ToLower(raw))
+	if s == "" {
+		return "feishu"
+	}
+	return s
+}
+
 // resolveHermesEnvPath returns the path to Hermes's .env file.
 // Respects HERMES_HOME override; defaults to ~/.hermes/.env.
 //
--- a/cmd/config/binder_test.go
+++ b/cmd/config/binder_test.go
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ import (
 	"reflect"
 	"testing"

-	configpkg "github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/config"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/output"
 )

@@ -20,10 +20,10 @@ type fakeBinder struct {
 	path string
 }

-func (b *fakeBinder) Name() string                                     { return b.name }
-func (b *fakeBinder) ConfigPath() string                               { return b.path }
-func (b *fakeBinder) ListCandidates() ([]Candidate, error)             { return nil, nil }
-func (b *fakeBinder) Build(appID string) (*configpkg.AppConfig, error) { return nil, nil }
+func (b *fakeBinder) Name() string                                { return b.name }
+func (b *fakeBinder) ConfigPath() string                          { return b.path }
+func (b *fakeBinder) ListCandidates() ([]Candidate, error)        { return nil, nil }
+func (b *fakeBinder) Build(appID string) (*core.AppConfig, error) { return nil, nil }

 // tuiUnreachable is a tuiPrompt that fails the test if called. It's the
 // guardrail that proves the non-TUI decision paths really do stay out of the
--- a/cmd/config/config.go
+++ b/cmd/config/config.go
@@ -4,8 +4,8 @@
 package config

 import (
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/brand"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 )

@@ -31,13 +31,12 @@ func NewCmdConfig(f *cmdutil.Factory) *cobra.Command {
 	cmd.AddCommand(NewCmdConfigShow(f, nil))
 	cmd.AddCommand(NewCmdConfigDefaultAs(f))
 	cmd.AddCommand(NewCmdConfigStrictMode(f))
-	cmd.AddCommand(NewCmdConfigRiskControl(f))
 	cmd.AddCommand(NewCmdConfigPolicy(f))
 	cmd.AddCommand(NewCmdConfigPlugins(f))
 	cmd.AddCommand(NewCmdConfigKeychainDowngrade(f))
 	return cmd
 }

-func parseBrand(value string) brand.Brand {
-	return brand.ParseBrand(value)
+func parseBrand(value string) core.LarkBrand {
+	return core.ParseBrand(value)
 }
--- a/cmd/config/config_test.go
+++ b/cmd/config/config_test.go
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ package config

 import (
 	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
 	"errors"
 	"io"
 	"os"
@@ -12,16 +13,16 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 	"testing"

-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/brand"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
 	extcred "github.com/larksuite/cli/extension/credential"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
-	configpkg "github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/config"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/credential"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/envvars"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/i18n"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/keychain"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/output"
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/secret"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/vfs"
 )

 type noopConfigKeychain struct{}
@@ -67,9 +68,42 @@ func TestConfigInitCmd_FlagParsing(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }

+func TestConfigInitCmd_PrivateKeyJWTFlag(t *testing.T) {
+	clearAgentEnv(t) // assumes local workspace; guard refuses init in agent contexts
+	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, nil)
+
+	var gotOpts *ConfigInitOptions
+	cmd := NewCmdConfigInit(f, func(opts *ConfigInitOptions) error {
+		gotOpts = opts
+		return nil
+	})
+	cmd.SetArgs([]string{"--new", "--private-key-jwt"})
+	if err := cmd.Execute(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+	}
+	if !gotOpts.PrivateKeyJWT {
+		t.Error("PrivateKeyJWT = false, want true")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestConfigInitCmd_AuthMethodFlagRemoved(t *testing.T) {
+	clearAgentEnv(t) // assumes local workspace; guard refuses init in agent contexts
+	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, nil)
+
+	cmd := NewCmdConfigInit(f, func(opts *ConfigInitOptions) error { return nil })
+	cmd.SetArgs([]string{"--new", "--auth-method", core.AuthMethodPrivateKeyJWT})
+	err := cmd.Execute()
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected unknown flag error")
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "unknown flag: --auth-method") {
+		t.Fatalf("error = %v, want unknown --auth-method flag", err)
+	}
+}
+
 func TestConfigShowCmd_FlagParsing(t *testing.T) {
-	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &configpkg.CliConfig{
-		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: brand.Feishu,
+	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{
+		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: core.BrandFeishu,
 	})

 	var gotOpts *ConfigShowOptions
@@ -110,16 +144,16 @@ func TestConfigShowRun_NotConfiguredReturnsStructuredError(t *testing.T) {

 func TestConfigShowRun_NoActiveProfileReturnsStructuredError(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", t.TempDir())
-	multi := &configpkg.MultiAppConfig{
+	multi := &core.MultiAppConfig{
 		CurrentApp: "missing",
-		Apps: []configpkg.AppConfig{{
+		Apps: []core.AppConfig{{
 			Name:      "default",
 			AppId:     "app-default",
-			AppSecret: secret.PlainSecret("secret-default"),
-			Brand:     brand.Feishu,
+			AppSecret: core.PlainSecret("secret-default"),
+			Brand:     core.BrandFeishu,
 		}},
 	}
-	if err := configpkg.SaveMultiAppConfig(multi); err != nil {
+	if err := core.SaveMultiAppConfig(multi); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("SaveMultiAppConfig() error = %v", err)
 	}

@@ -188,18 +222,18 @@ func TestSaveInitConfig_OmitLangPreservesPrior(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", t.TempDir())
 	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, nil)

-	existing := &configpkg.MultiAppConfig{Apps: []configpkg.AppConfig{
-		{AppId: "cli_x", AppSecret: secret.PlainSecret("s"), Brand: brand.Feishu, Lang: i18n.LangJaJP},
+	existing := &core.MultiAppConfig{Apps: []core.AppConfig{
+		{AppId: "cli_x", AppSecret: core.PlainSecret("s"), Brand: core.BrandFeishu, Lang: i18n.LangJaJP},
 	}}
-	if err := configpkg.SaveMultiAppConfig(existing); err != nil {
+	if err := core.SaveMultiAppConfig(existing); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("seed config: %v", err)
 	}

-	if err := saveInitConfig("", existing, f, "cli_x", secret.PlainSecret("s2"), brand.Feishu, ""); err != nil {
+	if err := saveInitConfig("", existing, f, "cli_x", core.PlainSecret("s2"), core.BrandFeishu, "", "", nil); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("saveInitConfig (no --lang): %v", err)
 	}

-	got, err := configpkg.LoadMultiAppConfig()
+	got, err := core.LoadMultiAppConfig()
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("LoadMultiAppConfig: %v", err)
 	}
@@ -208,6 +242,156 @@ func TestSaveInitConfig_OmitLangPreservesPrior(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }

+func TestSaveInitConfig_SynchronizesKeylessSignerCommand(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name       string
+		previous   string
+		envValue   string
+		want       string
+		wantStored bool
+	}{
+		{name: "persists new value", envValue: "/new/helper", want: "/new/helper", wantStored: true},
+		{name: "replaces previous value", previous: "/old/helper", envValue: "/new/helper", want: "/new/helper", wantStored: true},
+		{name: "removes previous value when env is empty", previous: "/old/helper"},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range tests {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", t.TempDir())
+			t.Setenv(envvars.CliKeylessSignerCmd, tc.envValue)
+			f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, nil)
+
+			existing := &core.MultiAppConfig{
+				CurrentApp: "keep",
+				Apps: []core.AppConfig{
+					{Name: "keep", AppId: "cli_keep", AppSecret: core.PlainSecret("keep-secret"), Brand: core.BrandFeishu},
+					{Name: "target", AppId: "cli_old", AppSecret: core.PlainSecret("old-secret"), Brand: core.BrandLark},
+				},
+			}
+			if err := core.SaveMultiAppConfig(existing); err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("seed config: %v", err)
+			}
+			if tc.previous != "" {
+				setRawConfigField(t, "keylessSignerCmd", tc.previous)
+				var err error
+				existing, err = core.LoadMultiAppConfig()
+				if err != nil {
+					t.Fatalf("reload seeded config: %v", err)
+				}
+			}
+
+			if err := saveInitConfig("target", existing, f, "cli_new", core.PlainSecret("new-secret"), core.BrandFeishu, "", "", nil); err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("saveInitConfig: %v", err)
+			}
+
+			raw := readRawConfig(t)
+			got, ok := raw["keylessSignerCmd"]
+			if ok != tc.wantStored {
+				t.Fatalf("keylessSignerCmd presence = %v, want %v; config=%v", ok, tc.wantStored, raw)
+			}
+			if tc.wantStored && got != tc.want {
+				t.Fatalf("keylessSignerCmd = %v, want %q", got, tc.want)
+			}
+
+			saved, err := core.LoadMultiAppConfig()
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("LoadMultiAppConfig: %v", err)
+			}
+			if saved.CurrentApp != "keep" || len(saved.Apps) != 2 {
+				t.Fatalf("unrelated config changed: currentApp=%q apps=%d", saved.CurrentApp, len(saved.Apps))
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func setRawConfigField(t *testing.T, key string, value any) {
+	t.Helper()
+	raw := readRawConfig(t)
+	raw[key] = value
+	data, err := json.MarshalIndent(raw, "", "  ")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("marshal config: %v", err)
+	}
+	if err := vfs.WriteFile(core.GetConfigPath(), append(data, '\n'), 0600); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("write config: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func readRawConfig(t *testing.T) map[string]any {
+	t.Helper()
+	data, err := vfs.ReadFile(core.GetConfigPath())
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("read config: %v", err)
+	}
+	var raw map[string]any
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &raw); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unmarshal config: %v", err)
+	}
+	return raw
+}
+
+func TestKeyRefFromResult_PrivateKeyJWT(t *testing.T) {
+	ref := keyRefFromResult(&configInitResult{
+		AuthMethod: core.AuthMethodPrivateKeyJWT,
+		KeyLabel:   "lark-cli-default",
+	})
+	if ref == nil {
+		t.Fatal("keyRefFromResult returned nil")
+	}
+	if ref.Source != "tee" || ref.ID != "lark-cli-default" {
+		t.Fatalf("key ref = %#v, want tee/lark-cli-default", ref)
+	}
+
+	if ref := keyRefFromResult(&configInitResult{AuthMethod: core.AuthMethodPrivateKeyJWT}); ref != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("missing key label should not persist key ref, got %#v", ref)
+	}
+	if ref := keyRefFromResult(&configInitResult{AuthMethod: core.AuthMethodClientSecret, KeyLabel: "ignored"}); ref != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("client_secret should not persist key ref, got %#v", ref)
+	}
+	if ref := keyRefFromResult(nil); ref != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("nil result should not persist key ref, got %#v", ref)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestPersistInitResult_PrivateKeyJWT(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, tc := range []struct {
+		name    string
+		profile string
+		brand   core.LarkBrand
+	}{
+		{name: "single app", brand: core.BrandFeishu},
+		{name: "named profile", profile: "prod", brand: core.BrandLark},
+	} {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", t.TempDir())
+			f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, nil)
+			opts := &ConfigInitOptions{Factory: f, Ctx: context.Background(), Lang: "en_us"}
+			result := &configInitResult{
+				Brand: tc.brand, AppID: "cli_pkjwt",
+				AuthMethod: core.AuthMethodPrivateKeyJWT, KeyLabel: "lark-cli-default",
+			}
+			if err := persistInitResult(opts, f, tc.profile, result); err != nil {
+				t.Fatal(err)
+			}
+
+			got, err := core.LoadMultiAppConfig()
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatal(err)
+			}
+			app := got.CurrentAppConfig(tc.profile)
+			if app == nil || app.AppId != "cli_pkjwt" || app.AuthMethod != core.AuthMethodPrivateKeyJWT {
+				t.Fatalf("saved app = %#v", app)
+			}
+			if app.KeyRef == nil || app.KeyRef.Source != "tee" || app.KeyRef.ID != "lark-cli-default" {
+				t.Fatalf("KeyRef = %#v, want tee/lark-cli-default", app.KeyRef)
+			}
+			if !app.AppSecret.IsZero() {
+				t.Fatalf("private_key_jwt config must stay secretless, AppSecret value %#v", app.AppSecret)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
 // TestConfigInitCmd_InvalidLang verifies a non-empty --lang on config init is
 // strictly validated the same way bind validates: wrong-case / typo / removed
 // codes / hyphen form all exit with ExitValidation. (Empty is a no-op.)
@@ -320,17 +504,17 @@ func TestConfigRemoveRun_SaveFailurePreservesExistingConfigAndSecrets(t *testing
 	configDir := t.TempDir()
 	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", configDir)

-	multi := &configpkg.MultiAppConfig{
-		Apps: []configpkg.AppConfig{{
+	multi := &core.MultiAppConfig{
+		Apps: []core.AppConfig{{
 			AppId: "app-test",
-			AppSecret: secret.SecretInput{
-				Ref: &secret.SecretRef{Source: "keychain", ID: "appsecret:app-test"},
+			AppSecret: core.SecretInput{
+				Ref: &core.SecretRef{Source: "keychain", ID: "appsecret:app-test"},
 			},
-			Brand: brand.Feishu,
-			Users: []configpkg.AppUser{{UserOpenId: "ou_1", UserName: "Tester"}},
+			Brand: core.BrandFeishu,
+			Users: []core.AppUser{{UserOpenId: "ou_1", UserName: "Tester"}},
 		}},
 	}
-	if err := configpkg.SaveMultiAppConfig(multi); err != nil {
+	if err := core.SaveMultiAppConfig(multi); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("SaveMultiAppConfig() error = %v", err)
 	}

@@ -359,7 +543,7 @@ func TestConfigRemoveRun_SaveFailurePreservesExistingConfigAndSecrets(t *testing
 	if err := os.Chmod(configDir, 0700); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("restore Chmod(%s) error = %v", configDir, err)
 	}
-	saved, err := configpkg.LoadMultiAppConfig()
+	saved, err := core.LoadMultiAppConfig()
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("LoadMultiAppConfig() error = %v", err)
 	}
@@ -379,18 +563,18 @@ func TestConfigRemoveRun_SaveFailurePreservesExistingConfigAndSecrets(t *testing
 func TestSaveAsProfile_RejectsProfileNameCollisionWithExistingAppID(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", t.TempDir())

-	existing := &configpkg.MultiAppConfig{
-		Apps: []configpkg.AppConfig{
+	existing := &core.MultiAppConfig{
+		Apps: []core.AppConfig{
 			{
 				Name:      "prod",
 				AppId:     "cli_prod",
-				AppSecret: secret.PlainSecret("secret"),
-				Brand:     brand.Feishu,
+				AppSecret: core.PlainSecret("secret"),
+				Brand:     core.BrandFeishu,
 			},
 		},
 	}

-	err := saveAsProfile(existing, keychain.KeychainAccess(&noopConfigKeychain{}), "cli_prod", "app-new", secret.PlainSecret("new-secret"), brand.Lark, "en")
+	err := saveAsProfile(existing, keychain.KeychainAccess(&noopConfigKeychain{}), "cli_prod", "app-new", core.PlainSecret("new-secret"), core.BrandLark, "en", "", nil)
 	if err == nil {
 		t.Fatal("expected conflict error")
 	}
@@ -429,22 +613,62 @@ func TestWrapSaveConfigError_PassesTypedValidationThrough(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }

+func TestSaveAsProfile_UpdatePersistsPrivateKeyJWT(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", t.TempDir())
+
+	existing := &core.MultiAppConfig{
+		Apps: []core.AppConfig{{
+			Name:      "prod",
+			AppId:     "cli_prod",
+			AppSecret: core.PlainSecret("old-secret"),
+			Brand:     core.BrandFeishu,
+			Users:     []core.AppUser{{UserOpenId: "ou_1", UserName: "User"}},
+		}},
+	}
+	keyRef := &core.SecretRef{Source: "tee", ID: "lark-cli-default"}
+
+	if err := saveAsProfile(existing, keychain.KeychainAccess(&noopConfigKeychain{}), "prod", "cli_prod", core.SecretInput{}, core.BrandLark, "en_us", core.AuthMethodPrivateKeyJWT, keyRef); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("saveAsProfile update private_key_jwt: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	got, err := core.LoadMultiAppConfig()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("LoadMultiAppConfig: %v", err)
+	}
+	app := got.FindApp("prod")
+	if app == nil {
+		t.Fatalf("profile prod not saved: %#v", got.Apps)
+	}
+	if app.AuthMethod != core.AuthMethodPrivateKeyJWT {
+		t.Fatalf("AuthMethod = %q, want private_key_jwt", app.AuthMethod)
+	}
+	if app.KeyRef == nil || app.KeyRef.Source != "tee" || app.KeyRef.ID != "lark-cli-default" {
+		t.Fatalf("KeyRef = %#v, want tee/lark-cli-default", app.KeyRef)
+	}
+	if app.AppSecret.Ref != nil || app.AppSecret.Plain != "" {
+		t.Fatalf("private_key_jwt update must stay secretless, AppSecret value %#v", app.AppSecret)
+	}
+	if len(app.Users) != 1 || app.Users[0].UserOpenId != "ou_1" {
+		t.Fatalf("same-app update should preserve users, Users=%#v", app.Users)
+	}
+}
+
 func TestUpdateExistingProfileWithoutSecret_RejectsAppIDChange(t *testing.T) {
-	multi := &configpkg.MultiAppConfig{
+	multi := &core.MultiAppConfig{
 		CurrentApp: "prod",
-		Apps: []configpkg.AppConfig{
+		Apps: []core.AppConfig{
 			{
 				Name:      "prod",
 				AppId:     "app-old",
-				AppSecret: secret.SecretInput{Ref: &secret.SecretRef{Source: "keychain", ID: "appsecret:app-old"}},
-				Brand:     brand.Feishu,
+				AppSecret: core.SecretInput{Ref: &core.SecretRef{Source: "keychain", ID: "appsecret:app-old"}},
+				Brand:     core.BrandFeishu,
 				Lang:      "zh",
-				Users:     []configpkg.AppUser{{UserOpenId: "ou_1", UserName: "User"}},
+				Users:     []core.AppUser{{UserOpenId: "ou_1", UserName: "User"}},
 			},
 		},
 	}

-	err := updateExistingProfileWithoutSecret(multi, "", "app-new", brand.Lark, "en")
+	err := updateExistingProfileWithoutSecret(multi, "", "app-new", core.BrandLark, "en")
 	if err == nil {
 		t.Fatal("expected error when changing app ID without a new secret")
 	}
--- a/cmd/config/default_as.go
+++ b/cmd/config/default_as.go
@@ -8,8 +8,7 @@ import (

 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
-	configpkg "github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/config"
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/identity"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 )

@@ -21,14 +20,14 @@ func NewCmdConfigDefaultAs(f *cmdutil.Factory) *cobra.Command {
 		Long:  "Without arguments, shows the current default identity. Pass user, bot, or auto to set a new default.",
 		Args:  cobra.MaximumNArgs(1),
 		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
-			multi, err := configpkg.LoadOrNotConfigured()
+			multi, err := core.LoadOrNotConfigured()
 			if err != nil {
 				return err
 			}

 			app := multi.CurrentAppConfig(f.Invocation.Profile)
 			if app == nil {
-				return configpkg.NoActiveProfileError()
+				return core.NoActiveProfileError()
 			}

 			if len(args) == 0 {
@@ -45,8 +44,8 @@ func NewCmdConfigDefaultAs(f *cmdutil.Factory) *cobra.Command {
 				return errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, "invalid identity type %q, valid values: user | bot | auto", value)
 			}

-			app.DefaultAs = identity.Identity(value)
-			if err := configpkg.SaveMultiAppConfig(multi); err != nil {
+			app.DefaultAs = core.Identity(value)
+			if err := core.SaveMultiAppConfig(multi); err != nil {
 				return errs.NewInternalError(errs.SubtypeStorage, "failed to save config: %v", err).WithCause(err)
 			}
 			fmt.Fprintf(f.IOStreams.ErrOut, "Default identity set to: %s\n", value)
--- a/cmd/config/init.go
+++ b/cmd/config/init.go
@@ -13,16 +13,16 @@ import (

 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"

-	brandpkg "github.com/larksuite/cli/brand"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/auth"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
-	configpkg "github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/config"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/envvars"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/i18n"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/keychain"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/keylesshelper"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/keysigner"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/output"
-	secretpkg "github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/secret"
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/workspace"
 )

 // ConfigInitOptions holds all inputs for config init.
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ type ConfigInitOptions struct {
 	AppSecretStdin bool   // read app-secret from stdin (avoids process list exposure)
 	Brand          string
 	New            bool
+	PrivateKeyJWT  bool // --private-key-jwt: request private_key_jwt instead of the default client_secret

 	Lang         string // raw --lang (string for cobra); normalized to canonical/"" in validateInitLang
 	langExplicit bool   // true when --lang was explicitly passed
@@ -42,6 +43,8 @@ type ConfigInitOptions struct {

 	ProfileName string // when set, create/update a named profile instead of replacing Apps[0]

+	Restore bool // Restore re-registers the app already in config to recover a lost credential
+
 	// ForceInit overrides the agent-workspace guard. Without it, running
 	// init under OPENCLAW_HOME / HERMES_HOME refuses and points the caller
 	// at config bind — which is what AI agents almost always want. Manual
@@ -84,17 +87,39 @@ if the user explicitly wants a separate app inside the Agent workspace.`,
 	}

 	cmd.Flags().BoolVar(&opts.New, "new", false, "create a new app directly (skip mode selection)")
+	cmd.Flags().BoolVar(&opts.PrivateKeyJWT, "private-key-jwt", false, "create a new app with private_key_jwt (signed by a platform key, no app secret)")
 	cmd.Flags().StringVar(&opts.AppID, "app-id", "", "App ID (non-interactive)")
 	cmd.Flags().BoolVar(&opts.AppSecretStdin, "app-secret-stdin", false, "Read App Secret from stdin to avoid process list exposure")
 	cmd.Flags().StringVar(&opts.Brand, "brand", "feishu", "feishu or lark (non-interactive, default feishu)")
 	cmd.Flags().StringVar(&opts.Lang, "lang", "", "language preference (e.g. zh or zh_cn)")
 	cmd.Flags().StringVar(&opts.ProfileName, "name", "", "create or update a named profile (append instead of replace)")
+	cmd.Flags().BoolVar(&opts.Restore, "restore", false, "re-register the app already in config to recover a lost credential (keychain key / app secret); reuses the stored app ID and auth method")
 	cmd.Flags().BoolVar(&opts.ForceInit, "force-init", false, "allow init inside an Agent workspace (OPENCLAW_HOME / HERMES_HOME); use config bind instead unless you really want a separate app")
 	cmdutil.SetRisk(cmd, "write")

 	return cmd
 }

+func requestedInitAuthMethod(opts *ConfigInitOptions) string {
+	if opts.PrivateKeyJWT {
+		return core.AuthMethodPrivateKeyJWT
+	}
+	return core.AuthMethodClientSecret
+}
+
+func validateKeylessSignerEnvironment() error {
+	if !keylesshelper.ConfiguredFromEnvironment() {
+		return nil
+	}
+	if err := keylesshelper.ValidateConfigured(); err != nil {
+		return errs.NewConfigError(errs.SubtypeInvalidClient,
+			"invalid keyless signer command: %v", err).
+			WithCause(err).
+			WithHint("fix or unset %s before running config init", envvars.CliKeylessSignerCmd)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
 // printLangPreferenceConfirmation echoes the set preference to stderr, only
 // when --lang explicitly set a non-empty value.
 func printLangPreferenceConfirmation(opts *ConfigInitOptions) {
@@ -124,7 +149,7 @@ func guardAgentWorkspace(opts *ConfigInitOptions) error {
 	if opts.ForceInit {
 		return nil
 	}
-	ws := workspace.DetectWorkspaceFromEnv(os.Getenv)
+	ws := core.DetectWorkspaceFromEnv(os.Getenv)
 	if ws.IsLocal() {
 		return nil
 	}
@@ -135,11 +160,11 @@ func guardAgentWorkspace(opts *ConfigInitOptions) error {

 // hasAnyNonInteractiveFlag returns true if any non-interactive flag is set.
 func (o *ConfigInitOptions) hasAnyNonInteractiveFlag() bool {
-	return o.New || o.AppID != "" || o.AppSecretStdin
+	return o.New || o.Restore || o.AppID != "" || o.AppSecretStdin
 }

 // cleanupOldConfig clears keychain entries (AppSecret + UAT) for all apps in existing config except the app whose AppId equals skipAppID.
-func cleanupOldConfig(existing *configpkg.MultiAppConfig, f *cmdutil.Factory, skipAppID string) {
+func cleanupOldConfig(existing *core.MultiAppConfig, f *cmdutil.Factory, skipAppID string) {
 	if existing == nil {
 		return
 	}
@@ -147,29 +172,69 @@ func cleanupOldConfig(existing *configpkg.MultiAppConfig, f *cmdutil.Factory, sk
 		if app.AppId == skipAppID {
 			continue
 		}
-		secretpkg.RemoveSecretStore(app.AppSecret, f.Keychain)
+		core.RemoveSecretStore(app.AppSecret, f.Keychain)
 		for _, user := range app.Users {
 			auth.RemoveStoredToken(app.AppId, user.UserOpenId)
 		}
 	}
 }

+// removeStaleSecretForPKJWT clears a secret left in the keychain when the SAME
+// appId is migrated from client_secret to private_key_jwt. cleanupOldConfig
+// explicitly skips a matching appId, and saveAsProfile only cleans up on an
+// appId change, so a same-appId migration would orphan the old secret. This
+// fills that gap. RemoveSecretStore only deletes Source=="keychain" entries, so
+// the new pkjwt tee key handle is never touched.
+func removeStaleSecretForPKJWT(existing *core.MultiAppConfig, profileName, appID string, kc keychain.KeychainAccess) {
+	if existing == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	var prior *core.AppConfig
+	if profileName != "" {
+		if idx := findProfileIndexByName(existing, profileName); idx >= 0 {
+			prior = &existing.Apps[idx]
+		}
+	} else {
+		prior = existing.CurrentAppConfig("")
+	}
+	if prior != nil && prior.AppId == appID && !prior.AppSecret.IsZero() {
+		core.RemoveSecretStore(prior.AppSecret, kc)
+	}
+}
+
+// keyRefFromResult builds the TEE key reference to persist for a private_key_jwt
+// registration result, or nil for client_secret.
+func keyRefFromResult(r *configInitResult) *core.SecretRef {
+	if r != nil && r.AuthMethod == core.AuthMethodPrivateKeyJWT && r.KeyLabel != "" {
+		return &core.SecretRef{Source: "tee", ID: r.KeyLabel}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
 // saveAsOnlyApp overwrites config.json with a single-app config.
-func saveAsOnlyApp(appId string, secret secretpkg.SecretInput, brand brandpkg.Brand, lang string) error {
-	config := &configpkg.MultiAppConfig{
-		Apps: []configpkg.AppConfig{{
-			AppId: appId, AppSecret: secret, Brand: brand, Lang: i18n.Lang(lang), Users: []configpkg.AppUser{},
+func saveAsOnlyApp(appId string, secret core.SecretInput, brand core.LarkBrand, lang, authMethod string, keyRef *core.SecretRef) error {
+	config := &core.MultiAppConfig{
+		Apps: []core.AppConfig{{
+			AppId: appId, AppSecret: secret, Brand: brand, Lang: i18n.Lang(lang), Users: []core.AppUser{},
+			AuthMethod: authMethod, KeyRef: keyRef,
 		}},
 	}
-	return configpkg.SaveMultiAppConfig(config)
+	return saveMultiAppConfigForInit(config)
+}
+
+func saveMultiAppConfigForInit(config *core.MultiAppConfig) error {
+	config.KeylessSignerCmd = strings.TrimSpace(os.Getenv(envvars.CliKeylessSignerCmd))
+	return core.SaveMultiAppConfig(config)
 }

 // saveInitConfig saves a new/updated app config, respecting --profile mode.
 // With profileName: appends or updates the named profile (preserves other profiles).
 // Without profileName: cleans up old config and saves as the only app.
-func saveInitConfig(profileName string, existing *configpkg.MultiAppConfig, f *cmdutil.Factory, appId string, secret secretpkg.SecretInput, brand brandpkg.Brand, lang string) error {
+// authMethod/keyRef carry the credential type: ("", nil) for client_secret,
+// (private_key_jwt, &{tee,label}) for the secretless TEE flow.
+func saveInitConfig(profileName string, existing *core.MultiAppConfig, f *cmdutil.Factory, appId string, secret core.SecretInput, brand core.LarkBrand, lang, authMethod string, keyRef *core.SecretRef) error {
 	if profileName != "" {
-		return saveAsProfile(existing, f.Keychain, profileName, appId, secret, brand, lang)
+		return saveAsProfile(existing, f.Keychain, profileName, appId, secret, brand, lang, authMethod, keyRef)
 	}
 	cleanupOldConfig(existing, f, appId)
 	var prior i18n.Lang
@@ -178,7 +243,7 @@ func saveInitConfig(profileName string, existing *configpkg.MultiAppConfig, f *c
 			prior = app.Lang
 		}
 	}
-	return saveAsOnlyApp(appId, secret, brand, string(preferredLang(i18n.Lang(lang), prior)))
+	return saveAsOnlyApp(appId, secret, brand, string(preferredLang(i18n.Lang(lang), prior)), authMethod, keyRef)
 }

 // wrapSaveConfigError passes an already-typed error (e.g. the --name conflict
@@ -198,25 +263,27 @@ func wrapSaveConfigError(err error) error {
 // saveAsProfile appends or updates a named profile in the config.
 // If a profile with the same name exists, it updates it; otherwise appends.
 // When updating, cleans up old keychain secrets if AppId changed.
-func saveAsProfile(existing *configpkg.MultiAppConfig, kc keychain.KeychainAccess, profileName, appId string, secret secretpkg.SecretInput, brand brandpkg.Brand, lang string) error {
+func saveAsProfile(existing *core.MultiAppConfig, kc keychain.KeychainAccess, profileName, appId string, secret core.SecretInput, brand core.LarkBrand, lang, authMethod string, keyRef *core.SecretRef) error {
 	multi := existing
 	if multi == nil {
-		multi = &configpkg.MultiAppConfig{}
+		multi = &core.MultiAppConfig{}
 	}

 	if idx := findProfileIndexByName(multi, profileName); idx >= 0 {
 		// Clean up old keychain secret and user tokens if AppId changed
 		if multi.Apps[idx].AppId != appId {
-			secretpkg.RemoveSecretStore(multi.Apps[idx].AppSecret, kc)
+			core.RemoveSecretStore(multi.Apps[idx].AppSecret, kc)
 			for _, user := range multi.Apps[idx].Users {
 				auth.RemoveStoredToken(multi.Apps[idx].AppId, user.UserOpenId)
 			}
-			multi.Apps[idx].Users = []configpkg.AppUser{}
+			multi.Apps[idx].Users = []core.AppUser{}
 		}
 		multi.Apps[idx].AppId = appId
 		multi.Apps[idx].AppSecret = secret
 		multi.Apps[idx].Brand = brand
 		multi.Apps[idx].Lang = preferredLang(i18n.Lang(lang), multi.Apps[idx].Lang)
+		multi.Apps[idx].AuthMethod = authMethod
+		multi.Apps[idx].KeyRef = keyRef
 	} else {
 		if findAppIndexByAppID(multi, profileName) >= 0 {
 			return errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument,
@@ -224,19 +291,21 @@ func saveAsProfile(existing *configpkg.MultiAppConfig, kc keychain.KeychainAcces
 				WithParam("--name")
 		}
 		// Append new profile
-		multi.Apps = append(multi.Apps, configpkg.AppConfig{
-			Name:      profileName,
-			AppId:     appId,
-			AppSecret: secret,
-			Brand:     brand,
-			Lang:      i18n.Lang(lang),
-			Users:     []configpkg.AppUser{},
+		multi.Apps = append(multi.Apps, core.AppConfig{
+			Name:       profileName,
+			AppId:      appId,
+			AppSecret:  secret,
+			Brand:      brand,
+			Lang:       i18n.Lang(lang),
+			Users:      []core.AppUser{},
+			AuthMethod: authMethod,
+			KeyRef:     keyRef,
 		})
 	}
-	return configpkg.SaveMultiAppConfig(multi)
+	return saveMultiAppConfigForInit(multi)
 }

-func findProfileIndexByName(multi *configpkg.MultiAppConfig, profileName string) int {
+func findProfileIndexByName(multi *core.MultiAppConfig, profileName string) int {
 	if multi == nil {
 		return -1
 	}
@@ -248,7 +317,7 @@ func findProfileIndexByName(multi *configpkg.MultiAppConfig, profileName string)
 	return -1
 }

-func findAppIndexByAppID(multi *configpkg.MultiAppConfig, appID string) int {
+func findAppIndexByAppID(multi *core.MultiAppConfig, appID string) int {
 	if multi == nil {
 		return -1
 	}
@@ -275,13 +344,13 @@ func wrapUpdateExistingProfileErr(err error) error {
 	return errs.NewInternalError(errs.SubtypeSDKError, "failed to save config: %v", err).WithCause(err)
 }

-func updateExistingProfileWithoutSecret(existing *configpkg.MultiAppConfig, profileName, appID string, brand brandpkg.Brand, lang string) error {
+func updateExistingProfileWithoutSecret(existing *core.MultiAppConfig, profileName, appID string, brand core.LarkBrand, lang string) error {
 	if existing == nil {
 		return errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, "App Secret cannot be empty for new configuration").
 			WithParam("--app-secret")
 	}

-	var app *configpkg.AppConfig
+	var app *core.AppConfig
 	if profileName != "" {
 		if idx := findProfileIndexByName(existing, profileName); idx >= 0 {
 			app = &existing.Apps[idx]
@@ -305,11 +374,139 @@ func updateExistingProfileWithoutSecret(existing *configpkg.MultiAppConfig, prof
 	app.AppId = appID
 	app.Brand = brand
 	app.Lang = preferredLang(i18n.Lang(lang), app.Lang)
-	return configpkg.SaveMultiAppConfig(existing)
+	return saveMultiAppConfigForInit(existing)
+}
+
+func persistInitResult(opts *ConfigInitOptions, f *cmdutil.Factory, profileName string, result *configInitResult) error {
+	existing, _ := core.LoadMultiAppConfig()
+
+	switch {
+	case result.AuthMethod == core.AuthMethodPrivateKeyJWT:
+		if err := saveInitConfig(profileName, existing, f, result.AppID, core.SecretInput{}, result.Brand, opts.Lang, result.AuthMethod, keyRefFromResult(result)); err != nil {
+			return wrapSaveConfigError(err)
+		}
+		removeStaleSecretForPKJWT(existing, profileName, result.AppID, f.Keychain)
+		return nil
+	case result.AppSecret != "":
+		secret, err := core.ForStorage(result.AppID, core.PlainSecret(result.AppSecret), f.Keychain)
+		if err != nil {
+			return errs.NewInternalError(errs.SubtypeSDKError, "%v", err).WithCause(err)
+		}
+		if err := saveInitConfig(profileName, existing, f, result.AppID, secret, result.Brand, opts.Lang, "", nil); err != nil {
+			return wrapSaveConfigError(err)
+		}
+		return nil
+	case result.Mode == "existing" && result.AppID != "":
+		return wrapUpdateExistingProfileErr(updateExistingProfileWithoutSecret(existing, profileName, result.AppID, result.Brand, opts.Lang))
+	default:
+		return errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, "App ID and App Secret cannot be empty").WithParam("--app-id")
+	}
+}
+
+func probeInitResult(opts *ConfigInitOptions, f *cmdutil.Factory, result *configInitResult) error {
+	if result.AuthMethod == core.AuthMethodPrivateKeyJWT {
+		return runProbePKJWT(opts.Ctx, f, result.Brand, result.AppID, keysigner.Active(), result.KeyLabel)
+	}
+	if result.AppSecret != "" {
+		return runProbe(opts.Ctx, f, result.AppID, result.AppSecret, result.Brand)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// persistAndProbeResult saves a registration/restore result into profileName and
+// runs the post-registration probe. profileName == "" replaces the single app
+// (legacy); a named profile is updated in place. Shared by --new and --restore.
+func persistAndProbeResult(opts *ConfigInitOptions, f *cmdutil.Factory, profileName string, result *configInitResult) error {
+	if err := persistInitResult(opts, f, profileName, result); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	printLangPreferenceConfirmation(opts)
+	if result.AuthMethod == core.AuthMethodPrivateKeyJWT {
+		output.PrintJson(f.IOStreams.Out, map[string]interface{}{"appId": result.AppID, "authMethod": result.AuthMethod, "brand": result.Brand})
+	} else {
+		output.PrintJson(f.IOStreams.Out, map[string]interface{}{"appId": result.AppID, "appSecret": "****", "brand": result.Brand})
+	}
+	return probeInitResult(opts, f, result)
+}
+
+// runRestoreFlow re-registers the app already in config to recover a lost
+// credential (deleted keychain key / lost app secret). It reads the existing
+// app id + auth method + brand from config (no secret needed — that's the lost
+// part) and re-runs the device-flow registration with the app id sent on begin,
+// so the server re-registers that app instead of creating a new one. The
+// re-issued credential is written back to the same profile.
+func runRestoreFlow(opts *ConfigInitOptions, existing *core.MultiAppConfig, f *cmdutil.Factory, msg *initMsg) error {
+	if existing == nil {
+		return errs.NewConfigError(errs.SubtypeNotConfigured, "nothing to restore: no config found").
+			WithHint("run: lark-cli config init")
+	}
+	app := existing.CurrentAppConfig(opts.ProfileName)
+	if app == nil || app.AppId == "" {
+		return errs.NewConfigError(errs.SubtypeNotConfigured, "nothing to restore: no app id in config%s", profileSuffix(opts.ProfileName)).
+			WithHint("run: lark-cli config init")
+	}
+
+	restoreAppID := app.AppId
+	// Reuse the stored auth method authoritatively — never prompt. Empty on disk
+	// means client_secret (omitempty back-compat); pass it explicitly so restore
+	// preserves the existing credential type.
+	authMethod := app.AuthMethod
+	if authMethod == "" {
+		authMethod = core.AuthMethodClientSecret
+	}
+	result, err := runCreateAppFlow(opts.Ctx, f, app.Brand, authMethod, msg, restoreAppID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if result == nil {
+		return errs.NewInternalError(errs.SubtypeSDKError, "app restore returned no result")
+	}
+
+	// Safety: if the server did not honor app_id (e.g. not yet supported), it may
+	// have created a NEW app instead of restoring. Warn so the user is not silently
+	// switched to a different app id.
+	if result.AppID != restoreAppID {
+		fmt.Fprintf(f.IOStreams.ErrOut, "[lark-cli] [WARN] restore: server returned app %s, expected %s — it may have created a new app instead of restoring\n", result.AppID, restoreAppID)
+	}
+
+	// Write back to the profile we restored: an explicit --name, else the resolved
+	// app's own name. Empty name => legacy single-app replace.
+	saveProfile := opts.ProfileName
+	if saveProfile == "" {
+		saveProfile = app.Name
+	}
+	return persistAndProbeResult(opts, f, saveProfile, result)
+}
+
+// profileSuffix renders " (profile %q)" for error messages, or "" when unnamed.
+func profileSuffix(profileName string) string {
+	if profileName == "" {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return fmt.Sprintf(" (profile %q)", profileName)
 }

 func configInitRun(opts *ConfigInitOptions) error {
 	f := opts.Factory
+	if opts.PrivateKeyJWT {
+		switch {
+		case opts.Restore:
+			return errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument,
+				"--private-key-jwt cannot be combined with --restore; restore preserves the stored auth method").
+				WithParam("--private-key-jwt")
+		case opts.AppID != "":
+			return errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument,
+				"--private-key-jwt cannot be combined with --app-id; use --new to register a private_key_jwt app").
+				WithParam("--private-key-jwt")
+		case opts.AppSecretStdin:
+			return errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument,
+				"--private-key-jwt cannot be combined with --app-secret-stdin; private_key_jwt does not use an app secret").
+				WithParam("--private-key-jwt")
+		}
+	}
+	if err := validateKeylessSignerEnvironment(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}

 	// Read secret from stdin if --app-secret-stdin is set
 	if opts.AppSecretStdin {
@@ -326,29 +523,49 @@ func configInitRun(opts *ConfigInitOptions) error {
 		}
 	}

