docs: tighten lark-sheets skill guidance

.golangci.yml

@@ -73,20 +73,20 @@ linters:
           - forbidigo
       # errs-typed-only enforced on paths already migrated to errs.NewXxxError.
       # Add a path when its migration is complete.
-      - path-except: (internal/auth/|internal/errcompat/|internal/errclass/|internal/client/|internal/cmdutil/factory\.go|cmd/auth/|cmd/config/|cmd/service/|shortcuts/common/mcp_client\.go|shortcuts/calendar/|shortcuts/drive/|shortcuts/mail/|shortcuts/base/)
+      - path-except: (internal/auth/|internal/errcompat/|internal/errclass/|internal/client/|internal/cmdutil/factory\.go|cmd/auth/|cmd/config/|cmd/service/|shortcuts/common/mcp_client\.go|shortcuts/calendar/helpers\.go|shortcuts/drive/|shortcuts/mail/)
         text: errs-typed-only
         linters:
           - forbidigo
       # errs-no-bare-wrap enforced on paths fully migrated to typed final
       # errors. Scoped separately from errs-typed-only because cmd/auth/,
       # cmd/config/ still have residual fmt.Errorf and must not be caught.
-      - path-except: (shortcuts/drive/|shortcuts/mail/|shortcuts/base/|shortcuts/calendar/|shortcuts/common/mcp_client\.go)
+      - path-except: (shortcuts/drive/|shortcuts/mail/|shortcuts/calendar/helpers\.go|shortcuts/common/mcp_client\.go)
         text: errs-no-bare-wrap
         linters:
           - forbidigo
-      # errs-no-legacy-helper enforced on domains whose shared validation/save
-      # helpers have migrated to typed final errors.
-      - path-except: (shortcuts/drive/|shortcuts/mail/|shortcuts/base/|shortcuts/calendar/)
+      # errs-no-legacy-helper is scoped to migrated domains: the shared helpers
+      # it bans are still used by other domains until their later migration phase.
+      - path-except: (shortcuts/drive/|shortcuts/mail/)
         text: errs-no-legacy-helper
         linters:
           - forbidigo
@@ -116,14 +116,16 @@ linters:
             [errs-typed-only] use errs.NewXxxError(...) builder
             (see errs/types.go).
         # ── legacy shared error helpers banned on migrated domains ──
-        # These helpers emit legacy output.Err* / bare error shapes or drop
-        # typed metadata such as Param/Cause. Migrated domains must use typed
-        # common replacements or local typed helpers instead.
-        - pattern: (common\.FlagErrorf|common\.RejectDangerousChars|common\.WrapInputStatError|common\.WrapSaveErrorByCategory)\b
+        # These helpers internally produce legacy output.Err* shapes, so they
+        # are invisible to the errs-typed-only ban above. Migrated domains use
+        # typed errs.* builders or domain-local file-I/O helpers instead; this
+        # prevents reintroduction while unmigrated domains continue to use the
+        # shared helpers until their later migration phase.
+        - pattern: (common\.FlagErrorf|common\.WrapInputStatError|common\.WrapSaveErrorByCategory)\b
           msg: >-
-            [errs-no-legacy-helper] these shared helpers emit legacy or
-            metadata-poor error shapes. Use typed common replacements, typed
-            errs.NewXxxError builders, or domain-local typed helpers.
+            [errs-no-legacy-helper] these shared helpers emit legacy output.Err*
+            shapes. Use typed errs.NewXxxError builders or a domain-local
+            file-I/O helper.
         # ── bare error wraps banned on fully-typed paths ──
         - pattern: (fmt\.Errorf|errors\.New)\b
           msg: >-

internal/errclass/classify.go

@@ -92,18 +92,6 @@ func BuildAPIError(resp map[string]any, cc ClassifyContext) error {
 			base.Troubleshooter = ts
 		}
 	}
-	// Upstream-provided field-level reasons (resp.error.details[].value). Lark
-	// returns these as free-text reason strings with no machine-readable field
-	// name (verified for code 190014:
-	// {"error":{"details":[{"value":"end_time should be later than start_time"}]}}),
-	// so they are lifted into Problem.Hint — the sanctioned free-text recovery
-	// prompt — rather than fabricated structured params. Lifted before the
-	// category switch so any classified arm inherits it; the CategoryAPI arm
-	// below prefers this server detail over the context-free APIHint default.
-	detailHint := liftErrorDetailValues(resp)
-	if detailHint != "" {
-		base.Hint = detailHint
-	}
 
 	switch meta.Category {
 	case errs.CategoryAuthorization:
@@ -141,11 +129,7 @@ func BuildAPIError(resp map[string]any, cc ClassifyContext) error {
 			Action:  action,
 		}
 	case errs.CategoryAPI:
-		// A server-supplied detail (lifted into base.Hint above) wins over the
-		// context-free APIHint default; only fall back to APIHint when absent.
-		if base.Hint == "" {
-			base.Hint = APIHint(base.Subtype) // "" for subtypes without a context-free default
-		}
+		base.Hint = APIHint(base.Subtype) // "" for subtypes without a context-free default
 		return &errs.APIError{Problem: base}
 	default:
 		// Fail closed: an unrecognized Category routes to InternalError
@@ -230,10 +214,6 @@ func stringFromAny(v any) string {
 // per-subtype recovery hint before returning it, so the wire envelope
 // emitted via BuildAPIError always carries a hint for known config subtypes.
 func buildConfigError(p errs.Problem) *errs.ConfigError {
-	// Config categories have authoritative recovery guidance, so the curated
-	// ConfigHint deliberately overrides any server detail lifted into p.Hint
-	// (the opposite precedence from the CategoryAPI arm, where the lifted
-	// detail wins).
 	p.Hint = ConfigHint(p.Subtype)
 	return &errs.ConfigError{Problem: p}
 }
@@ -278,10 +258,6 @@ func buildPermissionError(p errs.Problem, resp map[string]any, cc ClassifyContex
 	}
 	consoleURL := ConsoleURL(cc.Brand, cc.AppID, missing)
 	p.Message = CanonicalPermissionMessage(p.Subtype, cc.AppID, missing, p.Message)
-	// Permission categories have authoritative recovery guidance (scopes to
-	// grant, console URL), so the curated PermissionHint deliberately overrides
-	// any server detail lifted into p.Hint (the opposite precedence from the
-	// CategoryAPI arm, where the lifted detail wins).
 	p.Hint = PermissionHint(missing, identity, p.Subtype, consoleURL)
 	permErr := &errs.PermissionError{
 		Problem:       p,
@@ -390,32 +366,6 @@ func PermissionHint(missing []string, identity string, subtype errs.Subtype, con
 	return "check the calling identity has the required scope"
 }
 
-// liftErrorDetailValues collects the non-empty resp.error.details[].value reason
-// strings and joins them with "; ". Returns "" when the structure is absent or
-// carries no non-empty value. The shape (verified for code 190014) is
-// {"error":{"details":[{"value":"<reason>"}]}}.
-func liftErrorDetailValues(resp map[string]any) string {
-	errBlock, ok := resp["error"].(map[string]any)
-	if !ok {
-		return ""
-	}
-	details, ok := errBlock["details"].([]any)
-	if !ok || len(details) == 0 {
-		return ""
-	}
-	var values []string
-	for _, d := range details {
-		m, ok := d.(map[string]any)
-		if !ok {
-			continue
-		}
-		if v, _ := m["value"].(string); v != "" {
-			values = append(values, v)
-		}
-	}
-	return strings.Join(values, "; ")
-}
-
 // extractMissingScopes walks resp["error"]["permission_violations"][].subject.
 // Returns nil when the structure is absent.
 func extractMissingScopes(resp map[string]any) []string {

internal/errclass/classify_test.go

@@ -220,111 +220,6 @@ func TestBuildAPIError_TroubleshooterLiftedOnPermissionArm(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-// TestBuildAPIError_DetailsLiftedToHintOnAPIArm pins that BuildAPIError lifts
-// resp.error.details[].value into Problem.Hint when the response routes to the
-// catch-all CategoryAPI arm. The real Lark shape (verified for code 190014) is
-// {"error":{"details":[{"value":"end_time should be later than start_time"}]}}
-// — only a human-readable reason string, no machine-readable field name. It is
-// lifted into Hint (sanctioned free-text recovery prompt) rather than fabricated
-// structured params.
-func TestBuildAPIError_DetailsLiftedToHintOnAPIArm(t *testing.T) {
-	resp := map[string]any{
-		"code": 190014,
-		"msg":  "invalid params",
-		"error": map[string]any{
-			"details": []any{
-				map[string]any{"value": "end_time should be later than start_time"},
-			},
-		},
-	}
-	err := errclass.BuildAPIError(resp, errclass.ClassifyContext{})
-	p, ok := errs.ProblemOf(err)
-	if !ok {
-		t.Fatal("ProblemOf returned !ok")
-	}
-	if !strings.Contains(p.Hint, "end_time should be later than start_time") {
-		t.Errorf("Hint = %q, want it to contain the server detail value", p.Hint)
-	}
-}
-
-// TestBuildAPIError_MultipleDetailsJoinedIntoHint pins that multiple non-empty
-// detail values are joined with "; " into a single Hint, and empty values are
-// skipped.
-func TestBuildAPIError_MultipleDetailsJoinedIntoHint(t *testing.T) {
-	resp := map[string]any{
-		"code": 190014,
-		"msg":  "invalid params",
-		"error": map[string]any{
-			"details": []any{
-				map[string]any{"value": "first reason"},
-				map[string]any{"value": ""},
-				map[string]any{"value": "second reason"},
-			},
-		},
-	}
-	err := errclass.BuildAPIError(resp, errclass.ClassifyContext{})
-	p, ok := errs.ProblemOf(err)
-	if !ok {
-		t.Fatal("ProblemOf returned !ok")
-	}
-	if p.Hint != "first reason; second reason" {
-		t.Errorf("Hint = %q, want %q", p.Hint, "first reason; second reason")
-	}
-}
-
-// TestBuildAPIError_DetailsSkipsNonMapEntries pins that malformed entries in
-// the details array (not a JSON object) are skipped rather than panicking, and
-// well-formed siblings still surface in the Hint.
-func TestBuildAPIError_DetailsSkipsNonMapEntries(t *testing.T) {
-	resp := map[string]any{
-		"code": 190014,
-		"msg":  "invalid params",
-		"error": map[string]any{
-			"details": []any{
-				"i am a bare string, not an object",
-				map[string]any{"value": "the real reason"},
-				42,
-			},
-		},
-	}
-	err := errclass.BuildAPIError(resp, errclass.ClassifyContext{})
-	p, ok := errs.ProblemOf(err)
-	if !ok {
-		t.Fatal("ProblemOf returned !ok")
-	}
-	if p.Hint != "the real reason" {
-		t.Errorf("Hint = %q, want %q", p.Hint, "the real reason")
-	}
-}
-
-// TestBuildAPIError_DetailsMalformedShapesNoHint pins that a missing error
-// block, a non-array details field, and an empty details array all leave the
-// Hint untouched (no lifted detail) instead of erroring.
-func TestBuildAPIError_DetailsMalformedShapesNoHint(t *testing.T) {
-	cases := []struct {
-		name string
-		resp map[string]any
-	}{
-		{"no error block", map[string]any{"code": 190014, "msg": "invalid params"}},
-		{"details not array", map[string]any{"code": 190014, "msg": "invalid params", "error": map[string]any{"details": "nope"}}},
-		{"empty details", map[string]any{"code": 190014, "msg": "invalid params", "error": map[string]any{"details": []any{}}}},
-		{"detail values all empty", map[string]any{"code": 190014, "msg": "invalid params", "error": map[string]any{"details": []any{map[string]any{"value": ""}}}}},
-	}
-	for _, tc := range cases {
-		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			err := errclass.BuildAPIError(tc.resp, errclass.ClassifyContext{})
-			p, ok := errs.ProblemOf(err)
-			if !ok {
-				t.Fatal("ProblemOf returned !ok")
-			}
-			// With no liftable detail, the Hint must not echo a server detail.
-			if strings.Contains(p.Hint, "nope") {
-				t.Errorf("Hint should not lift a non-array details field, got %q", p.Hint)
-			}
-		})
-	}
-}
-
 // TestBuildAPIError_TroubleshooterAbsent pins that Troubleshooter stays empty
 // when the upstream response omits it — wire envelope must omit the field.
 func TestBuildAPIError_TroubleshooterAbsent(t *testing.T) {

internal/errclass/codemeta_calendar.go

@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
-
-package errclass
-
-import "github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
-
-// calendarCodeMeta holds calendar-service Lark code → CodeMeta mappings.
-// Only codes whose meaning is verifiable from repo evidence are registered;
-// ambiguous codes fall back to CategoryAPI via BuildAPIError.
-// BuildAPIError consumes this map via mergeCodeMeta + LookupCodeMeta.
-var calendarCodeMeta = map[int]CodeMeta{
-	190014: {Category: errs.CategoryAPI, Subtype: errs.SubtypeInvalidParameters}, // invalid params (carries a field-level detail lifted into Hint)
-}
-
-func init() { mergeCodeMeta(calendarCodeMeta, "calendar") }

internal/errclass/codemeta_calendar_test.go

@@ -1,39 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
-
-package errclass
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-	"testing"
-
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
-)
-
-// TestLookupCodeMeta_CalendarCodes pins each calendar-service code registered
-// via the codemeta_calendar.go init() merge to its expected
-// Category/Subtype/Retryable.
-func TestLookupCodeMeta_CalendarCodes(t *testing.T) {
-	cases := []struct {
-		code        int
-		wantCat     errs.Category
-		wantSubtype errs.Subtype
-		wantRetry   bool
-	}{
-		// 190014: calendar "invalid params" with a field-level detail
-		// (error.details[].value) lifted into Hint by BuildAPIError.
-		{190014, errs.CategoryAPI, errs.SubtypeInvalidParameters, false},
-	}
-	for _, tc := range cases {
-		t.Run(fmt.Sprintf("%d", tc.code), func(t *testing.T) {
-			meta, ok := LookupCodeMeta(tc.code)
-			if !ok {
-				t.Fatalf("code %d not registered in codeMeta", tc.code)
-			}
-			if meta.Category != tc.wantCat || meta.Subtype != tc.wantSubtype || meta.Retryable != tc.wantRetry {
-				t.Errorf("code %d: got %+v, want Category=%v Subtype=%v Retryable=%v",
-					tc.code, meta, tc.wantCat, tc.wantSubtype, tc.wantRetry)
-			}
-		})
-	}
-}

internal/registry/registry_test.go

@@ -231,9 +231,14 @@ func TestLoadAutoApproveSet(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatal("expected non-empty auto-approve set")
 	}
 
-	// From scope_priorities.json recommend=="true"
+	// From scope_overrides.json allow list
+	if !aaSet["calendar:calendar.event:create"] {
+		t.Error("expected calendar:calendar.event:create in auto-approve set (from allow list)")
+	}
+
+	// Verify allow list entries are present
 	if !aaSet["sheets:spreadsheet:read"] {
-		t.Error("expected sheets:spreadsheet:read in auto-approve set (recommend=true in priorities)")
+		t.Error("expected sheets:spreadsheet:read in auto-approve set (from allow list)")
 	}
 
 	t.Logf("Auto-approve set has %d scopes", len(aaSet))
@@ -252,10 +257,16 @@ func TestLoadPlatformAutoApproveSet(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestLoadOverrideAutoApproveAllow(t *testing.T) {
 	allowSet := LoadOverrideAutoApproveAllow()
-	// recommend.allow in scope_overrides.json is intentionally empty:
-	// no scopes are special-cased into the auto-approve set anymore.
-	if len(allowSet) != 0 {
-		t.Errorf("expected empty override allow set, got %d entries", len(allowSet))
+	if len(allowSet) == 0 {
+		t.Fatal("expected non-empty override allow set")
+	}
+
+	// Known entries from scope_overrides.json
+	if !allowSet["calendar:calendar.event:create"] {
+		t.Error("expected calendar:calendar.event:create in allow set")
+	}
+	if !allowSet["mail:event"] {
+		t.Error("expected mail:event in allow set")
 	}
 }
 
@@ -266,9 +277,9 @@ func TestLoadOverrideAutoApproveDeny(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestIsAutoApproveScope(t *testing.T) {
-	// Known auto-approve scope (recommend=true in scope_priorities.json)
-	if !IsAutoApproveScope("sheets:spreadsheet:read") {
-		t.Error("expected sheets:spreadsheet:read to be auto-approve")
+	// Known auto-approve scope (in allow list)
+	if !IsAutoApproveScope("calendar:calendar.event:create") {
+		t.Error("expected calendar:calendar.event:create to be auto-approve")
 	}
 
 	// Completely unknown scope
@@ -279,8 +290,9 @@ func TestIsAutoApproveScope(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestFilterAutoApproveScopes(t *testing.T) {
 	scopes := []string{
-		"sheets:spreadsheet:read", // auto-approve (recommend=true in priorities)
-		"zzz:unknown:scope",       // not in auto-approve
+		"calendar:calendar.event:create", // auto-approve (in allow list)
+		"zzz:unknown:scope",              // not in auto-approve
+		"sheets:spreadsheet:read",        // auto-approve (in allow list)
 	}
 
 	result := FilterAutoApproveScopes(scopes)
@@ -288,10 +300,10 @@ func TestFilterAutoApproveScopes(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatal("expected at least 1 auto-approve scope in result")
 	}
 
-	// Check that sheets:spreadsheet:read is included
+	// Check that calendar:calendar.event:create is included
 	found := false
 	for _, s := range result {
-		if s == "sheets:spreadsheet:read" {
+		if s == "calendar:calendar.event:create" {
 			found = true
 		}
 		// Ensure unknown scopes are not included
@@ -300,7 +312,7 @@ func TestFilterAutoApproveScopes(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	}
 	if !found {
-		t.Error("expected sheets:spreadsheet:read in result")
+		t.Error("expected calendar:calendar.event:create in result")
 	}
 }
 

internal/registry/scope_overrides.json

@@ -12,7 +12,25 @@
     "vc:meeting.meetingevent:read": 75
   },
   "recommend": {
-    "allow": [],
+    "allow": [
+      "calendar:calendar.event:create",
+      "calendar:calendar.event:delete",
+      "calendar:calendar.event:read",
+      "calendar:calendar.event:update",
+      "calendar:calendar.free_busy:read",
+      "calendar:calendar:create",
+      "calendar:calendar:delete",
+      "calendar:calendar:read",
+      "calendar:calendar:update",
+      "contact:user.basic_profile:readonly",
+      "mail:event",
+      "mail:user_mailbox.mail_contact:read",
+      "mail:user_mailbox.mail_contact:write",
+      "mail:user_mailbox.message.address:read",
+      "mail:user_mailbox.message.body:read",
+      "mail:user_mailbox.message.subject:read",
+      "mail:user_mailbox.message:readonly"
+    ],
     "deny": [
       "im:chat",
       "im:message.send_as_user"

lint/errscontract/rule_no_legacy_common_helper_call.go

@@ -15,10 +15,8 @@ import (
 // legacy validation/save helpers are forbidden; callers must use the typed
 // common replacements or construct an errs.* typed error directly.
 var migratedCommonHelperPaths = []string{
-	"shortcuts/base/",
 	"shortcuts/drive/",
 	"shortcuts/mail/",
-	"shortcuts/calendar/",
 }
 
 const commonImportPath = "github.com/larksuite/cli/shortcuts/common"

lint/errscontract/rule_no_legacy_envelope_literal.go

@@ -16,10 +16,8 @@ import (
 // call sites must return a typed errs.* error instead. Future domains opt in by
 // appending their path prefix here.
 var migratedEnvelopePaths = []string{
-	"shortcuts/base/",
 	"shortcuts/drive/",
 	"shortcuts/mail/",
-	"shortcuts/calendar/",
 }
 
 // legacyOutputImportPath is the import path of the package that declares the

lint/errscontract/rules_test.go

@@ -662,7 +662,7 @@ func boom() error {
 	return &output.ExitError{Code: 1}
 }
 `
-	v := CheckNoLegacyEnvelopeLiteral("shortcuts/im/foo.go", src)
+	v := CheckNoLegacyEnvelopeLiteral("shortcuts/calendar/foo.go", src)
 	if len(v) != 0 {
 		t.Errorf("non-migrated path should pass, got: %+v", v)
 	}
@@ -924,27 +924,6 @@ common.` + helper + `()
 	}
 }
 
-func TestCheckNoLegacyCommonHelperCall_RejectsDangerousCharsOnCalendarPath(t *testing.T) {
-	src := `package calendar
-
-import "github.com/larksuite/cli/shortcuts/common"
-
-func boom() {
-	common.RejectDangerousChars("--summary", "x")
-}
-`
-	v := CheckNoLegacyCommonHelperCall("shortcuts/calendar/calendar_create.go", src)
-	if len(v) != 1 {
-		t.Fatalf("expected 1 violation, got %d: %+v", len(v), v)
-	}
-	if v[0].Action != ActionReject {
-		t.Errorf("action = %q, want REJECT", v[0].Action)
-	}
-	if !strings.Contains(v[0].Suggestion, "common.RejectDangerousCharsTyped") {
-		t.Errorf("suggestion should name typed replacement, got: %s", v[0].Suggestion)
-	}
-}
-
 func TestCheckNoLegacyCommonHelperCall_AllowsNonMigratedPath(t *testing.T) {
 	src := `package im
 

shortcuts/base/base_advperm_disable.go

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ var BaseAdvpermDisable = common.Shortcut{
 	},
 	Validate: func(ctx context.Context, runtime *common.RuntimeContext) error {
 		if strings.TrimSpace(runtime.Str("base-token")) == "" {
-			return baseFlagErrorf("--base-token must not be blank")
+			return common.FlagErrorf("--base-token must not be blank")
 		}
 		return nil
 	},
@@ -55,6 +55,6 @@ var BaseAdvpermDisable = common.Shortcut{
 			return err
 		}
 
-		return handleRoleAPIResponse(runtime, apiResp, "disable advanced permissions failed")
+		return handleRoleResponse(runtime, apiResp.RawBody, "disable advanced permissions failed")
 	},
 }

shortcuts/base/base_advperm_enable.go

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ var BaseAdvpermEnable = common.Shortcut{
 	},
 	Validate: func(ctx context.Context, runtime *common.RuntimeContext) error {
 		if strings.TrimSpace(runtime.Str("base-token")) == "" {
-			return baseFlagErrorf("--base-token must not be blank")
+			return common.FlagErrorf("--base-token must not be blank")
 		}
 		return nil
 	},
@@ -54,6 +54,6 @@ var BaseAdvpermEnable = common.Shortcut{
 			return err
 		}
 
-		return handleRoleAPIResponse(runtime, apiResp, "enable advanced permissions failed")
+		return handleRoleResponse(runtime, apiResp.RawBody, "enable advanced permissions failed")
 	},
 }

shortcuts/base/base_advperm_test.go

@@ -196,7 +196,9 @@ func TestBaseAdvpermEnableExecuteAPIError(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	})
 	args := []string{"+advperm-enable", "--base-token", "app_x"}
-	assertProblemCode(t, runShortcut(t, BaseAdvpermEnable, args, factory, stdout), 190001, "bad request")
+	if err := runShortcut(t, BaseAdvpermEnable, args, factory, stdout); err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "190001") {
+		t.Fatalf("err=%v", err)
+	}
 }
 
 func TestBaseAdvpermDisableExecuteTransportError(t *testing.T) {
@@ -224,5 +226,7 @@ func TestBaseAdvpermDisableExecuteAPIError(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	})
 	args := []string{"+advperm-disable", "--base-token", "app_x", "--yes"}
-	assertProblemCode(t, runShortcut(t, BaseAdvpermDisable, args, factory, stdout), 190002, "permission denied")
+	if err := runShortcut(t, BaseAdvpermDisable, args, factory, stdout); err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "190002") {
+		t.Fatalf("err=%v", err)
+	}
 }

shortcuts/base/base_block_ops.go

@@ -55,24 +55,24 @@ func dryRunBaseBlockDelete(_ context.Context, runtime *common.RuntimeContext) *c
 
 func validateBaseBlockCreate(runtime *common.RuntimeContext) error {
 	if strings.TrimSpace(runtime.Str("name")) == "" {
-		return baseFlagErrorf("--name must not be blank")
+		return common.FlagErrorf("--name must not be blank")
 	}
 	if strings.TrimSpace(runtime.Str("type")) == "" {
-		return baseFlagErrorf("--type must not be blank")
+		return common.FlagErrorf("--type must not be blank")
 	}
 	return nil
 }
 
 func validateBaseBlockMove(runtime *common.RuntimeContext) error {
 	if strings.TrimSpace(runtime.Str("before-id")) != "" && strings.TrimSpace(runtime.Str("after-id")) != "" {
-		return baseFlagErrorf("--before-id and --after-id are mutually exclusive")
+		return common.FlagErrorf("--before-id and --after-id are mutually exclusive")
 	}
 	return nil
 }
 
 func validateBaseBlockRename(runtime *common.RuntimeContext) error {
 	if strings.TrimSpace(runtime.Str("name")) == "" {
-		return baseFlagErrorf("--name must not be blank")
+		return common.FlagErrorf("--name must not be blank")
 	}
 	return nil
 }

shortcuts/base/base_data_query.go

@@ -32,12 +32,12 @@ var BaseDataQuery = common.Shortcut{
 		dec := json.NewDecoder(bytes.NewReader([]byte(runtime.Str("dsl"))))
 		dec.UseNumber()
 		if err := dec.Decode(&dsl); err != nil {
-			return baseFlagErrorf("--dsl invalid JSON: %v", err)
+			return common.FlagErrorf("--dsl invalid JSON: %v", err)
 		}
 		_, hasDim := dsl["dimensions"]
 		_, hasMeas := dsl["measures"]
 		if !hasDim && !hasMeas {
-			return baseFlagErrorf("--dsl must contain at least one of 'dimensions' or 'measures'")
+			return common.FlagErrorf("--dsl must contain at least one of 'dimensions' or 'measures'")
 		}
 		return nil
 	},

shortcuts/base/base_errors.go

@@ -4,13 +4,9 @@
 package base
 
 import (
-	"errors"
-	"fmt"
 	"strings"
 
