feat: 修改高频异常SKILL

Synced from sheet-skill-spec canonical (cli:table_put schema +
references). +table-put/+workbook-create accept the new shape via a
tableSheetIn -> tableSheetSpec normalize step (dtype string -> internal
type/format mapping). +table-get emits the same shape so the writer's
df_to_sheet and the reader's sheet_to_df round-trip cleanly.

isoDateToSerial now accepts the full ISO datetime form
(2024-01-15T00:00:00.000, including timezone suffixes) emitted by
df.to_json(date_format="iso"), not just yyyy-mm-dd. End-to-end verified
by the spec repo's contracts/python_helper_roundtrip script against a
real Lark spreadsheet on pandas 2.2 and 3.0.

.golangci.yml

@@ -73,20 +73,20 @@ linters:
           - forbidigo
       # errs-typed-only enforced on paths already migrated to errs.NewXxxError.
       # Add a path when its migration is complete.
-      - path-except: (internal/auth/|internal/errcompat/|internal/errclass/|internal/client/|internal/cmdutil/factory\.go|cmd/auth/|cmd/config/|cmd/service/|shortcuts/common/mcp_client\.go|shortcuts/base/|shortcuts/calendar/|shortcuts/drive/|shortcuts/im/|shortcuts/mail/|shortcuts/minutes/|shortcuts/okr/|shortcuts/task/|shortcuts/vc/|shortcuts/whiteboard/)
+      - path-except: (internal/auth/|internal/errcompat/|internal/errclass/|internal/client/|internal/cmdutil/factory\.go|cmd/auth/|cmd/config/|cmd/service/|shortcuts/common/mcp_client\.go|shortcuts/base/|shortcuts/calendar/|shortcuts/contact/|shortcuts/drive/|shortcuts/im/|shortcuts/mail/|shortcuts/minutes/|shortcuts/okr/|shortcuts/task/|shortcuts/vc/|shortcuts/whiteboard/|internal/event/consume/|cmd/event/|events/|shortcuts/event/)
         text: errs-typed-only
         linters:
           - forbidigo
       # errs-no-bare-wrap enforced on paths fully migrated to typed final
       # errors. Scoped separately from errs-typed-only because cmd/auth/,
       # cmd/config/ still have residual fmt.Errorf and must not be caught.
-      - path-except: (shortcuts/base/|shortcuts/calendar/|shortcuts/drive/|shortcuts/im/|shortcuts/mail/|shortcuts/minutes/|shortcuts/okr/|shortcuts/task/|shortcuts/vc/|shortcuts/whiteboard/|shortcuts/common/mcp_client\.go)
+      - path-except: (shortcuts/base/|shortcuts/calendar/|shortcuts/contact/|shortcuts/drive/|shortcuts/im/|shortcuts/mail/|shortcuts/minutes/|shortcuts/okr/|shortcuts/task/|shortcuts/vc/|shortcuts/whiteboard/|shortcuts/common/mcp_client\.go|cmd/event/|events/|shortcuts/event/)
         text: errs-no-bare-wrap
         linters:
           - forbidigo
       # errs-no-legacy-helper enforced on domains whose shared validation/save
       # helpers have migrated to typed final errors.
-      - path-except: (shortcuts/base/|shortcuts/calendar/|shortcuts/drive/|shortcuts/im/|shortcuts/mail/|shortcuts/minutes/|shortcuts/okr/|shortcuts/task/|shortcuts/vc/|shortcuts/whiteboard/)
+      - path-except: (shortcuts/base/|shortcuts/calendar/|shortcuts/contact/|shortcuts/drive/|shortcuts/im/|shortcuts/mail/|shortcuts/minutes/|shortcuts/okr/|shortcuts/task/|shortcuts/vc/|shortcuts/whiteboard/|cmd/event/|events/|shortcuts/event/)
         text: errs-no-legacy-helper
         linters:
           - forbidigo

AGENTS.md

@@ -75,7 +75,31 @@ The one rule to internalize: **every error message you write will be parsed by a
 
 ### Structured errors in commands
 
-`RunE` functions must return `output.Errorf` / `output.ErrWithHint` — never bare `fmt.Errorf`. AI agents parse stderr as JSON; bare errors break this contract.
+Command-facing failures must be typed `errs.*` errors — never the legacy `output.Err*` helpers and never a final bare `fmt.Errorf`. AI agents parse the stderr envelope's `type` / `subtype` / `param` / `hint` fields to decide their next action; the full taxonomy lives in `errs/ERROR_CONTRACT.md`.
+
+Picking a constructor:
+
+| Failure | Constructor |
+|---------|-------------|
+| User flag/arg fails validation | `errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, ...).WithParam("--flag")` |
+| Valid request, wrong system state | `errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeFailedPrecondition, ...).WithHint(...)` |
+| Lark API returned `code != 0` | `runtime.CallAPITyped` (shortcuts) / `errclass.BuildAPIError` (raw responses) — never hand-build |
+| Network / transport failure | `errs.NewNetworkError(errs.SubtypeNetworkTransport, ...)` |
+| Local file I/O failure | `errs.NewInternalError(errs.SubtypeFileIO, ...)` — validate the path first (`validate.SafeInputPath` / `SafeOutputPath`) and use `vfs.*` |
+| Unclassified lower-layer error as final | `errs.NewInternalError(errs.SubtypeUnknown, ...).WithCause(err)` |
+| Lower layer already returned a typed error | pass it through unchanged — re-wrapping downgrades its classification |
+
+Signatures that are easy to guess wrong:
+
+- `runtime.CallAPITyped(method, url string, params map[string]interface{}, data interface{}) (map[string]interface{}, error)` — it performs the HTTP request itself and classifies `code != 0` into a typed error; just return the error it gives you.
+- Typed pass-through check: `if _, ok := errs.ProblemOf(err); ok { return err }` — `ProblemOf` returns `(*errs.Problem, bool)`, not a nilable pointer.
+- `.WithParam` exists only on `*errs.ValidationError`. `InternalError` / `NetworkError` have no param field — file or endpoint context goes in the message or `.WithHint(...)`.
+
+`forbidigo` + `lint/errscontract` reject the legacy `output.Err*` helpers, bare final `fmt.Errorf` / `errors.New`, and legacy envelope literals on migrated paths. Beyond what lint catches, three authoring conventions apply:
+
+- Preserve the underlying error with `.WithCause(err)` so `errors.Is` / `errors.Unwrap` keep working.
+- `param` names only the user input that actually failed. Recovery guidance goes in `.WithHint(...)`; machine-readable recovery fields (`missing_scopes`, `log_id`) carry server/system ground truth only — never caller-side guesses.
+- Error-path tests assert typed metadata via `errs.ProblemOf` (`category` / `subtype` / `param`) and cause preservation, not message substrings alone.
 
 ### stdout is data, stderr is everything else
 

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -2,6 +2,46 @@
 
 All notable changes to this project will be documented in this file.
 
+## [v1.0.49] - 2026-06-08
+
+### Features
+
+- **events**: Add whiteboard event domain with per-board subscription (#1265)
+- **im**: Support feed group (#1102)
+- **im**: Add feed shortcut create, list, and remove shortcuts (#1273)
+- **im**: Format feed group error handling (#1308)
+- **im**: Return typed error envelopes across the im domain (#1230)
+- **base**: Emit typed error envelopes across the base domain (#1248)
+- **calendar**: Emit typed error envelopes across the calendar domain (#1232)
+- **task**: Emit typed error envelopes across the task domain (#1231)
+- **okr,whiteboard**: Emit typed error envelopes across both domains (#1236)
+- **minutes,vc**: Emit typed error envelopes across both domains (#1234)
+- **markdown**: Harden create upload failures (#1325)
+- **drive**: Harden inspect shortcut failures (#1324)
+- **slides**: Add IconPark lookup for Lark slides (#1123)
+- **doc**: Remove docs v1 API (#1291)
+- **cli**: Add `skills` command to read embedded skill content (#1318)
+- **cli**: Fetch official skills index (#1301)
+- **shared**: Document relative-path-only file arguments (#1319)
+- **scopes**: Clear `recommend.allow` scope auto-approve overrides (#1272)
+- **shortcuts**: Check shortcut example commands against the live CLI tree (#1244)
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+- **events**: Keep bounded event consume runs alive after stdin EOF (#1285)
+- **drive**: Use docs secure label read scope (#1281)
+
+### Documentation
+
+- **approval**: Restructure skill with intent table and scope boundaries (#1307)
+- **skills**: Tighten drive and markdown guardrails (#1326)
+- **skills**: Optimize calendar, vc, and minutes skill guidance (#1269)
+- **markdown**: Add markdown domain template (#1293)
+- **markdown**: Improve lark-markdown skill guidance (#1279)
+- **doc**: Improve lark-doc skill guidance (#1283)
+- **wiki**: Optimize skill guidance and routing boundaries (#1275)
+- **slides**: Tighten routing/boundary and reconcile in-slide whiteboard (#1169)
+
 ## [v1.0.48] - 2026-06-04
 
 ### Features
@@ -1026,6 +1066,7 @@ Bundled AI agent skills for intelligent assistance:
 - Bilingual documentation (English & Chinese).
 - CI/CD pipelines: linting, testing, coverage reporting, and automated releases.
 
+[v1.0.49]: https://github.com/larksuite/cli/releases/tag/v1.0.49
 [v1.0.48]: https://github.com/larksuite/cli/releases/tag/v1.0.48
 [v1.0.47]: https://github.com/larksuite/cli/releases/tag/v1.0.47
 [v1.0.46]: https://github.com/larksuite/cli/releases/tag/v1.0.46

cmd/auth/login.go

@@ -296,10 +296,11 @@ func authLoginRun(opts *LoginOptions) error {
 	}
 
 	// Step 2: Show user code and verification URL.
-	// Both branches surface AgentTimeoutHint, but on different channels:
-	// JSON mode embeds it as a structured field (so an agent that captures
-	// stdout into a JSON parser sees it without stream-mixing surprises),
-	// text mode prints to stderr (alongside the URL prompt).
+	// JSON mode embeds AgentTimeoutHint as a structured field so agents that
+	// capture stdout into a JSON parser see it without stream-mixing surprises.
+	// Text mode prints the hint to stderr only when running under a non-TTY
+	// (i.e. piped / agent harness), since humans reading a terminal don't need
+	// the agent-oriented instructions.
 	if opts.JSON {
 		data := map[string]interface{}{
 			"event":                     "device_authorization",
@@ -317,7 +318,9 @@ func authLoginRun(opts *LoginOptions) error {
 	} else {
 		fmt.Fprintf(f.IOStreams.ErrOut, msg.OpenURL)
 		fmt.Fprintf(f.IOStreams.ErrOut, "  %s\n\n", authResp.VerificationUriComplete)
-		fmt.Fprintln(f.IOStreams.ErrOut, msg.AgentTimeoutHint)
+		if f.IOStreams != nil && !f.IOStreams.IsTerminal {
+			fmt.Fprintln(f.IOStreams.ErrOut, msg.AgentTimeoutHint)
+		}
 	}
 
 	// Step 3: Poll for token
@@ -404,10 +407,11 @@ func authLoginPollDeviceCode(opts *LoginOptions, config *core.CliConfig, msg *lo
 			fmt.Fprintf(f.IOStreams.ErrOut, "[lark-cli] [WARN] auth login: failed to remove cached requested scopes: %v\n", err)
 		}
 	}
-	// Skip the stderr hint in JSON mode — the --no-wait call that issued the
-	// device_code already returned the hint as a JSON field, and writing
-	// text to stderr would pollute consumers that combine streams via 2>&1.
-	if !opts.JSON {
+	// Skip the stderr hint in JSON mode (the --no-wait call that issued
+	// the device_code already surfaced it as a JSON field), and also skip it
+	// when running on an interactive terminal — the agent-oriented
+	// instructions only matter for piped / harness environments.
+	if !opts.JSON && f.IOStreams != nil && !f.IOStreams.IsTerminal {
 		fmt.Fprintln(f.IOStreams.ErrOut, msg.AgentTimeoutHint)
 	}
 	log(msg.WaitingAuth)

cmd/event/bus.go

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/event"
@@ -38,7 +39,8 @@ func NewCmdBus(f *cmdutil.Factory) *cobra.Command {
 
 			logger, err := bus.SetupBusLogger(eventsDir)
 			if err != nil {
-				return err
+				return errs.NewInternalError(errs.SubtypeFileIO,
+					"set up bus logger: %s", err).WithCause(err)
 			}
 
 			tr := transport.New()
@@ -58,7 +60,14 @@ func NewCmdBus(f *cmdutil.Factory) *cobra.Command {
 				}
 			}()
 
-			return b.Run(ctx)
+			if err := b.Run(ctx); err != nil {
+				if _, ok := errs.ProblemOf(err); ok {
+					return err
+				}
+				return errs.NewInternalError(errs.SubtypeUnknown,
+					"event bus daemon exited: %s", err).WithCause(err)
+			}
+			return nil
 		},
 	}
 

cmd/event/bus_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package event
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
+)
+
+// The hidden `event _bus` daemon command must exit with a typed file_io error
+// when its log directory cannot be created (the error is only visible in the
+// forked process's captured stderr / bus.log).
+func TestBusCommandLoggerSetupFailureIsTypedFileIO(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", dir)
+	// Block the events/ root with a regular file so MkdirAll fails.
+	if err := os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(dir, "events"), []byte("x"), 0600); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{
+		AppID: "cli_bus_test", AppSecret: "secret", Brand: core.BrandFeishu,
+	})
+	cmd := NewCmdBus(f)
+	cmd.SetArgs([]string{})
+
+	err := cmd.Execute()
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected logger setup error")
+	}
+	p, ok := errs.ProblemOf(err)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("expected typed errs error, got %T: %v", err, err)
+	}
+	if p.Category != errs.CategoryInternal || p.Subtype != errs.SubtypeFileIO {
+		t.Errorf("problem = %s/%s, want %s/%s", p.Category, p.Subtype,
+			errs.CategoryInternal, errs.SubtypeFileIO)
+	}
+}

cmd/event/consume.go

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/appmeta"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/auth"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
@@ -101,11 +102,10 @@ func runConsume(cmd *cobra.Command, f *cmdutil.Factory, eventKey string, o consu
 
 	if o.jqExpr != "" {
 		if err := output.ValidateJqExpression(o.jqExpr); err != nil {
-			return output.ErrWithHint(
-				output.ExitValidation, "validation",
-				err.Error(),
-				fmt.Sprintf("see `lark-cli event consume --help` EXAMPLES for common patterns, or `lark-cli event schema %s` for valid field paths", eventKey),
-			)
+			return errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, "%s", err).
+				WithParam("--jq").
+				WithCause(err).
+				WithHint("see `lark-cli event consume --help` EXAMPLES for common patterns, or `lark-cli event schema %s` for valid field paths", eventKey)
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -261,12 +261,12 @@ func preflightScopes(ctx context.Context, pf *preflightCtx) error {
 	if len(missing) == 0 {
 		return nil
 	}
-	return output.ErrWithHint(
-		output.ExitAuth, "auth",
-		fmt.Sprintf("missing required scopes for EventKey %s (as %s): %s",
-			pf.eventKey, pf.identity, strings.Join(missing, ", ")),
-		scopeRemediationHint(pf.identity, missing, pf.appID, pf.brand),
-	)
+	return errs.NewPermissionError(errs.SubtypeMissingScope,
+		"missing required scopes for EventKey %s (as %s): %s",
+		pf.eventKey, pf.identity, strings.Join(missing, ", ")).
+		WithIdentity(string(pf.identity)).
+		WithMissingScopes(missing...).
+		WithHint("%s", scopeRemediationHint(pf.identity, missing, pf.appID, pf.brand))
 }
 
 // scopeRemediationHint returns an identity-appropriate fix for missing scopes.
@@ -301,23 +301,27 @@ func preflightEventTypes(pf *preflightCtx) error {
 	if len(missing) == 0 {
 		return nil
 	}
-	return output.ErrWithHint(
-		output.ExitValidation, "validation",
-		fmt.Sprintf("EventKey %s requires event types not subscribed in console: %s",
-			pf.keyDef.Key, strings.Join(missing, ", ")),
-		fmt.Sprintf("subscribe these events and publish a new app version at: %s",
-			consoleEventSubscriptionURL(pf.brand, pf.appID)),
-	)
+	return errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeFailedPrecondition,
+		"EventKey %s requires event types not subscribed in console: %s",
+		pf.keyDef.Key, strings.Join(missing, ", ")).
+		WithHint("subscribe these events and publish a new app version at: %s",
+			consoleEventSubscriptionURL(pf.brand, pf.appID))
 }
 
 // sanitizeOutputDir rejects absolute/parent-escaping paths and ~ (SafeOutputPath treats it as a literal dir name).
 func sanitizeOutputDir(dir string) (string, error) {
 	if strings.HasPrefix(dir, "~") {
-		return "", output.ErrValidation("%s; use a relative path like ./output instead", errOutputDirTilde)
+		return "", errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument,
+			"%s; use a relative path like ./output instead", errOutputDirTilde).
+			WithParam("--output-dir").
+			WithCause(errOutputDirTilde)
 	}
 	safe, err := validate.SafeOutputPath(dir)
 	if err != nil {
-		return "", output.ErrValidation("%s %q: %s", errOutputDirUnsafe, dir, err)
+		return "", errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument,
+			"%s %q: %s", errOutputDirUnsafe, dir, err).
+			WithParam("--output-dir").
+			WithCause(errOutputDirUnsafe)
 	}
 	return safe, nil
 }
@@ -329,18 +333,21 @@ func resolveTenantToken(ctx context.Context, f *cmdutil.Factory, appID string) (
 	}
 	result, err := f.Credential.ResolveToken(ctx, credential.NewTokenSpec(core.AsBot, appID))
 	if err != nil {
-		return "", output.ErrAuth("resolve tenant access token: %s", err)
+		if _, ok := errs.ProblemOf(err); ok {
+			return "", err
+		}
+		return "", errs.NewAuthenticationError(errs.SubtypeTokenMissing,
+			"resolve tenant access token: %s", err).WithCause(err)
 	}
 	if result == nil || result.Token == "" {
-		return "", output.ErrWithHint(
-			output.ExitAuth, "auth",
-			fmt.Sprintf("no tenant access token available for app %s", appID),
-			"Check that app_secret is configured (lark-cli config show) and try 'lark-cli auth login'.",
-		)
+		return "", errs.NewAuthenticationError(errs.SubtypeTokenMissing,
+			"no tenant access token available for app %s", appID).
+			WithHint("Check that app_secret is configured (lark-cli config show) and try 'lark-cli auth login'.")
 	}
 	return result.Token, nil
 }
 
+// Sentinels for errors.Is checks; call sites wrap them as typed ValidationError causes.
 var (
 	errInvalidParamFormat = errors.New("invalid --param format")
 	errOutputDirTilde     = errors.New("--output-dir does not support ~ expansion")
@@ -352,7 +359,10 @@ func parseParams(raw []string) (map[string]string, error) {
 	for _, kv := range raw {
 		k, v, ok := strings.Cut(kv, "=")
 		if !ok || k == "" {
-			return nil, output.ErrValidation("%s %q: expected key=value", errInvalidParamFormat, kv)
+			return nil, errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument,
+				"%s %q: expected key=value", errInvalidParamFormat, kv).
+				WithParam("--param").
+				WithCause(errInvalidParamFormat)
 		}
 		m[k] = v
 	}

cmd/event/consume_test.go

@@ -4,9 +4,14 @@
 package event
 
 import (
+	"context"
 	"errors"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/credential"
 )
 
 func TestParseParams(t *testing.T) {
@@ -73,6 +78,7 @@ func TestParseParams(t *testing.T) {
 				if tc.wantEcho != "" && !strings.Contains(err.Error(), tc.wantEcho) {
 					t.Errorf("err %q should echo %q so user sees the bad input", err.Error(), tc.wantEcho)
 				}
+				assertInvalidArgumentParam(t, err, "--param")
 				return
 			}
 			if err != nil {
@@ -90,6 +96,77 @@ func TestParseParams(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+// emptyTokenResolver resolves to a result that carries no token.
+type emptyTokenResolver struct{}
+
+func (emptyTokenResolver) ResolveToken(_ context.Context, _ credential.TokenSpec) (*credential.TokenResult, error) {
+	return &credential.TokenResult{}, nil
+}
+
+// failingTokenResolver fails outright with an untyped error.
+type failingTokenResolver struct{}
+
+func (failingTokenResolver) ResolveToken(_ context.Context, _ credential.TokenSpec) (*credential.TokenResult, error) {
+	return nil, errors.New("backend unavailable")
+}
+
+func factoryWithResolver(r credential.DefaultTokenResolver) *cmdutil.Factory {
+	return &cmdutil.Factory{Credential: credential.NewCredentialProvider(nil, nil, r, nil)}
+}
+
+func TestResolveTenantToken_EmptyTokenResult(t *testing.T) {
+	_, err := resolveTenantToken(context.Background(), factoryWithResolver(emptyTokenResolver{}), "cli_x")
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected error, got nil")
+	}
+	p, ok := errs.ProblemOf(err)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("expected typed errs error, got %T: %v", err, err)
+	}
+	if p.Category != errs.CategoryAuthentication || p.Subtype != errs.SubtypeTokenMissing {
+		t.Errorf("problem = %s/%s, want %s/%s", p.Category, p.Subtype,
+			errs.CategoryAuthentication, errs.SubtypeTokenMissing)
+	}
+	var malformed *credential.MalformedTokenResultError
+	if !errors.As(err, &malformed) {
+		t.Error("empty-token failure should preserve the credential-layer cause")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestResolveTenantToken_ResolverFailure(t *testing.T) {
+	_, err := resolveTenantToken(context.Background(), factoryWithResolver(failingTokenResolver{}), "cli_x")
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected error, got nil")
+	}
+	p, ok := errs.ProblemOf(err)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("expected typed errs error, got %T: %v", err, err)
+	}
+	if p.Category != errs.CategoryAuthentication || p.Subtype != errs.SubtypeTokenMissing {
+		t.Errorf("problem = %s/%s, want %s/%s", p.Category, p.Subtype,
+			errs.CategoryAuthentication, errs.SubtypeTokenMissing)
+	}
+	if errors.Unwrap(err) == nil {
+		t.Error("resolver failure should preserve its cause")
+	}
+}
+
+// assertInvalidArgumentParam verifies err is a typed validation error with
+// subtype invalid_argument naming the given flag in its param field.
+func assertInvalidArgumentParam(t *testing.T, err error, param string) {
+	t.Helper()
+	var ve *errs.ValidationError
+	if !errors.As(err, &ve) {
+		t.Fatalf("expected *errs.ValidationError, got %T: %v", err, err)
+	}
+	if ve.Subtype != errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument {
+		t.Errorf("subtype = %s, want %s", ve.Subtype, errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument)
+	}
+	if ve.Param != param {
+		t.Errorf("param = %q, want %q", ve.Param, param)
+	}
+}
+
 func TestSanitizeOutputDir(t *testing.T) {
 	cases := []struct {
 		name       string
@@ -130,6 +207,7 @@ func TestSanitizeOutputDir(t *testing.T) {
 				if !errors.Is(err, tc.wantSentry) {
 					t.Fatalf("want errors.Is(err, %v), got %q", tc.wantSentry, err.Error())
 				}
+				assertInvalidArgumentParam(t, err, "--output-dir")
 				return
 			}
 			if err != nil {

cmd/event/preflight_test.go

@@ -8,10 +8,10 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
 
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/appmeta"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
 	eventlib "github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/event"
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/output"
 )
 
 func newPreflightCtx(appID string, brand core.LarkBrand, identity core.Identity, keyDef *eventlib.KeyDefinition, appVer *appmeta.AppVersion) *preflightCtx {
@@ -89,19 +89,17 @@ func TestPreflightEventTypes_MissingBlocks(t *testing.T) {
 	if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "mail.user_mailbox.event.message_read_v1") {
 		t.Errorf("error should name the missing event type, got: %v", err)
 	}
-	var exit *output.ExitError
-	if !errors.As(err, &exit) {
-		t.Fatalf("expected output.ExitError, got %T: %v", err, err)
+	p, ok := errs.ProblemOf(err)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("expected typed errs error, got %T: %v", err, err)
 	}
-	if exit.Code != output.ExitValidation {
-		t.Errorf("ExitCode = %d, want ExitValidation (%d)", exit.Code, output.ExitValidation)
-	}
-	if exit.Detail == nil {
-		t.Fatal("expected Detail with hint")
+	if p.Category != errs.CategoryValidation || p.Subtype != errs.SubtypeFailedPrecondition {
+		t.Errorf("problem = %s/%s, want %s/%s", p.Category, p.Subtype,
+			errs.CategoryValidation, errs.SubtypeFailedPrecondition)
 	}
 	wantURL := "https://open.feishu.cn/app/cli_XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX/event"
-	if !strings.Contains(exit.Detail.Hint, wantURL) {
-		t.Errorf("hint missing subscription URL %q\ngot: %s", wantURL, exit.Detail.Hint)
+	if !strings.Contains(p.Hint, wantURL) {
+		t.Errorf("hint missing subscription URL %q\ngot: %s", wantURL, p.Hint)
 	}
 }
 
@@ -145,17 +143,19 @@ func TestPreflightScopes_Bot_MissingBlocks(t *testing.T) {
 	if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "im:message.group_at_msg") {
 		t.Errorf("error should name missing scope, got: %v", err)
 	}
-	var exit *output.ExitError
-	if !errors.As(err, &exit) {
-		t.Fatalf("expected output.ExitError, got %T: %v", err, err)
+	var permErr *errs.PermissionError
+	if !errors.As(err, &permErr) {
+		t.Fatalf("expected *errs.PermissionError, got %T: %v", err, err)
 	}
-	if exit.Code != output.ExitAuth {
-		t.Errorf("ExitCode = %d, want ExitAuth (%d)", exit.Code, output.ExitAuth)
+	if permErr.Category != errs.CategoryAuthorization || permErr.Subtype != errs.SubtypeMissingScope {
+		t.Errorf("problem = %s/%s, want %s/%s", permErr.Category, permErr.Subtype,
+			errs.CategoryAuthorization, errs.SubtypeMissingScope)
 	}
-	if exit.Detail == nil {
-		t.Fatal("expected Detail with hint, got nil Detail")
+	wantMissing := []string{"im:message.group_at_msg"}
+	if len(permErr.MissingScopes) != 1 || permErr.MissingScopes[0] != wantMissing[0] {
+		t.Errorf("MissingScopes = %v, want %v", permErr.MissingScopes, wantMissing)
 	}
-	hint := exit.Detail.Hint
+	hint := permErr.Hint
 	wantSubstrings := []string{
 		"https://open.feishu.cn/app/cli_x/auth?q=",
 		"im:message.group_at_msg",

cmd/event/runtime.go

@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@ package event
 import (
 	"context"
 	"encoding/json"
-	"fmt"
 
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/client"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
 )
@@ -26,7 +26,11 @@ func (r *consumeRuntime) CallAPI(ctx context.Context, method, path string, body
 		As:     r.accessIdentity,
 	})
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
+		if _, ok := errs.ProblemOf(err); ok {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		return nil, errs.NewNetworkError(errs.SubtypeNetworkTransport,
+			"api %s %s: %s", method, path, err).WithCause(err)
 	}
 	// Non-JSON HTTP errors (gateway text/plain 404 etc.) skip OAPI envelope parsing.
 	ct := resp.Header.Get("Content-Type")
@@ -36,11 +40,20 @@ func (r *consumeRuntime) CallAPI(ctx context.Context, method, path string, body
 		if len(body) > maxBodyEcho {
 			body = body[:maxBodyEcho] + "…(truncated)"
 		}
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("api %s %s returned %d: %s", method, path, resp.StatusCode, body)
+		if resp.StatusCode >= 500 {
+			return nil, errs.NewNetworkError(errs.SubtypeNetworkServer,
+				"api %s %s returned %d: %s", method, path, resp.StatusCode, body).WithRetryable()
+		}
+		return nil, errs.NewInternalError(errs.SubtypeInvalidResponse,
+			"api %s %s returned %d: %s", method, path, resp.StatusCode, body)
 	}
 	result, err := client.ParseJSONResponse(resp)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
+		if _, ok := errs.ProblemOf(err); ok {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		return nil, errs.NewInternalError(errs.SubtypeInvalidResponse,
+			"api %s %s: %s", method, path, err).WithCause(err)
 	}
 	if apiErr := r.client.CheckResponse(result, r.accessIdentity); apiErr != nil {
 		return json.RawMessage(resp.RawBody), apiErr

cmd/event/runtime_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package event
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"io"
+	"net/http"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	lark "github.com/larksuite/oapi-sdk-go/v3"
+	larkcore "github.com/larksuite/oapi-sdk-go/v3/core"
+
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/client"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/credential"
+)
+
+// staticTokenResolver always returns a fixed token without any HTTP calls.
+type staticTokenResolver struct{}
+
+func (s *staticTokenResolver) ResolveToken(_ context.Context, _ credential.TokenSpec) (*credential.TokenResult, error) {
+	return &credential.TokenResult{Token: "test-token"}, nil
+}
+
+// stubRoundTripper intercepts every outgoing request with a canned response.
+type stubRoundTripper struct {
+	respond func(*http.Request) (*http.Response, error)
+}
+
+func (s stubRoundTripper) RoundTrip(r *http.Request) (*http.Response, error) { return s.respond(r) }
+
+func newTestConsumeRuntime(rt http.RoundTripper) *consumeRuntime {
+	sdk := lark.NewClient("test-app", "test-secret",
+		lark.WithEnableTokenCache(false),
+		lark.WithLogLevel(larkcore.LogLevelError),
+		lark.WithHttpClient(&http.Client{Transport: rt}),
+	)
+	return &consumeRuntime{
+		client: &client.APIClient{
+			SDK:        sdk,
+			ErrOut:     io.Discard,
+			Credential: credential.NewCredentialProvider(nil, nil, &staticTokenResolver{}, nil),
+			Config:     &core.CliConfig{AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: core.BrandFeishu},
+		},
+		accessIdentity: core.AsBot,
+	}
+}
+
+func stubResponse(status int, contentType, body string) func(*http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
+	return func(r *http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
+		return &http.Response{
+			StatusCode: status,
+			Header:     http.Header{"Content-Type": []string{contentType}},
+			Body:       io.NopCloser(strings.NewReader(body)),
+			Request:    r,
+		}, nil
+	}
+}
+
+func requireCallAPIProblem(t *testing.T, err error, category errs.Category, subtype errs.Subtype) {
+	t.Helper()
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected error, got nil")
+	}
+	p, ok := errs.ProblemOf(err)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("expected typed errs error, got %T: %v", err, err)
+	}
+	if p.Category != category || p.Subtype != subtype {
+		t.Fatalf("problem = %s/%s, want %s/%s", p.Category, p.Subtype, category, subtype)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestConsumeRuntimeCallAPI_NonJSONHTTPError(t *testing.T) {
+	r := newTestConsumeRuntime(stubRoundTripper{respond: stubResponse(http.StatusNotFound, "text/plain", "gone")})
+	_, err := r.CallAPI(context.Background(), "GET", "/open-apis/event/v1/connection", nil)
+	requireCallAPIProblem(t, err, errs.CategoryInternal, errs.SubtypeInvalidResponse)
+	if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "returned 404") {
+		t.Errorf("error should echo the HTTP status, got: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestConsumeRuntimeCallAPI_NonJSONHTTPErrorTruncatesLongBody(t *testing.T) {
+	long := strings.Repeat("x", 300)
+	r := newTestConsumeRuntime(stubRoundTripper{respond: stubResponse(http.StatusBadGateway, "text/html", long)})
+	_, err := r.CallAPI(context.Background(), "GET", "/open-apis/event/v1/connection", nil)
+	requireCallAPIProblem(t, err, errs.CategoryNetwork, errs.SubtypeNetworkServer)
+	p, _ := errs.ProblemOf(err)
+	if !p.Retryable {
+		t.Fatal("5xx non-JSON response should be marked retryable")
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "…(truncated)") {
+		t.Errorf("long body should be truncated in the message, got: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestConsumeRuntimeCallAPI_UnparsableJSONBody(t *testing.T) {
+	r := newTestConsumeRuntime(stubRoundTripper{respond: stubResponse(http.StatusOK, "application/json", "{not json")})
+	_, err := r.CallAPI(context.Background(), "GET", "/open-apis/event/v1/connection", nil)
+	requireCallAPIProblem(t, err, errs.CategoryInternal, errs.SubtypeInvalidResponse)
+}
+
+func TestConsumeRuntimeCallAPI_TransportFailure(t *testing.T) {
+	r := newTestConsumeRuntime(stubRoundTripper{respond: func(*http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
+		return nil, errors.New("connection refused")
+	}})
+	_, err := r.CallAPI(context.Background(), "GET", "/open-apis/event/v1/connection", nil)
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected error, got nil")
+	}
+	p, ok := errs.ProblemOf(err)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("expected typed errs error, got %T: %v", err, err)
+	}
+	if p.Category != errs.CategoryNetwork {
+		t.Fatalf("category = %s, want %s", p.Category, errs.CategoryNetwork)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestConsumeRuntimeCallAPI_EnvelopeErrorIsTyped(t *testing.T) {
+	r := newTestConsumeRuntime(stubRoundTripper{respond: stubResponse(http.StatusOK, "application/json",
+		`{"code":99991663,"msg":"app not found"}`)})
+	_, err := r.CallAPI(context.Background(), "GET", "/open-apis/event/v1/connection", nil)
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected error, got nil")
+	}
+	if _, ok := errs.ProblemOf(err); !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("envelope error should be typed via BuildAPIError, got %T: %v", err, err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestConsumeRuntimeCallAPI_Success(t *testing.T) {
+	r := newTestConsumeRuntime(stubRoundTripper{respond: stubResponse(http.StatusOK, "application/json",
+		`{"code":0,"data":{"ok":true}}`)})
+	raw, err := r.CallAPI(context.Background(), "GET", "/open-apis/event/v1/connection", nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(string(raw), `"code":0`) {
+		t.Errorf("raw body should pass through, got: %s", raw)
+	}
+}

cmd/event/schema.go

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
 	eventlib "github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/event"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/event/schemas"
@@ -39,12 +40,14 @@ func resolveSchemaJSON(def *eventlib.KeyDefinition) (json.RawMessage, []string,
 	if len(def.Schema.FieldOverrides) > 0 {
 		var parsed map[string]interface{}
 		if err := json.Unmarshal(base, &parsed); err != nil {
-			return nil, nil, err
+			return nil, nil, errs.NewInternalError(errs.SubtypeUnknown,
+				"parse base schema for field overrides: %s", err).WithCause(err)
 		}
 		orphans := schemas.ApplyFieldOverrides(parsed, def.Schema.FieldOverrides)
 		out, err := json.Marshal(parsed)
 		if err != nil {
-			return nil, nil, err
+			return nil, nil, errs.NewInternalError(errs.SubtypeUnknown,
+				"serialize schema with field overrides: %s", err).WithCause(err)
 		}
 		return out, orphans, nil
 	}
@@ -73,7 +76,7 @@ func renderSpec(s *eventlib.SchemaSpec) (json.RawMessage, error) {
 		copy(buf, s.Raw)
 		return buf, nil
 	}
-	return nil, fmt.Errorf("schemaSpec has neither Type nor Raw")
+	return nil, errs.NewInternalError(errs.SubtypeUnknown, "schemaSpec has neither Type nor Raw")
 }
 
 func NewCmdSchema(f *cmdutil.Factory) *cobra.Command {
@@ -165,7 +168,7 @@ func runSchema(f *cmdutil.Factory, key string, asJSON bool) error {
 
 	resolved, _, err := resolveSchemaJSON(def)
 	if err != nil {
-		return output.Errorf(output.ExitInternal, "internal", "resolve schema: %v", err)
+		return err
 	}
 	if resolved != nil {
 		fmt.Fprintf(out, "\nOutput Schema:\n")

cmd/event/schema_test.go

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
 
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
 	eventlib "github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/event"
@@ -129,3 +130,38 @@ func TestResolveSchemaJSON_CustomWithOverlay(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Errorf("overlay format = %v, want open_id", got)
 	}
 }
+
+func TestRenderSpec_EmptySpecIsTypedInternalError(t *testing.T) {
+	_, err := renderSpec(&eventlib.SchemaSpec{})
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected error for spec with neither Type nor Raw")
+	}
+	p, ok := errs.ProblemOf(err)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("expected typed errs error, got %T: %v", err, err)
+	}
+	if p.Category != errs.CategoryInternal {
+		t.Errorf("category = %s, want %s", p.Category, errs.CategoryInternal)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestResolveSchemaJSON_InvalidBaseWithOverridesIsTypedInternalError(t *testing.T) {
+	def := &eventlib.KeyDefinition{
+		Key: "synthetic.invalid.base",
+		Schema: eventlib.SchemaDef{
+			Custom:         &eventlib.SchemaSpec{Raw: json.RawMessage("{not json")},
+			FieldOverrides: map[string]schemas.FieldMeta{"x": {}},
+		},
+	}
+	_, _, err := resolveSchemaJSON(def)
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected error for unparsable base schema")
+	}
+	p, ok := errs.ProblemOf(err)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("expected typed errs error, got %T: %v", err, err)
+	}
+	if p.Category != errs.CategoryInternal {
+		t.Errorf("category = %s, want %s", p.Category, errs.CategoryInternal)
+	}
+}

cmd/event/suggestions.go

@@ -8,8 +8,8 @@ import (
 	"sort"
 	"strings"
 
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
 	eventlib "github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/event"
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/output"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/suggest"
 )
 
@@ -64,9 +64,6 @@ func unknownEventKeyErr(key string) error {
 	if guesses := suggestEventKeys(key); len(guesses) > 0 {
 		msg += " — did you mean " + formatSuggestions(guesses) + "?"
 	}
-	return output.ErrWithHint(
-		output.ExitValidation, "validation",
-		msg,
-		"Run 'lark-cli event list' to see available keys.",
-	)
+	return errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, "%s", msg).
+		WithHint("Run 'lark-cli event list' to see available keys.")
 }

events/minutes/preconsume.go

@@ -5,9 +5,9 @@ package minutes
 
 import (
 	"context"
-	"fmt"
 	"time"
 
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/event"
 )
 
@@ -16,7 +16,8 @@ const cleanupTimeout = 5 * time.Second
 func subscriptionPreConsume(eventType, subscribePath, unsubscribePath string) func(context.Context, event.APIClient, map[string]string) (func(), error) {
 	return func(ctx context.Context, rt event.APIClient, _ map[string]string) (func(), error) {
 		if rt == nil {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("runtime API client is required for pre-consume subscription")
+			return nil, errs.NewInternalError(errs.SubtypeUnknown,
+				"runtime API client is required for pre-consume subscription")
 		}
 
 		body := map[string]string{"event_type": eventType}

events/vc/note_detail_retry_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package vc
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
+)
+
+// isLarkCode must match the API code on typed errs.* errors — the consume
+// runtime classifies OAPI failures via errclass.BuildAPIError, so the
+// not-found retry in fillVCNoteGeneratedDetails depends on this reading
+// Problem.Code rather than the legacy envelope shape.
+func TestIsLarkCode_MatchesTypedAPIErrorCode(t *testing.T) {
+	typedNotFound := errs.NewAPIError(errs.SubtypeNotFound, "note not ready").
+		WithCode(vcNoteDetailNotFoundCode)
+	if !isLarkCode(typedNotFound, vcNoteDetailNotFoundCode) {
+		t.Fatal("typed API error carrying the not-found code must match (retry path)")
+	}
+	if isLarkCode(typedNotFound, 99999) {
+		t.Error("a different expected code must not match")
+	}
+
+	otherTyped := errs.NewAPIError(errs.SubtypeServerError, "boom").WithCode(500)
+	if isLarkCode(otherTyped, vcNoteDetailNotFoundCode) {
+		t.Error("typed error with another code must not match")
+	}
+
+	if isLarkCode(errors.New("plain failure"), vcNoteDetailNotFoundCode) {
+		t.Error("untyped error must not match")
+	}
+}

events/vc/note_generated.go

@@ -6,12 +6,11 @@ package vc
 import (
 	"context"
 	"encoding/json"
-	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"time"
 