-	existing, err := configpkg.LoadMultiAppConfig()
+	existing, err := core.LoadMultiAppConfig()
 	if err != nil {
 		existing = nil // treat as empty
 	}

 	// Validate --profile name if set
 	if opts.ProfileName != "" {
-		if err := configpkg.ValidateProfileName(opts.ProfileName); err != nil {
+		if err := core.ValidateProfileName(opts.ProfileName); err != nil {
 			return errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, "%v", err).WithCause(err)
 		}
 	}

+	// --restore recovers an existing app; it is incompatible with creating a new
+	// app (--new) or importing one non-interactively (--app-id / stdin secret).
+	if opts.Restore {
+		if opts.New {
+			return errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, "--restore cannot be combined with --new").WithParam("--restore")
+		}
+		if opts.AppID != "" || opts.AppSecretStdin {
+			return errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, "--restore cannot be combined with --app-id / --app-secret-stdin").WithParam("--restore")
+		}
+	}
+
+	// A user who explicitly asks for private_key_jwt needs immediate feedback
+	// before any interactive prompt. Otherwise unsupported machines enter the
+	// TUI and fail only after the user chooses a create flow.
+	if opts.PrivateKeyJWT && !opts.New && !opts.Restore {
+		if _, err := resolveRegisterAuthMethod(opts.Ctx, f, core.AuthMethodPrivateKeyJWT); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
 	// Mode 1: Non-interactive
 	if opts.AppID != "" && opts.appSecret != "" {
 		brand := parseBrand(opts.Brand)
-		secret, err := secretpkg.ForStorage(opts.AppID, secretpkg.PlainSecret(opts.appSecret), f.Keychain)
+		secret, err := core.ForStorage(opts.AppID, core.PlainSecret(opts.appSecret), f.Keychain)
 		if err != nil {
 			return errs.NewInternalError(errs.SubtypeSDKError, "%v", err).WithCause(err)
 		}
-		if err := saveInitConfig(opts.ProfileName, existing, f, opts.AppID, secret, brand, opts.Lang); err != nil {
+		if err := saveInitConfig(opts.ProfileName, existing, f, opts.AppID, secret, brand, opts.Lang, "", nil); err != nil {
 			return wrapSaveConfigError(err)
 		}
-		output.PrintSuccess(f.IOStreams.ErrOut, fmt.Sprintf("Configuration saved to %s", workspace.GetConfigPath()))
+		output.PrintSuccess(f.IOStreams.ErrOut, fmt.Sprintf("Configuration saved to %s", core.GetConfigPath()))
 		printLangPreferenceConfirmation(opts)
 		output.PrintJson(f.IOStreams.Out, map[string]interface{}{"appId": opts.AppID, "appSecret": "****", "brand": brand})
 		if err := runProbe(opts.Ctx, f, opts.AppID, opts.appSecret, brand); err != nil {
@@ -371,34 +588,26 @@ func configInitRun(opts *ConfigInitOptions) error {

 	msg := getInitMsg(opts.UILang)

+	// Mode: Restore (--restore) — re-register the app already in config.
+	if opts.Restore {
+		return runRestoreFlow(opts, existing, f, msg)
+	}
+
 	// Mode 3: Create new app directly (--new)
 	if opts.New {
-		result, err := runCreateAppFlow(opts.Ctx, f, parseBrand(opts.Brand), msg)
+		result, err := runCreateAppFlow(opts.Ctx, f, parseBrand(opts.Brand), requestedInitAuthMethod(opts), msg, "")
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 		if result == nil {
 			return errs.NewInternalError(errs.SubtypeSDKError, "app creation returned no result")
 		}
-		existing, _ := configpkg.LoadMultiAppConfig()
-		secret, err := secretpkg.ForStorage(result.AppID, secretpkg.PlainSecret(result.AppSecret), f.Keychain)
-		if err != nil {
-			return errs.NewInternalError(errs.SubtypeSDKError, "%v", err).WithCause(err)
-		}
-		if err := saveInitConfig(opts.ProfileName, existing, f, result.AppID, secret, result.Brand, opts.Lang); err != nil {
-			return wrapSaveConfigError(err)
-		}
-		printLangPreferenceConfirmation(opts)
-		output.PrintJson(f.IOStreams.Out, map[string]interface{}{"appId": result.AppID, "appSecret": "****", "brand": result.Brand})
-		if err := runProbe(opts.Ctx, f, result.AppID, result.AppSecret, result.Brand); err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		return nil
+		return persistAndProbeResult(opts, f, opts.ProfileName, result)
 	}

 	// Mode 4: Interactive TUI (terminal)
 	if !opts.hasAnyNonInteractiveFlag() && f.IOStreams.IsTerminal {
-		result, err := runInteractiveConfigInit(opts.Ctx, f, msg)
+		result, err := runInteractiveConfigInit(opts.Ctx, f, requestedInitAuthMethod(opts), msg)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
@@ -407,35 +616,21 @@ func configInitRun(opts *ConfigInitOptions) error {
 				WithParam("--app-id")
 		}

-		existing, _ := configpkg.LoadMultiAppConfig()
-
-		if result.AppSecret != "" {
-			// New secret provided (either from "create" or "existing" with input)
-			secret, err := secretpkg.ForStorage(result.AppID, secretpkg.PlainSecret(result.AppSecret), f.Keychain)
-			if err != nil {
-				return errs.NewInternalError(errs.SubtypeSDKError, "%v", err).WithCause(err)
-			}
-			if err := saveInitConfig(opts.ProfileName, existing, f, result.AppID, secret, result.Brand, opts.Lang); err != nil {
-				return wrapSaveConfigError(err)
-			}
-		} else if result.Mode == "existing" && result.AppID != "" {
-			// Existing app with unchanged secret — update app ID and brand only
-			if err := wrapUpdateExistingProfileErr(updateExistingProfileWithoutSecret(existing, opts.ProfileName, result.AppID, result.Brand, opts.Lang)); err != nil {
+		if err := persistInitResult(opts, f, opts.ProfileName, result); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if result.AuthMethod == core.AuthMethodPrivateKeyJWT {
+			if err := probeInitResult(opts, f, result); err != nil {
 				return err
 			}
-		} else {
-			return errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, "App ID and App Secret cannot be empty").
-				WithParam("--app-id")
 		}

 		if result.Mode == "existing" {
 			output.PrintSuccess(f.IOStreams.ErrOut, fmt.Sprintf(msg.ConfigSaved, result.AppID))
 		}
 		printLangPreferenceConfirmation(opts)
-		if result.AppSecret != "" {
-			if err := runProbe(opts.Ctx, f, result.AppID, result.AppSecret, result.Brand); err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
+		if result.AuthMethod != core.AuthMethodPrivateKeyJWT {
+			return probeInitResult(opts, f, result)
 		}
 		return nil
 	}
@@ -446,7 +641,7 @@ func configInitRun(opts *ConfigInitOptions) error {
 	}

 	// Mode 5: Legacy interactive (readline fallback)
-	firstApp := (*configpkg.AppConfig)(nil)
+	firstApp := (*core.AppConfig)(nil)
 	if existing != nil {
 		firstApp = existing.CurrentAppConfig("")
 	}
@@ -497,9 +692,9 @@ func configInitRun(opts *ConfigInitOptions) error {
 	if resolvedAppId == "" && firstApp != nil {
 		resolvedAppId = firstApp.AppId
 	}
-	var resolvedSecret secretpkg.SecretInput
+	var resolvedSecret core.SecretInput
 	if appSecretInput != "" {
-		resolvedSecret = secretpkg.PlainSecret(appSecretInput)
+		resolvedSecret = core.PlainSecret(appSecretInput)
 	} else if firstApp != nil {
 		resolvedSecret = firstApp.AppSecret
 	}
@@ -516,14 +711,14 @@ func configInitRun(opts *ConfigInitOptions) error {
 			WithParam("--app-id")
 	}

-	storedSecret, err := secretpkg.ForStorage(resolvedAppId, resolvedSecret, f.Keychain)
+	storedSecret, err := core.ForStorage(resolvedAppId, resolvedSecret, f.Keychain)
 	if err != nil {
 		return errs.NewInternalError(errs.SubtypeSDKError, "%v", err).WithCause(err)
 	}
-	if err := saveInitConfig(opts.ProfileName, existing, f, resolvedAppId, storedSecret, parseBrand(resolvedBrand), opts.Lang); err != nil {
+	if err := saveInitConfig(opts.ProfileName, existing, f, resolvedAppId, storedSecret, parseBrand(resolvedBrand), opts.Lang, "", nil); err != nil {
 		return wrapSaveConfigError(err)
 	}
-	output.PrintSuccess(f.IOStreams.ErrOut, fmt.Sprintf("Configuration saved to %s", workspace.GetConfigPath()))
+	output.PrintSuccess(f.IOStreams.ErrOut, fmt.Sprintf("Configuration saved to %s", core.GetConfigPath()))
 	printLangPreferenceConfirmation(opts)
 	if appSecretInput != "" {
 		if err := runProbe(opts.Ctx, f, resolvedAppId, appSecretInput, parseBrand(resolvedBrand)); err != nil {
--- a/cmd/config/init_auth_method_test.go
+++ b/cmd/config/init_auth_method_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,414 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package config
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"crypto"
+	"errors"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/envvars"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/keysigner"
+)
+
+type authMethodTestSigner struct {
+	info     keysigner.HardwareInfo
+	probeErr error
+}
+
+func (authMethodTestSigner) EnsureKey(context.Context, keysigner.KeyRef) (crypto.PublicKey, error) {
+	return nil, nil
+}
+
+func (authMethodTestSigner) PublicKey(context.Context, keysigner.KeyRef) (crypto.PublicKey, error) {
+	return nil, nil
+}
+
+func (authMethodTestSigner) Sign(context.Context, keysigner.KeyRef, []byte) ([]byte, string, error) {
+	return nil, "", nil
+}
+
+func (s authMethodTestSigner) ProbeHardware(context.Context) (keysigner.HardwareInfo, error) {
+	return s.info, s.probeErr
+}
+
+// TestResolveRegisterAuthMethod covers the non-interactive gating paths. The
+// darwin keychain signer is compiled into every build, so the test cannot rely
+// on the binary lacking a signer — it forces a known no-signer state for the
+// rejection cases, then registers a stub for the success case.
+func TestResolveRegisterAuthMethod(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", t.TempDir())
+	f := &cmdutil.Factory{}
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	prevSigner := keysigner.Active()
+	t.Cleanup(func() { keysigner.Register(prevSigner) })
+	keysigner.Register(nil)
+
+	if m, err := resolveRegisterAuthMethod(ctx, f, core.AuthMethodClientSecret); err != nil || m != core.AuthMethodClientSecret {
+		t.Errorf("client_secret: got (%q, %v), want (client_secret, nil)", m, err)
+	}
+
+	if m, err := resolveRegisterAuthMethod(ctx, f, ""); err != nil || m != core.AuthMethodClientSecret {
+		t.Errorf("default: got (%q, %v), want (client_secret, nil)", m, err)
+	}
+
+	if _, err := resolveRegisterAuthMethod(ctx, f, "bogus"); err == nil {
+		t.Error("bogus auth-method: expected error")
+	}
+
+	if _, err := resolveRegisterAuthMethod(ctx, f, core.AuthMethodPrivateKeyJWT); err == nil {
+		t.Error("private_key_jwt without a signer: expected error")
+	}
+
+	keysigner.Register(authMethodTestSigner{info: keysigner.HardwareInfo{Backend: "tpm2", Available: true}})
+
+	if m, err := resolveRegisterAuthMethod(ctx, f, core.AuthMethodPrivateKeyJWT); err != nil || m != core.AuthMethodPrivateKeyJWT {
+		t.Errorf("private_key_jwt with signer: got (%q, %v), want (private_key_jwt, nil)", m, err)
+	}
+
+	f.IOStreams = &cmdutil.IOStreams{IsTerminal: true}
+	if m, err := resolveRegisterAuthMethod(ctx, f, ""); err != nil || m != core.AuthMethodClientSecret {
+		t.Errorf("default with terminal signer: got (%q, %v), want (client_secret, nil)", m, err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestResolveRegisterAuthMethod_PrivateKeyJWTAllowsKeylessHelper(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv(envvars.CliKeylessSignerCmd, "/helper")
+	prevSigner := keysigner.Active()
+	t.Cleanup(func() { keysigner.Register(prevSigner) })
+	keysigner.Register(nil)
+
+	m, err := resolveRegisterAuthMethod(context.Background(), &cmdutil.Factory{}, core.AuthMethodPrivateKeyJWT)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("private_key_jwt with helper: %v", err)
+	}
+	if m != core.AuthMethodPrivateKeyJWT {
+		t.Fatalf("method = %q", m)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestResolveRegisterAuthMethod_PrivateKeyJWTConfigOnlyHelperFallsBackToPlatformSigner(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", t.TempDir())
+	t.Setenv(envvars.CliKeylessSignerCmd, "")
+	if err := core.SaveMultiAppConfig(&core.MultiAppConfig{
+		KeylessSignerCmd: "/config/helper",
+		Apps: []core.AppConfig{{
+			AppId: "cli_test", AppSecret: core.PlainSecret("secret"), Brand: core.BrandFeishu,
+		}},
+	}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("SaveMultiAppConfig() error = %v", err)
+	}
+
+	prevSigner := keysigner.Active()
+	t.Cleanup(func() { keysigner.Register(prevSigner) })
+	keysigner.Register(authMethodTestSigner{info: keysigner.HardwareInfo{Backend: "tpm2", Available: true}})
+
+	m, err := resolveRegisterAuthMethod(context.Background(), &cmdutil.Factory{}, core.AuthMethodPrivateKeyJWT)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("private_key_jwt with platform signer: %v", err)
+	}
+	if m != core.AuthMethodPrivateKeyJWT {
+		t.Fatalf("method = %q, want %q", m, core.AuthMethodPrivateKeyJWT)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestResolveRegisterAuthMethod_PrivateKeyJWTConfigOnlyHelperWithoutPlatformSignerRejects(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", t.TempDir())
+	t.Setenv(envvars.CliKeylessSignerCmd, "")
+	if err := core.SaveMultiAppConfig(&core.MultiAppConfig{
+		KeylessSignerCmd: "/config/helper",
+		Apps: []core.AppConfig{{
+			AppId: "cli_test", AppSecret: core.PlainSecret("secret"), Brand: core.BrandFeishu,
+		}},
+	}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("SaveMultiAppConfig() error = %v", err)
+	}
+
+	prevSigner := keysigner.Active()
+	t.Cleanup(func() { keysigner.Register(prevSigner) })
+	keysigner.Register(nil)
+
+	_, err := resolveRegisterAuthMethod(context.Background(), &cmdutil.Factory{}, core.AuthMethodPrivateKeyJWT)
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected private_key_jwt without a persistent signer to be rejected")
+	}
+	problem, ok := errs.ProblemOf(err)
+	if !ok || problem.Subtype != errs.SubtypeInvalidClient {
+		t.Fatalf("error = %T %v, want typed invalid_client", err, err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestResolveRegisterAuthMethod_PrivateKeyJWTRejectsInvalidKeylessHelper(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv(envvars.CliKeylessSignerCmd, `[""]`)
+	prevSigner := keysigner.Active()
+	t.Cleanup(func() { keysigner.Register(prevSigner) })
+	keysigner.Register(nil)
+
+	_, err := resolveRegisterAuthMethod(context.Background(), &cmdutil.Factory{}, core.AuthMethodPrivateKeyJWT)
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected invalid helper error")
+	}
+	prob, ok := errs.ProblemOf(err)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("expected typed error, got %T %v", err, err)
+	}
+	if prob.Category != errs.CategoryConfig {
+		t.Fatalf("category = %q, want %q", prob.Category, errs.CategoryConfig)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestConfigInitRunRejectsPrivateKeyJWTIncompatibleModes(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name       string
+		configure  func(*ConfigInitOptions, *cmdutil.Factory)
+		wantTarget string
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "app id import",
+			configure: func(opts *ConfigInitOptions, _ *cmdutil.Factory) {
+				opts.AppID = "cli_test"
+			},
+			wantTarget: "--app-id",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "app secret stdin import",
+			configure: func(opts *ConfigInitOptions, f *cmdutil.Factory) {
+				opts.AppSecretStdin = true
+				f.IOStreams.In = strings.NewReader("secret\n")
+			},
+			wantTarget: "--app-secret-stdin",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "restore",
+			configure: func(opts *ConfigInitOptions, _ *cmdutil.Factory) {
+				opts.Restore = true
+			},
+			wantTarget: "--restore",
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range tests {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", t.TempDir())
+			t.Setenv(envvars.CliKeylessSignerCmd, "/helper")
+			f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, nil)
+			opts := &ConfigInitOptions{
+				Factory:       f,
+				Ctx:           context.Background(),
+				PrivateKeyJWT: true,
+			}
+			tc.configure(opts, f)
+
+			err := configInitRun(opts)
+			if err == nil {
+				t.Fatal("expected incompatible mode error")
+			}
+			problem, ok := errs.ProblemOf(err)
+			if !ok {
+				t.Fatalf("error is not typed: %T %[1]v", err)
+			}
+			if problem.Category != errs.CategoryValidation || problem.Subtype != errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument {
+				t.Fatalf("problem = %s/%s, want validation/invalid_argument", problem.Category, problem.Subtype)
+			}
+			var validationErr *errs.ValidationError
+			if !errors.As(err, &validationErr) {
+				t.Fatalf("error = %T, want *errs.ValidationError", err)
+			}
+			if validationErr.Param != "--private-key-jwt" {
+				t.Fatalf("param = %q, want --private-key-jwt", validationErr.Param)
+			}
+			if !strings.Contains(problem.Message, tc.wantTarget) {
+				t.Fatalf("message = %q, want %s", problem.Message, tc.wantTarget)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestConfigInitRunRejectsInvalidKeylessSignerEnvironment(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", t.TempDir())
+	t.Setenv(envvars.CliKeylessSignerCmd, `[""]`)
+	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, nil)
+
+	err := configInitRun(&ConfigInitOptions{Factory: f, Ctx: context.Background()})
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected invalid keyless signer environment error")
+	}
+	problem, ok := errs.ProblemOf(err)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("error is not typed: %T %[1]v", err)
+	}
+	if problem.Category != errs.CategoryConfig || problem.Subtype != errs.SubtypeInvalidClient {
+		t.Fatalf("problem = %s/%s, want config/invalid_client", problem.Category, problem.Subtype)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(problem.Message, "invalid keyless signer command") {
+		t.Fatalf("message = %q, want invalid signer command", problem.Message)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestResolveRegisterAuthMethod_PrivateKeyJWTRejectsUnavailableHardware(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", t.TempDir())
+	prevSigner := keysigner.Active()
+	t.Cleanup(func() { keysigner.Register(prevSigner) })
+	keysigner.Register(authMethodTestSigner{info: keysigner.HardwareInfo{
+		Backend: "tpm2",
+		Reason:  "open /dev/tpmrm0: permission denied",
+	}})
+
+	_, err := resolveRegisterAuthMethod(context.Background(), &cmdutil.Factory{}, core.AuthMethodPrivateKeyJWT)
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("private_key_jwt with unavailable signer hardware: expected error")
+	}
+	problem, ok := errs.ProblemOf(err)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("error is not typed: %T %[1]v", err)
+	}
+	if problem.Category != errs.CategoryConfig || problem.Subtype != errs.SubtypeInvalidClient {
+		t.Fatalf("problem = %s/%s, want config/invalid_client", problem.Category, problem.Subtype)
+	}
+	wantMessage := "this machine does not support --private-key-jwt"
+	if problem.Message != wantMessage {
+		t.Fatalf("message = %q, want %q", problem.Message, wantMessage)
+	}
+	if strings.Contains(problem.Message, "sks") || strings.Contains(problem.Message, "/dev/tpm") || strings.Contains(problem.Message, "tpm") || strings.Contains(problem.Message, "TEE") || strings.Contains(problem.Message, "Keychain") {
+		t.Fatalf("message exposes backend detail: %q", problem.Message)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(problem.Hint, "omit --private-key-jwt") {
+		t.Fatalf("hint = %q, want guidance to omit --private-key-jwt", problem.Hint)
+	}
+	if strings.Contains(problem.Hint, "fix the local signer") {
+		t.Fatalf("hint exposes unnecessary signer recovery: %q", problem.Hint)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestResolveRegisterAuthMethod_PrivateKeyJWTRejectsProbeError(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", t.TempDir())
+	probeErr := errors.New("probe exploded")
+	prevSigner := keysigner.Active()
+	t.Cleanup(func() { keysigner.Register(prevSigner) })
+	keysigner.Register(authMethodTestSigner{
+		info:     keysigner.HardwareInfo{Backend: "keychain"},
+		probeErr: probeErr,
+	})
+
+	_, err := resolveRegisterAuthMethod(context.Background(), &cmdutil.Factory{}, core.AuthMethodPrivateKeyJWT)
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("private_key_jwt with probe error: expected error")
+	}
+	if !errors.Is(err, probeErr) {
+		t.Fatalf("error does not preserve probe cause: %v", err)
+	}
+	problem, ok := errs.ProblemOf(err)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("error is not typed: %T %[1]v", err)
+	}
+	if problem.Category != errs.CategoryConfig || problem.Subtype != errs.SubtypeInvalidClient {
+		t.Fatalf("problem = %s/%s, want config/invalid_client", problem.Category, problem.Subtype)
+	}
+	wantMessage := "this machine does not support --private-key-jwt"
+	if problem.Message != wantMessage {
+		t.Fatalf("message = %q, want %q", problem.Message, wantMessage)
+	}
+	if strings.Contains(problem.Message, "probe") || strings.Contains(problem.Message, "keychain signer") {
+		t.Fatalf("message exposes probe detail: %q", problem.Message)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(problem.Hint, "omit --private-key-jwt") {
+		t.Fatalf("hint = %q, want guidance to omit --private-key-jwt", problem.Hint)
+	}
+	if strings.Contains(problem.Hint, "fix the local signer") {
+		t.Fatalf("hint exposes unnecessary signer recovery: %q", problem.Hint)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestConfigInitRun_PrivateKeyJWTRejectsBeforeInteractiveMode(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", t.TempDir())
+	prevSigner := keysigner.Active()
+	t.Cleanup(func() { keysigner.Register(prevSigner) })
+	keysigner.Register(authMethodTestSigner{info: keysigner.HardwareInfo{
+		Backend: "tpm2",
+		Reason:  "not available",
+	}})
+
+	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, nil)
+	f.IOStreams.IsTerminal = true
+	opts := &ConfigInitOptions{
+		Factory:       f,
+		Ctx:           context.Background(),
+		PrivateKeyJWT: true,
+		Lang:          "zh_cn",
+		UILang:        "zh_cn",
+	}
+
+	err := configInitRun(opts)
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("config init --private-key-jwt on unsupported machine: expected error before interactive mode")
+	}
+	problem, ok := errs.ProblemOf(err)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("error is not typed: %T %[1]v", err)
+	}
+	if problem.Category != errs.CategoryConfig || problem.Subtype != errs.SubtypeInvalidClient {
+		t.Fatalf("problem = %s/%s, want config/invalid_client", problem.Category, problem.Subtype)
+	}
+	if problem.Message != "this machine does not support --private-key-jwt" {
+		t.Fatalf("message = %q", problem.Message)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestExistingAppRequiresSecret(t *testing.T) {
+	if !existingAppRequiresSecret(core.AuthMethodClientSecret) {
+		t.Error("client_secret existing app should require App Secret")
+	}
+	if existingAppRequiresSecret("") != true {
+		t.Error("default existing app should require App Secret")
+	}
+	if existingAppRequiresSecret(core.AuthMethodPrivateKeyJWT) {
+		t.Error("private_key_jwt existing app should not require App Secret")
+	}
+}
+
+// TestValidatePKJWTKeyBinding covers the guard that rejects a registration
+// resolving to private_key_jwt with no signing key bound (e.g. an existing
+// secret-based app was selected on the confirm page).
+func TestValidatePKJWTKeyBinding(t *testing.T) {
+	if err := validatePKJWTKeyBinding(core.AuthMethodPrivateKeyJWT, ""); err == nil {
+		t.Error("pkjwt with empty keyLabel: expected error")
+	}
+	if err := validatePKJWTKeyBinding(core.AuthMethodPrivateKeyJWT, "agent-key"); err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("pkjwt with keyLabel: expected nil, got %v", err)
+	}
+	if err := validatePKJWTKeyBinding(core.AuthMethodClientSecret, ""); err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("client_secret: expected nil, got %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestResolveFinalAuthMethod locks the authoritative-method logic. The 2nd case
+// is the real bug: we requested private_key_jwt but the server resolved to an
+// existing client_secret app — we must persist client_secret, not pkjwt.
+func TestResolveFinalAuthMethod(t *testing.T) {
+	if m := resolveFinalAuthMethod([]string{"client_secret", "private_key_jwt"}, core.AuthMethodClientSecret); m != core.AuthMethodPrivateKeyJWT {
+		t.Errorf("prefers private_key_jwt: got %q", m)
+	}
+	if m := resolveFinalAuthMethod([]string{"client_secret"}, core.AuthMethodPrivateKeyJWT); m != core.AuthMethodClientSecret {
+		t.Errorf("server client_secret must override requested pkjwt: got %q", m)
+	}
+	if m := resolveFinalAuthMethod(nil, core.AuthMethodPrivateKeyJWT); m != core.AuthMethodPrivateKeyJWT {
+		t.Errorf("fallback to requested when server is silent: got %q", m)
+	}
+	// Explicit empty slice (not just nil) also falls back to requested — the same
+	// len()==0 back-compat allowance the init guard relies on to let private_key_jwt
+	// proceed against an older server (see internal/auth
+	// TestRequestAppRegistrationInit_EmptySupportedAuthMethods).
+	if m := resolveFinalAuthMethod([]string{}, core.AuthMethodPrivateKeyJWT); m != core.AuthMethodPrivateKeyJWT {
+		t.Errorf("empty []string should fall back to requested private_key_jwt: got %q", m)
+	}
+	if m := resolveFinalAuthMethod(nil, ""); m != core.AuthMethodClientSecret {
+		t.Errorf("default to client_secret: got %q", m)
+	}
+}
--- a/cmd/config/init_interactive.go
+++ b/cmd/config/init_interactive.go
@@ -5,33 +5,38 @@ package config

 import (
 	"context"
-	"errors"
 	"fmt"
-	"net"
+	"slices"
+	"strings"
+	"time"

 	"github.com/charmbracelet/huh"
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/brand"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/build"
 	qrcode "github.com/skip2/go-qrcode"

 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
 	larkauth "github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/auth"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/auth/jwt"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
-	configpkg "github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/config"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/keylesshelper"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/keysigner"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/output"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/transport"
 )

 // configInitResult holds the result of the interactive config init flow.
 type configInitResult struct {
-	Mode      string // "create" or "existing"
-	Brand     brand.Brand
-	AppID     string
-	AppSecret string
+	Mode       string // "create" or "existing"
+	Brand      core.LarkBrand
+	AppID      string
+	AppSecret  string
+	AuthMethod string // "" == client_secret; core.AuthMethodPrivateKeyJWT
+	KeyLabel   string // TEE key handle when AuthMethod == private_key_jwt
 }

 // runInteractiveConfigInit shows an interactive TUI for config init.
-func runInteractiveConfigInit(ctx context.Context, f *cmdutil.Factory, msg *initMsg) (*configInitResult, error) {
+func runInteractiveConfigInit(ctx context.Context, f *cmdutil.Factory, authMethodFlag string, msg *initMsg) (*configInitResult, error) {
 	// Phase 1: Choose mode
 	var mode string
 	form1 := huh.NewForm(
@@ -54,17 +59,21 @@ func runInteractiveConfigInit(ctx context.Context, f *cmdutil.Factory, msg *init
 	}

 	if mode == "existing" {
-		return runExistingAppForm(f, msg)
+		return runExistingAppForm(ctx, f, authMethodFlag, msg)
 	}

-	return runCreateAppFlow(ctx, f, "", msg)
+	return runCreateAppFlow(ctx, f, "", authMethodFlag, msg, "")
+}
+
+func existingAppRequiresSecret(requestedAuthMethod string) bool {
+	return requestedAuthMethod != core.AuthMethodPrivateKeyJWT
 }

 // runExistingAppForm shows a huh form for manually entering App ID / App Secret / Brand.
-func runExistingAppForm(f *cmdutil.Factory, msg *initMsg) (*configInitResult, error) {
+func runExistingAppForm(ctx context.Context, f *cmdutil.Factory, requestedAuthMethod string, msg *initMsg) (*configInitResult, error) {
 	// Load existing config for defaults
-	existing, _ := configpkg.LoadMultiAppConfig()
-	var firstApp *configpkg.AppConfig
+	existing, _ := core.LoadMultiAppConfig()
+	var firstApp *core.AppConfig
 	if existing != nil {
 		firstApp = existing.CurrentAppConfig("")
 	}
@@ -95,19 +104,31 @@ func runExistingAppForm(f *cmdutil.Factory, msg *initMsg) (*configInitResult, er
 		brand = string(firstApp.Brand)
 	}

-	form := huh.NewForm(
-		huh.NewGroup(
-			appIDInput,
-			appSecretInput,
-			huh.NewSelect[string]().
-				Title(msg.Platform).
-				Options(
-					huh.NewOption(msg.Feishu, "feishu"),
-					huh.NewOption("Lark", "lark"),
-				).
-				Value(&brand),
-		),
-	).WithTheme(cmdutil.ThemeFeishu())
+	brandSelect := huh.NewSelect[string]().
+		Title(msg.Platform).
+		Options(
+			huh.NewOption(msg.Feishu, "feishu"),
+			huh.NewOption("Lark", "lark"),
+		).
+		Value(&brand)
+
+	var form *huh.Form
+	if existingAppRequiresSecret(requestedAuthMethod) {
+		form = huh.NewForm(
+			huh.NewGroup(
+				appIDInput,
+				appSecretInput,
+				brandSelect,
+			),
+		).WithTheme(cmdutil.ThemeFeishu())
+	} else {
+		form = huh.NewForm(
+			huh.NewGroup(
+				appIDInput,
+				brandSelect,
+			),
+		).WithTheme(cmdutil.ThemeFeishu())
+	}

 	if err := form.Run(); err != nil {
 		if err == huh.ErrUserAborted {
@@ -120,6 +141,13 @@ func runExistingAppForm(f *cmdutil.Factory, msg *initMsg) (*configInitResult, er
 	if appID == "" && firstApp != nil {
 		appID = firstApp.AppId
 	}
+	if !existingAppRequiresSecret(requestedAuthMethod) {
+		if appID == "" {
+			return nil, errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, "App ID cannot be empty").
+				WithParam("--app-id")
+		}
+		return runCreateAppFlow(ctx, f, parseBrand(brand), core.AuthMethodPrivateKeyJWT, msg, appID)
+	}
 	if appSecret == "" && firstApp != nil && !firstApp.AppSecret.IsZero() {
 		// Keep existing secret - caller will handle
 		return &configInitResult{
@@ -149,10 +177,56 @@ func runExistingAppForm(f *cmdutil.Factory, msg *initMsg) (*configInitResult, er
 	}, nil
 }

+// resolveRegisterAuthMethod decides the auth method for a new-app registration.
+// An explicit private_key_jwt request wins; otherwise the default is
+// client_secret with no extra prompt.
+func resolveRegisterAuthMethod(ctx context.Context, _ *cmdutil.Factory, requested string) (string, error) {
+	const pkjwtUnsupportedMessage = "this machine does not support --private-key-jwt"
+
+	switch requested {
+	case core.AuthMethodPrivateKeyJWT:
+		if keylesshelper.ConfiguredFromEnvironment() {
+			if err := validateKeylessSignerEnvironment(); err != nil {
+				return "", err
+			}
+			return core.AuthMethodPrivateKeyJWT, nil
+		}
+		info, ok, err := keysigner.ProbeActiveHardware(ctx)
+		if !ok {
+			return "", errs.NewConfigError(errs.SubtypeInvalidClient,
+				pkjwtUnsupportedMessage).
+				WithHint("omit --private-key-jwt to register with an app secret")
+		}
+		if err != nil {
+			return "", errs.NewConfigError(errs.SubtypeInvalidClient,
+				pkjwtUnsupportedMessage).
+				WithCause(err).
+				WithHint("omit --private-key-jwt to register with an app secret")
+		}
+		if !info.Available {
+			return "", errs.NewConfigError(errs.SubtypeInvalidClient,
+				pkjwtUnsupportedMessage).
+				WithHint("omit --private-key-jwt to register with an app secret")
+		}
+		return core.AuthMethodPrivateKeyJWT, nil
+	case core.AuthMethodClientSecret:
+		return core.AuthMethodClientSecret, nil
+	case "":
+		return core.AuthMethodClientSecret, nil
+	default:
+		return "", errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument,
+			"unknown auth method %q (use client_secret or private_key_jwt)", requested)
+	}
+}
+
 // runCreateAppFlow runs the "create new app" flow via OpenClaw device flow.
 // If brandOverride is non-empty, skip the interactive brand selection.
-func runCreateAppFlow(ctx context.Context, f *cmdutil.Factory, brandOverride brand.Brand, msg *initMsg) (*configInitResult, error) {
-	var larkBrand brand.Brand
+// requestedAuthMethod is the requested auth method; empty means client_secret.
+// restoreAppID, when non-empty, is sent on the registration begin request so the
+// server re-registers that existing app (credential recovery) instead of creating
+// a new one. Empty preserves the normal new-app flow.
+func runCreateAppFlow(ctx context.Context, f *cmdutil.Factory, brandOverride core.LarkBrand, requestedAuthMethod string, msg *initMsg, restoreAppID string) (*configInitResult, error) {
+	var larkBrand core.LarkBrand
 	if brandOverride != "" {
 		larkBrand = brandOverride
 	} else {
@@ -179,17 +253,63 @@ func runCreateAppFlow(ctx context.Context, f *cmdutil.Factory, brandOverride bra
 		larkBrand = parseBrand(brand)
 	}

-	// Step 1: Request app registration (begin)
+	authMethod, err := resolveRegisterAuthMethod(ctx, f, requestedAuthMethod)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	// Step 1: Request app registration (begin).
 	// Use the shared proxy-plugin-aware transport so registration traffic is not
 	// a bypass of proxy plugin mode.
 	httpClient := transport.NewHTTPClient(0)
-	authResp, err := larkauth.RequestAppRegistration(ctx, httpClient, larkBrand, f.IOStreams.ErrOut)
+
+	// For private_key_jwt: init to obtain a nonce, then sign a TEE attestation
+	// (carrying the public key in its jwk header) to send with begin.
+	beginOpts := larkauth.AppRegistrationBeginOptions{}
+	keyLabel := ""
+	if authMethod == core.AuthMethodPrivateKeyJWT {
+		initResp, initErr := larkauth.RequestAppRegistrationInit(httpClient)
+		if initErr != nil {
+			return nil, errs.NewConfigError(errs.SubtypeInvalidClient, "app registration init failed: %v", initErr).WithCause(initErr)
+		}
+		// An empty SupportedAuthMethods is intentionally treated as "older server /
+		// unknown": len()==0 makes this guard false, so the requested
+		// private_key_jwt proceeds. This mirrors resolveFinalAuthMethod's
+		// back-compat fallback to the requested method. Only an explicit list that
+		// omits private_key_jwt rejects here.
+		if len(initResp.SupportedAuthMethods) > 0 && !slices.Contains(initResp.SupportedAuthMethods, core.AuthMethodPrivateKeyJWT) {
+			return nil, errs.NewConfigError(errs.SubtypeInvalidClient,
+				"server does not support private_key_jwt for this app type (supported: %s)", strings.Join(initResp.SupportedAuthMethods, ", ")).
+				WithHint("omit --private-key-jwt to register with an app secret instead")
+		}
+		keyLabel = keysigner.DefaultKeyLabel
+		var attestation string
+		var signErr error
+		if keylesshelper.ConfiguredFromEnvironment() {
+			attestation, signErr = keylesshelper.SignAttestation(ctx, keyLabel, initResp.Nonce)
+		} else {
+			signer := keysigner.Active() // non-nil, guaranteed by resolveRegisterAuthMethod
+			attestation, signErr = jwt.SignAttestation(ctx, signer, keysigner.KeyRef{Label: keyLabel}, initResp.Nonce, time.Now())
+		}
+		if signErr != nil {
+			return nil, errs.NewConfigError(errs.SubtypeInvalidClient, "failed to sign registration attestation: %v", signErr).WithCause(signErr)
+		}
+		beginOpts = larkauth.AppRegistrationBeginOptions{
+			AuthMethod:      core.AuthMethodPrivateKeyJWT,
+			AuthAttestation: attestation,
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Restore flow: re-register the existing app instead of creating a new one.
+	beginOpts.RestoreAppID = restoreAppID
+
+	authResp, err := larkauth.RequestAppRegistration(httpClient, larkBrand, beginOpts, f.IOStreams.ErrOut)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, classifyRegistrationBeginError(err)
+		return nil, errs.NewConfigError(errs.SubtypeInvalidClient, "app registration failed: %v", err).WithCause(err)
 	}

 	// Step 2: Build and display verification URL + QR code
-	verificationURL := larkauth.BuildVerificationURL(authResp.VerificationUriComplete, build.Version)
+	verificationURL := larkauth.BuildVerificationURL(authResp.VerificationUriComplete, build.Version, restoreAppID)

 	// Branch on TTY: human-friendly copy in interactive terminals,
 	// preserve original copy for AI / non-interactive callers.
@@ -211,61 +331,104 @@ func runCreateAppFlow(ctx context.Context, f *cmdutil.Factory, brandOverride bra
 		fmt.Fprintf(f.IOStreams.ErrOut, "  %s\n\n", verificationURL)
 		fmt.Fprintf(f.IOStreams.ErrOut, "%s\n", msg.WaitingForScanNonTTY)
 	}
-	// Step 4: Poll for credentials (brand discovery lives in internal/auth);
-	// this layer only classifies the terminal error and saves the result.
-	result, finalBrand, err := larkauth.RegisterAppWithDiscovery(ctx, httpClient, authResp, f.IOStreams.ErrOut)
+	result, err := larkauth.PollAppRegistration(ctx, httpClient, core.BrandFeishu, authResp.DeviceCode, authResp.Interval, authResp.ExpiresIn, f.IOStreams.ErrOut)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, classifyRegistrationError(err)
+		return nil, errs.NewAuthenticationError(errs.SubtypeUnknown, "%v", err).WithCause(err)
 	}

-	if result.ClientID == "" || result.ClientSecret == "" {
-		return nil, errs.NewConfigError(errs.SubtypeInvalidClient, "app registration succeeded but missing client_id or client_secret")
+	// The final auth method is decided by the user/admin at confirmation and
+	// returned by poll — NOT necessarily what we requested. Selecting an existing
+	// client_secret app, for example, yields client_secret even though we sent
+	// private_key_jwt. Trust the result so we persist the truth.
+	finalMethod := resolveFinalAuthMethod(result.AuthMethods, authMethod)
+
+	// Lark brand special case (client_secret only): a lark-tenant app returns its
+	// secret only from the lark endpoint. private_key_jwt returns no secret, so
+	// this retry does not apply.
+	if finalMethod != core.AuthMethodPrivateKeyJWT && result.ClientSecret == "" && result.UserInfo != nil && result.UserInfo.TenantBrand == "lark" {
+		result, err = larkauth.PollAppRegistration(ctx, httpClient, core.BrandLark, authResp.DeviceCode, authResp.Interval, authResp.ExpiresIn, f.IOStreams.ErrOut)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, errs.NewNetworkError(errs.SubtypeNetworkTransport, "lark endpoint retry failed: %v", err).WithCause(err)
+		}
+		finalMethod = resolveFinalAuthMethod(result.AuthMethods, authMethod)
+	}
+
+	if result.ClientID == "" {
+		return nil, errs.NewConfigError(errs.SubtypeInvalidClient, "app registration succeeded but missing app_id")
+	}
+	if finalMethod != core.AuthMethodPrivateKeyJWT && result.ClientSecret == "" {
+		return nil, errs.NewConfigError(errs.SubtypeInvalidClient, "app registration succeeded but missing client_secret")
+	}
+
+	// Determine final brand from response
+	finalBrand := larkBrand
+	if result.UserInfo != nil && result.UserInfo.TenantBrand == "lark" {
+		finalBrand = core.BrandLark
+	} else if result.UserInfo != nil && result.UserInfo.TenantBrand == "feishu" {
+		finalBrand = core.BrandFeishu
+	}
+
+	// Surface a downgrade: requested private_key_jwt but the app resolved to a
+	// secret-based method (e.g. an existing app was selected). The key was NOT
+	// bound, so we must store the secret method, not private_key_jwt.
+	if authMethod == core.AuthMethodPrivateKeyJWT && finalMethod != core.AuthMethodPrivateKeyJWT {
+		fmt.Fprintf(f.IOStreams.ErrOut, "[lark-cli] note: requested private_key_jwt, but the app uses %q (e.g. an existing app was selected); storing %q.\n", finalMethod, finalMethod)
 	}

 	fmt.Fprintln(f.IOStreams.ErrOut)
 	output.PrintSuccess(f.IOStreams.ErrOut, fmt.Sprintf(msg.AppCreated, result.ClientID))