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/extension/fileio"
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/errclass"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/output"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/util"
 )
 
@@ -28,198 +24,76 @@ func handleBaseAPIResult(result interface{}, err error, action string) (map[stri
 // structured ErrAPI, with server-provided message/hint promoted to the top level.
 func handleBaseAPIResultAny(result interface{}, err error, action string) (interface{}, error) {
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, baseAPIBoundaryError(err, action)
+		return nil, output.Errorf(output.ExitAPI, "api_error", "%s: %s", action, err)
 	}
 
-	resultMap, ok := result.(map[string]interface{})
-	if !ok || resultMap == nil {
-		return nil, errs.NewInternalError(errs.SubtypeInvalidResponse, "%s: API returned a malformed response envelope", action)
-	}
-	if _, exists := resultMap["code"]; !exists {
-		return nil, errs.NewInternalError(errs.SubtypeInvalidResponse, "%s: API response is missing code", action)
-	}
-	code, numeric := util.ToFloat64(resultMap["code"])
-	if !numeric {
-		return nil, errs.NewInternalError(errs.SubtypeInvalidResponse, "%s: API response code is not numeric", action)
-	}
+	resultMap, _ := result.(map[string]interface{})
+	code, _ := util.ToFloat64(resultMap["code"])
 	if code == 0 {
 		return resultMap["data"], nil
 	}
 
-	return nil, baseAPIErrorFromResult(resultMap, errclass.ClassifyContext{})
-}
-
-// baseFlagErrorf marks flag-usage failures; it shares baseValidationErrorf's
-// typed envelope and exists so call sites read as flag rejections.
-func baseFlagErrorf(format string, args ...any) error {
-	return baseValidationErrorf(format, args...)
-}
-
-func baseValidationErrorf(format string, args ...any) error {
-	msg := fmt.Sprintf(format, args...)
-	err := errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, "%s", msg)
-	if params := flagParams(msg); len(params) > 0 {
-		err = err.WithParam(params[0].Name).WithParams(params...)
+	larkCode := int(code)
+	msg := extractDataErrorMessage(resultMap)
+	if strings.TrimSpace(msg) == "" {
+		msg, _ = resultMap["msg"].(string)
 	}
-	if cause := firstErrorArg(args); cause != nil {
-		err = err.WithCause(cause)
+
+	detail := extractErrorDetail(resultMap)
+	apiErr := output.ErrAPI(larkCode, msg, detail)
+	hint := extractErrorHint(resultMap)
+	if apiErr.Detail != nil && apiErr.Detail.Hint == "" && hint != "" {
+		apiErr.Detail.Hint = hint
 	}
-	return err
+	if apiErr.Detail != nil {
+		apiErr.Detail.Detail = cleanEmptyBaseErrorDetail(detail)
+	}
+	return nil, apiErr
 }
 
-func flagParams(msg string) []errs.InvalidParam {
-	reason := msg
-	seen := map[string]bool{}
-	params := []errs.InvalidParam{}
-	for start := strings.Index(msg, "--"); start >= 0; start = strings.Index(msg, "--") {
-		end := start + 2
-		for end < len(msg) {
-			ch := msg[end]
-			if (ch >= 'a' && ch <= 'z') || (ch >= 'A' && ch <= 'Z') || (ch >= '0' && ch <= '9') || ch == '-' {
-				end++
-				continue
-			}
-			break
-		}
-		if end > start+2 {
-			name := msg[start:end]
-			if !seen[name] {
-				seen[name] = true
-				params = append(params, errs.InvalidParam{Name: name, Reason: reason})
-			}
-		}
-		msg = msg[end:]
+func cleanEmptyBaseErrorDetail(detail interface{}) interface{} {
+	detailMap, ok := detail.(map[string]interface{})
+	if !ok {
+		return nil
 	}
-	return params
+	for key, value := range detailMap {
+		if value == nil {
+			delete(detailMap, key)
+		}
+	}
+	if len(detailMap) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return detailMap
 }
 
-func firstErrorArg(args []any) error {
-	for _, arg := range args {
-		if err, ok := arg.(error); ok {
-			return err
-		}
+func extractErrorDetail(resultMap map[string]interface{}) interface{} {
+	if detail, ok := nonNilMapValue(resultMap, "error"); ok {
+		return detail
+	}
+	data, _ := resultMap["data"].(map[string]interface{})
+	if detail, ok := nonNilMapValue(data, "error"); ok {
+		return detail
 	}
 	return nil
 }
 
-// baseMissingFileIOError reports a broken runtime wiring: a command that needs
-// local file access was constructed without a FileIO provider. The user cannot
-// fix this by changing flags, so it classifies as internal, not validation.
-func baseMissingFileIOError(format string, args ...any) error {
-	return errs.NewInternalError(errs.SubtypeFileIO, format, args...)
-}
-
-func baseInputStatError(err error) error {
-	if err == nil {
-		return nil
+func nonNilMapValue(src map[string]interface{}, key string) (interface{}, bool) {
+	if src == nil {
+		return nil, false
 	}
-	if errors.Is(err, fileio.ErrPathValidation) {
-		return errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, "unsafe file path: %s", err).WithCause(err)
+	value, ok := src[key]
+	if !ok {
+		return nil, false
 	}
-	return errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, "cannot read file: %s", err).WithCause(err)
-}
-
-func baseSaveError(err error) error {
-	if err == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-	var me *fileio.MkdirError
-	switch {
-	case errors.Is(err, fileio.ErrPathValidation):
-		return errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, "unsafe output path: %s", err).WithCause(err)
-	case errors.As(err, &me):
-		return errs.NewInternalError(errs.SubtypeFileIO, "cannot create parent directory: %s", err).WithCause(err)
+	switch value.(type) {
+	case nil:
+		return nil, false
 	default:
-		return errs.NewInternalError(errs.SubtypeFileIO, "cannot create file: %s", err).WithCause(err)
+		return value, true
 	}
 }
 
-func baseAPIBoundaryError(err error, action string) error {
-	if _, ok := errs.ProblemOf(err); ok {
-		return err
-	}
-	return errs.NewNetworkError(errs.SubtypeNetworkTransport, "%s: %s", action, err).WithCause(err)
-}
-
-func baseUploadAttachmentError(filePath string, err error) error {
-	if p, ok := errs.ProblemOf(err); ok {
-		p.Message = fmt.Sprintf("failed to upload attachment %s: %s", filePath, p.Message)
-		return err
-	}
-	return errs.NewInternalError(errs.SubtypeSDKError, "failed to upload attachment %s: %s", filePath, err).WithCause(err)
-}
-
-func baseAPIErrorFromResult(resultMap map[string]interface{}, cc errclass.ClassifyContext) error {
-	if resultMap == nil {
-		return errs.NewInternalError(errs.SubtypeInvalidResponse, "API returned a malformed response envelope")
-	}
-	if msg := extractDataErrorMessage(resultMap); msg != "" {
-		resultMap["msg"] = msg
-	}
-	hint := extractErrorHint(resultMap)
-	if logID := extractBaseErrorLogID(resultMap); logID != "" {
-		resultMap["log_id"] = logID
-	}
-	err := errclass.BuildAPIError(resultMap, cc)
-	if err == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-	if p, ok := errs.ProblemOf(err); ok && hint != "" {
-		p.Hint = hint
-	}
-	return err
-}
-
-func enrichBaseAPIErrorFromBody(err error, body []byte, cc errclass.ClassifyContext) error {
-	if _, ok := errs.ProblemOf(err); !ok {
-		return err
-	}
-	result, parseErr := decodeBaseV3Response(body)
-	if parseErr != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	enriched := baseAPIErrorFromResult(result, cc)
-	if enriched == nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	src, _ := errs.ProblemOf(enriched)
-	dst, _ := errs.ProblemOf(err)
-	if src != nil && dst != nil {
-		dst.Message = src.Message
-		dst.Hint = src.Hint
-		// A body without log_id must not erase a header-derived LogID
-		// already carried by err.
-		if src.LogID != "" {
-			dst.LogID = src.LogID
-		}
-	}
-	return err
-}
-
-func extractBaseErrorLogID(resultMap map[string]interface{}) string {
-	for _, key := range []string{"log_id", "logid"} {
-		if logID, _ := resultMap[key].(string); strings.TrimSpace(logID) != "" {
-			return strings.TrimSpace(logID)
-		}
-	}
-	if detail, ok := resultMap["error"].(map[string]interface{}); ok {
-		for _, key := range []string{"log_id", "logid"} {
-			if logID, _ := detail[key].(string); strings.TrimSpace(logID) != "" {
-				return strings.TrimSpace(logID)
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	data, _ := resultMap["data"].(map[string]interface{})
-	if detail, ok := data["error"].(map[string]interface{}); ok {
-		for _, key := range []string{"log_id", "logid"} {
-			if logID, _ := detail[key].(string); strings.TrimSpace(logID) != "" {
-				return strings.TrimSpace(logID)
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	return ""
-}
-
 func extractErrorHint(resultMap map[string]interface{}) string {
 	if detail, ok := resultMap["error"].(map[string]interface{}); ok {
 		if hint := consumeStringField(detail, "hint"); hint != "" {

shortcuts/base/base_errors_test.go

@@ -4,15 +4,30 @@
 package base
 
 import (
+	"errors"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
 
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/errclass"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/output"
 )
 
 func TestErrorDetailHelpers(t *testing.T) {
+	if value, ok := nonNilMapValue(nil, "error"); ok || value != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("nil map should not return value")
+	}
+	if value, ok := nonNilMapValue(map[string]interface{}{"error": nil}, "error"); ok || value != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("nil entry should not return value")
+	}
 	detail := map[string]interface{}{"message": "boom", "hint": "retry later"}
+	if value, ok := nonNilMapValue(map[string]interface{}{"error": detail}, "error"); !ok || value == nil {
+		t.Fatalf("expected non-nil detail")
+	}
+	if got := extractErrorDetail(map[string]interface{}{"error": detail}); got == nil {
+		t.Fatalf("expected root detail")
+	}
+	if got := extractErrorDetail(map[string]interface{}{"data": map[string]interface{}{"error": detail}}); got == nil {
+		t.Fatalf("expected nested detail")
+	}
 	if got := extractErrorHint(map[string]interface{}{"data": map[string]interface{}{"error": detail}}); got != "retry later" {
 		t.Fatalf("hint=%q", got)
 	}
@@ -38,12 +53,9 @@ func TestHandleBaseAPIResultErrorPaths(t *testing.T) {
 	if _, err := handleBaseAPIResultAny(result, nil, "set filter"); err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "invalid filter") {
 		t.Fatalf("err=%v", err)
 	} else {
-		p, ok := errs.ProblemOf(err)
-		if !ok || p.Code != 190001 {
-			t.Fatalf("expected typed code 190001, got %T %v", err, err)
-		}
-		if p.Hint != "check field name" {
-			t.Fatalf("hint=%q", p.Hint)
+		var exitErr *output.ExitError
+		if !errors.As(err, &exitErr) || exitErr.Detail == nil || exitErr.Detail.Code != 190001 {
+			t.Fatalf("expected structured code 190001, got %v", err)
 		}
 	}
 	if _, err := handleBaseAPIResult(result, nil, "set filter"); err == nil {
@@ -51,7 +63,7 @@ func TestHandleBaseAPIResultErrorPaths(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-func TestHandleBaseAPIResultPromotesBaseErrorFields(t *testing.T) {
+func TestHandleBaseAPIResultCleansBaseErrorDetail(t *testing.T) {
 	result := map[string]interface{}{
 		"code": 800010407,
 		"msg":  "cell value invalid",
@@ -75,27 +87,55 @@ func TestHandleBaseAPIResultPromotesBaseErrorFields(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	_, err := handleBaseAPIResultAny(result, nil, "API call failed")
-	p, ok := errs.ProblemOf(err)
-	if !ok {
-		t.Fatalf("expected typed error, got %T %v", err, err)
+	var exitErr *output.ExitError
+	if !errors.As(err, &exitErr) || exitErr.Detail == nil {
+		t.Fatalf("expected structured exit error, got %v", err)
 	}
-	if p.Code != 800010407 {
-		t.Fatalf("code=%d", p.Code)
+
+	errDetail := exitErr.Detail
+	if errDetail.Code != 800010407 {
+		t.Fatalf("code=%d", errDetail.Code)
 	}
-	if p.Message != "The cell value does not match the expected input shape." {
-		t.Fatalf("message=%q", p.Message)
+	if errDetail.Hint != "Provide a number value." {
+		t.Fatalf("hint=%q", errDetail.Hint)
 	}
-	if p.Hint != "Provide a number value." {
-		t.Fatalf("hint=%q", p.Hint)
+	detail, _ := errDetail.Detail.(map[string]interface{})
+	if detail == nil {
+		t.Fatalf("expected cleaned detail, got %#v", errDetail.Detail)
 	}
-	if p.LogID != "20260508160000000000000000000000" {
-		t.Fatalf("logID=%q", p.LogID)
+	if _, exists := detail["message"]; exists {
+		t.Fatalf("detail should not repeat message: %#v", detail)
+	}
+	if _, exists := detail["hint"]; exists {
+		t.Fatalf("detail should not repeat hint: %#v", detail)
+	}
+	if _, exists := detail["docs_url"]; exists {
+		t.Fatalf("detail should omit nil docs_url: %#v", detail)
+	}
+	if detail["level"] != "error" {
+		t.Fatalf("detail should preserve non-duplicate fields: %#v", detail)
+	}
+	if detail["extra_context"] != "future detail field" {
+		t.Fatalf("detail should pass through unknown non-nil fields: %#v", detail)
+	}
+	if detail["path"] != "Amount" || detail["value"] != "abc" {
+		t.Fatalf("cleaned detail mismatch: %#v", detail)
+	}
+	if detail["logid"] != "20260508160000000000000000000000" {
+		t.Fatalf("logid=%q", detail["logid"])
+	}
+	if retryable, ok := detail["retryable"].(bool); !ok || retryable {
+		t.Fatalf("retryable=%v", detail["retryable"])
+	}
+	table, _ := detail["table"].(map[string]interface{})
+	if table["id"] != "tbl_1" || table["name"] != "Orders" {
+		t.Fatalf("table=%#v", detail["table"])
 	}
 }
 
-func TestHandleBaseAPIResultClassifiesKnownPermissionCode(t *testing.T) {
+func TestHandleBaseAPIResultAlwaysRemovesMessageAndHintFromDetail(t *testing.T) {
 	result := map[string]interface{}{
-		"code": 99991676,
+		"code": output.LarkErrTokenNoPermission,
 		"msg":  "permission denied",
 		"data": map[string]interface{}{
 			"error": map[string]interface{}{
@@ -106,15 +146,15 @@ func TestHandleBaseAPIResultClassifiesKnownPermissionCode(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	_, err := handleBaseAPIResultAny(result, nil, "API call failed")
-	p, ok := errs.ProblemOf(err)
-	if !ok {
-		t.Fatalf("expected typed error, got %T %v", err, err)
+	var exitErr *output.ExitError
+	if !errors.As(err, &exitErr) || exitErr.Detail == nil {
+		t.Fatalf("expected structured exit error, got %v", err)
 	}
-	if p.Code != 99991676 {
-		t.Fatalf("code=%d", p.Code)
+	if exitErr.Detail.Message != "Permission denied [99991676]" {
+		t.Fatalf("message=%q", exitErr.Detail.Message)
 	}
-	if p.Category != errs.CategoryAuthorization || p.Subtype != errs.SubtypeTokenScopeInsufficient {
-		t.Fatalf("category/subtype=%s/%s", p.Category, p.Subtype)
+	if exitErr.Detail.Detail != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("detail should be empty after removing message and hint: %#v", exitErr.Detail.Detail)
 	}
 }
 
@@ -127,91 +167,16 @@ func TestAttachBaseResponseLogIDFromHeader(t *testing.T) {
 	attachBaseErrorLogID(result, "20260508170000000000000000000000")
 
 	_, err := handleBaseAPIResultAny(result, nil, "API call failed")
-	p, ok := errs.ProblemOf(err)
-	if !ok {
-		t.Fatalf("expected typed error, got %T %v", err, err)
+	var exitErr *output.ExitError
+	if !errors.As(err, &exitErr) || exitErr.Detail == nil {
+		t.Fatalf("expected structured exit error, got %v", err)
 	}
-	if p.LogID != "20260508170000000000000000000000" {
-		t.Fatalf("logID=%q", p.LogID)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestHandleBaseAPIResultRejectsNonNumericCode(t *testing.T) {
-	for _, code := range []interface{}{"oops", map[string]interface{}{}, nil} {
-		result := map[string]interface{}{"code": code, "msg": "weird envelope"}
-		_, err := handleBaseAPIResultAny(result, nil, "list tables")
-		p, ok := errs.ProblemOf(err)
-		if !ok {
-			t.Fatalf("code=%#v: expected typed error, got %T %v", code, err, err)
-		}
-		if p.Category != errs.CategoryInternal || p.Subtype != errs.SubtypeInvalidResponse {
-			t.Fatalf("code=%#v: category/subtype=%s/%s", code, p.Category, p.Subtype)
-		}
-		if !strings.Contains(p.Message, "list tables") {
-			t.Fatalf("code=%#v: message=%q", code, p.Message)
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-func TestEnrichBaseAPIErrorFromBodyLogIDMerge(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Run("body without log_id keeps header-derived LogID", func(t *testing.T) {
-		outer := errs.NewAPIError(errs.SubtypeUnknown, "outer failure").WithCode(190001).WithLogID("header-log-id")
-		err := enrichBaseAPIErrorFromBody(outer, []byte(`{"code":190001,"msg":"boom"}`), errclass.ClassifyContext{})
-		p, ok := errs.ProblemOf(err)
-		if !ok {
-			t.Fatalf("expected typed error, got %T %v", err, err)
-		}
-		if p.Message != "boom" {
-			t.Fatalf("message=%q", p.Message)
-		}
-		if p.LogID != "header-log-id" {
-			t.Fatalf("logID=%q, want header-log-id", p.LogID)
-		}
-	})
-
-	t.Run("body log_id overrides header-derived LogID", func(t *testing.T) {
-		outer := errs.NewAPIError(errs.SubtypeUnknown, "outer failure").WithCode(190001).WithLogID("header-log-id")
-		body := `{"code":190001,"msg":"boom","data":{"error":{"logid":"body-log-id"}}}`
-		err := enrichBaseAPIErrorFromBody(outer, []byte(body), errclass.ClassifyContext{})
-		p, ok := errs.ProblemOf(err)
-		if !ok {
-			t.Fatalf("expected typed error, got %T %v", err, err)
-		}
-		if p.LogID != "body-log-id" {
-			t.Fatalf("logID=%q, want body-log-id", p.LogID)
-		}
-	})
-}
-
-func TestBaseMissingFileIOErrorIsInternal(t *testing.T) {
-	p, ok := errs.ProblemOf(baseMissingFileIOError("file operations require a FileIO provider"))
-	if !ok {
-		t.Fatal("expected typed error")
-	}
-	if p.Category != errs.CategoryInternal || p.Subtype != errs.SubtypeFileIO {
-		t.Fatalf("category/subtype=%s/%s", p.Category, p.Subtype)
+	detail, _ := exitErr.Detail.Detail.(map[string]interface{})
+	if detail["logid"] != "20260508170000000000000000000000" {
+		t.Fatalf("logid=%q", detail["logid"])
 	}
 }
 
 type assertErr struct{}
 
 func (assertErr) Error() string { return "network timeout" }
-
-func assertProblemCode(t *testing.T, err error, code int, messageParts ...string) {
-	t.Helper()
-	if err == nil {
-		t.Fatalf("expected error with code %d", code)
-	}
-	p, ok := errs.ProblemOf(err)
-	if !ok {
-		t.Fatalf("expected typed problem, got %T %v", err, err)
-	}
-	if p.Code != code {
-		t.Fatalf("code=%d, want %d; err=%v", p.Code, code, err)
-	}
-	for _, part := range messageParts {
-		if !strings.Contains(p.Message, part) {
-			t.Fatalf("message=%q missing %q", p.Message, part)
-		}
-	}
-}

shortcuts/base/base_execute_test.go

@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
 
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/httpmock"
@@ -514,65 +513,6 @@ func TestBaseBlockExecuteShortcuts(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-func TestBaseBlockValidationReturnsTypedErrors(t *testing.T) {
-	factory, stdout, _ := newExecuteFactory(t)
-	tests := []struct {
-		name     string
-		shortcut common.Shortcut
-		args     []string
-		params   []string
-	}{
-		{
-			name:     "create blank name",
-			shortcut: BaseBaseBlockCreate,
-			args:     []string{"+base-block-create", "--base-token", "app_x", "--type", "docx", "--name", " "},
-			params:   []string{"--name"},
-		},
-		{
-			name:     "move conflicting sibling anchors",
-			shortcut: BaseBaseBlockMove,
-			args:     []string{"+base-block-move", "--base-token", "app_x", "--block-id", "blk_doc", "--before-id", "blk_a", "--after-id", "blk_b"},
-			params:   []string{"--before-id", "--after-id"},
-		},
-		{
-			name:     "rename blank name",
-			shortcut: BaseBaseBlockRename,
-			args:     []string{"+base-block-rename", "--base-token", "app_x", "--block-id", "blk_doc", "--name", " "},
-			params:   []string{"--name"},
-		},
-	}
-	for _, tt := range tests {
-		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			err := runShortcut(t, tt.shortcut, tt.args, factory, stdout)
-			p, ok := errs.ProblemOf(err)
-			if !ok {
-				t.Fatalf("expected typed problem, got %T %v", err, err)
-			}
-			if p.Category != errs.CategoryValidation || p.Subtype != errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument {
-				t.Fatalf("category/subtype=%s/%s", p.Category, p.Subtype)
-			}
-			var validationErr *errs.ValidationError
-			if !errors.As(err, &validationErr) {
-				t.Fatalf("expected ValidationError, got %T %v", err, err)
-			}
-			if validationErr.Param != tt.params[0] {
-				t.Fatalf("param=%q, want %q", validationErr.Param, tt.params[0])
-			}
-			if len(validationErr.Params) != len(tt.params) {
-				t.Fatalf("params=%#v, want %v", validationErr.Params, tt.params)
-			}
-			for i, param := range tt.params {
-				if validationErr.Params[i].Name != param {
-					t.Fatalf("params=%#v, want %v", validationErr.Params, tt.params)
-				}
-				if validationErr.Params[i].Reason == "" {
-					t.Fatalf("params[%d] missing reason: %#v", i, validationErr.Params)
-				}
-			}
-		})
-	}
-}
-
 func TestBaseHistoryExecute(t *testing.T) {
 	factory, stdout, reg := newExecuteFactory(t)
 	reg.Register(&httpmock.Stub{
@@ -931,10 +871,10 @@ func TestBaseTableExecuteReadAndDelete(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Run("list-http-404", func(t *testing.T) {
 		factory, stdout, reg := newExecuteFactory(t)
 		reg.Register(&httpmock.Stub{
-			Method:  "GET",
-			URL:     "/open-apis/base/v3/bases/app_x/tables",
-			Status:  404,
-			RawBody: []byte("404 page not found"),
+			Method: "GET",
+			URL:    "/open-apis/base/v3/bases/app_x/tables",
+			Status: 404,
+			Body:   "404 page not found",
 			Headers: map[string][]string{
 				"Content-Type": {"text/plain"},
 			},
@@ -2153,9 +2093,6 @@ func TestBaseRecordExecuteReadCreateDelete(t *testing.T) {
 		if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "exceeds 2GB limit") {
 			t.Fatalf("err=%v", err)
 		}
-		if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), filepath.Base(tmpFile.Name())) {
-			t.Fatalf("err=%v should name the offending file", err)
-		}
 	})
 
 	t.Run("upload attachment rejects deprecated name flag", func(t *testing.T) {
@@ -2325,23 +2262,6 @@ func TestBaseRecordExecuteReadCreateDelete(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	})
 