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/event"
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/output"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/validate"
 )
 
@@ -148,9 +147,8 @@ func fillVCNoteGeneratedDetails(ctx context.Context, rt event.APIClient, out *VC
 }
 
 func isLarkCode(err error, code int) bool {
-	var exitErr *output.ExitError
-	if errors.As(err, &exitErr) && exitErr.Detail != nil {
-		return exitErr.Detail.Code == code
+	if p, ok := errs.ProblemOf(err); ok {
+		return p.Code == code
 	}
 	return false
 }

events/vc/preconsume.go

@@ -5,9 +5,9 @@ package vc
 
 import (
 	"context"
-	"fmt"
 	"time"
 
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/event"
 )
 
@@ -16,7 +16,8 @@ const cleanupTimeout = 5 * time.Second
 func subscriptionPreConsume(eventType, subscribePath, unsubscribePath string) func(context.Context, event.APIClient, map[string]string) (func(), error) {
 	return func(ctx context.Context, rt event.APIClient, _ map[string]string) (func(), error) {
 		if rt == nil {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("runtime API client is required for pre-consume subscription")
+			return nil, errs.NewInternalError(errs.SubtypeUnknown,
+				"runtime API client is required for pre-consume subscription")
 		}
 
 		body := map[string]string{"event_type": eventType}

events/whiteboard/preconsume.go

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"time"
 
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/event"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/validate"
 )
@@ -24,11 +25,15 @@ const cleanupTimeout = 5 * time.Second
 func whiteboardSubscriptionPreConsume(eventType string) func(context.Context, event.APIClient, map[string]string) (func(), error) {
 	return func(ctx context.Context, rt event.APIClient, params map[string]string) (func(), error) {
 		if rt == nil {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("runtime API client is required for pre-consume subscription")
+			return nil, errs.NewInternalError(errs.SubtypeUnknown,
+				"runtime API client is required for pre-consume subscription")
 		}
 		whiteboardID := params["whiteboard_id"]
 		if whiteboardID == "" {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("param whiteboard_id is required for %s", eventType)
+			return nil, errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument,
+				"param whiteboard_id is required for %s", eventType).
+				WithParam("--param").
+				WithHint("pass it as --param whiteboard_id=<id>; run `lark-cli event schema %s` for details", eventType)
 		}
 		encoded := validate.EncodePathSegment(whiteboardID)
 		subscribePath := fmt.Sprintf("/open-apis/board/v1/whiteboards/%s/subscribe", encoded)

events/whiteboard/preconsume_test.go

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import (
 	"sync"
 	"testing"
 
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/event"
 )
 
@@ -58,6 +59,16 @@ func TestWhiteboardSubscriptionPreConsume_MissingWhiteboardID(t *testing.T) {
 	if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "whiteboard_id") {
 		t.Fatalf("error should mention whiteboard_id, got: %v", err)
 	}
+	var ve *errs.ValidationError
+	if !errors.As(err, &ve) {
+		t.Fatalf("expected *errs.ValidationError, got %T: %v", err, err)
+	}
+	if ve.Subtype != errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument || ve.Param != "--param" {
+		t.Errorf("subtype/param = %s/%q, want %s/%q", ve.Subtype, ve.Param, errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, "--param")
+	}
+	if ve.Hint == "" {
+		t.Error("missing whiteboard_id should carry a hint")
+	}
 }
 
 // TestWhiteboardSubscriptionPreConsume_NilRuntime verifies that PreConsume
@@ -70,6 +81,9 @@ func TestWhiteboardSubscriptionPreConsume_NilRuntime(t *testing.T) {
 	if err == nil {
 		t.Fatalf("expected error when runtime client is nil")
 	}
+	if p, ok := errs.ProblemOf(err); !ok || p.Category != errs.CategoryInternal {
+		t.Errorf("nil-runtime invariant should be a typed internal error, got %T: %v", err, err)
+	}
 }
 
 // TestWhiteboardSubscriptionPreConsume_SubscribeError verifies that a

internal/event/consume/consume.go

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ import (
 	"sync/atomic"
 	"time"
 
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/event"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/event/transport"
 )
@@ -44,7 +45,9 @@ func Run(ctx context.Context, tr transport.IPC, appID, profileName, domain strin
 
 	keyDef, ok := event.Lookup(opts.EventKey)
 	if !ok {
-		return fmt.Errorf("unknown EventKey: %s\nRun 'lark-cli event list' to see available keys", opts.EventKey)
+		return errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument,
+			"unknown EventKey: %s", opts.EventKey).
+			WithHint("run `lark-cli event list` to see available keys")
 	}
 
 	if err := validateParams(keyDef, opts.Params); err != nil {
@@ -80,7 +83,8 @@ func Run(ctx context.Context, tr transport.IPC, appID, profileName, domain strin
 
 	ack, br, err := doHello(conn, opts.EventKey, []string{keyDef.EventType})
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("handshake failed: %w", err)
+		return errs.NewInternalError(errs.SubtypeUnknown,
+			"event bus handshake failed: %s", err).WithCause(err)
 	}
 
 	var cleanup func()
@@ -90,7 +94,11 @@ func Run(ctx context.Context, tr transport.IPC, appID, profileName, domain strin
 		}
 		cleanup, err = keyDef.PreConsume(ctx, opts.Runtime, opts.Params)
 		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("pre-consume failed: %w", err)
+			if _, ok := errs.ProblemOf(err); ok {
+				return err
+			}
+			return errs.NewInternalError(errs.SubtypeUnknown,
+				"pre-consume failed: %s", err).WithCause(err)
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -152,8 +160,10 @@ func validateParams(def *event.KeyDefinition, params map[string]string) error {
 	for _, p := range def.Params {
 		if p.Required {
 			if _, ok := params[p.Name]; !ok {
-				return fmt.Errorf("required param %q missing for EventKey %s. Run 'lark-cli event schema %s' for details",
-					p.Name, def.Key, def.Key)
+				return errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument,
+					"required param %q missing for EventKey %s", p.Name, def.Key).
+					WithParam("--param").
+					WithHint("pass it as --param %s=<value>; run `lark-cli event schema %s` for details", p.Name, def.Key)
 			}
 		}
 	}
@@ -169,11 +179,15 @@ func validateParams(def *event.KeyDefinition, params map[string]string) error {
 			continue
 		}
 		if len(validNames) == 0 {
-			return fmt.Errorf("unknown param %q: EventKey %s accepts no params. Run 'lark-cli event schema %s' for details",
-				k, def.Key, def.Key)
+			return errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument,
+				"unknown param %q: EventKey %s accepts no params", k, def.Key).
+				WithParam("--param").
+				WithHint("run `lark-cli event schema %s` for details", def.Key)
 		}
-		return fmt.Errorf("unknown param %q for EventKey %s. valid params: %s. Run 'lark-cli event schema %s' for details",
-			k, def.Key, strings.Join(validNames, ", "), def.Key)
+		return errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument,
+			"unknown param %q for EventKey %s. valid params: %s", k, def.Key, strings.Join(validNames, ", ")).
+			WithParam("--param").
+			WithHint("run `lark-cli event schema %s` for details", def.Key)
 	}
 	return nil
 }

internal/event/consume/jq.go

@@ -8,17 +8,21 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 
 	"github.com/itchyny/gojq"
+
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
 )
 
 // CompileJQ compiles once for hot-path reuse; exported so callers can preflight before side effects.
 func CompileJQ(expr string) (*gojq.Code, error) {
 	query, err := gojq.Parse(expr)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid jq expression: %w", err)
+		return nil, errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument,
+			"invalid jq expression: %s", err).WithParam("--jq").WithCause(err)
 	}
 	code, err := gojq.Compile(query)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("jq compile error: %w", err)
+		return nil, errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument,
+			"jq compile error: %s", err).WithParam("--jq").WithCause(err)
 	}
 	return code, nil
 }

internal/event/consume/loop_jq_test.go

@@ -5,10 +5,13 @@ package consume
 
 import (
 	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
 	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
 )
 
 func TestCompileJQReportsErrorEarly(t *testing.T) {
@@ -20,6 +23,16 @@ func TestCompileJQReportsErrorEarly(t *testing.T) {
 	if !strings.Contains(msg, "compile") && !strings.Contains(msg, "parse") && !strings.Contains(msg, "invalid") {
 		t.Errorf("error should mention compile/parse/invalid, got: %v", err)
 	}
+	var ve *errs.ValidationError
+	if !errors.As(err, &ve) {
+		t.Fatalf("expected *errs.ValidationError, got %T: %v", err, err)
+	}
+	if ve.Subtype != errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument || ve.Param != "--jq" {
+		t.Errorf("subtype/param = %s/%q, want %s/%q", ve.Subtype, ve.Param, errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, "--jq")
+	}
+	if errors.Unwrap(err) == nil {
+		t.Error("compile error should preserve its cause")
+	}
 }
 
 func TestCompileJQReturnsUsableCode(t *testing.T) {

internal/event/consume/sink.go

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ import (
 	"sync/atomic"
 	"time"
 
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/vfs"
 )
 
@@ -23,7 +24,8 @@ type Sink interface {
 func newSink(opts Options) (Sink, error) {
 	if opts.OutputDir != "" {
 		if err := vfs.MkdirAll(opts.OutputDir, 0755); err != nil {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("create output dir: %w", err)
+			return nil, errs.NewInternalError(errs.SubtypeFileIO,
+				"create output dir: %s", err).WithCause(err)
 		}
 		// PID disambiguates filenames across processes sharing a Dir.
 		return &DirSink{Dir: opts.OutputDir, pid: os.Getpid()}, nil

internal/event/consume/startup.go

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ import (
 	"path/filepath"
 	"time"
 
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/event"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/event/protocol"
@@ -51,10 +52,9 @@ func EnsureBus(ctx context.Context, tr transport.IPC, appID, profileName, domain
 		} else {
 			fmt.Fprintf(errOut, "[event] remote connection check: online_instance_cnt=%d\n", count)
 			if count > 0 {
-				return nil, fmt.Errorf("another event bus is already connected to this app "+
-					"(%d active connection(s) detected via API).\n"+
-					"Only one bus should run globally to avoid duplicate event delivery.\n"+
-					"Use 'lark-cli event status' to check, or 'lark-cli event stop' on the other machine first", count)
+				return nil, errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeFailedPrecondition,
+					"another event bus is already connected to this app (%d active connection(s) detected via API); only one bus should run globally to avoid duplicate event delivery", count).
+					WithHint("use `lark-cli event status` to check, or `lark-cli event stop` on the other machine first")
 			}
 		}
 	} else {
@@ -65,8 +65,10 @@ func EnsureBus(ctx context.Context, tr transport.IPC, appID, profileName, domain
 	pid, forkErr := forkBus(tr, appID, profileName, domain)
 	if forkErr != nil && !errors.Is(forkErr, lockfile.ErrHeld) {
 		eventsRoot := filepath.Join(core.GetConfigDir(), "events")
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to start event bus daemon: %w\n"+
-			"Check: disk space, permissions on %s, and 'lark-cli doctor'", forkErr, eventsRoot)
+		return nil, errs.NewInternalError(errs.SubtypeUnknown,
+			"failed to start event bus daemon: %s", forkErr).
+			WithCause(forkErr).
+			WithHint("check disk space, permissions on %s, and `lark-cli doctor`", eventsRoot)
 	}
 	if pid > 0 {
 		announceForkedBus(errOut, pid)
@@ -88,7 +90,9 @@ func EnsureBus(ctx context.Context, tr transport.IPC, appID, profileName, domain
 	fmt.Fprintln(errOut, "[event] event bus exited unexpectedly.")
 	fmt.Fprintln(errOut, "[event] please check app credentials (lark-cli config show) and retry.")
 	fmt.Fprintf(errOut, "[event] logs: %s\n", logPath)
-	return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to connect to event bus within %v (app=%s)", dialTimeout, appID)
+	return nil, errs.NewInternalError(errs.SubtypeUnknown,
+		"failed to connect to event bus within %v (app=%s)", dialTimeout, appID).
+		WithHint("check app credentials (`lark-cli config show`) and retry; bus logs: %s", logPath)
 }
 
 // probeAndDialBus distinguishes a healthy bus from a mid-shutdown listener via StatusQuery first.

internal/event/consume/startup_guard_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package consume
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
+	"io"
+	"net"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/event"
+)
+
+// failDialTransport refuses every dial so EnsureBus falls through to the
+// remote-connection check without a local bus.
+type failDialTransport struct{}
+
+func (failDialTransport) Listen(string) (net.Listener, error) { return nil, errors.New("no listen") }
+func (failDialTransport) Dial(string) (net.Conn, error)       { return nil, errors.New("refused") }
+func (failDialTransport) Address(string) string               { return "guard-test-addr" }
+func (failDialTransport) Cleanup(string)                      {}
+
+// remoteBusyAPIClient reports active remote WebSocket connections.
+type remoteBusyAPIClient struct{ count int }
+
+func (c remoteBusyAPIClient) CallAPI(context.Context, string, string, interface{}) (json.RawMessage, error) {
+	return json.RawMessage(`{"code":0,"msg":"ok","data":{"online_instance_cnt":` +
+		strconv.Itoa(c.count) + `}}`), nil
+}
+
+func TestEnsureBus_RemoteBusAlreadyConnectedIsFailedPrecondition(t *testing.T) {
+	conn, err := EnsureBus(context.Background(), failDialTransport{},
+		"cli_guard_test", "", "", remoteBusyAPIClient{count: 2}, io.Discard)
+	if conn != nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected nil conn when a remote bus is already connected")
+	}
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected single-bus guard error")
+	}
+	var ve *errs.ValidationError
+	if !errors.As(err, &ve) {
+		t.Fatalf("expected *errs.ValidationError, got %T: %v", err, err)
+	}
+	if ve.Subtype != errs.SubtypeFailedPrecondition {
+		t.Errorf("subtype = %s, want %s", ve.Subtype, errs.SubtypeFailedPrecondition)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(ve.Hint, "event stop") {
+		t.Errorf("hint should point at `event stop`, got: %q", ve.Hint)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRun_UnknownEventKeyIsTypedValidation(t *testing.T) {
+	err := Run(context.Background(), failDialTransport{}, "cli_x", "", "", Options{
+		EventKey: "bogus.run.key",
+		ErrOut:   io.Discard,
+	})
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected unknown EventKey error")
+	}
+	var ve *errs.ValidationError
+	if !errors.As(err, &ve) {
+		t.Fatalf("expected *errs.ValidationError, got %T: %v", err, err)
+	}
+	if ve.Subtype != errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument {
+		t.Errorf("subtype = %s, want %s", ve.Subtype, errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(ve.Hint, "event list") {
+		t.Errorf("hint should point at `event list`, got: %q", ve.Hint)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRun_InvalidJQFailsBeforeAnySideEffect(t *testing.T) {
+	event.RegisterKey(event.KeyDefinition{
+		Key:       "consume.runtest.jq",
+		EventType: "consume.runtest.jq_v1",
+		Schema:    event.SchemaDef{Custom: &event.SchemaSpec{Raw: json.RawMessage(`{}`)}},
+	})
+	err := Run(context.Background(), failDialTransport{}, "cli_x", "", "", Options{
+		EventKey: "consume.runtest.jq",
+		JQExpr:   "[invalid{{{",
+		ErrOut:   io.Discard,
+	})
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected jq validation error")
+	}
+	var ve *errs.ValidationError
+	if !errors.As(err, &ve) {
+		t.Fatalf("expected *errs.ValidationError, got %T: %v", err, err)
+	}
+	if ve.Param != "--jq" {
+		t.Errorf("param = %q, want %q", ve.Param, "--jq")
+	}
+}

internal/event/consume/validate_params_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package consume
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/event"
+)
+
+func requireParamValidationError(t *testing.T, err error) {
+	t.Helper()
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected validation error, got nil")
+	}
+	var ve *errs.ValidationError
+	if !errors.As(err, &ve) {
+		t.Fatalf("expected *errs.ValidationError, got %T: %v", err, err)
+	}
+	if ve.Subtype != errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument || ve.Param != "--param" {
+		t.Errorf("subtype/param = %s/%q, want %s/%q", ve.Subtype, ve.Param, errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, "--param")
+	}
+	if ve.Hint == "" {
+		t.Error("param validation error should hint at `lark-cli event schema`")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestValidateParams_RequiredMissing(t *testing.T) {
+	def := &event.KeyDefinition{
+		Key:    "x.test",
+		Params: []event.ParamDef{{Name: "chat_id", Required: true}},
+	}
+	requireParamValidationError(t, validateParams(def, map[string]string{}))
+}
+
+func TestValidateParams_UnknownParam(t *testing.T) {
+	def := &event.KeyDefinition{
+		Key:    "x.test",
+		Params: []event.ParamDef{{Name: "chat_id"}},
+	}
+	requireParamValidationError(t, validateParams(def, map[string]string{"nope": "1"}))
+}
+
+func TestValidateParams_UnknownParamNoParamsAccepted(t *testing.T) {
+	def := &event.KeyDefinition{Key: "x.test"}
+	requireParamValidationError(t, validateParams(def, map[string]string{"nope": "1"}))
+}
+
+func TestValidateParams_DefaultAppliedAndValidPasses(t *testing.T) {
+	def := &event.KeyDefinition{
+		Key:    "x.test",
+		Params: []event.ParamDef{{Name: "mode", Required: true, Default: "all"}},
+	}
+	params := map[string]string{}
+	if err := validateParams(def, params); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("default should satisfy required param, got: %v", err)
+	}
+	if params["mode"] != "all" {
+		t.Errorf("default not applied, params=%v", params)
+	}
+}

lint/errscontract/rule_no_legacy_common_helper_call.go

@@ -15,9 +15,14 @@ import (
 // legacy validation/save helpers are forbidden; callers must use the typed
 // common replacements or construct an errs.* typed error directly.
 var migratedCommonHelperPaths = []string{
+	"cmd/event/",
+	"events/",
+	"internal/event/consume/",
 	"shortcuts/base/",
 	"shortcuts/calendar/",
+	"shortcuts/contact/",
 	"shortcuts/drive/",
+	"shortcuts/event/",
 	"shortcuts/mail/",
 	"shortcuts/minutes/",
 	"shortcuts/okr/",

lint/errscontract/rule_no_legacy_envelope_literal.go

@@ -16,9 +16,14 @@ import (
 // call sites must return a typed errs.* error instead. Future domains opt in by
 // appending their path prefix here.
 var migratedEnvelopePaths = []string{
+	"cmd/event/",
+	"events/",
+	"internal/event/consume/",
 	"shortcuts/base/",
 	"shortcuts/calendar/",
+	"shortcuts/contact/",
 	"shortcuts/drive/",
+	"shortcuts/event/",
 	"shortcuts/mail/",
 	"shortcuts/minutes/",
 	"shortcuts/okr/",

lint/errscontract/rule_no_legacy_runtime_api_call.go

@@ -27,6 +27,11 @@ import (
 // is not matched. runtime.DoAPI / runtime.RawAPI are intentionally not listed:
 // they return the raw response for the caller to classify and do not emit a
 // legacy envelope themselves.
+//
+// Files that do not import shortcuts/common are skipped: the legacy helpers
+// are methods on common.RuntimeContext, so a same-named method on another
+// receiver (for example the event domain's APIClient interface, whose
+// implementation classifies into typed errs.* errors) is not a legacy call.
 func CheckNoLegacyRuntimeAPICall(path, src string) []Violation {
 	if !isMigratedEnvelopePath(path) || strings.HasSuffix(path, "_test.go") {
 		return nil
@@ -36,6 +41,9 @@ func CheckNoLegacyRuntimeAPICall(path, src string) []Violation {
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil
 	}
+	if !importsPath(file, commonImportPath) {
+		return nil
+	}
 	var out []Violation
 	ast.Inspect(file, func(n ast.Node) bool {
 		call, ok := n.(*ast.CallExpr)
@@ -71,3 +79,16 @@ func matchLegacyRuntimeAPIMethod(name string) (string, bool) {
 	}
 	return "", false
 }
+
+// importsPath reports whether the file imports the given package path.
+func importsPath(file *ast.File, importPath string) bool {
+	for _, imp := range file.Imports {
+		if imp.Path == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		if strings.Trim(imp.Path.Value, "`\"") == importPath {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}

lint/errscontract/rules_test.go

@@ -691,7 +691,7 @@ func boom() error {
 	return &output.ExitError{Code: 1}
 }
 `
-	v := CheckNoLegacyEnvelopeLiteral("shortcuts/contact/foo.go", src)
+	v := CheckNoLegacyEnvelopeLiteral("shortcuts/unmigrated/foo.go", src)
 	if len(v) != 0 {
 		t.Errorf("non-migrated path should pass, got: %+v", v)
 	}
@@ -813,6 +813,8 @@ func boom() error {
 func TestCheckNoLegacyRuntimeAPICall_RejectsCallAPIOnDrivePath(t *testing.T) {
 	src := `package drive
 
+import "github.com/larksuite/cli/shortcuts/common"
+
 func boom(runtime *common.RuntimeContext) error {
 	_, err := runtime.CallAPI("POST", "/x", nil, nil)
 	return err
@@ -833,6 +835,8 @@ func boom(runtime *common.RuntimeContext) error {
 func TestCheckNoLegacyRuntimeAPICall_RejectsCallAPIOnTaskPath(t *testing.T) {
 	src := `package task
 
+import "github.com/larksuite/cli/shortcuts/common"
+
 func boom(runtime *common.RuntimeContext) error {
 	_, err := runtime.CallAPI("POST", "/x", nil, nil)
 	return err
@@ -853,6 +857,8 @@ func boom(runtime *common.RuntimeContext) error {
 func TestCheckNoLegacyRuntimeAPICall_RejectsDoAPIJSONWithLogIDOnDrivePath(t *testing.T) {
 	src := `package drive
 
+import "github.com/larksuite/cli/shortcuts/common"
+
 func boom(runtime *common.RuntimeContext) error {
 	_, err := runtime.DoAPIJSONWithLogID("POST", "/x", nil, nil)
 	return err
@@ -907,7 +913,7 @@ func boom(runtime *common.RuntimeContext) error {
 	return err
 }
 `
-	v := CheckNoLegacyRuntimeAPICall("shortcuts/contact/contact_get.go", src)
+	v := CheckNoLegacyRuntimeAPICall("shortcuts/unmigrated/sample.go", src)
 	if len(v) != 0 {
 		t.Errorf("non-migrated path must not fire, got: %+v", v)
 	}
@@ -1006,7 +1012,7 @@ func boom() {
 	common.FlagErrorf("legacy allowed until domain migrates")
 }
 `
-	v := CheckNoLegacyCommonHelperCall("shortcuts/contact/contact_get.go", src)
+	v := CheckNoLegacyCommonHelperCall("shortcuts/unmigrated/sample.go", src)
 	if len(v) != 0 {
 		t.Errorf("non-migrated path must pass, got: %+v", v)
 	}
@@ -1076,3 +1082,23 @@ func boom() error {
 		t.Fatalf("expected 1 violation for function-value reference, got %d: %+v", len(v), v)
 	}
 }
+
+func TestCheckNoLegacyRuntimeAPICall_SkipsNonCommonReceiver(t *testing.T) {
+	// The event domain's APIClient interface has a same-named CallAPI method
+	// whose implementation classifies into typed errs.* errors; without the
+	// shortcuts/common import the call cannot be the legacy RuntimeContext
+	// helper and must not fire.
+	src := `package vc
+
+import "github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/event"
+
+func boom(rt event.APIClient) error {
+	_, err := rt.CallAPI(nil, "POST", "/x", nil)
+	return err
+}
+`
+	v := CheckNoLegacyRuntimeAPICall("events/vc/preconsume.go", src)
+	if len(v) != 0 {
+		t.Errorf("non-common CallAPI receiver must not fire, got: %+v", v)
+	}
+}

package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@larksuite/cli",
-  "version": "1.0.48",
+  "version": "1.0.49",
   "description": "The official CLI for Lark/Feishu open platform",
   "bin": {
     "lark-cli": "scripts/run.js"

shortcuts/common/userids.go

@@ -6,24 +6,8 @@ package common
 import (
 	"fmt"
 	"strings"
-
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/output"
 )
 
-// ResolveOpenIDs expands the special identifier "me" to the current user's
-// open_id, removes duplicates case-insensitively while preserving the
-// first-occurrence form, and returns nil for an empty input. flagName is
-// used in error messages to point the user at the offending CLI flag.
-//
-// Deprecated: use ResolveOpenIDsTyped for typed error envelopes.
-func ResolveOpenIDs(flagName string, ids []string, runtime *RuntimeContext) ([]string, error) {
-	out, msg := resolveOpenIDs(flagName, ids, runtime)
-	if msg != "" {
-		return nil, output.ErrValidation("%s", msg)
-	}
-	return out, nil
-}
-
 // ResolveOpenIDsTyped expands the special identifier "me" to the current
 // user's open_id, removes duplicates case-insensitively while preserving the
 // first-occurrence form, and returns nil for an empty input. flagName names

shortcuts/common/userids_test.go

@@ -17,9 +17,9 @@ func resolveOpenIDsTestRuntime(userOpenID string) *RuntimeContext {
 	return TestNewRuntimeContext(cmd, cfg)
 }
 
-func TestResolveOpenIDs_Empty(t *testing.T) {
+func TestResolveOpenIDsTyped_Empty(t *testing.T) {
 	rt := resolveOpenIDsTestRuntime("ou_self")
-	out, err := ResolveOpenIDs("--user-ids", nil, rt)
+	out, err := ResolveOpenIDsTyped("--user-ids", nil, rt)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
 	}
@@ -28,21 +28,9 @@ func TestResolveOpenIDs_Empty(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-func TestResolveOpenIDs_ExpandsMeAndDedups(t *testing.T) {
+func TestResolveOpenIDsTyped_MeIsCaseInsensitive(t *testing.T) {
 	rt := resolveOpenIDsTestRuntime("ou_self")
-	out, err := ResolveOpenIDs("--user-ids", []string{"me", "ou_a", "me", "ou_a"}, rt)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
-	}
-	want := []string{"ou_self", "ou_a"}
-	if len(out) != len(want) || out[0] != want[0] || out[1] != want[1] {
-		t.Fatalf("got %v, want %v", out, want)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestResolveOpenIDs_MeIsCaseInsensitive(t *testing.T) {
-	rt := resolveOpenIDsTestRuntime("ou_self")
-	out, err := ResolveOpenIDs("--user-ids", []string{"ou_other", "me", "Me", "ME"}, rt)
+	out, err := ResolveOpenIDsTyped("--user-ids", []string{"ou_other", "me", "Me", "ME"}, rt)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
 	}
@@ -52,22 +40,11 @@ func TestResolveOpenIDs_MeIsCaseInsensitive(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-func TestResolveOpenIDs_MeWithoutLogin(t *testing.T) {
-	rt := resolveOpenIDsTestRuntime("")
-	_, err := ResolveOpenIDs("--user-ids", []string{"me"}, rt)
-	if err == nil {
-		t.Fatal("expected validation error")
-	}
-	if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "--user-ids") {
-		t.Fatalf("error should mention the offending flag name; got: %v", err)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestResolveOpenIDs_DedupIsCaseInsensitive(t *testing.T) {
+func TestResolveOpenIDsTyped_DedupIsCaseInsensitive(t *testing.T) {
 	rt := resolveOpenIDsTestRuntime("ou_self")
 	// Same underlying open_id with three case variants — should collapse to
 	// one entry, preserving the first-occurrence form.
-	out, err := ResolveOpenIDs("--user-ids", []string{"ou_abc123", "OU_ABC123", "Ou_Abc123"}, rt)
+	out, err := ResolveOpenIDsTyped("--user-ids", []string{"ou_abc123", "OU_ABC123", "Ou_Abc123"}, rt)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
 	}

shortcuts/common/validate_ids.go

@@ -5,8 +5,6 @@ package common
 
 import (
 	"strings"
-
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/output"
 )
 
 // ValidateChatIDTyped checks if a chat ID has valid format (oc_ prefix).
@@ -42,17 +40,6 @@ func normalizeChatID(input string) (string, string) {
 	return input, ""
 }
 
-// ValidateUserID checks if a user ID has valid format (ou_ prefix).
-//
-// Deprecated: use ValidateUserIDTyped for typed error envelopes.
-func ValidateUserID(input string) (string, error) {
-	userID, msg := normalizeUserID(input)
-	if msg != "" {
-		return "", output.ErrValidation("%s", msg)
-	}
-	return userID, nil
-}
-
 // ValidateUserIDTyped checks if a user ID has valid format (ou_ prefix).
 // param names the flag being validated (e.g. "--creator-ids") and is
 // recorded on the typed error.

shortcuts/contact/contact_errors.go

@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package contact
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"net/http"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
+)
+
+const contactFanoutRetryHint = "retry the command; if it persists, narrow --queries to a single term to isolate the failing input"
+
+func contactInvalidResponseError(format string, args ...any) *errs.InternalError {
+	return errs.NewInternalError(errs.SubtypeInvalidResponse, format, args...)
+}
+
+func contactFanoutErrorSummary(err error) string {
+	if p, ok := errs.ProblemOf(err); ok {
+		if p.Code >= 100 && p.Code < 600 {
+			prefix := fmt.Sprintf("HTTP %d:", p.Code)
+			body := strings.TrimSpace(strings.TrimPrefix(p.Message, prefix))
+			msg := fmt.Sprintf("HTTP %d %s", p.Code, http.StatusText(p.Code))
+			if body != "" {
+				msg = fmt.Sprintf("%s: %s", msg, contactTruncateError(body, 200))
+			}
+			return msg
+		}
+		if p.Code != 0 {
+			return fmt.Sprintf("API %d: %s", p.Code, p.Message)
+		}
+		return p.Message
+	}
+	return err.Error()
+}
+
+// contactFanoutAllFailedError builds the top-level error returned when every
+// fanout query fails. It mirrors the representative (first) failure's
+// classification — category, subtype, code, log_id, retryable, hint — so the
+// exit-code classifier still sees the real signal, while carrying the aggregate
+// message. The representative error is copied (never mutated) and kept as the
+// cause, so a single-query problem object is not rewritten into an aggregate one.
+func contactFanoutAllFailedError(err error, msg string) error {
+	var (
+		apiErr *errs.APIError
+		netErr *errs.NetworkError
+		intErr *errs.InternalError
+	)
+	switch {
+	case errors.As(err, &apiErr):
+		c := *apiErr
+		c.Message = msg
+		c.Cause = err
+		return &c
+	case errors.As(err, &netErr):
+		c := *netErr
+		c.Message = msg
+		c.Cause = err
+		return &c
+	case errors.As(err, &intErr):
+		c := *intErr
+		c.Message = msg
+		c.Cause = err
+		return &c
+	}
+	return errs.NewInternalError(errs.SubtypeUnknown, "%s", msg).WithHint(contactFanoutRetryHint).WithCause(err)
+}
+
+func contactTruncateError(s string, maxRunes int) string {
+	r := []rune(s)
+	if len(r) <= maxRunes {
+		return s
+	}
+	return string(r[:maxRunes]) + "..."
+}

shortcuts/contact/contact_errors_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package contact
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
+)
+
+func TestContactFanoutErrorSummary_HTTPStatus(t *testing.T) {
+	err := errs.NewNetworkError(errs.SubtypeNetworkServer, `HTTP 503: {"reason":"upstream_unavailable"}`).
+		WithCode(503).
+		WithRetryable()
+
+	got := contactFanoutErrorSummary(err)
+	if !strings.HasPrefix(got, "HTTP 503 Service Unavailable: ") {
+		t.Fatalf("summary: got %q", got)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(got, "upstream_unavailable") {
+		t.Fatalf("summary should include truncated body details, got %q", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestContactInvalidResponseError_TypedInternal(t *testing.T) {
+	got := contactInvalidResponseError("decode contact response failed")
+	p, ok := errs.ProblemOf(got)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("expected typed problem, got %T", got)
+	}
+	if p.Category != errs.CategoryInternal || p.Subtype != errs.SubtypeInvalidResponse {
+		t.Fatalf("problem type: got %s/%s", p.Category, p.Subtype)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestContactFanoutAllFailedError_PreservesTypedProblem(t *testing.T) {
+	err := errs.NewAPIError(errs.SubtypeRateLimit, "rate limit").
+		WithCode(99991663).
+		WithLogID("log-contact-1").
+		WithRetryable()
+
+	got := contactFanoutAllFailedError(err, "all 2 queries failed; first: API 99991663: rate limit (query=\"alice\")")
+	p, ok := errs.ProblemOf(got)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("expected typed problem, got %T", got)
+	}
+	if p.Category != errs.CategoryAPI || p.Subtype != errs.SubtypeRateLimit {
+		t.Fatalf("problem type: got %s/%s", p.Category, p.Subtype)
+	}
+	if p.Code != 99991663 || p.LogID != "log-contact-1" || !p.Retryable {
+		t.Fatalf("problem metadata not preserved: %+v", p)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(p.Message, "all 2 queries failed") {
+		t.Fatalf("problem message not decorated: %q", p.Message)
+	}
+	// The representative error must not be mutated: it stays a single-query
+	// failure, while the aggregate is a distinct value carrying it as cause.
+	if err.Message != "rate limit" {
+		t.Fatalf("representative error message was mutated: %q", err.Message)
+	}
+	if !errors.Is(got, err) {
+		t.Fatalf("aggregate error should keep the representative failure as its cause")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestContactFanoutAllFailedError_UntypedGetsActionableHint(t *testing.T) {
+	got := contactFanoutAllFailedError(nil, "all 2 queries failed; first: internal error (query=\"alice\")")
+	p, ok := errs.ProblemOf(got)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("expected typed problem, got %T", got)
+	}
+	if p.Category != errs.CategoryInternal || p.Subtype != errs.SubtypeUnknown {
+		t.Fatalf("problem type: got %s/%s", p.Category, p.Subtype)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(p.Hint, "narrow --queries") {
+		t.Fatalf("hint should guide recovery, got %q", p.Hint)
+	}
+}

shortcuts/contact/contact_get_user.go

@@ -28,7 +28,8 @@ var ContactGetUser = common.Shortcut{
 	},
 	Validate: func(ctx context.Context, runtime *common.RuntimeContext) error {
 		if runtime.Str("user-id") == "" && runtime.IsBot() {
-			return common.FlagErrorf("bot identity cannot get current user info, specify --user-id")
+			return common.ValidationErrorf("bot identity cannot get current user info, specify --user-id").
+				WithParam("--user-id")
 		}
 		return nil
 	},
@@ -63,7 +64,7 @@ var ContactGetUser = common.Shortcut{
 
 		if userId == "" {
 			// Current user
-			data, err := runtime.CallAPI("GET", "/open-apis/authen/v1/user_info", nil, nil)
+			data, err := runtime.CallAPITyped("GET", "/open-apis/authen/v1/user_info", nil, nil)
 			if err != nil {
 				return err
 			}
@@ -87,7 +88,7 @@ var ContactGetUser = common.Shortcut{
 
 		if runtime.IsBot() {
 			// Bot identity: GET /contact/v3/users/:user_id (full profile)
-			data, err := runtime.CallAPI("GET", "/open-apis/contact/v3/users/"+url.PathEscape(userId),
+			data, err := runtime.CallAPITyped("GET", "/open-apis/contact/v3/users/"+url.PathEscape(userId),
 				map[string]interface{}{"user_id_type": userIdType}, nil)
 			if err != nil {
 				return err
@@ -110,7 +111,7 @@ var ContactGetUser = common.Shortcut{
 		}
 
 		// User identity: POST /contact/v3/users/basic_batch (lightweight)
-		data, err := runtime.CallAPI("POST", "/open-apis/contact/v3/users/basic_batch",
+		data, err := runtime.CallAPITyped("POST", "/open-apis/contact/v3/users/basic_batch",
 			map[string]interface{}{"user_id_type": userIdType},
 			map[string]interface{}{"user_ids": []string{userId}})
 		if err != nil {

shortcuts/contact/contact_get_user_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package contact
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"errors"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/httpmock"
+)
+
+func TestGetUser_BotCurrentUserValidationTyped(t *testing.T) {
+	f, stdout, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, searchUserDefaultConfig())
+
+	err := mountAndRun(t, ContactGetUser, []string{"+get-user", "--as", "bot"}, f, stdout)
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatalf("expected validation error")
+	}
+	var validation *errs.ValidationError
+	if !errors.As(err, &validation) {
+		t.Fatalf("expected validation error, got %T: %v", err, err)
+	}
+	if validation.Param != "--user-id" {
+		t.Fatalf("param: got %q, want --user-id", validation.Param)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestGetUser_DryRunShapes(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := []struct {
+		name string
+		args []string
+		want []string
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "current user",
+			args: []string{"+get-user", "--dry-run", "--as", "user"},
+			want: []string{"GET", "/authen/v1/user_info", "current_user"},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "bot specific user",
+			args: []string{"+get-user", "--user-id", "ou_a", "--dry-run", "--as", "bot"},
+			want: []string{"GET", "/contact/v3/users/ou_a", "ou_a", "open_id"},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "user basic batch",
+			args: []string{"+get-user", "--user-id", "ou_a", "--dry-run", "--as", "user"},
+			want: []string{"POST", "/contact/v3/users/basic_batch", "ou_a", "open_id"},
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range cases {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			f, stdout, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, searchUserDefaultConfig())
+			if err := mountAndRun(t, ContactGetUser, tc.args, f, stdout); err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("dry-run: %v", err)
+			}
+			out := stdout.String()
+			for _, want := range tc.want {
+				if !bytes.Contains(stdout.Bytes(), []byte(want)) {
+					t.Fatalf("dry-run output missing %q: %s", want, out)
+				}
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestGetUser_CurrentUserAPIFailureTyped(t *testing.T) {
+	f, stdout, _, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, searchUserDefaultConfig())
+	reg.Register(&httpmock.Stub{
+		Method: "GET",
+		URL:    "/open-apis/authen/v1/user_info",
+		Body:   map[string]interface{}{"code": 123456, "msg": "upstream rejected contact request"},
+	})
+
+	err := mountAndRun(t, ContactGetUser, []string{"+get-user", "--as", "user"}, f, stdout)
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatalf("expected API error")
+	}
+	p, ok := errs.ProblemOf(err)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("expected typed problem, got %T: %v", err, err)
+	}
+	if p.Code != 123456 {
+		t.Fatalf("code: got %d, want 123456", p.Code)
+	}
+	if p.Category != errs.CategoryAPI {
+		t.Fatalf("category: got %q, want %q", p.Category, errs.CategoryAPI)
+	}
+	if stdout.Len() != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("stdout should stay empty on API failure, got %q", stdout.String())
+	}
+}
+
+func TestGetUser_UserBasicBatchUsesTypedAPI(t *testing.T) {
+	f, stdout, _, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, searchUserDefaultConfig())
+	stub := &httpmock.Stub{
+		Method: "POST",
+		URL:    "/open-apis/contact/v3/users/basic_batch?user_id_type=open_id",
+		Body: map[string]interface{}{
+			"code": 0,
+			"msg":  "ok",
+			"data": map[string]interface{}{
+				"users": []interface{}{
+					map[string]interface{}{"user_id": "ou_a", "name": "Alice"},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+	reg.Register(stub)
+
+	err := mountAndRun(t, ContactGetUser, []string{"+get-user", "--user-id", "ou_a", "--as", "user", "--format", "json"}, f, stdout)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("execute: %v", err)
+	}
+	if !bytes.Contains(stub.CapturedBody, []byte(`"ou_a"`)) {
+		t.Fatalf("request body should include user id, got %s", string(stub.CapturedBody))
+	}
+	if !bytes.Contains(stdout.Bytes(), []byte(`"user"`)) {
+		t.Fatalf("stdout should include user object, got %s", stdout.String())
+	}
+}

shortcuts/contact/contact_search_user.go

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 	"unicode/utf8"
 