+	keyToStore := ""
+	if finalMethod == core.AuthMethodPrivateKeyJWT {
+		keyToStore = keyLabel
+	}
+	if err := validatePKJWTKeyBinding(finalMethod, keyToStore); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
 	return &configInitResult{
-		Mode:      "create",
-		Brand:     finalBrand,
-		AppID:     result.ClientID,
-		AppSecret: result.ClientSecret,
+		Mode:       "create",
+		Brand:      finalBrand,
+		AppID:      result.ClientID,
+		AppSecret:  result.ClientSecret, // empty for private_key_jwt; real secret otherwise
+		AuthMethod: finalMethod,
+		KeyLabel:   keyToStore,
 	}, nil
 }

-// classifyRegistrationBeginError keeps transport/cancellation failures out of
-// the invalid-client category: the begin request sends no app credentials.
-func classifyRegistrationBeginError(err error) error {
-	switch {
-	case errors.Is(err, context.Canceled):
-		return errs.NewAuthenticationError(errs.SubtypeUnknown, "app registration cancelled").WithCause(err)
-	case errors.Is(err, context.DeadlineExceeded):
-		return errs.NewNetworkError(errs.SubtypeNetworkTimeout, "app registration begin timed out: %v", err).WithCause(err)
+// validatePKJWTKeyBinding rejects a registration that resolved to
+// private_key_jwt without a signing key bound to it. keyLabel is non-empty only
+// when the local flow chose private_key_jwt and signed a TEE attestation; a
+// resolved method of private_key_jwt with no key handle would save an unusable
+// config (rejected later at config load, surfacing as "saved OK, fails on first
+// use"), so it is caught here at registration time instead.
+func validatePKJWTKeyBinding(finalMethod, keyLabel string) error {
+	if finalMethod == core.AuthMethodPrivateKeyJWT && keyLabel == "" {
+		return errs.NewConfigError(errs.SubtypeInvalidClient,
+			"registration resolved to private_key_jwt but no signing key was bound to this app (an existing secret-based app may have been selected)").
+			WithHint("re-register with: lark-cli config init --new --private-key-jwt")
 	}
-	var netErr net.Error
-	if errors.As(err, &netErr) {
-		subtype := errs.SubtypeNetworkTransport
-		if netErr.Timeout() {
-			subtype = errs.SubtypeNetworkTimeout
-		}
-		return errs.NewNetworkError(subtype, "app registration begin failed: %v", err).WithCause(err)
-	}
-	return errs.NewAPIError(errs.SubtypeUnknown, "app registration begin failed: %v", err).WithCause(err)
+	return nil
 }

-// classifyRegistrationError maps registration terminal outcomes to typed
-// errors, preserving causes.
-func classifyRegistrationError(err error) error {
-	switch {
-	case errors.Is(err, larkauth.ErrRegistrationDenied):
-		return errs.NewAuthenticationError(errs.SubtypeUnknown, "%v", err).
-			WithHint("re-run `lark-cli config init --new` and approve the authorization request").
-			WithCause(err)
-	case errors.Is(err, larkauth.ErrRegistrationExpired), errors.Is(err, larkauth.ErrRegistrationTimedOut):
-		return errs.NewAuthenticationError(errs.SubtypeTokenExpired, "%v", err).
-			WithHint("re-run `lark-cli config init --new` and complete the scan before the code expires").
-			WithCause(err)
-	default:
-		return errs.NewAuthenticationError(errs.SubtypeUnknown, "app registration failed: %v", err).WithCause(err)
+// resolveFinalAuthMethod picks the authoritative method from the poll result,
+// preferring private_key_jwt, then client_secret. It falls back to the requested
+// method when the server returns nothing (older servers).
+func resolveFinalAuthMethod(serverMethods []string, requested string) string {
+	if len(serverMethods) == 0 {
+		if requested == "" {
+			return core.AuthMethodClientSecret
+		}
+		return requested
 	}
+	for _, m := range serverMethods {
+		if m == core.AuthMethodPrivateKeyJWT {
+			return core.AuthMethodPrivateKeyJWT
+		}
+	}
+	for _, m := range serverMethods {
+		if m == core.AuthMethodClientSecret {
+			return core.AuthMethodClientSecret
+		}
+	}
+	return serverMethods[0]
 }
--- a/cmd/config/init_interactive_test.go
+++ b/cmd/config/init_interactive_test.go
@@ -1,70 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
-
-package config
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"errors"
-	"net"
-	"testing"
-
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
-	larkauth "github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/auth"
-)
-
-func assertRegistrationProblem(t *testing.T, got, cause error, category errs.Category, subtype errs.Subtype) *errs.Problem {
-	t.Helper()
-	p, ok := errs.ProblemOf(got)
-	if !ok {
-		t.Fatalf("error %T is not typed: %v", got, got)
-	}
-	if p.Category != category || p.Subtype != subtype {
-		t.Errorf("problem = (%q, %q), want (%q, %q)", p.Category, p.Subtype, category, subtype)
-	}
-	if !errors.Is(got, cause) {
-		t.Errorf("error %v does not preserve cause %v", got, cause)
-	}
-	return p
-}
-
-func TestClassifyRegistrationBeginError(t *testing.T) {
-	tests := []struct {
-		name     string
-		err      error
-		category errs.Category
-		subtype  errs.Subtype
-	}{
-		{"cancelled", context.Canceled, errs.CategoryAuthentication, errs.SubtypeUnknown},
-		{"deadline", context.DeadlineExceeded, errs.CategoryNetwork, errs.SubtypeNetworkTimeout},
-		{"transport", &net.DNSError{Err: "lookup failed", Name: "accounts.example"}, errs.CategoryNetwork, errs.SubtypeNetworkTransport},
-		{"response", errors.New("response not JSON"), errs.CategoryAPI, errs.SubtypeUnknown},
-	}
-	for _, tt := range tests {
-		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			assertRegistrationProblem(t, classifyRegistrationBeginError(tt.err), tt.err, tt.category, tt.subtype)
-		})
-	}
-}
-
-func TestClassifyRegistrationError(t *testing.T) {
-	tests := []struct {
-		name    string
-		err     error
-		subtype errs.Subtype
-		hint    bool
-	}{
-		{"denied", larkauth.ErrRegistrationDenied, errs.SubtypeUnknown, true},
-		{"expired", larkauth.ErrRegistrationExpired, errs.SubtypeTokenExpired, true},
-		{"timed-out", larkauth.ErrRegistrationTimedOut, errs.SubtypeTokenExpired, true},
-		{"cancelled", context.Canceled, errs.SubtypeUnknown, false},
-	}
-	for _, tt := range tests {
-		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			p := assertRegistrationProblem(t, classifyRegistrationError(tt.err), tt.err, errs.CategoryAuthentication, tt.subtype)
-			if (p.Hint != "") != tt.hint {
-				t.Errorf("hint = %q, want non-empty=%v", p.Hint, tt.hint)
-			}
-		})
-	}
-}
--- a/cmd/config/init_probe.go
+++ b/cmd/config/init_probe.go
@@ -11,11 +11,13 @@ import (
 	"net/http"
 	"time"

-	brandpkg "github.com/larksuite/cli/brand"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/build"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/credential"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/keylesshelper"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/keysigner"
 )

 // probeTimeout is the total wall-clock budget for the credential probe step
@@ -47,7 +49,7 @@ const probeTimeout = 3 * time.Second
 //  2. If TAT succeeded, a POST to the probe endpoint is fired. The outcome of
 //     that call (success, server error, timeout, parse failure) is always
 //     ignored — return nil regardless.
-func runProbe(parent context.Context, factory *cmdutil.Factory, appID, appSecret string, brand brandpkg.Brand) error {
+func runProbe(parent context.Context, factory *cmdutil.Factory, appID, appSecret string, brand core.LarkBrand) error {
 	if factory == nil {
 		return nil
 	}
@@ -73,7 +75,7 @@ func runProbe(parent context.Context, factory *cmdutil.Factory, appID, appSecret
 	}

 	// TAT succeeded — fire the probe call. Any outcome is ignored.
-	url := brandpkg.ResolveEndpoints(brand).Open + "/open-apis/application/v6/larksuite_cli_app/probe"
+	url := core.ResolveEndpoints(brand).Open + "/open-apis/application/v6/larksuite_cli_app/probe"
 	body := []byte(fmt.Sprintf(`{"from":"lark-cli/%s"}`, build.Version))
 	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodPost, url, bytes.NewReader(body))
 	if err != nil {
@@ -90,3 +92,36 @@ func runProbe(parent context.Context, factory *cmdutil.Factory, appID, appSecret
 	_, _ = io.Copy(io.Discard, resp.Body)
 	return nil
 }
+
+// runProbePKJWT does a best-effort key-binding validation after a private_key_jwt
+// config is saved: it signs a client_assertion with the local platform key and
+// mints a token. A typed error (a deterministic server rejection — e.g. the key
+// is not bound to this app) is propagated so `config init` exits non-zero with
+// the canonical envelope; untyped errors (transport / HTTP / parse / timeout)
+// are swallowed (return nil). The mint itself is the probe — no second call.
+func runProbePKJWT(parent context.Context, factory *cmdutil.Factory, brand core.LarkBrand, clientID string, signer keysigner.Signer, keyLabel string) error {
+	if factory == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	helper, err := keylesshelper.Resolve()
+	if err != nil || (signer == nil && helper == nil) {
+		return nil
+	}
+	httpClient, err := factory.HttpClient()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(parent, probeTimeout)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	if _, err := credential.FetchTATWithAssertionWithHelper(ctx, httpClient, brand, clientID, signer, helper, keyLabel); err != nil {
+		// Typed = deterministic credential rejection → propagate. Untyped
+		// (transport / HTTP / parse / timeout) is ambiguous → stay silent.
+		if errs.IsTyped(err) {
+			return err
+		}
+		return nil
+	}
+	return nil
+}
--- a/cmd/config/init_probe_test.go
+++ b/cmd/config/init_probe_test.go
@@ -6,6 +6,11 @@ package config
 import (
 	"bytes"
 	"context"
+	"crypto"
+	"crypto/ecdsa"
+	"crypto/elliptic"
+	crand "crypto/rand"
+	"crypto/sha256"
 	"errors"
 	"io"
 	"net/http"
@@ -13,18 +18,21 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 	"time"

-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/brand"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/build"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/keysigner"
 )

 // fakeRT routes requests to per-path handlers and records what it saw.
 type fakeRT struct {
 	tatHandler   func(req *http.Request) (*http.Response, error)
 	probeHandler func(req *http.Request) (*http.Response, error)
+	oauthHandler func(req *http.Request) (*http.Response, error)
 	tatCalls     int
 	probeCalls   int
+	oauthCalls   int
 	probeReq     *http.Request
 	probeBody    string
 }
@@ -48,10 +56,50 @@ func (f *fakeRT) RoundTrip(req *http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
 			return jsonResp(200, `{"code":0,"data":{},"msg":"success"}`), nil
 		}
 		return f.probeHandler(req)
+	case strings.HasSuffix(req.URL.Path, "/authen/v2/oauth/token"):
+		f.oauthCalls++
+		if f.oauthHandler == nil {
+			return jsonResp(200, `{"access_token":"test-token"}`), nil
+		}
+		return f.oauthHandler(req)
 	}
 	return nil, errors.New("unexpected URL: " + req.URL.String())
 }

+// probeTestSigner is an in-memory real ECDSA P-256 signer used to sign the
+// client_assertion in runProbePKJWT tests (authMethodTestSigner returns a nil
+// key and cannot sign).
+type probeTestSigner struct{ key *ecdsa.PrivateKey }
+
+func newProbeTestSigner(t *testing.T) *probeTestSigner {
+	t.Helper()
+	k, err := ecdsa.GenerateKey(elliptic.P256(), crand.Reader)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	return &probeTestSigner{key: k}
+}
+
+func (p *probeTestSigner) EnsureKey(context.Context, keysigner.KeyRef) (crypto.PublicKey, error) {
+	return p.key.Public(), nil
+}
+
+func (p *probeTestSigner) PublicKey(context.Context, keysigner.KeyRef) (crypto.PublicKey, error) {
+	return p.key.Public(), nil
+}
+
+func (p *probeTestSigner) Sign(_ context.Context, _ keysigner.KeyRef, in []byte) ([]byte, string, error) {
+	h := sha256.Sum256(in)
+	r, s, err := ecdsa.Sign(crand.Reader, p.key, h[:])
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, "", err
+	}
+	sig := make([]byte, 64)
+	r.FillBytes(sig[:32])
+	s.FillBytes(sig[32:])
+	return sig, keysigner.AlgES256, nil
+}
+
 func jsonResp(code int, body string) *http.Response {
 	return &http.Response{
 		StatusCode: code,
@@ -132,7 +180,7 @@ func TestRunProbe_TATInvalidClient_ReturnsConfigError(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 	f, errBuf := fakeFactory(t, rt)

-	err := runProbe(context.Background(), f, "cli_x", "secret_y", brand.Feishu)
+	err := runProbe(context.Background(), f, "cli_x", "secret_y", core.BrandFeishu)

 	if rt.probeCalls != 0 {
 		t.Error("probe endpoint must not be called when TAT fails")
@@ -148,7 +196,7 @@ func TestRunProbe_TATUnauthorizedClient_ReturnsConfigError(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	}
 	f, errBuf := fakeFactory(t, rt)
-	assertConfigRejection(t, runProbe(context.Background(), f, "cli_x", "secret_y", brand.Feishu), errBuf)
+	assertConfigRejection(t, runProbe(context.Background(), f, "cli_x", "secret_y", core.BrandFeishu), errBuf)
 }

 // Any other deterministic client-side OAuth error (e.g. invalid_scope) falls
@@ -161,7 +209,7 @@ func TestRunProbe_TATOtherClientError_Propagates(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	}
 	f, errBuf := fakeFactory(t, rt)
-	err := runProbe(context.Background(), f, "cli_x", "secret_y", brand.Feishu)
+	err := runProbe(context.Background(), f, "cli_x", "secret_y", core.BrandFeishu)
 	if err == nil || !errs.IsTyped(err) {
 		t.Fatalf("expected a propagated typed error, got %T: %v", err, err)
 	}
@@ -180,7 +228,7 @@ func TestRunProbe_TATHTTPNon200_Silent(t *testing.T) {
 			},
 		}
 		f, errBuf := fakeFactory(t, rt)
-		assertSilent(t, runProbe(context.Background(), f, "cli_x", "secret_y", brand.Feishu), errBuf)
+		assertSilent(t, runProbe(context.Background(), f, "cli_x", "secret_y", core.BrandFeishu), errBuf)
 	}
 }

@@ -191,7 +239,7 @@ func TestRunProbe_TATTransportError_Silent(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	}
 	f, errBuf := fakeFactory(t, rt)
-	assertSilent(t, runProbe(context.Background(), f, "cli_x", "secret_y", brand.Feishu), errBuf)
+	assertSilent(t, runProbe(context.Background(), f, "cli_x", "secret_y", core.BrandFeishu), errBuf)
 }

 func TestRunProbe_TATSuccess_ProbeFails_Silent(t *testing.T) {
@@ -201,17 +249,19 @@ func TestRunProbe_TATSuccess_ProbeFails_Silent(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	}
 	f, errBuf := fakeFactory(t, rt)
-	err := runProbe(context.Background(), f, "cli_x", "secret_y", brand.Feishu)
+	err := runProbe(context.Background(), f, "cli_x", "secret_y", core.BrandFeishu)
 	if rt.probeCalls != 1 {
 		t.Errorf("probe should be called once, got %d", rt.probeCalls)
 	}
 	assertSilent(t, err, errBuf)
 }

-func TestRunProbe_TATSuccess_ProbeOK_Silent(t *testing.T) {
+func TestProbeInitResult_ClientSecret(t *testing.T) {
 	rt := &fakeRT{}
 	f, errBuf := fakeFactory(t, rt)
-	err := runProbe(context.Background(), f, "cli_x", "secret_y", brand.Feishu)
+	opts := &ConfigInitOptions{Ctx: context.Background()}
+	result := &configInitResult{AppID: "cli_x", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: core.BrandFeishu}
+	err := probeInitResult(opts, f, result)
 	if rt.tatCalls != 1 || rt.probeCalls != 1 {
 		t.Errorf("expected 1/1 calls, got tat=%d probe=%d", rt.tatCalls, rt.probeCalls)
 	}
@@ -221,7 +271,7 @@ func TestRunProbe_TATSuccess_ProbeOK_Silent(t *testing.T) {
 func TestRunProbe_ProbeRequestShape(t *testing.T) {
 	rt := &fakeRT{}
 	f, _ := fakeFactory(t, rt)
-	if err := runProbe(context.Background(), f, "cli_x", "secret_y", brand.Feishu); err != nil {
+	if err := runProbe(context.Background(), f, "cli_x", "secret_y", core.BrandFeishu); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
 	}

@@ -245,7 +295,7 @@ func TestRunProbe_ProbeRequestShape(t *testing.T) {
 func TestRunProbe_LarkBrand_HostRoutedCorrectly(t *testing.T) {
 	rt := &fakeRT{}
 	f, _ := fakeFactory(t, rt)
-	if err := runProbe(context.Background(), f, "cli_x", "secret_y", brand.Lark); err != nil {
+	if err := runProbe(context.Background(), f, "cli_x", "secret_y", core.BrandLark); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
 	}
 	if rt.probeReq == nil {
@@ -262,7 +312,7 @@ func TestRunProbe_HTTPClientError_Silent(t *testing.T) {
 	f.HttpClient = func() (*http.Client, error) {
 		return nil, errors.New("client init failed")
 	}
-	assertSilent(t, runProbe(context.Background(), f, "cli_x", "secret_y", brand.Feishu), errBuf)
+	assertSilent(t, runProbe(context.Background(), f, "cli_x", "secret_y", core.BrandFeishu), errBuf)
 }

 func TestRunProbe_TimeoutHonored(t *testing.T) {
@@ -275,7 +325,7 @@ func TestRunProbe_TimeoutHonored(t *testing.T) {
 	f, errBuf := fakeFactory(t, rt)

 	start := time.Now()
-	err := runProbe(context.Background(), f, "cli_x", "secret_y", brand.Feishu)
+	err := runProbe(context.Background(), f, "cli_x", "secret_y", core.BrandFeishu)
 	elapsed := time.Since(start)

 	if elapsed > 4*time.Second {
@@ -285,3 +335,47 @@ func TestRunProbe_TimeoutHonored(t *testing.T) {
 	// must stay silent and not block.
 	assertSilent(t, err, errBuf)
 }
+
+// runProbePKJWT: a deterministic server rejection (invalid_client) is propagated
+// as a typed ConfigError so config init exits non-zero.
+func TestRunProbePKJWT_DeterministicReject_Propagates(t *testing.T) {
+	rt := &fakeRT{oauthHandler: func(*http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
+		return jsonResp(401, `{"error":"invalid_client","error_description":"unknown key"}`), nil
+	}}
+	f, errBuf := fakeFactory(t, rt)
+	err := runProbePKJWT(context.Background(), f, core.BrandFeishu, "cli_x", newProbeTestSigner(t), "agent-key")
+	if err == nil || !errs.IsTyped(err) {
+		t.Fatalf("expected propagated typed error, got %T %v", err, err)
+	}
+	if errBuf.Len() != 0 {
+		t.Errorf("runProbePKJWT must not write stderr, got %q", errBuf.String())
+	}
+}
+
+// runProbePKJWT: ambiguous upstream noise (HTTP 503) is swallowed — silent, exit 0.
+func TestRunProbePKJWT_Ambiguous_Silent(t *testing.T) {
+	rt := &fakeRT{oauthHandler: func(*http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
+		return jsonResp(503, `unavailable`), nil
+	}}
+	f, errBuf := fakeFactory(t, rt)
+	assertSilent(t, runProbePKJWT(context.Background(), f, core.BrandFeishu, "cli_x", newProbeTestSigner(t), "agent-key"), errBuf)
+}
+
+// probeInitResult dispatches private_key_jwt to the assertion-backed probe.
+func TestProbeInitResult_PrivateKeyJWT(t *testing.T) {
+	rt := &fakeRT{} // default oauth handler returns 200 + access_token
+	f, errBuf := fakeFactory(t, rt)
+	previous := keysigner.Active()
+	keysigner.Register(newProbeTestSigner(t))
+	t.Cleanup(func() { keysigner.Register(previous) })
+	opts := &ConfigInitOptions{Ctx: context.Background()}
+	result := &configInitResult{AppID: "cli_x", AuthMethod: core.AuthMethodPrivateKeyJWT, KeyLabel: "agent-key", Brand: core.BrandFeishu}
+	assertSilent(t, probeInitResult(opts, f, result), errBuf)
+}
+
+// runProbePKJWT: a nil signer is a defensive no-op (should not be reached, must
+// not panic).
+func TestRunProbePKJWT_NilSigner_Silent(t *testing.T) {
+	f, errBuf := fakeFactory(t, &fakeRT{})
+	assertSilent(t, runProbePKJWT(context.Background(), f, core.BrandFeishu, "cli_x", nil, "k"), errBuf)
+}
--- a/cmd/config/init_test.go
+++ b/cmd/config/init_test.go
@@ -8,60 +8,74 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"testing"

-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/brand"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
-	configpkg "github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/config"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/keychain"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/output"
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/secret"
 )

+// TestRunRestoreFlow_NothingToRestore covers the early guards that return before
+// any network/registration call: no config at all, and a config whose resolved
+// app has no app id (nothing to send on begin).
+func TestRunRestoreFlow_NothingToRestore(t *testing.T) {
+	// No config on disk.
+	if err := runRestoreFlow(&ConfigInitOptions{}, nil, nil, nil); err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected error when there is no config to restore")
+	}
+	// Config present but the resolved app has no app id.
+	existing := &core.MultiAppConfig{Apps: []core.AppConfig{{AppId: ""}}}
+	if err := runRestoreFlow(&ConfigInitOptions{}, existing, nil, nil); err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected error when the resolved app has no app id")
+	}
+}
+
 // updateExistingProfileWithoutSecret guards four blank-input scenarios. Each
 // must surface as *ValidationError(SubtypeInvalidArgument) per RFC 6749 §5.2:
 // SubtypeInvalidClient is reserved for IAM rejection of malformed credentials,
 // not for missing user input.

 func TestUpdateExistingProfileWithoutSecret_NilConfig_EmitsValidationError(t *testing.T) {
-	err := updateExistingProfileWithoutSecret(nil, "", "cli_test", brand.Feishu, "en")
+	err := updateExistingProfileWithoutSecret(nil, "", "cli_test", core.BrandFeishu, "en")
 	assertValidationParam(t, err, "--app-secret")
 }

 func TestUpdateExistingProfileWithoutSecret_UnknownProfile_EmitsValidationError(t *testing.T) {
-	existing := &configpkg.MultiAppConfig{
-		Apps: []configpkg.AppConfig{{
+	existing := &core.MultiAppConfig{
+		Apps: []core.AppConfig{{
 			Name:      "default",
 			AppId:     "app-default",
-			AppSecret: secret.PlainSecret("secret-default"),
-			Brand:     brand.Feishu,
+			AppSecret: core.PlainSecret("secret-default"),
+			Brand:     core.BrandFeishu,
 		}},
 	}
-	err := updateExistingProfileWithoutSecret(existing, "missing-profile", "cli_test", brand.Feishu, "en")
+	err := updateExistingProfileWithoutSecret(existing, "missing-profile", "cli_test", core.BrandFeishu, "en")
 	assertValidationParam(t, err, "--app-secret")
 }

 func TestUpdateExistingProfileWithoutSecret_NoCurrentApp_EmitsValidationError(t *testing.T) {
-	existing := &configpkg.MultiAppConfig{
+	existing := &core.MultiAppConfig{
 		CurrentApp: "missing",
-		Apps: []configpkg.AppConfig{{
+		Apps: []core.AppConfig{{
 			Name:      "default",
 			AppId:     "app-default",
-			AppSecret: secret.PlainSecret("secret-default"),
-			Brand:     brand.Feishu,
+			AppSecret: core.PlainSecret("secret-default"),
+			Brand:     core.BrandFeishu,
 		}},
 	}
-	err := updateExistingProfileWithoutSecret(existing, "", "cli_test", brand.Feishu, "en")
+	err := updateExistingProfileWithoutSecret(existing, "", "cli_test", core.BrandFeishu, "en")
 	assertValidationParam(t, err, "--app-secret")
 }

 func TestUpdateExistingProfileWithoutSecret_AppIdMismatch_EmitsValidationError(t *testing.T) {
-	existing := &configpkg.MultiAppConfig{
-		Apps: []configpkg.AppConfig{{
+	existing := &core.MultiAppConfig{
+		Apps: []core.AppConfig{{
 			Name:      "default",
 			AppId:     "app-default",
-			AppSecret: secret.PlainSecret("secret-default"),
-			Brand:     brand.Feishu,
+			AppSecret: core.PlainSecret("secret-default"),
+			Brand:     core.BrandFeishu,
 		}},
 	}
-	err := updateExistingProfileWithoutSecret(existing, "", "cli_different", brand.Feishu, "en")
+	err := updateExistingProfileWithoutSecret(existing, "", "cli_different", core.BrandFeishu, "en")
 	assertValidationParam(t, err, "--app-secret")
 }

@@ -121,3 +135,58 @@ func assertValidationParam(t *testing.T, err error, wantParam string) {
 		t.Errorf("Param = %q, want %q", valErr.Param, wantParam)
 	}
 }
+
+// countingKeychain is an in-memory KeychainAccess that records whether Remove
+// was invoked, so the stale-secret cleanup can be asserted without a real OS
+// keychain.
+type countingKeychain struct {
+	store        map[string]string
+	removeCalled bool
+}
+
+func newCountingKeychain() *countingKeychain {
+	return &countingKeychain{store: map[string]string{}}
+}
+
+func (k *countingKeychain) Get(service, account string) (string, error) {
+	v, ok := k.store[service+"/"+account]
+	if !ok {
+		return "", keychain.ErrNotFound
+	}
+	return v, nil
+}
+
+func (k *countingKeychain) Set(service, account, value string) error {
+	k.store[service+"/"+account] = value
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (k *countingKeychain) Remove(service, account string) error {
+	k.removeCalled = true
+	delete(k.store, service+"/"+account)
+	return nil
+}
+
+func TestRemoveStaleSecretForPKJWT_SameAppID(t *testing.T) {
+	kc := newCountingKeychain()
+	ref, err := core.ForStorage("cli_same", core.PlainSecret("old-secret"), kc) // → Source:"keychain"
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	existing := &core.MultiAppConfig{Apps: []core.AppConfig{{AppId: "cli_same", AppSecret: ref}}}
+	removeStaleSecretForPKJWT(existing, "", "cli_same", kc)
+	if !kc.removeCalled {
+		t.Error("same appId with keychain secret: expected kc.Remove to be invoked")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRemoveStaleSecretForPKJWT_DifferentAppID(t *testing.T) {
+	kc := newCountingKeychain()
+	ref, _ := core.ForStorage("cli_old", core.PlainSecret("old-secret"), kc)
+	kc.removeCalled = false // ForStorage does not call Remove, but reset to be safe
+	existing := &core.MultiAppConfig{Apps: []core.AppConfig{{AppId: "cli_old", AppSecret: ref}}}
+	removeStaleSecretForPKJWT(existing, "", "cli_new", kc)
+	if kc.removeCalled {
+		t.Error("different appId: must NOT remove")
+	}
+}
--- a/cmd/config/remove.go
+++ b/cmd/config/remove.go
@@ -9,9 +9,8 @@ import (
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/auth"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
-	configpkg "github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/config"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/output"
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/secret"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 )

@@ -42,21 +41,21 @@ func NewCmdConfigRemove(f *cmdutil.Factory, runF func(*ConfigRemoveOptions) erro
 func configRemoveRun(opts *ConfigRemoveOptions) error {
 	f := opts.Factory

-	config, err := configpkg.LoadMultiAppConfig()
+	config, err := core.LoadMultiAppConfig()
 	if err != nil || config == nil || len(config.Apps) == 0 {
 		return errs.NewConfigError(errs.SubtypeNotConfigured, "not configured yet")
 	}

 	// Save empty config first. If this fails, keep secrets and tokens intact so the
 	// existing config can still be retried instead of ending up half-removed.
-	empty := &configpkg.MultiAppConfig{Apps: []configpkg.AppConfig{}}
-	if err := configpkg.SaveMultiAppConfig(empty); err != nil {
+	empty := &core.MultiAppConfig{Apps: []core.AppConfig{}}
+	if err := core.SaveMultiAppConfig(empty); err != nil {
 		return errs.NewInternalError(errs.SubtypeStorage, "failed to save config: %v", err).WithCause(err)
 	}

 	// Clean up keychain entries for all apps after config is cleared.
 	for _, app := range config.Apps {
-		secret.RemoveSecretStore(app.AppSecret, f.Keychain)
+		core.RemoveSecretStore(app.AppSecret, f.Keychain)
 		for _, user := range app.Users {
 			_ = auth.RemoveStoredToken(app.AppId, user.UserOpenId)
 		}
--- a/cmd/config/risk_control.go
+++ b/cmd/config/risk_control.go
@@ -1,80 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
-
-package config
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-
-	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
-
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
-	configpkg "github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/config"
-)
-
-// NewCmdConfigRiskControl creates the workspace risk-control policy command.
-func NewCmdConfigRiskControl(f *cmdutil.Factory) *cobra.Command {
-	cmd := &cobra.Command{
-		Use:   "risk-control [on|off|default]",
-		Short: "Manage workspace account-protection policy",
-		Long: `View or set the account-protection risk-control policy for this workspace.
-
-Account protection is on by default. Use off to opt this workspace out, on to
-opt it back in explicitly, or default to remove the explicit preference.`,
-		Args: cobra.MaximumNArgs(1),
-		// This is persistent workspace policy, not credential management.
-		PersistentPreRunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, _ []string) error {
-			cmd.SilenceUsage = true
-			return nil
-		},
-		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
-			config, err := configpkg.LoadOrNotConfigured()
-			if err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
-			if len(args) == 0 {
-				printRiskControl(f, config)
-				return nil
-			}
-
-			switch args[0] {
-			case "on":
-				enabled := true
-				config.RiskControl = &enabled
-			case "off":
-				enabled := false
-				config.RiskControl = &enabled
-			case "default":
-				config.RiskControl = nil
-			default:
-				return errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument,
-					"invalid risk-control value %q, valid values: on | off | default", args[0])
-			}
-
-			if err := configpkg.SaveMultiAppConfig(config); err != nil {
-				return errs.NewInternalError(errs.SubtypeStorage,
-					"failed to save risk-control policy: %v", err).WithCause(err)
-			}
-			fmt.Fprintf(f.IOStreams.ErrOut, "Risk control set to %s (workspace)\n", args[0])
-			return nil
-		},
-	}
-	cmdutil.SetRisk(cmd, cmdutil.RiskWrite)
-	return cmd
-}
-
-func printRiskControl(f *cmdutil.Factory, config *configpkg.MultiAppConfig) {
-	source := "default"
-	if config.RiskControl != nil {
-		source = "workspace"
-	}
-	fmt.Fprintf(f.IOStreams.Out, "risk-control: %s (source: %s)\n", riskControlState(config.RiskControlEnabled()), source)
-}
-
-func riskControlState(enabled bool) string {
-	if enabled {
-		return "on"
-	}
-	return "off"
-}
--- a/cmd/config/risk_control_test.go
+++ b/cmd/config/risk_control_test.go
@@ -1,132 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
-
-package config
-
-import (
-	"errors"
-	"strings"
-	"testing"
-
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/brand"
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
-	configpkg "github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/config"
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/secret"
-)
-
-func TestRiskControlWorkspacePolicy(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", t.TempDir())
-	config := &configpkg.MultiAppConfig{Apps: []configpkg.AppConfig{{
-		AppId: "cli_test", AppSecret: secret.PlainSecret("secret"), Brand: brand.Feishu,
-	}}}
-	if err := configpkg.SaveMultiAppConfig(config); err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-
-	f, stdout, stderr, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, nil)
-	cmd := NewCmdConfigRiskControl(f)
-	cmd.SetArgs([]string{"off"})
-	if err := cmd.Execute(); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("set off: %v", err)
-	}
-	loaded, err := configpkg.LoadMultiAppConfig()
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-	if loaded.RiskControl == nil || *loaded.RiskControl {
-		t.Fatalf("RiskControl = %v, want explicit false", loaded.RiskControl)
-	}
-	if !strings.Contains(stderr.String(), "set to off") {
-		t.Fatalf("stderr = %q", stderr.String())
-	}
-
-	stdout.Reset()
-	cmd = NewCmdConfigRiskControl(f)
-	if err := cmd.Execute(); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("show: %v", err)
-	}
-	if got := stdout.String(); got != "risk-control: off (source: workspace)\n" {
-		t.Fatalf("stdout = %q", got)
-	}
-
-	cmd = NewCmdConfigRiskControl(f)
-	cmd.SetArgs([]string{"on"})
-	if err := cmd.Execute(); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("set on: %v", err)
-	}
-	loaded, err = configpkg.LoadMultiAppConfig()
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-	if loaded.RiskControl == nil || !*loaded.RiskControl {
-		t.Fatalf("RiskControl = %v, want explicit true", loaded.RiskControl)
-	}
-
-	cmd = NewCmdConfigRiskControl(f)
-	cmd.SetArgs([]string{"default"})
-	if err := cmd.Execute(); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("reset default: %v", err)
-	}
-	loaded, err = configpkg.LoadMultiAppConfig()
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-	if loaded.RiskControl != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("RiskControl = %v, want nil", loaded.RiskControl)
-	}
-
-	stdout.Reset()
-	cmd = NewCmdConfigRiskControl(f)
-	if err := cmd.Execute(); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("show default: %v", err)
-	}
-	if got := stdout.String(); got != "risk-control: on (source: default)\n" {
-		t.Fatalf("stdout = %q", got)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestRiskControlWorkspacePolicyRejectsInvalidValue(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", t.TempDir())
-	if err := configpkg.SaveMultiAppConfig(&configpkg.MultiAppConfig{Apps: []configpkg.AppConfig{{
-		AppId: "cli_test", AppSecret: secret.PlainSecret("secret"), Brand: brand.Feishu,
-	}}}); err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-
-	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, nil)
-	cmd := NewCmdConfigRiskControl(f)
-	cmd.SetArgs([]string{"invalid"})
-	err := cmd.Execute()
-	var validationErr *errs.ValidationError
-	if !errors.As(err, &validationErr) {
-		t.Fatalf("error = %T %v, want *errs.ValidationError", err, err)
-	}
-	if validationErr.Subtype != errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument {
-		t.Fatalf("subtype = %q, want %q", validationErr.Subtype, errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestRiskControlWorkspacePolicyAllowedWithExternalCredentials(t *testing.T) {
-	f := newConfigFactoryWithExternalProvider(t)
-	config := &configpkg.MultiAppConfig{Apps: []configpkg.AppConfig{{
-		AppId: "cli_test", AppSecret: secret.PlainSecret("secret"), Brand: brand.Feishu,
-	}}}
-	if err := configpkg.SaveMultiAppConfig(config); err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-
-	cmd := NewCmdConfig(f)
-	cmd.SetArgs([]string{"risk-control", "off"})
-	if err := cmd.Execute(); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("set off with external credentials: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	loaded, err := configpkg.LoadMultiAppConfig()
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-	if loaded.RiskControl == nil || *loaded.RiskControl {
-		t.Fatalf("RiskControl = %v, want explicit false", loaded.RiskControl)
-	}
-}
--- a/cmd/config/show.go
+++ b/cmd/config/show.go
@@ -11,9 +11,8 @@ import (

 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
-	configpkg "github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/config"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/output"
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/workspace"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 )

@@ -44,15 +43,15 @@ func NewCmdConfigShow(f *cmdutil.Factory, runF func(*ConfigShowOptions) error) *
 func configShowRun(opts *ConfigShowOptions) error {
 	f := opts.Factory

-	config, err := configpkg.LoadMultiAppConfig()
+	config, err := core.LoadMultiAppConfig()
 	if err != nil {
 		if errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
-			return configpkg.NotConfiguredError()
+			return core.NotConfiguredError()
 		}
 		return errs.NewConfigError(errs.SubtypeInvalidConfig, "failed to load config: %v", err).WithCause(err)
 	}
 	if config == nil || len(config.Apps) == 0 {
-		return configpkg.NotConfiguredError()
+		return core.NotConfiguredError()
 	}
 	app := config.CurrentAppConfig(f.Invocation.Profile)
 	if app == nil {
@@ -67,7 +66,7 @@ func configShowRun(opts *ConfigShowOptions) error {
 		users = strings.Join(userStrs, ", ")
 	}
 	output.PrintJson(f.IOStreams.Out, map[string]interface{}{
-		"workspace": workspace.CurrentWorkspace().Display(),
+		"workspace": core.CurrentWorkspace().Display(),
 		"profile":   app.ProfileName(),
 		"appId":     app.AppId,
 		"appSecret": "****",
@@ -75,6 +74,6 @@ func configShowRun(opts *ConfigShowOptions) error {
 		"lang":      app.Lang,
 		"users":     users,
 	})
-	fmt.Fprintf(f.IOStreams.ErrOut, "\nConfig file path: %s\n", workspace.GetConfigPath())
+	fmt.Fprintf(f.IOStreams.ErrOut, "\nConfig file path: %s\n", core.GetConfigPath())
 	return nil
 }
--- a/cmd/config/strict_mode.go
+++ b/cmd/config/strict_mode.go
@@ -9,8 +9,7 @@ import (

 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
-	configpkg "github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/config"
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/identity"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 )

@@ -38,7 +37,7 @@ explicit user confirmation — never run on your own initiative.`,
  lark-cli config strict-mode --reset       # clear profile override`,
 		Args: cobra.MaximumNArgs(1),
 		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
-			multi, err := configpkg.LoadOrNotConfigured()
+			multi, err := core.LoadOrNotConfigured()
 			if err != nil {
 				return err
 			}
@@ -46,20 +45,20 @@ explicit user confirmation — never run on your own initiative.`,
 			if reset {
 				app := multi.CurrentAppConfig(f.Invocation.Profile)
 				if app == nil {
-					return configpkg.NoActiveProfileError()
+					return core.NoActiveProfileError()
 				}
 				return resetStrictMode(f, multi, app, global, args)
 			}
 			if len(args) == 0 {
 				app := multi.CurrentAppConfig(f.Invocation.Profile)
 				if app == nil {
-					return configpkg.NoActiveProfileError()
+					return core.NoActiveProfileError()
 				}
 				return showStrictMode(cmd.Context(), f, multi, app)
 			}
 			app := multi.CurrentAppConfig(f.Invocation.Profile)
 			if !global && app == nil {
-				return configpkg.NoActiveProfileError()
+				return core.NoActiveProfileError()
 			}
 			return setStrictMode(f, multi, app, args[0], global)
 		},
@@ -72,7 +71,7 @@ explicit user confirmation — never run on your own initiative.`,
 	return cmd
 }