-	t.Run("download surfaces unsafe output path instead of directory hint", func(t *testing.T) {
-		factory, stdout, _ := newExecuteFactory(t)
-		tmpDir := t.TempDir()
-		withBaseWorkingDir(t, tmpDir)
-
-		err := runShortcut(t, BaseRecordDownloadAttachment, []string{
-			"+record-download-attachment",
-			"--base-token", "app_x",
-			"--table-id", "tbl_x",
-			"--record-id", "rec_x",
-			"--output", "../escape",
-		}, factory, stdout)
-		if err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "unsafe output path") {
-			t.Fatalf("err=%v", err)
-		}
-	})
-
 	t.Run("download all disambiguates duplicate attachment names with file token", func(t *testing.T) {
 		factory, stdout, reg := newExecuteFactory(t)
 		reg.Register(&httpmock.Stub{
@@ -2538,37 +2458,21 @@ func TestBaseRecordExecuteReadCreateDelete(t *testing.T) {
 			"--record-id", "rec_x",
 			"--output", "downloads",
 		}, factory, stdout)
-		if err == nil {
+		if err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "download failed after 1 attachment(s) succeeded and 1 failed") {
 			t.Fatalf("err=%v", err)
 		}
-		var partialErr *output.PartialFailureError
-		if !errors.As(err, &partialErr) {
-			t.Fatalf("expected partial failure error, got %T %v", err, err)
+		var exitErr *output.ExitError
+		if !errors.As(err, &exitErr) || exitErr.Detail == nil {
+			t.Fatalf("expected structured error, got %T %v", err, err)
 		}
-
-		var envelope map[string]interface{}
-		if err := json.Unmarshal(stdout.Bytes(), &envelope); err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("failed to decode partial failure output: %v\nraw=%s", err, stdout.String())
+		detail, _ := exitErr.Detail.Detail.(map[string]interface{})
+		downloaded, _ := detail["downloaded"].([]map[string]interface{})
+		failed, _ := detail["failed"].([]map[string]interface{})
+		if len(downloaded) != 1 || downloaded[0]["file_token"] != "box_a" || len(failed) != 1 || failed[0]["file_token"] != "box_b" {
+			t.Fatalf("detail=%#v", exitErr.Detail.Detail)
 		}
-		if envelope["ok"] != false {
-			t.Fatalf("ok=%#v, want false; envelope=%#v", envelope["ok"], envelope)
-		}
-		data, _ := envelope["data"].(map[string]interface{})
-		if msg, _ := data["message"].(string); !strings.Contains(msg, "download failed after 1 attachment(s) succeeded and 1 failed") {
-			t.Fatalf("message=%q", msg)
-		}
-		downloaded, _ := data["downloaded"].([]interface{})
-		failed, _ := data["failed"].([]interface{})
-		if len(downloaded) != 1 || len(failed) != 1 {
-			t.Fatalf("data=%#v", data)
-		}
-		downloadedItem, _ := downloaded[0].(map[string]interface{})
-		failedItem, _ := failed[0].(map[string]interface{})
-		if downloadedItem["file_token"] != "box_a" || failedItem["file_token"] != "box_b" {
-			t.Fatalf("data=%#v", data)
-		}
-		if data["log_id"] != "202605270001" {
-			t.Fatalf("data=%#v, want log_id", data)
+		if detail["log_id"] != "202605270001" {
+			t.Fatalf("detail=%#v, want log_id", exitErr.Detail.Detail)
 		}
 		if _, err := os.Stat(filepath.Join(tmpDir, "downloads", "a.txt")); err != nil {
 			t.Fatalf("expected first file to remain: %v", err)

shortcuts/base/base_form_questions_create.go

@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ var BaseFormQuestionsCreate = common.Shortcut{
 
 		var questions []interface{}
 		if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(questionsJSON), &questions); err != nil {
-			return baseValidationErrorf("--questions must be a valid JSON array: %s", err)
+			return output.Errorf(output.ExitValidation, "invalid_json", "--questions must be a valid JSON array: %s", err)
 		}
 
 		data, err := baseV3Call(runtime, "POST",

shortcuts/base/base_form_questions_delete.go

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"encoding/json"
 
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/output"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/shortcuts/common"
 )
 
@@ -42,7 +43,7 @@ var BaseFormQuestionsDelete = common.Shortcut{
 
 		var questionIds []string
 		if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(questionIdsJSON), &questionIds); err != nil {
-			return baseValidationErrorf("--question-ids must be a valid JSON array of strings: %s", err)
+			return output.Errorf(output.ExitValidation, "invalid_json", "--question-ids must be a valid JSON array of strings: %s", err)
 		}
 
 		_, err := baseV3Call(runtime, "DELETE",

shortcuts/base/base_form_questions_update.go

@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ var BaseFormQuestionsUpdate = common.Shortcut{
 
 		var questions []interface{}
 		if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(questionsJSON), &questions); err != nil {
-			return baseValidationErrorf("--questions must be a valid JSON array: %s", err)
+			return output.Errorf(output.ExitValidation, "invalid_json", "--questions must be a valid JSON array: %s", err)
 		}
 
 		data, err := baseV3Call(runtime, "PATCH",

shortcuts/base/base_form_submit.go

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ import (
 	"golang.org/x/sync/errgroup"
 
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/extension/fileio"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/output"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/validate"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/shortcuts/common"
 )
@@ -61,31 +62,31 @@ func validateFormSubmit(runtime *common.RuntimeContext) error {
 	attachments, hasAttachments := raw["attachments"]
 
 	if !hasAttachments && fields == nil {
-		return baseFlagErrorf("--json must contain at least \"fields\" or \"attachments\"")
+		return common.FlagErrorf("--json must contain at least \"fields\" or \"attachments\"")
 	}
 
 	if hasAttachments {
 		// 有附件时 --base-token 必填（上传附件到 Base Drive Media 需要）
 		if runtime.Str("base-token") == "" {
-			return baseFlagErrorf("--base-token is required when --json contains \"attachments\"")
+			return common.FlagErrorf("--base-token is required when --json contains \"attachments\"")
 		}
 
 		attMap, ok := attachments.(map[string]interface{})
 		if !ok {
-			return baseFlagErrorf("--json.attachments must be a JSON object mapping field names to file path arrays")
+			return common.FlagErrorf("--json.attachments must be a JSON object mapping field names to file path arrays")
 		}
 		for fieldName, value := range attMap {
 			paths, ok := value.([]interface{})
 			if !ok {
-				return baseFlagErrorf("--json.attachments.%q must be a file path array, got %T", fieldName, value)
+				return common.FlagErrorf("--json.attachments.%q must be a file path array, got %T", fieldName, value)
 			}
 			for i, item := range paths {
 				if _, ok := item.(string); !ok {
-					return baseFlagErrorf("--json.attachments.%q[%d] must be a file path string, got %T", fieldName, i, item)
+					return common.FlagErrorf("--json.attachments.%q[%d] must be a file path string, got %T", fieldName, i, item)
 				}
 			}
 			if len(paths) == 0 {
-				return baseFlagErrorf("--json.attachments.%q must not be empty; remove it or provide at least one file path", fieldName)
+				return common.FlagErrorf("--json.attachments.%q must not be empty; remove it or provide at least one file path", fieldName)
 			}
 		}
 	}
@@ -110,21 +111,21 @@ func parseFormSubmitJSON(runtime *common.RuntimeContext) (map[string]interface{}
 	if attachments, ok := raw["attachments"]; ok {
 		attObj, ok := attachments.(map[string]interface{})
 		if !ok {
-			return nil, nil, baseFlagErrorf(`--json.attachments must be a JSON object mapping field names to file path arrays`)
+			return nil, nil, common.FlagErrorf(`--json.attachments must be a JSON object mapping field names to file path arrays`)
 		}
 		if len(attObj) > 0 {
 			attMap = make(map[string][]string, len(attObj))
 			for fieldName, value := range attObj {
 				paths, ok := value.([]interface{})
 				if !ok {
-					return nil, nil, baseFlagErrorf("--json.attachments.%q must be a file path array, got %T", fieldName, value)
+					return nil, nil, common.FlagErrorf("--json.attachments.%q must be a file path array, got %T", fieldName, value)
 				}
 				filePaths := make([]string, 0, len(paths))
 				for _, item := range paths {
 					if s, ok := item.(string); ok {
 						filePaths = append(filePaths, s)
 					} else {
-						return nil, nil, baseFlagErrorf("--json.attachments.%q must contain file path strings only, got %T", fieldName, item)
+						return nil, nil, common.FlagErrorf("--json.attachments.%q must contain file path strings only, got %T", fieldName, item)
 					}
 				}
 				if len(filePaths) > 0 {
@@ -194,33 +195,33 @@ func executeFormSubmit(runtime *common.RuntimeContext) error {
 		baseToken := runtime.Str("base-token")
 		fio := runtime.FileIO()
 		if fio == nil {
-			return baseMissingFileIOError("file operations require a FileIO provider (needed for attachments in --json)")
+			return output.ErrValidation("file operations require a FileIO provider (needed for attachments in --json)")
 		}
 
 		// Step 1: 收集所有唯一路径（跨字段去重）
 		allPaths := collectUniquePaths(attachmentMap)
 		if len(allPaths) == 0 {
-			return baseFlagErrorf("attachments in --json contains no valid file paths")
+			return common.FlagErrorf("attachments in --json contains no valid file paths")
 		}
 
 		// Step 2: 前置校验所有文件路径安全性与可访问性，同时收集文件大小供上传使用
 		sizeMap := make(map[string]int64, len(allPaths))
 		for _, filePath := range allPaths {
 			if _, err := validate.SafeInputPath(filePath); err != nil {
-				return baseValidationErrorf("unsafe attachment file path: %s: %v", filePath, err)
+				return output.ErrValidation("unsafe attachment file path: %s: %v", filePath, err)
 			}
 			fileInfo, err := fio.Stat(filePath)
 			if err != nil {
 				if errors.Is(err, fileio.ErrPathValidation) {
-					return baseValidationErrorf("unsafe attachment file path: %s: %v", filePath, err)
+					return output.ErrValidation("unsafe attachment file path: %s: %v", filePath, err)
 				}
-				return baseValidationErrorf("attachment file not accessible: %s: %v", filePath, err)
+				return output.ErrValidation("attachment file not accessible: %s: %v", filePath, err)
 			}
 			if fileInfo.Size() > baseAttachmentUploadMaxFileSize {
-				return baseValidationErrorf("attachment file %s exceeds 2GB limit", filePath)
+				return output.ErrValidation("attachment file %s exceeds 2GB limit", filePath)
 			}
 			if !fileInfo.Mode().IsRegular() {
-				return baseValidationErrorf("attachment file %s is not a regular file", filePath)
+				return output.ErrValidation("attachment file %s is not a regular file", filePath)
 			}
 			sizeMap[filePath] = fileInfo.Size()
 		}
@@ -327,7 +328,7 @@ func uploadAttachmentsParallel(runtime *common.RuntimeContext, paths []string, t
 func uploadSingleAttachment(runtime *common.RuntimeContext, filePath, fileName string, fileSize int64, target baseAttachmentUploadTarget) (interface{}, error) {
 	att, err := uploadAttachmentToBase(runtime, filePath, fileName, fileSize, target)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, baseUploadAttachmentError(filePath, err)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to upload attachment %s: %w", filePath, err)
 	}
 	return att, nil
 }

shortcuts/base/base_role_common.go

@@ -5,10 +5,9 @@ package base
 
 import (
 	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
 
-	larkcore "github.com/larksuite/oapi-sdk-go/v3/core"
-
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/output"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/shortcuts/common"
 )
 
@@ -18,14 +17,6 @@ import (
 //   - Inner: business-level code/message inside the data object
 //
 // The data field may be a JSON object (actual behavior) or a JSON string (per doc).
-func handleRoleAPIResponse(runtime *common.RuntimeContext, apiResp *larkcore.ApiResp, action string) error {
-	if _, err := runtime.ClassifyAPIResponse(apiResp); err != nil {
-		enriched := enrichBaseAPIErrorFromBody(err, apiResp.RawBody, runtime.APIClassifyContext())
-		return prefixRoleActionError(enriched, action)
-	}
-	return handleRoleResponse(runtime, apiResp.RawBody, action)
-}
-
 func handleRoleResponse(runtime *common.RuntimeContext, rawBody []byte, action string) error {
 	var resp struct {
 		Code int             `json:"code"`
@@ -33,17 +24,23 @@ func handleRoleResponse(runtime *common.RuntimeContext, rawBody []byte, action s
 		Data json.RawMessage `json:"data"`
 	}
 	if err := json.Unmarshal(rawBody, &resp); err != nil {
-		return errs.NewInternalError(errs.SubtypeInvalidResponse, "%s: failed to parse response: %v", action, err).WithCause(err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to parse response: %v", err)
 	}
 	if resp.Code != 0 {
-		result := map[string]interface{}{"code": resp.Code, "msg": resp.Msg}
-		if len(resp.Data) > 0 {
-			var data interface{}
-			if json.Unmarshal(resp.Data, &data) == nil {
-				result["data"] = data
+		msg := resp.Msg
+		// When outer msg is empty, try to extract error details from data.error.message
+		if msg == "" && len(resp.Data) > 0 {
+			var errData struct {
+				Error struct {
+					Message string `json:"message"`
+					Hint    string `json:"hint"`
+				} `json:"error"`
+			}
+			if json.Unmarshal(resp.Data, &errData) == nil && errData.Error.Message != "" {
+				msg = errData.Error.Message
 			}
 		}
-		return baseRoleAPIError(runtime, result, action)
+		return output.ErrAPI(resp.Code, fmt.Sprintf("%s: [%d] %s", action, resp.Code, msg), nil)
 	}
 
 	if len(resp.Data) == 0 || string(resp.Data) == "null" || string(resp.Data) == `""` {
@@ -78,8 +75,7 @@ func handleRoleResponse(runtime *common.RuntimeContext, rawBody []byte, action s
 			}
 			if codeInt != 0 {
 				msg, _ := m["message"].(string)
-				result := map[string]interface{}{"code": codeInt, "msg": msg, "data": m}
-				return baseRoleAPIError(runtime, result, action)
+				return output.ErrAPI(codeInt, fmt.Sprintf("%s: [%d] %s", action, codeInt, msg), nil)
 			}
 			// code == 0, extract the inner data if present
 			if innerData, hasInner := m["data"]; hasInner {
@@ -102,20 +98,3 @@ func handleRoleResponse(runtime *common.RuntimeContext, rawBody []byte, action s
 	runtime.Out(data, nil)
 	return nil
 }
-
-func baseRoleAPIError(runtime *common.RuntimeContext, result map[string]interface{}, action string) error {
-	return prefixRoleActionError(baseAPIErrorFromResult(result, runtime.APIClassifyContext()), action)
-}
-
-// prefixRoleActionError prepends the failed role action ("create role failed",
-// "get role failed", ...) to a typed error's message so both the classified
-// outer-response path and the parsed-body path carry the same context.
-func prefixRoleActionError(err error, action string) error {
-	if err == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-	if p, ok := errs.ProblemOf(err); ok && action != "" {
-		p.Message = action + ": " + p.Message
-	}
-	return err
-}

shortcuts/base/base_role_create.go

@@ -34,11 +34,11 @@ var BaseRoleCreate = common.Shortcut{
 	},
 	Validate: func(ctx context.Context, runtime *common.RuntimeContext) error {
 		if strings.TrimSpace(runtime.Str("base-token")) == "" {
-			return baseFlagErrorf("--base-token must not be blank")
+			return common.FlagErrorf("--base-token must not be blank")
 		}
 		var body map[string]any
 		if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(runtime.Str("json")), &body); err != nil {
-			return baseFlagErrorf("--json must be valid JSON: %v", err)
+			return common.FlagErrorf("--json must be valid JSON: %v", err)
 		}
 		return nil
 	},
@@ -64,6 +64,6 @@ var BaseRoleCreate = common.Shortcut{
 			return err
 		}
 
-		return handleRoleAPIResponse(runtime, apiResp, "create role failed")
+		return handleRoleResponse(runtime, apiResp.RawBody, "create role failed")
 	},
 }

shortcuts/base/base_role_delete.go

@@ -34,10 +34,10 @@ var BaseRoleDelete = common.Shortcut{
 	},
 	Validate: func(ctx context.Context, runtime *common.RuntimeContext) error {
 		if strings.TrimSpace(runtime.Str("base-token")) == "" {
-			return baseFlagErrorf("--base-token must not be blank")
+			return common.FlagErrorf("--base-token must not be blank")
 		}
 		if strings.TrimSpace(runtime.Str("role-id")) == "" {
-			return baseFlagErrorf("--role-id must not be blank")
+			return common.FlagErrorf("--role-id must not be blank")
 		}
 		return nil
 	},
@@ -60,6 +60,6 @@ var BaseRoleDelete = common.Shortcut{
 			return err
 		}
 
-		return handleRoleAPIResponse(runtime, apiResp, "delete role failed")
+		return handleRoleResponse(runtime, apiResp.RawBody, "delete role failed")
 	},
 }

shortcuts/base/base_role_get.go

@@ -33,10 +33,10 @@ var BaseRoleGet = common.Shortcut{
 	},
 	Validate: func(ctx context.Context, runtime *common.RuntimeContext) error {
 		if strings.TrimSpace(runtime.Str("base-token")) == "" {
-			return baseFlagErrorf("--base-token must not be blank")
+			return common.FlagErrorf("--base-token must not be blank")
 		}
 		if strings.TrimSpace(runtime.Str("role-id")) == "" {
-			return baseFlagErrorf("--role-id must not be blank")
+			return common.FlagErrorf("--role-id must not be blank")
 		}
 		return nil
 	},
@@ -58,6 +58,6 @@ var BaseRoleGet = common.Shortcut{
 			return err
 		}
 
-		return handleRoleAPIResponse(runtime, apiResp, "get role failed")
+		return handleRoleResponse(runtime, apiResp.RawBody, "get role failed")
 	},
 }

shortcuts/base/base_role_list.go

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ var BaseRoleList = common.Shortcut{
 	},
 	Validate: func(ctx context.Context, runtime *common.RuntimeContext) error {
 		if strings.TrimSpace(runtime.Str("base-token")) == "" {
-			return baseFlagErrorf("--base-token must not be blank")
+			return common.FlagErrorf("--base-token must not be blank")
 		}
 		return nil
 	},
@@ -52,6 +52,6 @@ var BaseRoleList = common.Shortcut{
 			return err
 		}
 
-		return handleRoleAPIResponse(runtime, apiResp, "list roles failed")
+		return handleRoleResponse(runtime, apiResp.RawBody, "list roles failed")
 	},
 }

shortcuts/base/base_role_test.go

@@ -375,7 +375,9 @@ func TestBaseRoleCreateExecuteAPIError(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	})
 	args := []string{"+role-create", "--base-token", "app_x", "--json", `{"role_name":"Bad"}`}
-	assertProblemCode(t, runShortcut(t, BaseRoleCreate, args, factory, stdout), 190001, "create role failed", "bad request")
+	if err := runShortcut(t, BaseRoleCreate, args, factory, stdout); err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "190001") {
+		t.Fatalf("err=%v", err)
+	}
 }
 
 func TestBaseRoleListExecuteTransportError(t *testing.T) {
@@ -403,7 +405,9 @@ func TestBaseRoleListExecuteAPIError(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	})
 	args := []string{"+role-list", "--base-token", "app_x"}
-	assertProblemCode(t, runShortcut(t, BaseRoleList, args, factory, stdout), 190002, "not found")
+	if err := runShortcut(t, BaseRoleList, args, factory, stdout); err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "190002") {
+		t.Fatalf("err=%v", err)
+	}
 }
 
 func TestBaseRoleDeleteExecuteAPIError(t *testing.T) {
@@ -417,7 +421,9 @@ func TestBaseRoleDeleteExecuteAPIError(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	})
 	args := []string{"+role-delete", "--base-token", "app_x", "--role-id", "rol_1", "--yes"}
-	assertProblemCode(t, runShortcut(t, BaseRoleDelete, args, factory, stdout), 190003, "forbidden")
+	if err := runShortcut(t, BaseRoleDelete, args, factory, stdout); err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "190003") {
+		t.Fatalf("err=%v", err)
+	}
 }
 
 func TestBaseRoleUpdateExecuteAPIError(t *testing.T) {
@@ -431,7 +437,9 @@ func TestBaseRoleUpdateExecuteAPIError(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	})
 	args := []string{"+role-update", "--base-token", "app_x", "--role-id", "rol_1", "--json", `{"role_name":"X"}`, "--yes"}
-	assertProblemCode(t, runShortcut(t, BaseRoleUpdate, args, factory, stdout), 190004, "invalid params")
+	if err := runShortcut(t, BaseRoleUpdate, args, factory, stdout); err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "190004") {
+		t.Fatalf("err=%v", err)
+	}
 }
 
 func TestBaseRoleGetExecuteBusinessError(t *testing.T) {
@@ -449,7 +457,9 @@ func TestBaseRoleGetExecuteBusinessError(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	})
 	args := []string{"+role-get", "--base-token", "app_x", "--role-id", "rol_bad"}
-	assertProblemCode(t, runShortcut(t, BaseRoleGet, args, factory, stdout), 100001, "role not found")
+	if err := runShortcut(t, BaseRoleGet, args, factory, stdout); err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "100001") || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "role not found") {
+		t.Fatalf("err=%v", err)
+	}
 }
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -477,7 +487,9 @@ func TestHandleRoleResponse(t *testing.T) {
 
 	t.Run("outer error code", func(t *testing.T) {
 		rt := newRoleResponseRuntime(t)
-		assertProblemCode(t, handleRoleResponse(rt, []byte(`{"code":999,"msg":"outer error"}`), "test"), 999, "outer error")
+		if err := handleRoleResponse(rt, []byte(`{"code":999,"msg":"outer error"}`), "test"); err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "999") {
+			t.Fatalf("err=%v", err)
+		}
 	})
 
 	t.Run("outer error code with empty msg and data.error.message", func(t *testing.T) {
@@ -562,7 +574,9 @@ func TestHandleRoleResponse(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Run("business code non-zero", func(t *testing.T) {
 		rt := newRoleResponseRuntime(t)
 		body := `{"code":0,"msg":"ok","data":{"code":50001,"message":"permission denied"}}`
-		assertProblemCode(t, handleRoleResponse(rt, []byte(body), "test"), 50001, "permission denied")
+		if err := handleRoleResponse(rt, []byte(body), "test"); err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "50001") {
+			t.Fatalf("err=%v", err)
+		}
 	})
 
 	t.Run("data is array", func(t *testing.T) {

shortcuts/base/base_role_update.go

@@ -36,14 +36,14 @@ var BaseRoleUpdate = common.Shortcut{
 	},
 	Validate: func(ctx context.Context, runtime *common.RuntimeContext) error {
 		if strings.TrimSpace(runtime.Str("base-token")) == "" {
-			return baseFlagErrorf("--base-token must not be blank")
+			return common.FlagErrorf("--base-token must not be blank")
 		}
 		if strings.TrimSpace(runtime.Str("role-id")) == "" {
-			return baseFlagErrorf("--role-id must not be blank")
+			return common.FlagErrorf("--role-id must not be blank")
 		}
 		var body map[string]any
 		if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(runtime.Str("json")), &body); err != nil {
-			return baseFlagErrorf("--json must be valid JSON: %v", err)
+			return common.FlagErrorf("--json must be valid JSON: %v", err)
 		}
 		return nil
 	},
@@ -72,6 +72,6 @@ var BaseRoleUpdate = common.Shortcut{
 			return err
 		}
 