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/output"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/shortcuts/common"
@@ -80,12 +81,6 @@ type searchUserAPIFilter struct {
 	HasEnterpriseEmail  bool     `json:"has_enterprise_email,omitempty"`
 }
 
-type searchUserAPIEnvelope struct {
-	Code int                `json:"code"`
-	Msg  string             `json:"msg"`
-	Data *searchUserAPIData `json:"data"`
-}
-
 type searchUserAPIData struct {
 	Items     []searchUserAPIItem `json:"items"`
 	HasMore   bool                `json:"has_more"`
@@ -216,19 +211,17 @@ func executeSearchUserSingle(ctx context.Context, runtime *common.RuntimeContext
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	if apiResp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
-		return output.ErrAPI(apiResp.StatusCode, http.StatusText(apiResp.StatusCode), string(apiResp.RawBody))
+
+	data, err := runtime.ClassifyAPIResponse(apiResp)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	respData, err := decodeSearchUserAPIData(data)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
 	}
 
-	var resp searchUserAPIEnvelope
-	if err := json.Unmarshal(apiResp.RawBody, &resp); err != nil {
-		return output.ErrWithHint(output.ExitInternal, "validation", "unmarshal response failed", err.Error())
-	}
-	if resp.Code != 0 {
-		return output.ErrAPI(resp.Code, resp.Msg, string(apiResp.RawBody))
-	}
-
-	users, hasMore := projectUsers(resp.Data, runtime.Str("lang"), runtime.Config.Brand)
+	users, hasMore := projectUsers(respData, runtime.Str("lang"), runtime.Config.Brand)
 	out := searchUserResponse{Users: users, HasMore: hasMore}
 
 	runtime.OutFormat(out, &output.Meta{Count: len(users)}, func(w io.Writer) {
@@ -245,6 +238,20 @@ func executeSearchUserSingle(ctx context.Context, runtime *common.RuntimeContext
 	return nil
 }
 
+func decodeSearchUserAPIData(data map[string]interface{}) (*searchUserAPIData, error) {
+	raw, err := json.Marshal(data)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, contactInvalidResponseError("marshal search user response data failed").
+			WithCause(err)
+	}
+	var out searchUserAPIData
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(raw, &out); err != nil {
+		return nil, contactInvalidResponseError("decode search user response data failed").
+			WithCause(err)
+	}
+	return &out, nil
+}
+
 func isHumanReadableFormat(format string) bool {
 	return format == "pretty" || format == "table"
 }
@@ -373,52 +380,74 @@ func rowFromItem(item *searchUserAPIItem, lang string, brand core.LarkBrand) sea
 
 func validateSearchUser(runtime *common.RuntimeContext) error {
 	if !hasAnySearchInput(runtime) {
-		return common.FlagErrorf(
+		return common.ValidationErrorf(
 			"specify at least one of --query, --queries, --user-ids, --has-chatted, --has-enterprise-email, --exclude-external-users, --left-organization",
+		).WithParams(
+			errs.InvalidParam{Name: "--query", Reason: "required; specify at least one search input"},
+			errs.InvalidParam{Name: "--queries", Reason: "required; specify at least one search input"},
+			errs.InvalidParam{Name: "--user-ids", Reason: "required; specify at least one search input"},
+			errs.InvalidParam{Name: "--has-chatted", Reason: "required; specify at least one search input"},
+			errs.InvalidParam{Name: "--has-enterprise-email", Reason: "required; specify at least one search input"},
+			errs.InvalidParam{Name: "--exclude-external-users", Reason: "required; specify at least one search input"},
+			errs.InvalidParam{Name: "--left-organization", Reason: "required; specify at least one search input"},
 		)
 	}
 
 	queriesRaw := strings.TrimSpace(runtime.Str("queries"))
 	if queriesRaw != "" {
 		if strings.TrimSpace(runtime.Str("query")) != "" {
-			return common.FlagErrorf("--query and --queries are mutually exclusive")
+			return common.ValidationErrorf("--query and --queries are mutually exclusive").
+				WithParams(
+					errs.InvalidParam{Name: "--query", Reason: "mutually exclusive with --queries"},
+					errs.InvalidParam{Name: "--queries", Reason: "mutually exclusive with --query"},
+				)
 		}
 		if strings.TrimSpace(runtime.Str("user-ids")) != "" {
-			return common.FlagErrorf("--user-ids and --queries are mutually exclusive")
+			return common.ValidationErrorf("--user-ids and --queries are mutually exclusive").
+				WithParams(
+					errs.InvalidParam{Name: "--user-ids", Reason: "mutually exclusive with --queries"},
+					errs.InvalidParam{Name: "--queries", Reason: "mutually exclusive with --user-ids"},
+				)
 		}
 		queries := parseAndDedupQueries(queriesRaw)
 		if len(queries) == 0 {
-			return common.FlagErrorf("--queries: no valid query parsed from %q (separate entries with ',')", queriesRaw)
+			return common.ValidationErrorf("--queries: no valid query parsed from %q (separate entries with ',')", queriesRaw).
+				WithParam("--queries")
 		}
 		if len(queries) > maxFanoutQueries {
-			return common.FlagErrorf("--queries: must be at most %d entries (got %d)", maxFanoutQueries, len(queries))
+			return common.ValidationErrorf("--queries: must be at most %d entries (got %d)", maxFanoutQueries, len(queries)).
+				WithParam("--queries")
 		}
 		for _, q := range queries {
 			if utf8.RuneCountInString(q) > maxSearchUserQueryChars {
-				return common.FlagErrorf("--queries: entry %q exceeds %d characters", q, maxSearchUserQueryChars)
+				return common.ValidationErrorf("--queries: entry %q exceeds %d characters", q, maxSearchUserQueryChars).
+					WithParam("--queries")
 			}
 		}
 	}
 
 	if q := strings.TrimSpace(runtime.Str("query")); q != "" {
 		if utf8.RuneCountInString(q) > maxSearchUserQueryChars {
-			return common.FlagErrorf("--query: length must be between 1 and %d characters", maxSearchUserQueryChars)
+			return common.ValidationErrorf("--query: length must be between 1 and %d characters", maxSearchUserQueryChars).
+				WithParam("--query")
 		}
 	}
 
 	if raw := strings.TrimSpace(runtime.Str("user-ids")); raw != "" {
-		ids, err := common.ResolveOpenIDs("--user-ids", common.SplitCSV(raw), runtime)
+		ids, err := common.ResolveOpenIDsTyped("--user-ids", common.SplitCSV(raw), runtime)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 		if len(ids) == 0 {
-			return common.FlagErrorf("--user-ids: no valid open_id parsed from %q (separate entries with ',')", raw)
+			return common.ValidationErrorf("--user-ids: no valid open_id parsed from %q (separate entries with ',')", raw).
+				WithParam("--user-ids")
 		}
 		if len(ids) > maxSearchUserUserIDs {
-			return common.FlagErrorf("--user-ids: must be at most %d entries", maxSearchUserUserIDs)
+			return common.ValidationErrorf("--user-ids: must be at most %d entries", maxSearchUserUserIDs).
+				WithParam("--user-ids")
 		}
 		for _, id := range ids {
-			if _, err := common.ValidateUserID(id); err != nil {
+			if _, err := common.ValidateUserIDTyped("--user-ids", id); err != nil {
 				return err
 			}
 		}
@@ -429,15 +458,16 @@ func validateSearchUser(runtime *common.RuntimeContext) error {
 	// silent wrong-result bugs.
 	for _, bf := range searchUserBoolFilters {
 		if runtime.Cmd.Flags().Changed(bf.Flag) && !runtime.Bool(bf.Flag) {
-			return common.FlagErrorf(
+			return common.ValidationErrorf(
 				"--%s: pass the flag to enable the filter; omit it to disable filtering (=false is rejected to prevent silent wrong results)",
 				bf.Flag,
-			)
+			).WithParam("--" + bf.Flag)
 		}
 	}
 
 	if n := runtime.Int("page-size"); n < 1 || n > maxSearchUserPageSize {
-		return common.FlagErrorf("--page-size: must be between 1 and %d", maxSearchUserPageSize)
+		return common.ValidationErrorf("--page-size: must be between 1 and %d", maxSearchUserPageSize).
+			WithParam("--page-size")
 	}
 	return nil
 }
@@ -473,7 +503,7 @@ func buildSearchUserBody(runtime *common.RuntimeContext) (*searchUserAPIRequest,
 	hasFilter := false
 
 	if raw := strings.TrimSpace(runtime.Str("user-ids")); raw != "" {
-		ids, err := common.ResolveOpenIDs("--user-ids", common.SplitCSV(raw), runtime)
+		ids, err := common.ResolveOpenIDsTyped("--user-ids", common.SplitCSV(raw), runtime)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}

shortcuts/contact/contact_search_user_fanout.go

@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ package contact
 
 import (
 	"context"
-	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"net/http"
@@ -47,7 +46,7 @@ type fanoutResult struct {
 	Users   []searchUser
 	HasMore bool
 	ErrMsg  string // empty = success
-	ErrCode int    // 0 = success or unknown; otherwise an HTTP status or Lark API code corresponding to the first error
+	Err     error  // original failure, kept for typed all-failed propagation
 }
 
 // isFanoutSummaryFormat gates the per-fanout stderr summary line. Includes csv
@@ -67,7 +66,7 @@ func runOneQuery(ctx context.Context, runtime *common.RuntimeContext, index int,
 	// Pre-check ctx so queued workers see cancellation before issuing a
 	// request; in-flight workers continue until DoAPI returns.
 	if err := ctx.Err(); err != nil {
-		return fanoutResult{Index: index, Query: query, ErrMsg: err.Error()}
+		return fanoutErrorResult(index, query, err)
 	}
 
 	body := &searchUserAPIRequest{Query: query}
@@ -82,38 +81,29 @@ func runOneQuery(ctx context.Context, runtime *common.RuntimeContext, index int,
 		QueryParams: larkcore.QueryParams{"page_size": []string{strconv.Itoa(runtime.Int("page-size"))}},
 	})
 	if err != nil {
-		return fanoutResult{Index: index, Query: query, ErrMsg: err.Error()}
-	}
-	if apiResp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
-		body := strings.TrimSpace(string(apiResp.RawBody))
-		const maxBody = 200
-		if len(body) > maxBody {
-			body = body[:maxBody] + "..."
-		}
-		msg := fmt.Sprintf("HTTP %d %s", apiResp.StatusCode, http.StatusText(apiResp.StatusCode))
-		if body != "" {
-			msg = fmt.Sprintf("%s: %s", msg, body)
-		}
-		return fanoutResult{Index: index, Query: query,
-			ErrMsg:  msg,
-			ErrCode: apiResp.StatusCode}
+		return fanoutErrorResult(index, query, err)
 	}
 
-	var resp searchUserAPIEnvelope
-	if err := json.Unmarshal(apiResp.RawBody, &resp); err != nil {
-		return fanoutResult{Index: index, Query: query,
-			ErrMsg: fmt.Sprintf("parse response failed: %v", err)}
+	data, err := runtime.ClassifyAPIResponse(apiResp)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fanoutErrorResult(index, query, err)
 	}
-	if resp.Code != 0 {
-		return fanoutResult{Index: index, Query: query,
-			ErrMsg:  fmt.Sprintf("API %d: %s", resp.Code, resp.Msg),
-			ErrCode: resp.Code}
+	respData, err := decodeSearchUserAPIData(data)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fanoutErrorResult(index, query, err)
 	}
 
-	users, hasMore := projectUsers(resp.Data, runtime.Str("lang"), runtime.Config.Brand)
+	users, hasMore := projectUsers(respData, runtime.Str("lang"), runtime.Config.Brand)
 	return fanoutResult{Index: index, Query: query, Users: users, HasMore: hasMore}
 }
 
+func fanoutErrorResult(index int, query string, err error) fanoutResult {
+	if err == nil {
+		return fanoutResult{Index: index, Query: query}
+	}
+	return fanoutResult{Index: index, Query: query, ErrMsg: contactFanoutErrorSummary(err), Err: err}
+}
+
 type fanoutUser struct {
 	searchUser
 	MatchedQuery string `json:"matched_query"`
@@ -146,7 +136,7 @@ func buildFanoutResponse(queries []string, results []fanoutResult) (*fanoutRespo
 	}
 	failed := 0
 	var firstErrMsg, firstErrQuery string
-	var firstErrCode int
+	var firstErr error
 	for i, r := range indexed {
 		out.Queries = append(out.Queries, querySummary{
 			Query:   queries[i],
@@ -158,7 +148,7 @@ func buildFanoutResponse(queries []string, results []fanoutResult) (*fanoutRespo
 			if firstErrMsg == "" {
 				firstErrMsg = r.ErrMsg
 				firstErrQuery = queries[i]
-				firstErrCode = r.ErrCode
+				firstErr = r.Err
 			}
 			continue
 		}
@@ -169,18 +159,7 @@ func buildFanoutResponse(queries []string, results []fanoutResult) (*fanoutRespo
 	if failed == len(queries) && len(queries) > 0 {
 		msg := fmt.Sprintf("all %d queries failed; first: %s (query=%q)",
 			len(queries), firstErrMsg, firstErrQuery)
-		// Only the HTTP-status / Lark-API-code branches in runOneQuery populate
-		// ErrCode; transport, parse, panic, and ctx-canceled stay at 0. Code 0
-		// means success in the Lark protocol, so don't pretend it's an API error
-		// when we have nothing structured to report.
-		if firstErrCode != 0 {
-			return nil, output.ErrAPI(firstErrCode, msg, "")
-		}
-		// No structured API code — the failure was transport, parse, panic, or
-		// cancellation. Suggest the actionable next step rather than shipping
-		// an empty hint that would leave the calling agent with nothing to do.
-		return nil, output.ErrWithHint(output.ExitInternal, "fanout", msg,
-			"retry the command; if it persists, narrow --queries to a single term to isolate the failing input")
+		return nil, contactFanoutAllFailedError(firstErr, msg)
 	}
 	return out, nil
 }

shortcuts/contact/contact_search_user_test.go

@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ import (
 	"bytes"
 	"context"
 	"encoding/json"
-	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"net/http"
 	"strings"
@@ -16,10 +15,10 @@ import (
 	"time"
 	"unicode/utf8"
 
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/httpmock"
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/output"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/shortcuts/common"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 )
@@ -254,6 +253,16 @@ func TestRowFromItem_CrossTenantEmptyEmailNoPanic(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestProjectUsers_NilData(t *testing.T) {
+	users, hasMore := projectUsers(nil, "", core.BrandFeishu)
+	if users == nil {
+		t.Fatalf("users should be an empty slice, not nil")
+	}
+	if len(users) != 0 || hasMore {
+		t.Fatalf("projectUsers(nil): got users=%v hasMore=%v", users, hasMore)
+	}
+}
+
 func TestValidateSearchUser_AllEmpty_Errors(t *testing.T) {
 	cmd := newSearchUserTestCommand()
 	rt := common.TestNewRuntimeContext(cmd, searchUserDefaultConfig())
@@ -479,6 +488,26 @@ func TestBuildBody_UserIDsResolveAndDedup(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestBuildBody_UserIDsMeWithoutLoginReturnsTypedError(t *testing.T) {
+	cmd := newSearchUserTestCommand()
+	_ = cmd.Flags().Set("user-ids", "me")
+	cfg := searchUserDefaultConfig()
+	cfg.UserOpenId = ""
+	rt := common.TestNewRuntimeContext(cmd, cfg)
+
+	body, err := buildSearchUserBody(rt)
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatalf("expected error, got body %+v", body)
+	}
+	p, ok := errs.ProblemOf(err)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("expected typed problem, got %T: %v", err, err)
+	}
+	if p.Category != errs.CategoryValidation {
+		t.Fatalf("category: got %q, want %q", p.Category, errs.CategoryValidation)
+	}
+}
+
 func TestValidateSearchUser_PageSizeOutOfRange_Errors(t *testing.T) {
 	for _, n := range []int{0, 31} {
 		cmd := newSearchUserTestCommand()
@@ -504,6 +533,20 @@ func TestValidateSearchUser_PageSizeBoundaries_OK(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestDecodeSearchUserAPIData_MarshalFailureTyped(t *testing.T) {
+	_, err := decodeSearchUserAPIData(map[string]interface{}{"bad": func() {}})
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatalf("expected marshal failure")
+	}
+	p, ok := errs.ProblemOf(err)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("expected typed problem, got %T: %v", err, err)
+	}
+	if p.Category != errs.CategoryInternal || p.Subtype != errs.SubtypeInvalidResponse {
+		t.Fatalf("problem type: got %s/%s", p.Category, p.Subtype)
+	}
+}
+
 // mountAndRun mounts the shortcut under a parent cobra command and runs it
 // with the given args. Mirrors the pattern used in other shortcut packages.
 func mountAndRun(t *testing.T, s common.Shortcut, args []string, f *cmdutil.Factory, stdout *bytes.Buffer) error {
@@ -1011,6 +1054,13 @@ func TestRunOneQuery_APINonZeroCode(t *testing.T) {
 	if got.ErrMsg != "API 99991663: rate limited" {
 		t.Errorf("ErrMsg = %q, want 'API 99991663: rate limited'", got.ErrMsg)
 	}
+	p, ok := errs.ProblemOf(got.Err)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("expected typed problem on fanout result, got %T", got.Err)
+	}
+	if p.Code != 99991663 {
+		t.Errorf("problem code: got %d, want 99991663", p.Code)
+	}
 	if got.Users != nil || got.HasMore {
 		t.Errorf("on error, Users/HasMore must be zero values; got %+v", got)
 	}
@@ -1032,8 +1082,15 @@ func TestRunOneQuery_HTTPNon200(t *testing.T) {
 	if !strings.Contains(got.ErrMsg, "upstream_unavailable") {
 		t.Errorf("ErrMsg should include response body for diagnosis; got %q", got.ErrMsg)
 	}
-	if got.ErrCode != 503 {
-		t.Errorf("ErrCode = %d, want 503", got.ErrCode)
+	p, ok := errs.ProblemOf(got.Err)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("expected typed problem on fanout result, got %T", got.Err)
+	}
+	if p.Code != 503 {
+		t.Errorf("problem code: got %d, want 503", p.Code)
+	}
+	if p.Category != errs.CategoryNetwork {
+		t.Errorf("problem category: got %q, want %q", p.Category, errs.CategoryNetwork)
 	}
 }
 
@@ -1080,6 +1137,16 @@ func TestRunOneQuery_TransportError(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestFanoutErrorResult_NilErrorIsSuccess(t *testing.T) {
+	got := fanoutErrorResult(4, "alice", nil)
+	if got.Index != 4 || got.Query != "alice" {
+		t.Fatalf("Index/Query mismatch: %+v", got)
+	}
+	if got.ErrMsg != "" || got.Err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("nil error should produce a success result, got %+v", got)
+	}
+}
+
 func TestFanoutAssemble_OrderAndShape(t *testing.T) {
 	results := []fanoutResult{
 		{Index: 1, Query: "bob", Users: []searchUser{{OpenID: "ou_b"}}, HasMore: true},
@@ -1136,7 +1203,7 @@ func TestFanoutAssemble_AllFailed_ReturnsError(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 // When all queries fail with no structured Lark API code (transport, parse,
-// panic, ctx-canceled), the returned ExitError must carry an actionable
+// panic, ctx-canceled), the returned typed error must carry an actionable
 // hint so the calling agent has a next step to try instead of giving up.
 func TestFanoutAssemble_AllFailed_NoCode_HasActionableHint(t *testing.T) {
 	results := []fanoutResult{
@@ -1147,28 +1214,38 @@ func TestFanoutAssemble_AllFailed_NoCode_HasActionableHint(t *testing.T) {
 	if err == nil {
 		t.Fatalf("expected error when all queries failed")
 	}
-	var exitErr *output.ExitError
-	if !errors.As(err, &exitErr) {
-		t.Fatalf("expected *output.ExitError, got %T", err)
+	p, ok := errs.ProblemOf(err)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("expected typed problem, got %T", err)
 	}
-	if exitErr.Detail == nil {
-		t.Fatalf("expected Detail, got nil")
+	if p.Category != errs.CategoryInternal {
+		t.Fatalf("category: got %q, want %q", p.Category, errs.CategoryInternal)
 	}
-	if exitErr.Detail.Hint == "" {
+	if p.Hint == "" {
 		t.Errorf("expected non-empty Hint so agents have a next step; got empty")
 	}
-	if !strings.Contains(exitErr.Detail.Hint, "retry") {
-		t.Errorf("hint should suggest retry as the first action; got %q", exitErr.Detail.Hint)
+	if !strings.Contains(p.Hint, "retry") {
+		t.Errorf("hint should suggest retry as the first action; got %q", p.Hint)
 	}
 }
 
-// Codes from the first failure must propagate through output.ErrAPI so the
-// CLI's exit-code classifier sees the real signal (e.g., 99991663 rate limit)
+// Codes from the first failure must propagate through typed problem fields so
+// the CLI's exit-code classifier sees the real signal (e.g., 99991663 rate limit)
 // instead of 0, which would mean "success" in the Lark protocol.
 func TestFanoutAssemble_AllFailed_PropagatesFirstCode(t *testing.T) {
 	results := []fanoutResult{
-		{Index: 0, Query: "alice", ErrMsg: "API 99991663: rate limit", ErrCode: 99991663},
-		{Index: 1, Query: "bob", ErrMsg: "HTTP 500", ErrCode: 500},
+		{
+			Index:  0,
+			Query:  "alice",
+			ErrMsg: "API 99991663: rate limit",
+			Err:    errs.NewAPIError(errs.SubtypeRateLimit, "rate limit").WithCode(99991663),
+		},
+		{
+			Index:  1,
+			Query:  "bob",
+			ErrMsg: "HTTP 500",
+			Err:    errs.NewNetworkError(errs.SubtypeNetworkServer, "HTTP 500").WithCode(500),
+		},
 	}
 	_, err := buildFanoutResponse([]string{"alice", "bob"}, results)
 	if err == nil {
@@ -1177,6 +1254,16 @@ func TestFanoutAssemble_AllFailed_PropagatesFirstCode(t *testing.T) {
 	if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "rate limit") {
 		t.Errorf("error should contain first ErrMsg; got %v", err)
 	}
+	p, ok := errs.ProblemOf(err)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("expected typed problem, got %T", err)
+	}
+	if p.Code != 99991663 {
+		t.Errorf("problem code: got %d, want 99991663", p.Code)
+	}
+	if p.Subtype != errs.SubtypeRateLimit {
+		t.Errorf("problem subtype: got %q, want %q", p.Subtype, errs.SubtypeRateLimit)
+	}
 }
 
 func TestFanoutAssemble_PartialFailureOK(t *testing.T) {
@@ -1220,6 +1307,37 @@ func TestFanoutAssemble_NoTopLevelHasMore(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestPrettyFanoutUserRows(t *testing.T) {
+	rows := prettyFanoutUserRows([]fanoutUser{
+		{
+			searchUser: searchUser{
+				OpenID:          "ou_a",
+				LocalizedName:   "Alice",
+				Department:      strings.Repeat("d", 80),
+				EnterpriseEmail: "alice@example.com",
+				HasChatted:      true,
+				ChatRecencyHint: "Contacted yesterday",
+			},
+			MatchedQuery: "alice",
+		},
+	})
+	if len(rows) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("rows: got %d, want 1", len(rows))
+	}
+	row := rows[0]
+	for _, key := range []string{"matched_query", "localized_name", "department", "enterprise_email", "has_chatted", "chat_recency_hint", "open_id"} {
+		if _, ok := row[key]; !ok {
+			t.Fatalf("row missing key %q: %+v", key, row)
+		}
+	}
+	if row["matched_query"] != "alice" || row["open_id"] != "ou_a" {
+		t.Fatalf("row identity fields: %+v", row)
+	}
+	if len(row["department"].(string)) >= 80 {
+		t.Fatalf("department should be truncated for table display, got %q", row["department"])
+	}
+}
+
 // Verifies that with the auto-pagination flags removed, --page-all / --page-limit
 // are no longer accepted. cobra must reject the unknown flag at parse time —
 // no stub is registered because the command should never reach the API.

shortcuts/doc/docs_update_v2.go

@@ -24,11 +24,11 @@ var validCommandsV2 = map[string]bool{
 // v2UpdateFlags returns the flag definitions for the v2 (OpenAPI) update path.
 func v2UpdateFlags() []common.Flag {
 	return []common.Flag{
-		{Name: "command", Desc: "operation; requirements: str_replace(--pattern), block_delete(--block-id), block_insert_after/block_replace(--block-id,--content), block_copy_insert_after/block_move_after(--block-id,--src-block-ids), overwrite/append(--content)", Enum: validCommandsV2Keys()},
+		{Name: "command", Desc: "operation; requirements: str_replace(--pattern), block_delete(--block-id, comma-separated for batch), block_insert_after/block_replace(--block-id,--content), block_copy_insert_after/block_move_after(--block-id,--src-block-ids), overwrite/append(--content)", Enum: validCommandsV2Keys()},
 		{Name: "doc-format", Desc: "content format for --content; xml is default for precise rich edits, markdown for user-provided Markdown or plain append/overwrite", Default: "xml", Enum: []string{"xml", "markdown"}},
 		{Name: "content", Desc: "replacement or inserted content; XML by default or Markdown when --doc-format markdown; empty with str_replace deletes match. " + docsContentSkillHelp + "; use --help for the latest command flags", Input: []string{common.File, common.Stdin}},
 		{Name: "pattern", Desc: "str_replace match pattern; XML mode is inline text, Markdown mode can match multiline text"},
-		{Name: "block-id", Desc: "target anchor/block id for block operations; -1 means document end where supported"},
+		{Name: "block-id", Desc: "target block ID(s) for block operations (comma-separated for batch delete); -1 means document end where supported"},
 		{Name: "src-block-ids", Desc: "comma-separated source block ids for block_copy_insert_after and block_move_after"},
 		{Name: "revision-id", Desc: "base revision id; -1 means latest", Type: "int", Default: "-1"},
 	}

shortcuts/drive/drive_add_comment.go

@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ var DriveAddComment = common.Shortcut{
 	Flags: []common.Flag{
 		{Name: "doc", Desc: "document URL/token, file URL/token, sheet/slides URL, or wiki URL that resolves to doc/docx/file/sheet/slides", Required: true},
 		{Name: "type", Desc: "document type: doc, docx, file, sheet, slides (required when --doc is a bare token; auto-detected for URLs)", Enum: []string{"doc", "docx", "file", "sheet", "slides"}},
-		{Name: "content", Desc: "reply_elements JSON string", Required: true},
+		{Name: "content", Desc: "reply_elements JSON string", Required: true, Input: []string{common.File, common.Stdin}},
 		{Name: "full-comment", Type: "bool", Desc: "create a full-document comment; also the default when no location is provided"},
 		{Name: "selection-with-ellipsis", Desc: "target content locator (plain text or 'start...end')"},
 		{Name: "block-id", Desc: "for docx: anchor block ID; for sheet: <sheetId>!<cell> (e.g. a281f9!D6); for slides: <slide-block-type>!<xml-id> (e.g. shape!bPq)"},

shortcuts/drive/drive_export.go

@@ -39,230 +39,296 @@ var DriveExport = common.Shortcut{
 		{Name: "overwrite", Type: "bool", Desc: "overwrite existing output file"},
 	},
 	Validate: func(ctx context.Context, runtime *common.RuntimeContext) error {
-		return validateDriveExportSpec(driveExportSpec{
-			Token:         runtime.Str("token"),
-			DocType:       runtime.Str("doc-type"),
-			FileExtension: runtime.Str("file-extension"),
-			SubID:         runtime.Str("sub-id"),
-		})
+		return ValidateExport(exportParamsFromFlags(runtime))
 	},
 	DryRun: func(ctx context.Context, runtime *common.RuntimeContext) *common.DryRunAPI {
-		spec := driveExportSpec{
-			Token:         runtime.Str("token"),
-			DocType:       runtime.Str("doc-type"),
-			FileExtension: runtime.Str("file-extension"),
-			SubID:         runtime.Str("sub-id"),
-		}
-		// Markdown export is a special case: docx markdown comes from the V2
-		// docs_ai fetch API directly instead of the Drive export task API.
-		if spec.FileExtension == "markdown" {
-			apiPath := fmt.Sprintf("/open-apis/docs_ai/v1/documents/%s/fetch", validate.EncodePathSegment(spec.Token))
-			dr := common.NewDryRunAPI().
-				Desc("2-step orchestration: fetch docx markdown -> write local file").
-				POST(apiPath).
-				Body(map[string]interface{}{
-					"format": "markdown",
-				}).
-				Set("output_dir", runtime.Str("output-dir"))
-			if name := strings.TrimSpace(runtime.Str("file-name")); name != "" {
-				dr.Set("file_name", ensureExportFileExtension(sanitizeExportFileName(name, spec.Token), spec.FileExtension))
-			}
-			return dr
-		}
+		return PlanExportDryRun(runtime, exportParamsFromFlags(runtime))
+	},
+	Execute: func(ctx context.Context, runtime *common.RuntimeContext) error {
+		return RunExport(ctx, runtime, exportParamsFromFlags(runtime))
+	},
+}
 
-		body := map[string]interface{}{
-			"token":          spec.Token,
-			"type":           spec.DocType,
-			"file_extension": spec.FileExtension,
-		}
-		if strings.TrimSpace(spec.SubID) != "" {
-			body["sub_id"] = spec.SubID
-		}
+// ExportParams holds the user-facing inputs for an export flow, decoupled from
+// cobra flags so other command groups (e.g. sheets +workbook-export) can reuse
+// the drive export implementation. An empty OutputDir means "create the export
+// task and poll, but do not download" — callers that only need the ready file
+// token / status get it back without writing a local file.
+type ExportParams struct {
+	Token         string
+	DocType       string
+	FileExtension string
+	SubID         string
+	OutputDir     string
+	FileName      string
+	Overwrite     bool
+}
 
+func (p ExportParams) spec() driveExportSpec {
+	return driveExportSpec{
+		Token:         p.Token,
+		DocType:       p.DocType,
+		FileExtension: p.FileExtension,
+		SubID:         p.SubID,
+	}
+}
+
+// exportParamsFromFlags reads the standard drive +export flag set.
+func exportParamsFromFlags(runtime *common.RuntimeContext) ExportParams {
+	// drive +export always downloads; an empty --output-dir historically means
+	// the current directory (saveContentToOutputDir maps "" -> "."), so normalize
+	// it here to keep behavior identical and stay off the export-only ("" => skip
+	// download) path that only sheets +workbook-export uses.
+	outputDir := runtime.Str("output-dir")
+	if outputDir == "" {
+		outputDir = "."
+	}
+	return ExportParams{
+		Token:         runtime.Str("token"),
+		DocType:       runtime.Str("doc-type"),
+		FileExtension: runtime.Str("file-extension"),
+		SubID:         runtime.Str("sub-id"),
+		OutputDir:     outputDir,
+		FileName:      strings.TrimSpace(runtime.Str("file-name")),
+		Overwrite:     runtime.Bool("overwrite"),
+	}
+}
+
+// ValidateExport runs the CLI-level export constraint checks.
+func ValidateExport(p ExportParams) error {
+	return validateDriveExportSpec(p.spec())
+}
+
+// PlanExportDryRun builds the dry-run plan for an export without performing I/O.
+func PlanExportDryRun(runtime *common.RuntimeContext, p ExportParams) *common.DryRunAPI {
+	spec := p.spec()
+	// Markdown export is a special case: docx markdown comes from the V2
+	// docs_ai fetch API directly instead of the Drive export task API.
+	if spec.FileExtension == "markdown" {
+		apiPath := fmt.Sprintf("/open-apis/docs_ai/v1/documents/%s/fetch", validate.EncodePathSegment(spec.Token))
 		dr := common.NewDryRunAPI().
-			Desc("3-step orchestration: create export task -> limited polling -> download file").
-			POST("/open-apis/drive/v1/export_tasks").
-			Body(body).
-			Set("output_dir", runtime.Str("output-dir"))
-		if name := strings.TrimSpace(runtime.Str("file-name")); name != "" {
+			Desc("2-step orchestration: fetch docx markdown -> write local file").
+			POST(apiPath).
+			Body(map[string]interface{}{
+				"format": "markdown",
+			}).
+			Set("output_dir", p.OutputDir)
+		if name := strings.TrimSpace(p.FileName); name != "" {
 			dr.Set("file_name", ensureExportFileExtension(sanitizeExportFileName(name, spec.Token), spec.FileExtension))
 		}
 		return dr
-	},
-	Execute: func(ctx context.Context, runtime *common.RuntimeContext) error {
-		spec := driveExportSpec{
-			Token:         runtime.Str("token"),
-			DocType:       runtime.Str("doc-type"),
-			FileExtension: runtime.Str("file-extension"),
-			SubID:         runtime.Str("sub-id"),
+	}
+
+	body := map[string]interface{}{
+		"token":          spec.Token,
+		"type":           spec.DocType,
+		"file_extension": spec.FileExtension,
+	}
+	if strings.TrimSpace(spec.SubID) != "" {
+		body["sub_id"] = spec.SubID
+	}
+
+	dr := common.NewDryRunAPI().
+		Desc("3-step orchestration: create export task -> limited polling -> download file").
+		POST("/open-apis/drive/v1/export_tasks").
+		Body(body).
+		Set("output_dir", p.OutputDir)
+	if name := strings.TrimSpace(p.FileName); name != "" {
+		dr.Set("file_name", ensureExportFileExtension(sanitizeExportFileName(name, spec.Token), spec.FileExtension))
+	}
+	return dr
+}
+
+// RunExport drives create export task -> bounded poll -> optional download. It
+// is the shared core behind both drive +export and sheets +workbook-export. An
+// empty p.OutputDir skips the download step and returns the ready file token.
+func RunExport(ctx context.Context, runtime *common.RuntimeContext, p ExportParams) error {
+	spec := p.spec()
+	outputDir := p.OutputDir
+	preferredFileName := strings.TrimSpace(p.FileName)
+	overwrite := p.Overwrite
+
+	// Markdown export bypasses the async export task and writes the fetched
+	// markdown content directly to disk. Uses the V2 docs_ai fetch API for
+	// higher-quality Lark-flavored Markdown output.
+	if spec.FileExtension == "markdown" {
+		fmt.Fprintf(runtime.IO().ErrOut, "Exporting docx as markdown: %s\n", common.MaskToken(spec.Token))
+		apiPath := fmt.Sprintf("/open-apis/docs_ai/v1/documents/%s/fetch", validate.EncodePathSegment(spec.Token))
+		data, err := runtime.CallAPITyped(
+			"POST",
+			apiPath,
+			nil,
+			map[string]interface{}{
+				"format": "markdown",
+			},
+		)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
 		}
-		outputDir := runtime.Str("output-dir")
-		preferredFileName := strings.TrimSpace(runtime.Str("file-name"))
-		overwrite := runtime.Bool("overwrite")
 
-		// Markdown export bypasses the async export task and writes the fetched
-		// markdown content directly to disk. Uses the V2 docs_ai fetch API for
-		// higher-quality Lark-flavored Markdown output.
-		if spec.FileExtension == "markdown" {
-			fmt.Fprintf(runtime.IO().ErrOut, "Exporting docx as markdown: %s\n", common.MaskToken(spec.Token))
-			apiPath := fmt.Sprintf("/open-apis/docs_ai/v1/documents/%s/fetch", validate.EncodePathSegment(spec.Token))
-			data, err := runtime.CallAPITyped(
-				"POST",
-				apiPath,
-				nil,
-				map[string]interface{}{
-					"format": "markdown",
-				},
-			)
+		// Extract content from the V2 response: data.document.content
+		doc, ok := data["document"].(map[string]interface{})
+		if !ok {
+			return errs.NewInternalError(errs.SubtypeInvalidResponse, "invalid markdown fetch response: missing document object")
+		}
+		content, ok := doc["content"].(string)
+		if !ok {
+			return errs.NewInternalError(errs.SubtypeInvalidResponse, "invalid markdown fetch response: missing document.content")
+		}
+
+		fileName := preferredFileName
+		if fileName == "" {
+			// Prefer the remote title for the exported file name, but still fall
+			// back to the token if metadata is empty.
+			title, err := common.FetchDriveMetaTitle(runtime, spec.Token, spec.DocType)
 			if err != nil {
-				return err
+				fmt.Fprintf(runtime.IO().ErrOut, "Title lookup failed, using token as filename: %v\n", err)
+				title = spec.Token
 			}
+			fileName = title
+		}
+		fileName = ensureExportFileExtension(sanitizeExportFileName(fileName, spec.Token), spec.FileExtension)
+		savedPath, err := saveContentToOutputDir(runtime.FileIO(), outputDir, fileName, []byte(content), overwrite)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
 