-func resetStrictMode(f *cmdutil.Factory, multi *configpkg.MultiAppConfig, app *configpkg.AppConfig, global bool, args []string) error {
+func resetStrictMode(f *cmdutil.Factory, multi *core.MultiAppConfig, app *core.AppConfig, global bool, args []string) error {
 	if global {
 		return errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, "--reset cannot be used with --global").WithParam("--reset")
 	}
@@ -80,14 +79,14 @@ func resetStrictMode(f *cmdutil.Factory, multi *configpkg.MultiAppConfig, app *c
 		return errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, "--reset cannot be used with a value argument").WithParam("--reset")
 	}
 	app.StrictMode = nil
-	if err := configpkg.SaveMultiAppConfig(multi); err != nil {
+	if err := core.SaveMultiAppConfig(multi); err != nil {
 		return errs.NewInternalError(errs.SubtypeStorage, "failed to save config: %v", err).WithCause(err)
 	}
 	fmt.Fprintln(f.IOStreams.ErrOut, "Profile strict-mode reset (inherits global)")
 	return nil
 }

-func showStrictMode(ctx context.Context, f *cmdutil.Factory, multi *configpkg.MultiAppConfig, app *configpkg.AppConfig) error {
+func showStrictMode(ctx context.Context, f *cmdutil.Factory, multi *core.MultiAppConfig, app *core.AppConfig) error {
 	// Runtime effective mode from credential provider chain is the source of truth.
 	runtime := f.ResolveStrictMode(ctx)
 	configMode, configSource := resolveStrictModeStatus(multi, app)
@@ -100,10 +99,10 @@ func showStrictMode(ctx context.Context, f *cmdutil.Factory, multi *configpkg.Mu
 	return nil
 }

-func setStrictMode(f *cmdutil.Factory, multi *configpkg.MultiAppConfig, app *configpkg.AppConfig, value string, global bool) error {
-	mode := identity.StrictMode(value)
+func setStrictMode(f *cmdutil.Factory, multi *core.MultiAppConfig, app *core.AppConfig, value string, global bool) error {
+	mode := core.StrictMode(value)
 	switch mode {
-	case identity.StrictModeBot, identity.StrictModeUser, identity.StrictModeOff:
+	case core.StrictModeBot, core.StrictModeUser, core.StrictModeOff:
 	default:
 		return errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, "invalid value %q, valid values: bot | user | off", value)
 	}
@@ -119,7 +118,7 @@ func setStrictMode(f *cmdutil.Factory, multi *configpkg.MultiAppConfig, app *con
 	// false-positived (--global change while current profile has an explicit
 	// override) and false-negatived (--global broadening that doesn't affect
 	// the current profile but does affect other inheriting profiles).
-	var oldMode identity.StrictMode
+	var oldMode core.StrictMode
 	if global {
 		oldMode = multi.StrictMode
 	} else {
@@ -139,16 +138,16 @@ func setStrictMode(f *cmdutil.Factory, multi *configpkg.MultiAppConfig, app *con
 		}
 	} else {
 		if app == nil {
-			return configpkg.NoActiveProfileError()
+			return core.NoActiveProfileError()
 		}
 		app.StrictMode = &mode
 	}

-	if err := configpkg.SaveMultiAppConfig(multi); err != nil {
+	if err := core.SaveMultiAppConfig(multi); err != nil {
 		return errs.NewInternalError(errs.SubtypeStorage, "failed to save config: %v", err).WithCause(err)
 	}

-	if oldMode == identity.StrictModeBot && (mode == identity.StrictModeUser || mode == identity.StrictModeOff) {
+	if oldMode == core.StrictModeBot && (mode == core.StrictModeUser || mode == core.StrictModeOff) {
 		fmt.Fprintln(f.IOStreams.ErrOut, "⚠️ "+strictModeRelaxLang(app).IdentityEscalationMessage)
 	}

@@ -163,19 +162,19 @@ func setStrictMode(f *cmdutil.Factory, multi *configpkg.MultiAppConfig, app *con
 // strictModeRelaxLang picks the bind-message bundle whose language matches the
 // active profile's Lang setting. Falls back to bindMsgZh when no profile is
 // available (global mutation with no current app).
-func strictModeRelaxLang(app *configpkg.AppConfig) *bindMsg {
+func strictModeRelaxLang(app *core.AppConfig) *bindMsg {
 	if app != nil {
 		return getBindMsg(app.Lang)
 	}
 	return getBindMsg("")
 }

-func resolveStrictModeStatus(multi *configpkg.MultiAppConfig, app *configpkg.AppConfig) (identity.StrictMode, string) {
+func resolveStrictModeStatus(multi *core.MultiAppConfig, app *core.AppConfig) (core.StrictMode, string) {
 	if app != nil && app.StrictMode != nil {
 		return *app.StrictMode, fmt.Sprintf("profile %q", app.ProfileName())
 	}
 	if multi.StrictMode.IsActive() {
 		return multi.StrictMode, "global"
 	}
-	return identity.StrictModeOff, "global (default)"
+	return core.StrictModeOff, "global (default)"
 }
--- a/cmd/config/strict_mode_test.go
+++ b/cmd/config/strict_mode_test.go
@@ -7,32 +7,29 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 	"testing"

-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/brand"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
-	configpkg "github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/config"
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/identity"
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/secret"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
 )

 func setupStrictModeTestConfig(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Helper()
 	dir := t.TempDir()
 	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", dir)
-	multi := &configpkg.MultiAppConfig{
-		Apps: []configpkg.AppConfig{{
+	multi := &core.MultiAppConfig{
+		Apps: []core.AppConfig{{
 			AppId:     "test-app",
-			AppSecret: secret.PlainSecret("secret"),
-			Brand:     brand.Feishu,
+			AppSecret: core.PlainSecret("secret"),
+			Brand:     core.BrandFeishu,
 		}},
 	}
-	if err := configpkg.SaveMultiAppConfig(multi); err != nil {
+	if err := core.SaveMultiAppConfig(multi); err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
 }

 func TestStrictMode_Show_Default(t *testing.T) {
 	setupStrictModeTestConfig(t)
-	f, stdout, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &configpkg.CliConfig{AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "secret"})
+	f, stdout, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "secret"})
 	cmd := NewCmdConfigStrictMode(f)
 	cmd.SetArgs([]string{})
 	if err := cmd.Execute(); err != nil {
@@ -45,37 +42,37 @@ func TestStrictMode_Show_Default(t *testing.T) {

 func TestStrictMode_SetBot_Profile(t *testing.T) {
 	setupStrictModeTestConfig(t)
-	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &configpkg.CliConfig{AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "secret"})
+	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "secret"})
 	cmd := NewCmdConfigStrictMode(f)
 	cmd.SetArgs([]string{"bot"})
 	if err := cmd.Execute(); err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
-	multi, _ := configpkg.LoadMultiAppConfig()
+	multi, _ := core.LoadMultiAppConfig()
 	app := multi.CurrentAppConfig("")
-	if app.StrictMode == nil || *app.StrictMode != identity.StrictModeBot {
+	if app.StrictMode == nil || *app.StrictMode != core.StrictModeBot {
 		t.Error("expected StrictMode=bot on profile")
 	}
 }

 func TestStrictMode_SetUser_Profile(t *testing.T) {
 	setupStrictModeTestConfig(t)
-	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &configpkg.CliConfig{AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "secret"})
+	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "secret"})
 	cmd := NewCmdConfigStrictMode(f)
 	cmd.SetArgs([]string{"user"})
 	if err := cmd.Execute(); err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
-	multi, _ := configpkg.LoadMultiAppConfig()
+	multi, _ := core.LoadMultiAppConfig()
 	app := multi.CurrentAppConfig("")
-	if app.StrictMode == nil || *app.StrictMode != identity.StrictModeUser {
+	if app.StrictMode == nil || *app.StrictMode != core.StrictModeUser {
 		t.Error("expected StrictMode=user on profile")
 	}
 }

 func TestStrictMode_SetOff_Profile(t *testing.T) {
 	setupStrictModeTestConfig(t)
-	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &configpkg.CliConfig{AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "secret"})
+	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "secret"})
 	cmd := NewCmdConfigStrictMode(f)
 	cmd.SetArgs([]string{"bot"})
 	cmd.Execute()
@@ -84,23 +81,23 @@ func TestStrictMode_SetOff_Profile(t *testing.T) {
 	if err := cmd.Execute(); err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
-	multi, _ := configpkg.LoadMultiAppConfig()
+	multi, _ := core.LoadMultiAppConfig()
 	app := multi.CurrentAppConfig("")
-	if app.StrictMode == nil || *app.StrictMode != identity.StrictModeOff {
+	if app.StrictMode == nil || *app.StrictMode != core.StrictModeOff {
 		t.Error("expected StrictMode=off on profile")
 	}
 }

 func TestStrictMode_SetBot_Global(t *testing.T) {
 	setupStrictModeTestConfig(t)
-	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &configpkg.CliConfig{AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "secret"})
+	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "secret"})
 	cmd := NewCmdConfigStrictMode(f)
 	cmd.SetArgs([]string{"bot", "--global"})
 	if err := cmd.Execute(); err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
-	multi, _ := configpkg.LoadMultiAppConfig()
-	if multi.StrictMode != identity.StrictModeBot {
+	multi, _ := core.LoadMultiAppConfig()
+	if multi.StrictMode != core.StrictModeBot {
 		t.Error("expected global StrictMode=bot")
 	}
 }
@@ -108,38 +105,38 @@ func TestStrictMode_SetBot_Global(t *testing.T) {
 func TestStrictMode_SetGlobal_DoesNotRequireActiveProfile(t *testing.T) {
 	dir := t.TempDir()
 	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", dir)
-	multi := &configpkg.MultiAppConfig{
+	multi := &core.MultiAppConfig{
 		CurrentApp: "missing-profile",
-		Apps: []configpkg.AppConfig{{
+		Apps: []core.AppConfig{{
 			Name:      "default",
 			AppId:     "test-app",
-			AppSecret: secret.PlainSecret("secret"),
-			Brand:     brand.Feishu,
+			AppSecret: core.PlainSecret("secret"),
+			Brand:     core.BrandFeishu,
 		}},
 	}
-	if err := configpkg.SaveMultiAppConfig(multi); err != nil {
+	if err := core.SaveMultiAppConfig(multi); err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}

-	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &configpkg.CliConfig{AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "secret"})
+	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "secret"})
 	cmd := NewCmdConfigStrictMode(f)
 	cmd.SetArgs([]string{"bot", "--global"})
 	if err := cmd.Execute(); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("Execute() error = %v", err)
 	}

-	saved, err := configpkg.LoadMultiAppConfig()
+	saved, err := core.LoadMultiAppConfig()
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("LoadMultiAppConfig() error = %v", err)
 	}
-	if saved.StrictMode != identity.StrictModeBot {
-		t.Fatalf("StrictMode = %q, want %q", saved.StrictMode, identity.StrictModeBot)
+	if saved.StrictMode != core.StrictModeBot {
+		t.Fatalf("StrictMode = %q, want %q", saved.StrictMode, core.StrictModeBot)
 	}
 }

 func TestStrictMode_Reset(t *testing.T) {
 	setupStrictModeTestConfig(t)
-	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &configpkg.CliConfig{AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "secret"})
+	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "secret"})
 	cmd := NewCmdConfigStrictMode(f)
 	cmd.SetArgs([]string{"bot"})
 	cmd.Execute()
@@ -148,7 +145,7 @@ func TestStrictMode_Reset(t *testing.T) {
 	if err := cmd.Execute(); err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
-	multi, _ := configpkg.LoadMultiAppConfig()
+	multi, _ := core.LoadMultiAppConfig()
 	app := multi.CurrentAppConfig("")
 	if app.StrictMode != nil {
 		t.Errorf("expected nil StrictMode after reset, got %v", *app.StrictMode)
@@ -157,7 +154,7 @@ func TestStrictMode_Reset(t *testing.T) {

 func TestStrictMode_InvalidValue(t *testing.T) {
 	setupStrictModeTestConfig(t)
-	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &configpkg.CliConfig{AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "secret"})
+	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "secret"})
 	cmd := NewCmdConfigStrictMode(f)
 	cmd.SetArgs([]string{"on"})
 	err := cmd.Execute()
--- a/cmd/config/strict_mode_warning_test.go
+++ b/cmd/config/strict_mode_warning_test.go
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ import (
 	"testing"

 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
-	configpkg "github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/config"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
 )

 // runStrictMode is a small helper that runs `config strict-mode <args...>` and
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ import (
 // new user-identity warning land.
 func runStrictMode(t *testing.T, args ...string) string {
 	t.Helper()
-	f, _, stderr, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &configpkg.CliConfig{AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "secret"})
+	f, _, stderr, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "secret"})
 	cmd := NewCmdConfigStrictMode(f)
 	cmd.SetArgs(args)
 	if err := cmd.Execute(); err != nil {
--- a/cmd/doctor/doctor.go
+++ b/cmd/doctor/doctor.go
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
+	"io"
 	"net/http"
 	"os"
 	"sync"
@@ -14,16 +15,16 @@ import (

 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"

-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/brand"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/build"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
-	configpkg "github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/config"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/identitydiag"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/keylesshelper"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/keysigner"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/output"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/transport"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/update"
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/workspace"
 )

 // DoctorOptions holds inputs for the doctor command.
@@ -87,7 +88,7 @@ func doctorRun(opts *DoctorOptions) error {
 	}

 	// ── 1. Config file ──
-	_, err := configpkg.LoadMultiAppConfig()
+	_, err := core.LoadMultiAppConfig()
 	if err != nil {
 		// For "config not present" cases, prefer the workspace-aware
 		// NotConfiguredError message + hint (e.g. "openclaw context
@@ -98,7 +99,7 @@ func doctorRun(opts *DoctorOptions) error {
 		msg, hint := err.Error(), ""
 		if errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
 			var cfgErr *errs.ConfigError
-			if errors.As(configpkg.NotConfiguredError(), &cfgErr) {
+			if errors.As(core.NotConfiguredError(), &cfgErr) {
 				msg, hint = cfgErr.Message, cfgErr.Hint
 			}
 		}
@@ -120,7 +121,7 @@ func doctorRun(opts *DoctorOptions) error {
 	}
 	checks = append(checks, pass("app_resolved", fmt.Sprintf("app: %s (%s)", cfg.AppID, cfg.Brand)))

-	ep := brand.ResolveEndpoints(cfg.Brand)
+	ep := core.ResolveEndpoints(cfg.Brand)

 	// ── 3. Identity readiness ──
 	diagnostics := identitydiag.Diagnose(opts.Ctx, f, cfg, !opts.Offline)
@@ -137,6 +138,9 @@ func doctorRun(opts *DoctorOptions) error {
 		checks = append(checks, fail("identity_ready", "no usable bot or user identity is available", ""))
 	}

+	// ── 3b. private_key_jwt / TEE signer (local; runs even with --offline) ──
+	checks = append(checks, teeSignerCheck(opts.Ctx, cfg))
+
 	// ── 4 & 5. Endpoint reachability ──
 	checks = append(checks, networkChecks(opts.Ctx, opts, ep)...)

@@ -150,8 +154,78 @@ func identityCheck(name string, id identitydiag.Identity) checkResult {
 	return warn(name, id.Message, id.Hint)
 }

+const teeUnavailableHint = "ensure the device secure hardware is accessible (Linux TPM: add your user to the 'tss' group or run with sufficient privileges)"
+
+// teeSignerCheck reports the private_key_jwt signing backend (TEE/TPM) status.
+// The probe is local hardware only (no network), so it runs even with --offline;
+// in a build without a TEE signer it short-circuits without touching any
+// hardware. It is a hard requirement for private_key_jwt apps and purely
+// informational for client_secret apps.
+func teeSignerCheck(ctx context.Context, cfg *core.CliConfig) checkResult {
+	usesPKJWT := cfg != nil && cfg.AuthMethod == core.AuthMethodPrivateKeyJWT
+	helper, err := keylesshelper.Resolve()
+	if err != nil {
+		hint := fmt.Sprintf("fix the external keyless signer source, or re-run config init to replace/remove config.json keylessSignerCmd: %v", err)
+		if usesPKJWT {
+			return fail("tee_signer", "external keyless signer is misconfigured", hint)
+		}
+		return warn("tee_signer", "external keyless signer is misconfigured", hint)
+	}
+	if helper != nil {
+		keyLabel := ""
+		if cfg != nil {
+			keyLabel = cfg.KeyLabel
+		}
+		if err := helper.Probe(ctx, keyLabel); err != nil {
+			hint := fmt.Sprintf("fix the configured external keyless signer, or re-run config init to replace/remove it: %v", err)
+			if usesPKJWT {
+				return fail("tee_signer", "external keyless signer is misconfigured", hint)
+			}
+			return warn("tee_signer", "external keyless signer is misconfigured", hint)
+		}
+		return pass("tee_signer", "external keyless signer available")
+	}
+	info, ok, err := keysigner.ProbeActiveHardware(ctx)
+	return teeCheckResult(info, ok, err, usesPKJWT)
+}
+
+// teeCheckResult maps a hardware probe to a doctor check. Split out from
+// teeSignerCheck so the full matrix is unit-testable without a TPM.
+func teeCheckResult(info keysigner.HardwareInfo, ok bool, probeErr error, usesPKJWT bool) checkResult {
+	const name = "tee_signer"
+
+	// No signer registered → private_key_jwt is unsupported on this build.
+	if !ok {
+		if usesPKJWT {
+			return fail(name,
+				"app uses private_key_jwt but this build has no TEE key signer",
+				"the platform key signer ships by default on macOS, Linux, and Windows/amd64; this platform (e.g. Windows/arm64) has none — use a supported platform or re-register without --private-key-jwt")
+		}
+		return skip(name, "no TEE signer in this build (only private_key_jwt is affected; client_secret is unaffected)")
+	}
+
+	backend := info.Backend
+	if backend == "" {
+		backend = "tee"
+	}
+
+	switch {
+	case probeErr != nil:
+		return warn(name, fmt.Sprintf("%s signer present but probe errored: %s", backend, probeErr), "")
+	case info.Available:
+		if info.VendorName != "" {
+			return pass(name, fmt.Sprintf("%s TEE available (%s)", backend, info.VendorName))
+		}
+		return pass(name, fmt.Sprintf("%s TEE available", backend))
+	case usesPKJWT:
+		return fail(name, fmt.Sprintf("%s signer present but TEE unavailable: %s", backend, info.Reason), teeUnavailableHint)
+	default:
+		return warn(name, fmt.Sprintf("%s signer present but TEE unavailable: %s", backend, info.Reason), teeUnavailableHint)
+	}
+}
+
 // networkChecks probes Open API and MCP endpoints concurrently.
-func networkChecks(ctx context.Context, opts *DoctorOptions, ep brand.Endpoints) []checkResult {
+func networkChecks(ctx context.Context, opts *DoctorOptions, ep core.Endpoints) []checkResult {
 	if opts.Offline {
 		return []checkResult{
 			skip("endpoint_open", "skipped (--offline)"),
@@ -239,14 +313,90 @@ func finishDoctor(f *cmdutil.Factory, checks []checkResult) error {
 		}
 	}

-	result := map[string]interface{}{
-		"ok":        allOK,
-		"workspace": workspace.CurrentWorkspace().Display(),
-		"checks":    checks,
+	workspace := core.CurrentWorkspace().Display()
+	// A terminal on STDOUT gets a readable report; pipes, redirects, scripts and
+	// tests keep the stable JSON contract (NO_COLOR disables ANSI styling).
+	// OutIsTerminal checks stdout specifically — IOStreams.IsTerminal reflects
+	// stdin, which would wrongly send the human report into `doctor | jq`.
+	if f.IOStreams.OutIsTerminal {
+		renderDoctorHuman(f.IOStreams.Out, workspace, checks, allOK, os.Getenv("NO_COLOR") == "")
+	} else {
+		output.PrintJson(f.IOStreams.Out, map[string]interface{}{
+			"ok":        allOK,
+			"workspace": workspace,
+			"checks":    checks,
+		})
 	}
-	output.PrintJson(f.IOStreams.Out, result)
 	if !allOK {
 		return output.ErrBare(1)
 	}
 	return nil
 }
+
+// renderDoctorHuman writes a readable health report: one aligned line per check
+// with a colored status tag, an indented hint when present, and a summary line.
+func renderDoctorHuman(w io.Writer, workspace string, checks []checkResult, allOK, color bool) {
+	const (
+		green  = "\033[32m"
+		yellow = "\033[33m"
+		red    = "\033[31m"
+		gray   = "\033[90m"
+		bold   = "\033[1m"
+		reset  = "\033[0m"
+	)
+	colorOf := map[string]string{"pass": green, "warn": yellow, "fail": red, "skip": gray}
+	tagOf := map[string]string{"pass": "PASS", "warn": "WARN", "fail": "FAIL", "skip": "SKIP"}
+	paint := func(code, s string) string {
+		if !color || code == "" {
+			return s
+		}
+		return code + s + reset
+	}
+
+	nameW := 0
+	for _, c := range checks {
+		if len(c.Name) > nameW {
+			nameW = len(c.Name)
+		}
+	}
+
+	fmt.Fprintf(w, "\n%s  (workspace: %s)\n\n", paint(bold, "lark-cli doctor"), workspace)
+
+	var passN, warnN, failN, skipN int
+	for _, c := range checks {
+		tag := tagOf[c.Status]
+		if tag == "" {
+			tag = "????"
+		}
+		fmt.Fprintf(w, "  %s  %-*s  %s\n", paint(colorOf[c.Status], "["+tag+"]"), nameW, c.Name, c.Message)
+		if c.Hint != "" {
+			fmt.Fprintf(w, "         %-*s  %s\n", nameW, "", paint(gray, "↳ "+c.Hint))
+		}
+		switch c.Status {
+		case "pass":
+			passN++
+		case "warn":
+			warnN++
+		case "fail":
+			failN++
+		case "skip":
+			skipN++
+		}
+	}
+
+	headline := paint(green, "healthy")
+	if !allOK {
+		headline = paint(red, "problems found")
+	}
+	fmt.Fprintf(w, "\n  %s — %d passed", headline, passN)
+	if warnN > 0 {
+		fmt.Fprintf(w, ", %d warning(s)", warnN)
+	}
+	if failN > 0 {
+		fmt.Fprintf(w, ", %d failed", failN)
+	}
+	if skipN > 0 {
+		fmt.Fprintf(w, ", %d skipped", skipN)
+	}
+	fmt.Fprintln(w)
+}
--- a/cmd/doctor/doctor_test.go
+++ b/cmd/doctor/doctor_test.go
@@ -7,23 +7,24 @@ import (
 	"bytes"
 	"context"
 	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
 	"net/http"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"

 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"

-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/brand"
 	extcred "github.com/larksuite/cli/extension/credential"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
-	configpkg "github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/config"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/credential"
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/secret"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/envvars"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/keysigner"
 )

 func TestNewCmdDoctor_FlagParsing(t *testing.T) {
-	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &configpkg.CliConfig{
-		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: brand.Feishu,
+	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{
+		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: core.BrandFeishu,
 	})

 	cmd := NewCmdDoctor(f)
@@ -90,7 +91,7 @@ func TestFinishDoctor(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestNetworkChecks_Offline(t *testing.T) {
-	ep := brand.Endpoints{Open: "https://open.feishu.cn", MCP: "https://mcp.feishu.cn"}
+	ep := core.Endpoints{Open: "https://open.feishu.cn", MCP: "https://mcp.feishu.cn"}
 	opts := &DoctorOptions{Ctx: context.Background(), Offline: true}
 	checks := networkChecks(opts.Ctx, opts, ep)
 	if len(checks) != 2 {
@@ -105,22 +106,22 @@ func TestNetworkChecks_Offline(t *testing.T) {

 func TestDoctorRun_SplitsBotAndMissingUserIdentity(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", t.TempDir())
-	if err := configpkg.SaveMultiAppConfig(&configpkg.MultiAppConfig{
+	if err := core.SaveMultiAppConfig(&core.MultiAppConfig{
 		CurrentApp: "default",
-		Apps: []configpkg.AppConfig{
+		Apps: []core.AppConfig{
 			{
 				Name:      "default",
 				AppId:     "test-app",
-				AppSecret: secret.PlainSecret("secret"),
-				Brand:     brand.Feishu,
+				AppSecret: core.PlainSecret("secret"),
+				Brand:     core.BrandFeishu,
 			},
 		},
 	}); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("SaveMultiAppConfig() error = %v", err)
 	}

-	f, stdout, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &configpkg.CliConfig{
-		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "secret", Brand: brand.Feishu,
+	f, stdout, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{
+		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "secret", Brand: core.BrandFeishu,
 	})
 	err := doctorRun(&DoctorOptions{
 		Factory: f,
@@ -146,6 +147,140 @@ func TestDoctorRun_SplitsBotAndMissingUserIdentity(t *testing.T) {
 	assertCheck(t, got.Checks, "identity_ready", "pass")
 }

+func TestTeeCheckResult(t *testing.T) {
+	avail := keysigner.HardwareInfo{Backend: "tpm2", Available: true, VendorName: "ACME"}
+	unavail := keysigner.HardwareInfo{Backend: "tpm2", Reason: "open /dev/tpmrm0: permission denied"}
+
+	cases := []struct {
+		name     string
+		info     keysigner.HardwareInfo
+		ok       bool
+		probeErr error
+		pkjwt    bool
+		want     string
+	}{
+		{"no signer + private_key_jwt → fail", keysigner.HardwareInfo{}, false, nil, true, "fail"},
+		{"no signer + client_secret → skip", keysigner.HardwareInfo{}, false, nil, false, "skip"},
+		{"available + private_key_jwt → pass", avail, true, nil, true, "pass"},
+		{"available + client_secret → pass", avail, true, nil, false, "pass"},
+		{"unavailable + private_key_jwt → fail", unavail, true, nil, true, "fail"},
+		{"unavailable + client_secret → warn", unavail, true, nil, false, "warn"},
+		{"probe error → warn", keysigner.HardwareInfo{Backend: "tpm2"}, true, errors.New("boom"), true, "warn"},
+	}
+	for _, tc := range cases {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			got := teeCheckResult(tc.info, tc.ok, tc.probeErr, tc.pkjwt)
+			if got.Name != "tee_signer" {
+				t.Errorf("name = %q, want tee_signer", got.Name)
+			}
+			if got.Status != tc.want {
+				t.Errorf("status = %q, want %q (msg=%q)", got.Status, tc.want, got.Message)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestTeeSignerCheck_InvalidKeylessHelperEnvFailsPKJWT(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv(envvars.CliKeylessSignerCmd, `[""]`)
+
+	got := teeSignerCheck(context.Background(), &core.CliConfig{AuthMethod: core.AuthMethodPrivateKeyJWT})
+	if got.Status != "fail" {
+		t.Fatalf("status = %q, want fail (msg=%q, hint=%q)", got.Status, got.Message, got.Hint)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(got.Hint, envvars.CliKeylessSignerCmd) {
+		t.Fatalf("hint = %q, want env var name", got.Hint)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestTeeSignerCheck_InvalidKeylessHelperConfigHasActionableHint(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", t.TempDir())
+	t.Setenv(envvars.CliKeylessSignerCmd, "")
+	if err := core.SaveMultiAppConfig(&core.MultiAppConfig{
+		KeylessSignerCmd: `[""]`,
+		Apps: []core.AppConfig{{
+			AppId: "cli_test", AppSecret: core.PlainSecret("secret"), Brand: core.BrandFeishu,
+		}},
+	}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("SaveMultiAppConfig() error = %v", err)
+	}
+
+	got := teeSignerCheck(context.Background(), &core.CliConfig{AuthMethod: core.AuthMethodPrivateKeyJWT})
+	if got.Status != "fail" {
+		t.Fatalf("status = %q, want fail (msg=%q, hint=%q)", got.Status, got.Message, got.Hint)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(got.Hint, "config init") || !strings.Contains(got.Hint, "keylessSignerCmd") {
+		t.Fatalf("hint = %q, want config init repair guidance", got.Hint)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestDoctorRun_TeeSignerWired proves the tee_signer check is part of doctorRun.
+// It asserts the build-independent invariant (a client_secret app must never
+// FAIL on TEE) so the test passes whether or not a signer is compiled in.
+func TestDoctorRun_TeeSignerWired(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", t.TempDir())
+	if err := core.SaveMultiAppConfig(&core.MultiAppConfig{
+		CurrentApp: "default",
+		Apps: []core.AppConfig{{
+			Name: "default", AppId: "test-app",
+			AppSecret: core.PlainSecret("secret"), Brand: core.BrandFeishu,
+		}},
+	}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("SaveMultiAppConfig() error = %v", err)
+	}
+	f, stdout, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{
+		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "secret", Brand: core.BrandFeishu,
+	})
+	if err := doctorRun(&DoctorOptions{Factory: f, Ctx: context.Background(), Offline: true}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("doctorRun() error = %v", err)
+	}
+	var got struct {
+		Checks []checkResult `json:"checks"`
+	}
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(stdout.Bytes(), &got); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("json.Unmarshal() error = %v", err)
+	}
+	var c *checkResult
+	for i := range got.Checks {
+		if got.Checks[i].Name == "tee_signer" {
+			c = &got.Checks[i]
+		}
+	}
+	if c == nil {
+		t.Fatalf("tee_signer check not present in doctor output: %#v", got.Checks)
+	}
+	if c.Status == "fail" {
+		t.Errorf("tee_signer = fail for a client_secret app; want skip/warn/pass (msg=%q)", c.Message)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRenderDoctorHuman(t *testing.T) {
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	checks := []checkResult{
+		pass("cli_version", "1.0.50"),
+		warn("tee_signer", "tpm2 signer present but TEE unavailable", "add your user to the 'tss' group"),
+		fail("identity_ready", "no usable identity", "run: lark-cli auth status --verify"),
+		skip("endpoint_open", "skipped (--offline)"),
+	}
+	renderDoctorHuman(&buf, "local", checks, false, false)
+	out := buf.String()
+
+	for _, want := range []string{
+		"lark-cli doctor", "workspace: local",
+		"[PASS]", "cli_version", "1.0.50",
+		"[WARN]", "tee_signer", "↳ add your user to the 'tss' group",
+		"[FAIL]", "identity_ready", "↳ run: lark-cli auth status --verify",
+		"[SKIP]", "endpoint_open",
+		"problems found", "1 passed", "1 warning(s)", "1 failed", "1 skipped",
+	} {
+		if !strings.Contains(out, want) {
+			t.Errorf("output missing %q\n---\n%s", want, out)
+		}
+	}
+	if strings.Contains(out, "\033[") {
+		t.Errorf("color=false but ANSI escapes present:\n%s", out)
+	}
+}
+
 func assertCheck(t *testing.T, checks []checkResult, name, status string) {
 	t.Helper()
 	if got := findCheck(t, checks, name); got.Status != status {
@@ -182,16 +317,16 @@ func (p *fakeExtProvider) ResolveToken(context.Context, extcred.TokenSpec) (*ext
 // per-identity checks already carry the source-appropriate escalation.
 func TestDoctor_ExternalProvider_IdentityReadyHintNotBlockedCommand(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", t.TempDir())
-	if err := configpkg.SaveMultiAppConfig(&configpkg.MultiAppConfig{
+	if err := core.SaveMultiAppConfig(&core.MultiAppConfig{
 		CurrentApp: "default",
-		Apps:       []configpkg.AppConfig{{Name: "default", AppId: "cli_x", AppSecret: secret.PlainSecret("secret"), Brand: brand.Feishu}},
+		Apps:       []core.AppConfig{{Name: "default", AppId: "cli_x", AppSecret: core.PlainSecret("secret"), Brand: core.BrandFeishu}},
 	}); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("SaveMultiAppConfig() error = %v", err)
 	}

 	// Provider serves neither identity: bot unsupported, user supported but not
 	// signed in → both unavailable → identity_ready fails.
-	cfg := &configpkg.CliConfig{AppID: "cli_x", Brand: brand.Feishu, SupportedIdentities: uint8(extcred.SupportsUser)}
+	cfg := &core.CliConfig{AppID: "cli_x", Brand: core.BrandFeishu, SupportedIdentities: uint8(extcred.SupportsUser)}
 	cred := credential.NewCredentialProvider(
 		[]extcred.Provider{&fakeExtProvider{name: "corp-sso", account: &extcred.Account{AppID: "cli_x"}}},
 		nil, nil,
@@ -199,7 +334,7 @@ func TestDoctor_ExternalProvider_IdentityReadyHintNotBlockedCommand(t *testing.T
 	)
 	out := &bytes.Buffer{}
 	f := &cmdutil.Factory{
-		Config:     func() (*configpkg.CliConfig, error) { return cfg, nil },
+		Config:     func() (*core.CliConfig, error) { return cfg, nil },
 		Credential: cred,
 		IOStreams:  &cmdutil.IOStreams{Out: out, ErrOut: &bytes.Buffer{}},
 	}
--- a/cmd/error_auth_hint.go
+++ b/cmd/error_auth_hint.go
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/apicatalog"
 	internalauth "github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/auth"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
-	identitypkg "github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/identity"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/registry"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/shortcuts"
 	shortcutcommon "github.com/larksuite/cli/shortcuts/common"
@@ -58,9 +58,9 @@ func resolveDeclaredScopesForCurrentCommand(f *cmdutil.Factory) []string {

 	identity := string(f.ResolvedIdentity)
 	if identity == "" {
-		identity = string(identitypkg.AsUser)
+		identity = string(core.AsUser)
 	}
-	if identity != string(identitypkg.AsUser) && identity != string(identitypkg.AsBot) {
+	if identity != string(core.AsUser) && identity != string(core.AsBot) {
 		return nil
 	}

@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ func commandCatalogPath(cmd *cobra.Command) []string {
 func shortcutSupportsIdentity(sc shortcutcommon.Shortcut, identity string) bool {
 	authTypes := sc.AuthTypes
 	if len(authTypes) == 0 {
-		authTypes = []string{string(identitypkg.AsUser)}
+		authTypes = []string{string(core.AsUser)}
 	}
 	for _, authType := range authTypes {
 		if authType == identity {
--- a/cmd/event/bus.go
+++ b/cmd/event/bus.go
@@ -14,10 +14,10 @@ import (

 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/event"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/event/bus"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/event/transport"
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/workspace"
 )

 // NewCmdBus creates the hidden `event _bus` daemon subcommand, forked by the consume client; fork argv lives in consume/startup.go.
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ func NewCmdBus(f *cmdutil.Factory) *cobra.Command {
 			}

 			// Sanitize AppID: an unsanitized value could escape events/ via ".." or separators.
-			eventsDir := filepath.Join(workspace.GetConfigDir(), "events", event.SanitizeAppID(cfg.AppID))
+			eventsDir := filepath.Join(core.GetConfigDir(), "events", event.SanitizeAppID(cfg.AppID))

 			logger, err := bus.SetupBusLogger(eventsDir)
 			if err != nil {
--- a/cmd/event/bus_test.go
+++ b/cmd/event/bus_test.go
@@ -8,10 +8,9 @@ import (
 	"path/filepath"
 	"testing"

-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/brand"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
-	configpkg "github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/config"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
 )

 // The hidden `event _bus` daemon command must exit with a typed file_io error
@@ -25,8 +24,8 @@ func TestBusCommandLoggerSetupFailureIsTypedFileIO(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}

-	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &configpkg.CliConfig{
-		AppID: "cli_bus_test", AppSecret: "secret", Brand: brand.Feishu,
+	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{
+		AppID: "cli_bus_test", AppSecret: "secret", Brand: core.BrandFeishu,
 	})
 	cmd := NewCmdBus(f)
 	cmd.SetArgs([]string{})
--- a/cmd/event/console_url.go
+++ b/cmd/event/console_url.go
@@ -10,9 +10,8 @@ import (
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"

-	brandpkg "github.com/larksuite/cli/brand"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
 	eventlib "github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/event"
-	identitypkg "github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/identity"
 )

 // Landing-page contract for the scan-to-enable deep link, verified against the
@@ -68,23 +67,23 @@ func encodeAddons(a ManifestAddons) (string, error) {
 }

 // consoleAddonsURL builds the scan-to-enable deep link carrying incremental scopes/events/callbacks.
-func consoleAddonsURL(brand brandpkg.Brand, appID string, a ManifestAddons) (string, error) {
+func consoleAddonsURL(brand core.LarkBrand, appID string, a ManifestAddons) (string, error) {
 	encoded, err := encodeAddons(a)
 	if err != nil {
 		return "", err
 	}
-	host := brandpkg.ResolveEndpoints(brand).Open
+	host := core.ResolveEndpoints(brand).Open
 	return fmt.Sprintf("%s%s?%s=%s&addons=%s", host, addonsLandingPath, addonsClientIDParam, appID, encoded), nil
 }

 // consoleLandingURL is the bare landing page (no addons) — fallback when encoding fails.
-func consoleLandingURL(brand brandpkg.Brand, appID string) string {
-	host := brandpkg.ResolveEndpoints(brand).Open
+func consoleLandingURL(brand core.LarkBrand, appID string) string {
+	host := core.ResolveEndpoints(brand).Open
 	return fmt.Sprintf("%s%s?%s=%s", host, addonsLandingPath, addonsClientIDParam, appID)
 }

 // addonsHintURL returns the scan URL, degrading to the bare landing page on encode error.
-func addonsHintURL(brand brandpkg.Brand, appID string, a ManifestAddons) string {
+func addonsHintURL(brand core.LarkBrand, appID string, a ManifestAddons) string {
 	url, err := consoleAddonsURL(brand, appID, a)
 	if err != nil {
 		return consoleLandingURL(brand, appID)
@@ -95,7 +94,7 @@ func addonsHintURL(brand brandpkg.Brand, appID string, a ManifestAddons) string
 // missingScopeAddons routes missing scopes into the identity-appropriate section.
 // The unused side is an empty (non-nil) slice so JSON encodes [] not null —
 // the addons spec treats a missing tenant/user as an empty array.
-func missingScopeAddons(identity identitypkg.Identity, missing []string) ManifestAddons {
+func missingScopeAddons(identity core.Identity, missing []string) ManifestAddons {
 	s := &AddonsScopes{Tenant: []string{}, User: []string{}}
 	if identity.IsBot() {
 		s.Tenant = missing
@@ -107,7 +106,7 @@ func missingScopeAddons(identity identitypkg.Identity, missing []string) Manifes

 // missingSubscriptionAddons routes missing events/callbacks into the right section.
 // Like missingScopeAddons, unused event sides stay [] (not null) per the addons spec.
-func missingSubscriptionAddons(subType eventlib.SubscriptionType, identity identitypkg.Identity, missing []string) ManifestAddons {
+func missingSubscriptionAddons(subType eventlib.SubscriptionType, identity core.Identity, missing []string) ManifestAddons {
 	if subType == eventlib.SubTypeCallback {
 		return ManifestAddons{Callbacks: &AddonsCallbacks{Items: missing}}
 	}
--- a/cmd/event/console_url_test.go
+++ b/cmd/event/console_url_test.go
@@ -12,9 +12,8 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 	"testing"