-		return handleRoleAPIResponse(runtime, apiResp, "update role failed")
+		return handleRoleResponse(runtime, apiResp.RawBody, "update role failed")
 	},
 }

shortcuts/base/base_shortcut_helpers.go

@@ -30,34 +30,34 @@ func baseTableID(runtime *common.RuntimeContext) string {
 func loadJSONInput(pc *parseCtx, raw string, flagName string) (string, error) {
 	raw = strings.TrimSpace(raw)
 	if raw == "" {
-		return "", baseFlagErrorf("--%s cannot be empty", flagName)
+		return "", common.FlagErrorf("--%s cannot be empty", flagName)
 	}
 	if !strings.HasPrefix(raw, "@") {
 		return raw, nil
 	}
 	path := strings.TrimSpace(strings.TrimPrefix(raw, "@"))
 	if path == "" {
-		return "", baseFlagErrorf("--%s file path cannot be empty after @", flagName)
+		return "", common.FlagErrorf("--%s file path cannot be empty after @", flagName)
 	}
 	if pc.fio == nil {
-		return "", baseMissingFileIOError("--%s @file inputs require a FileIO provider", flagName)
+		return "", common.FlagErrorf("--%s @file inputs require a FileIO provider", flagName)
 	}
 	f, err := pc.fio.Open(path)
 	if err != nil {
 		var pathErr *fileio.PathValidationError
 		if errors.As(err, &pathErr) {
-			return "", baseFlagErrorf("--%s invalid JSON file path %q: %v", flagName, path, pathErr.Err)
+			return "", common.FlagErrorf("--%s invalid JSON file path %q: %v", flagName, path, pathErr.Err)
 		}
-		return "", baseFlagErrorf("--%s cannot open JSON file %q: %v", flagName, path, err)
+		return "", common.FlagErrorf("--%s cannot open JSON file %q: %v", flagName, path, err)
 	}
 	defer f.Close()
 	data, err := io.ReadAll(f)
 	if err != nil {
-		return "", baseFlagErrorf("--%s cannot read JSON file %q: %v", flagName, path, err)
+		return "", common.FlagErrorf("--%s cannot read JSON file %q: %v", flagName, path, err)
 	}
 	content := strings.TrimSpace(string(data))
 	if content == "" {
-		return "", baseFlagErrorf("--%s JSON file %q is empty", flagName, path)
+		return "", common.FlagErrorf("--%s JSON file %q is empty", flagName, path)
 	}
 	return content, nil
 }
@@ -68,15 +68,15 @@ func jsonInputTip(flagName string) string {
 
 func formatJSONError(flagName string, target string, err error) error {
 	if syntaxErr, ok := err.(*json.SyntaxError); ok {
-		return baseFlagErrorf("--%s invalid JSON %s near byte %d (%v); %s", flagName, target, syntaxErr.Offset, err, jsonInputTip(flagName))
+		return common.FlagErrorf("--%s invalid JSON %s near byte %d (%v); %s", flagName, target, syntaxErr.Offset, err, jsonInputTip(flagName))
 	}
 	if typeErr, ok := err.(*json.UnmarshalTypeError); ok {
 		if typeErr.Field != "" {
-			return baseFlagErrorf("--%s invalid JSON %s at field %q (%v); %s", flagName, target, typeErr.Field, err, jsonInputTip(flagName))
+			return common.FlagErrorf("--%s invalid JSON %s at field %q (%v); %s", flagName, target, typeErr.Field, err, jsonInputTip(flagName))
 		}
-		return baseFlagErrorf("--%s invalid JSON %s (%v); %s", flagName, target, err, jsonInputTip(flagName))
+		return common.FlagErrorf("--%s invalid JSON %s (%v); %s", flagName, target, err, jsonInputTip(flagName))
 	}
-	return baseFlagErrorf("--%s invalid JSON %s (%v); %s", flagName, target, err, jsonInputTip(flagName))
+	return common.FlagErrorf("--%s invalid JSON %s (%v); %s", flagName, target, err, jsonInputTip(flagName))
 }
 
 func baseAction(runtime *common.RuntimeContext, boolFlags []string, stringFlags []string) (string, error) {
@@ -92,14 +92,14 @@ func baseAction(runtime *common.RuntimeContext, boolFlags []string, stringFlags
 		}
 	}
 	if len(active) == 0 {
-		return "", baseFlagErrorf("specify one action")
+		return "", common.FlagErrorf("specify one action")
 	}
 	if len(active) > 1 {
 		flags := make([]string, 0, len(active))
 		for _, item := range active {
 			flags = append(flags, "--"+item)
 		}
-		return "", baseFlagErrorf("actions are mutually exclusive: %s", strings.Join(flags, ", "))
+		return "", common.FlagErrorf("actions are mutually exclusive: %s", strings.Join(flags, ", "))
 	}
 	return active[0], nil
 }
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ func parseObjectList(pc *parseCtx, raw string, flagName string) ([]map[string]in
 		for idx, item := range arr {
 			obj, ok := item.(map[string]interface{})
 			if !ok {
-				return nil, baseFlagErrorf("--%s item %d must be an object", flagName, idx+1)
+				return nil, common.FlagErrorf("--%s item %d must be an object", flagName, idx+1)
 			}
 			items = append(items, obj)
 		}
@@ -150,6 +150,6 @@ func parseJSONValue(pc *parseCtx, raw string, flagName string) (interface{}, err
 	case map[string]interface{}, []interface{}:
 		return value, nil
 	default:
-		return nil, baseFlagErrorf("--%s must be a JSON object or array", flagName)
+		return nil, common.FlagErrorf("--%s must be a JSON object or array", flagName)
 	}
 }

shortcuts/base/dashboard_block_create.go

@@ -6,9 +6,9 @@ package base
 import (
 	"context"
 	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
 	"strings"
 
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/shortcuts/common"
 )
 
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ var BaseDashboardBlockCreate = common.Shortcut{
 		if strings.TrimSpace(raw) == "" {
 			// text 类型必须提供 data-config（含 text 内容）
 			if strings.ToLower(runtime.Str("type")) == "text" {
-				return errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, "text 类型组件必须提供 data-config，包含必填字段 text").WithParam("--data-config")
+				return fmt.Errorf("text 类型组件必须提供 data-config，包含必填字段 text")
 			}
 			return nil
 		}

shortcuts/base/field_ops.go

@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ func validateFormulaLookupGuideAck(runtime *common.RuntimeContext, command strin
 		if fieldType == "lookup" {
 			guidePath = "skills/lark-base/references/lookup-field-guide.md"
 		}
-		return baseFlagErrorf("--i-have-read-guide is required for %s when --json.type is %q; read %s first, then retry with --i-have-read-guide", command, fieldType, guidePath)
+		return common.FlagErrorf("--i-have-read-guide is required for %s when --json.type is %q; read %s first, then retry with --i-have-read-guide", command, fieldType, guidePath)
 	}
 	return nil
 }

shortcuts/base/helpers.go

@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@ import (
 
 	larkcore "github.com/larksuite/oapi-sdk-go/v3/core"
 
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/shortcuts/common"
 )
 
@@ -42,10 +41,10 @@ func parseJSONObject(pc *parseCtx, raw string, flagName string) (map[string]inte
 		if errors.As(err, &syntaxErr) {
 			return nil, formatJSONError(flagName, "object", err)
 		}
-		return nil, baseFlagErrorf("--%s must be a JSON object; %s", flagName, jsonInputTip(flagName))
+		return nil, common.FlagErrorf("--%s must be a JSON object; %s", flagName, jsonInputTip(flagName))
 	}
 	if result == nil {
-		return nil, baseFlagErrorf("--%s must be a JSON object; %s", flagName, jsonInputTip(flagName))
+		return nil, common.FlagErrorf("--%s must be a JSON object; %s", flagName, jsonInputTip(flagName))
 	}
 	return result, nil
 }
@@ -153,7 +152,7 @@ func cloneValue(value interface{}) interface{} {
 func resolveFieldTypeSpec(typeName string) (fieldTypeSpec, error) {
 	trimmed := strings.TrimSpace(typeName)
 	if trimmed == "" {
-		return fieldTypeSpec{}, baseValidationErrorf("field type cannot be empty")
+		return fieldTypeSpec{}, fmt.Errorf("field type cannot be empty")
 	}
 	switch strings.ToLower(trimmed) {
 	case "text", "phone", "url", "email", "barcode":
@@ -193,7 +192,7 @@ func resolveFieldTypeSpec(typeName string) (fieldTypeSpec, error) {
 	case "modifiedtime", "modified_time", "modified-time":
 		return fieldTypeSpec{Type: "updated_at", Extra: map[string]interface{}{"style": map[string]interface{}{"format": "yyyy/MM/dd"}}}, nil
 	default:
-		return fieldTypeSpec{}, baseValidationErrorf("unsupported field type %q in base/v3", typeName)
+		return fieldTypeSpec{}, fmt.Errorf("unsupported field type %q in base/v3", typeName)
 	}
 }
 
@@ -253,10 +252,10 @@ func normalizeSelectOptions(raw interface{}) []interface{} {
 
 func buildFieldBody(fieldName string, typeName string, property map[string]interface{}, uiType string, description string, isPrimary bool, isHidden bool) (map[string]interface{}, error) {
 	if isPrimary {
-		return nil, errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeFailedPrecondition, "base/v3 does not support setting primary field in field body")
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("base/v3 does not support setting primary field in field body")
 	}
 	if isHidden {
-		return nil, errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeFailedPrecondition, "base/v3 does not support hidden field creation in field body")
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("base/v3 does not support hidden field creation in field body")
 	}
 	spec, err := resolveFieldTypeSpec(typeName)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -355,7 +354,7 @@ func buildTableFieldBodies(rawFields string, rawFieldSpecs string) ([]interface{
 	if rawFields != "" {
 		var fields []interface{}
 		if err := common.ParseJSON([]byte(rawFields), &fields); err != nil {
-			return nil, baseValidationErrorf("--fields invalid JSON, must be a field definition array")
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("--fields invalid JSON, must be a field definition array")
 		}
 		return fields, nil
 	}
@@ -367,7 +366,7 @@ func buildTableFieldBodies(rawFields string, rawFieldSpecs string) ([]interface{
 	for _, spec := range specs {
 		body, err := buildFieldBody(spec.Name, normalizeFieldTypeName(spec.Type), nil, "", "", false, false)
 		if err != nil {
-			return nil, errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, "field %q: %s", spec.Name, err).WithCause(err)
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("field %q: %w", spec.Name, err)
 		}
 		fields = append(fields, body)
 	}
@@ -411,15 +410,20 @@ func baseV3Raw(runtime *common.RuntimeContext, method, path string, params map[s
 	h.Set("X-App-Id", runtime.Config.AppID)
 	resp, err := runtime.DoAPI(req, larkcore.WithHeaders(h))
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, baseAPIBoundaryError(err, "API call failed")
-	}
-	if _, err := runtime.ClassifyAPIResponse(resp); err != nil {
-		if statusErr := baseHTTPStatusErrorFromInvalidResponse(resp, err); statusErr != nil {
-			return nil, statusErr
-		}
-		return nil, enrichBaseAPIErrorFromBody(err, resp.RawBody, runtime.APIClassifyContext())
+		return nil, err
 	}
 	result, parseErr := decodeBaseV3Response(resp.RawBody)
+	if parseErr == nil && baseV3ResultCode(result) != 0 {
+		attachBaseErrorLogID(result, baseResponseLogID(resp))
+		return result, nil
+	}
+	if resp.StatusCode >= http.StatusBadRequest {
+		body := strings.TrimSpace(string(resp.RawBody))
+		if body == "" {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("HTTP %d", resp.StatusCode)
+		}
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("HTTP %d: %s", resp.StatusCode, body)
+	}
 	if parseErr != nil {
 		return nil, parseErr
 	}
@@ -431,14 +435,18 @@ func decodeBaseV3Response(body []byte) (map[string]interface{}, error) {
 	dec := json.NewDecoder(bytes.NewReader(body))
 	dec.UseNumber()
 	if err := dec.Decode(&result); err != nil {
-		return nil, errs.NewInternalError(errs.SubtypeInvalidResponse, "API returned an invalid JSON response: %v", err).WithCause(err)
-	}
-	if result == nil {
-		return nil, errs.NewInternalError(errs.SubtypeInvalidResponse, "API returned a non-object JSON response")
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("response parse error: %w", err)
 	}
 	return result, nil
 }
 
+func baseV3ResultCode(result map[string]interface{}) int {
+	if result == nil {
+		return 0
+	}
+	return toInt(result["code"])
+}
+
 func attachBaseErrorLogID(result map[string]interface{}, logID string) {
 	if result == nil || strings.TrimSpace(logID) == "" {
 		return
@@ -472,33 +480,6 @@ func baseResponseLogID(resp *larkcore.ApiResp) string {
 	return strings.TrimSpace(resp.Header.Get("x-tt-logid"))
 }
 
-func baseHTTPStatusErrorFromInvalidResponse(resp *larkcore.ApiResp, classified error) error {
-	if resp == nil || resp.StatusCode < http.StatusBadRequest {
-		return nil
-	}
-	p, ok := errs.ProblemOf(classified)
-	if !ok || p.Category != errs.CategoryInternal || p.Subtype != errs.SubtypeInvalidResponse {
-		return nil
-	}
-	body := strings.TrimSpace(string(resp.RawBody))
-	if resp.StatusCode >= http.StatusInternalServerError {
-		err := errs.NewNetworkError(errs.SubtypeNetworkServer, "HTTP %d: %s", resp.StatusCode, body).WithCode(resp.StatusCode).WithRetryable()
-		if logID := baseResponseLogID(resp); logID != "" {
-			err = err.WithLogID(logID)
-		}
-		return err
-	}
-	subtype := errs.SubtypeUnknown
-	if resp.StatusCode == http.StatusNotFound {
-		subtype = errs.SubtypeNotFound
-	}
-	err := errs.NewAPIError(subtype, "HTTP %d: %s", resp.StatusCode, body).WithCode(resp.StatusCode)
-	if logID := baseResponseLogID(resp); logID != "" {
-		err = err.WithLogID(logID)
-	}
-	return err
-}
-
 func baseV3Call(runtime *common.RuntimeContext, method, path string, params map[string]interface{}, data interface{}) (map[string]interface{}, error) {
 	result, err := baseV3Raw(runtime, method, path, params, data)
 	return handleBaseAPIResult(result, err, "API call failed")
@@ -544,7 +525,7 @@ func toStringSlice(v interface{}) []string {
 
 func listAllTables(runtime *common.RuntimeContext, baseToken string, offset, limit int) ([]map[string]interface{}, int, error) {
 	if limit <= 0 {
-		return nil, 0, errs.NewInternalError(errs.SubtypeSDKError, "limit must be greater than 0")
+		return nil, 0, fmt.Errorf("limit must be greater than 0")
 	}
 	data, err := baseV3Call(runtime, "GET", baseV3Path("bases", baseToken, "tables"), map[string]interface{}{"offset": offset, "limit": limit}, nil)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -574,7 +555,7 @@ func listAllTables(runtime *common.RuntimeContext, baseToken string, offset, lim
 
 func listAllFields(runtime *common.RuntimeContext, baseToken, tableID string, offset, limit int) ([]map[string]interface{}, int, error) {
 	if limit <= 0 {
-		return nil, 0, errs.NewInternalError(errs.SubtypeSDKError, "limit must be greater than 0")
+		return nil, 0, fmt.Errorf("limit must be greater than 0")
 	}
 	data, err := baseV3Call(runtime, "GET", baseV3Path("bases", baseToken, "tables", tableID, "fields"), map[string]interface{}{"offset": offset, "limit": limit}, nil)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -596,7 +577,7 @@ func listAllFields(runtime *common.RuntimeContext, baseToken, tableID string, of
 
 func listAllViews(runtime *common.RuntimeContext, baseToken, tableID string, offset, limit int) ([]map[string]interface{}, int, error) {
 	if limit <= 0 {
-		return nil, 0, errs.NewInternalError(errs.SubtypeSDKError, "limit must be greater than 0")
+		return nil, 0, fmt.Errorf("limit must be greater than 0")
 	}
 	data, err := baseV3Call(runtime, "GET", baseV3Path("bases", baseToken, "tables", tableID, "views"), map[string]interface{}{"offset": offset, "limit": limit}, nil)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -622,7 +603,7 @@ func resolveFieldRef(fields []map[string]interface{}, ref string) (map[string]in
 			return field, nil
 		}
 	}
-	return nil, errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeFailedPrecondition, "field %q not found", ref)
+	return nil, fmt.Errorf("field %q not found", ref)
 }
 
 func resolveTableRef(tables []map[string]interface{}, ref string) (map[string]interface{}, error) {
@@ -631,7 +612,7 @@ func resolveTableRef(tables []map[string]interface{}, ref string) (map[string]in
 			return table, nil
 		}
 	}
-	return nil, errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeFailedPrecondition, "table %q not found", ref)
+	return nil, fmt.Errorf("table %q not found", ref)
 }
 
 func resolveViewRef(views []map[string]interface{}, ref string) (map[string]interface{}, error) {
@@ -640,7 +621,7 @@ func resolveViewRef(views []map[string]interface{}, ref string) (map[string]inte
 			return view, nil
 		}
 	}
-	return nil, errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeFailedPrecondition, "view %q not found", ref)
+	return nil, fmt.Errorf("view %q not found", ref)
 }
 
 func chunkRecords(records []map[string]interface{}, size int) [][]map[string]interface{} {
@@ -757,18 +738,18 @@ func canonicalValue(v interface{}) string {
 func parseNamedTypeSpecs(raw string, flagName string) ([]namedTypeSpec, error) {
 	var tuples []interface{}
 	if err := common.ParseJSON([]byte(raw), &tuples); err != nil {
-		return nil, baseValidationErrorf("--%s invalid JSON array", flagName)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("--%s invalid JSON array", flagName)
 	}
 	result := make([]namedTypeSpec, 0, len(tuples))
 	for idx, item := range tuples {
 		pair, ok := item.([]interface{})
 		if !ok || len(pair) != 2 {
-			return nil, baseValidationErrorf("--%s item %d must be [name, type]", flagName, idx+1)
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("--%s item %d must be [name, type]", flagName, idx+1)
 		}
 		name, ok1 := pair[0].(string)
 		typeName, ok2 := pair[1].(string)
 		if !ok1 || !ok2 {
-			return nil, baseValidationErrorf("--%s item %d must be [string, string]", flagName, idx+1)
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("--%s item %d must be [string, string]", flagName, idx+1)
 		}
 		result = append(result, namedTypeSpec{Name: name, Type: typeName})
 	}
@@ -1174,9 +1155,9 @@ func validateBlockDataConfig(blockType string, cfg map[string]interface{}) []str
 	return errs
 }
 
-func formatDataConfigErrors(problems []string) error {
-	if len(problems) == 0 {
+func formatDataConfigErrors(errs []string) error {
+	if len(errs) == 0 {
 		return nil
 	}
-	return errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, "data_config 校验失败:\n- %s\n参考: skills/lark-base/references/dashboard-block-data-config.md", strings.Join(problems, "\n- "))
+	return fmt.Errorf("data_config 校验失败:\n- %s\n参考: skills/lark-base/references/dashboard-block-data-config.md", strings.Join(errs, "\n- "))
 }

shortcuts/base/record_markdown.go

@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"strings"
 
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/output"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/shortcuts/common"
 )
@@ -20,7 +19,7 @@ func validateRecordReadFormat(runtime *common.RuntimeContext) error {
 	case "", "json", "markdown":
 		return nil
 	default:
-		return baseValidationErrorf("--format must be json or markdown")
+		return output.ErrValidation("--format must be json or markdown")
 	}
 }
 
@@ -34,7 +33,7 @@ func outputRecordMarkdownWithRenderer(runtime *common.RuntimeContext, data map[s
 			runtime.Out(data, nil)
 			return nil
 		}
-		return baseValidationErrorf("--jq and --format markdown are mutually exclusive")
+		return output.ErrValidation("--jq and --format markdown are mutually exclusive")
 	}
 	rendered, err := renderer(data)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -44,7 +43,7 @@ func outputRecordMarkdownWithRenderer(runtime *common.RuntimeContext, data map[s
 	}
 	scanResult := output.ScanForSafety(runtime.Cmd.CommandPath(), data, runtime.IO().ErrOut)
 	if scanResult.Blocked {
-		return baseContentSafetyBlockError(scanResult)
+		return scanResult.BlockErr
 	}
 	if scanResult.Alert != nil {
 		output.WriteAlertWarning(runtime.IO().ErrOut, scanResult.Alert)
@@ -53,20 +52,6 @@ func outputRecordMarkdownWithRenderer(runtime *common.RuntimeContext, data map[s
 	return nil
 }
 
-func baseContentSafetyBlockError(scanResult output.ScanResult) error {
-	message := "content safety violation detected"
-	var rules []string
-	if scanResult.Alert != nil {
-		rules = scanResult.Alert.MatchedRules
-	}
-	if len(rules) > 0 {
-		message = fmt.Sprintf("content safety violation detected (rules: %s)", strings.Join(rules, ", "))
-	}
-	return errs.NewContentSafetyError(errs.SubtypeUnknown, "%s", message).
-		WithRules(rules...).
-		WithCause(scanResult.BlockErr)
-}
-
 func outputRecordGetMarkdown(runtime *common.RuntimeContext, data map[string]interface{}) error {
 	return outputRecordMarkdownWithRenderer(runtime, data, renderRecordGetMarkdown)
 }
@@ -76,7 +61,7 @@ func renderRecordGetMarkdown(data map[string]interface{}) (string, error) {
 	recordIDs := stringSliceValue(data["record_id_list"])
 	rows, ok := data["data"].([]interface{})
 	if len(fields) == 0 || !ok {
-		return "", baseValidationErrorf("--format markdown requires record matrix response with fields, record_id_list, and data")
+		return "", output.ErrValidation("--format markdown requires record matrix response with fields, record_id_list, and data")
 	}
 	if len(recordIDs) == 1 && len(rows) == 1 {
 		rowItems, _ := rows[0].([]interface{})
@@ -93,7 +78,7 @@ func renderRecordMarkdown(data map[string]interface{}) (string, error) {
 	recordIDs := stringSliceValue(data["record_id_list"])
 	rows, ok := data["data"].([]interface{})
 	if len(fields) == 0 || !ok {
-		return "", baseValidationErrorf("--format markdown requires record matrix response with fields, record_id_list, and data")
+		return "", output.ErrValidation("--format markdown requires record matrix response with fields, record_id_list, and data")
 	}
 
 	var b strings.Builder

shortcuts/base/record_markdown_test.go

@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
 	extcs "github.com/larksuite/cli/extension/contentsafety"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
@@ -213,12 +212,9 @@ func TestOutputRecordMarkdownContentSafetyBlockDoesNotWriteStdout(t *testing.T)
 		"record_id_list": []interface{}{"rec_1"},
 		"data":           []interface{}{[]interface{}{"Alice"}},
 	})
-	var csErr *errs.ContentSafetyError
-	if !errors.As(err, &csErr) {
-		t.Fatalf("err=%v, want typed content safety error", err)
-	}
-	if len(csErr.Rules) != 1 || csErr.Rules[0] != "r1" {
-		t.Fatalf("rules=%v", csErr.Rules)
+	var exitErr *output.ExitError
+	if !errors.As(err, &exitErr) || exitErr.Code != output.ExitContentSafety {
+		t.Fatalf("err=%v, want content safety exit error", err)
 	}
 	if stdout.Len() > 0 {
 		t.Fatalf("block mode should not write stdout, got:\n%s", stdout.String())