-			// Extract content from the V2 response: data.document.content
-			doc, ok := data["document"].(map[string]interface{})
-			if !ok {
-				return errs.NewInternalError(errs.SubtypeInvalidResponse, "invalid markdown fetch response: missing document object")
+		runtime.Out(map[string]interface{}{
+			"token":          spec.Token,
+			"doc_type":       spec.DocType,
+			"file_extension": spec.FileExtension,
+			"file_name":      filepath.Base(savedPath),
+			"saved_path":     savedPath,
+			"size_bytes":     len(content),
+		}, nil)
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	ticket, err := createDriveExportTask(runtime, spec)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	fmt.Fprintf(runtime.IO().ErrOut, "Created export task: %s\n", ticket)
+
+	var lastStatus driveExportStatus
+	var lastPollErr error
+	hasObservedStatus := false
+	// Keep the command responsive by polling for a bounded window. If the task
+	// is still running after that, return a resume command instead of blocking.
+	for attempt := 1; attempt <= driveExportPollAttempts; attempt++ {
+		if attempt > 1 {
+			select {
+			case <-ctx.Done():
+				return ctx.Err()
+			case <-time.After(driveExportPollInterval):
 			}
-			content, ok := doc["content"].(string)
-			if !ok {
-				return errs.NewInternalError(errs.SubtypeInvalidResponse, "invalid markdown fetch response: missing document.content")
+		}
+		if err := ctx.Err(); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		status, err := getDriveExportStatus(runtime, spec.Token, ticket)
+		if err != nil {
+			// Treat polling failures as transient so short-lived backend hiccups
+			// do not immediately fail an otherwise healthy export task.
+			lastPollErr = err
+			fmt.Fprintf(runtime.IO().ErrOut, "Export status attempt %d/%d failed: %v\n", attempt, driveExportPollAttempts, err)
+			continue
+		}
+		lastStatus = status
+		hasObservedStatus = true
+
+		if status.Ready() {
+			fmt.Fprintf(runtime.IO().ErrOut, "Export task completed: %s\n", common.MaskToken(status.FileToken))
+
+			// Export-only mode: caller wants the ready file token / metadata but
+			// no local download (e.g. sheets +workbook-export without an output
+			// path). Skip the download and return the status envelope.
+			if strings.TrimSpace(outputDir) == "" {
+				runtime.Out(map[string]interface{}{
+					"ticket":         ticket,
+					"token":          spec.Token,
+					"doc_type":       spec.DocType,
+					"file_extension": spec.FileExtension,
+					"file_token":     status.FileToken,
+					"file_name":      status.FileName,
+					"file_size":      status.FileSize,
+					"ready":          true,
+					"downloaded":     false,
+				}, nil)
+				return nil
 			}
 
 			fileName := preferredFileName
 			if fileName == "" {
-				// Prefer the remote title for the exported file name, but still fall
-				// back to the token if metadata is empty.
-				title, err := common.FetchDriveMetaTitle(runtime, spec.Token, spec.DocType)
-				if err != nil {
-					fmt.Fprintf(runtime.IO().ErrOut, "Title lookup failed, using token as filename: %v\n", err)
-					title = spec.Token
-				}
-				fileName = title
+				fileName = status.FileName
 			}
 			fileName = ensureExportFileExtension(sanitizeExportFileName(fileName, spec.Token), spec.FileExtension)
-			savedPath, err := saveContentToOutputDir(runtime.FileIO(), outputDir, fileName, []byte(content), overwrite)
+			out, err := downloadDriveExportFile(ctx, runtime, status.FileToken, outputDir, fileName, overwrite)
 			if err != nil {
-				return err
+				recoveryCommand := driveExportDownloadCommand(status.FileToken, fileName, outputDir, overwrite)
+				hint := fmt.Sprintf(
+					"the export artifact is already ready (ticket=%s, file_token=%s)\nretry download with: %s",
+					ticket,
+					status.FileToken,
+					recoveryCommand,
+				)
+				return appendDriveExportRecoveryHint(err, hint)
 			}
-
-			runtime.Out(map[string]interface{}{
-				"token":          spec.Token,
-				"doc_type":       spec.DocType,
-				"file_extension": spec.FileExtension,
-				"file_name":      filepath.Base(savedPath),
-				"saved_path":     savedPath,
-				"size_bytes":     len(content),
-			}, nil)
+			out["ticket"] = ticket
+			out["doc_type"] = spec.DocType
+			out["file_extension"] = spec.FileExtension
+			runtime.Out(out, nil)
 			return nil
 		}
 
-		ticket, err := createDriveExportTask(runtime, spec)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		fmt.Fprintf(runtime.IO().ErrOut, "Created export task: %s\n", ticket)
-
-		var lastStatus driveExportStatus
-		var lastPollErr error
-		hasObservedStatus := false
-		// Keep the command responsive by polling for a bounded window. If the task
-		// is still running after that, return a resume command instead of blocking.
-		for attempt := 1; attempt <= driveExportPollAttempts; attempt++ {
-			if attempt > 1 {
-				select {
-				case <-ctx.Done():
-					return ctx.Err()
-				case <-time.After(driveExportPollInterval):
-				}
+		if status.Failed() {
+			msg := strings.TrimSpace(status.JobErrorMsg)
+			if msg == "" {
+				msg = status.StatusLabel()
 			}
-			if err := ctx.Err(); err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
-
-			status, err := getDriveExportStatus(runtime, spec.Token, ticket)
-			if err != nil {
-				// Treat polling failures as transient so short-lived backend hiccups
-				// do not immediately fail an otherwise healthy export task.
-				lastPollErr = err
-				fmt.Fprintf(runtime.IO().ErrOut, "Export status attempt %d/%d failed: %v\n", attempt, driveExportPollAttempts, err)
-				continue
-			}
-			lastStatus = status
-			hasObservedStatus = true
-
-			if status.Ready() {
-				fmt.Fprintf(runtime.IO().ErrOut, "Export task completed: %s\n", common.MaskToken(status.FileToken))
-				fileName := preferredFileName
-				if fileName == "" {
-					fileName = status.FileName
-				}
-				fileName = ensureExportFileExtension(sanitizeExportFileName(fileName, spec.Token), spec.FileExtension)
-				out, err := downloadDriveExportFile(ctx, runtime, status.FileToken, outputDir, fileName, overwrite)
-				if err != nil {
-					recoveryCommand := driveExportDownloadCommand(status.FileToken, fileName, outputDir, overwrite)
-					hint := fmt.Sprintf(
-						"the export artifact is already ready (ticket=%s, file_token=%s)\nretry download with: %s",
-						ticket,
-						status.FileToken,
-						recoveryCommand,
-					)
-					return appendDriveExportRecoveryHint(err, hint)
-				}
-				out["ticket"] = ticket
-				out["doc_type"] = spec.DocType
-				out["file_extension"] = spec.FileExtension
-				runtime.Out(out, nil)
-				return nil
-			}
-
-			if status.Failed() {
-				msg := strings.TrimSpace(status.JobErrorMsg)
-				if msg == "" {
-					msg = status.StatusLabel()
-				}
-				return errs.NewAPIError(errs.SubtypeServerError, "export task failed: %s (ticket=%s)", msg, ticket)
-			}
-
-			fmt.Fprintf(runtime.IO().ErrOut, "Export status %d/%d: %s\n", attempt, driveExportPollAttempts, status.StatusLabel())
+			return errs.NewAPIError(errs.SubtypeServerError, "export task failed: %s (ticket=%s)", msg, ticket)
 		}
 
-		nextCommand := driveExportTaskResultCommand(ticket, spec.Token)
-		if !hasObservedStatus && lastPollErr != nil {
-			hint := fmt.Sprintf(
-				"the export task was created but every status poll failed (ticket=%s)\nretry status lookup with: %s",
-				ticket,
-				nextCommand,
-			)
-			return appendDriveExportRecoveryHint(lastPollErr, hint)
-		}
+		fmt.Fprintf(runtime.IO().ErrOut, "Export status %d/%d: %s\n", attempt, driveExportPollAttempts, status.StatusLabel())
+	}
 
-		failed := false
-		var jobStatus interface{}
-		jobStatusLabel := "unknown"
-		if hasObservedStatus {
-			failed = lastStatus.Failed()
-			jobStatus = lastStatus.JobStatus
-			jobStatusLabel = lastStatus.StatusLabel()
-		}
-		// Return the last observed status so callers can resume from a known task
-		// state instead of losing all progress information on timeout.
-		result := map[string]interface{}{
-			"ticket":           ticket,
-			"token":            spec.Token,
-			"doc_type":         spec.DocType,
-			"file_extension":   spec.FileExtension,
-			"ready":            false,
-			"failed":           failed,
-			"job_status":       jobStatus,
-			"job_status_label": jobStatusLabel,
-			"timed_out":        true,
-			"next_command":     nextCommand,
-		}
-		if preferredFileName != "" {
-			result["file_name"] = ensureExportFileExtension(sanitizeExportFileName(preferredFileName, spec.Token), spec.FileExtension)
-		}
-		runtime.Out(result, nil)
-		fmt.Fprintf(runtime.IO().ErrOut, "Export task is still in progress. Continue with: %s\n", nextCommand)
-		return nil
-	},
+	nextCommand := driveExportTaskResultCommand(ticket, spec.Token)
+	if !hasObservedStatus && lastPollErr != nil {
+		hint := fmt.Sprintf(
+			"the export task was created but every status poll failed (ticket=%s)\nretry status lookup with: %s",
+			ticket,
+			nextCommand,
+		)
+		return appendDriveExportRecoveryHint(lastPollErr, hint)
+	}
+
+	failed := false
+	var jobStatus interface{}
+	jobStatusLabel := "unknown"
+	if hasObservedStatus {
+		failed = lastStatus.Failed()
+		jobStatus = lastStatus.JobStatus
+		jobStatusLabel = lastStatus.StatusLabel()
+	}
+	// Return the last observed status so callers can resume from a known task
+	// state instead of losing all progress information on timeout.
+	result := map[string]interface{}{
+		"ticket":           ticket,
+		"token":            spec.Token,
+		"doc_type":         spec.DocType,
+		"file_extension":   spec.FileExtension,
+		"ready":            false,
+		"failed":           failed,
+		"job_status":       jobStatus,
+		"job_status_label": jobStatusLabel,
+		"timed_out":        true,
+		"next_command":     nextCommand,
+	}
+	if preferredFileName != "" {
+		result["file_name"] = ensureExportFileExtension(sanitizeExportFileName(preferredFileName, spec.Token), spec.FileExtension)
+	}
+	runtime.Out(result, nil)
+	fmt.Fprintf(runtime.IO().ErrOut, "Export task is still in progress. Continue with: %s\n", nextCommand)
+	return nil
 }

shortcuts/drive/drive_export_test.go

@@ -488,6 +488,72 @@ func TestDriveExportAsyncSuccess(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+// TestDriveExportEmptyOutputDirDownloadsToCwd guards the export refactor: an
+// explicit empty --output-dir must still download to the current directory
+// (normalized to "."), not trigger the export-only no-download path that the
+// shared RunExport core uses for sheets +workbook-export.
+func TestDriveExportEmptyOutputDirDownloadsToCwd(t *testing.T) {
+	f, stdout, _, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, driveTestConfig())
+	reg.Register(&httpmock.Stub{
+		Method: "POST",
+		URL:    "/open-apis/drive/v1/export_tasks",
+		Body:   map[string]interface{}{"code": 0, "data": map[string]interface{}{"ticket": "tk_e"}},
+	})
+	reg.Register(&httpmock.Stub{
+		Method: "GET",
+		URL:    "/open-apis/drive/v1/export_tasks/tk_e",
+		Body: map[string]interface{}{"code": 0, "data": map[string]interface{}{
+			"result": map[string]interface{}{
+				"job_status": 0, "file_token": "box_e", "file_name": "report",
+				"file_extension": "pdf", "type": "docx", "file_size": 3,
+			},
+		}},
+	})
+	reg.Register(&httpmock.Stub{
+		Method:  "GET",
+		URL:     "/open-apis/drive/v1/export_tasks/file/box_e/download",
+		Status:  200,
+		RawBody: []byte("pdf"),
+		Headers: http.Header{
+			"Content-Type":        []string{"application/pdf"},
+			"Content-Disposition": []string{`attachment; filename="report.pdf"`},
+		},
+	})
+
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	withDriveWorkingDir(t, tmpDir)
+
+	prevAttempts, prevInterval := driveExportPollAttempts, driveExportPollInterval
+	driveExportPollAttempts, driveExportPollInterval = 1, 0
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		driveExportPollAttempts, driveExportPollInterval = prevAttempts, prevInterval
+	})
+
+	err := mountAndRunDrive(t, DriveExport, []string{
+		"+export",
+		"--token", "docx123",
+		"--doc-type", "docx",
+		"--file-extension", "pdf",
+		"--output-dir", "",
+		"--as", "bot",
+	}, f, stdout)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	// Empty --output-dir must still write to cwd, not skip the download.
+	data, err := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join(tmpDir, "report.pdf"))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("empty --output-dir should still download to cwd: %v", err)
+	}
+	if string(data) != "pdf" {
+		t.Fatalf("downloaded content = %q", string(data))
+	}
+	if strings.Contains(stdout.String(), `"downloaded": false`) {
+		t.Fatalf("export-only path must not trigger for drive +export: %s", stdout.String())
+	}
+}
+
 func TestDriveExportAsyncUsesProvidedFileName(t *testing.T) {
 	f, stdout, _, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, driveTestConfig())
 	reg.Register(&httpmock.Stub{

shortcuts/drive/drive_import.go

@@ -34,128 +34,160 @@ var DriveImport = common.Shortcut{
 		{Name: "target-token", Desc: "existing token to import data into (only for type=bitable); when set, data is mounted into this bitable instead of creating a new one"},
 	},
 	Validate: func(ctx context.Context, runtime *common.RuntimeContext) error {
-		return validateDriveImportSpec(driveImportSpec{
-			FilePath:    runtime.Str("file"),
-			DocType:     strings.ToLower(runtime.Str("type")),
-			FolderToken: runtime.Str("folder-token"),
-			Name:        runtime.Str("name"),
-			TargetToken: runtime.Str("target-token"),
-		})
+		return ValidateImport(importParamsFromFlags(runtime))
 	},
 	DryRun: func(ctx context.Context, runtime *common.RuntimeContext) *common.DryRunAPI {
-		spec := driveImportSpec{
-			FilePath:    runtime.Str("file"),
-			DocType:     strings.ToLower(runtime.Str("type")),
-			FolderToken: runtime.Str("folder-token"),
-			Name:        runtime.Str("name"),
-			TargetToken: runtime.Str("target-token"),
-		}
-		fileSize, err := preflightDriveImportFile(runtime.FileIO(), &spec)
-		if err != nil {
-			return common.NewDryRunAPI().Set("error", err.Error())
-		}
-		if valErr := validateDriveImportSpec(spec); valErr != nil {
-			return common.NewDryRunAPI().Set("error", valErr.Error())
-		}
-
-		dry := common.NewDryRunAPI()
-		dry.Desc("Upload file (single-part or multipart) -> create import task -> poll status")
-
-		appendDriveImportUploadDryRun(dry, spec, fileSize)
-
-		dry.POST("/open-apis/drive/v1/import_tasks").
-			Desc("[2] Create import task").
-			Body(spec.CreateTaskBody("<file_token>"))
-
-		dry.GET("/open-apis/drive/v1/import_tasks/:ticket").
-			Desc("[3] Poll import task result").
-			Set("ticket", "<ticket>")
-		if runtime.IsBot() {
-			dry.Desc("After the import result returns the final cloud document target in bot mode, the CLI will also try to grant the current CLI user full_access (可管理权限) on it.")
-		}
-
-		return dry
+		return PlanImportDryRun(runtime, importParamsFromFlags(runtime))
 	},
 	Execute: func(ctx context.Context, runtime *common.RuntimeContext) error {
-		spec := driveImportSpec{
-			FilePath:    runtime.Str("file"),
-			DocType:     strings.ToLower(runtime.Str("type")),
-			FolderToken: runtime.Str("folder-token"),
-			Name:        runtime.Str("name"),
-			TargetToken: runtime.Str("target-token"),
-		}
-		if _, err := preflightDriveImportFile(runtime.FileIO(), &spec); err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-
-		// Step 1: Upload file as media
-		fileToken, uploadErr := uploadMediaForImport(ctx, runtime, spec.FilePath, spec.SourceFileName(), spec.DocType)
-		if uploadErr != nil {
-			return uploadErr
-		}
-
-		fmt.Fprintf(runtime.IO().ErrOut, "Creating import task for %s as %s...\n", spec.TargetFileName(), spec.DocType)
-
-		// Step 2: Create import task
-		ticket, err := createDriveImportTask(runtime, spec, fileToken)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-
-		// Step 3: Poll task
-		fmt.Fprintf(runtime.IO().ErrOut, "Polling import task %s...\n", ticket)
-
-		status, ready, err := pollDriveImportTask(runtime, ticket)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-
-		// Some intermediate responses omit the final type, so fall back to the
-		// requested type to keep the output shape stable.
-		resultType := status.DocType
-		if resultType == "" {
-			resultType = spec.DocType
-		}
-		out := map[string]interface{}{
-			"ticket":           ticket,
-			"type":             resultType,
-			"ready":            ready,
-			"job_status":       status.JobStatus,
-			"job_status_label": status.StatusLabel(),
-		}
-		if status.Token != "" {
-			out["token"] = status.Token
-		}
-		if statusURL := strings.TrimSpace(status.URL); statusURL != "" {
-			out["url"] = statusURL
-		} else if status.Token != "" {
-			if u := common.BuildResourceURL(runtime.Config.Brand, normalizeDriveImportKindForURL(resultType, spec.DocType), status.Token); u != "" {
-				out["url"] = u
-			}
-		}
-		if status.JobErrorMsg != "" {
-			out["job_error_msg"] = status.JobErrorMsg
-		}
-		if status.Extra != nil {
-			out["extra"] = status.Extra
-		}
-		if !ready {
-			nextCommand := driveImportTaskResultCommand(ticket)
-			fmt.Fprintf(runtime.IO().ErrOut, "Import task is still in progress. Continue with: %s\n", nextCommand)
-			out["timed_out"] = true
-			out["next_command"] = nextCommand
-		}
-		if ready {
-			if grant := common.AutoGrantCurrentUserDrivePermission(runtime, common.GetString(out, "token"), resultType); grant != nil {
-				out["permission_grant"] = grant
-			}
-		}
-
-		runtime.Out(out, nil)
-		return nil
+		return RunImport(ctx, runtime, importParamsFromFlags(runtime))
 	},
 }
 
+// ImportParams holds the user-facing inputs for an import flow, decoupled from
+// cobra flags so other command groups (e.g. sheets +workbook-import) can reuse
+// the drive import implementation without taking a dependency on a --type flag.
+type ImportParams struct {
+	File        string
+	DocType     string
+	FolderToken string
+	Name        string
+	TargetToken string
+}
+
+func (p ImportParams) spec() driveImportSpec {
+	return driveImportSpec{
+		FilePath:    p.File,
+		DocType:     strings.ToLower(p.DocType),
+		FolderToken: p.FolderToken,
+		Name:        p.Name,
+		TargetToken: p.TargetToken,
+	}
+}
+
+// importParamsFromFlags reads the standard drive +import flag set.
+func importParamsFromFlags(runtime *common.RuntimeContext) ImportParams {
+	return ImportParams{
+		File:        runtime.Str("file"),
+		DocType:     runtime.Str("type"),
+		FolderToken: runtime.Str("folder-token"),
+		Name:        runtime.Str("name"),
+		TargetToken: runtime.Str("target-token"),
+	}
+}
+
+// ValidateImport runs the CLI-level compatibility checks for an import.
+func ValidateImport(p ImportParams) error {
+	return validateDriveImportSpec(p.spec())
+}
+
+// PlanImportDryRun builds the dry-run plan (upload -> create task -> poll) for
+// an import without performing any network or file I/O beyond a local stat.
+func PlanImportDryRun(runtime *common.RuntimeContext, p ImportParams) *common.DryRunAPI {
+	spec := p.spec()
+	fileSize, err := preflightDriveImportFile(runtime.FileIO(), &spec)
+	if err != nil {
+		return common.NewDryRunAPI().Set("error", err.Error())
+	}
+	if valErr := validateDriveImportSpec(spec); valErr != nil {
+		return common.NewDryRunAPI().Set("error", valErr.Error())
+	}
+
+	dry := common.NewDryRunAPI()
+	dry.Desc("Upload file (single-part or multipart) -> create import task -> poll status")
+
+	appendDriveImportUploadDryRun(dry, spec, fileSize)
+
+	dry.POST("/open-apis/drive/v1/import_tasks").
+		Desc("[2] Create import task").
+		Body(spec.CreateTaskBody("<file_token>"))
+
+	dry.GET("/open-apis/drive/v1/import_tasks/:ticket").
+		Desc("[3] Poll import task result").
+		Set("ticket", "<ticket>")
+	if runtime.IsBot() {
+		dry.Desc("After the import result returns the final cloud document target in bot mode, the CLI will also try to grant the current CLI user full_access (可管理权限) on it.")
+	}
+
+	return dry
+}
+
+// RunImport executes the full import flow: upload media -> create import task ->
+// bounded poll, then writes the result envelope to the runtime output. It is
+// the shared core behind both drive +import and sheets +workbook-import.
+func RunImport(ctx context.Context, runtime *common.RuntimeContext, p ImportParams) error {
+	spec := p.spec()
+	if _, err := preflightDriveImportFile(runtime.FileIO(), &spec); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// Step 1: Upload file as media
+	fileToken, uploadErr := uploadMediaForImport(ctx, runtime, spec.FilePath, spec.SourceFileName(), spec.DocType)
+	if uploadErr != nil {
+		return uploadErr
+	}
+
+	fmt.Fprintf(runtime.IO().ErrOut, "Creating import task for %s as %s...\n", spec.TargetFileName(), spec.DocType)
+
+	// Step 2: Create import task
+	ticket, err := createDriveImportTask(runtime, spec, fileToken)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// Step 3: Poll task
+	fmt.Fprintf(runtime.IO().ErrOut, "Polling import task %s...\n", ticket)
+
+	status, ready, err := pollDriveImportTask(runtime, ticket)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// Some intermediate responses omit the final type, so fall back to the
+	// requested type to keep the output shape stable.
+	resultType := status.DocType
+	if resultType == "" {
+		resultType = spec.DocType
+	}
+	out := map[string]interface{}{
+		"ticket":           ticket,
+		"type":             resultType,
+		"ready":            ready,
+		"job_status":       status.JobStatus,
+		"job_status_label": status.StatusLabel(),
+	}
+	if status.Token != "" {
+		out["token"] = status.Token
+	}
+	if statusURL := strings.TrimSpace(status.URL); statusURL != "" {
+		out["url"] = statusURL
+	} else if status.Token != "" {
+		if u := common.BuildResourceURL(runtime.Config.Brand, normalizeDriveImportKindForURL(resultType, spec.DocType), status.Token); u != "" {
+			out["url"] = u
+		}
+	}
+	if status.JobErrorMsg != "" {
+		out["job_error_msg"] = status.JobErrorMsg
+	}
+	if status.Extra != nil {
+		out["extra"] = status.Extra
+	}
+	if !ready {
+		nextCommand := driveImportTaskResultCommand(ticket)
+		fmt.Fprintf(runtime.IO().ErrOut, "Import task is still in progress. Continue with: %s\n", nextCommand)
+		out["timed_out"] = true
+		out["next_command"] = nextCommand
+	}
+	if ready {
+		if grant := common.AutoGrantCurrentUserDrivePermission(runtime, common.GetString(out, "token"), resultType); grant != nil {
+			out["permission_grant"] = grant
+		}
+	}
+
+	runtime.Out(out, nil)
+	return nil
+}
+
 func preflightDriveImportFile(fio fileio.FileIO, spec *driveImportSpec) (int64, error) {
 	// Keep dry-run and execution aligned on path normalization, file existence,
 	// and format-specific size limits before planning the upload path.

shortcuts/event/errors.go

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package event
+
+import "github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
+
+func eventValidationError(format string, args ...any) *errs.ValidationError {
+	return errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, format, args...)
+}
+
+func eventValidationParamError(param, format string, args ...any) *errs.ValidationError {
+	return eventValidationError(format, args...).WithParam(param)
+}
+
+// eventValidationParamErrorWithCause appends ": <err>" to the formatted
+// message and preserves err as the unwrap cause.
+func eventValidationParamErrorWithCause(err error, param, format string, args ...any) *errs.ValidationError {
+	return eventValidationParamError(param, format+": %s", append(args, err)...).WithCause(err)
+}
+
+// eventFileIOError appends ": <err>" to the formatted message and preserves
+// err as the unwrap cause.
+func eventFileIOError(err error, format string, args ...any) *errs.InternalError {
+	return errs.NewInternalError(errs.SubtypeFileIO, format+": %s", append(args, err)...).WithCause(err)
+}
+
+// eventNetworkError appends ": <err>" to the formatted message and preserves
+// err as the unwrap cause.
+func eventNetworkError(err error, format string, args ...any) *errs.NetworkError {
+	return errs.NewNetworkError(errs.SubtypeNetworkTransport, format+": %s", append(args, err)...).WithCause(err)
+}

shortcuts/event/pipeline.go

@@ -63,13 +63,13 @@ func NewEventPipeline(
 func (p *EventPipeline) EnsureDirs() error {
 	if p.config.OutputDir != "" {
 		if err := vfs.MkdirAll(p.config.OutputDir, 0700); err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("create output dir: %w", err)
+			return eventFileIOError(err, "create output dir")
 		}
 	}
 	if p.config.Router != nil {
 		for _, route := range p.config.Router.routes {
 			if err := vfs.MkdirAll(route.dir, 0700); err != nil {
-				return fmt.Errorf("create route dir %s: %w", route.dir, err)
+				return eventFileIOError(err, "create route dir %s", route.dir)
 			}
 		}
 	}

shortcuts/event/processor_test.go

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import (
 	"bytes"
 	"context"
 	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
 	"io"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
@@ -15,7 +16,13 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/lockfile"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/shortcuts/common"
 	larkevent "github.com/larksuite/oapi-sdk-go/v3/event"
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 )
 
 // chdirTemp changes cwd to a fresh temp dir for the test duration.
@@ -44,6 +51,87 @@ func makeRawEvent(eventType string, eventJSON string) *RawEvent {
 	}
 }
 
+func requireProblem(t *testing.T, err error, category errs.Category, subtype errs.Subtype, param string) {
+	t.Helper()
+	p, ok := errs.ProblemOf(err)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("ProblemOf(%T) = false, error: %v", err, err)
+	}
+	if p.Category != category || p.Subtype != subtype {
+		t.Fatalf("problem = %s/%s, want %s/%s", p.Category, p.Subtype, category, subtype)
+	}
+	if param != "" {
+		var ve *errs.ValidationError
+		if !errors.As(err, &ve) {
+			t.Fatalf("error %T is not *errs.ValidationError", err)
+		}
+		if ve.Param != param {
+			t.Fatalf("Param = %q, want %q", ve.Param, param)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestEventTypedErrorHelpers(t *testing.T) {
+	cause := errors.New("cause")
+
+	validation := eventValidationError("bad input")
+	requireProblem(t, validation, errs.CategoryValidation, errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, "")
+
+	paramErr := eventValidationParamErrorWithCause(cause, "--flag", "bad %s value", "flag")
+	requireProblem(t, paramErr, errs.CategoryValidation, errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, "--flag")
+	if got := paramErr.Error(); got != "bad flag value: cause" {
+		t.Fatalf("message = %q, want %q", got, "bad flag value: cause")
+	}
+	if !errors.Is(paramErr, cause) {
+		t.Fatal("validation error should preserve its cause")
+	}
+
+	fileErr := eventFileIOError(cause, "write failed")
+	requireProblem(t, fileErr, errs.CategoryInternal, errs.SubtypeFileIO, "")
+	if got := fileErr.Error(); got != "write failed: cause" {
+		t.Fatalf("message = %q, want %q", got, "write failed: cause")
+	}
+	if !errors.Is(fileErr, cause) {
+		t.Fatal("file_io error should preserve its cause")
+	}
+
+	networkErr := eventNetworkError(cause, "websocket failed")
+	requireProblem(t, networkErr, errs.CategoryNetwork, errs.SubtypeNetworkTransport, "")
+	if got := networkErr.Error(); got != "websocket failed: cause" {
+		t.Fatalf("message = %q, want %q", got, "websocket failed: cause")
+	}
+	if !errors.Is(networkErr, cause) {
+		t.Fatal("network error should preserve its cause")
+	}
+}
+
+func newSubscribeTestRuntime(t *testing.T) *common.RuntimeContext {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	var out, errOut bytes.Buffer
+	cmd := &cobra.Command{Use: "+subscribe"}
+	cmd.Flags().String("event-types", "", "")
+	cmd.Flags().String("filter", "", "")
+	cmd.Flags().Bool("json", false, "")
+	cmd.Flags().Bool("compact", false, "")
+	cmd.Flags().String("output-dir", "", "")
+	cmd.Flags().Bool("quiet", false, "")
+	cmd.Flags().StringArray("route", nil, "")
+	cmd.Flags().Bool("force", false, "")
+
+	return &common.RuntimeContext{
+		Cmd: cmd,
+		Config: &core.CliConfig{
+			AppID:     "cli_event_test",
+			AppSecret: "secret",
+			Brand:     core.BrandFeishu,
+		},
+		Factory: &cmdutil.Factory{
+			IOStreams: cmdutil.NewIOStreams(strings.NewReader(""), &out, &errOut),
+		},
+	}
+}
+
 // --- Registry ---
 
 func TestRegistryLookup(t *testing.T) {
@@ -63,9 +151,11 @@ func TestRegistryDuplicateReturnsError(t *testing.T) {
 	if err := r.Register(&ImMessageProcessor{}); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("first register should succeed: %v", err)
 	}
-	if err := r.Register(&ImMessageProcessor{}); err == nil {
+	err := r.Register(&ImMessageProcessor{})
+	if err == nil {
 		t.Error("expected error on duplicate registration")
 	}
+	requireProblem(t, err, errs.CategoryInternal, errs.SubtypeUnknown, "")
 }
 
 // --- Filters ---
@@ -106,6 +196,54 @@ func TestRegexFilter_Invalid(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestEventSubscribeExecuteRejectsUnsafeOutputDir(t *testing.T) {
+	rt := newSubscribeTestRuntime(t)
+	if err := rt.Cmd.Flags().Set("output-dir", "/tmp/events"); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	err := EventSubscribe.Execute(context.Background(), rt)
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected unsafe output-dir error")
+	}
+	requireProblem(t, err, errs.CategoryValidation, errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, "--output-dir")
+	if errors.Unwrap(err) == nil {
+		t.Fatal("unsafe output-dir error should preserve its cause")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestEventSubscribeExecuteRejectsInvalidFilter(t *testing.T) {
+	rt := newSubscribeTestRuntime(t)
+	if err := rt.Cmd.Flags().Set("force", "true"); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := rt.Cmd.Flags().Set("filter", "[invalid"); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	err := EventSubscribe.Execute(context.Background(), rt)
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected invalid filter error")
+	}
+	requireProblem(t, err, errs.CategoryValidation, errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, "--filter")
+	if errors.Unwrap(err) == nil {
+		t.Fatal("invalid filter error should preserve its cause")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestEventSubscribeExecuteRejectsInvalidRoute(t *testing.T) {
+	rt := newSubscribeTestRuntime(t)
+	if err := rt.Cmd.Flags().Set("force", "true"); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := rt.Cmd.Flags().Set("route", "no-equals-sign"); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	err := EventSubscribe.Execute(context.Background(), rt)
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected invalid route error")
+	}
+	requireProblem(t, err, errs.CategoryValidation, errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, "--route")
+}
+
 func TestFilterChain(t *testing.T) {
 	etf := NewEventTypeFilter("im.message.receive_v1, drive.file.edit_v1")
 	rf, _ := NewRegexFilter("im\\..*")
@@ -339,6 +477,106 @@ func TestPipeline_OutputDir(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestEventSubscribeExecuteRejectsHeldLock(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", t.TempDir())
+	lock, err := lockfile.ForSubscribe("cli_event_test")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := lock.TryLock(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = lock.Unlock() })
+
+	rt := newSubscribeTestRuntime(t)
+	execErr := EventSubscribe.Execute(context.Background(), rt)
+	if execErr == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected lock-held error")
+	}
+	requireProblem(t, execErr, errs.CategoryValidation, errs.SubtypeFailedPrecondition, "")
+	if !errors.Is(execErr, lockfile.ErrHeld) {
+		t.Error("lock-held error should preserve lockfile.ErrHeld for errors.Is")
+	}
+	p, _ := errs.ProblemOf(execErr)
+	if p.Hint == "" {
+		t.Error("lock-held error should carry a recovery hint")
+	}
+	var ve *errs.ValidationError
+	if errors.As(execErr, &ve) && ve.Param != "" {
+		t.Errorf("lock contention names no offending flag; param = %q, want empty", ve.Param)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestEventSubscribeDryRunEchoesFlags(t *testing.T) {
+	rt := newSubscribeTestRuntime(t)
+	for flag, value := range map[string]string{
+		"event-types": "im.message.receive_v1",
+		"filter":      "^im\\.",
+		"output-dir":  "events_out",
+	} {
+		if err := rt.Cmd.Flags().Set(flag, value); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+	}
+	if err := rt.Cmd.Flags().Set("route", "^im\\.message=dir:./messages"); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	d := EventSubscribe.DryRun(context.Background(), rt)
+	if d == nil {
+		t.Fatal("DryRun returned nil")
+	}
+	payload, err := json.Marshal(d)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	for _, want := range []string{
+		`"command":"event +subscribe"`,
+		`"app_id":"cli_event_test"`,
+		`"event_types":"im.message.receive_v1"`,
+		`"output_dir":"events_out"`,
+	} {
+		if !strings.Contains(string(payload), want) {
+			t.Errorf("dry-run payload missing %s\ngot: %s", want, payload)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestPipeline_EnsureDirsRouteDirFileIOError(t *testing.T) {
+	chdirTemp(t)
+	if err := os.WriteFile("blocked", []byte("x"), 0600); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	router, err := ParseRoutes([]string{`^im\.=dir:./blocked/child`})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("ParseRoutes: %v", err)
+	}
+	p := NewEventPipeline(DefaultRegistry(), NewFilterChain(),
+		PipelineConfig{Mode: TransformCompact, Router: router}, io.Discard, io.Discard)
+	err = p.EnsureDirs()
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected file_io error for route dir blocked by a file")
+	}
+	requireProblem(t, err, errs.CategoryInternal, errs.SubtypeFileIO, "")
+}
+
+func TestPipeline_EnsureDirsFileIOError(t *testing.T) {
+	path := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "not-a-dir")
+	if err := os.WriteFile(path, []byte("x"), 0600); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	p := NewEventPipeline(DefaultRegistry(), NewFilterChain(),
+		PipelineConfig{Mode: TransformCompact, OutputDir: filepath.Join(path, "child")}, io.Discard, io.Discard)
+	err := p.EnsureDirs()
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected file_io error")
+	}
+	requireProblem(t, err, errs.CategoryInternal, errs.SubtypeFileIO, "")
+	if errors.Unwrap(err) == nil {
+		t.Fatal("file_io error should preserve its cause")
+	}
+}
+
 // --- Pipeline: JsonFlag ---
 
 func TestPipeline_JsonFlag(t *testing.T) {
@@ -608,6 +846,7 @@ func TestParseRoutes_MissingEquals(t *testing.T) {
 	if err == nil {
 		t.Error("expected error for missing =")
 	}
+	requireProblem(t, err, errs.CategoryValidation, errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, "--route")
 }
 
 func TestParseRoutes_InvalidRegex(t *testing.T) {
@@ -615,6 +854,10 @@ func TestParseRoutes_InvalidRegex(t *testing.T) {
 	if err == nil {
 		t.Error("expected error for invalid regex")
 	}
+	requireProblem(t, err, errs.CategoryValidation, errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, "--route")
+	if errors.Unwrap(err) == nil {
+		t.Fatal("invalid regex error should preserve its cause")
+	}
 }
 
 func TestParseRoutes_MissingPrefix(t *testing.T) {
@@ -622,6 +865,7 @@ func TestParseRoutes_MissingPrefix(t *testing.T) {
 	if err == nil {
 		t.Error("expected error for missing dir: prefix")
 	}
+	requireProblem(t, err, errs.CategoryValidation, errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, "--route")
 	if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "dir:") {
 		t.Errorf("error should mention dir: prefix, got: %v", err)
 	}
@@ -632,6 +876,7 @@ func TestParseRoutes_EmptyPath(t *testing.T) {
 	if err == nil {
 		t.Error("expected error for empty path")
 	}
+	requireProblem(t, err, errs.CategoryValidation, errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, "--route")
 }
 
 func TestParseRoutes_RejectsAbsolutePath(t *testing.T) {
@@ -639,6 +884,7 @@ func TestParseRoutes_RejectsAbsolutePath(t *testing.T) {
 	if err == nil {
 		t.Error("expected error for absolute path in route")
 	}
+	requireProblem(t, err, errs.CategoryValidation, errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, "--route")
 }
 
 func TestParseRoutes_RejectsTraversal(t *testing.T) {
@@ -646,6 +892,7 @@ func TestParseRoutes_RejectsTraversal(t *testing.T) {
 	if err == nil {
 		t.Error("expected error for path traversal in route")
 	}
+	requireProblem(t, err, errs.CategoryValidation, errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, "--route")
 }
 
 func TestParseRoutes_PathSafety(t *testing.T) {

shortcuts/event/registry.go

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 package event
 
-import "fmt"
+import "github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
 
 // ProcessorRegistry manages event_type → EventProcessor mappings.
 type ProcessorRegistry struct {
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ func NewProcessorRegistry(fallback EventProcessor) *ProcessorRegistry {
 func (r *ProcessorRegistry) Register(p EventProcessor) error {
 	et := p.EventType()
 	if _, exists := r.processors[et]; exists {
-		return fmt.Errorf("duplicate event processor for: %s", et)
+		return errs.NewInternalError(errs.SubtypeUnknown, "duplicate event processor for: %s", et)
 	}
 	r.processors[et] = p
 	return nil

shortcuts/event/router.go

@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@
 package event
 
 import (
-	"fmt"
 	"regexp"
 	"strings"
 
@@ -34,27 +33,27 @@ func ParseRoutes(specs []string) (*EventRouter, error) {
 	for _, spec := range specs {
 		parts := strings.SplitN(spec, "=", 2)
 		if len(parts) != 2 {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid route %q: expected format regex=dir:./path", spec)
+			return nil, eventValidationParamError("--route", "invalid --route %q: expected format regex=dir:./path", spec)
 		}
 		pattern := parts[0]
 		target := parts[1]
 
 		re, err := regexp.Compile(pattern)
 		if err != nil {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid regex in route %q: %w", spec, err)
+			return nil, eventValidationParamErrorWithCause(err, "--route", "invalid regex in --route %q", spec)
 		}
 
 		if !strings.HasPrefix(target, "dir:") {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid route target %q: must start with \"dir:\" prefix (format: regex=dir:./path)", target)
+			return nil, eventValidationParamError("--route", "invalid --route target %q: must start with \"dir:\" prefix (format: regex=dir:./path)", target)
 		}
 		dir := strings.TrimPrefix(target, "dir:")
 		if dir == "" {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid route %q: directory path is empty", spec)
+			return nil, eventValidationParamError("--route", "invalid --route %q: directory path is empty", spec)
 		}
 
 		safeDir, err := validate.SafeOutputPath(dir)
 		if err != nil {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid route %q: %w", spec, err)
+			return nil, eventValidationParamErrorWithCause(err, "--route", "invalid --route %q", spec)
 		}
 
 		routes = append(routes, Route{pattern: re, dir: safeDir})

shortcuts/event/subscribe.go

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ package event
 import (
 	"context"
 	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"os"
@@ -13,6 +14,7 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 	"syscall"
 