-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/brand"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
 	eventlib "github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/event"
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/identity"
 )

 func decodeAddons(t *testing.T, encoded string) ManifestAddons {
@@ -56,11 +55,11 @@ func TestEncodeAddons_RoundTrip(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestConsoleAddonsURL_FormatAndBrandHost(t *testing.T) {
-	url, err := consoleAddonsURL(brand.Feishu, "cli_x", ManifestAddons{Callbacks: &AddonsCallbacks{Items: []string{"card.action.trigger"}}})
+	url, err := consoleAddonsURL(core.BrandFeishu, "cli_x", ManifestAddons{Callbacks: &AddonsCallbacks{Items: []string{"card.action.trigger"}}})
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("url: %v", err)
 	}
-	host := brand.ResolveEndpoints(brand.Feishu).Open
+	host := core.ResolveEndpoints(core.BrandFeishu).Open
 	prefix := host + "/page/launcher?clientID=cli_x&addons="
 	if !strings.HasPrefix(url, prefix) {
 		t.Errorf("url = %q, want prefix %q", url, prefix)
@@ -72,22 +71,22 @@ func TestConsoleAddonsURL_FormatAndBrandHost(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestMissingScopeAddons_ByIdentity(t *testing.T) {
-	bot := missingScopeAddons(identity.AsBot, []string{"im:message"})
+	bot := missingScopeAddons(core.AsBot, []string{"im:message"})
 	if bot.Scopes == nil || len(bot.Scopes.Tenant) != 1 || len(bot.Scopes.User) != 0 {
 		t.Errorf("bot scopes = %+v, want tenant-only", bot.Scopes)
 	}
-	user := missingScopeAddons(identity.AsUser, []string{"im:message"})
+	user := missingScopeAddons(core.AsUser, []string{"im:message"})
 	if user.Scopes == nil || len(user.Scopes.User) != 1 || len(user.Scopes.Tenant) != 0 {
 		t.Errorf("user scopes = %+v, want user-only", user.Scopes)
 	}
 }

 func TestMissingSubscriptionAddons_EventVsCallback(t *testing.T) {
-	ev := missingSubscriptionAddons(eventlib.SubTypeEvent, identity.AsBot, []string{"im.message.receive_v1"})
+	ev := missingSubscriptionAddons(eventlib.SubTypeEvent, core.AsBot, []string{"im.message.receive_v1"})
 	if ev.Events == nil || len(ev.Events.Items.Tenant) != 1 {
 		t.Errorf("event addons = %+v, want events.items.tenant", ev.Events)
 	}
-	cb := missingSubscriptionAddons(eventlib.SubTypeCallback, identity.AsBot, []string{"card.action.trigger"})
+	cb := missingSubscriptionAddons(eventlib.SubTypeCallback, core.AsBot, []string{"card.action.trigger"})
 	if cb.Callbacks == nil || len(cb.Callbacks.Items) != 1 || cb.Events != nil {
 		t.Errorf("callback addons = %+v, want callbacks.items only", cb)
 	}
@@ -97,9 +96,9 @@ func TestMissingAddons_EncodeEmptyArraysNotNull(t *testing.T) {
 	// Unused identity sides must encode as [] (not null) so the launcher page's
 	// shape validation treats them as "缺省 -> 空数组" per the addons spec.
 	cases := []ManifestAddons{
-		missingScopeAddons(identity.AsBot, []string{"im:message"}),
-		missingScopeAddons(identity.AsUser, []string{"im:message"}),
-		missingSubscriptionAddons(eventlib.SubTypeEvent, identity.AsBot, []string{"im.message.receive_v1"}),
+		missingScopeAddons(core.AsBot, []string{"im:message"}),
+		missingScopeAddons(core.AsUser, []string{"im:message"}),
+		missingSubscriptionAddons(eventlib.SubTypeEvent, core.AsBot, []string{"im.message.receive_v1"}),
 	}
 	for i, a := range cases {
 		raw, err := json.Marshal(a)
--- a/cmd/event/consume.go
+++ b/cmd/event/consume.go
@@ -16,16 +16,15 @@ import (

 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"

-	brandpkg "github.com/larksuite/cli/brand"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/appmeta"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/auth"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/credential"
 	eventlib "github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/event"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/event/consume"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/event/transport"
-	identitypkg "github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/identity"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/output"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/validate"
 )
@@ -119,7 +118,7 @@ func runConsume(cmd *cobra.Command, f *cmdutil.Factory, eventKey string, o consu
 		outputDir = safePath
 	}

-	domain := brandpkg.ResolveEndpoints(cfg.Brand).Open
+	domain := core.ResolveEndpoints(cfg.Brand).Open

 	// Surface auth errors before forking the bus daemon.
 	if _, err := resolveTenantToken(cmd.Context(), f, cfg.AppID); err != nil {
@@ -132,7 +131,7 @@ func runConsume(cmd *cobra.Command, f *cmdutil.Factory, eventKey string, o consu
 	}
 	runtime := &consumeRuntime{client: apiClient, accessIdentity: identity}
 	// botRuntime pins AsBot: /app_versions rejects UAT (99991668) and /connection is app-level.
-	botRuntime := &consumeRuntime{client: apiClient, accessIdentity: identitypkg.AsBot}
+	botRuntime := &consumeRuntime{client: apiClient, accessIdentity: core.AsBot}

 	// Weak-dependency fetch: failures leave appVer==nil and downgrade preflight to a no-op.
 	preflightErrOut := f.IOStreams.ErrOut
@@ -225,8 +224,8 @@ func runConsume(cmd *cobra.Command, f *cmdutil.Factory, eventKey string, o consu
 }

 // resolveIdentity resolves the session identity and enforces keyDef.AuthTypes as a whitelist.
-func resolveIdentity(cmd *cobra.Command, f *cmdutil.Factory, keyDef *eventlib.KeyDefinition) (identitypkg.Identity, error) {
-	flagAs := identitypkg.Identity(cmd.Flag("as").Value.String())
+func resolveIdentity(cmd *cobra.Command, f *cmdutil.Factory, keyDef *eventlib.KeyDefinition) (core.Identity, error) {
+	flagAs := core.Identity(cmd.Flag("as").Value.String())
 	identity := f.ResolveAs(cmd.Context(), cmd, flagAs)
 	if len(keyDef.AuthTypes) > 0 {
 		if err := f.CheckIdentity(identity, keyDef.AuthTypes); err != nil {
@@ -239,9 +238,9 @@ func resolveIdentity(cmd *cobra.Command, f *cmdutil.Factory, keyDef *eventlib.Ke
 type preflightCtx struct {
 	factory  *cmdutil.Factory
 	appID    string
-	brand    brandpkg.Brand
+	brand    core.LarkBrand
 	eventKey string
-	identity identitypkg.Identity
+	identity core.Identity
 	keyDef   *eventlib.KeyDefinition
 	appVer   *appmeta.AppVersion
 	// subscribedCallbacks is the application/get 底账 for callback-type EventKeys;
@@ -265,7 +264,7 @@ func preflightScopes(ctx context.Context, pf *preflightCtx) error {
 			return nil
 		}
 		storedScopes = strings.Join(pf.appVer.TenantScopes, " ")
-	case pf.identity == identitypkg.AsUser:
+	case pf.identity == core.AsUser:
 		result, err := pf.factory.Credential.ResolveToken(ctx, credential.NewTokenSpec(pf.identity, pf.appID))
 		if err != nil || result == nil || result.Scopes == "" {
 			return nil //nolint:nilerr // best-effort: bus handshake will surface real auth error
@@ -292,7 +291,7 @@ func preflightScopes(ctx context.Context, pf *preflightCtx) error {
 // the tenant token carries them. User: the scan link only updates the app
 // manifest — the user's own token still lacks the scopes until it is
 // re-authorized — so direct the user to re-login instead.
-func scopeRemediationHint(brand brandpkg.Brand, appID string, identity identitypkg.Identity, missing []string) string {
+func scopeRemediationHint(brand core.LarkBrand, appID string, identity core.Identity, missing []string) string {
 	if identity.IsBot() {
 		return fmt.Sprintf("grant these scopes by scanning: %s",
 			addonsHintURL(brand, appID, missingScopeAddons(identity, missing)))
@@ -369,7 +368,7 @@ func resolveTenantToken(ctx context.Context, f *cmdutil.Factory, appID string) (
 	if ctx == nil {
 		ctx = context.Background()
 	}
-	result, err := f.Credential.ResolveToken(ctx, credential.NewTokenSpec(identitypkg.AsBot, appID))
+	result, err := f.Credential.ResolveToken(ctx, credential.NewTokenSpec(core.AsBot, appID))
 	if err != nil {
 		if _, ok := errs.ProblemOf(err); ok {
 			return "", err
--- a/cmd/event/format_helpers_test.go
+++ b/cmd/event/format_helpers_test.go
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ import (
 	"time"

 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
-	configpkg "github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/config"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/event/protocol"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/output"
 )
@@ -287,7 +287,7 @@ func errorAs(err error, target interface{}) bool {
 }

 func TestNewCmdFactories_WireFlags(t *testing.T) {
-	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &configpkg.CliConfig{AppID: "cli_XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX"})
+	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{AppID: "cli_XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX"})

 	t.Run("consume", func(t *testing.T) {
 		cmd := NewCmdConsume(f)
--- a/cmd/event/list_test.go
+++ b/cmd/event/list_test.go
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import (
 	"testing"

 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
-	configpkg "github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/config"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
 	eventlib "github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/event"

 	_ "github.com/larksuite/cli/events"
@@ -17,8 +17,6 @@ import (

 func TestEventLookup_VCMeetingLifecycleKeys(t *testing.T) {
 	for _, key := range []string{
-		"approval.instance.status_changed_v4",
-		"approval.task.status_changed_v4",
 		"vc.meeting.participant_meeting_started_v1",
 		"vc.meeting.participant_meeting_joined_v1",
 	} {
@@ -29,7 +27,7 @@ func TestEventLookup_VCMeetingLifecycleKeys(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestRunList_TextOutput(t *testing.T) {
-	f, stdout, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &configpkg.CliConfig{AppID: "test"})
+	f, stdout, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{AppID: "test"})

 	if err := runList(f, false); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("runList: %v", err)
@@ -38,8 +36,6 @@ func TestRunList_TextOutput(t *testing.T) {
 	out := stdout.String()
 	for _, want := range []string{
 		"KEY", "AUTH", "PARAMS", "DESCRIPTION",
-		"approval.instance.status_changed_v4",
-		"approval.task.status_changed_v4",
 		"im.message.receive_v1",
 		"im.message.message_read_v1",
 		"task.task.update_user_access_v2",
@@ -53,7 +49,7 @@ func TestRunList_TextOutput(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestRunList_JSONOutput(t *testing.T) {
-	f, stdout, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &configpkg.CliConfig{AppID: "test"})
+	f, stdout, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{AppID: "test"})

 	if err := runList(f, true); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("runList json: %v", err)
@@ -94,8 +90,6 @@ func TestRunList_JSONOutput(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatal("event list JSON missing task.task.update_user_access_v2")
 	}
 	for _, want := range []string{
-		"approval.instance.status_changed_v4",
-		"approval.task.status_changed_v4",
 		"vc.meeting.participant_meeting_started_v1",
 		"vc.meeting.participant_meeting_joined_v1",
 	} {
--- a/cmd/event/preflight_test.go
+++ b/cmd/event/preflight_test.go
@@ -8,14 +8,13 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 	"testing"

-	brandpkg "github.com/larksuite/cli/brand"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/appmeta"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
 	eventlib "github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/event"
-	identitypkg "github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/identity"
 )

-func newPreflightCtx(appID string, brand brandpkg.Brand, identity identitypkg.Identity, keyDef *eventlib.KeyDefinition, appVer *appmeta.AppVersion) *preflightCtx {
+func newPreflightCtx(appID string, brand core.LarkBrand, identity core.Identity, keyDef *eventlib.KeyDefinition, appVer *appmeta.AppVersion) *preflightCtx {
 	key := ""
 	if keyDef != nil {
 		key = keyDef.Key
@@ -109,7 +108,7 @@ func TestPreflightScopes_Bot_NoAppVer_SkipsCheck(t *testing.T) {
 		Key:    "im.message.text",
 		Scopes: []string{"im:message", "im:message.group_at_msg"},
 	}
-	err := preflightScopes(nil, newPreflightCtx("cli_x", "feishu", identitypkg.AsBot, def, nil))
+	err := preflightScopes(nil, newPreflightCtx("cli_x", "feishu", core.AsBot, def, nil))
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("bot + nil appVer should skip, got: %v", err)
 	}
@@ -125,7 +124,7 @@ func TestPreflightScopes_Bot_AllGranted_Passes(t *testing.T) {
 		"im:message.group_at_msg",
 		"contact:user:readonly",
 	}}
-	err := preflightScopes(nil, newPreflightCtx("cli_x", "feishu", identitypkg.AsBot, def, appVer))
+	err := preflightScopes(nil, newPreflightCtx("cli_x", "feishu", core.AsBot, def, appVer))
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("all scopes granted, unexpected error: %v", err)
 	}
@@ -137,7 +136,7 @@ func TestPreflightScopes_Bot_MissingBlocks(t *testing.T) {
 		Scopes: []string{"im:message", "im:message.group_at_msg"},
 	}
 	appVer := &appmeta.AppVersion{TenantScopes: []string{"im:message"}}
-	err := preflightScopes(nil, newPreflightCtx("cli_x", "feishu", identitypkg.AsBot, def, appVer))
+	err := preflightScopes(nil, newPreflightCtx("cli_x", "feishu", core.AsBot, def, appVer))
 	if err == nil {
 		t.Fatal("expected error for missing scope")
 	}
@@ -170,7 +169,7 @@ func TestPreflightScopes_Bot_MissingBlocks(t *testing.T) {

 func TestPreflightScopes_NoRequiredScopes_SkipsCheck(t *testing.T) {
 	def := &eventlib.KeyDefinition{Key: "x"}
-	if err := preflightScopes(nil, newPreflightCtx("cli_x", "feishu", identitypkg.AsBot, def, nil)); err != nil {
+	if err := preflightScopes(nil, newPreflightCtx("cli_x", "feishu", core.AsBot, def, nil)); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("no required scopes means nothing to verify, got: %v", err)
 	}
 }
@@ -178,9 +177,9 @@ func TestPreflightScopes_NoRequiredScopes_SkipsCheck(t *testing.T) {
 func TestPreflightEventTypes_CallbackMissing(t *testing.T) {
 	pf := &preflightCtx{
 		appID:               "cli_x",
-		brand:               brandpkg.Feishu,
+		brand:               core.BrandFeishu,
 		eventKey:            "test.cb",
-		identity:            identitypkg.AsBot,
+		identity:            core.AsBot,
 		subscribedCallbacks: []string{"profile.view.get"},
 		keyDef: &eventlib.KeyDefinition{
 			Key:                   "test.cb",
@@ -207,9 +206,9 @@ func TestPreflightEventTypes_CallbackMissing(t *testing.T) {
 func TestPreflightEventTypes_CallbackSkippedWhenNil(t *testing.T) {
 	pf := &preflightCtx{
 		appID:               "cli_x",
-		brand:               brandpkg.Feishu,
+		brand:               core.BrandFeishu,
 		eventKey:            "test.cb",
-		identity:            identitypkg.AsBot,
+		identity:            core.AsBot,
 		subscribedCallbacks: nil, // fetch 失败/拿不到 -> 弱依赖跳过
 		keyDef: &eventlib.KeyDefinition{
 			Key:                   "test.cb",
@@ -228,9 +227,9 @@ func TestPreflightEventTypes_CallbackEmptyReportsMissing(t *testing.T) {
 	// not skipped as a weak dependency.
 	pf := &preflightCtx{
 		appID:               "cli_x",
-		brand:               brandpkg.Feishu,
+		brand:               core.BrandFeishu,
 		eventKey:            "test.cb",
-		identity:            identitypkg.AsBot,
+		identity:            core.AsBot,
 		subscribedCallbacks: []string{}, // fetched, none subscribed
 		keyDef: &eventlib.KeyDefinition{
 			Key:                   "test.cb",
@@ -250,9 +249,9 @@ func TestPreflightEventTypes_CallbackEmptyReportsMissing(t *testing.T) {
 func TestPreflightEventTypes_CallbackAllSubscribed_Passes(t *testing.T) {
 	pf := &preflightCtx{
 		appID:               "cli_x",
-		brand:               brandpkg.Feishu,
+		brand:               core.BrandFeishu,
 		eventKey:            "test.cb",
-		identity:            identitypkg.AsBot,
+		identity:            core.AsBot,
 		subscribedCallbacks: []string{"card.action.trigger", "profile.view.get"},
 		keyDef: &eventlib.KeyDefinition{
 			Key:                   "test.cb",
@@ -267,12 +266,12 @@ func TestPreflightEventTypes_CallbackAllSubscribed_Passes(t *testing.T) {

 func TestScopeRemediationHint_ByIdentity(t *testing.T) {
 	// bot: scan-to-enable link (adds scopes to app manifest)
-	bot := scopeRemediationHint(brandpkg.Feishu, "cli_x", identitypkg.AsBot, []string{"im:message"})
+	bot := scopeRemediationHint(core.BrandFeishu, "cli_x", core.AsBot, []string{"im:message"})
 	if !strings.Contains(bot, "/page/launcher?clientID=cli_x&addons=") {
 		t.Errorf("bot hint should give the scan link, got: %s", bot)
 	}
 	// user: re-login (scan link cannot grant scopes to the user's own token)
-	user := scopeRemediationHint(brandpkg.Feishu, "cli_x", identitypkg.AsUser, []string{"im:message"})
+	user := scopeRemediationHint(core.BrandFeishu, "cli_x", core.AsUser, []string{"im:message"})
 	if !strings.Contains(user, "auth login --scope") {
 		t.Errorf("user hint should direct to auth login, got: %s", user)
 	}
--- a/cmd/event/runtime.go
+++ b/cmd/event/runtime.go
@@ -9,13 +9,13 @@ import (

 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/client"
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/identity"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
 )

 // consumeRuntime routes event.APIClient calls through the shared client.APIClient with a pinned identity.
 type consumeRuntime struct {
 	client         *client.APIClient
-	accessIdentity identity.Identity
+	accessIdentity core.Identity
 }

 func (r *consumeRuntime) CallAPI(ctx context.Context, method, path string, body interface{}) (json.RawMessage, error) {
--- a/cmd/event/runtime_test.go
+++ b/cmd/event/runtime_test.go
@@ -14,12 +14,10 @@ import (
 	lark "github.com/larksuite/oapi-sdk-go/v3"
 	larkcore "github.com/larksuite/oapi-sdk-go/v3/core"

-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/brand"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/client"
-	configpkg "github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/config"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/credential"
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/identity"
 )

 // staticTokenResolver always returns a fixed token without any HTTP calls.
@@ -47,9 +45,9 @@ func newTestConsumeRuntime(rt http.RoundTripper) *consumeRuntime {
 			SDK:        sdk,
 			ErrOut:     io.Discard,
 			Credential: credential.NewCredentialProvider(nil, nil, &staticTokenResolver{}, nil),
-			Config:     &configpkg.CliConfig{AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: brand.Feishu},
+			Config:     &core.CliConfig{AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: core.BrandFeishu},
 		},
-		accessIdentity: identity.AsBot,
+		accessIdentity: core.AsBot,
 	}
 }

--- a/cmd/event/schema_test.go
+++ b/cmd/event/schema_test.go
@@ -12,38 +12,15 @@ import (

 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
-	configpkg "github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/config"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
 	eventlib "github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/event"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/event/schemas"

 	_ "github.com/larksuite/cli/events"
 )

-type approvalSchemaJSONPayload struct {
-	JQRootPath           string                           `json:"jq_root_path"`
-	AuthTypes            []string                         `json:"auth_types"`
-	Scopes               []string                         `json:"scopes"`
-	Params               []approvalSchemaJSONParam        `json:"params"`
-	ResolvedOutputSchema approvalSchemaJSONResolvedSchema `json:"resolved_output_schema"`
-}
-
-type approvalSchemaJSONParam struct {
-	Name            string `json:"name"`
-	Type            string `json:"type"`
-	Required        bool   `json:"required"`
-	SubscriptionKey bool   `json:"subscription_key"`
-}
-
-type approvalSchemaJSONResolvedSchema struct {
-	Properties map[string]approvalSchemaJSONProperty `json:"properties"`
-}
-
-type approvalSchemaJSONProperty struct {
-	Format string `json:"format"`
-}
-
 func TestRunSchema_ProcessedKey_Text(t *testing.T) {
-	f, stdout, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &configpkg.CliConfig{AppID: "test"})
+	f, stdout, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{AppID: "test"})

 	if err := runSchema(f, "im.message.receive_v1", false); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("runSchema: %v", err)
@@ -63,7 +40,7 @@ func TestRunSchema_ProcessedKey_Text(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestRunSchema_NativeKey_WrapsEnvelope(t *testing.T) {
-	f, stdout, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &configpkg.CliConfig{AppID: "test"})
+	f, stdout, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{AppID: "test"})

 	if err := runSchema(f, "im.message.message_read_v1", false); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("runSchema: %v", err)
@@ -83,7 +60,7 @@ func TestRunSchema_NativeKey_WrapsEnvelope(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestRunSchema_UnknownKey_SuggestsAlternatives(t *testing.T) {
-	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &configpkg.CliConfig{AppID: "test"})
+	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{AppID: "test"})

 	err := runSchema(f, "im.message.recieve_v1", false)
 	if err == nil {
@@ -99,7 +76,7 @@ func TestRunSchema_UnknownKey_SuggestsAlternatives(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestRunSchema_JSONOutput(t *testing.T) {
-	f, stdout, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &configpkg.CliConfig{AppID: "test"})
+	f, stdout, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{AppID: "test"})

 	if err := runSchema(f, "im.message.receive_v1", true); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("runSchema json: %v", err)
@@ -119,42 +96,8 @@ func TestRunSchema_JSONOutput(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }

-func TestRunSchema_ReceiveMessageAgentFieldsJSON(t *testing.T) {
-	f, stdout, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &configpkg.CliConfig{AppID: "test"})
-
-	if err := runSchema(f, "im.message.receive_v1", true); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("runSchema json: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	var payload map[string]interface{}
-	if err := json.Unmarshal(stdout.Bytes(), &payload); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("output is not valid JSON: %v\n%s", err, stdout.String())
-	}
-	resolved := payload["resolved_output_schema"].(map[string]interface{})
-	props := resolved["properties"].(map[string]interface{})
-	for _, field := range []string{
-		"root_id",
-		"thread_id",
-		"reply_to",
-		"sender_type",
-		"mentions",
-	} {
-		if _, ok := props[field]; !ok {
-			t.Errorf("receive schema missing field %q", field)
-		}
-	}
-	msgDesc := props["message_id"].(map[string]interface{})["description"].(string)
-	if !strings.Contains(msgDesc, "Recommended idempotency key") {
-		t.Errorf("message_id description should guide deduplication, got %q", msgDesc)
-	}
-	eventDesc := props["event_id"].(map[string]interface{})["description"].(string)
-	if strings.Contains(eventDesc, "safe for deduplication") {
-		t.Errorf("event_id description should not recommend deduplication, got %q", eventDesc)
-	}
-}
-
 func TestRunSchema_TaskUpdateUserAccessJSON(t *testing.T) {
-	f, stdout, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &configpkg.CliConfig{AppID: "test"})
+	f, stdout, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{AppID: "test"})

 	if err := runSchema(f, "task.task.update_user_access_v2", true); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("runSchema json: %v", err)
@@ -181,67 +124,13 @@ func TestRunSchema_TaskUpdateUserAccessJSON(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }

-func TestRunSchema_ApprovalStatusChangedJSON(t *testing.T) {
-	tests := []struct {
-		key   string
-		scope string
-	}{
-		{"approval.instance.status_changed_v4", "approval:instance:read"},
-		{"approval.task.status_changed_v4", "approval:task:read"},
-	}
-
-	for _, tc := range tests {
-		t.Run(tc.key, func(t *testing.T) {
-			t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", t.TempDir())
-			f, stdout, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &configpkg.CliConfig{AppID: "test"})
-
-			if err := runSchema(f, tc.key, true); err != nil {
-				t.Fatalf("runSchema json: %v", err)
-			}
-
-			var payload approvalSchemaJSONPayload
-			if err := json.Unmarshal(stdout.Bytes(), &payload); err != nil {
-				t.Fatalf("output is not valid JSON: %v\n%s", err, stdout.String())
-			}
-			if payload.JQRootPath != "." {
-				t.Errorf("jq_root_path = %v, want .", payload.JQRootPath)
-			}
-			if got := payload.AuthTypes; !reflect.DeepEqual(got, []string{"user"}) {
-				t.Errorf("auth_types = %#v, want user", got)
-			}
-			if got := payload.Scopes; !reflect.DeepEqual(got, []string{tc.scope}) {
-				t.Errorf("scopes = %#v, want %s", got, tc.scope)
-			}
-			if len(payload.Params) != 1 {
-				t.Fatalf("params = %#v, want one subscription_type param", payload.Params)
-			}
-			param := payload.Params[0]
-			if param.Name != "subscription_type" || param.Type != "multi" || param.Required || param.SubscriptionKey {
-				t.Fatalf("subscription_type param = %#v, want optional multi non-subscription-key param", param)
-			}
-			props := payload.ResolvedOutputSchema.Properties
-			for _, field := range []string{"type", "event_id", "timestamp", "approval_code", "instance_code", "status", "operate_time"} {
-				if _, ok := props[field]; !ok {
-					t.Errorf("approval schema missing flat field %q: %+v", field, props)
-				}
-			}
-			if _, ok := props["event"]; ok {
-				t.Errorf("approval Custom schema should be flat, got envelope field event: %+v", props)
-			}
-			if got := props["operate_time"].Format; got != "timestamp_ms" {
-				t.Errorf("operate_time format = %v, want timestamp_ms", got)
-			}
-		})
-	}
-}
-
 func TestRunSchema_JSONOutput_VCMeetingLifecycleKeys(t *testing.T) {
 	for _, key := range []string{
 		"vc.meeting.participant_meeting_started_v1",
 		"vc.meeting.participant_meeting_joined_v1",
 	} {
 		t.Run(key, func(t *testing.T) {
-			f, stdout, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &configpkg.CliConfig{AppID: "test"})
+			f, stdout, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{AppID: "test"})

 			if err := runSchema(f, key, true); err != nil {
 				t.Fatalf("runSchema json: %v", err)
@@ -288,7 +177,7 @@ func TestSchema_RendersSubscriptionKeyMarker(t *testing.T) {
 		Schema: eventlib.SchemaDef{Native: &eventlib.SchemaSpec{Type: reflect.TypeOf(struct{ X string }{})}},
 	})

-	f, stdout, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &configpkg.CliConfig{AppID: "test"})
+	f, stdout, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{AppID: "test"})
 	if err := runSchema(f, syntheticKey, false); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("runSchema: %v", err)
 	}
@@ -334,7 +223,7 @@ func TestSchema_JSON_IncludesSubscriptionKey(t *testing.T) {
 		Schema:    eventlib.SchemaDef{Native: &eventlib.SchemaSpec{Type: reflect.TypeOf(struct{ X string }{})}},
 	})

-	f, stdout, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &configpkg.CliConfig{AppID: "test"})
+	f, stdout, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{AppID: "test"})
 	if err := runSchema(f, syntheticKey, true); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("runSchema json: %v", err)
 	}
--- a/cmd/global_flags.go
+++ b/cmd/global_flags.go
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 package cmd

 import (
-	configpkg "github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/config"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
 	"github.com/spf13/pflag"
 )

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ func RegisterGlobalFlags(fs *pflag.FlagSet, opts *GlobalOptions) {
 // until at least two profiles exist. Intended for the Execute entry point —
 // buildInternal must not call this directly to stay state-free.
 func isSingleAppMode() bool {
-	raw, err := configpkg.LoadMultiAppConfig()
+	raw, err := core.LoadMultiAppConfig()
 	if err != nil || raw == nil {
 		return true
 	}
--- a/cmd/global_flags_test.go
+++ b/cmd/global_flags_test.go
@@ -8,10 +8,8 @@ import (
 	"os"
 	"testing"

-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/brand"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
-	configpkg "github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/config"
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/secret"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
 	"github.com/spf13/pflag"
 )

@@ -60,8 +58,8 @@ func TestIsSingleAppMode_NoConfig(t *testing.T) {

 func TestIsSingleAppMode_SingleApp(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", t.TempDir())
-	saveAppsForTest(t, []configpkg.AppConfig{
-		{Name: "default", AppId: "cli_a", AppSecret: secret.PlainSecret("x"), Brand: brand.Feishu},
+	saveAppsForTest(t, []core.AppConfig{
+		{Name: "default", AppId: "cli_a", AppSecret: core.PlainSecret("x"), Brand: core.BrandFeishu},
 	})
 	if !isSingleAppMode() {
 		t.Fatal("isSingleAppMode() = false, want true for single-app config")
@@ -70,9 +68,9 @@ func TestIsSingleAppMode_SingleApp(t *testing.T) {

 func TestIsSingleAppMode_MultiApp(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", t.TempDir())
-	saveAppsForTest(t, []configpkg.AppConfig{
-		{Name: "a", AppId: "cli_a", AppSecret: secret.PlainSecret("x"), Brand: brand.Feishu},
-		{Name: "b", AppId: "cli_b", AppSecret: secret.PlainSecret("y"), Brand: brand.Feishu},
+	saveAppsForTest(t, []core.AppConfig{
+		{Name: "a", AppId: "cli_a", AppSecret: core.PlainSecret("x"), Brand: core.BrandFeishu},
+		{Name: "b", AppId: "cli_b", AppSecret: core.PlainSecret("y"), Brand: core.BrandFeishu},
 	})
 	if isSingleAppMode() {
 		t.Fatal("isSingleAppMode() = true, want false for multi-app config")
@@ -103,10 +101,10 @@ func TestBuildInternal_DefaultShowsProfileFlag(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }

-func saveAppsForTest(t *testing.T, apps []configpkg.AppConfig) {
+func saveAppsForTest(t *testing.T, apps []core.AppConfig) {
 	t.Helper()
-	multi := &configpkg.MultiAppConfig{CurrentApp: apps[0].Name, Apps: apps}
-	if err := configpkg.SaveMultiAppConfig(multi); err != nil {
+	multi := &core.MultiAppConfig{CurrentApp: apps[0].Name, Apps: apps}
+	if err := core.SaveMultiAppConfig(multi); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("SaveMultiAppConfig() error = %v", err)
 	}
 }
--- a/cmd/platform_bootstrap.go
+++ b/cmd/platform_bootstrap.go
@@ -14,10 +14,10 @@ import (

 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/extension/platform"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdpolicy"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/hook"
 	internalplatform "github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/platform"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/vfs"
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/workspace"
 )

 // userPolicyFileName is the conventional filename for the user-layer Rule.
@@ -261,7 +261,7 @@ func splitCSV(s string) []string {
 // userPolicyPath returns the path of <baseConfigDir>/policy.yml.
 //
 // The base directory honours LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR (via
-// workspace.GetBaseConfigDir) so that test isolation, container deployments
+// core.GetBaseConfigDir) so that test isolation, container deployments
 // and per-Agent config overrides all see a consistent policy location.
 // Using vfs.UserHomeDir directly here would silently bypass the env
 // override and route every test through the real ~/.lark-cli.
@@ -271,7 +271,7 @@ func splitCSV(s string) []string {
 // the home dir can't be resolved, and the resolver already treats a
 // missing file as "no policy".
 func userPolicyPath() (string, error) {
-	return filepath.Join(workspace.GetBaseConfigDir(), userPolicyFileName), nil
+	return filepath.Join(core.GetBaseConfigDir(), userPolicyFileName), nil
 }

 // warnPolicyError writes a one-line stderr warning when the user policy
--- a/cmd/profile/add.go
+++ b/cmd/profile/add.go
@@ -12,13 +12,11 @@ import (

 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"

-	brandpkg "github.com/larksuite/cli/brand"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
-	configpkg "github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/config"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/i18n"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/output"
-	secretpkg "github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/secret"
 )

 // NewCmdProfileAdd creates the profile add subcommand.
@@ -55,7 +53,7 @@ func NewCmdProfileAdd(f *cmdutil.Factory) *cobra.Command {
 }

 func profileAddRun(f *cmdutil.Factory, name, appID string, appSecretStdin bool, brand, lang string, useAfter bool) error {
-	if err := configpkg.ValidateProfileName(name); err != nil {
+	if err := core.ValidateProfileName(name); err != nil {
 		return errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, "%v", err).
 			WithCause(err).
 			WithParam("--name")
@@ -92,12 +90,12 @@ func profileAddRun(f *cmdutil.Factory, name, appID string, appSecretStdin bool,
 	}

 	// Load or create config
-	multi, err := configpkg.LoadMultiAppConfig()
+	multi, err := core.LoadMultiAppConfig()
 	if err != nil {
 		if !errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
 			return errs.NewInternalError(errs.SubtypeFileIO, "failed to load config: %v", err).WithCause(err)
 		}
-		multi = &configpkg.MultiAppConfig{}
+		multi = &core.MultiAppConfig{}
 	}

 	// Check name uniqueness
@@ -117,12 +115,12 @@ func profileAddRun(f *cmdutil.Factory, name, appID string, appSecretStdin bool,
 	}

 	// Store secret securely
-	secret, err := secretpkg.ForStorage(appID, secretpkg.PlainSecret(appSecret), f.Keychain)
+	secret, err := core.ForStorage(appID, core.PlainSecret(appSecret), f.Keychain)
 	if err != nil {
 		return errs.NewInternalError(errs.SubtypeStorage, "%v", err).WithCause(err)
 	}

-	parsedBrand := brandpkg.ParseBrand(brand)
+	parsedBrand := core.ParseBrand(brand)

 	// Capture current profile before appending (avoid setting PreviousApp to self)
 	var previousName string
@@ -133,13 +131,13 @@ func profileAddRun(f *cmdutil.Factory, name, appID string, appSecretStdin bool,
 	}

 	// Append profile
-	multi.Apps = append(multi.Apps, configpkg.AppConfig{
+	multi.Apps = append(multi.Apps, core.AppConfig{
 		Name:      name,
 		AppId:     appID,
 		AppSecret: secret,
 		Brand:     parsedBrand,
 		Lang:      i18n.Lang(lang),
-		Users:     []configpkg.AppUser{},
+		Users:     []core.AppUser{},
 	})

 	if useAfter {
@@ -149,7 +147,7 @@ func profileAddRun(f *cmdutil.Factory, name, appID string, appSecretStdin bool,
 		multi.CurrentApp = name
 	}

-	if err := configpkg.SaveMultiAppConfig(multi); err != nil {
+	if err := core.SaveMultiAppConfig(multi); err != nil {
 		return errs.NewInternalError(errs.SubtypeStorage, "failed to save config: %v", err).WithCause(err)
 	}

--- a/cmd/profile/list.go
+++ b/cmd/profile/list.go
@@ -9,22 +9,21 @@ import (

 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"

-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/brand"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
 	larkauth "github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/auth"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
-	configpkg "github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/config"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/output"
 )

 // profileListItem is the JSON output for a single profile entry.
 type profileListItem struct {
-	Name        string      `json:"name"`
-	AppID       string      `json:"appId"`
-	Brand       brand.Brand `json:"brand"`
-	Active      bool        `json:"active"`
-	User        string      `json:"user,omitempty"`
-	TokenStatus string      `json:"tokenStatus,omitempty"`
+	Name        string         `json:"name"`
+	AppID       string         `json:"appId"`
+	Brand       core.LarkBrand `json:"brand"`
+	Active      bool           `json:"active"`
+	User        string         `json:"user,omitempty"`
+	TokenStatus string         `json:"tokenStatus,omitempty"`
 }

 // NewCmdProfileList creates the profile list subcommand.
@@ -41,7 +40,7 @@ func NewCmdProfileList(f *cmdutil.Factory) *cobra.Command {
 }

 func profileListRun(f *cmdutil.Factory) error {
-	multi, err := configpkg.LoadMultiAppConfig()
+	multi, err := core.LoadMultiAppConfig()
 	if err != nil {
 		if errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
 			output.PrintJson(f.IOStreams.Out, []profileListItem{})
--- a/cmd/profile/profile_test.go
+++ b/cmd/profile/profile_test.go
@@ -11,13 +11,11 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 	"testing"

-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/brand"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
-	configpkg "github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/config"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/i18n"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/output"
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/secret"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/vfs"
 )

@@ -77,7 +75,7 @@ func TestProfileAddRun_Lang(t *testing.T) {
 			if err := profileAddRun(f, "p", "app-p", true, "feishu", in, false); err != nil {
 				t.Fatalf("--lang %q: profileAddRun() error = %v", in, err)
 			}
-			saved, err := configpkg.LoadMultiAppConfig()
+			saved, err := core.LoadMultiAppConfig()
 			if err != nil {
 				t.Fatalf("LoadMultiAppConfig() error = %v", err)
 			}
@@ -94,7 +92,7 @@ func TestProfileAddRun_Lang(t *testing.T) {
 		if err := profileAddRun(f, "p", "app-p", true, "feishu", "", false); err != nil {
 			t.Fatalf("profileAddRun() error = %v", err)
 		}
-		saved, _ := configpkg.LoadMultiAppConfig()
+		saved, _ := core.LoadMultiAppConfig()
 		if app := saved.FindApp("p"); app == nil || app.Lang != "" {
 			t.Errorf("stored Lang = %v, want \"\" (unset)", app)
 		}
@@ -117,13 +115,13 @@ func TestProfileAddRun_Lang(t *testing.T) {

 func TestProfileAddRun_UseAfterUpdatesCurrentAndPrevious(t *testing.T) {
 	setupProfileConfigDir(t)
-	multi := &configpkg.MultiAppConfig{
+	multi := &core.MultiAppConfig{
 		CurrentApp: "default",
-		Apps: []configpkg.AppConfig{
-			{Name: "default", AppId: "app-default", AppSecret: secret.PlainSecret("secret-default"), Brand: brand.Feishu},
+		Apps: []core.AppConfig{
+			{Name: "default", AppId: "app-default", AppSecret: core.PlainSecret("secret-default"), Brand: core.BrandFeishu},
 		},
 	}
-	if err := configpkg.SaveMultiAppConfig(multi); err != nil {
+	if err := core.SaveMultiAppConfig(multi); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("SaveMultiAppConfig() error = %v", err)
 	}

@@ -134,7 +132,7 @@ func TestProfileAddRun_UseAfterUpdatesCurrentAndPrevious(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("profileAddRun() error = %v", err)
 	}

-	saved, err := configpkg.LoadMultiAppConfig()
+	saved, err := core.LoadMultiAppConfig()
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("LoadMultiAppConfig() error = %v", err)
 	}
@@ -151,15 +149,15 @@ func TestProfileAddRun_UseAfterUpdatesCurrentAndPrevious(t *testing.T) {

 func TestProfileRemoveRun_RemovesCurrentProfileAndSwitchesToFirstRemaining(t *testing.T) {
 	setupProfileConfigDir(t)
-	multi := &configpkg.MultiAppConfig{
+	multi := &core.MultiAppConfig{
 		CurrentApp:  "target",
 		PreviousApp: "default",
-		Apps: []configpkg.AppConfig{
-			{Name: "default", AppId: "app-default", AppSecret: secret.PlainSecret("secret-default"), Brand: brand.Feishu},
-			{Name: "target", AppId: "app-target", AppSecret: secret.PlainSecret("secret-target"), Brand: brand.Lark},
+		Apps: []core.AppConfig{
+			{Name: "default", AppId: "app-default", AppSecret: core.PlainSecret("secret-default"), Brand: core.BrandFeishu},
+			{Name: "target", AppId: "app-target", AppSecret: core.PlainSecret("secret-target"), Brand: core.BrandLark},
 		},
 	}
-	if err := configpkg.SaveMultiAppConfig(multi); err != nil {
+	if err := core.SaveMultiAppConfig(multi); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("SaveMultiAppConfig() error = %v", err)
 	}

@@ -168,7 +166,7 @@ func TestProfileRemoveRun_RemovesCurrentProfileAndSwitchesToFirstRemaining(t *te
 		t.Fatalf("profileRemoveRun() error = %v", err)
 	}

-	saved, err := configpkg.LoadMultiAppConfig()
+	saved, err := core.LoadMultiAppConfig()
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("LoadMultiAppConfig() error = %v", err)
 	}
@@ -185,17 +183,17 @@ func TestProfileRemoveRun_RemovesCurrentProfileAndSwitchesToFirstRemaining(t *te

 func TestProfileRenameRun_UpdatesCurrentAndPreviousReferences(t *testing.T) {
 	setupProfileConfigDir(t)
-	multi := &configpkg.MultiAppConfig{
+	multi := &core.MultiAppConfig{
 		CurrentApp:  "old",
 		PreviousApp: "old",
-		Apps: []configpkg.AppConfig{{
+		Apps: []core.AppConfig{{
 			Name:      "old",
 			AppId:     "app-old",
-			AppSecret: secret.PlainSecret("secret-old"),
-			Brand:     brand.Feishu,
+			AppSecret: core.PlainSecret("secret-old"),
+			Brand:     core.BrandFeishu,
 		}},
 	}
-	if err := configpkg.SaveMultiAppConfig(multi); err != nil {
+	if err := core.SaveMultiAppConfig(multi); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("SaveMultiAppConfig() error = %v", err)
 	}

@@ -204,7 +202,7 @@ func TestProfileRenameRun_UpdatesCurrentAndPreviousReferences(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("profileRenameRun() error = %v", err)
 	}