shortcuts/base/record_ops.go

@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ func resolveRecordSelection(runtime *common.RuntimeContext) (recordSelection, er
 	fieldIDs := runtime.StrArray("field-id")
 	jsonRaw := strings.TrimSpace(runtime.Str("json"))
 	if len(recordIDs) > 0 && jsonRaw != "" {
-		return recordSelection{}, baseFlagErrorf("--record-id and --json are mutually exclusive")
+		return recordSelection{}, common.FlagErrorf("--record-id and --json are mutually exclusive")
 	}
 	if jsonRaw != "" {
 		pc := newParseCtx(runtime)
@@ -59,11 +59,11 @@ func resolveRecordSelection(runtime *common.RuntimeContext) (recordSelection, er
 		}
 		recordIDListValue, ok := body["record_id_list"]
 		if !ok {
-			return recordSelection{}, baseFlagErrorf(`--json must include "record_id_list" as a non-empty string array; %s`, jsonInputTip("json"))
+			return recordSelection{}, common.FlagErrorf(`--json must include "record_id_list" as a non-empty string array; %s`, jsonInputTip("json"))
 		}
 		recordIDItems, ok := recordIDListValue.([]interface{})
 		if !ok {
-			return recordSelection{}, baseFlagErrorf(`--json field "record_id_list" must be a string array; %s`, jsonInputTip("json"))
+			return recordSelection{}, common.FlagErrorf(`--json field "record_id_list" must be a string array; %s`, jsonInputTip("json"))
 		}
 		normalized, err := normalizeRecordIDs(recordIDItems)
 		if err != nil {
@@ -117,14 +117,14 @@ func resolveRecordGetSelectFields(flagFields []string, body map[string]interface
 		return fromFlags, nil
 	}
 	if len(fromFlags) > 0 {
-		return nil, baseFlagErrorf(`--field-id and --json field "select_fields" are mutually exclusive`)
+		return nil, common.FlagErrorf(`--field-id and --json field "select_fields" are mutually exclusive`)
 	}
 	items, ok := rawJSONFields.([]interface{})
 	if !ok {
-		return nil, baseFlagErrorf(`--json field "select_fields" must be a string array; %s`, jsonInputTip("json"))
+		return nil, common.FlagErrorf(`--json field "select_fields" must be a string array; %s`, jsonInputTip("json"))
 	}
 	if len(items) == 0 {
-		return nil, baseFlagErrorf(`--json field "select_fields" must not be empty; %s`, jsonInputTip("json"))
+		return nil, common.FlagErrorf(`--json field "select_fields" must not be empty; %s`, jsonInputTip("json"))
 	}
 	normalized, err := normalizeRecordGetSelectFields(items)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ func normalizeStringList(values interface{}, opts stringListNormalizeOptions) ([
 		if opts.allowNil {
 			return nil, nil
 		}
-		return nil, baseFlagErrorf(opts.typeError)
+		return nil, common.FlagErrorf(opts.typeError)
 	case []interface{}:
 		rawItems = typed
 	case []string:
@@ -161,30 +161,30 @@ func normalizeStringList(values interface{}, opts stringListNormalizeOptions) ([
 			rawItems = append(rawItems, item)
 		}
 	default:
-		return nil, baseFlagErrorf(opts.typeError)
+		return nil, common.FlagErrorf(opts.typeError)
 	}
 	if len(rawItems) == 0 {
 		if opts.allowEmpty {
 			return nil, nil
 		}
-		return nil, baseFlagErrorf(opts.emptyError)
+		return nil, common.FlagErrorf(opts.emptyError)
 	}
 	if opts.max > 0 && len(rawItems) > opts.max {
-		return nil, baseFlagErrorf("%s exceeds maximum limit of %d (got %d)", opts.limitName, opts.max, len(rawItems))
+		return nil, common.FlagErrorf("%s exceeds maximum limit of %d (got %d)", opts.limitName, opts.max, len(rawItems))
 	}
 	seen := make(map[string]int, len(rawItems))
 	result := make([]string, 0, len(rawItems))
 	for index, value := range rawItems {
 		item, ok := value.(string)
 		if !ok {
-			return nil, baseFlagErrorf("%s %d must be a string", opts.itemName, index+1)
+			return nil, common.FlagErrorf("%s %d must be a string", opts.itemName, index+1)
 		}
 		item = strings.TrimSpace(item)
 		if item == "" {
-			return nil, baseFlagErrorf("%s %d must not be empty", opts.itemName, index+1)
+			return nil, common.FlagErrorf("%s %d must not be empty", opts.itemName, index+1)
 		}
 		if first, exists := seen[item]; exists {
-			return nil, baseFlagErrorf("duplicate %s %q at positions %d and %d", opts.duplicateName, item, first, index+1)
+			return nil, common.FlagErrorf("duplicate %s %q at positions %d and %d", opts.duplicateName, item, first, index+1)
 		}
 		seen[item] = index + 1
 		result = append(result, item)
@@ -332,10 +332,10 @@ const maxShareBatchSize = 100
 func validateRecordShareBatch(runtime *common.RuntimeContext) error {
 	recordIDs := deduplicateRecordIDs(runtime)
 	if len(recordIDs) == 0 {
-		return baseFlagErrorf("--record-ids is required and must not be empty")
+		return common.FlagErrorf("--record-ids is required and must not be empty")
 	}
 	if len(recordIDs) > maxShareBatchSize {
-		return baseFlagErrorf("--record-ids exceeds maximum limit of %d (got %d)", maxShareBatchSize, len(recordIDs))
+		return common.FlagErrorf("--record-ids exceeds maximum limit of %d (got %d)", maxShareBatchSize, len(recordIDs))
 	}
 	return nil
 }

shortcuts/base/record_query.go

@@ -71,18 +71,18 @@ func normalizeRecordSortValue(value interface{}, label string) ([]interface{}, e
 	} else if obj, ok := value.(map[string]interface{}); ok {
 		rawSortConfig, ok := obj["sort_config"]
 		if !ok {
-			return nil, baseFlagErrorf("%s must be a JSON array or an object with sort_config array", label)
+			return nil, common.FlagErrorf("%s must be a JSON array or an object with sort_config array", label)
 		}
 		parsed, ok := rawSortConfig.([]interface{})
 		if !ok {
-			return nil, baseFlagErrorf("%s.sort_config must be a JSON array", label)
+			return nil, common.FlagErrorf("%s.sort_config must be a JSON array", label)
 		}
 		sortConfig = parsed
 	} else {
-		return nil, baseFlagErrorf("%s must be a JSON array or an object with sort_config array", label)
+		return nil, common.FlagErrorf("%s must be a JSON array or an object with sort_config array", label)
 	}
 	if len(sortConfig) > recordSortMaxCount {
-		return nil, baseFlagErrorf("sort supports at most %d sort conditions; got %d", recordSortMaxCount, len(sortConfig))
+		return nil, common.FlagErrorf("sort supports at most %d sort conditions; got %d", recordSortMaxCount, len(sortConfig))
 	}
 	return sortConfig, nil
 }
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ func normalizeRecordSortValue(value interface{}, label string) ([]interface{}, e
 func marshalRecordQueryFlag(flagName string, value interface{}) (string, error) {
 	data, err := json.Marshal(value)
 	if err != nil {
-		return "", baseFlagErrorf("--%s cannot encode JSON: %v", flagName, err)
+		return "", common.FlagErrorf("--%s cannot encode JSON: %v", flagName, err)
 	}
 	return string(data), nil
 }
@@ -220,16 +220,16 @@ func validateRecordSearchFlags(runtime *common.RuntimeContext) error {
 	jsonRaw := strings.TrimSpace(runtime.Str("json"))
 	if jsonRaw != "" {
 		if recordSearchHasJSONExclusiveFlagInputs(runtime) {
-			return baseFlagErrorf("--json is mutually exclusive with keyword/search/projection/pagination flags; put those fields inside --json, or omit --json")
+			return common.FlagErrorf("--json is mutually exclusive with keyword/search/projection/pagination flags; put those fields inside --json, or omit --json")
 		}
 		_, err := recordSearchJSONBody(runtime)
 		return err
 	}
 	if strings.TrimSpace(runtime.Str("keyword")) == "" {
-		return baseFlagErrorf("--keyword is required unless --json is used")
+		return common.FlagErrorf("--keyword is required unless --json is used")
 	}
 	if len(runtime.StrArray("search-field")) == 0 {
-		return baseFlagErrorf("--search-field is required unless --json is used")
+		return common.FlagErrorf("--search-field is required unless --json is used")
 	}
 	return validateRecordQueryOptions(runtime)
 }

shortcuts/base/record_upload_attachment.go

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/extension/fileio"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/output"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/util"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/validate"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/shortcuts/common"
@@ -224,7 +225,7 @@ func dryRunRecordRemoveAttachment(_ context.Context, runtime *common.RuntimeCont
 
 func validateRecordUploadAttachment(runtime *common.RuntimeContext) error {
 	if runtime.Changed("name") {
-		return baseFlagErrorf("--name is no longer supported; uploaded attachment names are derived from local file basenames")
+		return common.FlagErrorf("--name is no longer supported; uploaded attachment names are derived from local file basenames")
 	}
 	files, err := normalizeAttachmentFiles(runtime.StrArray("file"))
 	if err != nil {
@@ -244,16 +245,9 @@ func validateRecordDownloadAttachment(runtime *common.RuntimeContext) error {
 		return err
 	}
 	if len(tokens) != 1 {
-		const outputDirRequired = "--output must be an existing directory when downloading multiple attachments or when --file-token is omitted"
 		info, statErr := runtime.FileIO().Stat(runtime.Str("output"))
-		if statErr != nil {
-			if errors.Is(statErr, fileio.ErrPathValidation) {
-				return baseValidationErrorf("unsafe output path: %s", statErr)
-			}
-			return baseFlagErrorf(outputDirRequired)
-		}
-		if !info.IsDir() {
-			return baseFlagErrorf(outputDirRequired)
+		if statErr != nil || !info.IsDir() {
+			return common.FlagErrorf("--output must be an existing directory when downloading multiple attachments or when --file-token is omitted")
 		}
 	}
 	return nil
@@ -275,7 +269,7 @@ func executeRecordUploadAttachment(runtime *common.RuntimeContext) error {
 		return err
 	}
 	if normalized := normalizeFieldTypeName(fieldTypeName(field)); normalized != "attachment" {
-		return baseValidationErrorf("field %q is type %q, expected attachment", fieldName(field), normalized)
+		return output.ErrValidation("field %q is type %q, expected attachment", fieldName(field), normalized)
 	}
 	resolvedFieldID := fieldID(field)
 	if resolvedFieldID == "" {
@@ -322,7 +316,7 @@ func executeRecordRemoveAttachment(runtime *common.RuntimeContext) error {
 		return err
 	}
 	if normalized := normalizeFieldTypeName(fieldTypeName(field)); normalized != "attachment" {
-		return baseValidationErrorf("field %q is type %q, expected attachment", fieldName(field), normalized)
+		return output.ErrValidation("field %q is type %q, expected attachment", fieldName(field), normalized)
 	}
 	resolvedFieldID := fieldID(field)
 	if resolvedFieldID == "" {
@@ -359,7 +353,7 @@ func executeRecordDownloadAttachment(ctx context.Context, runtime *common.Runtim
 		saved, err := downloadBaseAttachment(ctx, runtime, target.Item, target.TargetPath, runtime.Bool("overwrite"))
 		if err != nil {
 			failed := attachmentDownloadFailure(target, err)
-			return attachmentDownloadProgressError(runtime, err, downloaded, []map[string]interface{}{failed})
+			return attachmentDownloadProgressError(err, downloaded, []map[string]interface{}{failed})
 		}
 		downloaded = append(downloaded, saved)
 	}
@@ -370,20 +364,20 @@ func executeRecordDownloadAttachment(ctx context.Context, runtime *common.Runtim
 func validateAttachmentInputFile(runtime *common.RuntimeContext, filePath string) (fileio.FileInfo, error) {
 	fio := runtime.FileIO()
 	if fio == nil {
-		return nil, baseValidationErrorf("file operations require a FileIO provider")
+		return nil, output.ErrValidation("file operations require a FileIO provider")
 	}
 	fileInfo, err := fio.Stat(filePath)
 	if err != nil {
 		if errors.Is(err, fileio.ErrPathValidation) {
-			return nil, baseValidationErrorf("unsafe file path: %s", err)
+			return nil, output.ErrValidation("unsafe file path: %s", err)
 		}
-		return nil, baseValidationErrorf("file not accessible: %s: %v", filePath, err)
+		return nil, output.ErrValidation("file not accessible: %s: %v", filePath, err)
 	}
 	if fileInfo.IsDir() {
-		return nil, baseValidationErrorf("file path is a directory: %s", filePath)
+		return nil, output.ErrValidation("file path is a directory: %s", filePath)
 	}
 	if fileInfo.Size() > baseAttachmentUploadMaxFileSize {
-		return nil, baseValidationErrorf("file %s exceeds 2GB limit (size: %s)", filePath, common.FormatSize(fileInfo.Size()))
+		return nil, output.ErrValidation("file %s exceeds 2GB limit", common.FormatSize(fileInfo.Size()))
 	}
 	return fileInfo, nil
 }
@@ -418,13 +412,13 @@ func normalizeOptionalDownloadAttachmentFileTokens(tokens []string) ([]string, e
 	for index, token := range tokens {
 		token = strings.TrimSpace(token)
 		if token == "" {
-			return nil, baseFlagErrorf("attachment file token %d must not be empty", index+1)
+			return nil, common.FlagErrorf("attachment file token %d must not be empty", index+1)
 		}
 		normalized = append(normalized, token)
 	}
 	normalized = dedupeStringsPreserveOrder(normalized)
 	if len(normalized) > baseAttachmentMaxBatchSize {
-		return nil, baseFlagErrorf("attachment file token count exceeds maximum limit of %d (got %d)", baseAttachmentMaxBatchSize, len(normalized))
+		return nil, common.FlagErrorf("attachment file token count exceeds maximum limit of %d (got %d)", baseAttachmentMaxBatchSize, len(normalized))
 	}
 	return normalized, nil
 }
@@ -459,10 +453,10 @@ func fetchBaseField(runtime *common.RuntimeContext, baseToken, tableIDValue, fie
 
 func fetchBaseAttachments(runtime *common.RuntimeContext, baseToken, tableIDValue string, recordIDs []string) (map[string]interface{}, error) {
 	if len(recordIDs) == 0 {
-		return nil, baseValidationErrorf("provide at least one record id")
+		return nil, output.ErrValidation("provide at least one record id")
 	}
 	if len(recordIDs) > baseAttachmentGetMaxRecords {
-		return nil, baseValidationErrorf("get attachments record selection exceeds maximum limit of %d (got %d)", baseAttachmentGetMaxRecords, len(recordIDs))
+		return nil, output.ErrValidation("get attachments record selection exceeds maximum limit of %d (got %d)", baseAttachmentGetMaxRecords, len(recordIDs))
 	}
 	data, err := baseV3Call(runtime, "POST", baseV3Path("bases", baseToken, "tables", tableIDValue, "get_attachments"), nil, map[string]interface{}{
 		"record_id_list": recordIDs,
@@ -566,14 +560,14 @@ func detectAttachmentMIMEType(fio fileio.FileIO, filePath, fileName string) (str
 
 	f, err := fio.Open(filePath)
 	if err != nil {
-		return "", baseInputStatError(err)
+		return "", common.WrapInputStatError(err)
 	}
 	defer f.Close()
 
 	buf := make([]byte, 512)
 	n, readErr := f.Read(buf)
 	if readErr != nil && !errors.Is(readErr, io.EOF) {
-		return "", baseValidationErrorf("cannot read file: %s", readErr)
+		return "", output.ErrValidation("cannot read file: %s", readErr)
 	}
 	return detectAttachmentMIMEFromContent(buf[:n]), nil
 }
@@ -623,11 +617,11 @@ type baseAttachmentDownloadTarget struct {
 func selectAttachmentDownloadItems(attachments map[string]interface{}, recordID string, tokens []string) ([]baseAttachmentDownloadItem, error) {
 	recordRaw, ok := attachments[recordID]
 	if !ok {
-		return nil, baseValidationErrorf("record %q has no attachment metadata; verify the record-id", recordID)
+		return nil, output.ErrValidation("record %q has no attachment metadata; verify the record-id", recordID)
 	}
 	fields, ok := recordRaw.(map[string]interface{})
 	if !ok {
-		return nil, baseValidationErrorf("record %q attachment metadata has unexpected type %T", recordID, recordRaw)
+		return nil, output.ErrValidation("record %q attachment metadata has unexpected type %T", recordID, recordRaw)
 	}
 	byToken := map[string]baseAttachmentDownloadItem{}
 	fieldIDs := make([]string, 0, len(fields))
@@ -639,12 +633,12 @@ func selectAttachmentDownloadItems(attachments map[string]interface{}, recordID
 		rawList := fields[currentFieldID]
 		items, ok := rawList.([]interface{})
 		if !ok {
-			return nil, baseValidationErrorf("record %q field %q attachment metadata has unexpected type %T", recordID, currentFieldID, rawList)
+			return nil, output.ErrValidation("record %q field %q attachment metadata has unexpected type %T", recordID, currentFieldID, rawList)
 		}
 		for _, rawItem := range items {
 			item, ok := rawItem.(map[string]interface{})
 			if !ok {
-				return nil, baseValidationErrorf("record %q field %q contains unexpected attachment item type %T", recordID, currentFieldID, rawItem)
+				return nil, output.ErrValidation("record %q field %q contains unexpected attachment item type %T", recordID, currentFieldID, rawItem)
 			}
 			fileToken, _ := item["file_token"].(string)
 			if fileToken == "" {
@@ -674,7 +668,7 @@ func selectAttachmentDownloadItems(attachments map[string]interface{}, recordID
 			result = append(result, item)
 		}
 		if len(result) == 0 {
-			return nil, baseValidationErrorf("record %q has no attachments to download", recordID)
+			return nil, output.ErrValidation("record %q has no attachments to download", recordID)
 		}
 		sort.SliceStable(result, func(i, j int) bool {
 			leftName := strings.ToLower(baseAttachmentDownloadName(result[i]))
@@ -689,7 +683,7 @@ func selectAttachmentDownloadItems(attachments map[string]interface{}, recordID
 	for _, token := range tokens {
 		item, ok := byToken[token]
 		if !ok {
-			return nil, baseValidationErrorf("attachment file_token %q not found in record %q; verify the record-id/file-token pair", token, recordID)
+			return nil, output.ErrValidation("attachment file_token %q not found in record %q; verify the record-id/file-token pair", token, recordID)
 		}
 		result = append(result, item)
 	}
@@ -708,15 +702,15 @@ func planAttachmentDownloadTargets(runtime *common.RuntimeContext, items []baseA
 		}
 		resolved, err := runtime.ResolveSavePath(targetPath)
 		if err != nil {
-			return nil, baseValidationErrorf("unsafe output path: %s", err)
+			return nil, output.ErrValidation("unsafe output path: %s", err)
 		}
 		if previous, exists := seen[resolved]; exists {
-			return nil, baseValidationErrorf("multiple attachments resolve to the same output path %q (%s and %s); download them separately or choose a different directory", resolved, previous.FileToken, item.FileToken)
+			return nil, output.ErrValidation("multiple attachments resolve to the same output path %q (%s and %s); download them separately or choose a different directory", resolved, previous.FileToken, item.FileToken)
 		}
 		seen[resolved] = item
 		if !overwrite {
 			if _, statErr := runtime.FileIO().Stat(targetPath); statErr == nil {
-				return nil, baseValidationErrorf("output file already exists: %s (use --overwrite to replace)", targetPath)
+				return nil, output.ErrValidation("output file already exists: %s (use --overwrite to replace)", targetPath)
 			}
 		}
 		targets = append(targets, baseAttachmentDownloadTarget{
@@ -782,7 +776,7 @@ func safeAttachmentFileTokenSuffix(fileToken string) string {
 
 func downloadBaseAttachment(ctx context.Context, runtime *common.RuntimeContext, item baseAttachmentDownloadItem, targetPath string, overwrite bool) (map[string]interface{}, error) {
 	if _, err := runtime.ResolveSavePath(targetPath); err != nil {
-		return nil, baseValidationErrorf("unsafe output path: %s", err)
+		return nil, output.ErrValidation("unsafe output path: %s", err)
 	}
 
 	query := larkcore.QueryParams{}
@@ -801,7 +795,7 @@ func downloadBaseAttachment(ctx context.Context, runtime *common.RuntimeContext,
 
 	if !overwrite {
 		if _, statErr := runtime.FileIO().Stat(targetPath); statErr == nil {
-			return nil, baseValidationErrorf("output file already exists: %s (use --overwrite to replace)", targetPath)
+			return nil, output.ErrValidation("output file already exists: %s (use --overwrite to replace)", targetPath)
 		}
 	}
 	result, err := runtime.FileIO().Save(targetPath, fileio.SaveOptions{
@@ -809,7 +803,7 @@ func downloadBaseAttachment(ctx context.Context, runtime *common.RuntimeContext,
 		ContentLength: resp.ContentLength,
 	}, resp.Body)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, baseSaveError(err)
+		return nil, common.WrapSaveErrorByCategory(err, "io")
 	}
 	savedPath, _ := runtime.ResolveSavePath(targetPath)
 	if savedPath == "" {
@@ -828,7 +822,7 @@ func downloadBaseAttachment(ctx context.Context, runtime *common.RuntimeContext,
 }
 
 func attachmentDownloadFailure(target baseAttachmentDownloadTarget, err error) map[string]interface{} {
-	failure := map[string]interface{}{
+	return map[string]interface{}{
 		"record_id":     target.Item.RecordID,
 		"field_id":      target.Item.FieldID,
 		"file_token":    target.Item.FileToken,
@@ -837,45 +831,72 @@ func attachmentDownloadFailure(target baseAttachmentDownloadTarget, err error) m
 		"resolved_path": target.ResolvedPath,
 		"error":         err.Error(),
 	}
-	if p, ok := errs.ProblemOf(err); ok {
-		failure["type"] = string(p.Category)
-		failure["subtype"] = string(p.Subtype)
-		if p.Code != 0 {
-			failure["code"] = p.Code
-		}
-		if p.LogID != "" {
-			failure["log_id"] = p.LogID
-		}
-	}
-	return failure
 }
 
-func attachmentDownloadProgressError(runtime *common.RuntimeContext, err error, downloaded []map[string]interface{}, failed []map[string]interface{}) error {
+func attachmentDownloadProgressError(err error, downloaded []map[string]interface{}, failed []map[string]interface{}) error {
 	msg := fmt.Sprintf("download failed after %d attachment(s) succeeded and %d failed: %v", len(downloaded), len(failed), err)
-	payload := map[string]interface{}{
-		"message":    msg,
+	detail := map[string]interface{}{
 		"downloaded": downloaded,
 		"failed":     failed,
 	}
-	const hint = "Some files may already have been saved. Inspect downloaded before retrying, or rerun with --overwrite if the failed target now exists."
-	payload["hint"] = hint
-	if p, ok := errs.ProblemOf(err); ok {
-		payload["type"] = string(p.Category)
-		payload["subtype"] = string(p.Subtype)
-		if p.Code != 0 {
-			payload["code"] = p.Code
+	if logID := baseAttachmentDownloadLogID(err); logID != "" {
+		detail["log_id"] = logID
+	}
+	const hint = "Some files may already have been saved. Inspect error.detail.downloaded before retrying, or rerun with --overwrite if the failed target now exists."
+
+	var exitErr *output.ExitError
+	if errors.As(err, &exitErr) && exitErr.Detail != nil {
+		return &output.ExitError{
+			Code: exitErr.Code,
+			Detail: &output.ErrDetail{
+				Type:    exitErr.Detail.Type,
+				Code:    exitErr.Detail.Code,
+				Message: msg,
+				Hint:    hint,
+				Detail:  detail,
+			},
+			Err: err,
 		}
 	}
-	if logID := baseAttachmentDownloadLogID(err); logID != "" {
-		payload["log_id"] = logID
+	var netErr *errs.NetworkError
+	if errors.As(err, &netErr) {
+		return &output.ExitError{
+			Code: output.ExitNetwork,
+			Detail: &output.ErrDetail{
+				Type:    "network",
+				Code:    netErr.Code,
+				Message: msg,
+				Hint:    hint,
+				Detail:  detail,
+			},
+			Err: err,
+		}
+	}
+	return &output.ExitError{
+		Code: output.ExitInternal,
+		Detail: &output.ErrDetail{
+			Type:    "io",
+			Message: msg,
+			Hint:    hint,
+			Detail:  detail,
+		},
+		Err: err,
 	}
-	return runtime.OutPartialFailure(payload, nil)
 }
 
 func baseAttachmentDownloadLogID(err error) string {
-	if p, ok := errs.ProblemOf(err); ok {
-		if logID := strings.TrimSpace(p.LogID); logID != "" {
-			return logID
+	var netErr *errs.NetworkError
+	if errors.As(err, &netErr) {
+		if id := strings.TrimSpace(netErr.LogID); id != "" {
+			return id
+		}
+	}
+	var exitErr *output.ExitError
+	if errors.As(err, &exitErr) && exitErr.Detail != nil {
+		if detail, ok := exitErr.Detail.Detail.(map[string]interface{}); ok {
+			if logID, _ := detail["log_id"].(string); logID != "" {
+				return strings.TrimSpace(logID)
+			}
 		}
 	}
 	return ""

shortcuts/base/table_ops.go

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ package base
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"fmt"
 