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/lockfile"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/output"
@@ -144,7 +146,7 @@ var EventSubscribe = common.Shortcut{
 		if outputDir != "" {
 			safePath, err := validate.SafeOutputPath(outputDir)
 			if err != nil {
-				return output.ErrValidation("unsafe output path: %s", err)
+				return eventValidationParamErrorWithCause(err, "--output-dir", "unsafe --output-dir")
 			}
 			outputDir = safePath
 		}
@@ -162,15 +164,18 @@ var EventSubscribe = common.Shortcut{
 		if !forceFlag {
 			lock, err := lockfile.ForSubscribe(runtime.Config.AppID)
 			if err != nil {
-				return fmt.Errorf("failed to create lock: %w", err)
+				return eventFileIOError(err, "failed to create event subscriber lock")
 			}
 			if err := lock.TryLock(); err != nil {
-				return output.ErrValidation(
-					"another event +subscribe instance is already running for app %s\n"+
-						"  Only one subscriber per app is allowed to prevent competing consumers.\n"+
-						"  Use --force to bypass this check.",
-					runtime.Config.AppID,
-				)
+				if errors.Is(err, lockfile.ErrHeld) {
+					return errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeFailedPrecondition,
+						"another event +subscribe instance is already running for app %s\n"+
+							"  Only one subscriber per app is allowed to prevent competing consumers.\n"+
+							"  Use --force to bypass this check.",
+						runtime.Config.AppID,
+					).WithHint("stop the existing subscriber for this app, or rerun with --force if you accept split event delivery").WithCause(err)
+				}
+				return eventFileIOError(err, "failed to acquire event subscriber lock")
 			}
 			defer lock.Unlock()
 		}
@@ -179,7 +184,7 @@ var EventSubscribe = common.Shortcut{
 		eventTypeFilter := NewEventTypeFilter(eventTypesStr)
 		regexFilter, err := NewRegexFilter(filterStr)
 		if err != nil {
-			return output.ErrValidation("invalid --filter regex: %s", filterStr)
+			return eventValidationParamErrorWithCause(err, "--filter", "invalid --filter regex %q", filterStr)
 		}
 		var filterList []EventFilter
 		if eventTypeFilter != nil {
@@ -193,7 +198,7 @@ var EventSubscribe = common.Shortcut{
 		// --- Parse route ---
 		router, err := ParseRoutes(routeSpecs)
 		if err != nil {
-			return output.ErrValidation("invalid --route: %v", err)
+			return err
 		}
 
 		// --- Build pipeline ---
@@ -292,7 +297,7 @@ var EventSubscribe = common.Shortcut{
 				return nil
 			}
 			if err != nil {
-				return output.ErrNetwork("WebSocket connection failed: %v", err)
+				return eventNetworkError(err, "WebSocket connection failed")
 			}
 			return nil
 		}

shortcuts/sheets/batch_op_contract_test.go

@@ -177,6 +177,18 @@ func TestBatchOp_BodyMatchesStandalone(t *testing.T) {
 			args:     []string{"--sheet-id", "sh1", "--color", "#FF0000"},
 			subInput: `{"sheet-id":"sh1","color":"#FF0000"}`,
 		},
+		{
+			shortcut: "+sheet-show-gridline",
+			sc:       SheetShowGridline,
+			args:     []string{"--sheet-id", "sh1"},
+			subInput: `{"sheet-id":"sh1"}`,
+		},
+		{
+			shortcut: "+sheet-hide-gridline",
+			sc:       SheetHideGridline,
+			args:     []string{"--sheet-id", "sh1"},
+			subInput: `{"sheet-id":"sh1"}`,
+		},
 		{
 			shortcut: "+dropdown-set",
 			sc:       DropdownSet,

shortcuts/sheets/batch_op_dispatch.go

@@ -152,6 +152,12 @@ var batchOpDispatch = map[string]batchOpMapping{
 		return sheetVisibilityInput(fv, t, sid, sn, "unhide")
 	}},
 	"+sheet-set-tab-color": {"modify_workbook_structure", sheetSetTabColorInput},
+	"+sheet-show-gridline": {"modify_workbook_structure", func(fv flagView, t, sid, sn string) (map[string]interface{}, error) {
+		return sheetVisibilityInput(fv, t, sid, sn, "show_gridline")
+	}},
+	"+sheet-hide-gridline": {"modify_workbook_structure", func(fv flagView, t, sid, sn string) (map[string]interface{}, error) {
+		return sheetVisibilityInput(fv, t, sid, sn, "hide_gridline")
+	}},
 
 	// ─── 对象族 CRUD (manage_*_object, operation 区分) ─────────────
 	"+chart-create": {"manage_chart_object", objCreateTranslate(chartSpec)},

shortcuts/sheets/csv_put_guard_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package sheets
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
+	_ "github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/vfs/localfileio"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/shortcuts/common"
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+)
+
+func newCSVGuardRuntime(csvVal string) *common.RuntimeContext {
+	cmd := &cobra.Command{Use: "test"}
+	cmd.Flags().String("csv", "", "")
+	cmd.ParseFlags(nil)
+	cmd.Flags().Set("csv", csvVal)
+	return &common.RuntimeContext{Cmd: cmd}
+}
+
+// TestGuardCSVValueIsNotFilePath verifies the guard flags a bare --csv value
+// only when it names a real file (a forgotten @), while leaving genuine inline
+// content alone — including the case the old name-shape heuristic got wrong:
+// prose that merely ends in or mentions a filename.
+func TestGuardCSVValueIsNotFilePath(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	cmdutil.TestChdir(t, dir)
+	if err := os.WriteFile("data.csv", []byte("a,b\n1,2\n"), 0644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	// Bare value naming an existing file → guarded with a fix-it hint.
+	err := guardCSVValueIsNotFilePath(newCSVGuardRuntime("data.csv"))
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected guard error when --csv names an existing file")
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "existing file") || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "@data.csv") {
+		t.Errorf("error should flag the file and suggest @data.csv, got: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	// Content that is not a real file must pass through unchanged.
+	for _, v := range []string{
+		"改完记得更新config.json",           // prose ending in a filename — not a real file
+		"remember to update data.csv", // mentions the real file but isn't its name
+		"a,b\n1,2",                    // multi-cell CSV
+		"hello world",
+		"nope.csv", // path-shaped but no such file
+		"",
+	} {
+		if err := guardCSVValueIsNotFilePath(newCSVGuardRuntime(v)); err != nil {
+			t.Errorf("content %q must pass through, got: %v", v, err)
+		}
+	}
+}

shortcuts/sheets/data/flag-defs.json

@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@
         "kind": "own",
         "type": "int",
         "required": "optional",
-        "desc": "Insert position; appended to the end when omitted",
+        "desc": "Insert position (0-based); appended to the end when omitted",
         "default": "-1"
       },
       {
@@ -413,6 +413,86 @@
       }
     ]
   },
+  "+sheet-hide-gridline": {
+    "risk": "write",
+    "flags": [
+      {
+        "name": "url",
+        "kind": "public",
+        "type": "string",
+        "required": "xor",
+        "desc": "Spreadsheet URL (XOR with `--spreadsheet-token`)"
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "spreadsheet-token",
+        "kind": "public",
+        "type": "string",
+        "required": "xor",
+        "desc": "Spreadsheet token (XOR with `--url`)"
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "sheet-id",
+        "kind": "public",
+        "type": "string",
+        "required": "xor",
+        "desc": "Sheet reference_id (XOR with `--sheet-name`)"
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "sheet-name",
+        "kind": "public",
+        "type": "string",
+        "required": "xor",
+        "desc": "Sheet name (XOR with `--sheet-id`)"
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "dry-run",
+        "kind": "system",
+        "type": "bool",
+        "required": "optional",
+        "desc": ""
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "+sheet-show-gridline": {
+    "risk": "write",
+    "flags": [
+      {
+        "name": "url",
+        "kind": "public",
+        "type": "string",
+        "required": "xor",
+        "desc": "Spreadsheet URL (XOR with `--spreadsheet-token`)"
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "spreadsheet-token",
+        "kind": "public",
+        "type": "string",
+        "required": "xor",
+        "desc": "Spreadsheet token (XOR with `--url`)"
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "sheet-id",
+        "kind": "public",
+        "type": "string",
+        "required": "xor",
+        "desc": "Sheet reference_id (XOR with `--sheet-name`)"
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "sheet-name",
+        "kind": "public",
+        "type": "string",
+        "required": "xor",
+        "desc": "Sheet name (XOR with `--sheet-id`)"
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "dry-run",
+        "kind": "system",
+        "type": "bool",
+        "required": "optional",
+        "desc": ""
+      }
+    ]
+  },
   "+workbook-create": {
     "risk": "write",
     "flags": [
@@ -431,22 +511,33 @@
         "desc": "Target folder token; placed at the drive root when omitted"
       },
       {
-        "name": "headers",
+        "name": "values",
         "kind": "own",
         "type": "string",
         "required": "optional",
-        "desc": "Header row as a JSON array: `[\"Col A\",\"Col B\"]`",
+        "desc": "Untyped initial data as one 2D JSON array (`[[\"alice\",95]]`); values are written as-is with their type auto-detected, through the same batched set_cell_range path as --sheets — pair with --styles for number formats, colors, merges, and row/col sizes",
         "input": [
           "file",
           "stdin"
         ]
       },
       {
-        "name": "values",
+        "name": "sheets",
         "kind": "own",
         "type": "string",
         "required": "optional",
-        "desc": "Initial data as a 2D JSON array: `[[\"alice\",95]]`",
+        "desc": "Typed table payload as JSON (same shape as `+table-put`): a top-level `sheets` array, each item `{name, start_cell?, mode?, header?, allow_overwrite?, columns:[\"colA\",\"colB\",...], data:[[...]], dtypes?:{colA:pandasDtype, ...}, formats?:{colA:numberFormat, ...}}`. Agents typically build it from a DataFrame via `{**json.loads(df.to_json(orient=\"split\")), \"dtypes\": df.dtypes.astype(str).to_dict()}`. Mutually exclusive with --values. Creates the workbook, then writes typed type-faithful data (dates land as real dates, numbers keep precision).",
+        "input": [
+          "file",
+          "stdin"
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "styles",
+        "kind": "own",
+        "type": "string",
+        "required": "optional",
+        "desc": "Initial visual operations as JSON: top-level `{styles:[...]}`. Each item corresponds to one target sheet and must include `name`, plus at least one of `cell_styles` / `row_sizes` / `col_sizes` / `cell_merges`. `cell_styles` entries use +cells-set-style fields with a cell range; row/col sizes use dimension ranges plus type/size; merges use cell ranges plus optional merge_type. With --sheets, styles array length/order/name must match --sheets.sheets. With --values, pass exactly one styles item for the initial sheet (its name is ignored).",
         "input": [
           "file",
           "stdin"
@@ -513,6 +604,32 @@
       }
     ]
   },
+  "+workbook-import": {
+    "risk": "write",
+    "flags": [
+      {
+        "name": "file",
+        "kind": "own",
+        "type": "string",
+        "required": "required",
+        "desc": "Local file path (.xlsx / .xls / .csv)"
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "folder-token",
+        "kind": "own",
+        "type": "string",
+        "required": "optional",
+        "desc": "Target folder token; imported to the cloud drive root when omitted"
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "name",
+        "kind": "own",
+        "type": "string",
+        "required": "optional",
+        "desc": "Imported spreadsheet name; defaults to the local file name without its extension"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
   "+sheet-info": {
     "risk": "read",
     "flags": [
@@ -1212,19 +1329,65 @@
         "desc": "Skip hidden rows and columns; default `false`"
       },
       {
-        "name": "rows-json",
+        "name": "dry-run",
+        "kind": "system",
+        "type": "bool",
+        "required": "optional",
+        "desc": "Print the request path and parameters without executing"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "+table-get": {
+    "risk": "read",
+    "flags": [
+      {
+        "name": "url",
+        "kind": "public",
+        "type": "string",
+        "required": "xor",
+        "desc": "Spreadsheet URL (XOR with `--spreadsheet-token`)"
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "spreadsheet-token",
+        "kind": "public",
+        "type": "string",
+        "required": "xor",
+        "desc": "Spreadsheet token (XOR with `--url`)"
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "sheet-id",
+        "kind": "own",
+        "type": "string",
+        "required": "optional",
+        "desc": "Read only this sheet (by id); omit to read all sheets"
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "sheet-name",
+        "kind": "own",
+        "type": "string",
+        "required": "optional",
+        "desc": "Read only this sheet (by name); omit to read all sheets"
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "range",
+        "kind": "own",
+        "type": "string",
+        "required": "optional",
+        "desc": "A1 range to read; omit to read each sheet current region"
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "no-header",
         "kind": "own",
         "type": "bool",
         "required": "optional",
-        "desc": "Return structured rows ({row_number, values:{col→cell}}) instead of CSV text; default false",
-        "default": "false"
+        "desc": "Treat the first row as data instead of a header (columns get positional names col1, col2, ...)"
       },
       {
         "name": "dry-run",
         "kind": "system",
         "type": "bool",
         "required": "optional",
-        "desc": "Print the request path and parameters without executing"
+        "desc": ""
       }
     ]
   },
@@ -1849,7 +2012,7 @@
         "kind": "own",
         "type": "string",
         "required": "required",
-        "desc": "RFC 4180 CSV text; plain values only (no formulas / styles / comments)",
+        "desc": "RFC 4180 CSV text; values or formulas (a leading = is evaluated as a formula); no styles / comments / images (use +cells-set for those).",
         "input": [
           "file",
           "stdin"
@@ -1880,6 +2043,43 @@
       }
     ]
   },
+  "+table-put": {
+    "risk": "write",
+    "flags": [
+      {
+        "name": "url",
+        "kind": "public",
+        "type": "string",
+        "required": "xor",
+        "desc": "Spreadsheet URL to write into (XOR with `--spreadsheet-token`)"
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "spreadsheet-token",
+        "kind": "public",
+        "type": "string",
+        "required": "xor",
+        "desc": "Spreadsheet token to write into (XOR with `--url`)"
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "sheets",
+        "kind": "own",
+        "type": "string",
+        "required": "required",
+        "desc": "Typed table payload (pandas-DataFrame-shaped) as JSON: a top-level `sheets` array, each item `{name, start_cell?, mode?, header?, allow_overwrite?, columns:[\"colA\",\"colB\",...], data:[[...]], dtypes?:{colA:pandasDtype, ...}, formats?:{colA:numberFormat, ...}}`. Agents typically build it with `{**json.loads(df.to_json(orient=\"split\")), \"dtypes\": df.dtypes.astype(str).to_dict()}`. `dtypes` values are pandas dtype strings (`int64`, `float64`, `Int64`, `bool`, `boolean`, `datetime64[ns]`, `object`, ...); the writer maps them to internal string/number/date/bool — omit `dtypes` and a column writes as text (good for raw CSV-shaped data). `formats[col]` is an Excel number_format string (e.g. `#,##0.00`, `0.0%`, `yyyy-mm`); when absent, date columns default to `yyyy-mm-dd` and string columns to text format (`@`).",
+        "input": [
+          "file",
+          "stdin"
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "dry-run",
+        "kind": "system",
+        "type": "bool",
+        "required": "optional",
+        "desc": ""
+      }
+    ]
+  },
   "+cells-clear": {
     "risk": "high-risk-write",
     "flags": [

shortcuts/sheets/data/flag-schemas.json

@@ -1730,11 +1730,12 @@
                             },
                             "aggregateType": {
                               "type": "string",
-                              "description": "汇总方式，默认为'sum'，仅在 aggregate 为 true 时生效",
+                              "description": "汇总方式，默认为'sum'，仅在 aggregate 为 true 时生效。count 只统计数值单元格；counta 统计所有非空单元格（含文本），按文本/分类列统计出现次数（如各类别的数量、频次分布）时用 counta。",
                               "enum": [
                                 "sum",
                                 "average",
                                 "count",
+                                "counta",
                                 "min",
                                 "max",
                                 "median"
@@ -1787,11 +1788,7 @@
               "data"
             ]
           }
-        },
-        "required": [
-          "position",
-          "size"
-        ]
+        }
       }
     },
     "+chart-update": {
@@ -2769,11 +2766,12 @@
                             },
                             "aggregateType": {
                               "type": "string",
-                              "description": "汇总方式，默认为'sum'，仅在 aggregate 为 true 时生效",
+                              "description": "汇总方式，默认为'sum'，仅在 aggregate 为 true 时生效。count 只统计数值单元格；counta 统计所有非空单元格（含文本），按文本/分类列统计出现次数（如各类别的数量、频次分布）时用 counta。",
                               "enum": [
                                 "sum",
                                 "average",
                                 "count",
+                                "counta",
                                 "min",
                                 "max",
                                 "median"
@@ -2826,11 +2824,7 @@
               "data"
             ]
           }
-        },
-        "required": [
-          "position",
-          "size"
-        ]
+        }
       }
     },
     "+cond-format-create": {
@@ -6249,6 +6243,457 @@
           }
         }
       }
+    },
+    "+table-put": {
+      "sheets": {
+        "type": "array",
+        "minItems": 1,
+        "description": "一个或多个子表的 typed 数据，每个数组元素写入一张子表；支持多 DataFrame → 多子表一次写入。整体形状对齐 pandas `df.to_json(orient=\"split\")`：列名走 `columns`、二维取值走 `data`、每列的 pandas dtype 走 `dtypes`、可选的展示格式走 `formats`。一行式用法：`{**json.loads(df.to_json(orient=\"split\")), \"dtypes\": df.dtypes.astype(str).to_dict()}`。",
+        "items": {
+          "type": "object",
+          "required": [
+            "name",
+            "columns",
+            "data"
+          ],
+          "properties": {
+            "name": {
+              "type": "string",
+              "description": "目标子表名。按名匹配已有子表；不存在则新建该子表。同一次调用内子表名不可重复。"
+            },
+            "start_cell": {
+              "type": "string",
+              "default": "A1",
+              "description": "写入起点单元格（A1 记法，如 \"B2\"），默认 \"A1\"。mode=append 时忽略其行号、仅沿用其列。"
+            },
+            "mode": {
+              "type": "string",
+              "enum": [
+                "overwrite",
+                "append"
+              ],
+              "default": "overwrite",
+              "description": "overwrite（默认）：从 start_cell 起写「表头 + 数据」块；append：把数据追加到子表已有数据下方（默认不重复表头）。"
+            },
+            "header": {
+              "type": "boolean",
+              "description": "是否写一行列名表头。省略时按 mode 取默认:overwrite→true、append→false（避免在已有表头下重复）；显式给值可覆盖。"
+            },
+            "allow_overwrite": {
+              "type": "boolean",
+              "default": true,
+              "description": "为 false 时，若写入会落在非空单元格则拒写以保护原数据（返回 partial_success）。默认 true。"
+            },
+            "columns": {
+              "type": "array",
+              "minItems": 1,
+              "description": "列名字符串数组，顺序与 `data` 中每行取值一一对应。同一子表内列名不可重复。",
+              "items": {
+                "type": "string"
+              }
+            },
+            "data": {
+              "type": "array",
+              "description": "数据行；每行是一个数组，长度必须等于 `columns` 数。元素按 `dtypes` 推得的列类型取值（date 列写 ISO yyyy-mm-dd 字符串、number 列写数值、bool 列写布尔、其余写文本），null 表示空单元格。",
+              "items": {
+                "type": "array",
+                "items": {
+                  "type": [
+                    "string",
+                    "number",
+                    "boolean",
+                    "null"
+                  ],
+                  "description": "单元格值：date→ISO yyyy-mm-dd 字符串；number→数值（json.Number 精度保留）；bool→布尔；string→文本；null→空单元格。"
+                }
+              }
+            },
+            "dtypes": {
+              "type": "object",
+              "description": "可选。列名 → pandas dtype 字符串的映射；缺失项默认按 object（string + 文本格式 `@`）处理，所以省略整段时整张表按文本写入（导入 CSV-shaped 数据的最简形态）。dtype 解析规则：`int*` / `uint*` / `Int*` / `UInt*` / `float*` / `Float*` / `complex*` → number（精度保留），`bool` / `boolean` → bool，`datetime64[ns]` / 含时区的 `datetime64[ns, UTC]` 等 → date（默认 `yyyy-mm-dd` 格式），`object` / `string` / `category` / 未识别 → string + 文本格式 `@`（数字样字符串如「00123」不会塌缩成数字）。",
+              "additionalProperties": {
+                "type": "string"
+              }
+            },
+            "formats": {
+              "type": "object",
+              "description": "可选。列名 → Excel number_format 字符串的映射，覆盖 dtype 自带的默认格式（金额 `#,##0.00`、百分比 `0.0%`、自定义日期 `yyyy-mm` 等）。percent 列的数值尺度由调用方负责（0.0469 配 `0.00%` 显示 4.69%）。",
+              "additionalProperties": {
+                "type": "string"
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    "+workbook-create": {
+      "sheets": {
+        "type": "array",
+        "minItems": 1,
+        "description": "一个或多个子表的 typed 数据，每个数组元素写入一张子表；支持多 DataFrame → 多子表一次写入。整体形状对齐 pandas `df.to_json(orient=\"split\")`：列名走 `columns`、二维取值走 `data`、每列的 pandas dtype 走 `dtypes`、可选的展示格式走 `formats`。一行式用法：`{**json.loads(df.to_json(orient=\"split\")), \"dtypes\": df.dtypes.astype(str).to_dict()}`。",
+        "items": {
+          "type": "object",
+          "required": [
+            "name",
+            "columns",
+            "data"
+          ],
+          "properties": {
+            "name": {
+              "type": "string",
+              "description": "目标子表名。按名匹配已有子表；不存在则新建该子表。同一次调用内子表名不可重复。"
+            },
+            "start_cell": {
+              "type": "string",
+              "default": "A1",
+              "description": "写入起点单元格（A1 记法，如 \"B2\"），默认 \"A1\"。mode=append 时忽略其行号、仅沿用其列。"
+            },
+            "mode": {
+              "type": "string",
+              "enum": [
+                "overwrite",
+                "append"
+              ],
+              "default": "overwrite",
+              "description": "overwrite（默认）：从 start_cell 起写「表头 + 数据」块；append：把数据追加到子表已有数据下方（默认不重复表头）。"
+            },
+            "header": {
+              "type": "boolean",
+              "description": "是否写一行列名表头。省略时按 mode 取默认:overwrite→true、append→false（避免在已有表头下重复）；显式给值可覆盖。"
+            },
+            "allow_overwrite": {
+              "type": "boolean",
+              "default": true,
+              "description": "为 false 时，若写入会落在非空单元格则拒写以保护原数据（返回 partial_success）。默认 true。"
+            },
+            "columns": {
+              "type": "array",
+              "minItems": 1,
+              "description": "列名字符串数组，顺序与 `data` 中每行取值一一对应。同一子表内列名不可重复。",
+              "items": {
+                "type": "string"
+              }
+            },
+            "data": {
+              "type": "array",
+              "description": "数据行；每行是一个数组，长度必须等于 `columns` 数。元素按 `dtypes` 推得的列类型取值（date 列写 ISO yyyy-mm-dd 字符串、number 列写数值、bool 列写布尔、其余写文本），null 表示空单元格。",
+              "items": {
+                "type": "array",
+                "items": {
+                  "type": [
+                    "string",
+                    "number",
+                    "boolean",
+                    "null"
+                  ],
+                  "description": "单元格值：date→ISO yyyy-mm-dd 字符串；number→数值（json.Number 精度保留）；bool→布尔；string→文本；null→空单元格。"
+                }
+              }
+            },
+            "dtypes": {
+              "type": "object",
+              "description": "可选。列名 → pandas dtype 字符串的映射；缺失项默认按 object（string + 文本格式 `@`）处理，所以省略整段时整张表按文本写入（导入 CSV-shaped 数据的最简形态）。dtype 解析规则：`int*` / `uint*` / `Int*` / `UInt*` / `float*` / `Float*` / `complex*` → number（精度保留），`bool` / `boolean` → bool，`datetime64[ns]` / 含时区的 `datetime64[ns, UTC]` 等 → date（默认 `yyyy-mm-dd` 格式），`object` / `string` / `category` / 未识别 → string + 文本格式 `@`（数字样字符串如「00123」不会塌缩成数字）。",
+              "additionalProperties": {
+                "type": "string"
+              }
+            },
+            "formats": {
+              "type": "object",
+              "description": "可选。列名 → Excel number_format 字符串的映射，覆盖 dtype 自带的默认格式（金额 `#,##0.00`、百分比 `0.0%`、自定义日期 `yyyy-mm` 等）。percent 列的数值尺度由调用方负责（0.0469 配 `0.00%` 显示 4.69%）。",
+              "additionalProperties": {
+                "type": "string"
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      },
+      "styles": {
+        "items": {
+          "properties": {
+            "cell_merges": {
+              "description": "单元格合并操作数组；range 使用 A1 单元格范围，merge_type 默认 all。",
+              "items": {
+                "properties": {
+                  "merge_type": {
+                    "enum": [
+                      "all",
+                      "rows",
+                      "columns"
+                    ],
+                    "type": "string"
+                  },
+                  "range": {
+                    "type": "string"
+                  }
+                },
+                "required": [
+                  "range"
+                ],
+                "type": "object"
+              },
+              "type": "array"
+            },
+            "cell_styles": {
+              "description": "单元格样式操作数组；每项用 A1 单元格 range 指定范围，字段名与 +cells-set-style 对齐。",
+              "items": {
+                "properties": {
+                  "background_color": {
+                    "type": "string"
+                  },
+                  "border_styles": {
+                    "type": "object",
+                    "description": "边框配置，结构同 +cells-set-style --border-styles。",
+                    "properties": {
+                      "bottom": {
+                        "properties": {
+                          "color": {
+                            "description": "边框颜色（十六进制，例如 \"#000000\"）",
+                            "type": "string"
+                          },
+                          "style": {
+                            "description": "边框线型；传 \"none\" 表示清除该方向边框（无边框线）",
+                            "enum": [
+                              "solid",
+                              "dashed",
+                              "dotted",
+                              "double",
+                              "none"
+                            ],
+                            "type": "string"
+                          },
+                          "weight": {
+                            "description": "边框粗细/线宽",
+                            "enum": [
+                              "thin",
+                              "medium",
+                              "thick"
+                            ],
+                            "type": "string"
+                          }
+                        },
+                        "type": "object"
+                      },
+                      "left": {
+                        "properties": {
+                          "color": {
+                            "description": "边框颜色（十六进制，例如 \"#000000\"）",
+                            "type": "string"
+                          },
+                          "style": {
+                            "description": "边框线型；传 \"none\" 表示清除该方向边框（无边框线）",
+                            "enum": [
+                              "solid",
+                              "dashed",
+                              "dotted",
+                              "double",
+                              "none"
+                            ],
+                            "type": "string"
+                          },
+                          "weight": {
+                            "description": "边框粗细/线宽",
+                            "enum": [
+                              "thin",
+                              "medium",
+                              "thick"
+                            ],
+                            "type": "string"
+                          }
+                        },
+                        "type": "object"
+                      },
+                      "right": {
+                        "properties": {
+                          "color": {
+                            "description": "边框颜色（十六进制，例如 \"#000000\"）",
+                            "type": "string"
+                          },
+                          "style": {
+                            "description": "边框线型；传 \"none\" 表示清除该方向边框（无边框线）",
+                            "enum": [
+                              "solid",
+                              "dashed",
+                              "dotted",
+                              "double",
+                              "none"
+                            ],
+                            "type": "string"
+                          },
+                          "weight": {
+                            "description": "边框粗细/线宽",
+                            "enum": [
+                              "thin",
+                              "medium",
+                              "thick"
+                            ],
+                            "type": "string"
+                          }
+                        },
+                        "type": "object"
+                      },
+                      "top": {
+                        "properties": {
+                          "color": {
+                            "description": "边框颜色（十六进制，例如 \"#000000\"）",
+                            "type": "string"
+                          },
+                          "style": {
+                            "description": "边框线型；传 \"none\" 表示清除该方向边框（无边框线）",
+                            "enum": [
+                              "solid",
+                              "dashed",
+                              "dotted",
+                              "double",
+                              "none"
+                            ],
+                            "type": "string"
+                          },
+                          "weight": {
+                            "description": "边框粗细/线宽",
+                            "enum": [
+                              "thin",
+                              "medium",
+                              "thick"
+                            ],
+                            "type": "string"
+                          }
+                        },
+                        "type": "object"
+                      }
+                    }
+                  },
+                  "font_color": {
+                    "type": "string"
+                  },
+                  "font_line": {
+                    "enum": [
+                      "none",
+                      "underline",
+                      "line-through"
+                    ],
+                    "type": "string"
+                  },
+                  "font_size": {
+                    "type": "number"
+                  },
+                  "font_style": {
+                    "enum": [
+                      "normal",
+                      "italic"
+                    ],
+                    "type": "string"
+                  },
+                  "font_weight": {
+                    "enum": [
+                      "normal",
+                      "bold"
+                    ],
+                    "type": "string"
+                  },
+                  "horizontal_alignment": {
+                    "enum": [
+                      "left",
+                      "center",
+                      "right"
+                    ],
+                    "type": "string"
+                  },
+                  "number_format": {
+                    "type": "string"
+                  },
+                  "range": {
+                    "description": "A1 单元格范围，必须落在该子表本次写入区域内；例如 A1:B1、B2。",
+                    "type": "string"
+                  },
+                  "vertical_alignment": {
+                    "enum": [
+                      "top",
+                      "middle",
+                      "bottom"
+                    ],
+                    "type": "string"
+                  },
+                  "word_wrap": {
+                    "enum": [
+                      "overflow",
+                      "auto-wrap",
+                      "word-clip"
+                    ],
+                    "type": "string"
+                  }
+                },
+                "required": [
+                  "range"
+                ],
+                "type": "object"
+              },
+              "type": "array"
+            },
+            "col_sizes": {
+              "description": "列宽操作数组；range 使用列范围如 A:C，type 为 pixel/standard，pixel 需要 size。",
+              "items": {
+                "properties": {
+                  "range": {
+                    "type": "string"
+                  },
+                  "size": {
+                    "type": "number"
+                  },
+                  "type": {
+                    "enum": [
+                      "pixel",
+                      "standard"
+                    ],
+                    "type": "string"
+                  }
+                },
+                "required": [
+                  "range",
+                  "type"
+                ],
+                "type": "object"
+              },
+              "type": "array"
+            },
+            "name": {
+              "description": "子表名。--sheets 模式下必须与同位置 --sheets.sheets[].name 一致；--values 模式下建议写 Sheet1（其 name 会被忽略）。",
+              "type": "string"
+            },
+            "row_sizes": {
+              "description": "行高操作数组；range 使用行范围如 1:3，type 为 pixel/standard/auto，pixel 需要 size。",
+              "items": {
+                "properties": {
+                  "range": {
+                    "type": "string"
+                  },
+                  "size": {
+                    "type": "number"
+                  },
+                  "type": {
+                    "enum": [
+                      "pixel",
+                      "standard",
+                      "auto"
+                    ],
+                    "type": "string"
+                  }
+                },
+                "required": [
+                  "range",
+                  "type"
+                ],
+                "type": "object"
+              },
+              "type": "array"
+            }
+          },
+          "required": [
+            "name"
+          ],
+          "type": "object"
+        },
+        "type": "array"
+      }
     }
   }
 }

shortcuts/sheets/execute_paths_test.go

@@ -364,14 +364,17 @@ func TestExecute_WorkbookCreate(t *testing.T) {
 			},
 		},
 	}
-	// Initial fill first reads the workbook structure to resolve the default
-	// sheet's id (the create response doesn't echo it), then writes.
+	// The write reads the workbook structure to resolve the default sheet's id
+	// (the create response doesn't echo it). lookupFirstSheetID and
+	// writeTypedSheets' listSheetIDsByName both read it — one reusable stub serves
+	// both. The synthesized sheet is named "Sheet1", matching the default sheet,
+	// so it's adopted in place (no rename).
 	structure := toolOutputStub("shtcnBRAND", "read", `{"sheets":[{"sheet_id":"shtFirst","sheet_name":"Sheet1","index":0}]}`)
+	structure.Reusable = true
 	fill := toolOutputStub("shtcnBRAND", "write", `{"updated_cells":4}`)
 	out, err := runShortcutWithStubs(t, WorkbookCreate, []string{
 		"--title", "Sales",
-		"--headers", `["Name","Score"]`,
-		"--values", `[["alice",95]]`,
+		"--values", `[["Name","Score"],["alice",95]]`,
 	}, create, structure, fill)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("execute failed: %v\nout=%s", err, out)
@@ -381,8 +384,8 @@ func TestExecute_WorkbookCreate(t *testing.T) {
 	if ss["spreadsheet_token"] != "shtcnBRAND" {
 		t.Errorf("spreadsheet_token = %v", ss["spreadsheet_token"])
 	}
-	if data["initial_fill"] == nil {
-		t.Errorf("initial_fill missing in envelope")
+	if sheets, _ := data["sheets"].([]interface{}); len(sheets) != 1 {
+		t.Errorf("sheets summary missing in envelope; got %#v", data["sheets"])
 	}
 	// The fill must target the resolved first sheet, not an empty selector.
 	fillInput := decodeToolInput(t, decodeRawEnvelopeBody(t, fill.CapturedBody), "set_cell_range")
@@ -392,14 +395,13 @@ func TestExecute_WorkbookCreate(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 // TestExecute_WorkbookCreate_EmptyArraysSkipFill locks the fix for the nil-map
-// panic / illegal-range bug: --values '[]' or --headers '[]' must short-circuit
-// the initial fill (no structure/fill calls fire) and finish with the
-// spreadsheet created but no initial_fill — never panic on a nil fill map.
+// panic / illegal-range bug: --values '[]' must short-circuit the initial fill
+// (no structure/fill calls fire) and finish with the spreadsheet created but no
+// sheets summary — never panic on a nil payload.
 func TestExecute_WorkbookCreate_EmptyArraysSkipFill(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 	for _, tc := range []struct{ name, flag, val string }{
 		{"empty values", "--values", "[]"},
-		{"empty headers", "--headers", "[]"},
 	} {
 		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
 			t.Parallel()
@@ -420,8 +422,8 @@ func TestExecute_WorkbookCreate_EmptyArraysSkipFill(t *testing.T) {
 				t.Fatalf("execute failed: %v\nout=%s", err, out)
 			}
 			data := decodeEnvelopeData(t, out)
-			if data["initial_fill"] != nil {
-				t.Errorf("initial_fill should be absent for %s %s; got %#v", tc.flag, tc.val, data["initial_fill"])
+			if data["sheets"] != nil {
+				t.Errorf("sheets should be absent for %s %s; got %#v", tc.flag, tc.val, data["sheets"])
 			}
 			if ss, _ := data["spreadsheet"].(map[string]interface{}); ss["spreadsheet_token"] != "shtNEW" {
 				t.Errorf("spreadsheet_token = %v, want shtNEW", ss["spreadsheet_token"])