-	saved, err := configpkg.LoadMultiAppConfig()
+	saved, err := core.LoadMultiAppConfig()
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("LoadMultiAppConfig() error = %v", err)
 	}
@@ -221,17 +219,17 @@ func TestProfileRenameRun_UpdatesCurrentAndPreviousReferences(t *testing.T) {

 func TestProfileRenameRun_AllowsRenameToOwnAppID(t *testing.T) {
 	setupProfileConfigDir(t)
-	multi := &configpkg.MultiAppConfig{
+	multi := &core.MultiAppConfig{
 		CurrentApp:  "old",
 		PreviousApp: "old",
-		Apps: []configpkg.AppConfig{{
+		Apps: []core.AppConfig{{
 			Name:      "old",
 			AppId:     "app-old",
-			AppSecret: secret.PlainSecret("secret-old"),
-			Brand:     brand.Feishu,
+			AppSecret: core.PlainSecret("secret-old"),
+			Brand:     core.BrandFeishu,
 		}},
 	}
-	if err := configpkg.SaveMultiAppConfig(multi); err != nil {
+	if err := core.SaveMultiAppConfig(multi); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("SaveMultiAppConfig() error = %v", err)
 	}

@@ -240,7 +238,7 @@ func TestProfileRenameRun_AllowsRenameToOwnAppID(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("profileRenameRun() error = %v", err)
 	}

-	saved, err := configpkg.LoadMultiAppConfig()
+	saved, err := core.LoadMultiAppConfig()
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("LoadMultiAppConfig() error = %v", err)
 	}
@@ -257,15 +255,15 @@ func TestProfileRenameRun_AllowsRenameToOwnAppID(t *testing.T) {

 func TestProfileUseRun_ToggleBackUsesPreviousProfile(t *testing.T) {
 	setupProfileConfigDir(t)
-	multi := &configpkg.MultiAppConfig{
+	multi := &core.MultiAppConfig{
 		CurrentApp:  "default",
 		PreviousApp: "target",
-		Apps: []configpkg.AppConfig{
-			{Name: "default", AppId: "app-default", AppSecret: secret.PlainSecret("secret-default"), Brand: brand.Feishu},
-			{Name: "target", AppId: "app-target", AppSecret: secret.PlainSecret("secret-target"), Brand: brand.Lark},
+		Apps: []core.AppConfig{
+			{Name: "default", AppId: "app-default", AppSecret: core.PlainSecret("secret-default"), Brand: core.BrandFeishu},
+			{Name: "target", AppId: "app-target", AppSecret: core.PlainSecret("secret-target"), Brand: core.BrandLark},
 		},
 	}
-	if err := configpkg.SaveMultiAppConfig(multi); err != nil {
+	if err := core.SaveMultiAppConfig(multi); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("SaveMultiAppConfig() error = %v", err)
 	}

@@ -274,7 +272,7 @@ func TestProfileUseRun_ToggleBackUsesPreviousProfile(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("profileUseRun() error = %v", err)
 	}

-	saved, err := configpkg.LoadMultiAppConfig()
+	saved, err := core.LoadMultiAppConfig()
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("LoadMultiAppConfig() error = %v", err)
 	}
@@ -288,14 +286,14 @@ func TestProfileUseRun_ToggleBackUsesPreviousProfile(t *testing.T) {

 func TestProfileListRun_OutputsProfiles(t *testing.T) {
 	setupProfileConfigDir(t)
-	multi := &configpkg.MultiAppConfig{
+	multi := &core.MultiAppConfig{
 		CurrentApp: "default",
-		Apps: []configpkg.AppConfig{
-			{Name: "default", AppId: "app-default", AppSecret: secret.PlainSecret("secret-default"), Brand: brand.Feishu},
-			{Name: "target", AppId: "app-target", AppSecret: secret.PlainSecret("secret-target"), Brand: brand.Lark},
+		Apps: []core.AppConfig{
+			{Name: "default", AppId: "app-default", AppSecret: core.PlainSecret("secret-default"), Brand: core.BrandFeishu},
+			{Name: "target", AppId: "app-target", AppSecret: core.PlainSecret("secret-target"), Brand: core.BrandLark},
 		},
 	}
-	if err := configpkg.SaveMultiAppConfig(multi); err != nil {
+	if err := core.SaveMultiAppConfig(multi); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("SaveMultiAppConfig() error = %v", err)
 	}

@@ -341,14 +339,14 @@ func TestProfileListRun_NotConfiguredReturnsEmptyList(t *testing.T) {

 func TestProfileRemoveRun_SaveFailureReturnsStructuredError(t *testing.T) {
 	setupProfileConfigDir(t)
-	multi := &configpkg.MultiAppConfig{
+	multi := &core.MultiAppConfig{
 		CurrentApp: "target",
-		Apps: []configpkg.AppConfig{
-			{Name: "default", AppId: "app-default", AppSecret: secret.PlainSecret("secret-default"), Brand: brand.Feishu},
-			{Name: "target", AppId: "app-target", AppSecret: secret.PlainSecret("secret-target"), Brand: brand.Lark},
+		Apps: []core.AppConfig{
+			{Name: "default", AppId: "app-default", AppSecret: core.PlainSecret("secret-default"), Brand: core.BrandFeishu},
+			{Name: "target", AppId: "app-target", AppSecret: core.PlainSecret("secret-target"), Brand: core.BrandLark},
 		},
 	}
-	if err := configpkg.SaveMultiAppConfig(multi); err != nil {
+	if err := core.SaveMultiAppConfig(multi); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("SaveMultiAppConfig() error = %v", err)
 	}

@@ -366,16 +364,16 @@ func TestProfileRemoveRun_SaveFailureReturnsStructuredError(t *testing.T) {

 func TestProfileRenameRun_SaveFailureReturnsStructuredError(t *testing.T) {
 	setupProfileConfigDir(t)
-	multi := &configpkg.MultiAppConfig{
+	multi := &core.MultiAppConfig{
 		CurrentApp: "old",
-		Apps: []configpkg.AppConfig{{
+		Apps: []core.AppConfig{{
 			Name:      "old",
 			AppId:     "app-old",
-			AppSecret: secret.PlainSecret("secret-old"),
-			Brand:     brand.Feishu,
+			AppSecret: core.PlainSecret("secret-old"),
+			Brand:     core.BrandFeishu,
 		}},
 	}
-	if err := configpkg.SaveMultiAppConfig(multi); err != nil {
+	if err := core.SaveMultiAppConfig(multi); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("SaveMultiAppConfig() error = %v", err)
 	}

@@ -393,14 +391,14 @@ func TestProfileRenameRun_SaveFailureReturnsStructuredError(t *testing.T) {

 func TestProfileUseRun_SaveFailureReturnsStructuredError(t *testing.T) {
 	setupProfileConfigDir(t)
-	multi := &configpkg.MultiAppConfig{
+	multi := &core.MultiAppConfig{
 		CurrentApp: "default",
-		Apps: []configpkg.AppConfig{
-			{Name: "default", AppId: "app-default", AppSecret: secret.PlainSecret("secret-default"), Brand: brand.Feishu},
-			{Name: "target", AppId: "app-target", AppSecret: secret.PlainSecret("secret-target"), Brand: brand.Lark},
+		Apps: []core.AppConfig{
+			{Name: "default", AppId: "app-default", AppSecret: core.PlainSecret("secret-default"), Brand: core.BrandFeishu},
+			{Name: "target", AppId: "app-target", AppSecret: core.PlainSecret("secret-target"), Brand: core.BrandLark},
 		},
 	}
-	if err := configpkg.SaveMultiAppConfig(multi); err != nil {
+	if err := core.SaveMultiAppConfig(multi); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("SaveMultiAppConfig() error = %v", err)
 	}

@@ -463,14 +461,14 @@ func assertValidationError(t *testing.T, err error, wantSubtype errs.Subtype, wa

 func saveTwoProfiles(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Helper()
-	multi := &configpkg.MultiAppConfig{
+	multi := &core.MultiAppConfig{
 		CurrentApp: "default",
-		Apps: []configpkg.AppConfig{
-			{Name: "default", AppId: "app-default", AppSecret: secret.PlainSecret("secret-default"), Brand: brand.Feishu},
-			{Name: "target", AppId: "app-target", AppSecret: secret.PlainSecret("secret-target"), Brand: brand.Lark},
+		Apps: []core.AppConfig{
+			{Name: "default", AppId: "app-default", AppSecret: core.PlainSecret("secret-default"), Brand: core.BrandFeishu},
+			{Name: "target", AppId: "app-target", AppSecret: core.PlainSecret("secret-target"), Brand: core.BrandLark},
 		},
 	}
-	if err := configpkg.SaveMultiAppConfig(multi); err != nil {
+	if err := core.SaveMultiAppConfig(multi); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("SaveMultiAppConfig() error = %v", err)
 	}
 }
@@ -611,13 +609,13 @@ func TestProfileRemoveRun_ValidationErrors(t *testing.T) {

 	t.Run("cannot remove the only profile", func(t *testing.T) {
 		setupProfileConfigDir(t)
-		multi := &configpkg.MultiAppConfig{
+		multi := &core.MultiAppConfig{
 			CurrentApp: "solo",
-			Apps: []configpkg.AppConfig{
-				{Name: "solo", AppId: "app-solo", AppSecret: secret.PlainSecret("secret-solo"), Brand: brand.Feishu},
+			Apps: []core.AppConfig{
+				{Name: "solo", AppId: "app-solo", AppSecret: core.PlainSecret("secret-solo"), Brand: core.BrandFeishu},
 			},
 		}
-		if err := configpkg.SaveMultiAppConfig(multi); err != nil {
+		if err := core.SaveMultiAppConfig(multi); err != nil {
 			t.Fatalf("SaveMultiAppConfig() error = %v", err)
 		}
 		f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, nil)
--- a/cmd/profile/remove.go
+++ b/cmd/profile/remove.go
@@ -12,9 +12,8 @@ import (
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
 	larkauth "github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/auth"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
-	configpkg "github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/config"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/output"
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/secret"
 )

 // NewCmdProfileRemove creates the profile remove subcommand.
@@ -35,7 +34,7 @@ func NewCmdProfileRemove(f *cmdutil.Factory) *cobra.Command {
 }

 func profileRemoveRun(f *cmdutil.Factory, name string) error {
-	multi, err := configpkg.LoadOrNotConfigured()
+	multi, err := core.LoadOrNotConfigured()
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -67,12 +66,12 @@ func profileRemoveRun(f *cmdutil.Factory, name string) error {
 		multi.PreviousApp = ""
 	}

-	if err := configpkg.SaveMultiAppConfig(multi); err != nil {
+	if err := core.SaveMultiAppConfig(multi); err != nil {
 		return errs.NewInternalError(errs.SubtypeStorage, "failed to save config: %v", err).WithCause(err)
 	}

 	// Best-effort credential cleanup after config commit
-	secret.RemoveSecretStore(appSecret, f.Keychain)
+	core.RemoveSecretStore(appSecret, f.Keychain)
 	for _, user := range users {
 		larkauth.RemoveStoredToken(appId, user.UserOpenId)
 	}
--- a/cmd/profile/rename.go
+++ b/cmd/profile/rename.go
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ import (

 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
-	configpkg "github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/config"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/output"
 )

@@ -30,11 +30,11 @@ func NewCmdProfileRename(f *cmdutil.Factory) *cobra.Command {
 }

 func profileRenameRun(f *cmdutil.Factory, oldName, newName string) error {
-	if err := configpkg.ValidateProfileName(newName); err != nil {
+	if err := core.ValidateProfileName(newName); err != nil {
 		return errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, "%v", err).WithCause(err)
 	}

-	multi, err := configpkg.LoadOrNotConfigured()
+	multi, err := core.LoadOrNotConfigured()
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ func profileRenameRun(f *cmdutil.Factory, oldName, newName string) error {
 		multi.PreviousApp = newName
 	}

-	if err := configpkg.SaveMultiAppConfig(multi); err != nil {
+	if err := core.SaveMultiAppConfig(multi); err != nil {
 		return errs.NewInternalError(errs.SubtypeStorage, "failed to save config: %v", err).WithCause(err)
 	}

--- a/cmd/profile/use.go
+++ b/cmd/profile/use.go
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ import (

 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
-	configpkg "github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/config"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/output"
 )

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ func NewCmdProfileUse(f *cmdutil.Factory) *cobra.Command {
 }

 func profileUseRun(f *cmdutil.Factory, name string) error {
-	multi, err := configpkg.LoadOrNotConfigured()
+	multi, err := core.LoadOrNotConfigured()
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ func profileUseRun(f *cmdutil.Factory, name string) error {
 	}
 	multi.CurrentApp = targetName

-	if err := configpkg.SaveMultiAppConfig(multi); err != nil {
+	if err := core.SaveMultiAppConfig(multi); err != nil {
 		return errs.NewInternalError(errs.SubtypeStorage, "failed to save config: %v", err).WithCause(err)
 	}

--- a/cmd/prune.go
+++ b/cmd/prune.go
@@ -12,11 +12,11 @@ import (
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdpolicy"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/identity"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
 )

 // pruneForStrictMode removes commands incompatible with the active strict mode.
-func pruneForStrictMode(root *cobra.Command, mode identity.StrictMode) {
+func pruneForStrictMode(root *cobra.Command, mode core.StrictMode) {
 	pruneIncompatible(root, mode)
 	pruneEmpty(root)
 }
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ func pruneForStrictMode(root *cobra.Command, mode identity.StrictMode) {
 // identities incompatible with the forced identity. Commands without annotation are kept.
 // Hidden stubs preserve direct execution so users get a strict-mode error instead
 // of Cobra's generic "unknown flag" fallback from the parent command.
-func pruneIncompatible(parent *cobra.Command, mode identity.StrictMode) {
+func pruneIncompatible(parent *cobra.Command, mode core.StrictMode) {
 	forced := string(mode.ForcedIdentity())
 	var toRemove []*cobra.Command
 	var toAdd []*cobra.Command
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ func pruneIncompatible(parent *cobra.Command, mode identity.StrictMode) {
 	}
 }

-func strictModeStubFrom(child *cobra.Command, mode identity.StrictMode) *cobra.Command {
+func strictModeStubFrom(child *cobra.Command, mode core.StrictMode) *cobra.Command {
 	// The denial annotations let the hook layer's populateInvocationDenial
 	// recognise this command as denied, so the Wrap chain is physically
 	// isolated (wrapRunE takes the DeniedByPolicy branch and calls the
--- a/cmd/prune_test.go
+++ b/cmd/prune_test.go
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/extension/platform"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdpolicy"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/identity"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/output"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 )
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ func findCmd(root *cobra.Command, names ...string) *cobra.Command {

 func TestPruneForStrictMode_Bot(t *testing.T) {
 	root := newTestTree()
-	pruneForStrictMode(root, identity.StrictModeBot)
+	pruneForStrictMode(root, core.StrictModeBot)

 	if cmd := findCmd(root, "im", "+search"); cmd == nil || !cmd.Hidden {
 		t.Error("+search (user-only) should be replaced by a hidden stub in bot mode")
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ func TestPruneForStrictMode_Bot(t *testing.T) {

 func TestPruneForStrictMode_User(t *testing.T) {
 	root := newTestTree()
-	pruneForStrictMode(root, identity.StrictModeUser)
+	pruneForStrictMode(root, core.StrictModeUser)

 	if findCmd(root, "im", "+search") == nil {
 		t.Error("+search (user-only) should be kept in user mode")
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ func TestPruneForStrictMode_User(t *testing.T) {

 func TestPruneEmpty(t *testing.T) {
 	root := newTestTree()
-	pruneForStrictMode(root, identity.StrictModeBot)
+	pruneForStrictMode(root, core.StrictModeBot)

 	if cmd := findCmd(root, "im", "messages"); cmd == nil || !cmd.Hidden {
 		t.Error("resource 'messages' should be kept hidden when only hidden stubs remain")
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ func TestPruneForStrictMode_Bot_DirectUserShortcutReturnsStrictMode(t *testing.T
 	root := newTestTree()
 	root.SilenceErrors = true
 	root.SilenceUsage = true
-	pruneForStrictMode(root, identity.StrictModeBot)
+	pruneForStrictMode(root, core.StrictModeBot)
 	root.SetArgs([]string{"im", "+search", "--query", "hello"})

 	err := root.Execute()
@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ func TestPruneForStrictMode_Bot_DirectNestedUserMethodReturnsStrictMode(t *testi
 	root := newTestTree()
 	root.SilenceErrors = true
 	root.SilenceUsage = true
-	pruneForStrictMode(root, identity.StrictModeBot)
+	pruneForStrictMode(root, core.StrictModeBot)
 	root.SetArgs([]string{"im", "messages", "search", "--query", "hello"})

 	err := root.Execute()
@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ func TestPruneForStrictMode_Bot_DirectAuthLoginReturnsStrictMode(t *testing.T) {
 	root := newTestTree()
 	root.SilenceErrors = true
 	root.SilenceUsage = true
-	pruneForStrictMode(root, identity.StrictModeBot)
+	pruneForStrictMode(root, core.StrictModeBot)
 	root.SetArgs([]string{"auth", "login", "--json", "--scope", "im:message.send_as_user"})

 	err := root.Execute()
@@ -192,7 +192,7 @@ func TestPruneForStrictMode_User_DirectBotShortcutReturnsStrictMode(t *testing.T
 	root := newTestTree()
 	root.SilenceErrors = true
 	root.SilenceUsage = true
-	pruneForStrictMode(root, identity.StrictModeUser)
+	pruneForStrictMode(root, core.StrictModeUser)
 	root.SetArgs([]string{"im", "+subscribe", "--topic", "x"})

 	err := root.Execute()
@@ -215,7 +215,7 @@ func TestPruneForStrictMode_User_DirectBotShortcutReturnsStrictMode(t *testing.T
 // stops at the stub and proceeds to its RunE.
 func TestStrictModeStub_BypassesParentPersistentPreRunE(t *testing.T) {
 	root := newTestTree()
-	pruneForStrictMode(root, identity.StrictModeBot)
+	pruneForStrictMode(root, core.StrictModeBot)
 	stub := findCmd(root, "auth", "login")
 	if stub == nil {
 		t.Fatal("auth/login stub should exist after StrictModeBot")
@@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ func TestStrictModeStub_BypassesParentPersistentPreRunE(t *testing.T) {
 // stub's RunE.
 func TestStrictModeStub_BypassesArgsValidator(t *testing.T) {
 	root := newTestTree()
-	pruneForStrictMode(root, identity.StrictModeBot)
+	pruneForStrictMode(root, core.StrictModeBot)
 	stub := findCmd(root, "auth", "login")
 	if stub == nil {
 		t.Fatal("auth/login stub should exist after StrictModeBot")
@@ -256,7 +256,7 @@ func TestStrictModeStub_BypassesArgsValidator(t *testing.T) {
 // still inspect the structured denial taxonomy via errors.As.
 func TestStrictModeStub_StructuredEnvelope(t *testing.T) {
 	root := newTestTree()
-	pruneForStrictMode(root, identity.StrictModeBot)
+	pruneForStrictMode(root, core.StrictModeBot)
 	stub := findCmd(root, "im", "+search")
 	if stub == nil {
 		t.Fatalf("expected im/+search stub")
@@ -318,7 +318,7 @@ func TestStrictModeStub_StructuredEnvelope(t *testing.T) {
 // and silently return nil, swallowing the strict-mode error.
 func TestStrictModeStub_HasDenialAnnotation(t *testing.T) {
 	root := newTestTree()
-	pruneForStrictMode(root, identity.StrictModeBot)
+	pruneForStrictMode(root, core.StrictModeBot)

 	// im/+search is user-only -> replaced by a stub in StrictModeBot.
 	stub := findCmd(root, "im", "+search")
@@ -356,7 +356,7 @@ func TestStrictModeStub_PreservesOriginalMetadata(t *testing.T) {
 	cmdutil.SetRisk(userOnly, "read")
 	svc.AddCommand(userOnly)

-	pruneForStrictMode(root, identity.StrictModeBot)
+	pruneForStrictMode(root, core.StrictModeBot)

 	stub := findCmd(root, "im", "+search")
 	if stub == nil {
--- a/cmd/root.go
+++ b/cmd/root.go
@@ -107,7 +107,6 @@ func Execute() int {
 		ctx, inv,
 		WithIO(os.Stdin, os.Stdout, os.Stderr),
 		HideProfile(isSingleAppMode()),
-		WithStartupBrand(ResolveStartupBrand(inv.Profile)),
 	)

 	// --- Notices (non-blocking) ---
@@ -237,7 +236,7 @@ func configureFlagCompletions(args []string) {
 //     render via the typed envelope writer, which lifts extension fields
 //     (missing_scopes, console_url, challenge_url, ...) to the top level.
 //     Routed by errs.CategoryOf via ExitCodeOf. Auth and config errors are
-//     constructed typed at their origin (internal/auth, internal/config), so the
+//     constructed typed at their origin (internal/auth, internal/core), so the
 //     dispatcher no longer promotes any legacy shape here.
 //  2. PartialFailure / BareError signals: the result envelope is already on
 //     stdout; honor the exit code and write nothing to stderr.
--- a/cmd/root_integration_test.go
+++ b/cmd/root_integration_test.go
@@ -11,20 +11,17 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 	"testing"

-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/brand"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/cmd/api"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/cmd/auth"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/cmd/service"
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/envnames"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/apicatalog"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/build"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
-	configpkg "github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/config"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/envvars"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/httpmock"
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/identity"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/meta"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/output"
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/secret"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/skillscheck"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/update"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/shortcuts"
@@ -158,37 +155,37 @@ func strictModeFixtureCatalog() apicatalog.Catalog {
 	})
 }

-func newStrictModeDefaultFactory(t *testing.T, profile string, mode identity.StrictMode) (*cmdutil.Factory, *bytes.Buffer, *bytes.Buffer) {
+func newStrictModeDefaultFactory(t *testing.T, profile string, mode core.StrictMode) (*cmdutil.Factory, *bytes.Buffer, *bytes.Buffer) {
 	t.Helper()
-	t.Setenv(envnames.CliAppID, "")
-	t.Setenv(envnames.CliAppSecret, "")
-	t.Setenv(envnames.CliUserAccessToken, "")
-	t.Setenv(envnames.CliTenantAccessToken, "")
-	t.Setenv(envnames.CliDefaultAs, "")
+	t.Setenv(envvars.CliAppID, "")
+	t.Setenv(envvars.CliAppSecret, "")
+	t.Setenv(envvars.CliUserAccessToken, "")
+	t.Setenv(envvars.CliTenantAccessToken, "")
+	t.Setenv(envvars.CliDefaultAs, "")

 	dir := t.TempDir()
 	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", dir)

 	targetMode := mode
-	multi := &configpkg.MultiAppConfig{
+	multi := &core.MultiAppConfig{
 		CurrentApp: "default",
-		Apps: []configpkg.AppConfig{
+		Apps: []core.AppConfig{
 			{
 				Name:      "default",
 				AppId:     "app-default",
-				AppSecret: secret.PlainSecret("secret-default"),
-				Brand:     brand.Feishu,
+				AppSecret: core.PlainSecret("secret-default"),
+				Brand:     core.BrandFeishu,
 			},
 			{
 				Name:       "target",
 				AppId:      "app-target",
-				AppSecret:  secret.PlainSecret("secret-target"),
-				Brand:      brand.Feishu,
+				AppSecret:  core.PlainSecret("secret-target"),
+				Brand:      core.BrandFeishu,
 				StrictMode: &targetMode,
 			},
 		},
 	}
-	if err := configpkg.SaveMultiAppConfig(multi); err != nil {
+	if err := core.SaveMultiAppConfig(multi); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("SaveMultiAppConfig() error = %v", err)
 	}

@@ -209,7 +206,7 @@ func resetBuffers(stdout *bytes.Buffer, stderr *bytes.Buffer) {
 // --- service command ---

 func TestIntegration_StrictModeBot_ProfileOverride_HidesCommandsInHelp(t *testing.T) {
-	f, stdout, stderr := newStrictModeDefaultFactory(t, "target", identity.StrictModeBot)
+	f, stdout, stderr := newStrictModeDefaultFactory(t, "target", core.StrictModeBot)
 	rootCmd := buildStrictModeIntegrationRootCmd(t, f)

 	code := executeRootIntegration(t, f, rootCmd, []string{"auth", "--help"})
@@ -241,7 +238,7 @@ func TestIntegration_StrictModeBot_ProfileOverride_HidesCommandsInHelp(t *testin
 }

 func TestIntegration_StrictModeBot_ProfileOverride_DirectAuthLoginReturnsEnvelope(t *testing.T) {
-	f, stdout, stderr := newStrictModeDefaultFactory(t, "target", identity.StrictModeBot)
+	f, stdout, stderr := newStrictModeDefaultFactory(t, "target", core.StrictModeBot)
 	rootCmd := buildStrictModeIntegrationRootCmd(t, f)

 	code := executeRootIntegration(t, f, rootCmd, []string{
@@ -318,7 +315,7 @@ func assertCheckStrictModeEnvelope(t *testing.T, env typedErrorEnvelope, wantMes
 }

 func TestIntegration_StrictModeBot_ProfileOverride_DirectUserShortcutReturnsEnvelope(t *testing.T) {
-	f, stdout, stderr := newStrictModeDefaultFactory(t, "target", identity.StrictModeBot)
+	f, stdout, stderr := newStrictModeDefaultFactory(t, "target", core.StrictModeBot)
 	rootCmd := buildStrictModeIntegrationRootCmd(t, f)

 	code := executeRootIntegration(t, f, rootCmd, []string{
@@ -338,7 +335,7 @@ func TestIntegration_StrictModeBot_ProfileOverride_DirectUserShortcutReturnsEnve
 func TestIntegration_StrictModeUser_ProfileOverride_ChatCreateDryRunSucceeds(t *testing.T) {
 	// +chat-create supports both user and bot identities, so strict mode user
 	// should allow it and force user identity.
-	f, stdout, stderr := newStrictModeDefaultFactory(t, "target", identity.StrictModeUser)
+	f, stdout, stderr := newStrictModeDefaultFactory(t, "target", core.StrictModeUser)
 	rootCmd := buildStrictModeIntegrationRootCmd(t, f)

 	code := executeRootIntegration(t, f, rootCmd, []string{
@@ -355,7 +352,7 @@ func TestIntegration_StrictModeUser_ProfileOverride_ChatCreateDryRunSucceeds(t *
 }

 func TestIntegration_StrictModeUser_ProfileOverride_ShortcutExplicitBotReturnsEnvelope(t *testing.T) {
-	f, stdout, stderr := newStrictModeDefaultFactory(t, "target", identity.StrictModeUser)
+	f, stdout, stderr := newStrictModeDefaultFactory(t, "target", core.StrictModeUser)
 	rootCmd := buildStrictModeIntegrationRootCmd(t, f)

 	code := executeRootIntegration(t, f, rootCmd, []string{
@@ -373,12 +370,11 @@ func TestIntegration_StrictModeUser_ProfileOverride_ShortcutExplicitBotReturnsEn
 }

 func TestIntegration_StrictModeBot_ProfileOverride_ServiceExplicitUserReturnsEnvelope(t *testing.T) {
-	f, stdout, stderr := newStrictModeDefaultFactory(t, "target", identity.StrictModeBot)
-	catalog := strictModeFixtureCatalog()
-	rootCmd := buildStrictModeIntegrationRootCmdWithCatalog(t, f, &catalog)
+	f, stdout, stderr := newStrictModeDefaultFactory(t, "target", core.StrictModeBot)
+	rootCmd := buildStrictModeIntegrationRootCmd(t, f)

 	code := executeRootIntegration(t, f, rootCmd, []string{
-		"fixture", "things", "create", "--data", `{"name":"probe"}`, "--as", "user", "--dry-run",
+		"im", "chats", "get", "--params", `{"chat_id":"oc_test"}`, "--as", "user", "--dry-run",
 	})

 	if code != output.ExitValidation {
@@ -392,7 +388,7 @@ func TestIntegration_StrictModeBot_ProfileOverride_ServiceExplicitUserReturnsEnv
 }

 func TestIntegration_StrictModeUser_ProfileOverride_ServiceBotOnlyMethodReturnsEnvelope(t *testing.T) {
-	f, stdout, stderr := newStrictModeDefaultFactory(t, "target", identity.StrictModeUser)
+	f, stdout, stderr := newStrictModeDefaultFactory(t, "target", core.StrictModeUser)
 	catalog := strictModeFixtureCatalog()
 	rootCmd := buildStrictModeIntegrationRootCmdWithCatalog(t, f, &catalog)

@@ -411,7 +407,7 @@ func TestIntegration_StrictModeUser_ProfileOverride_ServiceBotOnlyMethodReturnsE
 }

 func TestIntegration_StrictModeBot_ProfileOverride_APIExplicitUserReturnsEnvelope(t *testing.T) {
-	f, stdout, stderr := newStrictModeDefaultFactory(t, "target", identity.StrictModeBot)
+	f, stdout, stderr := newStrictModeDefaultFactory(t, "target", core.StrictModeBot)
 	rootCmd := buildStrictModeIntegrationRootCmd(t, f)

 	code := executeRootIntegration(t, f, rootCmd, []string{
@@ -431,8 +427,8 @@ func TestIntegration_StrictModeBot_ProfileOverride_APIExplicitUserReturnsEnvelop
 // --- shortcut command ---

 func TestIntegration_Shortcut_BusinessError_OutputsEnvelope(t *testing.T) {
-	f, stdout, stderr, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &configpkg.CliConfig{
-		AppID: "e2e-sc-err", AppSecret: "secret", Brand: brand.Feishu,
+	f, stdout, stderr, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{
+		AppID: "e2e-sc-err", AppSecret: "secret", Brand: core.BrandFeishu,
 	})
 	reg.Register(&httpmock.Stub{
 		URL:    "/open-apis/im/v1/messages",
--- a/cmd/root_test.go
+++ b/cmd/root_test.go
@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@ import (

 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"

-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/brand"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/cmd/api"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/cmd/auth"
 	cmdconfig "github.com/larksuite/cli/cmd/config"
@@ -21,9 +20,8 @@ import (
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
 	internalauth "github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/auth"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
-	configpkg "github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/config"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/deprecation"
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/identity"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/output"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/registry"
 )
@@ -307,7 +305,7 @@ func TestHandleRootError_DeprecatedAliasMissingFlagStructured(t *testing.T) {
 // TestHandleRootError_AuthConfigWireGolden is the wire-consistency regression
 // baseline for auth/config errors: it pins the typed envelope and exit code the
 // dispatcher produces for the two source-of-truth shapes, which are constructed
-// typed at their origin in internal/auth and internal/configpkg.
+// typed at their origin in internal/auth and internal/core.
 func TestHandleRootError_AuthConfigWireGolden(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", t.TempDir())

@@ -347,7 +345,7 @@ func TestHandleRootError_AuthConfigWireGolden(t *testing.T) {
 		errOut := &bytes.Buffer{}
 		f.IOStreams.ErrOut = errOut

-		exit := handleRootError(f, configpkg.NotConfiguredError())
+		exit := handleRootError(f, core.NotConfiguredError())
 		if exit != int(output.ExitAuth) {
 			t.Errorf("exit = %d, want %d (config shares ExitAuth)", exit, int(output.ExitAuth))
 		}
@@ -514,10 +512,10 @@ func TestHandleRootError_TypedAuthErrorWithLegacyCausePreserved(t *testing.T) {
 func TestApplyNeedAuthorizationHint_ServiceMethodUsesLocalScopesWhenNoUAT(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", t.TempDir())

-	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &configpkg.CliConfig{
-		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: brand.Feishu,
+	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{
+		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: core.BrandFeishu,
 	})
-	f.ResolvedIdentity = identity.AsUser
+	f.ResolvedIdentity = core.AsUser

 	var target registry.CommandEntry
 	for _, entry := range registry.CollectCommandScopes([]string{"calendar"}, "user") {
@@ -562,10 +560,10 @@ func TestApplyNeedAuthorizationHint_ServiceMethodUsesLocalScopesWhenNoUAT(t *tes
 func TestApplyNeedAuthorizationHint_ShortcutUsesDeclaredScopesWhenNoUAT(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", t.TempDir())

-	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &configpkg.CliConfig{
-		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: brand.Feishu,
+	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{
+		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: core.BrandFeishu,
 	})
-	f.ResolvedIdentity = identity.AsUser
+	f.ResolvedIdentity = core.AsUser

 	root := &cobra.Command{Use: "lark-cli"}
 	serviceCmd := &cobra.Command{Use: "docs"}
@@ -587,10 +585,10 @@ func TestApplyNeedAuthorizationHint_ShortcutUsesDeclaredScopesWhenNoUAT(t *testi
 func TestApplyNeedAuthorizationHint_ShortcutIncludesConditionalScopes(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", t.TempDir())

-	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &configpkg.CliConfig{
-		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: brand.Feishu,
+	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{
+		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: core.BrandFeishu,
 	})
-	f.ResolvedIdentity = identity.AsUser
+	f.ResolvedIdentity = core.AsUser

 	root := &cobra.Command{Use: "lark-cli"}
 	serviceCmd := &cobra.Command{Use: "drive"}
@@ -613,10 +611,10 @@ func TestApplyNeedAuthorizationHint_ShortcutIncludesConditionalScopes(t *testing
 func TestApplyNeedAuthorizationHint_AppendsExistingHint(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", t.TempDir())

-	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &configpkg.CliConfig{
-		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: brand.Feishu,
+	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{
+		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: core.BrandFeishu,
 	})
-	f.ResolvedIdentity = identity.AsUser
+	f.ResolvedIdentity = core.AsUser

 	root := &cobra.Command{Use: "lark-cli"}
 	serviceCmd := &cobra.Command{Use: "docs"}
--- a/cmd/root_upgrade.go
+++ b/cmd/root_upgrade.go
@@ -65,17 +65,7 @@ func offerRootUpgrade(f *cmdutil.Factory, cmd *cobra.Command) {
 	if info == nil {
 		return
 	}
-	// Deliberately no target version here: info.Latest comes from the on-disk
-	// cache, which has no expiry (the 24h TTL only throttles refreshes, and a
-	// failed refresh leaves the old value in place), so it can name a version
-	// that is no longer the one npm would install. The version actually
-	// installed is resolved live by the update subcommand, which prints
-	// "Updating lark-cli <cur> -> <latest> via <pm> ..." before installing —
-	// that is where the user sees the real target. Keep going through the
-	// update subcommand rather than calling RunNpmInstall directly, otherwise
-	// that line disappears and the user approves a global install without ever
-	// being told what gets installed.
-	fmt.Fprintf(ios.ErrOut, "A newer lark-cli is available (current %s). Upgrade now? [y/N]: ", info.Current)
+	fmt.Fprintf(ios.ErrOut, "lark-cli %s available (current %s). Upgrade now? [y/N]: ", info.Latest, info.Current)
 	if !readYes(ios.In) {
 		return
 	}
--- a/cmd/root_upgrade_test.go
+++ b/cmd/root_upgrade_test.go
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ import (

 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/build"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/workspace"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 )

@@ -68,9 +68,9 @@ func TestOfferRootUpgrade(t *testing.T) {
 	// workspace detection; pin the process-global workspace to Local so
 	// statePath() resolves under LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR rather than a stale
 	// subdir inherited from a prior test in the package.
-	origWS := workspace.CurrentWorkspace()
-	t.Cleanup(func() { workspace.SetCurrentWorkspace(origWS) })
-	workspace.SetCurrentWorkspace(workspace.WorkspaceLocal)
+	origWS := core.CurrentWorkspace()
+	t.Cleanup(func() { core.SetCurrentWorkspace(origWS) })
+	core.SetCurrentWorkspace(core.WorkspaceLocal)

 	cases := []struct {
 		name                string
@@ -128,17 +128,6 @@ func TestOfferRootUpgrade(t *testing.T) {
 			if gotPrompt != tc.wantPrompt {
 				t.Errorf("prompt: got %v want %v (stderr=%q)", gotPrompt, tc.wantPrompt, errBuf.String())
 			}
-			// The prompt must not name a target version: info.Latest comes from
-			// the on-disk cache and can be stale, while the version actually
-			// installed is resolved live by the update subcommand.
-			if tc.wantPrompt {
-				if strings.Contains(errBuf.String(), tc.latest) {
-					t.Errorf("prompt must not name the cached target version %q (stderr=%q)", tc.latest, errBuf.String())
-				}
-				if !strings.Contains(errBuf.String(), build.Version) {
-					t.Errorf("prompt must name the current version %q (stderr=%q)", build.Version, errBuf.String())
-				}
-			}
 			if called != tc.wantRun {
 				t.Errorf("runRootUpgrade called: got %v want %v", called, tc.wantRun)
 			}
--- a/cmd/schema/schema.go
+++ b/cmd/schema/schema.go
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/apicatalog"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/identity"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/output"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/registry"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/schema"
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ func schemaRun(opts *SchemaOptions) error {
 // schema owns rendering (Envelope/Envelopes); this adapter only chooses the
 // output shape — a single resolved method renders as one envelope object,
 // anything broader as an array — and maps resolve failures to hints.
-func runSchema(out io.Writer, parts []string, mode identity.StrictMode) error {
+func runSchema(out io.Writer, parts []string, mode core.StrictMode) error {
 	catalog := registry.SchemaCatalog()
 	if len(catalog.Services()) == 0 {
 		// No embedded metadata and the runtime fallback is empty too: offline
--- a/cmd/schema/schema_test.go
+++ b/cmd/schema/schema_test.go
@@ -9,10 +9,9 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 	"testing"

-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/brand"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
-	configpkg "github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/config"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
 )

 func TestSchemaCmd_FlagParsing(t *testing.T) {
@@ -199,8 +198,8 @@ func TestSchemaCmd_NoYesForReadRisk(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestSchemaCmd_UnknownService(t *testing.T) {
-	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &configpkg.CliConfig{
-		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: brand.Feishu,
+	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{
+		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: core.BrandFeishu,
 	})

 	cmd := NewCmdSchema(f, nil)
@@ -228,8 +227,8 @@ func TestSchemaCmd_UnknownService(t *testing.T) {
 // JSON-mode unknown-method path: *errs.ValidationError with
 // subtype invalid_argument and a hint listing the available methods.
 func TestSchemaCmd_UnknownMethod_TypedValidation(t *testing.T) {
-	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &configpkg.CliConfig{
-		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: brand.Feishu,
+	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{
+		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: core.BrandFeishu,
 	})

 	cmd := NewCmdSchema(f, nil)
--- a/cmd/service/service.go
+++ b/cmd/service/service.go
@@ -16,10 +16,9 @@ import (
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/client"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdmeta"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
-	configpkg "github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/config"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/credential"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/errclass"
-	identitypkg "github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/identity"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/meta"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/output"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/registry"
@@ -135,7 +134,7 @@ type ServiceMethodOptions struct {
 	// Flags
 	Params     string
 	Data       string
-	As         identitypkg.Identity
+	As         core.Identity
 	Output     string
 	PageAll    bool
 	PageLimit  int
@@ -268,7 +267,7 @@ func buildMethodCommand(ctx context.Context, f *cmdutil.Factory, spec methodComm
 		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 			opts.Cmd = cmd
 			opts.Ctx = cmd.Context()
-			opts.As = identitypkg.Identity(asStr)
+			opts.As = core.Identity(asStr)
 			if runF != nil {
 				return runF(opts)
 			}
@@ -371,7 +370,7 @@ func serviceMethodRun(opts *ServiceMethodOptions) error {
 		return err
 	}

-	// Check if this API method supports the resolved identitypkg.
+	// Check if this API method supports the resolved identity.
 	if opts.Method.RestrictsIdentity() {
 		if err := f.CheckIdentity(opts.As, opts.Method.Identities()); err != nil {
 			return err
@@ -404,9 +403,9 @@ func serviceMethodRun(opts *ServiceMethodOptions) error {

 	if opts.DryRun {
 		if fileMeta != nil {
-			return cmdutil.PrintDryRunWithFile(request, config, serviceDryRunOutputOptions(f, opts), *fileMeta)
+			return cmdutil.PrintDryRunWithFile(f.IOStreams.Out, request, config, opts.Format, fileMeta.FieldName, fileMeta.FilePath, fileMeta.FormFields)
 		}
-		return serviceDryRun(f, request, config, opts)
+		return serviceDryRun(f, request, config, opts.Format)
 	}

 	if opts.Method.Risk == cmdutil.RiskHighRiskWrite {
@@ -454,7 +453,7 @@ func serviceMethodRun(opts *ServiceMethodOptions) error {
 }