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/shortcuts/common"
 )
@@ -116,7 +117,7 @@ func executeTableCreate(runtime *common.RuntimeContext) error {
 		for idx, item := range fieldItems {
 			body, ok := item.(map[string]interface{})
 			if !ok {
-				return baseValidationErrorf("--fields item %d must be an object", idx+1)
+				return fmt.Errorf("--fields item %d must be an object", idx+1)
 			}
 			if idx == 0 && len(defaultFields) > 0 {
 				fieldData, err := baseV3Call(runtime, "PUT", baseV3Path("bases", baseToken, "tables", tableIDValue, "fields", fieldID(defaultFields[0])), nil, body)

shortcuts/base/workflow_create.go

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ var BaseWorkflowCreate = common.Shortcut{
 	},
 	Validate: func(ctx context.Context, runtime *common.RuntimeContext) error {
 		if strings.TrimSpace(runtime.Str("base-token")) == "" {
-			return baseFlagErrorf("--base-token must not be blank")
+			return common.FlagErrorf("--base-token must not be blank")
 		}
 		pc := newParseCtx(runtime)
 		raw, err := loadJSONInput(pc, runtime.Str("json"), "json")

shortcuts/base/workflow_disable.go

@@ -27,10 +27,10 @@ var BaseWorkflowDisable = common.Shortcut{
 	},
 	Validate: func(ctx context.Context, runtime *common.RuntimeContext) error {
 		if strings.TrimSpace(runtime.Str("base-token")) == "" {
-			return baseFlagErrorf("--base-token must not be blank")
+			return common.FlagErrorf("--base-token must not be blank")
 		}
 		if strings.TrimSpace(runtime.Str("workflow-id")) == "" {
-			return baseFlagErrorf("--workflow-id must not be blank")
+			return common.FlagErrorf("--workflow-id must not be blank")
 		}
 		return nil
 	},

shortcuts/base/workflow_enable.go

@@ -28,10 +28,10 @@ var BaseWorkflowEnable = common.Shortcut{
 	},
 	Validate: func(ctx context.Context, runtime *common.RuntimeContext) error {
 		if strings.TrimSpace(runtime.Str("base-token")) == "" {
-			return baseFlagErrorf("--base-token must not be blank")
+			return common.FlagErrorf("--base-token must not be blank")
 		}
 		if strings.TrimSpace(runtime.Str("workflow-id")) == "" {
-			return baseFlagErrorf("--workflow-id must not be blank")
+			return common.FlagErrorf("--workflow-id must not be blank")
 		}
 		return nil
 	},

shortcuts/base/workflow_get.go

@@ -30,10 +30,10 @@ var BaseWorkflowGet = common.Shortcut{
 	},
 	Validate: func(ctx context.Context, runtime *common.RuntimeContext) error {
 		if strings.TrimSpace(runtime.Str("base-token")) == "" {
-			return baseFlagErrorf("--base-token must not be blank")
+			return common.FlagErrorf("--base-token must not be blank")
 		}
 		if strings.TrimSpace(runtime.Str("workflow-id")) == "" {
-			return baseFlagErrorf("--workflow-id must not be blank")
+			return common.FlagErrorf("--workflow-id must not be blank")
 		}
 		return nil
 	},

shortcuts/base/workflow_list.go

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ var BaseWorkflowList = common.Shortcut{
 	},
 	Validate: func(ctx context.Context, runtime *common.RuntimeContext) error {
 		if strings.TrimSpace(runtime.Str("base-token")) == "" {
-			return baseFlagErrorf("--base-token must not be blank")
+			return common.FlagErrorf("--base-token must not be blank")
 		}
 		return nil
 	},

shortcuts/base/workflow_update.go

@@ -33,10 +33,10 @@ var BaseWorkflowUpdate = common.Shortcut{
 	},
 	Validate: func(ctx context.Context, runtime *common.RuntimeContext) error {
 		if strings.TrimSpace(runtime.Str("base-token")) == "" {
-			return baseFlagErrorf("--base-token must not be blank")
+			return common.FlagErrorf("--base-token must not be blank")
 		}
 		if strings.TrimSpace(runtime.Str("workflow-id")) == "" {
-			return baseFlagErrorf("--workflow-id must not be blank")
+			return common.FlagErrorf("--workflow-id must not be blank")
 		}
 		pc := newParseCtx(runtime)
 		if _, err := parseJSONObject(pc, runtime.Str("json"), "json"); err != nil {

shortcuts/calendar/calendar_agenda.go

@@ -12,8 +12,8 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/output"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/util"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/validate"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/shortcuts/common"
 )
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ const (
 
 func fetchInstanceViewRange(ctx context.Context, runtime *common.RuntimeContext, calendarId string, startTime, endTime int64, depth int) ([]map[string]interface{}, error) {
 	if depth > 10 {
-		return nil, errs.NewInternalError(errs.SubtypeUnknown, "too many splits for instance_view")
+		return nil, output.Errorf(output.ExitInternal, "recursion_limit", "too many splits for instance_view")
 	}
 	if startTime > endTime {
 		return nil, nil
@@ -48,67 +48,68 @@ func fetchInstanceViewRange(ctx context.Context, runtime *common.RuntimeContext,
 		return append(left, right...), nil
 	}
 
-	data, err := runtime.CallAPITyped("GET",
+	result, err := runtime.RawAPI("GET",
 		fmt.Sprintf("/open-apis/calendar/v4/calendars/%s/events/instance_view", validate.EncodePathSegment(calendarId)),
 		map[string]interface{}{
 			"start_time": fmt.Sprintf("%d", startTime),
 			"end_time":   fmt.Sprintf("%d", endTime),
 		}, nil)
+	err = wrapPredefinedError(err)
 	if err != nil {
-		// CallAPITyped returns a typed error for any non-zero API code. The two
-		// calendar instance_view limits (193103 time-range, 193104 too-many) are
-		// recoverable by narrowing the window, so inspect the typed code and
-		// recurse instead of treating them as fatal. Any other code falls through
-		// to return the typed error unchanged.
-		p, ok := errs.ProblemOf(err)
-		if !ok {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-		switch p.Code {
-		case larkErrCalendarTimeRangeExceeded:
-			mid := startTime + span/2
-			if mid <= startTime {
-				return nil, errs.NewAPIError(errs.SubtypeInvalidParameters,
-					"query failed: time range exceeds 40-day limit, please narrow the range").
-					WithCode(larkErrCalendarTimeRangeExceeded)
-			}
-			return fetchInstanceViewSplit(ctx, runtime, calendarId, startTime, mid, endTime, depth)
-		case larkErrCalendarTooManyInstances:
-			if span <= minSplitWindowSeconds {
-				return nil, errs.NewAPIError(errs.SubtypeInvalidParameters,
-					"query failed: more than 1000 instances in the time range, please narrow the range").
-					WithCode(larkErrCalendarTooManyInstances)
-			}
-			mid := startTime + span/2
-			return fetchInstanceViewSplit(ctx, runtime, calendarId, startTime, mid, endTime, depth)
-		default:
-			return nil, err
-		}
+		return nil, output.Errorf(output.ExitAPI, "api_error", "API call failed: %s", err)
 	}
 
-	items, _ := data["items"].([]interface{})
-	var events []map[string]interface{}
-	for _, item := range items {
-		if m, ok := item.(map[string]interface{}); ok {
-			events = append(events, m)
-		}
-	}
-	return events, nil
-}
+	resultMap, _ := result.(map[string]interface{})
+	code, _ := util.ToFloat64(resultMap["code"])
 
-// fetchInstanceViewSplit halves [startTime, endTime] at mid and concatenates the
-// results of the two recursive sub-range queries. Shared by the 193103/193104
-// split paths.
-func fetchInstanceViewSplit(ctx context.Context, runtime *common.RuntimeContext, calendarId string, startTime, mid, endTime int64, depth int) ([]map[string]interface{}, error) {
-	left, err := fetchInstanceViewRange(ctx, runtime, calendarId, startTime, mid, depth+1)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
+	if code == 0 {
+		data, _ := resultMap["data"].(map[string]interface{})
+		items, _ := data["items"].([]interface{})
+		var events []map[string]interface{}
+		for _, item := range items {
+			if m, ok := item.(map[string]interface{}); ok {
+				events = append(events, m)
+			}
+		}
+		return events, nil
 	}
-	right, err := fetchInstanceViewRange(ctx, runtime, calendarId, mid+1, endTime, depth+1)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
+
+	// Error 193103: time range exceeds limit -> split
+	if int(code) == larkErrCalendarTimeRangeExceeded {
+		mid := startTime + span/2
+		if mid <= startTime {
+			return nil, output.Errorf(output.ExitAPI, "api_error", "query failed: time range exceeds 40-day limit, please narrow the range")
+		}
+		left, err := fetchInstanceViewRange(ctx, runtime, calendarId, startTime, mid, depth+1)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		right, err := fetchInstanceViewRange(ctx, runtime, calendarId, mid+1, endTime, depth+1)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		return append(left, right...), nil
 	}
-	return append(left, right...), nil
+
+	// Error 193104: too many instances -> split
+	if int(code) == larkErrCalendarTooManyInstances {
+		if span <= minSplitWindowSeconds {
+			return nil, output.Errorf(output.ExitAPI, "api_error", "query failed: more than 1000 instances in the time range, please narrow the range")
+		}
+		mid := startTime + span/2
+		left, err := fetchInstanceViewRange(ctx, runtime, calendarId, startTime, mid, depth+1)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		right, err := fetchInstanceViewRange(ctx, runtime, calendarId, mid+1, endTime, depth+1)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		return append(left, right...), nil
+	}
+
+	msg, _ := resultMap["msg"].(string)
+	return nil, output.ErrAPI(int(code), msg, resultMap["error"])
 }
 
 func dedupeAndSortItems(items []map[string]interface{}) []map[string]interface{} {
@@ -146,20 +147,20 @@ func parseTimeRange(runtime *common.RuntimeContext) (int64, int64, error) {
 
 	startTime, err := common.ParseTime(startInput)
 	if err != nil {
-		return 0, 0, errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, "--start: %v", err).WithParam("--start")
+		return 0, 0, output.ErrValidation("--start: %v", err)
 	}
 	endTime, err := common.ParseTime(endInput, "end")
 	if err != nil {
-		return 0, 0, errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, "--end: %v", err).WithParam("--end")
+		return 0, 0, output.ErrValidation("--end: %v", err)
 	}
 
 	startInt, err := strconv.ParseInt(startTime, 10, 64)
 	if err != nil {
-		return 0, 0, errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, "invalid start time: %v", err).WithParam("--start")
+		return 0, 0, output.ErrValidation("invalid start time: %v", err)
 	}
 	endInt, err := strconv.ParseInt(endTime, 10, 64)
 	if err != nil {
-		return 0, 0, errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, "invalid end time: %v", err).WithParam("--end")
+		return 0, 0, output.ErrValidation("invalid end time: %v", err)
 	}
 
 	return startInt, endInt, nil

shortcuts/calendar/calendar_create.go

@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/output"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/validate"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/shortcuts/common"
@@ -61,7 +60,7 @@ func parseAttendees(attendeesStr string, currentUserId string) ([]map[string]str
 		case strings.HasPrefix(id, "ou_"):
 			attendees = append(attendees, map[string]string{"type": "user", "user_id": id})
 		default:
-			return nil, errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, "unsupported attendee id format: %s", id)
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("unsupported attendee id format: %s", id)
 		}
 	}
 	return attendees, nil
@@ -90,8 +89,8 @@ var CalendarCreate = common.Shortcut{
 		}
 		for _, flag := range []string{"summary", "description", "rrule", "calendar-id"} {
 			if val := runtime.Str(flag); val != "" {
-				if err := common.RejectDangerousCharsTyped("--"+flag, val); err != nil {
-					return err
+				if err := common.RejectDangerousChars("--"+flag, val); err != nil {
+					return output.ErrValidation(err.Error())
 				}
 			}
 		}
@@ -103,35 +102,35 @@ var CalendarCreate = common.Shortcut{
 					continue
 				}
 				if !strings.HasPrefix(id, "ou_") && !strings.HasPrefix(id, "oc_") && !strings.HasPrefix(id, "omm_") {
-					return errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, "invalid attendee id format %q: should start with 'ou_', 'oc_', or 'omm_'", id).WithParam("--attendee-ids")
+					return output.ErrValidation("invalid attendee id format %q: should start with 'ou_', 'oc_', or 'omm_'", id)
 				}
 			}
 		}
 
 		if runtime.Str("start") == "" {
-			return errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, "specify --start (e.g. '2026-03-12T14:00+08:00')").WithParam("--start")
+			return common.FlagErrorf("specify --start (e.g. '2026-03-12T14:00+08:00')")
 		}
 		if runtime.Str("end") == "" {
-			return errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, "specify --end (e.g. '2026-03-12T15:00+08:00')").WithParam("--end")
+			return common.FlagErrorf("specify --end (e.g. '2026-03-12T15:00+08:00')")
 		}
 		startTs, err := common.ParseTime(runtime.Str("start"))
 		if err != nil {
-			return errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, "--start: %v", err).WithParam("--start")
+			return common.FlagErrorf("--start: %v", err)
 		}
 		endTs, err := common.ParseTime(runtime.Str("end"), "end")
 		if err != nil {
-			return errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, "--end: %v", err).WithParam("--end")
+			return common.FlagErrorf("--end: %v", err)
 		}
 		s, err := strconv.ParseInt(startTs, 10, 64)
 		if err != nil {
-			return errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, "invalid start time: %v", err).WithParam("--start")
+			return common.FlagErrorf("invalid start time: %v", err)
 		}
 		e, err := strconv.ParseInt(endTs, 10, 64)
 		if err != nil {
-			return errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, "invalid end time: %v", err).WithParam("--end")
+			return common.FlagErrorf("invalid end time: %v", err)
 		}
 		if e <= s {
-			return errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, "end time must be after start time")
+			return common.FlagErrorf("end time must be after start time")
 		}
 		return nil
 	},
@@ -184,26 +183,27 @@ var CalendarCreate = common.Shortcut{
 
 		startTs, err := common.ParseTime(runtime.Str("start"))
 		if err != nil {
-			return errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, "--start: %v", err).WithParam("--start")
+			return output.ErrValidation("--start: %v", err)
 		}
 		endTs, err := common.ParseTime(runtime.Str("end"), "end")
 		if err != nil {
-			return errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, "--end: %v", err).WithParam("--end")
+			return output.ErrValidation("--end: %v", err)
 		}
 
 		eventData := buildEventData(runtime, startTs, endTs)
 
 		// Create event
-		data, err := runtime.CallAPITyped("POST",
+		data, err := runtime.CallAPI("POST",
 			fmt.Sprintf("/open-apis/calendar/v4/calendars/%s/events", validate.EncodePathSegment(calendarId)),
 			nil, eventData)
+		err = wrapPredefinedError(err)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 		event, _ := data["event"].(map[string]interface{})
 		eventId, _ := event["event_id"].(string)
 		if eventId == "" {
-			return errs.NewInternalError(errs.SubtypeInvalidResponse, "failed to create event: no event_id returned")
+			return output.Errorf(output.ExitAPI, "api_error", "failed to create event: no event_id returned")
 		}
 
 		// Add attendees if specified
@@ -214,25 +214,27 @@ var CalendarCreate = common.Shortcut{
 			}
 			attendees, err := parseAttendees(attendeesStr, currentUserId)
 			if err != nil {
-				return withParam(err, "--attendee-ids")
+				return output.ErrValidation("invalid attendee id: %v", err)
 			}
 
-			_, err = runtime.CallAPITyped("POST",
+			_, err = runtime.CallAPI("POST",
 				fmt.Sprintf("/open-apis/calendar/v4/calendars/%s/events/%s/attendees", validate.EncodePathSegment(calendarId), validate.EncodePathSegment(eventId)),
 				map[string]interface{}{"user_id_type": "open_id"},
 				map[string]interface{}{
 					"attendees":         attendees,
 					"need_notification": true,
 				})
+			err = wrapPredefinedError(err)
 			if err != nil {
 				// Rollback: delete the event
-				_, rollbackErr := runtime.CallAPITyped("DELETE",
+				_, rollbackErr := runtime.RawAPI("DELETE",
 					fmt.Sprintf("/open-apis/calendar/v4/calendars/%s/events/%s", validate.EncodePathSegment(calendarId), validate.EncodePathSegment(eventId)),
 					map[string]interface{}{"need_notification": false}, nil)
+				rollbackErr = wrapPredefinedError(rollbackErr)
 				if rollbackErr != nil {
-					return withStepContext(err, "rollback also failed (%v); orphan event_id=%s needs manual cleanup", rollbackErr, eventId)
+					return output.Errorf(output.ExitAPI, "api_error", "failed to add attendees: %v; rollback also failed, orphan event_id=%s needs manual cleanup", rollbackErr, eventId)
 				}
-				return withStepContext(err, "event rolled back successfully")
+				return output.Errorf(output.ExitAPI, "api_error", "failed to add attendees: %v; event rolled back successfully", err)
 			}
 		}
 

shortcuts/calendar/calendar_freebusy.go

@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@ import (
 	"strconv"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/output"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/shortcuts/common"
 )
@@ -21,20 +20,20 @@ func parseFreebusyTimeRange(runtime *common.RuntimeContext) (string, string, err
 
 	startTs, err := common.ParseTime(startInput)
 	if err != nil {
-		return "", "", errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, "--start: %v", err).WithParam("--start")
+		return "", "", output.ErrValidation("--start: %v", err)
 	}
 	endTs, err := common.ParseTime(endInput, "end")
 	if err != nil {
-		return "", "", errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, "--end: %v", err).WithParam("--end")
+		return "", "", output.ErrValidation("--end: %v", err)
 	}
 
 	startSec, err := strconv.ParseInt(startTs, 10, 64)
 	if err != nil {
-		return "", "", errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, "invalid start timestamp: %v", err)
+		return "", "", output.ErrValidation("invalid start timestamp: %v", err)
 	}
 	endSec, err := strconv.ParseInt(endTs, 10, 64)
 	if err != nil {
-		return "", "", errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, "invalid end timestamp: %v", err)
+		return "", "", output.ErrValidation("invalid end timestamp: %v", err)
 	}
 
 	timeMin := time.Unix(startSec, 0).Format(time.RFC3339)
@@ -74,13 +73,13 @@ var CalendarFreebusy = common.Shortcut{
 		}
 		userId := runtime.Str("user-id")
 		if userId == "" && runtime.IsBot() {
-			return errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, "--user-id is required for bot identity").WithParam("--user-id")
+			return common.FlagErrorf("--user-id is required for bot identity")
 		}
 		if userId == "" && runtime.UserOpenId() == "" {
-			return errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, "cannot determine user ID, specify --user-id or ensure you are logged in").WithParam("--user-id")
+			return common.FlagErrorf("cannot determine user ID, specify --user-id or ensure you are logged in")
 		}
 		if userId != "" {
-			if _, err := common.ValidateUserIDTyped("--user-id", userId); err != nil {
+			if _, err := common.ValidateUserID(userId); err != nil {
 				return err
 			}
 		}
@@ -94,17 +93,16 @@ var CalendarFreebusy = common.Shortcut{
 
 		timeMin, timeMax, err := parseFreebusyTimeRange(runtime)
 		if err != nil {
-			// parseFreebusyTimeRange already returns a typed *errs.ValidationError
-			// carrying the offending flag in .Param; pass it through unchanged.
-			return err
+			return output.ErrValidation("--start/--end: %v", err)
 		}
 
-		data, err := runtime.CallAPITyped("POST", "/open-apis/calendar/v4/freebusy/list", nil, map[string]interface{}{
+		data, err := runtime.CallAPI("POST", "/open-apis/calendar/v4/freebusy/list", nil, map[string]interface{}{
 			"time_min":         timeMin,
 			"time_max":         timeMax,
 			"user_id":          userId,
 			"need_rsvp_status": true,
 		})
+		err = wrapPredefinedError(err)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}

shortcuts/calendar/calendar_room_find.go

@@ -8,13 +8,13 @@ import (
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
+	"net/http"
 	"sort"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/output"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/shortcuts/common"
 	larkcore "github.com/larksuite/oapi-sdk-go/v3/core"
@@ -126,40 +126,40 @@ func collectRoomFindResults(slots []roomFindSlot, limit int, fetch func(roomFind
 func parseRoomFindSlots(runtime *common.RuntimeContext) ([]roomFindSlot, error) {
 	rawSlots := runtime.StrArray(flagSlot)
 	if len(rawSlots) == 0 {
-		return nil, errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, "specify at least one --slot").WithParam("--slot")
+		return nil, output.ErrValidation("specify at least one --slot")
 	}
 	slots := make([]roomFindSlot, 0, len(rawSlots))
 	for _, raw := range rawSlots {
 		parts := strings.Split(strings.TrimSpace(raw), "~")
 		if len(parts) != 2 {
-			return nil, errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, "invalid --slot format %q, expected start~end", raw).WithParam("--slot")
+			return nil, output.ErrValidation("invalid --slot format %q, expected start~end", raw)
 		}
 		startTs, err := common.ParseTime(parts[0])
 		if err != nil {
-			return nil, errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, "invalid slot start time %q: %v", parts[0], err).WithParam("--slot")
+			return nil, output.ErrValidation("invalid slot start time %q: %v", parts[0], err)
 		}
 		endTs, err := common.ParseTime(parts[1])
 		if err != nil {
-			return nil, errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, "invalid slot end time %q: %v", parts[1], err).WithParam("--slot")
+			return nil, output.ErrValidation("invalid slot end time %q: %v", parts[1], err)
 		}
 		startSec, err := strconv.ParseInt(startTs, 10, 64)
 		if err != nil {
-			return nil, errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, "invalid slot start timestamp %q: %v", startTs, err).WithParam("--slot")
+			return nil, output.ErrValidation("invalid slot start timestamp %q: %v", startTs, err)
 		}
 		endSec, err := strconv.ParseInt(endTs, 10, 64)
 		if err != nil {
-			return nil, errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, "invalid slot end timestamp %q: %v", endTs, err).WithParam("--slot")
+			return nil, output.ErrValidation("invalid slot end timestamp %q: %v", endTs, err)
 		}
 		if endSec <= startSec {
-			return nil, errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, "--slot end time must be after start time: %q", raw).WithParam("--slot")
+			return nil, output.ErrValidation("--slot end time must be after start time: %q", raw)
 		}
 		startRFC3339, err := unixStringToRFC3339(startTs)
 		if err != nil {
-			return nil, errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, "invalid slot start timestamp %q: %v", startTs, err).WithParam("--slot")
+			return nil, output.ErrValidation("invalid slot start timestamp %q: %v", startTs, err)
 		}
 		endRFC3339, err := unixStringToRFC3339(endTs)
 		if err != nil {
-			return nil, errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, "invalid slot end timestamp %q: %v", endTs, err).WithParam("--slot")
+			return nil, output.ErrValidation("invalid slot end timestamp %q: %v", endTs, err)
 		}
 		slots = append(slots, roomFindSlot{Start: startRFC3339, End: endRFC3339})
 	}
@@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ func parseRoomFindAttendees(attendeesStr string, currentUserID string) ([]string
 				seenChats[id] = true
 			}
 		default:
-			return nil, nil, errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, "invalid attendee id format %q: should start with 'ou_' or 'oc_'", id).WithParam("--" + flagAttendees)
+			return nil, nil, output.ErrValidation("invalid attendee id format %q: should start with 'ou_' or 'oc_'", id)
 		}
 	}
 	if currentUserID != "" && !seenUsers[currentUserID] {
@@ -249,19 +249,20 @@ func callRoomFind(runtime *common.RuntimeContext, req *roomFindRequest) ([]*room
 		Body:       req,
 	})
 	if err != nil {
-		if _, ok := errs.ProblemOf(err); ok {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-		return nil, errs.WrapInternal(err)
+		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	if _, err := runtime.ClassifyAPIResponse(apiResp); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
+	if apiResp.StatusCode < http.StatusOK || apiResp.StatusCode >= http.StatusMultipleChoices {
+		return nil, output.ErrAPI(apiResp.StatusCode, "", string(apiResp.RawBody))
 	}
 
 	var resp = &OpenAPIResponse[*roomFindData]{}
 	if err := json.Unmarshal(apiResp.RawBody, &resp); err != nil {
-		return nil, errs.NewInternalError(errs.SubtypeInvalidResponse, "unmarshal response fail").WithCause(err)
+		return nil, output.ErrWithHint(output.ExitInternal, "validation", "unmarshal response fail", err.Error())
+	}
+
+	if resp.Code != 0 {
+		return nil, output.ErrAPI(resp.Code, resp.Msg, resp.Data)
 	}
 
 	if resp.Data != nil {
@@ -316,8 +317,8 @@ var CalendarRoomFind = common.Shortcut{
 		}
 		for _, flag := range []string{flagCity, flagBuilding, flagFloor, flagEventRrule, flagTimezone} {
 			if val := strings.TrimSpace(runtime.Str(flag)); val != "" {
-				if err := common.RejectDangerousCharsTyped("--"+flag, val); err != nil {
-					return err
+				if err := common.RejectDangerousChars("--"+flag, val); err != nil {
+					return output.ErrValidation(err.Error())
 				}
 			}
 		}
@@ -326,8 +327,8 @@ var CalendarRoomFind = common.Shortcut{
 			if name == "" {
 				continue
 			}
-			if err := common.RejectDangerousCharsTyped("--"+flagRoomName, name); err != nil {
-				return err
+			if err := common.RejectDangerousChars("--"+flagRoomName, name); err != nil {
+				return output.ErrValidation(err.Error())
 			}
 		}
 		if _, err := parseRoomFindSlots(runtime); err != nil {
@@ -337,13 +338,13 @@ var CalendarRoomFind = common.Shortcut{
 			return err
 		}
 		if minCapacity := runtime.Int(flagMinCapacity); minCapacity < 0 {
-			return errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, "--min-capacity must be >= 0").WithParam("--min-capacity")
+			return output.ErrValidation("--min-capacity must be >= 0")
 		}
 		if maxCapacity := runtime.Int(flagMaxCapacity); maxCapacity < 0 {
-			return errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, "--max-capacity must be >= 0").WithParam("--max-capacity")
+			return output.ErrValidation("--max-capacity must be >= 0")
 		}
 		if minCapacity, maxCapacity := runtime.Int(flagMinCapacity), runtime.Int(flagMaxCapacity); minCapacity > 0 && maxCapacity > 0 && minCapacity > maxCapacity {
-			return errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, "--min-capacity must be <= --max-capacity").WithParam("--min-capacity")
+			return output.ErrValidation("--min-capacity must be <= --max-capacity")
 		}
 		return nil
 	},

shortcuts/calendar/calendar_rsvp.go

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"strings"
 