shortcuts/sheets/flag_defs_gen.go

@@ -308,7 +308,6 @@ var flagDefs = map[string]commandDef{
 			{Name: "max-chars", Kind: "own", Type: "int", Required: "optional", Desc: "Safety cap; default 200000", Default: "200000", Hidden: true},
 			{Name: "include-row-prefix", Kind: "own", Type: "bool", Required: "optional", Desc: "Whether to prefix each row with `[row=N]`; default `true`", Default: "true"},
 			{Name: "skip-hidden", Kind: "own", Type: "bool", Required: "optional", Desc: "Skip hidden rows and columns; default `false`"},
-			{Name: "rows-json", Kind: "own", Type: "bool", Required: "optional", Desc: "Return structured rows ({row_number, values:{col→cell}}) instead of CSV text; default false", Default: "false"},
 			{Name: "dry-run", Kind: "system", Type: "bool", Required: "optional", Desc: "Print the request path and parameters without executing"},
 		},
 	},
@@ -320,7 +319,7 @@ var flagDefs = map[string]commandDef{
 			{Name: "sheet-id", Kind: "public", Type: "string", Required: "xor", Desc: "Sheet reference_id (XOR with `--sheet-name`)"},
 			{Name: "sheet-name", Kind: "public", Type: "string", Required: "xor", Desc: "Sheet name (XOR with `--sheet-id`)"},
 			{Name: "start-cell", Kind: "own", Type: "string", Required: "required", Desc: "Top-left A1 anchor (e.g. `A1`, `B5`; no sheet prefix — use `--sheet-id` / `--sheet-name` to select the sheet); must be a single cell, range notation not accepted; the bottom-right is inferred from CSV row/column counts", Default: "A1"},
-			{Name: "csv", Kind: "own", Type: "string", Required: "required", Desc: "RFC 4180 CSV text; plain values only (no formulas / styles / comments)", Input: []string{"file", "stdin"}},
+			{Name: "csv", Kind: "own", Type: "string", Required: "required", Desc: "RFC 4180 CSV text; values or formulas (a leading = is evaluated as a formula); no styles / comments / images (use +cells-set for those).", Input: []string{"file", "stdin"}},
 			{Name: "allow-overwrite", Kind: "own", Type: "bool", Required: "optional", Desc: "Allow overwriting (default true); set false to error if any target cell is non-empty", Default: "true"},
 			{Name: "range", Kind: "own", Type: "string", Required: "optional", Desc: "alias for --start-cell (parity with +csv-get / +cells-set, which locate with --range); a range like A1:H17 collapses to its top-left cell", Hidden: true},
 			{Name: "dry-run", Kind: "system", Type: "bool", Required: "optional"},
@@ -766,7 +765,7 @@ var flagDefs = map[string]commandDef{
 			{Name: "url", Kind: "public", Type: "string", Required: "xor", Desc: "Spreadsheet URL (XOR with `--spreadsheet-token`)"},
 			{Name: "spreadsheet-token", Kind: "public", Type: "string", Required: "xor", Desc: "Spreadsheet token (XOR with `--url`)"},
 			{Name: "title", Kind: "own", Type: "string", Required: "required", Desc: "New sheet title"},
-			{Name: "index", Kind: "own", Type: "int", Required: "optional", Desc: "Insert position; appended to the end when omitted", Default: "-1"},
+			{Name: "index", Kind: "own", Type: "int", Required: "optional", Desc: "Insert position (0-based); appended to the end when omitted", Default: "-1"},
 			{Name: "row-count", Kind: "own", Type: "int", Required: "optional", Desc: "Initial row count (default 200, max 50000)", Default: "200"},
 			{Name: "col-count", Kind: "own", Type: "int", Required: "optional", Desc: "Initial column count (default 20, max 200)", Default: "20"},
 			{Name: "dry-run", Kind: "system", Type: "bool", Required: "optional"},
@@ -793,6 +792,16 @@ var flagDefs = map[string]commandDef{
 			{Name: "dry-run", Kind: "system", Type: "bool", Required: "optional"},
 		},
 	},
+	"+sheet-hide-gridline": {
+		Risk: "write",
+		Flags: []flagDef{
+			{Name: "url", Kind: "public", Type: "string", Required: "xor", Desc: "Spreadsheet URL (XOR with `--spreadsheet-token`)"},
+			{Name: "spreadsheet-token", Kind: "public", Type: "string", Required: "xor", Desc: "Spreadsheet token (XOR with `--url`)"},
+			{Name: "sheet-id", Kind: "public", Type: "string", Required: "xor", Desc: "Sheet reference_id (XOR with `--sheet-name`)"},
+			{Name: "sheet-name", Kind: "public", Type: "string", Required: "xor", Desc: "Sheet name (XOR with `--sheet-id`)"},
+			{Name: "dry-run", Kind: "system", Type: "bool", Required: "optional"},
+		},
+	},
 	"+sheet-info": {
 		Risk: "read",
 		Flags: []flagDef{
@@ -839,6 +848,16 @@ var flagDefs = map[string]commandDef{
 			{Name: "dry-run", Kind: "system", Type: "bool", Required: "optional"},
 		},
 	},
+	"+sheet-show-gridline": {
+		Risk: "write",
+		Flags: []flagDef{
+			{Name: "url", Kind: "public", Type: "string", Required: "xor", Desc: "Spreadsheet URL (XOR with `--spreadsheet-token`)"},
+			{Name: "spreadsheet-token", Kind: "public", Type: "string", Required: "xor", Desc: "Spreadsheet token (XOR with `--url`)"},
+			{Name: "sheet-id", Kind: "public", Type: "string", Required: "xor", Desc: "Sheet reference_id (XOR with `--sheet-name`)"},
+			{Name: "sheet-name", Kind: "public", Type: "string", Required: "xor", Desc: "Sheet name (XOR with `--sheet-id`)"},
+			{Name: "dry-run", Kind: "system", Type: "bool", Required: "optional"},
+		},
+	},
 	"+sheet-unhide": {
 		Risk: "write",
 		Flags: []flagDef{
@@ -895,13 +914,35 @@ var flagDefs = map[string]commandDef{
 			{Name: "dry-run", Kind: "system", Type: "bool", Required: "optional"},
 		},
 	},
+	"+table-get": {
+		Risk: "read",
+		Flags: []flagDef{
+			{Name: "url", Kind: "public", Type: "string", Required: "xor", Desc: "Spreadsheet URL (XOR with `--spreadsheet-token`)"},
+			{Name: "spreadsheet-token", Kind: "public", Type: "string", Required: "xor", Desc: "Spreadsheet token (XOR with `--url`)"},
+			{Name: "sheet-id", Kind: "own", Type: "string", Required: "optional", Desc: "Read only this sheet (by id); omit to read all sheets"},
+			{Name: "sheet-name", Kind: "own", Type: "string", Required: "optional", Desc: "Read only this sheet (by name); omit to read all sheets"},
+			{Name: "range", Kind: "own", Type: "string", Required: "optional", Desc: "A1 range to read; omit to read each sheet current region"},
+			{Name: "no-header", Kind: "own", Type: "bool", Required: "optional", Desc: "Treat the first row as data instead of a header (columns get positional names col1, col2, ...)"},
+			{Name: "dry-run", Kind: "system", Type: "bool", Required: "optional"},
+		},
+	},
+	"+table-put": {
+		Risk: "write",
+		Flags: []flagDef{
+			{Name: "url", Kind: "public", Type: "string", Required: "xor", Desc: "Spreadsheet URL to write into (XOR with `--spreadsheet-token`)"},
+			{Name: "spreadsheet-token", Kind: "public", Type: "string", Required: "xor", Desc: "Spreadsheet token to write into (XOR with `--url`)"},
+			{Name: "sheets", Kind: "own", Type: "string", Required: "required", Desc: "Typed table payload (pandas-DataFrame-shaped) as JSON: a top-level `sheets` array, each item `{name, start_cell?, mode?, header?, allow_overwrite?, columns:[\"colA\",\"colB\",...], data:[[...]], dtypes?:{colA:pandasDtype, ...}, formats?:{colA:numberFormat, ...}}`. Agents typically build it with `{**json.loads(df.to_json(orient=\"split\")), \"dtypes\": df.dtypes.astype(str).to_dict()}`. `dtypes` values are pandas dtype strings (`int64`, `float64`, `Int64`, `bool`, `boolean`, `datetime64[ns]`, `object`, ...); the writer maps them to internal string/number/date/bool — omit `dtypes` and a column writes as text (good for raw CSV-shaped data). `formats[col]` is an Excel number_format string (e.g. `#,##0.00`, `0.0%`, `yyyy-mm`); when absent, date columns default to `yyyy-mm-dd` and string columns to text format (`@`).", Input: []string{"file", "stdin"}},
+			{Name: "dry-run", Kind: "system", Type: "bool", Required: "optional"},
+		},
+	},
 	"+workbook-create": {
 		Risk: "write",
 		Flags: []flagDef{
 			{Name: "title", Kind: "own", Type: "string", Required: "required", Desc: "Spreadsheet title"},
 			{Name: "folder-token", Kind: "own", Type: "string", Required: "optional", Desc: "Target folder token; placed at the drive root when omitted"},
-			{Name: "headers", Kind: "own", Type: "string", Required: "optional", Desc: "Header row as a JSON array: `[\"Col A\",\"Col B\"]`", Input: []string{"file", "stdin"}},
-			{Name: "values", Kind: "own", Type: "string", Required: "optional", Desc: "Initial data as a 2D JSON array: `[[\"alice\",95]]`", Input: []string{"file", "stdin"}},
+			{Name: "values", Kind: "own", Type: "string", Required: "optional", Desc: "Untyped initial data as one 2D JSON array (`[[\"alice\",95]]`); values are written as-is with their type auto-detected, through the same batched set_cell_range path as --sheets — pair with --styles for number formats, colors, merges, and row/col sizes", Input: []string{"file", "stdin"}},
+			{Name: "sheets", Kind: "own", Type: "string", Required: "optional", Desc: "Typed table payload as JSON (same shape as `+table-put`): a top-level `sheets` array, each item `{name, start_cell?, mode?, header?, allow_overwrite?, columns:[\"colA\",\"colB\",...], data:[[...]], dtypes?:{colA:pandasDtype, ...}, formats?:{colA:numberFormat, ...}}`. Agents typically build it from a DataFrame via `{**json.loads(df.to_json(orient=\"split\")), \"dtypes\": df.dtypes.astype(str).to_dict()}`. Mutually exclusive with --values. Creates the workbook, then writes typed type-faithful data (dates land as real dates, numbers keep precision).", Input: []string{"file", "stdin"}},
+			{Name: "styles", Kind: "own", Type: "string", Required: "optional", Desc: "Initial visual operations as JSON: top-level `{styles:[...]}`. Each item corresponds to one target sheet and must include `name`, plus at least one of `cell_styles` / `row_sizes` / `col_sizes` / `cell_merges`. `cell_styles` entries use +cells-set-style fields with a cell range; row/col sizes use dimension ranges plus type/size; merges use cell ranges plus optional merge_type. With --sheets, styles array length/order/name must match --sheets.sheets. With --values, pass exactly one styles item for the initial sheet (its name is ignored).", Input: []string{"file", "stdin"}},
 			{Name: "dry-run", Kind: "system", Type: "bool", Required: "optional"},
 		},
 	},
@@ -916,6 +957,14 @@ var flagDefs = map[string]commandDef{
 			{Name: "dry-run", Kind: "system", Type: "bool", Required: "optional"},
 		},
 	},
+	"+workbook-import": {
+		Risk: "write",
+		Flags: []flagDef{
+			{Name: "file", Kind: "own", Type: "string", Required: "required", Desc: "Local file path (.xlsx / .xls / .csv)"},
+			{Name: "folder-token", Kind: "own", Type: "string", Required: "optional", Desc: "Target folder token; imported to the cloud drive root when omitted"},
+			{Name: "name", Kind: "own", Type: "string", Required: "optional", Desc: "Imported spreadsheet name; defaults to the local file name without its extension"},
+		},
+	},
 	"+workbook-info": {
 		Risk: "read",
 		Flags: []flagDef{

shortcuts/sheets/flag_schema_validate.go

@@ -65,6 +65,7 @@ func validateParsedJSONFlag(fv flagView, name string, value interface{}) error {
 var parseJSONFlagSkip = map[string]struct{}{
 	"properties": {},
 	"operations": {},
+	"styles":     {},
 }
 
 // validateValueAgainstSchema is the (command, flag) → schema → check

shortcuts/sheets/flag_schemas_gen.go

@@ -32,4 +32,6 @@ var commandsWithSchema = map[string]struct{}{
 	"+range-sort":            {},
 	"+sparkline-create":      {},
 	"+sparkline-update":      {},
+	"+table-put":             {},
+	"+workbook-create":       {},
 }

shortcuts/sheets/lark_sheet_object_crud.go

@@ -49,6 +49,12 @@ type objectCRUDSpec struct {
 	// right nesting level.
 	enhanceCreateInput func(rt flagView, input map[string]interface{})
 	enhanceUpdateInput func(rt flagView, input map[string]interface{})
+	// validateCreateInput, when set, runs after enhanceCreateInput to
+	// enforce *cross-flag, create-only* constraints JSON Schema can't
+	// express (e.g. pivot rejects --target-position vs --range when
+	// both carry non-default values — they map to the same wire field
+	// and conflicting values are ambiguous). Mirrors validateUpdateInput.
+	validateCreateInput func(rt flagView, input map[string]interface{}) error
 	// validateUpdateInput, when set, runs after enhanceUpdateInput to
 	// enforce *cross-field, update-only* constraints JSON Schema can't
 	// express (e.g. sparkline requires properties.sparklines[i] to
@@ -190,6 +196,11 @@ func objectCreateInput(runtime flagView, token, sheetID, sheetName string, spec
 	if spec.enhanceCreateInput != nil {
 		spec.enhanceCreateInput(runtime, input)
 	}
+	if spec.validateCreateInput != nil {
+		if err := spec.validateCreateInput(runtime, input); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+	}
 	if err := validateInputAgainstSchema(runtime, input); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -381,9 +392,6 @@ var pivotSpec = objectCRUDSpec{
 	},
 	createWarn: pivotPlacementWarn,
 	enhanceCreateInput: func(rt flagView, input map[string]interface{}) {
-		if v := strings.TrimSpace(rt.Str("target-position")); v != "" && v != "A1" {
-			input["target_position"] = v
-		}
 		props, _ := input["properties"].(map[string]interface{})
 		if props == nil {
 			return
@@ -391,10 +399,26 @@ var pivotSpec = objectCRUDSpec{
 		if v := strings.TrimSpace(rt.Str("source")); v != "" {
 			props["source"] = v
 		}
-		if v := strings.TrimSpace(rt.Str("range")); v != "" {
+		// --target-position 与 --range 都映射到 properties.range；
+		// --target-position 优先，未给（或为默认值 A1）时回落到 --range。
+		// 互斥校验在 validateCreateInput 里做。
+		if v := strings.TrimSpace(rt.Str("target-position")); v != "" && v != "A1" {
+			props["range"] = v
+		} else if v := strings.TrimSpace(rt.Str("range")); v != "" {
 			props["range"] = v
 		}
 	},
+	// --target-position 与 --range 落到同一 wire 字段（properties.range），
+	// 同时给非默认值时无法判断意图——按 --target-sheet-id / --target-sheet-name
+	// 的处理方式，CLI 端直接拒绝（优于静默丢弃其一）。
+	validateCreateInput: func(rt flagView, _ map[string]interface{}) error {
+		pos := strings.TrimSpace(rt.Str("target-position"))
+		rng := strings.TrimSpace(rt.Str("range"))
+		if pos != "" && pos != "A1" && rng != "" {
+			return common.FlagErrorf("--target-position and --range are mutually exclusive (both map to properties.range; pass only one)")
+		}
+		return nil
+	},
 }
 var PivotCreate = newObjectCreateShortcut(pivotSpec)
 var PivotUpdate = newObjectUpdateShortcut(pivotSpec)

shortcuts/sheets/lark_sheet_object_crud_test.go

@@ -137,25 +137,24 @@ func TestObjectCRUDShortcuts_DryRun(t *testing.T) {
 		// covered separately in the +pivot-create empty-selector / mutex
 		// tests below.
 		{
-			name: "+pivot-create with placement / source / range flags",
+			name: "+pivot-create with placement / source / target-position flags",
 			sc:   PivotCreate,
 			args: []string{
 				"--url", testURL, "--target-sheet-id", testSheetID,
 				"--properties", `{"rows":[{"field":"A"}]}`,
 				"--source", "Sheet1!A1:F1000",
-				"--range", "F1",
 				"--target-position", "B5",
 			},
 			toolName: "manage_pivot_table_object",
 			wantInput: map[string]interface{}{
-				"excel_id":        testToken,
-				"sheet_id":        testSheetID,
-				"operation":       "create",
-				"target_position": "B5",
+				"excel_id":  testToken,
+				"sheet_id":  testSheetID,
+				"operation": "create",
 				"properties": map[string]interface{}{
 					"rows":   []interface{}{map[string]interface{}{"field": "A"}},
 					"source": "Sheet1!A1:F1000",
-					"range":  "F1",
+					// --target-position 映射到 properties.range。
+					"range": "B5",
 				},
 			},
 		},
@@ -507,6 +506,55 @@ func TestPivotCreate_SheetSelectorSemantics(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 }
 
+// TestPivotCreate_TargetPositionRangeMutex regresses the "--target-position
+// and --range cannot both be set" guardrail on +pivot-create. They map to
+// the same wire field (properties.range), so two non-default values are
+// ambiguous; the CLI rejects up front (mirrors the --target-sheet-id /
+// --target-sheet-name mutex). --target-position=A1 is the documented default
+// and is treated as "not set" — pairing it with --range still works.
+func TestPivotCreate_TargetPositionRangeMutex(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	t.Run("both non-default values rejected", func(t *testing.T) {
+		t.Parallel()
+		_, stderr, err := runShortcutCapturingErr(t, PivotCreate, []string{
+			"--url", testURL,
+			"--target-sheet-id", testSheetID,
+			"--properties", `{"rows":[{"field":"A"}]}`,
+			"--source", "Sheet1!A1:F1000",
+			"--target-position", "B5",
+			"--range", "F1",
+		})
+		if err == nil {
+			t.Fatalf("expected CLI to reject --target-position with --range; stderr=%s", stderr)
+		}
+		combined := stderr + err.Error()
+		if !strings.Contains(combined, "mutually exclusive") {
+			t.Errorf("expected error to say 'mutually exclusive'; got=%s|%v", stderr, err)
+		}
+		if !strings.Contains(combined, "--target-position") || !strings.Contains(combined, "--range") {
+			t.Errorf("expected error to quote both --target-position and --range; got=%s|%v", stderr, err)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("default A1 with --range is accepted (range wins)", func(t *testing.T) {
+		t.Parallel()
+		body := parseDryRunBody(t, PivotCreate, []string{
+			"--url", testURL,
+			"--target-sheet-id", testSheetID,
+			"--properties", `{"rows":[{"field":"A"}]}`,
+			"--source", "Sheet1!A1:F1000",
+			"--target-position", "A1",
+			"--range", "F1",
+		})
+		input := decodeToolInput(t, body, "manage_pivot_table_object")
+		props, _ := input["properties"].(map[string]interface{})
+		if got, _ := props["range"].(string); got != "F1" {
+			t.Errorf("properties.range = %q, want %q", got, "F1")
+		}
+	})
+}
+
 // TestPivotCreate_SchemaValidates exercises the schema-driven
 // validator wired into objectCreateInput. The pivot create schema
 // doesn't constrain rows/columns/values to be present (the backend

shortcuts/sheets/lark_sheet_read_data.go

@@ -5,8 +5,6 @@ package sheets
 
 import (
 	"context"
-	"encoding/csv"
-	"regexp"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 
@@ -164,12 +162,7 @@ var CsvGet = common.Shortcut{
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
-		switch {
-		case runtime.Bool("rows-json"):
-			// --rows-json reshapes the CSV response into structured rows
-			// ({row_number, values:{col→cell}}); see assembleRowsJSON.
-			out = assembleRowsJSON(out, strings.TrimSpace(runtime.Str("range")))
-		case !runtime.Bool("include-row-prefix"):
+		if !runtime.Bool("include-row-prefix") {
 			out = stripRowPrefixFromCsvOutput(out)
 		}
 		runtime.Out(out, nil)
@@ -219,141 +212,6 @@ func stripRowPrefixFromCsvOutput(out interface{}) interface{} {
 	return m
 }
 
-// rowPrefixRe matches the leading "[row=N] " (or "[row=N],") annotation that
-// the tool prepends to the first physical line of each logical CSV record.
-var rowPrefixRe = regexp.MustCompile(`^\[row=(\d+)\][ ,]?`)
-
-// assembleRowsJSON reshapes the tool's annotated_csv string into structured
-// rows so callers never have to regex-parse "[row=N]" or RFC-4180 CSV by hand:
-//
-//	{
-//	  "range": "A1:K3380",
-//	  "current_region": "...",        // passthrough, if the tool returned it
-//	  "rows": [{"row_number":1,"values":{"A":"姓名", ..., "K":"时间差_分钟"}},
-//	           {"row_number":2,"values":{"A":"张三", ..., "K":"8.5"}}, ...]
-//	}
-//
-// Every logical row is emitted, including the first — no row is assumed to be a
-// header, since sheet data is not always tabular. Each cell is keyed by its
-// column letter (from the tool's col_indices when present, else derived from the
-// requested range's start column). On any parsing trouble it returns the
-// original output unchanged.
-func assembleRowsJSON(out interface{}, requestedRange string) interface{} {
-	m, ok := out.(map[string]interface{})
-	if !ok {
-		return out
-	}
-	csvStr, ok := m["annotated_csv"].(string)
-	if !ok {
-		return out
-	}
-
-	// Group physical lines into logical records by [row=N] boundaries; lines
-	// without a prefix are embedded-newline continuations of the current record.
-	type logicalRow struct {
-		num  int
-		text string
-	}
-	var groups []logicalRow
-	for _, line := range strings.Split(csvStr, "\n") {
-		if mm := rowPrefixRe.FindStringSubmatch(line); mm != nil {
-			n, _ := strconv.Atoi(mm[1])
-			groups = append(groups, logicalRow{num: n, text: line[len(mm[0]):]})
-		} else if len(groups) > 0 {
-			groups[len(groups)-1].text += "\n" + line
-		}
-	}
-	if len(groups) == 0 {
-		return out
-	}
-
-	// Parse every logical row; widest row sets the column count. No row is
-	// singled out as a header — that would assume the data is tabular, which it
-	// often is not. The model reads row 1 like any other row and decides for
-	// itself whether it is a header.
-	parsed := make([][]string, len(groups))
-	maxCols := 0
-	for i, g := range groups {
-		parsed[i] = parseCSVRecord(g.text)
-		if len(parsed[i]) > maxCols {
-			maxCols = len(parsed[i])
-		}
-	}
-	if maxCols == 0 {
-		return out
-	}
-
-	// Column letters key each cell. Prefer the tool's col_indices (authoritative,
-	// length == col_count); otherwise derive from the requested range's start col.
-	letters := coerceStringSlice(m["col_indices"])
-	if len(letters) < maxCols {
-		start := csvStartColIndex(requestedRange)
-		letters = make([]string, maxCols)
-		for j := 0; j < maxCols; j++ {
-			letters[j] = csvColLetter(start + j)
-		}
-	}
-
-	rows := make([]map[string]interface{}, 0, len(groups))
-	for i := range groups {
-		fields := parsed[i]
-		values := make(map[string]interface{}, len(letters))
-		for j := range letters {
-			v := ""
-			if j < len(fields) {
-				v = fields[j]
-			}
-			values[letters[j]] = v
-		}
-		rows = append(rows, map[string]interface{}{
-			"row_number": groups[i].num,
-			"values":     values,
-		})
-	}
-
-	result := map[string]interface{}{}
-	for k, v := range m {
-		result[k] = v
-	}
-	result["range"] = requestedRange
-	result["rows"] = rows
-
-	// Surface the backend's "数据没读全" signal structurally instead of leaving it
-	// buried in warning_message prose. The tool flags it when current_region (the
-	// true data extent) reaches past actual_range (what was actually read) — the
-	// single most important anti-under-read hint. Mirror that same comparison
-	// (regionEndRow > actualEndRow) from the already-passthrough A1 ranges so the
-	// model gets the real data range as a first-class field, never having to
-	// parse it out of prose.
-	if cr, _ := m["current_region"].(string); cr != "" {
-		ar, _ := m["actual_range"].(string)
-		regionEnd := a1EndRow(cr)
-		readEnd := a1EndRow(ar)
-		if regionEnd > 0 && readEnd > 0 && regionEnd > readEnd {
-			result["data_not_fully_read"] = map[string]interface{}{
-				"read_through_row":         readEnd,
-				"data_extends_through_row": regionEnd,
-				"unread_rows":              regionEnd - readEnd,
-				"reread_range":             cr,
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	// Drop the fields whose information rows-json fully carries elsewhere:
-	//   - annotated_csv / row_indices / col_indices → reconstructed into
-	//     columns + rows (with integer row_number), losslessly.
-	//   - warning_message → its two halves are both handled: the static
-	//     "[row=N] / col_indices[j]" parse nag is moot once those fields exist,
-	//     and the dynamic "数据没读全" half is now the structured
-	//     data_not_fully_read field above. (Confirmed against the backend's
-	//     get-range-as-csv.ts — warning_message has no other content.)
-	delete(result, "annotated_csv")
-	delete(result, "row_indices")
-	delete(result, "col_indices")
-	delete(result, "warning_message")
-	return result
-}
-
 // a1EndRow extracts the ending row number from an A1 range, e.g. "A1:N51" → 51,
 // "Sheet1!B2:D9" → 9, "C5" → 5. Returns 0 when no row number is present.
 func a1EndRow(rng string) int {
@@ -377,89 +235,6 @@ func a1EndRow(rng string) int {
 	return n
 }
 
-// parseCSVRecord parses a single logical CSV record (which may span multiple
-// physical lines via quoted embedded newlines) into its fields. An empty record
-// yields no fields; a malformed record falls back to a naive comma split so a
-// stray quote never drops a whole row.
-func parseCSVRecord(text string) []string {
-	if strings.TrimSpace(text) == "" {
-		return nil
-	}
-	r := csv.NewReader(strings.NewReader(text))
-	r.FieldsPerRecord = -1
-	fields, err := r.Read()
-	if err != nil {
-		return strings.Split(text, ",")
-	}
-	return fields
-}
-
-// coerceStringSlice returns v as []string when it is a homogeneous []interface{}
-// of strings (the shape of the tool's col_indices), else nil.
-func coerceStringSlice(v interface{}) []string {
-	arr, ok := v.([]interface{})
-	if !ok {
-		return nil
-	}
-	out := make([]string, 0, len(arr))
-	for _, e := range arr {
-		s, ok := e.(string)
-		if !ok {
-			return nil
-		}
-		out = append(out, s)
-	}
-	return out
-}
-
-// csvStartColIndex returns the 0-based column index of a range's start column,
-// e.g. "A1:K3380" → 0, "C5:F9" → 2, "Sheet1!D2" → 3. Unparseable input → 0.
-func csvStartColIndex(rng string) int {
-	rng = strings.TrimSpace(rng)
-	if i := strings.LastIndex(rng, "!"); i >= 0 {
-		rng = rng[i+1:]
-	}
-	var letters strings.Builder
-	for _, c := range rng {
-		if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') || (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') {
-			letters.WriteRune(c)
-			continue
-		}
-		break
-	}
-	if letters.Len() == 0 {
-		return 0
-	}
-	return csvColToIndex(letters.String())
-}
-
-// csvColToIndex converts a column letter to its 0-based index ("A"→0, "K"→10,
-// "AA"→26). Non-letter input → -1.
-func csvColToIndex(s string) int {
-	n := 0
-	for _, c := range strings.ToUpper(s) {
-		if c < 'A' || c > 'Z' {
-			break
-		}
-		n = n*26 + int(c-'A'+1)
-	}
-	return n - 1
-}
-
-// csvColLetter converts a 0-based column index back to its letter (0→"A",
-// 25→"Z", 26→"AA"). Negative input → "".
-func csvColLetter(idx int) string {
-	if idx < 0 {
-		return ""
-	}
-	var b []byte
-	for idx >= 0 {
-		b = append([]byte{byte('A' + idx%26)}, b...)
-		idx = idx/26 - 1
-	}
-	return string(b)
-}
-
 // DropdownGet wraps get_cell_ranges scoped to data_validation: read the
 // dropdown configuration on a range. Aligned with its sibling +cells-get
 // — sheet selection is via --sheet-id / --sheet-name (XOR), and --range

shortcuts/sheets/lark_sheet_read_data_test.go

@@ -63,20 +63,6 @@ func TestReadDataShortcuts_DryRun(t *testing.T) {
 				"value_render_option": "formatted_value",
 			},
 		},
-		{
-			// --rows-json is post-processing on +csv-get's response; it must
-			// NOT leak into the get_range_as_csv input.
-			name:     "+csv-get --rows-json builds the same input (flag is post-process)",
-			sc:       CsvGet,
-			args:     []string{"--url", testURL, "--sheet-id", testSheetID, "--range", "A1:C10", "--rows-json"},
-			toolName: "get_range_as_csv",
-			wantInput: map[string]interface{}{
-				"excel_id": testToken,
-				"sheet_id": testSheetID,
-				"range":    "A1:C10",
-				"max_rows": float64(unboundedReadLimit),
-			},
-		},
 	}
 	for _, tt := range tests {
 		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
@@ -179,113 +165,3 @@ func TestCsvGet_StripRowPrefix(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Errorf("other field corrupted: %v", out["other"])
 	}
 }
-
-// TestAssembleRowsJSON covers the --rows-json reshaping: every logical row
-// emitted (no header singled out), integer row_number, column-letter keyed
-// values, embedded newlines inside quoted fields, and current_region passthrough.
-func TestAssembleRowsJSON(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-	in := map[string]interface{}{
-		"annotated_csv":   "[row=1] 姓名,备注,时间差_分钟\n[row=2] 张三,\"line1\nline2\",8.5\n[row=3] 李四,ok,3",
-		"current_region":  "A1:C3",
-		"col_indices":     []interface{}{"A", "B", "C"},
-		"row_indices":     []interface{}{1, 2, 3},
-		"warning_message": "①定位行号…②定位列字母…",
-	}
-	out, ok := assembleRowsJSON(in, "A1:C3").(map[string]interface{})
-	if !ok {
-		t.Fatalf("assembleRowsJSON did not return a map")
-	}
-
-	// Fields whose info rows-json carries elsewhere are dropped (annotated_csv /
-	// indices → rows; warning_message → moot static nag + structured
-	// data_not_fully_read). Unrelated metadata like current_region is preserved.
-	if _, exists := out["annotated_csv"]; exists {
-		t.Errorf("annotated_csv should be dropped")
-	}
-	if _, exists := out["col_indices"]; exists {
-		t.Errorf("col_indices should be dropped")
-	}
-	if _, exists := out["warning_message"]; exists {
-		t.Errorf("warning_message should be dropped in rows-json mode")
-	}
-	if _, exists := out["columns"]; exists {
-		t.Errorf("columns field should not exist (no header assumption)")
-	}
-	if out["current_region"] != "A1:C3" {
-		t.Errorf("current_region passthrough lost: %v", out["current_region"])
-	}
-
-	rows, _ := out["rows"].([]map[string]interface{})
-	if len(rows) != 3 {
-		t.Fatalf("want all 3 rows (incl. row 1), got %d: %+v", len(rows), rows)
-	}
-	// Row 1 is emitted as a normal row, not consumed as a header.
-	if rows[0]["row_number"].(int) != 1 {
-		t.Errorf("first row_number = %v, want 1", rows[0]["row_number"])
-	}
-	if v := rows[0]["values"].(map[string]interface{}); v["A"] != "姓名" || v["C"] != "时间差_分钟" {
-		t.Errorf("row 1 values wrong: %+v", v)
-	}
-	// Row 2 keeps its embedded newline inside a single cell.
-	v1 := rows[1]["values"].(map[string]interface{})
-	if rows[1]["row_number"].(int) != 2 || v1["A"] != "张三" || v1["B"] != "line1\nline2" || v1["C"] != "8.5" {
-		t.Errorf("row 2 wrong (embedded newline?): %+v", rows[1])
-	}
-}
-
-// TestAssembleRowsJSON_DerivedLetters verifies cell letters are derived from the
-// range start when the tool omits col_indices (e.g. a C-anchored read).
-func TestAssembleRowsJSON_DerivedLetters(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-	in := map[string]interface{}{
-		"annotated_csv": "[row=5] h1,h2\n[row=6] a,b",
-	}
-	out := assembleRowsJSON(in, "C5:D6").(map[string]interface{})
-	rows := out["rows"].([]map[string]interface{})
-	if len(rows) != 2 {
-		t.Fatalf("want 2 rows, got %d", len(rows))
-	}
-	if rows[0]["row_number"].(int) != 5 {
-		t.Errorf("first row_number = %v, want 5", rows[0]["row_number"])
-	}
-	if v := rows[0]["values"].(map[string]interface{}); v["C"] != "h1" || v["D"] != "h2" {
-		t.Errorf("derived-letter values wrong: %+v", v)
-	}
-	if v := rows[1]["values"].(map[string]interface{}); v["C"] != "a" || v["D"] != "b" {
-		t.Errorf("row 6 values wrong: %+v", v)
-	}
-}
-
-// TestAssembleRowsJSON_DataNotFullyRead verifies the structured under-read hint:
-// when current_region extends past actual_range, rows-json surfaces the true data
-// range as a first-class field (mirroring the backend's prose warning).
-func TestAssembleRowsJSON_DataNotFullyRead(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-	// Read only A1:D2, but the data region reaches D4 → 2 rows unread.
-	in := map[string]interface{}{
-		"annotated_csv":  "[row=1] 序号,姓名\n[row=2] 101,张三",
-		"actual_range":   "A1:D2",
-		"current_region": "A1:D4",
-	}
-	out := assembleRowsJSON(in, "A1:D2").(map[string]interface{})
-	hint, ok := out["data_not_fully_read"].(map[string]interface{})
-	if !ok {
-		t.Fatalf("data_not_fully_read missing; out=%+v", out)
-	}
-	if hint["read_through_row"] != 2 || hint["data_extends_through_row"] != 4 ||
-		hint["unread_rows"] != 2 || hint["reread_range"] != "A1:D4" {
-		t.Errorf("data_not_fully_read wrong: %+v", hint)
-	}
-
-	// Fully-read case: no hint emitted.
-	in2 := map[string]interface{}{
-		"annotated_csv":  "[row=1] 序号,姓名\n[row=2] 101,张三",
-		"actual_range":   "A1:D2",
-		"current_region": "A1:D2",
-	}
-	out2 := assembleRowsJSON(in2, "A1:D2").(map[string]interface{})
-	if _, exists := out2["data_not_fully_read"]; exists {
-		t.Errorf("data_not_fully_read should be absent when fully read")
-	}
-}

shortcuts/sheets/lark_sheet_workbook_export_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package sheets
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/httpmock"
+)
+
+// TestWorkbookExport_ExecuteExportOnly covers the no-download path: without
+// --output-path, +workbook-export delegates to the shared drive export core
+// with OutputDir="" so it creates + polls the export task and returns the ready
+// file token without writing a local file (downloaded=false).
+func TestWorkbookExport_ExecuteExportOnly(t *testing.T) {
+	stubs := []*httpmock.Stub{
+		{
+			Method: "POST",
+			URL:    "/open-apis/drive/v1/export_tasks",
+			Body: map[string]interface{}{
+				"code": 0, "msg": "ok",
+				"data": map[string]interface{}{"ticket": "tk_export"},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			Method: "GET",
+			URL:    "/open-apis/drive/v1/export_tasks/tk_export",
+			Body: map[string]interface{}{
+				"code": 0, "msg": "ok",
+				"data": map[string]interface{}{"result": map[string]interface{}{
+					"job_status": float64(0),
+					"file_token": "ftk_xlsx",
+					"file_name":  "report.xlsx",
+					"file_size":  float64(2048),
+				}},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	out, err := runShortcutWithStubs(t, WorkbookExport, []string{
+		"--url", testURL, "--file-extension", "xlsx", "--as", "user",
+	}, stubs...)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("export-only execute failed: %v\n%s", err, out)
+	}
+
+	idx := strings.Index(out, "{")
+	if idx < 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("no JSON envelope:\n%s", out)
+	}
+	var env struct {
+		Data map[string]interface{} `json:"data"`
+	}
+	if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(out[idx:]), &env); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("decode envelope: %v\nraw=%s", err, out)
+	}
+	if env.Data["ready"] != true {
+		t.Errorf("ready = %v, want true", env.Data["ready"])
+	}
+	if env.Data["downloaded"] != false {
+		t.Errorf("downloaded = %v, want false (no --output-path)", env.Data["downloaded"])
+	}
+	if env.Data["file_token"] != "ftk_xlsx" {
+		t.Errorf("file_token = %v, want ftk_xlsx", env.Data["file_token"])
+	}
+	if env.Data["doc_type"] != "sheet" {
+		t.Errorf("doc_type = %v, want sheet", env.Data["doc_type"])
+	}
+}

shortcuts/sheets/lark_sheet_workbook_import_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package sheets
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"os"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/httpmock"
+	_ "github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/vfs/localfileio"
+)
+
+// chdirTemp switches into a fresh temp dir for the duration of the test and
+// restores the original cwd afterwards. +workbook-import is the first sheets
+// shortcut that stat()s a real local file, so these tests need a working dir.
+func chdirTemp(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Helper()
+	orig, err := os.Getwd()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("getwd: %v", err)
+	}
+	if err := os.Chdir(t.TempDir()); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("chdir: %v", err)
+	}
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = os.Chdir(orig) })
+}
+
+// TestWorkbookImport_DryRunPinsSheetType verifies the shortcut delegates to the
+// shared drive import core and hard-codes the import target type to "sheet".
+func TestWorkbookImport_DryRunPinsSheetType(t *testing.T) {
+	chdirTemp(t)
+	if err := os.WriteFile("data.xlsx", []byte("fake-xlsx"), 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("write file: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	calls := parseDryRunAPI(t, WorkbookImport, []string{"--file", "./data.xlsx"})
+
+	var createBody map[string]interface{}
+	for _, c := range calls {
+		cm, _ := c.(map[string]interface{})
+		if u, _ := cm["url"].(string); u == "/open-apis/drive/v1/import_tasks" {
+			createBody, _ = cm["body"].(map[string]interface{})
+		}
+	}
+	if createBody == nil {
+		t.Fatalf("no import_tasks create call in dry-run: %#v", calls)
+	}
+	if createBody["type"] != "sheet" {
+		t.Errorf("import type = %v, want sheet (must be pinned regardless of file)", createBody["type"])
+	}
+	if createBody["file_extension"] != "xlsx" {
+		t.Errorf("file_extension = %v, want xlsx", createBody["file_extension"])
+	}
+}
+
+// TestWorkbookImport_RejectsNonSheetFile ensures a file that cannot become a
+// spreadsheet (e.g. .docx) is rejected up front by the pinned-sheet validation.
+func TestWorkbookImport_RejectsNonSheetFile(t *testing.T) {
+	chdirTemp(t)
+	if err := os.WriteFile("notes.docx", []byte("fake-docx"), 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("write file: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	// Validate runs before DryRun, so the pinned-sheet check rejects .docx up
+	// front and the error surfaces through the normal envelope/err path.
+	stdout, stderr, err := runShortcutCapturingErr(t, WorkbookImport, []string{"--file", "./notes.docx", "--dry-run"})
+	if err == nil || !strings.Contains(stdout+stderr+err.Error(), "can only be imported") {
+		t.Errorf("expected .docx → sheet type-mismatch rejection; got stdout=%s stderr=%s err=%v", stdout, stderr, err)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestWorkbookImport_ExecuteCreatesSheet runs the full upload → create → poll
+// flow against stubs and asserts the resulting URL is a /sheets/ link.
+func TestWorkbookImport_ExecuteCreatesSheet(t *testing.T) {
+	chdirTemp(t)
+	if err := os.WriteFile("data.csv", []byte("a,b\n1,2\n"), 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("write file: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	stubs := []*httpmock.Stub{
+		{
+			Method: "POST",
+			URL:    "/open-apis/drive/v1/medias/upload_all",
+			Body: map[string]interface{}{
+				"code": 0, "msg": "ok",
+				"data": map[string]interface{}{"file_token": "file_import_media"},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			Method: "POST",
+			URL:    "/open-apis/drive/v1/import_tasks",
+			Body: map[string]interface{}{
+				"code": 0, "msg": "ok",
+				"data": map[string]interface{}{"ticket": "tk_sheet"},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			Method: "GET",
+			URL:    "/open-apis/drive/v1/import_tasks/tk_sheet",
+			Body: map[string]interface{}{
+				"code": 0, "msg": "ok",
+				"data": map[string]interface{}{"result": map[string]interface{}{
+					"token":      "shtcn_imported",
+					"type":       "sheet",
+					"job_status": float64(0),
+				}},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	out, err := runShortcutWithStubs(t, WorkbookImport, []string{"--file", "./data.csv", "--as", "user"}, stubs...)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("import execute failed: %v\n%s", err, out)
+	}
+
+	idx := strings.Index(out, "{")
+	if idx < 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("execute output has no JSON envelope:\n%s", out)
+	}
+	var env struct {
+		Data map[string]interface{} `json:"data"`
+	}
+	if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(out[idx:]), &env); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("decode envelope: %v\nraw=%s", err, out)
+	}
+	if url, _ := env.Data["url"].(string); !strings.Contains(url, "/sheets/") {
+		t.Errorf("imported url = %q, want a /sheets/ link", url)
+	}
+	if tok, _ := env.Data["token"].(string); tok != "shtcn_imported" {
+		t.Errorf("token = %q, want shtcn_imported", tok)
+	}
+}

shortcuts/sheets/lark_sheet_workbook_test.go

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 package sheets
 
 import (
+	"encoding/json"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
 
@@ -140,6 +141,28 @@ func TestWorkbookShortcuts_DryRun(t *testing.T) {
 				"tab_color": "",
 			},
 		},
+		{
+			name:     "+sheet-show-gridline",
+			sc:       SheetShowGridline,
+			args:     []string{"--url", testURL, "--sheet-id", testSheetID},
+			toolName: "modify_workbook_structure",
+			wantInput: map[string]interface{}{
+				"excel_id":  testToken,
+				"operation": "show_gridline",
+				"sheet_id":  testSheetID,
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "+sheet-hide-gridline",
+			sc:       SheetHideGridline,
+			args:     []string{"--url", testURL, "--sheet-id", testSheetID},
+			toolName: "modify_workbook_structure",
+			wantInput: map[string]interface{}{
+				"excel_id":  testToken,
+				"operation": "hide_gridline",
+				"sheet_id":  testSheetID,
+			},
+		},
 	}
 	for _, tt := range tests {
 		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
@@ -283,7 +306,7 @@ func TestWorkbookCreate_DryRun(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Parallel()
 		calls := parseDryRunAPI(t, WorkbookCreate, []string{"--title", "MySheet"})
 		if len(calls) != 1 {
-			t.Fatalf("api calls = %d, want 1 (no headers/data)", len(calls))
+			t.Fatalf("api calls = %d, want 1 (no values)", len(calls))
 		}
 		c := calls[0].(map[string]interface{})
 		if c["url"] != "/open-apis/sheets/v3/spreadsheets" {
@@ -295,12 +318,11 @@ func TestWorkbookCreate_DryRun(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	})
 