 // checkServiceScopes pre-checks user scopes before making the API call.
-func checkServiceScopes(ctx context.Context, cred *credential.CredentialProvider, identity identitypkg.Identity, config *configpkg.CliConfig, method meta.Method) error {
+func checkServiceScopes(ctx context.Context, cred *credential.CredentialProvider, identity core.Identity, config *core.CliConfig, method meta.Method) error {
 	if ctx.Err() != nil {
 		return ctx.Err()
 	}
@@ -668,22 +667,11 @@ func buildServiceRequest(opts *ServiceMethodOptions) (client.RawApiRequest, *cmd
 	return request, nil, nil
 }

-func serviceDryRun(f *cmdutil.Factory, request client.RawApiRequest, config *configpkg.CliConfig, opts *ServiceMethodOptions) error {
-	return cmdutil.PrintDryRun(request, config, serviceDryRunOutputOptions(f, opts))
+func serviceDryRun(f *cmdutil.Factory, request client.RawApiRequest, config *core.CliConfig, format string) error {
+	return cmdutil.PrintDryRun(f.IOStreams.Out, request, config, format)
 }

-func serviceDryRunOutputOptions(f *cmdutil.Factory, opts *ServiceMethodOptions) cmdutil.DryRunOutputOptions {
-	return cmdutil.DryRunOutputOptions{
-		Format:      opts.Format,
-		JqExpr:      opts.JqExpr,
-		CommandPath: opts.Cmd.CommandPath(),
-		Identity:    opts.As,
-		Out:         f.IOStreams.Out,
-		ErrOut:      f.IOStreams.ErrOut,
-	}
-}
-
-func servicePaginate(ctx context.Context, ac *client.APIClient, request client.RawApiRequest, format output.Format, jqExpr string, out, errOut io.Writer, commandPath string, pagOpts client.PaginationOptions, checkErr func(interface{}, identitypkg.Identity) error) error {
+func servicePaginate(ctx context.Context, ac *client.APIClient, request client.RawApiRequest, format output.Format, jqExpr string, out, errOut io.Writer, commandPath string, pagOpts client.PaginationOptions, checkErr func(interface{}, core.Identity) error) error {
 	if pagOpts.Identity == "" {
 		pagOpts.Identity = request.As
 	}
@@ -708,18 +696,20 @@ func servicePaginate(ctx context.Context, ac *client.APIClient, request client.R

 	switch format {
 	case output.FormatNDJSON, output.FormatTable, output.FormatCSV:
-		emitter := output.NewEmitter(output.EmitterConfig{
-			Out:            out,
-			ErrOut:         errOut,
-			CommandPath:    commandPath,
-			Identity:       string(pagOpts.Identity),
-			NoticeProvider: output.GetNotice,
-		})
+		pf := output.NewPaginatedFormatter(out, format)
 		result, hasItems, err := ac.StreamPages(ctx, request, func(items []interface{}) error {
 			// Streaming formats intentionally emit each page after that page has
 			// passed safety scanning. A later page may still fail, so callers
 			// must use the exit code to distinguish complete vs partial output.
-			return emitter.StreamPage(items, output.StreamOptions{Format: format.String()})
+			scanResult := output.ScanForSafety(commandPath, items, errOut)
+			if scanResult.Blocked {
+				return scanResult.BlockErr
+			}
+			if scanResult.Alert != nil {
+				output.WriteAlertWarning(errOut, scanResult.Alert)
+			}
+			pf.FormatPage(items)
+			return nil
 		}, pagOpts)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
--- a/cmd/service/service_paginate_test.go
+++ b/cmd/service/service_paginate_test.go
@@ -1,402 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
-
-package service
-
-import (
-	"bytes"
-	"context"
-	"encoding/json"
-	"errors"
-	"fmt"
-	"io"
-	"net/http"
-	"testing"
-
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/brand"
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/client"
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
-	configpkg "github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/config"
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/httpmock"
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/identity"
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/output"
-)
-
-type serviceFailOnWriteWriter struct {
-	buf    bytes.Buffer
-	writes int
-	failAt int
-	err    error
-}
-
-func (w *serviceFailOnWriteWriter) Write(p []byte) (int, error) {
-	w.writes++
-	if w.writes == w.failAt {
-		return 0, w.err
-	}
-	return w.buf.Write(p)
-}
-
-func newServicePaginateTestHarness(t *testing.T) (*client.APIClient, *bytes.Buffer, *bytes.Buffer, *httpmock.Registry) {
-	t.Helper()
-	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", t.TempDir())
-	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONTENT_SAFETY_MODE", "off")
-	previousNotice := output.PendingNotice
-	output.PendingNotice = nil
-	t.Cleanup(func() { output.PendingNotice = previousNotice })
-
-	config := &configpkg.CliConfig{
-		AppID:     "test-app",
-		AppSecret: "test-secret",
-		Brand:     brand.Feishu,
-	}
-	f, out, errOut, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, config)
-	ac, err := f.NewAPIClientWithConfig(config)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("NewAPIClientWithConfig() error = %v", err)
-	}
-	ac.ErrOut = io.Discard
-	return ac, out, errOut, reg
-}
-
-func servicePaginateRequest() client.RawApiRequest {
-	return client.RawApiRequest{
-		Method: "GET",
-		URL:    "/open-apis/test/v1/items",
-		As:     identity.AsBot,
-	}
-}
-
-func assertServicePaginateJSONBytes(t *testing.T, got []byte, want interface{}) {
-	t.Helper()
-	wantBytes, err := json.MarshalIndent(want, "", "  ")
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("marshal expected JSON: %v", err)
-	}
-	wantBytes = append(wantBytes, '\n')
-	if !bytes.Equal(got, wantBytes) {
-		t.Fatalf("stdout bytes mismatch\ngot:\n%s\nwant:\n%s", got, wantBytes)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestServicePaginate_DefaultAggregatesAllPages(t *testing.T) {
-	ac, out, errOut, reg := newServicePaginateTestHarness(t)
-	calls := 0
-	wantTokens := []string{"", "next-1", "next-2"}
-	for i, wantToken := range wantTokens {
-		page := i + 1
-		hasMore := page < len(wantTokens)
-		data := map[string]interface{}{
-			"items":    []interface{}{map[string]interface{}{"id": string(rune('0' + page))}},
-			"has_more": hasMore,
-		}
-		if hasMore {
-			data["page_token"] = wantTokens[page]
-		}
-		reg.Register(&httpmock.Stub{
-			URL: "/open-apis/test/v1/items",
-			OnMatch: func(req *http.Request) {
-				calls++
-				if got := req.URL.Query().Get("page_token"); got != wantToken {
-					t.Errorf("request %d page_token = %q, want %q", page, got, wantToken)
-				}
-			},
-			Body: map[string]interface{}{
-				"code": 0,
-				"msg":  "ok",
-				"data": data,
-			},
-		})
-	}
-
-	err := servicePaginate(context.Background(), ac, servicePaginateRequest(),
-		output.FormatJSON, "", out, errOut, "lark-cli test items list", client.PaginationOptions{
-			PageLimit: 10,
-			PageDelay: -1,
-		}, ac.CheckResponse)
-
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("servicePaginate() error = %v, want nil", err)
-	}
-	if calls != 3 {
-		t.Fatalf("pagination requests = %d, want 3", calls)
-	}
-	assertServicePaginateJSONBytes(t, out.Bytes(), output.Envelope{
-		OK:       true,
-		Identity: "bot",
-		Data: map[string]interface{}{
-			"items": []interface{}{
-				map[string]interface{}{"id": "1"},
-				map[string]interface{}{"id": "2"},
-				map[string]interface{}{"id": "3"},
-			},
-			"has_more": false,
-		},
-	})
-	if got := errOut.String(); got != "" {
-		t.Fatalf("stderr bytes = %q, want empty", got)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestServicePaginate_StreamingFormatsEmitExactMultiPageBytes(t *testing.T) {
-	tests := []struct {
-		name   string
-		format output.Format
-		want   string
-	}{
-		{
-			name:   "ndjson",
-			format: output.FormatNDJSON,
-			want:   "{\"id\":\"1\",\"name\":\"Alice\"}\n{\"id\":\"2\",\"name\":\"Carol\",\"page_only\":\"ignored\"}\n",
-		},
-		{
-			name:   "table",
-			format: output.FormatTable,
-			want:   "id  name \n──  ─────\n1   Alice\n2   Carol\n",
-		},
-		{
-			name:   "csv",
-			format: output.FormatCSV,
-			want:   "id,name\n1,Alice\n2,Carol\n",
-		},
-	}
-
-	for _, tt := range tests {
-		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			ac, out, errOut, reg := newServicePaginateTestHarness(t)
-			reg.Register(&httpmock.Stub{
-				URL: "/open-apis/test/v1/items",
-				Body: map[string]interface{}{
-					"code": 0,
-					"msg":  "ok",
-					"data": map[string]interface{}{
-						"items": []interface{}{
-							map[string]interface{}{"id": "1", "name": "Alice"},
-						},
-						"has_more":   true,
-						"page_token": "next-1",
-					},
-				},
-			})
-			reg.Register(&httpmock.Stub{
-				URL: "/open-apis/test/v1/items",
-				Body: map[string]interface{}{
-					"code": 0,
-					"msg":  "ok",
-					"data": map[string]interface{}{
-						"items": []interface{}{
-							map[string]interface{}{"id": "2", "name": "Carol", "page_only": "ignored"},
-						},
-						"has_more": false,
-					},
-				},
-			})
-
-			err := servicePaginate(context.Background(), ac, servicePaginateRequest(),
-				tt.format, "", out, errOut, "lark-cli test items list", client.PaginationOptions{
-					PageLimit: 10,
-					PageDelay: -1,
-				}, ac.CheckResponse)
-
-			if err != nil {
-				t.Fatalf("servicePaginate() error = %v, want nil", err)
-			}
-			if got := out.String(); got != tt.want {
-				t.Fatalf("stdout byte mismatch\ngot (%d bytes):\n%q\nwant (%d bytes):\n%q", len(got), got, len(tt.want), tt.want)
-			}
-			if got := errOut.String(); got != "" {
-				t.Fatalf("stderr bytes = %q, want empty", got)
-			}
-		})
-	}
-}
-
-func TestServicePaginate_StreamingWriteFailureStopsFurtherPages(t *testing.T) {
-	ac, _, errOut, reg := newServicePaginateTestHarness(t)
-	sentinel := errors.New("page write failed")
-	out := &serviceFailOnWriteWriter{failAt: 2, err: sentinel}
-	calls := 0
-	for page := 1; page <= 2; page++ {
-		hasMore := true
-		data := map[string]interface{}{
-			"items":    []interface{}{map[string]interface{}{"id": page}},
-			"has_more": hasMore,
-		}
-		if hasMore {
-			data["page_token"] = fmt.Sprintf("next-%d", page)
-		}
-		reg.Register(&httpmock.Stub{
-			URL: "/open-apis/test/v1/items",
-			OnMatch: func(*http.Request) {
-				calls++
-			},
-			Body: map[string]interface{}{
-				"code": 0,
-				"msg":  "ok",
-				"data": data,
-			},
-		})
-	}
-
-	err := servicePaginate(context.Background(), ac, servicePaginateRequest(),
-		output.FormatNDJSON, "", out, errOut, "lark-cli test items list",
-		client.PaginationOptions{PageLimit: 10, PageDelay: -1}, ac.CheckResponse)
-
-	if !errors.Is(err, sentinel) {
-		t.Fatalf("servicePaginate() error = %v, want preserved writer cause", err)
-	}
-	problem, ok := errs.ProblemOf(err)
-	if !ok || problem.Category != errs.CategoryInternal {
-		t.Fatalf("servicePaginate() problem = %#v, %v; want internal typed error", problem, ok)
-	}
-	if calls != 2 {
-		t.Fatalf("pagination requests = %d, want 2", calls)
-	}
-	if got, want := out.buf.String(), "{\"id\":1}\n"; got != want {
-		t.Fatalf("stdout bytes = %q, want %q", got, want)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestServicePaginate_StreamingFormatFallsBackToJSONWithoutList(t *testing.T) {
-	ac, out, errOut, reg := newServicePaginateTestHarness(t)
-	reg.Register(&httpmock.Stub{
-		URL: "/open-apis/test/v1/items",
-		Body: map[string]interface{}{
-			"code": 0,
-			"msg":  "ok",
-			"data": map[string]interface{}{
-				"name":    "Test User",
-				"user_id": "u123",
-			},
-		},
-	})
-
-	err := servicePaginate(context.Background(), ac, servicePaginateRequest(),
-		output.FormatNDJSON, "", out, errOut, "lark-cli test items get",
-		client.PaginationOptions{PageDelay: -1}, ac.CheckResponse)
-
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("servicePaginate() error = %v, want nil", err)
-	}
-	assertServicePaginateJSONBytes(t, out.Bytes(), output.Envelope{
-		OK:       true,
-		Identity: "bot",
-		Data: map[string]interface{}{
-			"name":    "Test User",
-			"user_id": "u123",
-		},
-	})
-	wantWarning := "warning: this API does not return a list, format \"ndjson\" is not supported, falling back to json\n"
-	if got := errOut.String(); got != wantWarning {
-		t.Fatalf("stderr bytes = %q, want %q", got, wantWarning)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestServicePaginate_BusinessErrorsWriteRawAndRemainUnmarked(t *testing.T) {
-	businessResponse := map[string]interface{}{
-		"code": 123456,
-		"msg":  "fixture business error",
-		"data": map[string]interface{}{"detail": "business failed"},
-	}
-	tests := []struct {
-		name   string
-		format output.Format
-		jqExpr string
-	}{
-		{name: "jq", format: output.FormatJSON, jqExpr: ".data.items"},
-		{name: "default_json", format: output.FormatJSON},
-	}
-
-	for _, tt := range tests {
-		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			ac, out, errOut, reg := newServicePaginateTestHarness(t)
-			reg.Register(&httpmock.Stub{
-				URL:  "/open-apis/test/v1/items",
-				Body: businessResponse,
-			})
-
-			err := servicePaginate(context.Background(), ac, servicePaginateRequest(),
-				tt.format, tt.jqExpr, out, errOut, "lark-cli test items list",
-				client.PaginationOptions{PageDelay: -1}, ac.CheckResponse)
-
-			if err == nil {
-				t.Fatal("servicePaginate() error = nil, want business error")
-			}
-			if errs.IsRaw(err) {
-				t.Fatalf("errs.IsRaw(error) = true, want current servicePaginate pass-through behavior")
-			}
-			assertServicePaginateJSONBytes(t, out.Bytes(), businessResponse)
-			if bytes.Contains(out.Bytes(), []byte(`"ok": true`)) {
-				t.Fatalf("business-error stdout contains a success envelope:\n%s", out.Bytes())
-			}
-			if got := errOut.String(); got != "" {
-				t.Fatalf("stderr bytes = %q, want empty", got)
-			}
-		})
-	}
-}
-
-func TestServicePaginate_TransportErrorsRemainUnmarked(t *testing.T) {
-	tests := []struct {
-		name   string
-		format output.Format
-		jqExpr string
-	}{
-		{name: "jq_paginate_all", format: output.FormatJSON, jqExpr: ".data.items"},
-		{name: "stream_pages", format: output.FormatNDJSON},
-		{name: "default_paginate_all", format: output.FormatJSON},
-	}
-
-	for _, tt := range tests {
-		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			ac, out, errOut, _ := newServicePaginateTestHarness(t)
-
-			err := servicePaginate(context.Background(), ac, servicePaginateRequest(),
-				tt.format, tt.jqExpr, out, errOut, "lark-cli test items list",
-				client.PaginationOptions{PageDelay: -1}, ac.CheckResponse)
-
-			if err == nil {
-				t.Fatal("servicePaginate() error = nil, want transport error")
-			}
-			if errs.IsRaw(err) {
-				t.Fatalf("errs.IsRaw(error) = true, want current servicePaginate pass-through behavior")
-			}
-			if got := out.String(); got != "" {
-				t.Fatalf("stdout bytes = %q, want empty", got)
-			}
-			if got := errOut.String(); got != "" {
-				t.Fatalf("stderr bytes = %q, want empty", got)
-			}
-		})
-	}
-}
-
-func TestServicePaginate_StreamBusinessErrorRemainsUnmarked(t *testing.T) {
-	ac, out, errOut, reg := newServicePaginateTestHarness(t)
-	reg.Register(&httpmock.Stub{
-		URL: "/open-apis/test/v1/items",
-		Body: map[string]interface{}{
-			"code": 123456,
-			"msg":  "fixture business error",
-			"data": map[string]interface{}{},
-		},
-	})
-
-	err := servicePaginate(context.Background(), ac, servicePaginateRequest(),
-		output.FormatNDJSON, "", out, errOut, "lark-cli test items list",
-		client.PaginationOptions{PageDelay: -1}, ac.CheckResponse)
-
-	if err == nil {
-		t.Fatal("servicePaginate() error = nil, want business error")
-	}
-	if errs.IsRaw(err) {
-		t.Fatalf("errs.IsRaw(error) = true, want current servicePaginate pass-through behavior")
-	}
-	if got := out.String(); got != "" {
-		t.Fatalf("stdout bytes = %q, want empty", got)
-	}
-	if got := errOut.String(); got != "" {
-		t.Fatalf("stderr bytes = %q, want empty", got)
-	}
-}
--- a/cmd/service/service_test.go
+++ b/cmd/service/service_test.go
@@ -15,21 +15,19 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 	"testing"

-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/brand"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
 	extcs "github.com/larksuite/cli/extension/contentsafety"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
-	configpkg "github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/config"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/httpmock"
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/identity"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/meta"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 )

 // ── helpers ──

-var testConfig = &configpkg.CliConfig{
-	AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: brand.Feishu,
+var testConfig = &core.CliConfig{
+	AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: core.BrandFeishu,
 }

 func driveSpec() meta.Service {
@@ -133,8 +131,8 @@ func TestRegisterService_MergesExistingCommand(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestNewCmdServiceMethod_StrictModeHidesAsFlag(t *testing.T) {
-	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &configpkg.CliConfig{
-		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: brand.Feishu, SupportedIdentities: 2,
+	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{
+		AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: core.BrandFeishu, SupportedIdentities: 2,
 	})

 	cmd := NewCmdServiceMethod(f, driveSpec(), driveMethod("GET", nil), "copy", "files", nil)
@@ -195,7 +193,7 @@ func TestNewCmdServiceMethod_RunFCallback(t *testing.T) {
 	if captured == nil {
 		t.Fatal("runF was not called")
 	}
-	if captured.As != identity.AsBot {
+	if captured.As != core.AsBot {
 		t.Errorf("expected As=bot, got %s", captured.As)
 	}
 	if captured.SchemaPath != "drive.files.list" {
@@ -226,39 +224,13 @@ func TestServiceMethod_DryRun_PathParam(t *testing.T) {
 			if err := cmd.Execute(); err != nil {
 				t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
 			}
-			var got map[string]interface{}
-			if err := json.Unmarshal(stdout.Bytes(), &got); err != nil {
-				t.Fatalf("dry-run stdout is not JSON: %v\n%s", err, stdout.String())
-			}
-			if got["ok"] != true || got["dry_run"] != true {
-				t.Fatalf("unexpected dry-run envelope: %#v", got)
-			}
-			data := got["data"].(map[string]interface{})
-			api := data["api"].([]interface{})
-			call := api[0].(map[string]interface{})
-			if call["url"] != tt.wantInURL {
-				t.Errorf("url = %q, want %q\nstdout:\n%s", call["url"], tt.wantInURL, stdout.String())
+			if !strings.Contains(stdout.String(), tt.wantInURL) {
+				t.Errorf("expected URL containing %q, got:\n%s", tt.wantInURL, stdout.String())
 			}
 		})
 	}
 }

-func TestServiceMethod_DryRunWithJq(t *testing.T) {
-	f, stdout, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, testConfig)
-	cmd := NewCmdServiceMethod(f, driveSpec(), driveMethod("GET", nil), "get", "files", nil)
-	cmd.SetArgs([]string{
-		"--params", `{"file_token":"boxcn123abc"}`,
-		"--dry-run",
-		"--jq", ".data.api[0].url",
-	})
-	if err := cmd.Execute(); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
-	}
-	if got, want := strings.TrimSpace(stdout.String()), "/open-apis/drive/v1/files/boxcn123abc/copy"; got != want {
-		t.Fatalf("jq output = %q, want %q", got, want)
-	}
-}
-
 func TestServiceMethod_PathParamRejectsTraversal(t *testing.T) {
 	tests := []struct {
 		name      string
@@ -346,12 +318,8 @@ func TestServiceMethod_PaginationParamSkippedWithPageAll(t *testing.T) {
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("expected no error with --page-all skipping page_size, got: %v", err)
 	}
-	var got map[string]interface{}
-	if err := json.Unmarshal(stdout.Bytes(), &got); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("dry-run stdout is not JSON: %v\n%s", err, stdout.String())
-	}
-	if got["dry_run"] != true {
-		t.Fatalf("dry_run = %#v, want true", got["dry_run"])
+	if !strings.Contains(stdout.String(), "Dry Run") {
+		t.Error("expected dry-run output")
 	}
 }

@@ -465,8 +433,8 @@ func TestServiceMethod_BotMode_Success(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestServiceMethod_BotMode_PageAll_JSON(t *testing.T) {
-	f, stdout, _, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &configpkg.CliConfig{
-		AppID: "test-app-page", AppSecret: "test-secret-page", Brand: brand.Feishu,
+	f, stdout, _, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{
+		AppID: "test-app-page", AppSecret: "test-secret-page", Brand: core.BrandFeishu,
 	})

 	reg.Register(&httpmock.Stub{
@@ -533,8 +501,8 @@ func TestServiceMethod_PageAll_DefaultJSONRunsContentSafety(t *testing.T) {
 	extcs.Register(provider)
 	t.Cleanup(func() { extcs.Register(nil) })

-	f, stdout, _, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &configpkg.CliConfig{
-		AppID: "test-app-service-safety", AppSecret: "test-secret-service-safety", Brand: brand.Feishu,
+	f, stdout, _, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{
+		AppID: "test-app-service-safety", AppSecret: "test-secret-service-safety", Brand: core.BrandFeishu,
 	})

 	reg.Register(&httpmock.Stub{
@@ -587,8 +555,8 @@ func TestServiceMethod_PageAll_StreamFormatRunsContentSafety(t *testing.T) {
 	extcs.Register(provider)
 	t.Cleanup(func() { extcs.Register(nil) })

-	f, stdout, stderr, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &configpkg.CliConfig{
-		AppID: "test-app-service-stream-safety", AppSecret: "test-secret-service-stream-safety", Brand: brand.Feishu,
+	f, stdout, stderr, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{
+		AppID: "test-app-service-stream-safety", AppSecret: "test-secret-service-stream-safety", Brand: core.BrandFeishu,
 	})

 	reg.Register(&httpmock.Stub{
@@ -635,8 +603,8 @@ func TestServiceMethod_PageAll_StreamFormatBlockSkipsBlockedPage(t *testing.T) {
 	extcs.Register(provider)
 	t.Cleanup(func() { extcs.Register(nil) })

-	f, stdout, _, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &configpkg.CliConfig{
-		AppID: "test-app-service-stream-block", AppSecret: "test-secret-service-stream-block", Brand: brand.Feishu,
+	f, stdout, _, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{
+		AppID: "test-app-service-stream-block", AppSecret: "test-secret-service-stream-block", Brand: core.BrandFeishu,
 	})

 	reg.Register(&httpmock.Stub{
@@ -691,8 +659,8 @@ func TestServiceMethod_PageAll_StreamFormatBlockSkipsBlockedPage(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestServiceMethod_BusinessErrorReturnsTypedErrorWithoutSuccessEnvelope(t *testing.T) {
-	f, stdout, _, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &configpkg.CliConfig{
-		AppID: "test-app-service-err", AppSecret: "test-secret-service-err", Brand: brand.Feishu,
+	f, stdout, _, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{
+		AppID: "test-app-service-err", AppSecret: "test-secret-service-err", Brand: core.BrandFeishu,
 	})

 	reg.Register(&httpmock.Stub{
@@ -722,8 +690,8 @@ func TestServiceMethod_BusinessErrorReturnsTypedErrorWithoutSuccessEnvelope(t *t
 }

 func TestServiceMethod_PageAll_DefaultBusinessErrorOutputsRawResponse(t *testing.T) {
-	f, stdout, _, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &configpkg.CliConfig{
-		AppID: "test-app-service-pageall-err", AppSecret: "test-secret-service-pageall-err", Brand: brand.Feishu,
+	f, stdout, _, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{
+		AppID: "test-app-service-pageall-err", AppSecret: "test-secret-service-pageall-err", Brand: core.BrandFeishu,
 	})

 	reg.Register(&httpmock.Stub{
@@ -752,8 +720,8 @@ func TestServiceMethod_PageAll_DefaultBusinessErrorOutputsRawResponse(t *testing
 }

 func TestServiceMethod_PageAll_StreamBusinessErrorDoesNotDumpJSON(t *testing.T) {
-	f, stdout, _, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &configpkg.CliConfig{
-		AppID: "test-app-service-pageall-stream-err", AppSecret: "test-secret-service-pageall-stream-err", Brand: brand.Feishu,
+	f, stdout, _, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{
+		AppID: "test-app-service-pageall-stream-err", AppSecret: "test-secret-service-pageall-stream-err", Brand: core.BrandFeishu,
 	})

 	reg.Register(&httpmock.Stub{
@@ -798,8 +766,8 @@ func TestServiceMethod_PageAll_StreamBusinessErrorDoesNotDumpJSON(t *testing.T)
 }

 func TestServiceMethod_UnknownFormat_Warning(t *testing.T) {
-	f, _, stderr, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &configpkg.CliConfig{
-		AppID: "test-app-fmt", AppSecret: "test-secret-fmt", Brand: brand.Feishu,
+	f, _, stderr, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{
+		AppID: "test-app-fmt", AppSecret: "test-secret-fmt", Brand: core.BrandFeishu,
 	})

 	reg.Register(&httpmock.Stub{
@@ -882,8 +850,8 @@ func TestServiceMethod_JqAndOutputConflict(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestServiceMethod_JqFilter_AppliesExpression(t *testing.T) {
-	f, stdout, _, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &configpkg.CliConfig{
-		AppID: "test-app-jq", AppSecret: "test-secret-jq", Brand: brand.Feishu,
+	f, stdout, _, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{
+		AppID: "test-app-jq", AppSecret: "test-secret-jq", Brand: core.BrandFeishu,
 	})

 	reg.Register(&httpmock.Stub{
@@ -953,8 +921,8 @@ func TestServiceMethod_JqInvalidExpression(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestServiceMethod_PageAll_WithJq(t *testing.T) {
-	f, stdout, _, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &configpkg.CliConfig{
-		AppID: "test-app-spjq", AppSecret: "test-secret-spjq", Brand: brand.Feishu,
+	f, stdout, _, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{
+		AppID: "test-app-spjq", AppSecret: "test-secret-spjq", Brand: core.BrandFeishu,
 	})

 	reg.Register(&httpmock.Stub{
@@ -986,8 +954,8 @@ func TestServiceMethod_PageAll_WithJq(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestServiceMethod_PageAll_WithJqBusinessErrorOutputsRawResponse(t *testing.T) {
-	f, stdout, _, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &configpkg.CliConfig{
-		AppID: "test-app-spjq-err", AppSecret: "test-secret-spjq-err", Brand: brand.Feishu,
+	f, stdout, _, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{
+		AppID: "test-app-spjq-err", AppSecret: "test-secret-spjq-err", Brand: core.BrandFeishu,
 	})

 	reg.Register(&httpmock.Stub{
@@ -1113,23 +1081,11 @@ func TestServiceMethod_FileUpload_DryRun(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
 	}
 	out := stdout.String()
-	var env map[string]interface{}
-	if err := json.Unmarshal(stdout.Bytes(), &env); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("dry-run stdout is not JSON: %v\n%s", err, out)
+	if !strings.Contains(out, "image") {
+		t.Errorf("expected dry-run output to mention file field, got: %s", out)
 	}
-	if env["dry_run"] != true {
-		t.Fatalf("dry_run = %#v, want true", env["dry_run"])
-	}
-	data := env["data"].(map[string]interface{})
-	api := data["api"].([]interface{})
-	call := api[0].(map[string]interface{})
-	body := call["body"].(map[string]interface{})
-	file := body["file"].(map[string]interface{})
-	if file["field"] != "image" || file["path"] != tmpFile {
-		t.Fatalf("unexpected file dry-run body: %#v", body)
-	}
-	if strings.Contains(out, "=== Dry Run ===") {
-		t.Fatalf("stdout should not contain dry-run banner: %s", out)
+	if !strings.Contains(out, "Dry Run") {
+		t.Errorf("expected dry-run header, got: %s", out)
 	}
 }

--- a/cmd/service/testmain_test.go
+++ b/cmd/service/testmain_test.go
@@ -1,39 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
-
-package service
-
-import (
-	"os"
-	"testing"
-
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/registry/registrytest"
-)
-
-// TestMain isolates service command tests from the host machine: config (and
-// the registry cache under it) is redirected to a temp dir, then the registry
-// is seeded from the tracked fixture and initialized eagerly. Tests pass on a
-// clean checkout with no network, no `make fetch_meta`, and no user cache.
-//
-// Note: os.Exit skips deferred functions, so cleanup runs explicitly after
-// m.Run before exiting.
-func TestMain(m *testing.M) {
-	root, err := os.MkdirTemp("", "lark-cli-cmd-service-test-*")
-	if err != nil {
-		println("cmd/service test setup: MkdirTemp failed:", err.Error())
-		os.Exit(2)
-	}
-	if err := os.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", root); err != nil {
-		println("cmd/service test setup: Setenv failed:", err.Error())
-		os.RemoveAll(root)
-		os.Exit(2)
-	}
-	if err := registrytest.Seed(root); err != nil {
-		println("cmd/service test setup: registrytest.Seed failed:", err.Error())
-		os.RemoveAll(root)
-		os.Exit(2)
-	}
-	code := m.Run()
-	os.RemoveAll(root)
-	os.Exit(code)
-}
--- a/cmd/startup_brand.go
+++ b/cmd/startup_brand.go
@@ -1,29 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
-
-package cmd
-
-import (
-	"os"
-
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/brand"
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/envnames"
-	configpkg "github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/config"
-)
-
-// ResolveStartupBrand resolves the brand before the command tree is built, so
-// the registry's remote metadata overlay uses the configured brand from the
-// first catalog access. It mirrors the credential chain's brand precedence —
-// environment, then the active profile's raw config entry — without touching
-// the keychain (no secrets are needed to know the brand).
-func ResolveStartupBrand(profile string) brand.Brand {
-	if raw := os.Getenv(envnames.CliBrand); raw != "" {
-		return brand.ParseBrand(raw)
-	}
-	if cfg, err := configpkg.LoadMultiAppConfig(); err == nil {
-		if app := cfg.CurrentAppConfig(profile); app != nil {
-			return brand.ParseBrand(string(app.Brand))
-		}
-	}
-	return brand.Feishu
-}
--- a/cmd/startup_brand_test.go
+++ b/cmd/startup_brand_test.go
@@ -1,143 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
-
-package cmd
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"flag"
-	"fmt"
-	"os"
-	"os/exec"
-	"path/filepath"
-	"strings"
-	"testing"
-
-	"github.com/google/uuid"
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/brand"
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/registry"
-)
-
-const startupBrandHelperEnv = "GO_TEST_STARTUP_BRAND_HELPER"
-
-var _ = flag.String("startup-brand-helper", "", "internal startup brand test helper nonce")
-
-func isStartupBrandHelper() bool {
-	return startupBrandHelperEnabled(os.Getenv(startupBrandHelperEnv), startupBrandHelperNonce(os.Args))
-}
-
-func startupBrandHelperEnabled(envNonce, argNonce string) bool {
-	return envNonce != "" && envNonce == argNonce
-}
-
-func startupBrandHelperNonce(args []string) string {
-	const prefix = "-startup-brand-helper="
-	for _, arg := range args {
-		if strings.HasPrefix(arg, prefix) {
-			return strings.TrimPrefix(arg, prefix)
-		}
-	}
-	return ""
-}
-
-func TestResolveStartupBrand_Precedence(t *testing.T) {
-	tmp := t.TempDir()
-	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", tmp)
-	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_BRAND", "")
-	os.Unsetenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_BRAND")
-
-	// No config at all → default brand.
-	if got := ResolveStartupBrand(""); got != brand.Feishu {
-		t.Errorf("empty state brand = %q, want feishu", got)
-	}
-
-	// Raw config supplies the active profile's brand — no keychain involved.
-	raw := `{"currentApp":"feishu-app","apps":[` +
-		`{"name":"feishu-app","appId":"cli_f","appSecret":"test-secret","brand":"feishu","users":[]},` +
-		`{"name":"lark-prof","appId":"cli_l","appSecret":"test-secret","brand":"LARK","users":[]}]}`
-	if err := os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(tmp, "config.json"), []byte(raw), 0600); err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-	if got := ResolveStartupBrand(""); got != brand.Feishu {
-		t.Errorf("default profile brand = %q, want feishu", got)
-	}
-	if got := ResolveStartupBrand("lark-prof"); got != brand.Lark {
-		t.Errorf("lark profile brand = %q, want lark (normalized)", got)
-	}
-
-	// Environment wins over the config file.
-	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_BRAND", "lark")
-	if got := ResolveStartupBrand(""); got != brand.Lark {
-		t.Errorf("env brand = %q, want lark", got)
-	}
-}
-
-// TestStartupBrandReachesRegistry_RealStartupOrder proves the fix for the
-// production startup sequence: building the command tree locks the registry's
-// sync.Once, so the brand must be injected before the first catalog access.
-// It runs in a subprocess because the registry is process-global.
-func TestStartupBrandReachesRegistry_RealStartupOrder(t *testing.T) {
-	if isStartupBrandHelper() {
-		// Helper: replicate Execute()'s build wiring with a lark config.
-		buildInternal(
-			context.Background(), cmdutil.InvocationContext{},
-			WithIO(strings.NewReader(""), os.Stdout, os.Stderr),
-			WithStartupBrand(ResolveStartupBrand("")),
-		)
-		fmt.Printf("CONFIGURED_BRAND=%s\n", registry.ConfiguredBrand())
-		os.Exit(0)
-	}
-
-	tmp := t.TempDir()
-	raw := `{"apps":[{"appId":"cli_l","appSecret":"test-secret","brand":"lark","users":[]}]}`
-	if err := os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(tmp, "config.json"), []byte(raw), 0600); err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-
-	nonce := uuid.NewString()
-	t.Setenv(startupBrandHelperEnv, nonce)
-	cmd := exec.Command(os.Args[0], "-test.run", "TestStartupBrandReachesRegistry_RealStartupOrder")
-	cmd.Args = append(cmd.Args, "-startup-brand-helper="+nonce)
-	cmd.Env = append(os.Environ(),
-		"LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR="+tmp,
-		"LARKSUITE_CLI_REMOTE_META=off", // no network during the subprocess build
-	)
-	out, err := cmd.CombinedOutput()
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("subprocess failed: %v\n%s", err, out)
-	}
-	if !strings.Contains(string(out), "CONFIGURED_BRAND=lark") {
-		t.Errorf("registry brand after real startup order = %s, want lark", out)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestStartupBrandHelperRequiresMatchingCommandNonce(t *testing.T) {
-	for _, tt := range []struct {
-		name     string
-		envNonce string
-		argNonce string
-		want     bool
-	}{
-		{name: "neither set"},
-		{name: "ambient environment only", envNonce: "ambient"},
-		{name: "command argument only", argNonce: "command"},
-		{name: "mismatch", envNonce: "ambient", argNonce: "command"},
-		{name: "matching", envNonce: "nonce", argNonce: "nonce", want: true},
-	} {
-		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			if got := startupBrandHelperEnabled(tt.envNonce, tt.argNonce); got != tt.want {
-				t.Fatalf("startupBrandHelperEnabled() = %v, want %v", got, tt.want)
-			}
-		})
-	}
-}
-
-func TestStartupBrandHelperNonce(t *testing.T) {
-	if got := startupBrandHelperNonce([]string{"test", "-test.run", "brand"}); got != "" {
-		t.Fatalf("startupBrandHelperNonce() = %q, want empty", got)
-	}
-	if got := startupBrandHelperNonce([]string{"test", "-startup-brand-helper=nonce"}); got != "nonce" {
-		t.Fatalf("startupBrandHelperNonce() = %q, want nonce", got)
-	}
-}
--- a/cmd/testmain_test.go
+++ b/cmd/testmain_test.go
@@ -1,46 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
-
-package cmd
-
-import (
-	"os"
-	"testing"
-
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/registry/registrytest"
-)
-
-// TestMain isolates command-tree tests from the host machine: config (and the
-// registry cache under it) is redirected to a temp dir, then the registry is
-// seeded from the tracked fixture and initialized eagerly. Tests pass on a
-// clean checkout with no network, no `make fetch_meta`, and no user cache.
-//
-// Note: os.Exit skips deferred functions, so cleanup runs explicitly after
-// m.Run before exiting.
-func TestMain(m *testing.M) {
-	if isStartupBrandHelper() {
-		// Re-exec helper subprocess (startup_brand_test.go): the parent test
-		// already provides an isolated config dir and disables remote metadata,
-		// and the helper must own the first registry Init to prove the startup
-		// order — do not seed or eagerly initialize here.
-		os.Exit(m.Run())
-	}
-	root, err := os.MkdirTemp("", "lark-cli-cmd-test-*")
-	if err != nil {
-		println("cmd test setup: MkdirTemp failed:", err.Error())
-		os.Exit(2)
-	}
-	if err := os.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", root); err != nil {
-		println("cmd test setup: Setenv failed:", err.Error())
-		os.RemoveAll(root)
-		os.Exit(2)
-	}
-	if err := registrytest.Seed(root); err != nil {
-		println("cmd test setup: registrytest.Seed failed:", err.Error())
-		os.RemoveAll(root)
-		os.Exit(2)
-	}
-	code := m.Run()
-	os.RemoveAll(root)
-	os.Exit(code)
-}
--- a/cmd/update/testmain_test.go
+++ b/cmd/update/testmain_test.go
@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
-
-package cmdupdate
-
-import (
-	"os"
-	"path/filepath"
-	"testing"
-)
-
-func TestMain(m *testing.M) {
-	root, err := os.MkdirTemp("", "lark-cli-update-test-*")
-	if err != nil {
-		panic(err)
-	}
-	if err := os.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", filepath.Join(root, "config")); err != nil {
-		panic(err)
-	}
-	code := m.Run()
-	_ = os.RemoveAll(root)
-	os.Exit(code)
-}
--- a/cmd/update/update.go
+++ b/cmd/update/update.go
@@ -5,17 +5,14 @@ package cmdupdate

 import (
 	"fmt"
-	stdio "io"
 	"runtime"
 	"strings"

 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"

-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/brand"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/build"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
-	configpkg "github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/config"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/output"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/selfupdate"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/skillscheck"
@@ -128,15 +125,13 @@ func updateRun(opts *UpdateOptions) error {
 	io := opts.Factory.IOStreams
 	cur := currentVersion()
 	updater := newUpdater()
-	// Brand only steers skills sync. updateRun skips that resolution in --check,
-	// where the Updater's zero-value brand retains the Feishu default.
+
 	if !opts.Check {
-		updater.Brand = resolveSkillsBrand(opts.Factory, io.ErrOut)
 		updater.CleanupStaleFiles()
 	}
 	output.PendingNotice = nil

-	// 1. Fetch latest version.
+	// 1. Fetch latest version
 	latest, err := fetchLatest()
 	if err != nil {
 		return reportError(opts, io, "network",
@@ -158,7 +153,7 @@ func updateRun(opts *UpdateOptions) error {
 		return reportAlreadyUpToDate(opts, io, cur, latest, skillsResult, opts.Check)
 	}

-	// 4. Detect installation method.
+	// 4. Detect installation method
 	detect := updater.DetectInstallMethod()

 	// 5. --check
@@ -173,22 +168,6 @@ func updateRun(opts *UpdateOptions) error {
 	return doAutoUpdate(opts, io, cur, latest, detect, updater)
 }