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/output"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/validate"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/shortcuts/common"
 )
@@ -51,15 +51,15 @@ var CalendarRsvp = common.Shortcut{
 		}
 		for _, flag := range []string{"calendar-id", "event-id", "rsvp-status"} {
 			if val := strings.TrimSpace(runtime.Str(flag)); val != "" {
-				if err := common.RejectDangerousCharsTyped("--"+flag, val); err != nil {
-					return err
+				if err := common.RejectDangerousChars("--"+flag, val); err != nil {
+					return output.ErrValidation(err.Error())
 				}
 			}
 		}
 
 		eventId := strings.TrimSpace(runtime.Str("event-id"))
 		if eventId == "" {
-			return errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, "event-id cannot be empty").WithParam("--event-id")
+			return output.ErrValidation("event-id cannot be empty")
 		}
 		return nil
 	},
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ var CalendarRsvp = common.Shortcut{
 		eventId := strings.TrimSpace(runtime.Str("event-id"))
 		status := strings.TrimSpace(runtime.Str("rsvp-status"))
 
-		_, err := runtime.CallAPITyped("POST",
+		_, err := runtime.DoAPIJSON("POST",
 			fmt.Sprintf("/open-apis/calendar/v4/calendars/%s/events/%s/reply",
 				validate.EncodePathSegment(calendarId),
 				validate.EncodePathSegment(eventId)),

shortcuts/calendar/calendar_suggestion.go

@@ -8,13 +8,13 @@ import (
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
+	"net/http"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	"time"
 
 	larkcore "github.com/larksuite/oapi-sdk-go/v3/core"
 
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/output"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/shortcuts/common"
 )
@@ -70,11 +70,11 @@ func buildSuggestionRequest(runtime *common.RuntimeContext) (*SuggestionRequest,
 
 	timeMin, err := common.ParseTime(startInput)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, "invalid --start: %v", err).WithParam("--start")
+		return nil, output.ErrValidation("invalid --start: %v", err)
 	}
 	minSec, err := strconv.ParseInt(timeMin, 10, 64)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, "invalid start timestamp: %v", err)
+		return nil, output.ErrValidation("invalid start timestamp: %v", err)
 	}
 	startTime := time.Unix(minSec, 0)
 
@@ -87,12 +87,12 @@ func buildSuggestionRequest(runtime *common.RuntimeContext) (*SuggestionRequest,
 
 	timeMax, err := common.ParseTime(endInput, "end")
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, "invalid --end: %v", err).WithParam("--end")
+		return nil, output.ErrValidation("invalid --end: %v", err)
 	}
 	// Convert Unix timestamp string back to RFC3339 since the API requires RFC3339
 	maxSec, err := strconv.ParseInt(timeMax, 10, 64)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, "invalid end timestamp: %v", err)
+		return nil, output.ErrValidation("invalid end timestamp: %v", err)
 	}
 	req.SearchStartTime = startTime.Format(time.RFC3339)
 	req.SearchEndTime = time.Unix(maxSec, 0).Format(time.RFC3339)
@@ -157,23 +157,23 @@ func buildSuggestionRequest(runtime *common.RuntimeContext) (*SuggestionRequest,
 			}
 			parts := strings.Split(r, "~")
 			if len(parts) != 2 {
-				return nil, errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, "invalid --exclude format %q, expected 'start~end'", r).WithParam("--exclude")
+				return nil, output.ErrValidation("invalid --exclude format %q, expected 'start~end'", r)
 			}
 			startTsStr, err := common.ParseTime(parts[0])
 			if err != nil {
-				return nil, errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, "invalid start time in --exclude: %q (%v)", parts[0], err).WithParam("--exclude")
+				return nil, output.ErrValidation("invalid start time in --exclude: %q (%v)", parts[0], err)
 			}
 			endTsStr, err := common.ParseTime(parts[1], "end")
 			if err != nil {
-				return nil, errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, "invalid end time in --exclude: %q (%v)", parts[1], err).WithParam("--exclude")
+				return nil, output.ErrValidation("invalid end time in --exclude: %q (%v)", parts[1], err)
 			}
 			startSec, err := strconv.ParseInt(startTsStr, 10, 64)
 			if err != nil {
-				return nil, errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, "invalid start timestamp in --exclude: %v", err).WithParam("--exclude")
+				return nil, output.ErrValidation("invalid start timestamp in --exclude: %v", err)
 			}
 			endSec, err := strconv.ParseInt(endTsStr, 10, 64)
 			if err != nil {
-				return nil, errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, "invalid end timestamp in --exclude: %v", err).WithParam("--exclude")
+				return nil, output.ErrValidation("invalid end timestamp in --exclude: %v", err)
 			}
 			excludedTimes = append(excludedTimes, &EventTime{
 				EventStartTime: time.Unix(startSec, 0).Format(time.RFC3339),
@@ -219,13 +219,13 @@ var CalendarSuggestion = common.Shortcut{
 		}
 		durationMinutes := runtime.Int(flagDurationMinutes)
 		if durationMinutes != 0 && (durationMinutes < 1 || durationMinutes > 1440) {
-			return errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, "--duration-minutes must be between 1 and 1440").WithParam("--duration-minutes")
+			return output.ErrValidation("--duration-minutes must be between 1 and 1440")
 		}
 
 		for _, flag := range []string{flagEventRrule, flagTimezone} {
 			if val := runtime.Str(flag); val != "" {
-				if err := common.RejectDangerousCharsTyped("--"+flag, val); err != nil {
-					return err
+				if err := common.RejectDangerousChars("--"+flag, val); err != nil {
+					return output.ErrValidation(err.Error())
 				}
 			}
 		}
@@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ var CalendarSuggestion = common.Shortcut{
 					continue
 				}
 				if !strings.HasPrefix(id, "ou_") && !strings.HasPrefix(id, "oc_") {
-					return errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, "invalid attendee id format %q: should start with 'ou_' or 'oc_'", id).WithParam("--" + flagAttendees)
+					return output.ErrValidation("invalid attendee id format %q: should start with 'ou_' or 'oc_'", id)
 				}
 			}
 		}
@@ -245,14 +245,14 @@ var CalendarSuggestion = common.Shortcut{
 		startInput := runtime.Str(flagStart)
 		if startInput != "" {
 			if _, err := common.ParseTime(startInput); err != nil {
-				return errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, "invalid start time: %v", err).WithParam("--start")
+				return output.ErrValidation("invalid start time: %v", err)
 			}
 		}
 
 		endInput := runtime.Str(flagEnd)
 		if endInput != "" {
 			if _, err := common.ParseTime(endInput, "end"); err != nil {
-				return errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, "invalid end time: %v", err).WithParam("--end")
+				return output.ErrValidation("invalid end time: %v", err)
 			}
 		}
 
@@ -267,13 +267,13 @@ var CalendarSuggestion = common.Shortcut{
 				}
 				parts := strings.Split(r, "~")
 				if len(parts) != 2 {
-					return errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, "invalid range format in --exclude: %q, expect start~end", r).WithParam("--exclude")
+					return output.ErrValidation("invalid range format in --exclude: %q, expect start~end", r)
 				}
 				if _, err := common.ParseTime(parts[0]); err != nil {
-					return errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, "invalid start time in --exclude: %q (%v)", parts[0], err).WithParam("--exclude")
+					return output.ErrValidation("invalid start time in --exclude: %q (%v)", parts[0], err)
 				}
 				if _, err := common.ParseTime(parts[1], "end"); err != nil {
-					return errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, "invalid end time in --exclude: %q (%v)", parts[1], err).WithParam("--exclude")
+					return output.ErrValidation("invalid end time in --exclude: %q (%v)", parts[1], err)
 				}
 			}
 		}
@@ -292,19 +292,20 @@ var CalendarSuggestion = common.Shortcut{
 			Body:       req,
 		})
 		if err != nil {
-			if _, ok := errs.ProblemOf(err); ok {
-				return err
-			}
-			return errs.WrapInternal(err)
+			return err
 		}
 
-		if _, err := runtime.ClassifyAPIResponse(apiResp); err != nil {
-			return err
+		if apiResp.StatusCode < http.StatusOK || apiResp.StatusCode >= http.StatusMultipleChoices {
+			return output.ErrAPI(apiResp.StatusCode, "", string(apiResp.RawBody))
 		}
 
 		var resp = &OpenAPIResponse[*SuggestionResponse]{}
 		if err := json.Unmarshal(apiResp.RawBody, &resp); err != nil {
-			return errs.NewInternalError(errs.SubtypeInvalidResponse, "unmarshal response fail").WithCause(err)
+			return output.ErrWithHint(output.ExitInternal, "validation", "unmarshal response fail", err.Error())
+		}
+
+		if resp.Code != 0 {
+			return output.ErrAPI(resp.Code, resp.Msg, resp.Data)
 		}
 
 		data := resp.Data

shortcuts/calendar/calendar_update.go

@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/output"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/validate"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/shortcuts/common"
@@ -54,14 +53,14 @@ func validateCalendarUpdate(runtime *common.RuntimeContext) error {
 	}
 	for _, flag := range []string{"event-id", "summary", "description", "rrule", "calendar-id", "start", "end", "add-attendee-ids", "remove-attendee-ids"} {
 		if val := runtime.Str(flag); val != "" {
-			if err := common.RejectDangerousCharsTyped("--"+flag, val); err != nil {
-				return err
+			if err := common.RejectDangerousChars("--"+flag, val); err != nil {
+				return output.ErrValidation(err.Error())
 			}
 		}
 	}
 
 	if strings.TrimSpace(runtime.Str("event-id")) == "" {
-		return errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, "specify --event-id").WithParam("--event-id")
+		return common.FlagErrorf("specify --event-id")
 	}
 	if _, _, err := buildCalendarUpdateEventData(runtime); err != nil {
 		return err
@@ -70,7 +69,7 @@ func validateCalendarUpdate(runtime *common.RuntimeContext) error {
 		return err
 	}
 	if !hasCalendarUpdateOperation(runtime) {
-		return errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, "nothing to update: specify at least one of --summary, --description, --start/--end, --rrule, --add-attendee-ids, or --remove-attendee-ids")
+		return common.FlagErrorf("nothing to update: specify at least one of --summary, --description, --start/--end, --rrule, --add-attendee-ids, or --remove-attendee-ids")
 	}
 	return nil
 }
@@ -78,11 +77,11 @@ func validateCalendarUpdate(runtime *common.RuntimeContext) error {
 func validateCalendarUpdateAttendees(runtime *common.RuntimeContext) error {
 	addIDs, err := parseCalendarAttendeeIDs(runtime.Str("add-attendee-ids"))
 	if err != nil {
-		return withParam(err, "--add-attendee-ids")
+		return err
 	}
 	removeIDs, err := parseCalendarAttendeeIDs(runtime.Str("remove-attendee-ids"))
 	if err != nil {
-		return withParam(err, "--remove-attendee-ids")
+		return err
 	}
 	removeSet := make(map[string]struct{}, len(removeIDs))
 	for _, id := range removeIDs {
@@ -90,7 +89,7 @@ func validateCalendarUpdateAttendees(runtime *common.RuntimeContext) error {
 	}
 	for _, id := range addIDs {
 		if _, ok := removeSet[id]; ok {
-			return errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, "attendee id %q appears in both --add-attendee-ids and --remove-attendee-ids", id)
+			return output.ErrValidation("attendee id %q appears in both --add-attendee-ids and --remove-attendee-ids", id)
 		}
 	}
 	return nil
@@ -125,27 +124,27 @@ func buildCalendarUpdateEventData(runtime *common.RuntimeContext) (map[string]in
 	startChanged := runtime.Cmd.Flags().Changed("start")
 	endChanged := runtime.Cmd.Flags().Changed("end")
 	if startChanged != endChanged {
-		return nil, false, errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, "--start and --end must be specified together when updating event time")
+		return nil, false, common.FlagErrorf("--start and --end must be specified together when updating event time")
 	}
 	if startChanged {
 		startTs, err := common.ParseTime(runtime.Str("start"))
 		if err != nil {
-			return nil, false, errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, "--start: %v", err).WithParam("--start")
+			return nil, false, common.FlagErrorf("--start: %v", err)
 		}
 		endTs, err := common.ParseTime(runtime.Str("end"), "end")
 		if err != nil {
-			return nil, false, errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, "--end: %v", err).WithParam("--end")
+			return nil, false, common.FlagErrorf("--end: %v", err)
 		}
 		s, err := strconv.ParseInt(startTs, 10, 64)
 		if err != nil {
-			return nil, false, errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, "invalid start time: %v", err).WithParam("--start")
+			return nil, false, common.FlagErrorf("invalid start time: %v", err)
 		}
 		e, err := strconv.ParseInt(endTs, 10, 64)
 		if err != nil {
-			return nil, false, errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, "invalid end time: %v", err).WithParam("--end")
+			return nil, false, common.FlagErrorf("invalid end time: %v", err)
 		}
 		if e <= s {
-			return nil, false, errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, "end time must be after start time")
+			return nil, false, common.FlagErrorf("end time must be after start time")
 		}
 		body["start_time"] = map[string]string{"timestamp": startTs}
 		body["end_time"] = map[string]string{"timestamp": endTs}
@@ -170,7 +169,7 @@ func parseCalendarAttendeeIDs(attendeesStr string) ([]string, error) {
 			continue
 		}
 		if !strings.HasPrefix(id, "ou_") && !strings.HasPrefix(id, "oc_") && !strings.HasPrefix(id, "omm_") {
-			return nil, errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, "invalid attendee id format %q: should start with 'ou_', 'oc_', or 'omm_'", id)
+			return nil, output.ErrValidation("invalid attendee id format %q: should start with 'ou_', 'oc_', or 'omm_'", id)
 		}
 		if _, ok := seen[id]; ok {
 			continue
@@ -196,7 +195,7 @@ func attendeeDeleteIDs(attendeesStr string) ([]map[string]string, error) {
 		case strings.HasPrefix(id, "ou_"):
 			deleteIDs = append(deleteIDs, map[string]string{"type": "user", "user_id": id})
 		default:
-			return nil, errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, "invalid attendee id format %q: should start with 'ou_', 'oc_', or 'omm_'", id).WithParam("--remove-attendee-ids")
+			return nil, output.ErrValidation("invalid attendee id format %q: should start with 'ou_', 'oc_', or 'omm_'", id)
 		}
 	}
 	return deleteIDs, nil
@@ -281,7 +280,7 @@ func dryRunCalendarUpdate(runtime *common.RuntimeContext) *common.DryRunAPI {
 func executeCalendarUpdate(_ context.Context, runtime *common.RuntimeContext) error {
 	calendarID, eventID := calendarUpdateIDs(runtime)
 	if eventID == "" {
-		return errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, "specify --event-id").WithParam("--event-id")
+		return output.ErrValidation("specify --event-id")
 	}
 
 	body, hasEventFields, err := buildCalendarUpdateEventData(runtime)
@@ -292,9 +291,10 @@ func executeCalendarUpdate(_ context.Context, runtime *common.RuntimeContext) er
 	completed := []string{}
 	event := map[string]interface{}{}
 	if hasEventFields {
-		data, err := runtime.CallAPITyped("PATCH", calendarUpdateEventPath(calendarID, eventID), map[string]interface{}{"user_id_type": "open_id"}, body)
+		data, err := runtime.CallAPI("PATCH", calendarUpdateEventPath(calendarID, eventID), map[string]interface{}{"user_id_type": "open_id"}, body)
+		err = wrapPredefinedError(err)
 		if err != nil {
-			return withStepContext(err, "failed to update event %s after completed steps %v", eventID, completed)
+			return output.Errorf(output.ExitAPI, "api_error", "failed to update event %s: %v", eventID, err)
 		}
 		if v, _ := data["event"].(map[string]interface{}); v != nil {
 			event = v
@@ -308,11 +308,12 @@ func executeCalendarUpdate(_ context.Context, runtime *common.RuntimeContext) er
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
-		_, err = runtime.CallAPITyped("POST", calendarUpdateAttendeesPath(calendarID, eventID)+"/batch_delete",
+		_, err = runtime.CallAPI("POST", calendarUpdateAttendeesPath(calendarID, eventID)+"/batch_delete",
 			map[string]interface{}{"user_id_type": "open_id"},
 			map[string]interface{}{"delete_ids": deleteIDs, "need_notification": runtime.Bool("notify")})
+		err = wrapPredefinedError(err)
 		if err != nil {
-			return withStepContext(err, "failed to remove attendees from event %s after completed steps %v", eventID, completed)
+			return output.Errorf(output.ExitAPI, "api_error", "failed to remove attendees from event %s after completed steps %v: %v", eventID, completed, err)
 		}
 		removedCount = len(deleteIDs)
 		completed = append(completed, "remove_attendees")
@@ -322,13 +323,14 @@ func executeCalendarUpdate(_ context.Context, runtime *common.RuntimeContext) er
 	if addStr := runtime.Str("add-attendee-ids"); strings.TrimSpace(addStr) != "" {
 		attendees, err := parseAttendees(addStr, "")
 		if err != nil {
-			return withParam(err, "--add-attendee-ids")
+			return output.ErrValidation("invalid attendee id: %v", err)
 		}
-		_, err = runtime.CallAPITyped("POST", calendarUpdateAttendeesPath(calendarID, eventID),
+		_, err = runtime.CallAPI("POST", calendarUpdateAttendeesPath(calendarID, eventID),
 			map[string]interface{}{"user_id_type": "open_id"},
 			map[string]interface{}{"attendees": attendees, "need_notification": runtime.Bool("notify")})
+		err = wrapPredefinedError(err)
 		if err != nil {
-			return withStepContext(err, "failed to add attendees to event %s after completed steps %v", eventID, completed)
+			return output.Errorf(output.ExitAPI, "api_error", "failed to add attendees to event %s after completed steps %v: %v", eventID, completed, err)
 		}
 		addedCount = len(attendees)
 	}

shortcuts/calendar/errors.go

@@ -6,39 +6,68 @@ package calendar
 import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
-	"strings"
 
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/output"
 )
 
-// withStepContext annotates err with multi-step context (e.g. which steps
-// already completed, or that a rollback ran) while preserving the underlying
-// failure's classification. An already-typed error keeps its own
-// category/subtype/code/log_id; we only append the formatted context to its
-// Hint so the top-level envelope still tells the truth about what failed.
-// Only an unclassified error falls back to a typed internal wrap.
-func withStepContext(err error, format string, args ...any) error {
+const (
+	errCodeInvalidParamsWithDetail = 190014
+)
+
+// getErrorDetailValue extracts the first detail value from the output.ErrDetail.
+// It assumes Detail is a map containing a "details" array of objects with "value" string fields.
+// For example: {"details": [{"value": "error message 1"}, {"value": "error message 2"}]}
+// Returns an empty string if the structure doesn't match or the array is empty.
+//
+// Deprecated: getErrorDetailValue reads from the legacy *output.ErrDetail
+// that predates the typed error contract introduced by errs/. New code MUST
+// NOT use it — typed errs.* errors expose Message, Hint, and extension
+// fields directly on the typed struct via errors.As / errs.ProblemOf. This
+// helper is retained only while existing call sites are migrated; it will
+// be removed once they have moved to the typed surface.
+func getErrorDetailValue(e *output.ErrDetail) string {
+	if e == nil || e.Detail == nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+
+	errMap, ok := e.Detail.(map[string]interface{})
+	if !ok {
+		return ""
+	}
+
+	details, ok := errMap["details"].([]interface{})
+	if !ok || len(details) == 0 {
+		return ""
+	}
+
+	detailObj, ok := details[0].(map[string]interface{})
+	if !ok {
+		return ""
+	}
+
+	val, _ := detailObj["value"].(string)
+	return val
+}
+
+// wrapPredefinedError wraps an error into *output.ExitError if it matches predefined error codes.
+// Currently handles error code 190014 (invalid params with detail), extracting the detail value into the message.
+// If the error is nil or doesn't match predefined codes, returns the original error.
+func wrapPredefinedError(err error) error {
 	if err == nil {
 		return nil
 	}
-	extra := fmt.Sprintf(format, args...)
-	if p, ok := errs.ProblemOf(err); ok {
-		if strings.TrimSpace(p.Hint) != "" {
-			p.Hint = p.Hint + "\n" + extra
-		} else {
-			p.Hint = extra
-		}
+
+	var exitErr *output.ExitError
+	if !errors.As(err, &exitErr) || exitErr.Detail == nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	return errs.NewInternalError(errs.SubtypeSDKError, "%s", err.Error()).WithHint(extra).WithCause(err)
-}
 