-	t.Run("with headers and data → 2-step plan", func(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("with values → 2-step plan", func(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Parallel()
 		calls := parseDryRunAPI(t, WorkbookCreate, []string{
 			"--title", "Sales",
-			"--headers", `["Name","Score"]`,
-			"--values", `[["alice",95],["bob",88]]`,
+			"--values", `[["Name","Score"],["alice",95],["bob",88]]`,
 		})
 		if len(calls) != 2 {
 			t.Fatalf("api calls = %d, want 2 (create + fill)", len(calls))
@@ -312,7 +334,88 @@ func TestWorkbookCreate_DryRun(t *testing.T) {
 		body, _ := fill["body"].(map[string]interface{})
 		input := decodeToolInput(t, body, "set_cell_range")
 		if input["range"] != "A1:B3" {
-			t.Errorf("fill range = %v, want A1:B3 (1 header + 2 data rows × 2 cols)", input["range"])
+			t.Errorf("fill range = %v, want A1:B3 (3 rows × 2 cols)", input["range"])
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("with styles merges into set_cell_range cells", func(t *testing.T) {
+		t.Parallel()
+		calls := parseDryRunAPI(t, WorkbookCreate, []string{
+			"--title", "Sales",
+			"--values", `[["Name","Score"],["alice",95]]`,
+			"--styles", `{"styles":[{"name":"Sheet1","cell_styles":[{"range":"A1","font_weight":"bold","background_color":"#f5f5f5"},{"range":"B1","number_format":"0","border_styles":{"bottom":{"style":"solid","weight":"thin","color":"#000000"}}},{"range":"B2","font_color":"#0f7b0f"}]}]}`,
+		})
+		if len(calls) != 2 {
+			t.Fatalf("api calls = %d, want 2 (create + fill)", len(calls))
+		}
+		body, _ := calls[1].(map[string]interface{})["body"].(map[string]interface{})
+		input := decodeToolInput(t, body, "set_cell_range")
+		cells, _ := input["cells"].([]interface{})
+		if len(cells) != 2 {
+			t.Fatalf("cells rows = %#v, want 2", input["cells"])
+		}
+		headerRow, _ := cells[0].([]interface{})
+		firstHeader, _ := headerRow[0].(map[string]interface{})
+		firstStyle, _ := firstHeader["cell_styles"].(map[string]interface{})
+		if firstStyle["font_weight"] != "bold" || firstStyle["background_color"] != "#f5f5f5" {
+			t.Errorf("first header style = %#v, want bold + background", firstStyle)
+		}
+		secondHeader, _ := headerRow[1].(map[string]interface{})
+		if secondHeader["border_styles"] == nil {
+			t.Errorf("second header missing border_styles: %#v", secondHeader)
+		}
+		secondStyle, _ := secondHeader["cell_styles"].(map[string]interface{})
+		if secondStyle["number_format"] != "0" {
+			t.Errorf("second header number_format = %#v, want 0", secondStyle)
+		}
+		dataRow, _ := cells[1].([]interface{})
+		firstData, _ := dataRow[0].(map[string]interface{})
+		if _, ok := firstData["cell_styles"]; ok {
+			t.Errorf("null style should leave first data cell unstyled: %#v", firstData)
+		}
+		secondData, _ := dataRow[1].(map[string]interface{})
+		secondDataStyle, _ := secondData["cell_styles"].(map[string]interface{})
+		if secondDataStyle["font_color"] != "#0f7b0f" {
+			t.Errorf("second data style = %#v, want font color", secondDataStyle)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("cell style range can cover the whole initial range", func(t *testing.T) {
+		t.Parallel()
+		calls := parseDryRunAPI(t, WorkbookCreate, []string{
+			"--title", "Sales",
+			"--values", `[["Name","Score"],["alice",95]]`,
+			"--styles", `{"styles":[{"name":"Sheet1","cell_styles":[{"range":"A1:B2","horizontal_alignment":"center"}]}]}`,
+		})
+		body, _ := calls[1].(map[string]interface{})["body"].(map[string]interface{})
+		input := decodeToolInput(t, body, "set_cell_range")
+		raw, _ := json.Marshal(input["cells"])
+		if got := strings.Count(string(raw), "horizontal_alignment"); got != 4 {
+			t.Errorf("horizontal_alignment occurrences = %d, want 4 in 2x2 range; cells=%s", got, raw)
+		}
+	})
+	t.Run("overlapping cell_styles deep-merge fields, no cross-cell pollution", func(t *testing.T) {
+		t.Parallel()
+		calls := parseDryRunAPI(t, WorkbookCreate, []string{
+			"--title", "X",
+			"--values", `[["a","b"]]`,
+			"--styles", `{"styles":[{"name":"Sheet1","cell_styles":[{"range":"A1:B1","font_weight":"bold"},{"range":"B1","font_color":"#ff0000"}]}]}`,
+		})
+		body, _ := calls[1].(map[string]interface{})["body"].(map[string]interface{})
+		input := decodeToolInput(t, body, "set_cell_range")
+		cells, _ := input["cells"].([]interface{})
+		row0, _ := cells[0].([]interface{})
+		// B1 hit by both ops → must keep BOTH font_weight (op1) and font_color (op2).
+		b1, _ := row0[1].(map[string]interface{})
+		b1s, _ := b1["cell_styles"].(map[string]interface{})
+		if b1s["font_weight"] != "bold" || b1s["font_color"] != "#ff0000" {
+			t.Errorf("B1 should deep-merge both ops, got %#v", b1s)
+		}
+		// A1 hit only by op1 → must NOT be polluted by op2's font_color (shared submap).
+		a1, _ := row0[0].(map[string]interface{})
+		a1s, _ := a1["cell_styles"].(map[string]interface{})
+		if a1s["font_color"] != nil {
+			t.Errorf("A1 must not be polluted by op2, got %#v", a1s)
 		}
 	})
 }
@@ -325,8 +428,18 @@ func TestWorkbookCreate_DataValidation(t *testing.T) {
 		args []string
 		want string
 	}{
-		{"headers not array", []string{"--title", "X", "--headers", `"abc"`}, "must be a JSON array"},
 		{"values not 2D", []string{"--title", "X", "--values", `["a","b"]`}, "must be an array"},
+		{"styles not object", []string{"--title", "X", "--styles", `"bold"`}, `shaped as {"styles":[...]}`},
+		{"styles missing array", []string{"--title", "X", "--styles", `{"value":"x"}`}, "--styles.styles is required"},
+		{"styles item missing groups", []string{"--title", "X", "--values", `[["a"]]`, "--styles", `{"styles":[{"name":"Sheet1","value":"x"}]}`}, "must include at least one of cell_styles/row_sizes/col_sizes/cell_merges"},
+		{"cell styles must be array", []string{"--title", "X", "--values", `[["a"]]`, "--styles", `{"styles":[{"name":"Sheet1","cell_styles":{"range":"A1","font_weight":"bold"}}]}`}, "cell_styles must be an array"},
+		{"cell style needs range", []string{"--title", "X", "--values", `[["a"]]`, "--styles", `{"styles":[{"name":"Sheet1","cell_styles":[{"font_weight":"bold"}]}]}`}, "range is required"},
+		{"nested cell_styles rejected", []string{"--title", "X", "--values", `[["a"]]`, "--styles", `{"styles":[{"name":"Sheet1","cell_styles":[{"range":"A1","cell_styles":{"font_weight":"bold"}}]}]}`}, "put style fields directly"},
+		{"row size needs row range", []string{"--title", "X", "--values", `[["a"]]`, "--styles", `{"styles":[{"name":"Sheet1","row_sizes":[{"range":"A1","type":"pixel","size":20}]}]}`}, "must use row numbers"},
+		{"col size needs pixel size", []string{"--title", "X", "--values", `[["a"]]`, "--styles", `{"styles":[{"name":"Sheet1","col_sizes":[{"range":"A:A","type":"pixel"}]}]}`}, "requires size"},
+		{"border bad style enum", []string{"--title", "X", "--values", `[["a"]]`, "--styles", `{"styles":[{"name":"Sheet1","cell_styles":[{"range":"A1","border_styles":{"bottom":{"style":"NONSENSE"}}}]}]}`}, `style "NONSENSE" is invalid`},
+		{"border invalid side", []string{"--title", "X", "--values", `[["a"]]`, "--styles", `{"styles":[{"name":"Sheet1","cell_styles":[{"range":"A1","border_styles":{"diagonal":{"style":"solid"}}}]}]}`}, "not a valid side"},
+		{"border bad weight", []string{"--title", "X", "--values", `[["a"]]`, "--styles", `{"styles":[{"name":"Sheet1","cell_styles":[{"range":"A1","border_styles":{"top":{"weight":"xxl"}}}]}]}`}, `weight "xxl" is invalid`},
 	}
 	for _, tt := range cases {
 		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
@@ -339,21 +452,21 @@ func TestWorkbookCreate_DataValidation(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-// TestWorkbookExport_DryRun checks the 2-or-3 step plan depending on
-// --output-path. The order should be: POST → GET (poll) → optional GET
-// (download).
+// TestWorkbookExport_DryRun verifies the export dry-run now delegates to the
+// shared drive export core: a single create-task POST (poll + download are
+// described inline rather than as separate api entries).
 func TestWorkbookExport_DryRun(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 
-	t.Run("xlsx without --output-path → 2 steps", func(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("xlsx create-task body pins type=sheet", func(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Parallel()
 		calls := parseDryRunAPI(t, WorkbookExport, []string{"--url", testURL, "--file-extension", "xlsx"})
-		if len(calls) != 2 {
-			t.Fatalf("api calls = %d, want 2 (create + poll)", len(calls))
+		if len(calls) != 1 {
+			t.Fatalf("api calls = %d, want 1 (create export task)", len(calls))
 		}
 		create := calls[0].(map[string]interface{})
 		if create["url"] != "/open-apis/drive/v1/export_tasks" {
-			t.Errorf("first url = %v", create["url"])
+			t.Errorf("url = %v", create["url"])
 		}
 		body, _ := create["body"].(map[string]interface{})
 		if body["type"] != "sheet" || body["file_extension"] != "xlsx" || body["token"] != testToken {
@@ -361,22 +474,18 @@ func TestWorkbookExport_DryRun(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	})
 
-	t.Run("csv → 3 steps, with sub_id", func(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("csv includes sub_id from --sheet-id", func(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Parallel()
 		calls := parseDryRunAPI(t, WorkbookExport, []string{
 			"--url", testURL, "--file-extension", "csv", "--sheet-id", "sh1",
 			"--output-path", "/tmp/out.csv",
 		})
-		if len(calls) != 3 {
-			t.Fatalf("api calls = %d, want 3", len(calls))
+		if len(calls) != 1 {
+			t.Fatalf("api calls = %d, want 1", len(calls))
 		}
 		body, _ := calls[0].(map[string]interface{})["body"].(map[string]interface{})
-		if body["sub_id"] != "sh1" {
-			t.Errorf("csv export missing sub_id: %#v", body)
-		}
-		dl := calls[2].(map[string]interface{})
-		if !strings.Contains(dl["url"].(string), "/export_tasks/file/") {
-			t.Errorf("download url = %v", dl["url"])
+		if body["type"] != "sheet" || body["sub_id"] != "sh1" {
+			t.Errorf("csv export body = %#v (want type=sheet, sub_id=sh1)", body)
 		}
 	})
 

shortcuts/sheets/lark_sheet_write_cells.go

@@ -197,12 +197,12 @@ func cellsSetStyleInput(runtime flagView, token, sheetID, sheetName string) (map
 	return input, nil
 }
 
-// CsvPut wraps set_range_from_csv: dump a CSV blob into a sheet, only writing
-// plain values. Use +cells-set for anything richer (formula / style / note).
+// CsvPut wraps set_range_from_csv: dump a CSV blob into a sheet. A cell whose
+// text starts with = is evaluated as a formula; use +cells-set for styles / notes / images.
 var CsvPut = common.Shortcut{
 	Service:     "sheets",
 	Command:     "+csv-put",
-	Description: "Paste RFC-4180 CSV into a sheet at --start-cell (plain values only, auto-expands sheet if needed).",
+	Description: "Paste RFC-4180 CSV into a sheet at --start-cell (values or formulas: a leading = is evaluated as a formula; no styles / comments; auto-expands sheet if needed).",
 	Risk:        "write",
 	Scopes:      []string{"sheets:spreadsheet:write_only"},
 	AuthTypes:   []string{"user", "bot"},
@@ -219,7 +219,12 @@ var CsvPut = common.Shortcut{
 		}
 		cmd.MarkFlagsOneRequired("start-cell", "range")
 	},
-	Validate: validateViaInput(csvPutInput),
+	Validate: func(ctx context.Context, runtime *common.RuntimeContext) error {
+		if err := guardCSVValueIsNotFilePath(runtime); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		return validateViaInput(csvPutInput)(ctx, runtime)
+	},
 	DryRun: func(ctx context.Context, runtime *common.RuntimeContext) *common.DryRunAPI {
 		token, _ := resolveSpreadsheetToken(runtime)
 		sheetID, sheetName, _ := resolveSheetSelector(runtime)
@@ -295,6 +300,36 @@ func csvPutWriteRangeFromInput(input map[string]interface{}) (string, bool) {
 	return fmt.Sprintf("%s:%s%d", anchor, endCol, endRow), true
 }
 
+// guardCSVValueIsNotFilePath catches the common slip of passing a CSV file path
+// to --csv without the "@" that reads it (e.g. `--csv data.csv` instead of
+// `--csv @data.csv`). Because any string is a valid one-cell CSV, the mistake
+// would otherwise be written silently as the literal text "data.csv". It runs
+// in +csv-put's Validate, after resolveInputFlags — so an @file / stdin value is
+// already its contents (a real CSV blob, never a path) and only a bare value
+// reaches here unchanged. It flags the value only when it actually names an
+// existing file in the cwd subtree; checking real existence (not name shape)
+// means inline content that merely ends in a filename ("see config.json") is
+// never misjudged. Fails open: any Stat error or a directory leaves the value
+// untouched. Scoped to --csv only — no other flag is affected.
+func guardCSVValueIsNotFilePath(runtime *common.RuntimeContext) error {
+	raw := strings.TrimSpace(runtime.Str("csv"))
+	if raw == "" {
+		return nil
+	}
+	fio := runtime.FileIO()
+	if fio == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	info, err := fio.Stat(raw)
+	if err != nil || info == nil || info.IsDir() {
+		return nil //nolint:nilerr // fail-open: a missing/unreadable path is treated as inline content, not a forgotten @
+	}
+	return common.FlagErrorf(
+		"--csv value %q is an existing file, not inline CSV; to read it use --csv @%s, or pass the literal text via stdin (--csv -)",
+		raw, raw,
+	)
+}
+
 func csvPutInput(runtime flagView, token, sheetID, sheetName string) (map[string]interface{}, error) {
 	if err := requireSheetSelector(sheetID, sheetName); err != nil {
 		return nil, err

shortcuts/sheets/shortcuts.go

@@ -38,8 +38,11 @@ func shortcutList() []common.Shortcut {
 		SheetHide,
 		SheetUnhide,
 		SheetSetTabColor,
+		SheetShowGridline,
+		SheetHideGridline,
 		WorkbookCreate,
 		WorkbookExport,
+		WorkbookImport,
 
 		// lark_sheet_sheet_structure
 		SheetInfo,
@@ -56,6 +59,7 @@ func shortcutList() []common.Shortcut {
 		CellsGet,
 		CsvGet,
 		DropdownGet,
+		TableGet,
 
 		// lark_sheet_search_replace
 		CellsSearch,
@@ -67,6 +71,7 @@ func shortcutList() []common.Shortcut {
 		CellsSetImage,
 		CsvPut,
 		DropdownSet,
+		TablePut,
 
 		// lark_sheet_range_operations
 		CellsClear,

shortcuts/slides/slides_create.go

@@ -33,6 +33,9 @@ var SlidesCreate = common.Shortcut{
 	// like wiki_move) so the pre-flight check fails fast and lark-cli's
 	// auth login --scope hint guides the user, instead of leaving an orphaned
 	// empty presentation when the in-flight upload 403s.
+	// NB: no drive scope here on purpose — slides creation never touches drive;
+	// the presentation URL is built locally (see Execute), so we don't gate a
+	// drive-free operation behind a drive scope.
 	Scopes: []string{"slides:presentation:create", "slides:presentation:write_only", "docs:document.media:upload"},
 	Flags: []common.Flag{
 		{Name: "title", Desc: "presentation title"},
@@ -205,29 +208,14 @@ var SlidesCreate = common.Shortcut{
 			}
 		}
 
-		// Fetch presentation URL via drive meta (best-effort)
-		if metaData, err := runtime.CallAPI(
-			"POST",
-			"/open-apis/drive/v1/metas/batch_query",
-			nil,
-			map[string]interface{}{
-				"request_docs": []map[string]interface{}{
-					{
-						"doc_token": presentationID,
-						"doc_type":  "slides",
-					},
-				},
-				"with_url": true,
-			},
-		); err == nil {
-			metas := common.GetSlice(metaData, "metas")
-			if len(metas) > 0 {
-				if meta, ok := metas[0].(map[string]interface{}); ok {
-					if url := common.GetString(meta, "url"); url != "" {
-						result["url"] = url
-					}
-				}
-			}
+		// Build the presentation URL locally from the token. The brand-standard
+		// host transparently redirects to the tenant domain (same fallback used by
+		// drive +upload / wiki +node-create). This avoids the prior best-effort
+		// drive metas/batch_query call, which needed an extra drive scope and 403'd
+		// for users who only authorized slides scopes — without ever blocking an
+		// otherwise-successful creation.
+		if url := common.BuildResourceURL(runtime.Config.Brand, "slides", presentationID); url != "" {
+			result["url"] = url
 		}
 
 		if grant := common.AutoGrantCurrentUserDrivePermission(runtime, presentationID, "slides"); grant != nil {

shortcuts/slides/slides_create_test.go

@@ -35,7 +35,6 @@ func TestSlidesCreateBasic(t *testing.T) {
 			},
 		},
 	})
-	registerBatchQueryStub(reg, "pres_abc123", "https://example.feishu.cn/slides/pres_abc123")
 
 	err := runSlidesCreateShortcut(t, f, stdout, []string{
 		"+create",
@@ -53,8 +52,10 @@ func TestSlidesCreateBasic(t *testing.T) {
 	if data["title"] != "项目汇报" {
 		t.Fatalf("title = %v, want 项目汇报", data["title"])
 	}
-	if data["url"] != "https://example.feishu.cn/slides/pres_abc123" {
-		t.Fatalf("url = %v, want https://example.feishu.cn/slides/pres_abc123", data["url"])
+	// URL is built locally from the token (brand-standard host), not fetched from
+	// drive metas, so it is deterministic and needs no drive scope.
+	if data["url"] != "https://www.feishu.cn/slides/pres_abc123" {
+		t.Fatalf("url = %v, want https://www.feishu.cn/slides/pres_abc123", data["url"])
 	}
 	if _, ok := data["permission_grant"]; ok {
 		t.Fatalf("did not expect permission_grant in user mode")
@@ -78,7 +79,6 @@ func TestSlidesCreateBotAutoGrant(t *testing.T) {
 			},
 		},
 	})
-	registerBatchQueryStub(reg, "pres_bot", "https://example.feishu.cn/slides/pres_bot")
 	reg.Register(&httpmock.Stub{
 		Method: "POST",
 		URL:    "/open-apis/drive/v1/permissions/pres_bot/members",
@@ -131,7 +131,6 @@ func TestSlidesCreateBotSkippedWithoutCurrentUser(t *testing.T) {
 			},
 		},
 	})
-	registerBatchQueryStub(reg, "pres_no_user", "https://example.feishu.cn/slides/pres_no_user")
 
 	err := runSlidesCreateShortcut(t, f, stdout, []string{
 		"+create",
@@ -168,7 +167,6 @@ func TestSlidesCreateBotAutoGrantFailed(t *testing.T) {
 			},
 		},
 	})
-	registerBatchQueryStub(reg, "pres_grant_fail", "https://example.feishu.cn/slides/pres_grant_fail")
 
 	reg.Register(&httpmock.Stub{
 		Method: "POST",
@@ -238,7 +236,6 @@ func TestSlidesCreateDefaultTitle(t *testing.T) {
 			},
 		},
 	})
-	registerBatchQueryStub(reg, "pres_default", "https://example.feishu.cn/slides/pres_default")
 
 	err := runSlidesCreateShortcut(t, f, stdout, []string{
 		"+create",
@@ -301,7 +298,6 @@ func TestSlidesCreateWithSlides(t *testing.T) {
 			},
 		},
 	})
-	registerBatchQueryStub(reg, "pres_with_slides", "https://example.feishu.cn/slides/pres_with_slides")
 	reg.Register(&httpmock.Stub{
 		Method: "POST",
 		URL:    "/open-apis/slides_ai/v1/xml_presentations/pres_with_slides/slide",
@@ -478,7 +474,6 @@ func TestSlidesCreateWithSlidesEmptyArray(t *testing.T) {
 			},
 		},
 	})
-	registerBatchQueryStub(reg, "pres_empty_slides", "https://example.feishu.cn/slides/pres_empty_slides")
 
 	err := runSlidesCreateShortcut(t, f, stdout, []string{
 		"+create",
@@ -551,7 +546,6 @@ func TestSlidesCreateWithoutSlidesUnchanged(t *testing.T) {
 			},
 		},
 	})
-	registerBatchQueryStub(reg, "pres_no_slides", "https://example.feishu.cn/slides/pres_no_slides")
 
 	err := runSlidesCreateShortcut(t, f, stdout, []string{
 		"+create",
@@ -580,8 +574,12 @@ func TestSlidesCreateWithoutSlidesUnchanged(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-// TestSlidesCreateURLFetchBestEffort verifies that the shortcut succeeds even when batch_query fails.
-func TestSlidesCreateURLFetchBestEffort(t *testing.T) {
+// TestSlidesCreateURLBuiltLocally verifies the presentation URL is constructed
+// locally from the token — no drive metas/batch_query call is made, so creation
+// works for users who only authorized slides scopes. The httpmock registry has no
+// batch_query stub registered; if the shortcut tried to call it, the request would
+// fail the test (unregistered stub), proving the URL is built without a drive call.
+func TestSlidesCreateURLBuiltLocally(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 
 	f, stdout, _, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, slidesTestConfig(t, ""))
@@ -592,24 +590,15 @@ func TestSlidesCreateURLFetchBestEffort(t *testing.T) {
 			"code": 0,
 			"msg":  "ok",
 			"data": map[string]interface{}{
-				"xml_presentation_id": "pres_no_url",
+				"xml_presentation_id": "pres_local_url",
 				"revision_id":         1,
 			},
 		},
 	})
-	// batch_query returns an error — URL fetch should be silently skipped
-	reg.Register(&httpmock.Stub{
-		Method: "POST",
-		URL:    "/open-apis/drive/v1/metas/batch_query",
-		Body: map[string]interface{}{
-			"code": 99999,
-			"msg":  "no permission",
-		},
-	})
 
 	err := runSlidesCreateShortcut(t, f, stdout, []string{
 		"+create",
-		"--title", "No URL",
+		"--title", "Local URL",
 		"--as", "user",
 	})
 	if err != nil {
@@ -617,11 +606,11 @@ func TestSlidesCreateURLFetchBestEffort(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	data := decodeSlidesCreateEnvelope(t, stdout)
-	if data["xml_presentation_id"] != "pres_no_url" {
-		t.Fatalf("xml_presentation_id = %v, want pres_no_url", data["xml_presentation_id"])
+	if data["xml_presentation_id"] != "pres_local_url" {
+		t.Fatalf("xml_presentation_id = %v, want pres_local_url", data["xml_presentation_id"])
 	}
-	if _, ok := data["url"]; ok {
-		t.Fatalf("did not expect url when batch_query fails")
+	if data["url"] != "https://www.feishu.cn/slides/pres_local_url" {
+		t.Fatalf("url = %v, want https://www.feishu.cn/slides/pres_local_url", data["url"])
 	}
 }
 
@@ -672,22 +661,6 @@ func runSlidesCreateShortcut(t *testing.T, f *cmdutil.Factory, stdout *bytes.Buf
 	return parent.Execute()
 }
 
-// registerBatchQueryStub registers a drive meta batch_query mock that returns the given URL.
-func registerBatchQueryStub(reg *httpmock.Registry, token, url string) {
-	reg.Register(&httpmock.Stub{
-		Method: "POST",
-		URL:    "/open-apis/drive/v1/metas/batch_query",
-		Body: map[string]interface{}{
-			"code": 0,
-			"data": map[string]interface{}{
-				"metas": []map[string]interface{}{
-					{"doc_token": token, "doc_type": "slides", "title": "", "url": url},
-				},
-			},
-		},
-	})
-}
-
 // decodeSlidesCreateEnvelope parses the JSON output and returns the data map.
 func decodeSlidesCreateEnvelope(t *testing.T, stdout *bytes.Buffer) map[string]interface{} {
 	t.Helper()
@@ -758,7 +731,6 @@ func TestSlidesCreateWithImagePlaceholders(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 	reg.Register(slideStub1)
 	reg.Register(slideStub2)
-	registerBatchQueryStub(reg, "pres_img", "https://x.feishu.cn/slides/pres_img")
 
 	slidesJSON := `[
 	  "<slide xmlns=\"http://www.larkoffice.com/sml/2.0\"><data><img src=\"@a.png\" topLeftX=\"10\"/><img src=\"@b.png\" topLeftX=\"20\"/></data></slide>",

skills/lark-doc/references/lark-doc-create.md

@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ lark-cli docs +create --api-version v2 --doc-format markdown --content $'# 项
 ## 最佳实践
 
 - 文档标题从内容中自动提取（XML `<title>` 或 Markdown `#`），不要在内容开头重复写标题
-- **创建较长的文档时只建骨架**：`--content` 仅传标题 + 各级 heading + 简短占位摘要；正文留给后续 `docs +update --command append` 或 `block_insert_after` 分段追加。一次性塞超长 `--content` 既容易触发参数限制，调试也更难。
+- **创建较长的文档时只建骨架**：`--content` 仅传标题 + 各级 heading + 简短占位摘要；正文留给后续 `block_insert_after --block-id <章节标题 block_id>` 分段追加。一次性塞超长 `--content` 既容易触发参数限制，调试也更难。
 - **视觉丰富度**：必须遵循 [`lark-doc-style.md`](style/lark-doc-style.md) 中的样式指南，主动使用结构化 block 丰富文档
 
 ## 参考

skills/lark-doc/references/lark-doc-update.md

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@
 | `--doc-format` | 否 | 内容格式：`xml`（默认，始终优先使用）\| `markdown`（仅用户明确要求时） |
 | `--content` | 视指令 | 写入内容（`str_replace` 传空字符串可实现删除） |
 | `--pattern` | 视指令 | 匹配文本（str_replace） |
-| `--block-id` | 视指令 | 目标 block ID（block_* 操作）,-1 表示末尾 |
+| `--block-id` | 视指令 | 目标 block ID（block_* 操作），逗号分隔可批量删除，-1 表示末尾 |
 | `--src-block-ids` | 视指令 | 源 block ID（逗号分隔），用于 block_copy_insert_after / block_move_after |
 | `--revision-id` | 否 | 基准版本号，-1 = 最新（默认 `-1`） |
 
@@ -40,8 +40,8 @@
 | `block_replace` | 替换指定 block（同一 block 仅限一次） | `--block-id` `--content` |
 | `block_delete` | 删除指定 block（逗号分隔可批量） | `--block-id` |
 | `overwrite` | ⚠️ 清空文档后全文重写（可能丢失图片、评论） | `--content` |
-| `append` | 在文档末尾追加内容（等价于 `block_insert_after --block-id -1`） | `--content` |
-| `block_move_after` | 移动已有 block 到指定位置 | `--block-id` + (`--content` 或 `--src-block-ids`) |
+| `append` | ⚠️ 在文档**末尾**追加内容（等价于 `block_insert_after --block-id -1`）。**不适用于逐章填充**——逐章写入请用 `block_insert_after` 并指定对应标题的 `--block-id` | `--content` |
+| `block_move_after` | 移动已有 block 到指定位置 | `--block-id` `--src-block-ids` |
 
 ## 指令示例
 
@@ -116,8 +116,9 @@ lark-cli docs +update --api-version v2 --doc "<doc_id>" --command block_replace
 ### block_delete — 删除指定 block
 
 ```bash
+# 删除多个块时用逗号 "," 分隔
 lark-cli docs +update --api-version v2 --doc "<doc_id>" --command block_delete \
-  --block-id "目标 block_id"
+  --block-id "block_id_1,block_id_2,block_id_3"
 ```
 
 ### overwrite — 全文覆盖

skills/lark-doc/references/lark-doc-xml.md

@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@ p, h1-h9, ul, ol, li, table, thead, tbody, tr, th, td, blockquote, pre, code, hr
 - `<sheet>` — `<sheet type="blank"></sheet>` 空白；`<sheet sheet-id="SID" token="TOKEN"></sheet>` 复制已有
 - `<task>` — `<task task-id="GUID"></task>`，必传 task-id（任务 guid）
 - `<chat_card>` — `<chat_card chat-id="CHAT_ID"></chat_card>`，必传 chat-id
+- `<sub-page-list>` — `<sub-page-list></sub-page-list>` 子页面列表块；仅 wiki 文档可插入
 - bitable、base_ref、synced_reference、synced_source、okr — 不可创建，仅支持移动
 
 # 四、块级复制与移动
@@ -54,7 +55,7 @@ p, h1-h9, ul, ol, li, table, thead, tbody, tr, th, td, blockquote, pre, code, hr
 
 ## 复制（block_copy_insert_after）
 - **基础标签**（块级标签、容器标签、行内组件）：均支持复制
-- **资源块**：仅 img、source、whiteboard、sheet、chat_card 支持复制；task、bitable、base_ref、synced_reference、synced_source、okr 不支持复制
+- **资源块**：仅 img、source、whiteboard、sheet、chat_card、sub-page-list 支持复制；task、bitable、base_ref、synced_reference、synced_source、okr 不支持复制
 
 使用 `docs +update --command block_copy_insert_after --block-id "<锚点>" --src-block-ids "id1,id2"`。
 
@@ -166,4 +167,5 @@ p, h1-h9, ul, ol, li, table, thead, tbody, tr, th, td, blockquote, pre, code, hr
 