-// resolveSkillsBrand returns the skills-source brand: resolved config first,
-// then the active profile's raw config entry (the brand is not a secret; a
-// locked keychain must not flip the source), then the default with a notice.
-func resolveSkillsBrand(f *cmdutil.Factory, errOut stdio.Writer) brand.Brand {
-	if cfg, err := f.Config(); err == nil && cfg != nil {
-		return brand.ParseBrand(string(cfg.Brand))
-	}
-	if raw, err := configpkg.LoadMultiAppConfig(); err == nil {
-		if app := raw.CurrentAppConfig(f.Invocation.Profile); app != nil {
-			return brand.ParseBrand(string(app.Brand))
-		}
-	}
-	fmt.Fprintf(errOut, "note: could not resolve the configured brand; syncing skills from the default source\n")
-	return brand.Feishu
-}
-
 // --- Output helpers ---

 // reportError emits the failure on the requested surface: JSON mode prints the
--- a/cmd/update/update_test.go
+++ b/cmd/update/update_test.go
@@ -9,42 +9,33 @@ import (
 	"encoding/json"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
-	"os"
 	"os/exec"
-	"path/filepath"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
 	"time"

-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/brand"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
-	configpkg "github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/config"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/output"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/selfupdate"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/skillscheck"
 )

-const runLiveSkillsTestsEnv = "LARKSUITE_CLI_RUN_LIVE_SKILLS_TESTS"
-
 // newTestFactory creates a test factory with minimal config.
 func newTestFactory(t *testing.T) (*cmdutil.Factory, *bytes.Buffer, *bytes.Buffer) {
 	t.Helper()
-	f, stdout, stderr, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &configpkg.CliConfig{})
+	f, stdout, stderr, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{})
 	return f, stdout, stderr
 }

-// mockDetect sets up newUpdater to return an Updater with the given DetectResult
-// and fully mocked skills operations. Tests that only care about install-method
-// detection must never fall through to the real npx skills CLI.
+// mockDetect sets up newUpdater to return an Updater with the given DetectResult.
 func mockDetect(t *testing.T, result selfupdate.DetectResult) {
 	t.Helper()
 	origNew := newUpdater
 	newUpdater = func() *selfupdate.Updater {
 		u := selfupdate.New()
 		u.DetectOverride = func() selfupdate.DetectResult { return result }
-		u.SkillsIndexFetchOverride = successfulSkillsIndexFetch()
-		u.SkillsCommandOverride = successfulSkillsCommand()
 		return u
 	}
 	t.Cleanup(func() { newUpdater = origNew })
@@ -111,18 +102,6 @@ func successfulSkillsCommand() func(args ...string) *selfupdate.NpmResult {
 	}
 }

-func mockSkillsSync(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Helper()
-	origNew := newUpdater
-	newUpdater = func() *selfupdate.Updater {
-		u := selfupdate.New()
-		u.SkillsIndexFetchOverride = successfulSkillsIndexFetch()
-		u.SkillsCommandOverride = successfulSkillsCommand()
-		return u
-	}
-	t.Cleanup(func() { newUpdater = origNew })
-}
-
 func TestUpdatePnpm_JSON(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", t.TempDir())
 	f, stdout, _ := newTestFactory(t)
@@ -247,9 +226,6 @@ func TestNormalizeVersion(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestUpdateAlreadyUpToDate_JSON(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", t.TempDir())
-	mockSkillsSync(t)
-
 	f, stdout, _ := newTestFactory(t)

 	cmd := NewCmdUpdate(f)
@@ -278,9 +254,6 @@ func TestUpdateAlreadyUpToDate_JSON(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestUpdateAlreadyUpToDate_Human(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", t.TempDir())
-	mockSkillsSync(t)
-
 	f, _, stderr := newTestFactory(t)

 	cmd := NewCmdUpdate(f)
@@ -306,7 +279,6 @@ func TestUpdateAlreadyUpToDate_Human(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestUpdateManual_JSON(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", t.TempDir())
 	f, stdout, _ := newTestFactory(t)
 	cmd := NewCmdUpdate(f)
 	cmd.SetArgs([]string{"--json"})
@@ -338,7 +310,6 @@ func TestUpdateManual_JSON(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestUpdateManual_Human(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", t.TempDir())
 	f, _, stderr := newTestFactory(t)
 	cmd := NewCmdUpdate(f)
 	cmd.SetArgs([]string{})
@@ -1188,7 +1159,6 @@ func TestRunSkillsAndState_DedupForceBypass(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 	called := false
 	updater := &selfupdate.Updater{
-		SkillsIndexFetchOverride: successfulSkillsIndexFetch(),
 		SkillsCommandOverride: func(args ...string) *selfupdate.NpmResult {
 			called = true
 			return successfulSkillsCommand()(args...)
@@ -1205,10 +1175,7 @@ func TestRunSkillsAndState_DedupForceBypass(t *testing.T) {

 func TestRunSkillsAndState_SuccessWritesState(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", t.TempDir())
-	updater := &selfupdate.Updater{
-		SkillsIndexFetchOverride: successfulSkillsIndexFetch(),
-		SkillsCommandOverride:    successfulSkillsCommand(),
-	}
+	updater := &selfupdate.Updater{SkillsCommandOverride: successfulSkillsCommand()}
 	got := runSkillsAndState(updater, newTestIO(), "1.0.21", false)
 	if got == nil || got.Err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("runSkillsAndState() = %+v, want non-nil with nil Err", got)
@@ -1228,7 +1195,6 @@ func TestRunSkillsAndState_FailureKeepsOldState(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
 	updater := &selfupdate.Updater{
-		SkillsIndexFetchOverride: successfulSkillsIndexFetch(),
 		SkillsCommandOverride: func(args ...string) *selfupdate.NpmResult {
 			r := &selfupdate.NpmResult{}
 			r.Err = fmt.Errorf("npx failed")
@@ -1545,133 +1511,28 @@ func TestEmitSkillsTextHints_Success(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }

-// liveSkillsIsolationEnv is the single source of truth for the user-state
-// directories a live skills test must redirect under the temporary home. It
-// covers the CLI's own config, the agent homes the skills CLI installs into,
-// the XDG dirs it derives paths from (XDG_STATE_HOME holds its global
-// .skill-lock.json), and the npm/npx overrides that take precedence over
-// HOME-derived defaults (both cases: npm reads npm_config_* case-insensitively).
-func liveSkillsIsolationEnv(home string) map[string]string {
-	return map[string]string{
-		"HOME":                     home,
-		"USERPROFILE":              home,
-		"APPDATA":                  filepath.Join(home, "AppData", "Roaming"),
-		"LOCALAPPDATA":             filepath.Join(home, "AppData", "Local"),
-		"XDG_CONFIG_HOME":          filepath.Join(home, ".config"),
-		"XDG_DATA_HOME":            filepath.Join(home, ".local", "share"),
-		"XDG_STATE_HOME":           filepath.Join(home, ".local", "state"),
-		"CODEX_HOME":               filepath.Join(home, ".codex"),
-		"CLAUDE_CONFIG_DIR":        filepath.Join(home, ".claude"),
-		"LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR": filepath.Join(home, ".lark-cli"),
-		"npm_config_cache":         filepath.Join(home, ".npm-cache"),
-		"NPM_CONFIG_CACHE":         filepath.Join(home, ".npm-cache"),
-		"npm_config_prefix":        filepath.Join(home, ".npm-global"),
-		"NPM_CONFIG_PREFIX":        filepath.Join(home, ".npm-global"),
-		"npm_config_userconfig":    filepath.Join(home, ".npmrc"),
-		"NPM_CONFIG_USERCONFIG":    filepath.Join(home, ".npmrc"),
-	}
-}
-
-func prepareLiveSkillsIntegration(t *testing.T) string {
-	t.Helper()
-	if os.Getenv(runLiveSkillsTestsEnv) != "1" {
-		t.Skipf("live skills integration test disabled; set %s=1 to run", runLiveSkillsTestsEnv)
-	}
-
-	home := t.TempDir()
-	for key, value := range liveSkillsIsolationEnv(home) {
-		t.Setenv(key, value)
-	}
-	return home
-}
-
-func TestPrepareLiveSkillsIntegration(t *testing.T) {
-	reachedAfterGate := false
-	t.Run("requires explicit opt-in", func(t *testing.T) {
-		t.Setenv(runLiveSkillsTestsEnv, "")
-		prepareLiveSkillsIntegration(t)
-		reachedAfterGate = true
-	})
-	if reachedAfterGate {
-		t.Fatal("prepareLiveSkillsIntegration continued without explicit opt-in")
-	}
-
-	t.Run("isolates user directories", func(t *testing.T) {
-		t.Setenv(runLiveSkillsTestsEnv, "1")
-		home := prepareLiveSkillsIntegration(t)
-		// Pin the isolation contract by key: removing a variable from
-		// liveSkillsIsolationEnv must fail this list, and every redirected
-		// value must live under the temporary home.
-		required := []string{
-			"HOME", "USERPROFILE", "APPDATA", "LOCALAPPDATA",
-			"XDG_CONFIG_HOME", "XDG_DATA_HOME", "XDG_STATE_HOME",
-			"CODEX_HOME", "CLAUDE_CONFIG_DIR", "LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR",
-			"npm_config_cache", "NPM_CONFIG_CACHE",
-			"npm_config_prefix", "NPM_CONFIG_PREFIX",
-			"npm_config_userconfig", "NPM_CONFIG_USERCONFIG",
-		}
-		env := liveSkillsIsolationEnv(home)
-		for _, key := range required {
-			expected, ok := env[key]
-			if !ok {
-				t.Errorf("liveSkillsIsolationEnv dropped required key %s", key)
-				continue
-			}
-			if !strings.HasPrefix(expected, home) {
-				t.Errorf("%s = %q escapes temporary home %q", key, expected, home)
-			}
-			if got := os.Getenv(key); got != expected {
-				t.Errorf("%s = %q, want %q", key, got, expected)
-			}
-		}
-	})
-}
-
-// seedLiveSkillsGlobal verifies the real npx skills CLI is reachable, installs
-// lark-calendar into the isolated global skills dir, and returns the parsed
-// global skills list. The caller opted in explicitly, so every missing
-// precondition is a hard failure — skipping would report "nothing verified"
-// as a green run.
-func seedLiveSkillsGlobal(t *testing.T) []string {
-	t.Helper()
+// TestUpdateCommand_RealSkillsSyncRewritesState is a live integration test that
+// verifies "lark-cli update" correctly triggers skills sync and rewrites the
+// state file. It calls the real npx skills CLI, so the test is skipped when
+// npx or the skills registry is unavailable (e.g. no network or fork PRs).
+func TestUpdateCommand_RealSkillsSyncRewritesState(t *testing.T) {
+	// Phase 1: Verify the real npx skills CLI is available; skip otherwise.
 	if _, err := exec.LookPath("npx"); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("live skills tests opted in but npx not found in PATH: %v", err)
+		t.Skipf("npx not found in PATH: %v", err)
 	}
-	// Three sequential npx runs against a cold cache (the isolated home starts
-	// empty) can be slow; with Fatal-on-timeout semantics the budget errs on
-	// the generous side.
-	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 180*time.Second)
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 45*time.Second)
 	defer cancel()
 	if err := exec.CommandContext(ctx, "npx", "-y", "skills", "add", "https://open.feishu.cn", "--list").Run(); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("live skills tests opted in but real skills CLI unavailable: %v", err)
-	}
-	if err := exec.CommandContext(ctx, "npx", "-y", "skills", "add", "https://open.feishu.cn", "-s", "lark-calendar", "-g", "-y").Run(); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("failed to seed isolated global skills: %v", err)
+		t.Skipf("real skills CLI unavailable: %v", err)
 	}
 	globalOut, err := exec.CommandContext(ctx, "npx", "-y", "skills", "ls", "-g").Output()
 	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("real global skills CLI unavailable: %v", err)
+		t.Skipf("real global skills CLI unavailable: %v", err)
 	}
 	localSkills := skillscheck.ParseSkillsList(string(globalOut))
-	if len(localSkills) == 0 {
-		t.Fatal("seeded lark-calendar but global skills list is empty")
-	}
 	if err := ctx.Err(); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("real skills CLI availability check timed out: %v", err)
+		t.Skipf("real skills CLI availability check timed out: %v", err)
 	}
-	return localSkills
-}
-
-// TestUpdateCommand_RealSkillsSyncRewritesState is a live integration test that
-// verifies "lark-cli update" correctly triggers skills sync and rewrites the
-// state file. It calls the real npx skills CLI and only runs with explicit
-// opt-in. All user directories are redirected to a temporary home.
-func TestUpdateCommand_RealSkillsSyncRewritesState(t *testing.T) {
-	prepareLiveSkillsIntegration(t)
-
-	// Phase 1: Verify the real npx skills CLI is available and seed the
-	// isolated global skills install.
-	localSkills := seedLiveSkillsGlobal(t)

 	// Phase 2: Seed a previous sync state simulating an upgrade from v1.0.19.
 	// lark-doc and lark-mail are recorded as skipped/deleted, meaning the user
@@ -1767,17 +1628,26 @@ func TestUpdateCommand_RealSkillsSyncRewritesState(t *testing.T) {
 // not exist (cold start), the update command installs all official skills and
 // writes a fresh state file. No skill should appear in SkippedDeletedSkills
 // because there is no previous state to preserve user deletions from.
-// This is a live integration test that calls the real npx skills CLI and only
-// runs with explicit opt-in. All user directories are redirected to a temporary
-// home.
+// This is a live integration test that calls the real npx skills CLI; it is
+// skipped when npx or the skills registry is unavailable.
 func TestUpdateCommand_SkillsSyncColdStart(t *testing.T) {
-	prepareLiveSkillsIntegration(t)
-
-	// Phase 1: Verify the real npx skills CLI is available and seed one known
-	// official skill into the isolated global install. Cold start means no
-	// skills-state.json — locally installed skills may still exist, and seeding
-	// one keeps the Phase 4 per-skill assertions from running zero times.
-	localSkills := seedLiveSkillsGlobal(t)
+	// Phase 1: Verify the real npx skills CLI is available; skip otherwise.
+	if _, err := exec.LookPath("npx"); err != nil {
+		t.Skipf("npx not found in PATH: %v", err)
+	}
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 45*time.Second)
+	defer cancel()
+	if err := exec.CommandContext(ctx, "npx", "-y", "skills", "add", "https://open.feishu.cn", "--list").Run(); err != nil {
+		t.Skipf("real skills CLI unavailable: %v", err)
+	}
+	globalOut, err := exec.CommandContext(ctx, "npx", "-y", "skills", "ls", "-g").Output()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Skipf("real global skills CLI unavailable: %v", err)
+	}
+	localSkills := skillscheck.ParseSkillsList(string(globalOut))
+	if err := ctx.Err(); err != nil {
+		t.Skipf("real skills CLI availability check timed out: %v", err)
+	}

 	// Phase 2: Use an isolated config dir with no pre-existing skills-state.json.
 	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", t.TempDir())
@@ -1861,64 +1731,3 @@ func containsString(values []string, target string) bool {
 	}
 	return false
 }
-
-func TestResolveSkillsBrand_LayeredFallback(t *testing.T) {
-	// Layer 1: resolved config wins.
-	var errBuf bytes.Buffer
-	f := &cmdutil.Factory{Config: func() (*configpkg.CliConfig, error) {
-		return &configpkg.CliConfig{Brand: brand.Brand(" LARK ")}, nil
-	}}
-	if got := resolveSkillsBrand(f, &errBuf); got != brand.Lark {
-		t.Errorf("resolved-config brand = %q, want lark", got)
-	}
-
-	// Layer 2: credential resolution fails, raw config file still supplies the
-	// brand (a locked keychain must not flip a Lark profile to Feishu).
-	tmp := t.TempDir()
-	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", tmp)
-	raw := `{"apps":[{"appId":"cli_x","appSecret":"test-secret","brand":"lark","users":[]}]}`
-	if err := os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(tmp, "config.json"), []byte(raw), 0600); err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-	f = &cmdutil.Factory{Config: func() (*configpkg.CliConfig, error) { return nil, errors.New("keychain locked") }}
-	errBuf.Reset()
-	if got := resolveSkillsBrand(f, &errBuf); got != brand.Lark {
-		t.Errorf("raw-config brand = %q, want lark", got)
-	}
-	if errBuf.Len() != 0 {
-		t.Errorf("unexpected notice when raw config supplied the brand: %q", errBuf.String())
-	}
-
-	// Layer 3: nothing readable → default brand with a notice.
-	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", t.TempDir())
-	errBuf.Reset()
-	if got := resolveSkillsBrand(f, &errBuf); got != brand.Feishu {
-		t.Errorf("fallback brand = %q, want feishu", got)
-	}
-	if !strings.Contains(errBuf.String(), "could not resolve the configured brand") {
-		t.Errorf("expected fallback notice, got %q", errBuf.String())
-	}
-}
-
-// The raw-config fallback must read the active profile, not the default one.
-func TestResolveSkillsBrand_RespectsActiveProfile(t *testing.T) {
-	tmp := t.TempDir()
-	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", tmp)
-	raw := `{"currentApp":"feishu-app","apps":[` +
-		`{"name":"feishu-app","appId":"cli_f","appSecret":"test-secret","brand":"feishu","users":[]},` +
-		`{"name":"lark-prof","appId":"cli_l","appSecret":"test-secret","brand":"lark","users":[]}]}`
-	if err := os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(tmp, "config.json"), []byte(raw), 0600); err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-	f := &cmdutil.Factory{
-		Invocation: cmdutil.InvocationContext{Profile: "lark-prof"},
-		Config:     func() (*configpkg.CliConfig, error) { return nil, errors.New("keychain locked") },
-	}
-	var errBuf bytes.Buffer
-	if got := resolveSkillsBrand(f, &errBuf); got != brand.Lark {
-		t.Errorf("brand = %q, want lark (the active profile's brand)", got)
-	}
-	if errBuf.Len() != 0 {
-		t.Errorf("unexpected notice: %q", errBuf.String())
-	}
-}
--- a/cmd/whoami/whoami.go
+++ b/cmd/whoami/whoami.go
@@ -8,10 +8,8 @@ import (

 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"

-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/brand"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
-	configpkg "github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/config"
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/identity"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/identitydiag"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/output"
 )
@@ -27,7 +25,7 @@ import (
 type whoamiResult struct {
 	Profile        string         `json:"profile"`
 	AppID          string         `json:"appId"`
-	Brand          brand.Brand    `json:"brand"`
+	Brand          core.LarkBrand `json:"brand"`
 	DefaultAs      string         `json:"defaultAs"`
 	Identity       string         `json:"identity"`
 	IdentitySource string         `json:"identitySource"`
@@ -82,7 +80,7 @@ func whoamiRun(cmd *cobra.Command, opts *Options) error {
 		return err
 	}
 	ctx := cmd.Context()
-	flagAs := identity.Identity(opts.As)
+	flagAs := core.Identity(opts.As)
 	as := f.ResolveAs(ctx, cmd, flagAs)
 	// Validate as a real API call does (strict mode, then identity) so whoami
 	// can't preview an identity the next call would refuse.
@@ -109,8 +107,8 @@ func whoamiRun(cmd *cobra.Command, opts *Options) error {
 // auto-detected result means auto-detect; otherwise a strict-mode forced
 // identity means strict-mode; otherwise it came from configured default-as.
 // Values are snake_case to match the other enum fields (e.g. tokenStatus).
-func resolveSource(changedAs bool, flagAs identity.Identity, autoDetected bool, strictForced identity.Identity) string {
-	if changedAs && (flagAs == identity.AsUser || flagAs == identity.AsBot) {
+func resolveSource(changedAs bool, flagAs core.Identity, autoDetected bool, strictForced core.Identity) string {
+	if changedAs && (flagAs == core.AsUser || flagAs == core.AsBot) {
 		return "flag"
 	}
 	if autoDetected {
@@ -124,10 +122,10 @@ func resolveSource(changedAs bool, flagAs identity.Identity, autoDetected bool,

 // buildResult maps the resolved identity and local diagnostics into the output.
 // ResolveAs only ever returns user or bot, so the default branch handles user.
-func buildResult(cfg *configpkg.CliConfig, as identity.Identity, source string, diag identitydiag.Result) *whoamiResult {
+func buildResult(cfg *core.CliConfig, as core.Identity, source string, diag identitydiag.Result) *whoamiResult {
 	defaultAs := cfg.DefaultAs
 	if defaultAs == "" {
-		defaultAs = identity.AsAuto
+		defaultAs = core.AsAuto
 	}
 	res := &whoamiResult{
 		Profile:        cfg.ProfileName,
@@ -140,7 +138,7 @@ func buildResult(cfg *configpkg.CliConfig, as identity.Identity, source string,
 	// Use the diagnosed hint as-is: it is tailored to the credential source, so
 	// it never says "auth login" when that is blocked under an external provider.
 	switch as {
-	case identity.AsBot:
+	case core.AsBot:
 		res.Available = diag.Bot.Available
 		res.TokenStatus = diag.Bot.Status
 		if !diag.Bot.Available {
--- a/cmd/whoami/whoami_test.go
+++ b/cmd/whoami/whoami_test.go
@@ -13,13 +13,11 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 	"testing"

-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/brand"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
 	extcred "github.com/larksuite/cli/extension/credential"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
-	configpkg "github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/config"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/credential"
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/identity"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/identitydiag"
 )

@@ -27,16 +25,16 @@ func TestResolveSource(t *testing.T) {
 	tests := []struct {
 		name         string
 		changedAs    bool
-		flagAs       identity.Identity
+		flagAs       core.Identity
 		autoDetected bool
-		strictForced identity.Identity
+		strictForced core.Identity
 		want         string
 	}{
-		{"explicit flag user", true, identity.AsUser, false, "", "flag"},
-		{"explicit flag bot", true, identity.AsBot, false, "", "flag"},
-		{"flag auto falls through to auto-detect", true, identity.AsAuto, true, "", "auto_detect"},
+		{"explicit flag user", true, core.AsUser, false, "", "flag"},
+		{"explicit flag bot", true, core.AsBot, false, "", "flag"},
+		{"flag auto falls through to auto-detect", true, core.AsAuto, true, "", "auto_detect"},
 		{"auto detected", false, "", true, "", "auto_detect"},
-		{"strict mode", false, "", false, identity.AsBot, "strict_mode"},
+		{"strict mode", false, "", false, core.AsBot, "strict_mode"},
 		{"default_as", false, "", false, "", "default_as"},
 	}
 	for _, tt := range tests {
@@ -50,11 +48,11 @@ func TestResolveSource(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestBuildResult_UserValid(t *testing.T) {
-	cfg := &configpkg.CliConfig{ProfileName: "my-app", AppID: "cli_x", Brand: brand.Lark, DefaultAs: identity.AsAuto}
+	cfg := &core.CliConfig{ProfileName: "my-app", AppID: "cli_x", Brand: core.BrandLark, DefaultAs: core.AsAuto}
 	diag := identitydiag.Result{
 		User: identitydiag.Identity{Available: true, Status: "ready", TokenStatus: "valid", OpenID: "ou_x", UserName: "Alice"},
 	}
-	r := buildResult(cfg, identity.AsUser, "auto_detect", diag)
+	r := buildResult(cfg, core.AsUser, "auto_detect", diag)

 	if r.Identity != "user" || r.IdentitySource != "auto_detect" {
 		t.Fatalf("identity/source = %q/%q", r.Identity, r.IdentitySource)
@@ -69,17 +67,17 @@ func TestBuildResult_UserValid(t *testing.T) {
 	if r.Hint != "" {
 		t.Fatalf("hint = %q, want empty", r.Hint)
 	}
-	if r.Profile != "my-app" || r.AppID != "cli_x" || r.Brand != brand.Lark {
+	if r.Profile != "my-app" || r.AppID != "cli_x" || r.Brand != core.BrandLark {
 		t.Fatalf("app context = %#v", r)
 	}
 }

 func TestBuildResult_UserMissingToken(t *testing.T) {
-	cfg := &configpkg.CliConfig{ProfileName: "p", AppID: "cli_x", Brand: brand.Lark}
+	cfg := &core.CliConfig{ProfileName: "p", AppID: "cli_x", Brand: core.BrandLark}
 	diag := identitydiag.Result{
 		User: identitydiag.Identity{Available: false, Status: "missing", Hint: "run: lark-cli auth login --help"}, // never logged in
 	}
-	r := buildResult(cfg, identity.AsUser, "auto_detect", diag)
+	r := buildResult(cfg, core.AsUser, "auto_detect", diag)

 	if r.Available {
 		t.Fatalf("available = true, want false")
@@ -98,11 +96,11 @@ func TestBuildResult_UserMissingToken(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestBuildResult_BotReady(t *testing.T) {
-	cfg := &configpkg.CliConfig{ProfileName: "p", AppID: "cli_x", Brand: brand.Feishu, DefaultAs: identity.AsBot}
+	cfg := &core.CliConfig{ProfileName: "p", AppID: "cli_x", Brand: core.BrandFeishu, DefaultAs: core.AsBot}
 	diag := identitydiag.Result{
 		Bot: identitydiag.Identity{Available: true, Status: "ready"},
 	}
-	r := buildResult(cfg, identity.AsBot, "default_as", diag)
+	r := buildResult(cfg, core.AsBot, "default_as", diag)

 	if r.Identity != "bot" || r.IdentitySource != "default_as" {
 		t.Fatalf("identity/source = %q/%q", r.Identity, r.IdentitySource)
@@ -119,11 +117,11 @@ func TestBuildResult_BotReady(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestBuildResult_BotNotConfigured(t *testing.T) {
-	cfg := &configpkg.CliConfig{ProfileName: "p", AppID: "cli_x", Brand: brand.Feishu}
+	cfg := &core.CliConfig{ProfileName: "p", AppID: "cli_x", Brand: core.BrandFeishu}
 	diag := identitydiag.Result{
 		Bot: identitydiag.Identity{Available: false, Status: "not_configured", Hint: "run: lark-cli config --help"},
 	}
-	r := buildResult(cfg, identity.AsBot, "auto_detect", diag)
+	r := buildResult(cfg, core.AsBot, "auto_detect", diag)

 	if r.Available {
 		t.Fatalf("available = true, want false")
@@ -137,8 +135,8 @@ func TestBuildResult_BotNotConfigured(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestWhoami_BotJSON(t *testing.T) {
-	f, stdout, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &configpkg.CliConfig{
-		ProfileName: "test-profile", AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: brand.Feishu,
+	f, stdout, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{
+		ProfileName: "test-profile", AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: core.BrandFeishu,
 	})

 	cmd := NewCmdWhoami(f)
@@ -171,8 +169,8 @@ func TestWhoami_BotJSON(t *testing.T) {
 func TestWhoami_RejectsInvalidAs(t *testing.T) {
 	for _, bad := range []string{"admin", "USER", "bogus123", ""} {
 		t.Run("as="+bad, func(t *testing.T) {
-			f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &configpkg.CliConfig{
-				ProfileName: "p", AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: brand.Feishu,
+			f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{
+				ProfileName: "p", AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: core.BrandFeishu,
 			})
 			cmd := NewCmdWhoami(f)
 			cmd.SetArgs([]string{"--as", bad})
@@ -197,11 +195,11 @@ func TestWhoami_RejectsInvalidAs(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestWhoami_ConfigErrorPropagates(t *testing.T) {
-	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &configpkg.CliConfig{
-		ProfileName: "p", AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: brand.Feishu,
+	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{
+		ProfileName: "p", AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: core.BrandFeishu,
 	})
 	wantErr := fmt.Errorf("boom")
-	f.Config = func() (*configpkg.CliConfig, error) { return nil, wantErr }
+	f.Config = func() (*core.CliConfig, error) { return nil, wantErr }

 	cmd := NewCmdWhoami(f)
 	cmd.SetArgs([]string{"--json"})
@@ -220,8 +218,8 @@ func TestWhoami_StrictModeRejectsCrossIdentity(t *testing.T) {
 	// Bot-only account → strict mode bot. A real `--as user` call would be
 	// rejected by CheckStrictMode; whoami must reject it identically rather than
 	// previewing a user identity the next call would refuse.
-	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &configpkg.CliConfig{
-		ProfileName: "p", AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: brand.Feishu,
+	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{
+		ProfileName: "p", AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: core.BrandFeishu,
 		SupportedIdentities: 2, // bot only
 	})
 	cmd := NewCmdWhoami(f)
@@ -249,7 +247,7 @@ func (p *fakeExtProvider) ResolveToken(context.Context, extcred.TokenSpec) (*ext
 	return nil, nil // no UAT served locally; whoami runs with verify=false
 }

-func externalWhoamiFactory(cfg *configpkg.CliConfig) (*cmdutil.Factory, *bytes.Buffer) {
+func externalWhoamiFactory(cfg *core.CliConfig) (*cmdutil.Factory, *bytes.Buffer) {
 	cred := credential.NewCredentialProvider(
 		[]extcred.Provider{&fakeExtProvider{name: "corp-sso", account: &extcred.Account{AppID: cfg.AppID}}},
 		nil, nil,
@@ -257,7 +255,7 @@ func externalWhoamiFactory(cfg *configpkg.CliConfig) (*cmdutil.Factory, *bytes.B
 	)
 	out := &bytes.Buffer{}
 	f := &cmdutil.Factory{
-		Config:     func() (*configpkg.CliConfig, error) { return cfg, nil },
+		Config:     func() (*core.CliConfig, error) { return cfg, nil },
 		Credential: cred,
 		IOStreams:  &cmdutil.IOStreams{Out: out, ErrOut: &bytes.Buffer{}},
 	}
@@ -268,8 +266,8 @@ func externalWhoamiFactory(cfg *configpkg.CliConfig) (*cmdutil.Factory, *bytes.B
 // an extension provider, a signed-in user must read as available, and an
 // unavailable identity must not be told to "auth login" (which is blocked).
 func TestWhoami_ExternalProvider_UserReady(t *testing.T) {
-	cfg := &configpkg.CliConfig{
-		ProfileName: "p", AppID: "cli_x", Brand: brand.Feishu,
+	cfg := &core.CliConfig{
+		ProfileName: "p", AppID: "cli_x", Brand: core.BrandFeishu,
 		SupportedIdentities: uint8(extcred.SupportsAll), UserOpenId: "ou_x", UserName: "Alice",
 	}
 	f, out := externalWhoamiFactory(cfg)
@@ -295,8 +293,8 @@ func TestWhoami_ExternalProvider_UserReady(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestWhoami_ExternalProvider_UserHintNotKeychain(t *testing.T) {
-	cfg := &configpkg.CliConfig{
-		ProfileName: "p", AppID: "cli_x", Brand: brand.Feishu,
+	cfg := &core.CliConfig{
+		ProfileName: "p", AppID: "cli_x", Brand: core.BrandFeishu,
 		SupportedIdentities: uint8(extcred.SupportsUser), // user supported but not signed in
 	}
 	f, out := externalWhoamiFactory(cfg)
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More
Author	SHA1	Message	Date
AlbertSun	92df3c01d6	fix: satisfy deterministic gate	2026-07-13 21:51:03 +08:00
zhaojunchang	71036917e5	build: update github.com/google/certtostore and remove unused deps	2026-07-11 18:38:40 +08:00
AlbertSun	8c11b2759b	refactor: simplify keyless signer flows	2026-07-11 18:19:30 +08:00
AlbertSun	ee6d80aa62	build: merge dependency update	2026-07-11 17:35:51 +08:00
zhaojunchang	4f62c2fa6b	build: update indirect google deps to newer versions	2026-07-11 17:28:43 +08:00
AlbertSun	2609bc7965	fix: sync main and restore linux riscv64 release	2026-07-11 17:24:46 +08:00
AlbertSun	648f4ba05a	feat(auth): persist keyless signer configuration	2026-07-11 16:55:31 +08:00
zhaojunchang	8d650247e8	feat: add external keyless signer support for private_key_jwt flows	2026-07-09 23:43:58 +08:00
zhaojunchang	6ba0f8bc14	fix(config): add early validation for private_key_jwt flag	2026-07-09 20:30:41 +08:00
zhaojunchang	9e941092a4	refactor(config): improve auth method resolution and add error handling	2026-07-09 18:12:33 +08:00
zhaojunchang	b5e10593d6	refactor(auth): improve existing app registration flow	2026-07-09 11:27:55 +08:00
zhaojunchang	88592a9313	refactor(config): replace --auth-method flag with --private_key_jwt	2026-07-09 10:43:11 +08:00
AlbertSun	e92620ba3b	refactor(auth): make keysigner internal	2026-06-23 21:18:22 +08:00
AlbertSun	146f13e5e2	feat(auth): add --restore to recover the previous app when credentials are corrupted	2026-06-23 20:57:18 +08:00
AlbertSun	3c35f3e3f5	feat(keysigner): compile TPM signer into linux & windows/amd64 by default Drop the sks_signer build tag, mirroring the darwin keychain signer: the TPM signer now compiles into every linux and windows/amd64 build via constraint //go:build linux \|\| (windows && amd64) — no -tags needed. windows/arm64 is arch-excluded (go-ole has no arm64 VARIANT) and falls back to client_secret only. - goreleaser: drop -tags=sks_signer; merge windows-arm64 into the windows build (amd64+arm64) since no tag is needed and arm64 is arch-excluded. - build-pkg-pr-new.sh: remove tag logic. - doctor: update the no-signer hint (signer ships by default on macOS, Linux, Windows/amd64). - Switching from a custom tag to GOOS/GOARCH constraints also lets go mod tidy track sks/go-tpm/go-ole correctly.	2026-06-23 19:07:48 +08:00
AlbertSun	a2d8e21552	fix(doctor): report macOS keychain signer as present The keychain signer lacked a HardwareProber, so probeHardware() returned ok=false and doctor printed "no TEE signer in this build" on macOS — a false negative, since the signer is registered and private_key_jwt works. Implement ProbeHardware on keychainSigner (reports backend=keychain, available when /usr/bin/security is present; no key access, no prompt) so doctor shows 'keychain TEE available'.	2026-06-23 17:26:51 +08:00
AlbertSun	788c382984	fix(ci): drop sks_signer for windows/arm64 in PR preview build sks's Windows COM dependency go-ole v1.2.5 has no arm64 VARIANT, so building windows/arm64 with -tags sks_signer fails (undefined: VARIANT). Mirror .goreleaser.yml's windows-arm64 build: ship arm64 without the TPM signer (client_secret only). Other targets keep sks_signer.	2026-06-23 17:11:16 +08:00
AlbertSun	984ebf97b1	fix(lint): satisfy errorlint on app-registration path - init_interactive.go: use errors.Is(err, huh.ErrUserAborted) instead of == (the new auth-method picker path; comparison fails on wrapped errors) - app_registration.go: wrap read-body error with %w instead of %v	2026-06-23 17:06:17 +08:00
AlbertSun	d0bbc22b36	Merge remote-tracking branch 'origin/main' into feat/app_registration_v3 # Conflicts: # cmd/config/init.go # cmd/doctor/doctor.go # internal/core/config.go # internal/core/config_test.go # internal/credential/tat_fetch.go	2026-06-22 15:21:55 +08:00
AlbertSun	1142f26051	refactor(keysigner): compile macOS keychain signer into every darwin build Drop the keychain_signer build tag now that the signer is cgo-free (purego runtime FFI). darwin builds always include it, so release and PR-preview binaries are signed without a tag. Adjust go vet to -unsafeptr=false for the FFI data-symbol dereference (golangci-lint still runs full govet honoring the inline //nolint:govet).	2026-06-22 15:04:19 +08:00
AlbertSun	3b6086525d	feat(keysigner): cgo-free macOS keychain signer via purego runtime FFI Replace the cgo Security.framework bindings with runtime FFI (ebitengine/purego) so the keychain_signer builds with CGO_ENABLED=0 and cross-compiles for darwin from any host. Same non-extractable-key security model (SecKeyCreateSignature on an OS-held key). Release goes back to a single ubuntu runner; a macos-latest job validates the FFI round-trip on real hardware as a release gate.	2026-06-18 14:38:51 +08:00
AlbertSun	08ab54cb0f	ci: ship platform key signer in release builds (sks_signer linux/windows, keychain_signer darwin)	2026-06-17 20:19:11 +08:00
AlbertSun	91cd101040	fix(config): validate auth method before resolving secret for private_key_jwt	2026-06-17 20:13:34 +08:00
AlbertSun	b4225b9382	docs(auth): reword user-facing 'TEE' to 'platform key signer'	2026-06-17 20:11:38 +08:00
AlbertSun	d42a0807f0	fix(auth): clean up orphaned secret when migrating same app to private_key_jwt	2026-06-17 20:11:00 +08:00
AlbertSun	c477911354	fix(auth): add token-level probe after private_key_jwt registration	2026-06-17 20:08:23 +08:00
AlbertSun	6b3d83224c	fix(auth): classify deterministic private_key_jwt token rejections as typed errors	2026-06-17 20:05:25 +08:00
AlbertSun	99830f4d6c	fix(auth): reject private_key_jwt config when no signing key was bound	2026-06-17 20:04:33 +08:00
sunxingjian	909626db8f	chore: unified go mod	2026-06-13 16:53:21 +08:00
sunxingjian	e6c8fd546c	feat(auth): TPM-backed private_key_jwt signer for Linux/Windows private_key_jwt shipped with only a macOS Keychain signer, so keysigner.Active() was nil on Linux/Windows and the secretless auth was unusable there (registration failed with "requires a TEE key signer"). Add a TPM 2.0 signer backed by github.com/facebookincubator/sks — the backend named in the keysigner docstring — behind the `sks_signer` build tag, mirroring the macOS `keychain_signer` gating. Signer (extension/keysigner/signer_sks.go, (linux\|\|windows) && sks_signer): - Non-exportable ECDSA P-256 key in the TPM (/dev/tpmrm0 on Linux, CNG on Windows); ES256. - sks emits ASN.1 DER but JWS requires fixed-width r\|\|s (RFC 7518 §3.4); add ecdsaDERToJOSE in the core and convert. Both sks backends emit DER. - EnsureKey creates-or-loads, PublicKey reads without creating, Sign hashes+signs+converts. - Silence sks's verbose flog (glog-fork) TPM logging in init() via flog.SetOutput(io.Discard); the CLI does not use flog and real failures are returned as errors. TEE diagnostics: - HardwareProber capability + ProbeActiveHardware in the core; sksSigner implements it via sks.GetSecureHardwareVendorData (prefix-collapsed error text). - `lark-cli doctor` gains a tee_signer check: a hard requirement for private_key_jwt apps, informational for client_secret. - doctor renders a human-readable report on a TTY and keeps JSON for pipes/scripts; add IOStreams.StdoutIsTerminal (stdout-based, unlike the stdin-based IsTerminal) so `doctor \| jq` still emits JSON. Dependency: pin sks to its last go-1.20 commit (6823f23, before sks bumped its own go directive to 1.24) so the CLI module stays on go 1.23 and the golang.org/x/* packages are not force-upgraded. sks pulls a pure-Go TPM stack, compiled only under -tags sks_signer, so the default build stays free of it (client_secret only). Verified on linux/amd64 against a real TPM 2.0: key creation, ES256 signing with r\|\|s verification, and the full private_key_jwt registration + tenant-token mint via TPM-signed client_assertion.	2026-06-13 16:37:27 +08:00
AlbertSun	40de8a44dc	opt(auth): validate auth-method at config resolution; document init back-compat - ResolveConfigFromMulti: reject unknown authMethod and require keyRef for private_key_jwt at resolution time (fail-fast vs. silent client_secret degrade or later token-signing failure) - init_interactive: comment why an empty SupportedAuthMethods intentionally allows the requested private_key_jwt (older-server back-compat, mirrors resolveFinalAuthMethod) - tests: invalid authMethod & missing keyRef resolution errors; empty SupportedAuthMethods init parse; explicit empty-slice resolveFinalAuthMethod	2026-06-10 21:35:05 +08:00
AlbertSun	29fa49fa5f	opt(proxy): add config & auth test coverage	2026-06-10 20:18:33 +08:00
AlbertSun	7575d72c00	fix: fix lint suggestions	2026-06-10 19:47:15 +08:00
AlbertSun	41c9a30ba5	feat(auth): auth support private_key_jwt	2026-06-10 19:47:15 +08:00