-// withParam attaches the offending flag to a typed validation error, preserving
-// the original error instead of re-wrapping it. Non-validation errors pass through.
-func withParam(err error, flag string) error {
-	var ve *errs.ValidationError
-	if errors.As(err, &ve) {
-		return ve.WithParam(flag)
+	if exitErr.Detail.Code == errCodeInvalidParamsWithDetail {
+		if val := getErrorDetailValue(exitErr.Detail); val != "" {
+			fullMsg := fmt.Sprintf("%s: %s", exitErr.Detail.Message, val)
+			return output.ErrAPI(exitErr.Detail.Code, fullMsg, exitErr.Detail.Detail)
+		}
 	}
+
 	return err
 }

shortcuts/calendar/errors_attribution_test.go

@@ -1,242 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
-
-package calendar
-
-import (
-	"errors"
-	"strings"
-	"testing"
-
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/shortcuts/common"
-	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
-)
-
-// newAttendeeValidateRuntime builds a RuntimeContext with the add/remove
-// attendee-id flags set, for exercising validateCalendarUpdateAttendees.
-func newAttendeeValidateRuntime(t *testing.T, add, remove string) *common.RuntimeContext {
-	t.Helper()
-	cmd := &cobra.Command{Use: "test"}
-	cmd.Flags().String("add-attendee-ids", "", "")
-	cmd.Flags().String("remove-attendee-ids", "", "")
-	if err := cmd.ParseFlags(nil); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("ParseFlags: %v", err)
-	}
-	if add != "" {
-		_ = cmd.Flags().Set("add-attendee-ids", add)
-	}
-	if remove != "" {
-		_ = cmd.Flags().Set("remove-attendee-ids", remove)
-	}
-	return &common.RuntimeContext{Cmd: cmd}
-}
-
-// assertValidationParam asserts err is a *errs.ValidationError whose Param
-// equals wantParam, and returns it for any further message assertions.
-func assertValidationParam(t *testing.T, err error, wantParam string) *errs.ValidationError {
-	t.Helper()
-	if err == nil {
-		t.Fatalf("expected error, got nil")
-	}
-	var ve *errs.ValidationError
-	if !errors.As(err, &ve) {
-		t.Fatalf("expected *errs.ValidationError, got %T (%v)", err, err)
-	}
-	if ve.Param != wantParam {
-		t.Errorf("Param = %q, want %q", ve.Param, wantParam)
-	}
-	return ve
-}
-
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-// withStepContext helper
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-func TestWithStepContext_Nil(t *testing.T) {
-	if got := withStepContext(nil, "step %d", 1); got != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("withStepContext(nil) = %v, want nil", got)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestWithStepContext_AppendsToTypedHint(t *testing.T) {
-	// A typed error keeps its classification; the context is appended to Hint.
-	inner := errs.NewAPIError(errs.SubtypeUnknown, "boom").WithHint("first")
-	got := withStepContext(inner, "after steps %v", []string{"event"})
-	var ae *errs.APIError
-	if !errors.As(got, &ae) {
-		t.Fatalf("want *errs.APIError, got %T", got)
-	}
-	if ae.Hint == "" || !strings.Contains(ae.Hint, "first") || !strings.Contains(ae.Hint, "after steps") {
-		t.Errorf("hint should append context, got %q", ae.Hint)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestWithStepContext_SetsHintWhenEmpty(t *testing.T) {
-	inner := errs.NewAPIError(errs.SubtypeUnknown, "boom")
-	got := withStepContext(inner, "after steps %v", []string{"event"})
-	var ae *errs.APIError
-	if !errors.As(got, &ae) {
-		t.Fatalf("want *errs.APIError, got %T", got)
-	}
-	if !strings.Contains(ae.Hint, "after steps") {
-		t.Errorf("hint should be set, got %q", ae.Hint)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestWithStepContext_UnclassifiedFallsBackToInternal(t *testing.T) {
-	// A plain, unclassified error is wrapped into a typed internal error so the
-	// envelope still tells the truth.
-	got := withStepContext(errors.New("raw failure"), "after steps %v", []string{"event"})
-	var ie *errs.InternalError
-	if !errors.As(got, &ie) {
-		t.Fatalf("want *errs.InternalError, got %T", got)
-	}
-	if ie.Subtype != errs.SubtypeSDKError {
-		t.Errorf("subtype=%q, want sdk_error", ie.Subtype)
-	}
-	if !strings.Contains(ie.Message, "raw failure") {
-		t.Errorf("message should preserve original, got %q", ie.Message)
-	}
-}
-
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-// withParam helper
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-func TestWithParam_AttachesToValidationError(t *testing.T) {
-	inner := errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, "boom")
-	got := withParam(inner, "--attendee-ids")
-	ve := assertValidationParam(t, got, "--attendee-ids")
-	if ve != inner {
-		t.Errorf("withParam should return the same underlying error, got a different pointer")
-	}
-	if ve.Message != "boom" {
-		t.Errorf("message mutated: got %q, want %q", ve.Message, "boom")
-	}
-}
-
-func TestWithParam_NonValidationPassesThrough(t *testing.T) {
-	inner := errs.NewInternalError(errs.SubtypeSDKError, "io failure")
-	got := withParam(inner, "--attendee-ids")
-	if got != inner {
-		t.Fatalf("non-validation error should pass through unchanged, got %v", got)
-	}
-	var ve *errs.ValidationError
-	if errors.As(got, &ve) {
-		t.Fatalf("non-validation error must not become a ValidationError")
-	}
-}
-
-func TestWithParam_NilPassesThrough(t *testing.T) {
-	if got := withParam(nil, "--attendee-ids"); got != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("withParam(nil) = %v, want nil", got)
-	}
-}
-
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-// Part A — re-wrap sites: the parseAttendees error, attributed by the caller's
-// flag, must be the inner typed error (not a re-wrapped nesting).
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-func TestParseAttendees_AttributedToCreateFlag(t *testing.T) {
-	_, err := parseAttendees("bad-id", "")
-	// create's add path: withParam(err, "--attendee-ids")
-	got := withParam(err, "--attendee-ids")
-	assertValidationParam(t, got, "--attendee-ids")
-}
-
-func TestParseAttendees_AttributedToAddFlag(t *testing.T) {
-	_, err := parseAttendees("bad-id", "")
-	// update's add path: withParam(err, "--add-attendee-ids")
-	got := withParam(err, "--add-attendee-ids")
-	assertValidationParam(t, got, "--add-attendee-ids")
-}
-
-func TestParseAttendees_InnerStaysFlagAgnostic(t *testing.T) {
-	// The shared inner parser must not pre-attribute a flag; callers do.
-	_, err := parseAttendees("bad-id", "")
-	var ve *errs.ValidationError
-	if !errors.As(err, &ve) {
-		t.Fatalf("expected *errs.ValidationError, got %T", err)
-	}
-	if ve.Param != "" {
-		t.Errorf("inner parseAttendees should stay flag-agnostic, got Param = %q", ve.Param)
-	}
-}
-
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-// Part B — direct attendee-id format validations carry their flag.
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-func TestParseRoomFindAttendees_FormatErrorParam(t *testing.T) {
-	_, _, err := parseRoomFindAttendees("bad-id", "")
-	assertValidationParam(t, err, "--"+flagAttendees)
-}
-
-func TestParseRoomFindAttendees_RejectsRoomID(t *testing.T) {
-	// room find only supports ou_/oc_; omm_ rooms are not valid attendees.
-	_, _, err := parseRoomFindAttendees("omm_room", "")
-	assertValidationParam(t, err, "--"+flagAttendees)
-}
-
-func TestParseCalendarAttendeeIDs_StaysFlagAgnostic(t *testing.T) {
-	// parseCalendarAttendeeIDs serves BOTH --add-attendee-ids and
-	// --remove-attendee-ids, so it must not pre-attribute a flag.
-	_, err := parseCalendarAttendeeIDs("bad-id")
-	var ve *errs.ValidationError
-	if !errors.As(err, &ve) {
-		t.Fatalf("expected *errs.ValidationError, got %T", err)
-	}
-	if ve.Param != "" {
-		t.Errorf("shared parser should stay flag-agnostic, got Param = %q", ve.Param)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestValidateCalendarUpdateAttendees_RemoveFormatParam(t *testing.T) {
-	// The remove path attributes its parser error to --remove-attendee-ids.
-	rt := newAttendeeValidateRuntime(t, "", "bad-id")
-	err := validateCalendarUpdateAttendees(rt)
-	assertValidationParam(t, err, "--remove-attendee-ids")
-}
-
-func TestValidateCalendarUpdateAttendees_AddFormatParam(t *testing.T) {
-	// The add path attributes its parser error to --add-attendee-ids.
-	rt := newAttendeeValidateRuntime(t, "bad-id", "")
-	err := validateCalendarUpdateAttendees(rt)
-	assertValidationParam(t, err, "--add-attendee-ids")
-}
-
-// attendeeDeleteIDs's switch default is defensive: parseCalendarAttendeeIDs
-// already rejects any non-ou_/oc_/omm_ id, so only a well-formed id reaches the
-// switch and the valid branches map it. This asserts the happy path maps types.
-func TestAttendeeDeleteIDs_MapsKnownTypes(t *testing.T) {
-	got, err := attendeeDeleteIDs("ou_a,oc_b,omm_c")
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
-	}
-	if len(got) != 3 {
-		t.Fatalf("expected 3 delete ids, got %d: %v", len(got), got)
-	}
-	wantTypes := map[string]string{"user": "user_id", "chat": "chat_id", "resource": "room_id"}
-	for _, m := range got {
-		key, ok := wantTypes[m["type"]]
-		if !ok {
-			t.Errorf("unexpected type %q in %v", m["type"], m)
-			continue
-		}
-		if m[key] == "" {
-			t.Errorf("missing %s for type %q in %v", key, m["type"], m)
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-func TestParseCalendarAttendeeIDs_Valid(t *testing.T) {
-	ids, err := parseCalendarAttendeeIDs(" ou_a , oc_b , ou_a ")
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
-	}
-	if len(ids) != 2 || ids[0] != "ou_a" || ids[1] != "oc_b" {
-		t.Errorf("dedup/trim failed: got %v", ids)
-	}
-}

shortcuts/common/validate.go

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 package common
 
 import (
+	"fmt"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 
@@ -176,6 +177,25 @@ func ValidateSafePathTyped(fio fileio.FileIO, path string) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
+// RejectDangerousChars returns an error if value contains ASCII control
+// characters or dangerous Unicode code points.
+//
+// Deprecated: use RejectDangerousCharsTyped for typed error envelopes.
+func RejectDangerousChars(paramName, value string) error {
+	for _, r := range value {
+		if r < 0x20 && r != '\t' && r != '\n' {
+			return fmt.Errorf("parameter %q contains control character U+%04X", paramName, r)
+		}
+		if r == 0x7F {
+			return fmt.Errorf("parameter %q contains DEL character", paramName)
+		}
+		if IsDangerousUnicode(r) {
+			return fmt.Errorf("parameter %q contains dangerous Unicode character U+%04X", paramName, r)
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
 // RejectDangerousCharsTyped returns an error if value contains ASCII control
 // characters or dangerous Unicode code points.
 func RejectDangerousCharsTyped(paramName, value string) error {

shortcuts/drive/drive_secure_label.go

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ import (
 )
 
 const (
-	secureLabelReadScope   = "docs:secure_label:readonly"
+	secureLabelReadScope   = "drive:file.meta.sec_label.read_only"
 	secureLabelUpdateScope = "docs:secure_label:write_only"
 )
 

shortcuts/drive/drive_secure_label_test.go

@@ -12,17 +12,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/httpmock"
 )
 
-func TestDriveSecureLabelScopes(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	if len(DriveSecureLabelList.Scopes) != 1 || DriveSecureLabelList.Scopes[0] != "docs:secure_label:readonly" {
-		t.Fatalf("list scopes = %v, want docs:secure_label:readonly", DriveSecureLabelList.Scopes)
-	}
-	if len(DriveSecureLabelUpdate.Scopes) != 1 || DriveSecureLabelUpdate.Scopes[0] != "docs:secure_label:write_only" {
-		t.Fatalf("update scopes = %v, want docs:secure_label:write_only", DriveSecureLabelUpdate.Scopes)
-	}
-}
-
 func TestDriveSecureLabelList_DryRun(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 	f, stdout, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, driveTestConfig())

skills/lark-markdown/SKILL.md

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 ---
 name: lark-markdown
-version: 1.2.1
-description: "飞书 Markdown：查看、创建、上传、编辑和比较 Markdown 文件。当用户需要创建或编辑 Markdown 文件、读取、修改、局部 patch 或比较差异时使用。不负责将 Markdown 导入为飞书在线文档，也不负责文件搜索、权限、评论、移动、删除等云空间管理操作。"
+version: 1.2.0
+description: "飞书 Markdown：查看、创建、上传、编辑和比较 Markdown 文件。当用户需要创建或编辑 Markdown 文件、读取、修改、局部 patch 或比较差异时使用。"
 metadata:
   requires:
     bins: ["lark-cli"]
@@ -14,8 +14,6 @@ metadata:
 
 ## 快速决策
 
-- 身份：Markdown 文件通常属于用户云空间资源，优先使用 `--as user`。如为自动化场景，或应用已创建并持有目标文件权限，可按场景使用 `--as bot`。首次以 `user` 身份访问前执行 `lark-cli auth login`
-
 - 用户要**上传、创建一个原生 `.md` 文件**，使用 `lark-cli markdown +create`
 - 用户要**比较原生 `.md` 文件的历史版本差异**，或比较远端 Markdown 与本地草稿，使用 `lark-cli markdown +diff`
 - 用户要**读取 Drive 里某个 `.md` 文件内容**，使用 `lark-cli markdown +fetch`
@@ -36,19 +34,9 @@ metadata:
 - `markdown +patch` 的内部语义是：**先完整下载 Markdown，再本地替换，再整文件覆盖上传**
 - `markdown +patch` 不是服务端原子 patch；它是 CLI 侧编排出来的局部更新能力
 - `markdown +patch` 当前只支持**单组** `--pattern` / `--content`
-- `markdown +patch` 替换后的最终内容**不能为空**；CLI 会拒绝上传空文件，因为 Drive 不支持零字节 Markdown，且空文件通常是误操作
+- `markdown +patch` 替换后的最终内容**不能为空**；如果替换后整篇 Markdown 变成空字符串，CLI 会直接报错，不会上传空文件
 - `--file` 只接受本地 `.md` 文件路径
 
-正则替换时要特别注意 `--pattern` 的转义：
-
-```bash
-# BAD: 未转义正则特殊字符，可能匹配到错误位置
-lark-cli markdown +patch --file-token boxcnxxxx --regex --pattern "version (1.0)" --content "version (2.0)"
-
-# GOOD: 显式转义括号和点号
-lark-cli markdown +patch --file-token boxcnxxxx --regex --pattern "version \\(1\\.0\\)" --content "version (2.0)"
-```
-
 ## Shortcuts（推荐优先使用）
 
 Shortcut 是对常用操作的高级封装（`lark-cli markdown +<verb> [flags]`）。有 Shortcut 的操作优先使用。

skills/lark-markdown/references/lark-markdown-patch.md

@@ -20,13 +20,6 @@ lark-cli markdown +patch \
   --pattern 'hello (.+)' \
   --content 'hi $1'
 
-# 正则 pattern 含特殊字符时要显式转义
-lark-cli markdown +patch \
-  --file-token boxcnxxxx \
-  --regex \
-  --pattern 'version \\(1\\.0\\)' \
-  --content 'version (2.0)'
-
 # 删除匹配内容
 lark-cli markdown +patch \
   --file-token boxcnxxxx \
@@ -70,27 +63,9 @@ lark-cli markdown +patch \
 - `--content` 必须显式传入，但允许为空字符串
 - 未加 `--regex` 时，行为等价于对整份 Markdown 文本执行 `strings.ReplaceAll`
 - 加了 `--regex` 时，行为等价于对整份 Markdown 文本执行 RE2 全量替换；`--content` 里的 `$1`、`${name}` 会按 Go regexp replacement template 解释，字面 `$` 请写成 `$$`
-- 替换后的最终 Markdown 不能为空；如果 patch 结果是空字符串，CLI 会直接报错，不会上传空文件，因为 Drive 不支持零字节 Markdown，且空文件通常是误操作
+- 替换后的最终 Markdown 不能为空；如果 patch 结果是空字符串，CLI 会直接报错，不会上传空文件
 - `0` 命中时命令仍然成功返回，但不会上传新版本
 
-## Good / Bad
-
-```bash
-# BAD: pattern 含正则特殊字符但未转义，容易匹配错误位置
-lark-cli markdown +patch \
-  --file-token boxcnxxxx \
-  --regex \
-  --pattern 'version (1.0)' \
-  --content 'version (2.0)'
-
-# GOOD: 显式转义括号和点号
-lark-cli markdown +patch \
-  --file-token boxcnxxxx \
-  --regex \
-  --pattern 'version \\(1\\.0\\)' \
-  --content 'version (2.0)'
-```
-
 ## 实现边界
 
 - 该命令的内部语义是：**download -> local replace -> overwrite upload**

skills/lark-sheets/SKILL.md

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 ---
 name: lark-sheets
 version: 2.0.0
-description: "飞书电子表格：创建和操作电子表格。支持创建表格、管理工作表与行列结构（增删/合并/调整尺寸/隐藏/冻结）、读写单元格（值/公式/样式/批注/单元格图片）、查找替换、多操作原子批量更新，以及图表、透视表、条件格式、筛选器、迷你图、浮动图片等对象的创建与维护。当用户需要创建电子表格、管理工作表、批量读写或编辑数据、统计汇总与可视化、表格美化、公式计算（含 Excel 公式迁移）等任务时使用。若用户是想按名称或关键词搜索云空间（云盘/云存储）里的表格文件，请改用 lark-drive 的 drive +search 先定位资源。当用户给出 doubao.com 的 /sheets/ URL/token 时，也应直接使用本 skill，不要因为域名不是飞书而回退到 WebFetch；路由依据是 URL 路径模式和 token，而不是域名。仅针对飞书在线电子表格，不适用于本地 Excel 文件。"
+description: "飞书电子表格：创建和操作电子表格。支持管理工作表结构、读写单元格数据与样式，以及图表、透视表、条件格式、筛选器、迷你图、浮动图片等对象。当用户需要创建电子表格、管理工作表、批量读写或编辑数据、统计汇总与可视化、表格美化、公式计算（含 Excel 公式迁移）等任务时使用。若用户是想按名称或关键词搜索表格文件，请改用 lark-drive 先定位资源。当用户给出 doubao.com 的 /sheets/ URL/token 时，也应直接使用本 skill；路由依据是 URL 路径模式和 token，而不是域名。仅针对飞书在线电子表格，不适用于本地 Excel 文件。"
 metadata:
   requires:
     bins: ["lark-cli"]
@@ -13,6 +13,8 @@ metadata:
 
 **CRITICAL — 开始前 MUST 先用 Read 工具读取 [`../lark-shared/SKILL.md`](../lark-shared/SKILL.md)，其中包含认证、权限处理。**
 
+**身份：电子表格通常属于用户云空间资源，优先使用 `--as user`。首次使用前执行 `lark-cli auth login`。**
+
 ## 术语约定
 
 下列词在本 skill 各文档中可能交替出现，但**指同一对象**；解析用户口语时按此映射，不要当成不同概念：
@@ -34,7 +36,7 @@ metadata:
 
 ## 场景 → 命令速查（拿不准命令名先查这里，别按直觉拼）
 
-把高频意图映射到**真实存在**的 shortcut / flag。agent 常从 Excel / Google Sheets / 飞书 OpenAPI 误迁移命令名或 flag，先对照本表，避免一次必然失败的试错。完整 shortcut 见各工具参考。
+把高频意图映射到**真实存在**的 shortcut / flag。先对照本表，避免按直觉拼不存在的命令名或 flag。
 
 | 你要做的事 | ✅ 正确写法 | ❌ 不存在（会被 cobra 拒） |
 | --- | --- | --- |
@@ -57,7 +59,7 @@ metadata:
 
 ## References
 
-本 skill 的 reference 分两组：先读**通用方法与规范**（横切所有任务的工作流、铁律、样式、公式规则，不含具体 shortcut），它们规定了"怎么做对"；再按操作对象进入**工具参考**查具体 shortcut 与调用细节。编辑类任务务必先过一遍通用方法与规范，其中的铁律对所有工具参考一律生效。
+本 skill 的 reference 分两组：先读**通用方法与规范**，再按操作对象进入**工具参考**查具体 shortcut 与调用细节。
 
 ### 通用方法与规范（先读，横切所有任务，不含具体 shortcut）
 
@@ -101,7 +103,7 @@ metadata:
 
 1. **spreadsheet 定位（必填）**：`--url` 与 `--spreadsheet-token` 二选一，**必须给其中之一**。两个都不给 → 校验报错 `specify at least one of --url or --spreadsheet-token`；两个都给 → 互斥冲突。
    - **`--url` 只解析 `/sheets/` 与 `/spreadsheets/` 两种链接**（从路径里抽出 token；也可以直接把裸 token 传给 `--spreadsheet-token`）。其它形态的链接不会被解析成表格 token。
-   - ⚠️ **`/wiki/` 知识库链接不能直接当表格定位用**：wiki 链接背后可能是电子表格，也可能是文档 / 多维表格等其它类型，`--url` **不会**自动把 wiki token 解析成 spreadsheet token，直接传会失败。必须先把它解析成真实文档 token —— `lark-cli wiki +node-get --node-token "<wiki 链接或 token>"`，确认返回的 `obj_type` 为 `sheet` 后，取其 `obj_token` 作为 `--spreadsheet-token` 传入（解析细节见 [`../lark-wiki/SKILL.md`](../lark-wiki/SKILL.md)）。
+   - ⚠️ **`/wiki/` 知识库链接不能直接当表格定位用**：先用 `lark-cli drive +inspect --url "<wiki_url>"` 自动解包；当返回 `type=sheet` 时，用 `token` 作为 `--spreadsheet-token`。手动方式见 [`../lark-wiki/SKILL.md`](../lark-wiki/SKILL.md)。
    - **例外**：`+workbook-create` 是新建一个还不存在的表格，**不接受任何 spreadsheet / sheet 定位 flag**（只有 `--title` / `--folder-token` / `--headers` / `--values`）。
 2. **sheet 定位（公共四件套 shortcut 必填）**：`--sheet-id` 与 `--sheet-name` 二选一，**必须给其中之一**。两个都不给 → 校验报错 `specify at least one of --sheet-id or --sheet-name`。
    - ⚠️ **不确定 sheet 名时禁止直接猜 `Sheet1`**：除非用户对话明确说出 sheet 名 / id，或上下文（之前的工具调用 / URL 锚点 `?sheet=xxx`）已经出现过具体值，否则**第一步先调 `+workbook-info --url "..."`**（或 `--spreadsheet-token`）拿 `sheets[].sheet_id` / `sheets[].title` 列表再选。中文环境下子表常叫"数据" / "Sheet"（无数字）/ "工作表 1" / 业务名，猜 `Sheet1` 大概率撞 `sheet not found`，比先查多耗一次失败调用 + 重试。
@@ -135,13 +137,6 @@ lark-cli sheets <shortcut> <workbook 定位> <sheet 定位> <其它 flag>
 | `--print-schema` | bool | 否 | 本地打印复合 JSON flag 的 JSON Schema 并退出，不发起任何调用、不需要其它 required flag。与 `--flag-name <name>` 搭配指定要查哪个 flag；省略 `--flag-name` 时列出该 shortcut 所有可查询的 flag。**仅在 shortcut 含复合 JSON flag 时有效**——判断方法：该 shortcut 的 Flags 表里出现类型标注为「复合 JSON」的 flag（如 `--cells` / `--properties` / `--operations` / `--border-styles` / `--sort-keys` / `--options`）即支持；纯标量 flag 的 shortcut 不支持。 |
 | `--flag-name` | string | 否 | 配合 `--print-schema` 使用，指定要打印 JSON Schema 的 flag 名（不带 `--` 前缀，如 `cells` / `properties` / `operations`）。 |
 
-**Agent 使用提示**：写复合 JSON flag（`--cells` / `--properties` / `--operations` / `--border-styles` / `--sort-keys` / `--options` 等）时，如果对结构不确定，先跑 `lark-cli sheets <shortcut> --print-schema --flag-name <name>` 把完整 JSON Schema 读出来再构造 payload，比靠 reference 的速查表更精确，也避免因为字段拼写或缺失被服务端拒绝。reference 的 `## Schemas` 段只给一层结构，深层只能靠 `--print-schema` 或 `## Examples` 的真实示例。
-
-### flag 内容类型与输出约定（术语速记）
-
-- flag 表里 JSON 类入参标三类：**复合 JSON** = 深层嵌套对象（用 `--print-schema` 取完整结构）；**简单 JSON** = 一维 / 二维标量数组（如 `["sheet1!A1:B2",...]` / `[["alice",95]]`，结构简单无需 print-schema）；**非 JSON 文本** = 原样文本（如 CSV）。`--print-schema` 只对**复合 JSON** flag 有效（同一 shortcut 的简单 JSON flag 如 `--colors` 不在此列）。
-- **envelope**：所有 shortcut 返回统一外层结构 `{ok, identity, data, ...}`。正文里 `envelope.data` 指业务数据层（如 `+csv-get` 的 `annotated_csv`）；写操作不会自动回读，如需校验请自行调用对应的 `+*-list` / `+*-get` / `+cells-get`。
-
 ## 复合 JSON / 大入参：优先 stdin
 
 flag 帮助里标注支持 **Stdin** 的入参，当 payload 较大、含换行 / 引号等特殊字符，或已经落在某个文件里时，优先用 stdin（`-`）传入，避免命令行超长与 shell 转义问题。
@@ -154,3 +149,9 @@ lark-cli sheets +cells-set --url "..." --sheet-name "Sheet1" --range "A1:B2" --c
 ```
 
 **`@file` 接绝对路径会被拒，且被拒后不要照报错提示做。** `@file` 出于安全只接受 cwd 下的相对路径，传 cwd 之外的绝对路径会被拒。此时报错会建议"先 cd 到目标目录，或改用相对路径"——**两条都不要照做**：cd 过去、或把临时文件写进用户项目目录，都会污染工作目录。正解是改用 stdin（`--<flag> - < 文件`）。
+
+## 不在本 skill 范围
+
+- 搜索云空间里的表格文件：切到 [`lark-drive`](../lark-drive/SKILL.md)
+- 评论、权限和通用 Drive 操作：切到 [`lark-drive`](../lark-drive/SKILL.md)
+- 多维表格 / Base 操作：切到 [`lark-base`](../lark-base/SKILL.md)