 <task task-id="TASK_GUID"></task>
 <chat_card chat-id="CHAT_ID"></chat_card>
+<sub-page-list></sub-page-list>
 ```

skills/lark-doc/references/style/lark-doc-create-workflow.md

@@ -22,14 +22,14 @@
 2. 设计大纲——每个 h1/h2 章节至少规划 1 个非文本 block；承载重要信息的章节优先规划画板
 3. `docs +create --api-version v2` **只建骨架**：标题 + 开头 `<callout>` + 各级标题 + 每节一句占位摘要
    - ⚠️ **不要**一次性把完整章节内容塞进 `--content`。超长 `--content` 容易触发字符/参数限制。
-   - 完整内容留到第二波，由各 Agent 用 `docs +update --command append` 或 `block_insert_after` 分段写入。
+   - 完整内容留到第二波，由各 Agent 用 `block_insert_after --block-id <章节标题 block_id>` 分段写入。
 
 ### 第二波 — 内容撰写（并行 Agent）
 
 4. Spawn Agent 并行撰写各章节。每个 Agent 需收到：
    - 文档 token、负责的章节范围、期望的 block 类型
    - `lark-doc-xml.md` 和 `lark-doc-style.md` 的完整路径（Agent 须先读取）
-   - 使用 `docs +update --command append` 或 `block_insert_after` 写入
+   - 使用 `block_insert_after --block-id <章节标题 block_id>` 写入对应章节内容
 
 ### 第三波 — 整合审查 + 画板意图识别（串行）
 

skills/lark-drive/SKILL.md

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ metadata:
 
 - 用户要**整理云盘 / 文件夹 / 文档库 / 知识库 / 个人文档库**，或要“盘点目录结构、找出未归档/临时/重复/空目录、生成整理方案”，必须先阅读 [`references/lark-drive-workflow-knowledge-organize.md`](references/lark-drive-workflow-knowledge-organize.md)。默认只生成方案；创建目录、移动资源、申请权限都必须单独确认。
 - 用户要**搜文档 / Wiki / 电子表格 / 多维表格 / 云空间（云盘/云存储）对象**，优先使用 `lark-cli drive +search`。自然语言里"最近我编辑过的"、"我创建的"（→ `--mine`，实为 owner 语义）、"最近一周我打开过的 xxx"、"某人 owner 的 docx" 等直接映射到扁平 flag，避免手写嵌套 JSON。
+- 用户要**根据文档评论定位正文位置**，例如 根据评论 review 文档、根据评论内容回看文档、区分多处相同引用文本时，对于 docx 类型（`file_type=docx`）的文档支持通过 `need_relation=true` 返回评论位置，其他类型暂不支持，具体用法需要先阅读 [`references/lark-drive-comment-location.md`](references/lark-drive-comment-location.md) 了解。
 - 用户要把本地 `.xlsx` / `.csv` / `.base` 导入成 Base / 多维表格 / bitable，第一步必须使用 `lark-cli drive +import --type bitable`。
 - 用户要把本地 `.md` / `.docx` / `.doc` / `.txt` / `.html` 导入成在线文档，使用 `lark-cli drive +import --type docx`。
 - 用户要把本地 `.pptx` 导入成飞书幻灯片，使用 `lark-cli drive +import --type slides`；当前 PPTX 导入上限是 500MB。
@@ -27,6 +28,7 @@ metadata:
 - 用户要比较原生 `.md` 文件的**历史版本差异**，或比较远端 Markdown 与本地草稿，切到 [`lark-markdown`](../lark-markdown/SKILL.md) 的 `lark-cli markdown +diff`；需要版本号时先用 `drive +version-history`。
 - 用户要查看、下载、回滚或删除文件的**历史版本**，使用 `drive +version-history`、`drive +version-get`、`drive +version-revert`、`drive +version-delete`；这组命令同时支持 `--as user` 和 `--as bot`，自动化场景优先 `--as bot`。
 - 用户要把本地 `.xlsx` / `.xls` / `.csv` 导入成电子表格，使用 `lark-cli drive +import --type sheet`。
+- **`+import` 只接受 cwd 下的本地相对路径**：没有 `--url` flag、也不接受绝对路径。源文件在远端（http(s) / TOS）时，**先 `cd` 到工作区 `wget`/`curl` 下载，再用相对路径 `--file` 导入**，例：`cd <工作区> && wget -O data.xlsx "<链接>" && lark-cli drive +import --file data.xlsx --type sheet`（细节与反例见 [`+import`](references/lark-drive-import.md)）。
 - 用户要在云空间（云盘/云存储）里新建文件夹，优先使用 `lark-cli drive +create-folder`。
 - 用户要查看某个文件有哪些可下载预览格式，或想下载 PDF / HTML / 文本 / 图片等预览产物，使用 `lark-cli drive +preview`。
 - 用户要获取某个文件的封面图，优先使用 `lark-cli drive +cover`；先 `--list-only` 看规格，再选 `--spec` 下载。
@@ -217,6 +219,9 @@ lark-cli drive file.comments list --params '{"file_token": "xxx", "file_type": "
 - 使用 `drive file.comments batch_query` 是**已知评论 ID 后**的批量查询，需要传入具体的评论 ID 列表。
 - 使用 `drive file.comments list` 用于分页获取评论列表，适合统计评论总数、遍历所有评论，或获取"最新/最后 N 条评论"等场景。
 
+#### 评论定位字段
+- 需要根据评论定位到文档正文位置时（例如根据评论 review 文档、区分多处相同引用文本、把评论落点映射到 `docs +fetch` 的 block），先确认目标是 `file_type=docx`，再阅读 [评论定位字段说明](references/lark-drive-comment-location.md)，其他文档类型暂不支持返回定位字段。
+
 #### Reaction / 表情场景
 - 遇到评论 / 回复上的 reaction（表情、各表情数量、谁点了什么、添加/删除表情）相关问题时，**先阅读 [lark-drive-reactions.md](../../skills/lark-drive/references/lark-drive-reactions.md) 了解如何使用**。
 

skills/lark-drive/references/lark-drive-comment-location.md

@@ -0,0 +1,193 @@
+# 文档评论定位字段
+
+当用户需要根据评论定位文档正文位置、对文档做 review、区分多处相同引用文本，或把评论落点映射到 `docs +fetch --detail with-ids` 的内容时，docx 文档的评论查询必须带 `need_relation=true`。
+
+## 适用范围
+
+- 当前只有 `file_type=docx` 支持通过 `need_relation=true` 查询评论的位置，并返回可用于定位正文 block 的 `relation`、`parent_type`、`parent_token` 等字段。
+- 其他文件类型暂不支持通过 `need_relation` 查询评论位置。遇到 sheet、bitable、slides、普通文件等类型的评论时，不要承诺可以用 `need_relation` 精确定位正文位置，应退回普通评论字段、对应资源能力下钻或人工确认。
+
+## 调用方式
+
+分页列出评论时，把 `need_relation` 放在 query params：
+
+```bash
+lark-cli drive file.comments list \
+  --params '{"file_token":"<doc_token>","file_type":"docx","is_solved":false,"need_relation":true}'
+```
+
+已知评论 ID 批量查询时，把 `need_relation` 放在请求体里：
+
+```bash
+lark-cli drive file.comments batch_query \
+  --params '{"file_token":"<doc_token>","file_type":"docx"}' \
+  --data '{"comment_ids":["<comment_id>"],"need_relation":true}'
+```
+
+同时获取文档内容，并要求返回 block id：
+
+```bash
+lark-cli docs +fetch --api-version v2 --doc '<doc_token_or_url>' --detail with-ids
+```
+
+## 字段含义
+
+- `relation`：评论在文档内容中的结构化位置。`relation.relation` 是一个 JSON 字符串，需要再解析一次；其中 `positionInfo.blockID` 是最关键字段，用于匹配 `docs +fetch --detail with-ids` 返回的文档 block。
+- `relation.content_deleted`：评论引用的内容是否已被删除。为 `true` 时，不要假设还能在当前正文中找到原位置。
+- `parent_type`：评论所在的父级嵌入资源类型。常见值包括 `SHEET_BLOCK`、`BITABLE_BLOCK`、`WHITEBOARD_BLOCK`，表示评论落在文档内嵌电子表格、多维表格或画板内部。
+- `parent_token`：父级嵌入资源 token。对 sheet / bitable / whiteboard 内部评论，服务端可能无法给出内部单元格、记录或画板节点的文档 block 级 `relation`，但可以通过 `parent_type` + `parent_token` 定位到文档里的父级嵌入 block。
+
+## 准确度分级
+
+输出定位结论时，必须区分以下三类，不要把弱推断说成精确定位：
+
+| 等级 | 判定条件 | 输出口径 |
+|---|---|---|
+| `relation 精确` | `relation.relation` 中有 `positionInfo.blockID`，且能在 `docs +fetch --detail with-ids` 中匹配到同一 block | 可说“准确定位到 block” |
+| `父级资源精确，内部需下钻` | 只有父级嵌入资源的 `blockID` / `parent_type` / `parent_token`，或内部资源的 `positionInfo` 为空 | 可说“准确定位到嵌入资源；内部单元格/记录/节点需用对应 skill 下钻确认” |
+| `弱匹配/推断` | 只能依赖 `quote`、序号、当前展示顺序或文本搜索 | 必须标明“推断”，说明歧义来源和需要的补充信息 |
+
+## 返回示例
+
+普通 docx block 上的评论会返回 `relation`。注意 `relation.relation` 本身是字符串，需要再 JSON parse 一次：
+
+```json
+{
+  "comment_id": "7646774324967295982",
+  "quote": "code2",
+  "relation": {
+    "content_deleted": false,
+    "relation": "{\"22-doc_token_xxx\":{\"objType\":22,\"index\":2,\"objVersion\":10,\"positionInfo\":{\"blockID\":\"block_id_xxx\"}}}"
+  },
+  "parent_type": null,
+  "parent_token": null
+}
+```
+
+把 `relation.relation` 再解析后，取 `positionInfo.blockID`：
+
+```json
+{
+  "22-doc_token_xxx": {
+    "objType": 22,
+    "index": 2,
+    "objVersion": 10,
+    "positionInfo": {
+      "blockID": "block_id_xxx"
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+然后在 `docs +fetch --detail with-ids` 的结果里查找同一个 block id，例如：
+
+```json
+{
+  "block_id": "block_id_xxx",
+  "block_type": "code",
+  "text": "code1\ncode2"
+}
+```
+
+嵌入 sheet / bitable / whiteboard 内部评论可能没有可用 `relation`，但会返回父级标记：
+
+```json
+{
+  "comment_id": "7646775036988148672",
+  "quote": "记录 2",
+  "relation": null,
+  "parent_type": "BITABLE_BLOCK",
+  "parent_token": "bitable_app_token_xxx_table_id_xxx"
+}
+```
+
+这种情况下，用 `parent_type` 判断目标是嵌入资源，再用 `parent_token` 匹配 `docs +fetch --detail with-ids` 中的 bitable / sheet block。定位粒度是文档里的父级嵌入 block，不是内部记录、字段或单元格。
+
+画板内部评论的返回形态类似：
+
+```json
+{
+  "comment_id": "7646775036988148673",
+  "quote": "画板节点文本",
+  "relation": null,
+  "parent_type": "WHITEBOARD_BLOCK",
+  "parent_token": "whiteboard_token_xxx"
+}
+```
+
+此时 `parent_token` 对应 `docs +fetch --detail with-ids` 结果中 `<whiteboard>` 的 `token` 属性，例如：
+
+```xml
+<whiteboard id="whiteboard_block_id_xxx" token="whiteboard_token_xxx"></whiteboard>
+```
+
+匹配到这个 `<whiteboard>` 后，`id` 就是文档正文里的父级画板 block id。定位粒度是文档里的画板 block；如果需要继续定位到画板内部具体节点，需要再用画板能力读取画板内部结构。
+
+## 定位流程
+
+1. 确认目标是 `file_type=docx`；只有 docx 文档支持通过 `need_relation` 查询评论位置。
+2. 用 `drive file.comments list` 或 `drive file.comments batch_query` 获取评论，并带 `need_relation=true`。
+3. 用 `docs +fetch --api-version v2 --detail with-ids` 获取文档内容。
+4. 对每条评论先看 `relation`：
+   - 如果存在 `relation.relation`，解析这个 JSON 字符串。
+   - 从解析结果里取 `positionInfo.blockID`。
+   - 在 `docs +fetch` 结果中查找相同 block id，这就是评论对应的文档 block。
+5. 如果没有可用 `relation`，但有 `parent_type` 和 `parent_token`：
+   - `SHEET_BLOCK`：定位到文档中的 sheet 嵌入 block；`parent_token` 通常包含 sheet token 和 sheet id，必要时取 `_` 前的 token 与文档 block 的嵌入资源 token 对比。
+   - `BITABLE_BLOCK`：定位到文档中的 bitable 嵌入 block；`parent_token` 通常包含 bitable app token 和 table id，必要时取 `_` 前的 token 与文档 block 的嵌入资源 token 对比。
+   - `WHITEBOARD_BLOCK`：定位到文档中的 whiteboard 嵌入 block；`parent_token` 对应 `docs +fetch --detail with-ids` 中 `<whiteboard>` 的 `token` 属性。
+   - 这种场景能定位到父级嵌入 block，但通常不能仅凭评论接口定位到嵌入资源内部的具体单元格、字段、记录或画板节点。
+6. 只有在 `relation`、`parent_type`、`parent_token` 都缺失时，才退回使用 `quote` 文本做弱匹配；`quote` 是评论接口返回的引用文本字段。弱匹配不能区分多处相同文本。
+
+## 嵌入资源内部定位
+
+### Sheet 内部评论
+
+- `parent_token` 常见格式是 `<spreadsheet_token>_<sheet_id>`；也可能在 `relation.relation` 中看到 `subToken` 为 `3-<spreadsheet_token>`。
+- 评论接口通常只把 `positionInfo.blockID` 指到文档里的 `<sheet>` block，内部 sheet 的 `positionInfo` 可能为空。
+- 如果 `quote` 是 `C3`、`A1` 这类单元格坐标，可拆出 `spreadsheet_token` / `sheet_id` 后用 `lark-sheets` 读取该单元格确认：
+
+```bash
+lark-cli sheets +read \
+  --spreadsheet-token '<spreadsheet_token>' \
+  --sheet-id '<sheet_id>' \
+  --range '<cell>'
+```
+
+- 准确度口径：父级 sheet block 可由 relation/parent token 精确定位；单元格坐标若只来自 `quote`，应说明“单元格来自 quote，已通过 sheets 读取验证”，不要说它来自 `positionInfo`。
+
+### Bitable / Base 内部评论
+
+- `parent_token` 常见格式是 `<base_token>_<table_id>`，其中 `table_id` 通常以 `tbl` 开头。解析时优先按最后一个 `_tbl` 边界拆分，避免 base token 内出现 `_` 时误拆。
+- 评论接口可能只返回 `parent_type=BITABLE_BLOCK` 和 `parent_token`，没有 `relation`；即使有 relation，也通常只足够定位到文档里的 `<bitable>` block。
+- 下钻读取时切到 `lark-base`，最少确认表、字段、记录：
+
+```bash
+lark-cli base +table-list --base-token '<base_token>'
+lark-cli base +field-list --base-token '<base_token>' --table-id '<table_id>'
+lark-cli base +record-list --base-token '<base_token>' --table-id '<table_id>' --limit 200 --format json
+```
+
+- 如果 `quote` 是某个稳定业务值，优先用字段/记录数据做精确匹配；如果 `quote` 只是“第 N 条”“第 N 行”这类 UI 序号，只能基于当前记录顺序推断对应记录，必须输出为“推断”，并说明评论接口没有返回 `record_id` / `field_id`。
+- 如果 `record-list` 返回 `has_more=true`，不要基于第一页下全局结论；继续分页或说明只能覆盖已读取范围。
+- 需要写入时，如果评论没有字段信息，不要自行猜字段；除非用户给出默认规则，否则请求用户确认字段，或明确说明将使用哪个字段作为默认。
+
+### Whiteboard 内部评论
+
+- `parent_token` 对应文档 XML 中 `<whiteboard token="...">`；先用它匹配文档里的 whiteboard block。
+- 若要定位画板内部节点，切到 `lark-whiteboard` 读取 raw 节点结构：
+
+```bash
+lark-cli whiteboard +query \
+  --whiteboard-token '<whiteboard_token>' \
+  --output_as raw
+```
+
+- 如果 raw 节点中存在唯一匹配 `quote` 的文本节点，可定位到该节点；如果有多个相同文本节点，仍然是弱匹配，需要结合位置、样式、用户描述或人工确认。
+- 修改画板节点前，先说明匹配到的节点 id 和文本；复杂画板不要只凭 `quote` 批量替换全部同名节点。
+
+## 使用原则
+
+- Review 文档时，不要只依赖 `quote` 文本定位评论；多处相同文本会产生歧义。
+- 能拿到 `relation.positionInfo.blockID` 时，以 block id 为准，再用 block 内容理解上下文。
+- 对嵌入 sheet / bitable / whiteboard 内的评论，以父级嵌入 block 作为文档正文定位点；如需继续定位到表格单元格、多维表格记录或画板内部节点，需要再调用对应 sheet / bitable / whiteboard 能力读取内部数据。

skills/lark-drive/references/lark-drive-import.md

@@ -57,12 +57,27 @@ lark-cli drive +import --file ./README.md --type docx --dry-run
 
 | 参数 | 必填 | 说明 |
 |------|------|------|
-| `--file` | 是 | 本地文件路径，根据文件后缀名自动推断 `file_extension`；文件需满足对应格式的导入大小限制，超过 20MB 且仍在允许范围内时会自动切换分片上传 |
+| `--file` | 是 | **本地文件路径，且只接受 cwd 下的相对路径**（出于安全，绝对路径会被拒）；根据文件后缀名自动推断 `file_extension`；文件需满足对应格式的导入大小限制，超过 20MB 且仍在允许范围内时会自动切换分片上传 |
 | `--type` | 是 | 导入目标云文档格式。可选值：`docx` (新版文档)、`sheet` (电子表格)、`bitable` (多维表格)、`slides` (飞书幻灯片) |
 | `--folder-token` | 否 | 目标文件夹 token，不传则请求中的 `point.mount_key` 为空字符串，Import API 会将其解释为导入到云空间（云盘/云存储）根目录 |
 | `--name` | 否 | 导入后的在线云文档名称，不传默认使用本地文件名去掉扩展名后的结果 |
 | `--target-token` | 否 | 已有的多维表格 token，将数据导入到该多维表格中（**仅支持 `--type bitable`**）；传入后数据会挂载到目标多维表格而非新建一个 |
 
+> [!CAUTION]
+> **`drive +import` 高频误用（会被 cobra / 安全校验直接拒，别试）：**
+>
+> - ❌ **不存在 `--url` flag**：`drive +import` **只能导入本地文件**，不能直接传网络 / TOS 链接。
+>   - 报错形如：`unknown flag "--url" for "lark-cli drive +import"`。
+>   - ✅ 正解：源文件在远端（http(s) / TOS）时，**先下载到工作区再导入**：
+>     ```bash
+>     cd <你的工作区目录>
+>     wget -O data.xlsx "https://tosv.byted.org/.../Data001.xlsx"   # 或 curl -o
+>     lark-cli drive +import --file data.xlsx --type sheet
+>     ```
+> - ❌ **`--file` 不接受绝对路径**：传 `--file /home/user/.../Data001.xlsx` 会报 `unsafe file path: --file must be a relative path within the current directory`。
+>   - ✅ 正解：先 `cd` 到文件所在工作区目录，再用**相对路径**（如 `--file Data001.xlsx`）。
+>   - ❌ 报错提示里若建议你"改用绝对路径 / 移动文件"之类，**不要照做绕过**——只用 cwd 内相对路径。
+
 ## 行为说明
 
 - **完整执行流程**：此 shortcut 内部封装了完整流程：

skills/lark-event/SKILL.md

@@ -83,7 +83,12 @@ On exit, the last stderr line is `[event] exited — received N event(s) in Xs (
 | 0 | `reason: limit` | `--max-events` reached |
 | 0 | `reason: timeout` | `--timeout` reached |
 | 0 | `reason: signal` | Ctrl+C / SIGTERM / stdin EOF (stdin EOF applies to unbounded runs only) |
-| non-0 | `Error: ...` (no `exited` line) | Startup / runtime failure (permissions, network, params, config) |
+| 1 | JSON error envelope on stderr | Lark API business failure during pre-consume setup (for example subscription create/delete) |
+| 2 | JSON error envelope on stderr (no `exited` line) | Validation failure (unknown EventKey, bad `--param` / `--jq`, another bus already connected) |
+| 3 | JSON error envelope on stderr | Auth failure (missing token, missing scopes) |
+| 4 / 5 | JSON error envelope on stderr | Network / internal failure (bus startup, handshake, file I/O) |
+
+Startup and runtime failures emit a structured JSON envelope on stderr: `{"ok":false,"error":{"type","subtype","param","message","hint",...}}` (the envelope may also carry top-level `identity` / `_notice` siblings). Parse `error.type` / `error.subtype` to branch (e.g. `missing_scope` carries a `missing_scopes` list), `error.param` to find the offending flag, and `error.hint` for the recovery action — do not regex-match message text.
 
 Orchestrators should treat `reason: limit/timeout/signal` (all exit 0) as "business completion" and non-zero as "failure".
 

skills/lark-sheets/SKILL.md

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 ---
 name: lark-sheets
 version: 2.0.0
-description: "飞书电子表格：创建和操作电子表格。支持创建表格、管理工作表与行列结构（增删/合并/调整尺寸/隐藏/冻结）、读写单元格（值/公式/样式/批注/单元格图片）、查找替换、多操作原子批量更新，以及图表、透视表、条件格式、筛选器、迷你图、浮动图片等对象的创建与维护。当用户需要创建电子表格、管理工作表、批量读写或编辑数据、统计汇总与可视化、表格美化、公式计算（含 Excel 公式迁移）等任务时使用。若用户是想按名称或关键词搜索云空间（云盘/云存储）里的表格文件，请改用 lark-drive 的 drive +search 先定位资源。当用户给出 doubao.com 的 /sheets/ URL/token 时，也应直接使用本 skill，不要因为域名不是飞书而回退到 WebFetch；路由依据是 URL 路径模式和 token，而不是域名。仅针对飞书在线电子表格，不适用于本地 Excel 文件。"
+description: "飞书电子表格：创建和操作电子表格。支持创建表格、管理工作表与行列结构（增删/合并/调整尺寸/隐藏/冻结）、读写单元格（值/公式/样式/批注/单元格图片）、查找替换、多操作原子批量更新，以及图表、透视表、条件格式、筛选器、迷你图、浮动图片等对象的创建与维护。当用户需要创建电子表格、管理工作表、批量读写或编辑数据、统计汇总与可视化、表格美化、公式计算（含 Excel 公式迁移）、金融/财务建模（DCF、三张表、预算、Sensitivity 等）等任务时使用。若用户是想按名称或关键词搜索云空间（云盘/云存储）里的表格文件，请改用 lark-drive 的 drive +search 先定位资源。当用户给出 doubao.com 的 /sheets/ URL/token 时，也应直接使用本 skill，不要因为域名不是飞书而回退到 WebFetch；路由依据是 URL 路径模式和 token，而不是域名。"
 metadata:
   requires:
     bins: ["lark-cli"]
@@ -40,18 +40,22 @@ metadata:
 | --- | --- | --- |
 | 读数据（纯值 / CSV） | `+csv-get`（范围用 `--range`） | — |
 | 读值 + 公式 / 样式 / 批注 | `+cells-get --include value,formula,style,comment,data_validation` | `--with-styles`、`--with-merges`、`--include-merged-cells` |
-| 写纯值（整块 CSV 平铺） | `+csv-put`（定位用 `--start-cell`，单个左上角锚点格；也接受 `--range` 别名，区间自动取左上角） | — |
+| 写纯文本值（整块 CSV 平铺，列里没有需保留的数值 / 日期语义） | `+csv-put`（定位用 `--start-cell`，单个左上角锚点格；也接受 `--range` 别名，区间自动取左上角） | — |
+| 写带类型的数据到**已有**表（列里有数字 / 金额 / 百分比 / 日期 / 计数，要可排序 / 求和 / 入图表 / 透视） | `+table-put`（列显式声明 `type` + `format`，类型保真；来源不限 DataFrame——Counter / dict / list 同理，详见 write-cells） | 在本地把数字拼成 `"$1,234"` / `"30.5%"` 字符串再 `+csv-put`（会落成文本、丢失计算能力） |
+| **新建**电子表格并写带类型的数据（类型保真需求同上，但目标表还不存在） | `+workbook-create --sheets`（协议与 `+table-put` 同构、一步建表 + typed 写入，无需先建空表再 `+table-put`；date / number 不丢，详见 workbook） | 用 `--values` 灌日期 / 数字（会落成文本、丢类型） |
 | 写值 / 公式 / 样式 | `+cells-set`（定位用 `--range`） | — |
 | 查找单元格 | `+cells-search`（关键字用 `--find`） | `+cells-find`、`+find`、`--query` |
 | 查找并替换 | `+cells-replace` | — |
 | 看子表结构（合并 / 行高列宽 / 冻结 / 隐藏） | `+sheet-info` | `+sheet-get`、`+structure-get`、`+sheet-structure-get` |
 | 看工作簿 / 子表清单 | `+workbook-info` | — |
 | 导出 xlsx / 单表 csv | `+workbook-export` | — |
+| 导入本地 xlsx/xls/csv 文件为新表格 | `+workbook-import --file ./x.xlsx`（仅导入为电子表格；要导成多维表格走 `drive +import --type bitable`） | 把 .xlsx 在本地读成数据再 `+workbook-create` 重灌（丢原格式、低效） |
 | 清除内容 / 格式 | `+cells-clear`（范围维度用 `--scope`，取值 content / formats / all） | `--type` |
 | 批量清除多区域 | `+cells-batch-clear`（`--scope`） | `--target` |
 | 调整列宽 / 行高 | `+cols-resize` / `+rows-resize`（行、列是两个独立命令） | `--dimension`（无此 flag） |
 | 分组汇总 / 透视 | `+pivot-create`（默认不传落点 flag → 自动新建子表，零覆盖） | 用 SUMIF / 本地脚本拼一张假透视表 |
 
+> ⚠️ **纯文本还是数值语义**：要写的列里有数字 / 金额 / 百分比 / 日期 / 计数 → `+table-put`（写入已有表；声明 `type` + `format`，保留排序 / 求和 / 图表 / 透视能力；**目标表还不存在就用 `+workbook-create --sheets`**，同 typed 协议、一步建表 + 写入，别先建空表再 `+table-put`）；只有纯文本才用 `+csv-put`。两者写完显示可以完全相同，但 `+csv-put` 落的是文本、不能参与计算——别把数值在本地拼成带 `$` / `%` 的字符串再走 `+csv-put`。
 > ⚠️ **定位 flag**：`+cells-get` / `+cells-set` / `+csv-get` 用 `--range`；`+csv-put` 规范用 `--start-cell`（单个左上角锚点格），也接受 `--range` 别名（区间自动取左上角），二者择一即可。
 > ⚠️ **读取附加信息**一律走 `+cells-get --include …`，**没有** `--with-styles` 这类 flag；**看合并单元格**用 `+sheet-info` 的 `merged_cells`，不要在 `+cells-get` 里找 merge flag。
 
@@ -63,28 +67,29 @@ metadata:
 
 | Reference | 描述 |
 | --- | --- |
-| [飞书表格核心操作：分析、编辑与可视化](references/lark-sheets-core-operations.md) | 飞书表格核心操作工作流。当用户需要对已有的飞书表格进行查看、分析、编辑或可视化时使用。适用场景：数据查询与统计、公式计算、表格美化、创建图表/透视表、筛选排序、批量修改数据、调整表格结构等。即使用户没有明确说"飞书表格"，只要操作对象是已有的在线表格，都应触发此工作流。不适用于本地 Excel 文件操作。 |
-| [飞书表格样式与配色规范](references/lark-sheets-visual-standards.md) | 飞书表格样式与配色规范：表头/数据区/汇总行的颜色、字号、对齐、边框等取值标准，以及新增汇总行、追加行列继承原表风格、已有区域美化等典型场景的决策流程与样式要点。工具调用参数细节请参考对应的 lark-sheets-write-cells / lark-sheets-range-operations / lark-sheets-batch-update。条件格式（高亮、标红、数据条、色阶）请使用 lark-sheets-conditional-format。仅针对飞书表格，不适用于本地 Excel 文件。 |
-| [飞书表格公式生成规则](references/lark-sheets-formula-translation.md) | Excel 公式到飞书表格公式的迁移与生成规则。核心目标不是保留 Excel 原语法，而是按飞书表格可执行规则重写公式，并在结果上尽量对齐 Excel。当用户要求把 Excel 公式改写成飞书表格公式，或需要生成飞书公式（尤其涉及 ARRAYFORMULA、原生数组函数、INDEX/OFFSET、MAP/LAMBDA、日期差、多层范围结果与二次展开）时使用。仅针对飞书在线表格，不适用于本地 Excel 文件执行。 |
+| [飞书表格核心操作：分析、编辑与可视化](references/lark-sheets-core-operations.md) | 飞书表格核心操作工作流。当用户需要对已有的飞书表格进行查看、分析、编辑或可视化时使用。适用场景：数据查询与统计、公式计算、表格美化、创建图表/透视表、筛选排序、批量修改数据、调整表格结构等。即使用户没有明确说"飞书表格"，只要操作对象是已有的在线表格，都应触发此工作流。 |
+| [飞书表格样式与配色规范](references/lark-sheets-visual-standards.md) | 飞书表格样式与配色规范：表头/数据区/汇总行的颜色、字号、对齐、边框等取值标准，以及新增汇总行、追加行列继承原表风格、已有区域美化等典型场景的决策流程与样式要点。工具调用参数细节请参考对应的 lark-sheets-write-cells / lark-sheets-range-operations / lark-sheets-batch-update。条件格式（高亮、标红、数据条、色阶）请使用 lark-sheets-conditional-format。 |
+| [飞书表格公式生成规则](references/lark-sheets-formula-translation.md) | Excel 公式到飞书表格公式的迁移与生成规则。核心目标不是保留 Excel 原语法，而是按飞书表格可执行规则重写公式，并在结果上尽量对齐 Excel。当用户要求把 Excel 公式改写成飞书表格公式，或需要生成飞书公式（尤其涉及 ARRAYFORMULA、原生数组函数、INDEX/OFFSET、MAP/LAMBDA、日期差、多层范围结果与二次展开）时使用。 |
+| [飞书表格金融/财务建模规范](references/lark-sheets-financial-modeling-standards.md) | 飞书表格金融/财务/估值建模场景的专业结构与视觉规范：DCF / LBO / Comps / Precedent、三张财务报表、预算与 Variance Analysis、Sensitivity / Scenario、FP&A 等。覆盖科目分类、三表勾稽、Assumptions / Calc / Sensitivity 拆分、年份横向布局、假设颜色编码、财务数字格式、Sensitivity 禁色阶等。与通用视觉规范冲突时以本文为准；用户明确样式或既有模板优先。 |
 
 ### 按对象的工具参考（含 shortcut）
 
 | Reference | 描述 |
 | --- | --- |
-| [Lark Sheet Workbook](references/lark-sheets-workbook.md) | 管理飞书表格的工作簿结构（子表列表及元数据）。当用户提到"看看这个表格有什么"、"表格结构"、"有哪些 sheet"、"新建一个 sheet"、"删除这个工作表"、"重命名"、"复制一份"、"移动到前面"时使用。仅针对飞书表格。 |
-| [Lark Sheet Sheet Structure](references/lark-sheets-sheet-structure.md) | 管理飞书表格的子表结构与布局。适用场景：查看行高、列宽、隐藏行列、合并单元格等布局信息，以及"插入一行"、"删除这列"、"隐藏行"、"冻结表头"、行列分组（大纲折叠/展开）等操作。行列大纲仅在用户明确提到"行分组"、"列分组"、"大纲"、"outline"时才触发，"按XXX分组"等数据分组场景请使用 lark-sheets-pivot-table。如需在表尾追加数据，应先通过此 skill 插入行，再通过 lark-sheets-write-cells 写入。仅针对飞书表格。 |
-| [Lark Sheet Read Data](references/lark-sheets-read-data.md) | 读取飞书表格中的单元格数据。当用户需要"看看数据"、"分析数据"、"统计/汇总"时使用；也适用于需要查看公式、样式、批注等详细信息的场景。仅针对飞书表格。 |
-| [Lark Sheet Search & Replace](references/lark-sheets-search-replace.md) | 在飞书表格中搜索和替换文本，支持限定范围、大小写匹配、精确匹配、正则表达式。当用户需要"查找"、"搜索"、"定位"某个值，或"替换"、"批量修改文本"、"把 A 改成 B"时使用。不要用于理解表格结构（应读取数据）、不要用于数据分析（应读取数据后计算）、不要把用户操作动作中的关键词（如"汇总金额""统计数量"）当作搜索词。仅针对飞书表格。 |
-| [Lark Sheet Write Cells](references/lark-sheets-write-cells.md) | 向飞书表格的指定区域批量写入值、公式、样式、批注或单元格图片。适用场景：填写数据、设置公式、修改格式、添加批注、嵌入单元格图片（如需操作浮动图片，请使用 lark-sheets-float-image）；若只需把一块 CSV 纯值批量铺到表格上（不带公式/样式），直接使用 `+csv-put` 更短更快。追加数据需先通过 lark-sheets-sheet-structure 插入行列。仅针对飞书表格。 |
-| [Lark Sheet Range Operations](references/lark-sheets-range-operations.md) | 对飞书表格中指定区域执行结构性操作（不涉及写入单元格数据值）。适用场景：清除内容或格式（"清空"、"删除内容"、"去掉格式"）、合并/取消合并单元格、调整行高列宽（"加宽列"、"自适应列宽"）、移动/复制/填充/排序数据（"移动数据"、"复制到"、"自动填充"、"按某列排序"）。写入单元格数据请使用 lark-sheets-write-cells。仅针对飞书表格。 |
-| [Lark Sheet Batch Update](references/lark-sheets-batch-update.md) | 将多个飞书表格写入操作合并为一次批量执行，按顺序依次完成。适合需要连续执行多个写入操作的场景（如先修改结构再写入数据）。仅针对飞书表格。 |
-| [Lark Sheet Chart](references/lark-sheets-chart.md) | 管理飞书表格中的图表（柱形图、折线图、饼图、条形图、面积图、散点图、组合图、雷达图等）。当用户需要创建图表、修改图表样式或数据源、查看已有图表配置、删除图表时使用。也适用于用户提到"数据可视化"、"画个图"、"趋势分析"、"对比图"、"占比分析"、"做个图表"等数据可视化相关场景。仅针对飞书表格。 |
-| [Lark Sheet Pivot Table](references/lark-sheets-pivot-table.md) | 管理飞书表格中的数据透视表。当用户需要创建透视表、修改透视表的行列字段/聚合方式/筛选条件、查看已有透视表配置、删除透视表时使用。也适用于用户提到"分组汇总"、"交叉分析"、"按XXX统计"、"按字段分组"、"再分下组"、"多维分析"、"数据透视"等场景。仅针对飞书表格。 |
-| [Lark Sheet Conditional Format](references/lark-sheets-conditional-format.md) | 管理飞书表格中的条件格式规则（重复值高亮、单元格值比较、数据条、色阶、排名、自定义公式等）。当用户需要创建条件格式、修改已有规则的范围或样式、查看当前条件格式配置、删除规则时使用。也适用于用户提到"高亮"、"标红"、"颜色标记"、"数据条"、"色阶"、"条件样式"等场景。仅针对飞书表格。 |
-| [Lark Sheet Filter](references/lark-sheets-filter.md) | 管理飞书表格中的筛选器（filter）。当用户需要筛选数据（按文本/数值/颜色/日期条件过滤行）、查看已有筛选配置、修改或删除筛选器时使用。也适用于"只看"、"筛选出"、"仅保留符合条件的"等场景。仅针对飞书表格。 |
-| [Lark Sheet Filter View](references/lark-sheets-filter-view.md) | 管理飞书表格中的筛选视图（filter view）。当用户需要"建一个 XX 视图"、"保存这个筛选状态"、"切换不同筛选"、维护一个 sheet 上多份独立筛选配置时使用。视图与筛选器（filter）相互独立，可在同一 sheet 共存；视图的隐藏行仅在用户进入该视图时本地生效，不影响其他协作者。仅针对飞书表格。 |
-| [Lark Sheet Sparkline](references/lark-sheets-sparkline.md) | 管理飞书表格中的迷你图（折线迷你图、柱形迷你图、胜负迷你图）。当用户需要在单元格内嵌入小型图表来展示数据趋势时使用。也适用于"趋势线"、"单元格内图表"、"迷你图"等场景。注意：不等同于被禁用的 SPARKLINE() 公式函数。仅针对飞书表格。 |
-| [Lark Sheet Float Image](references/lark-sheets-float-image.md) | 管理飞书表格中的浮动图片。当用户需要在表格中插入浮动图片、调整图片位置和大小、查看已有浮动图片、删除图片时使用。也适用于"插入图片"、"添加 logo"、"放一张图"等场景。注意：如果用户需要将图片嵌入到某个单元格内部（单元格图片），请阅读 lark-sheets-write-cells。仅针对飞书表格。 |
+| [Lark Sheet Workbook](references/lark-sheets-workbook.md) | 管理飞书表格的工作簿结构（子表列表及元数据）。当用户提到"看看这个表格有什么"、"表格结构"、"有哪些 sheet"、"新建一个 sheet"、"删除这个工作表"、"重命名"、"复制一份"、"移动到前面"时使用。 |
+| [Lark Sheet Sheet Structure](references/lark-sheets-sheet-structure.md) | 管理飞书表格的子表结构与布局。适用场景：查看行高、列宽、隐藏行列、合并单元格等布局信息，以及"插入一行"、"删除这列"、"隐藏行"、"冻结表头"、行列分组（大纲折叠/展开）等操作。行列大纲仅在用户明确提到"行分组"、"列分组"、"大纲"、"outline"时才触发，"按XXX分组"等数据分组场景请使用 lark-sheets-pivot-table。如需在表尾追加数据，应先通过此 skill 插入行，再通过 lark-sheets-write-cells 写入。 |
+| [Lark Sheet Read Data](references/lark-sheets-read-data.md) | 读取飞书表格中的单元格数据。当用户需要"看看数据"、"分析数据"、"统计/汇总"时使用；也适用于需要查看公式、样式、批注等详细信息的场景。 |
+| [Lark Sheet Search & Replace](references/lark-sheets-search-replace.md) | 在飞书表格中搜索和替换文本，支持限定范围、大小写匹配、精确匹配、正则表达式。当用户需要"查找"、"搜索"、"定位"某个值，或"替换"、"批量修改文本"、"把 A 改成 B"时使用。不要用于理解表格结构（应读取数据）、不要用于数据分析（应读取数据后计算）、不要把用户操作动作中的关键词（如"汇总金额""统计数量"）当作搜索词。 |
+| [Lark Sheet Write Cells](references/lark-sheets-write-cells.md) | 向飞书表格的指定区域批量写入值、公式、样式、批注或单元格图片。适用场景：填写数据、设置公式、修改格式、添加批注、嵌入单元格图片（如需操作浮动图片，请使用 lark-sheets-float-image）；若只需把一块 CSV 批量铺到表格上（值或公式，不带样式/批注），直接使用 `+csv-put` 更短更快。追加数据需先通过 lark-sheets-sheet-structure 插入行列。 |
+| [Lark Sheet Range Operations](references/lark-sheets-range-operations.md) | 对飞书表格中指定区域执行结构性操作（不涉及写入单元格数据值）。适用场景：清除内容或格式（"清空"、"删除内容"、"去掉格式"）、合并/取消合并单元格、调整行高列宽（"加宽列"、"自适应列宽"）、移动/复制/填充/排序数据（"移动数据"、"复制到"、"自动填充"、"按某列排序"）。写入单元格数据请使用 lark-sheets-write-cells。 |
+| [Lark Sheet Batch Update](references/lark-sheets-batch-update.md) | 将多个飞书表格写入操作合并为一次批量执行，按顺序依次完成。适合需要连续执行多个写入操作的场景（如先修改结构再写入数据）。 |
+| [Lark Sheet Chart](references/lark-sheets-chart.md) | 管理飞书表格中的图表（柱形图、折线图、饼图、条形图、面积图、散点图、组合图、雷达图等）。当用户需要创建图表、修改图表样式或数据源、查看已有图表配置、删除图表时使用。也适用于用户提到"数据可视化"、"画个图"、"趋势分析"、"对比图"、"占比分析"、"做个图表"等数据可视化相关场景。 |
+| [Lark Sheet Pivot Table](references/lark-sheets-pivot-table.md) | 管理飞书表格中的数据透视表。当用户需要创建透视表、修改透视表的行列字段/聚合方式/筛选条件、查看已有透视表配置、删除透视表时使用。也适用于用户提到"分组汇总"、"交叉分析"、"按XXX统计"、"按字段分组"、"再分下组"、"多维分析"、"数据透视"等场景。 |
+| [Lark Sheet Conditional Format](references/lark-sheets-conditional-format.md) | 管理飞书表格中的条件格式规则（重复值高亮、单元格值比较、数据条、色阶、排名、自定义公式等）。当用户需要创建条件格式、修改已有规则的范围或样式、查看当前条件格式配置、删除规则时使用。也适用于用户提到"高亮"、"标红"、"颜色标记"、"数据条"、"色阶"、"条件样式"等场景。 |
+| [Lark Sheet Filter](references/lark-sheets-filter.md) | 管理飞书表格中的筛选器（filter）。当用户需要筛选数据（按文本/数值/颜色/日期条件过滤行）、查看已有筛选配置、修改或删除筛选器时使用。也适用于"只看"、"筛选出"、"仅保留符合条件的"等场景。 |
+| [Lark Sheet Filter View](references/lark-sheets-filter-view.md) | 管理飞书表格中的筛选视图（filter view）。当用户需要"建一个 XX 视图"、"保存这个筛选状态"、"切换不同筛选"、维护一个 sheet 上多份独立筛选配置时使用。视图与筛选器（filter）相互独立，可在同一 sheet 共存；视图的隐藏行仅在用户进入该视图时本地生效，不影响其他协作者。 |
+| [Lark Sheet Sparkline](references/lark-sheets-sparkline.md) | 管理飞书表格中的迷你图（折线迷你图、柱形迷你图、胜负迷你图）。当用户需要在单元格内嵌入小型图表来展示数据趋势时使用。也适用于"趋势线"、"单元格内图表"、"迷你图"等场景。注意：不等同于被禁用的 SPARKLINE() 公式函数。 |
+| [Lark Sheet Float Image](references/lark-sheets-float-image.md) | 管理飞书表格中的浮动图片。当用户需要在表格中插入浮动图片、调整图片位置和大小、查看已有浮动图片、删除图片时使用。也适用于"插入图片"、"添加 logo"、"放一张图"等场景。注意：如果用户需要将图片嵌入到某个单元格内部（单元格图片），请阅读 lark-sheets-write-cells。 |
 
 ## 公共 flag 速查
 
@@ -102,7 +107,7 @@ metadata:
 1. **spreadsheet 定位（必填）**：`--url` 与 `--spreadsheet-token` 二选一，**必须给其中之一**。两个都不给 → 校验报错 `specify at least one of --url or --spreadsheet-token`；两个都给 → 互斥冲突。
    - **`--url` 只解析 `/sheets/` 与 `/spreadsheets/` 两种链接**（从路径里抽出 token；也可以直接把裸 token 传给 `--spreadsheet-token`）。其它形态的链接不会被解析成表格 token。
    - ⚠️ **`/wiki/` 知识库链接不能直接当表格定位用**：wiki 链接背后可能是电子表格，也可能是文档 / 多维表格等其它类型，`--url` **不会**自动把 wiki token 解析成 spreadsheet token，直接传会失败。必须先把它解析成真实文档 token —— `lark-cli wiki +node-get --node-token "<wiki 链接或 token>"`，确认返回的 `obj_type` 为 `sheet` 后，取其 `obj_token` 作为 `--spreadsheet-token` 传入（解析细节见 [`../lark-wiki/SKILL.md`](../lark-wiki/SKILL.md)）。
-   - **例外**：`+workbook-create` 是新建一个还不存在的表格，**不接受任何 spreadsheet / sheet 定位 flag**（只有 `--title` / `--folder-token` / `--headers` / `--values`）。
+   - **例外**：`+workbook-create`（新建表 + 可选写入数据）与 `+workbook-import`（把本地文件导入为新表）都产出一张**还不存在**的表格，**不接受任何 spreadsheet / sheet 定位 flag**——`+workbook-create` 只有 `--title` / `--folder-token` / `--values` / `--styles` / `--sheets`，`+workbook-import` 只有 `--file`（必填）/ `--folder-token` / `--name`。
 2. **sheet 定位（公共四件套 shortcut 必填）**：`--sheet-id` 与 `--sheet-name` 二选一，**必须给其中之一**。两个都不给 → 校验报错 `specify at least one of --sheet-id or --sheet-name`。
    - ⚠️ **不确定 sheet 名时禁止直接猜 `Sheet1`**：除非用户对话明确说出 sheet 名 / id，或上下文（之前的工具调用 / URL 锚点 `?sheet=xxx`）已经出现过具体值，否则**第一步先调 `+workbook-info --url "..."`**（或 `--spreadsheet-token`）拿 `sheets[].sheet_id` / `sheets[].title` 列表再选。中文环境下子表常叫"数据" / "Sheet"（无数字）/ "工作表 1" / 业务名，猜 `Sheet1` 大概率撞 `sheet not found`，比先查多耗一次失败调用 + 重试。
    - ⚠️ **`--range` 里的 `Sheet1!` 前缀不能替代 sheet 定位**：即使写了 `--range 'Sheet1!A1:B2'`，仍**必须**额外传 `--sheet-id` 或 `--sheet-name`，否则照样报上面的错。

skills/lark-sheets/references/lark-sheets-chart.md

@@ -36,7 +36,8 @@
   - **默认情况（inline 模式）**：`refs` 范围**应包含表头行**（首行/首列即系列名），且范围要精确覆盖目标数据，不要多选或少选。
   - **合并标题行要跳过**：如果表格在表头上方存在合并的标题行（如"员工统计表"横跨多列的大标题），`refs` 必须跳过标题行、从真正的列标题行开始。例如表头在第 3 行、数据在第 4-20 行，则 `refs` 应为 `A3:G20` 而非 `A1:G20`。包含合并标题行会导致列名识别错误、表头被当作数据参与聚合计算。
   - **数据与表头分离时必须用 detached 模式**：当 `refs` 只覆盖完整数据的一个子集（按筛选/分组只画其中一段），而真正的语义表头在该子集之外时，**必须**设置 `snapshot.data.headerMode='detached'`：refs 仅传纯数据范围，维度名/系列名通过 `snapshot.data.dim1.serie.nameRef` / `snapshot.data.dim2.series[].nameRef` 指向真正的表头单元格。详见下文"硬性规则：数据与表头分离场景必须使用 detached 模式"。
-- **axes[].label 不接受 `format` / `number_format` 字段**：想给坐标轴数值加千分位、百分号等格式化时，不要在 `axes[i].label` 里传 `format` 或 `number_format`（schema 未定义，会报 `unexpected property "format" is not defined in schema`）。数值格式化统一在源数据单元格的 `cell_styles.number_format` 里设置（写 `+cells-set` 时），图表会沿用单元格格式。
+- **axes[].label 不接受 `format` / `number_format` 字段**：想给坐标轴数值加千分位、百分号等格式化时，不要在 `axes[i].label` 里传 `format` 或 `number_format`（schema 未定义，会报 `unexpected property "format" is not defined in schema`）。数值格式化统一在源数据单元格的 `cell_styles.number_format` 里设置（写 `+cells-set` 时），图表会沿用单元格格式。**日期轴同理**：横轴显示成 `45297` 这类 Excel 序列号，是因为源日期列没设日期格式——给源列设 `number_format="yyyy-mm-dd"` 后横轴才会显示成日期（反例：折线图横轴日期显示为序列号）。大数值轴显示科学计数法同理，给源列设整数 / 千分位格式（反例：透视表数值轴显示科学计数法）。
+- **轴口径要对齐用户要的指标**：用户要"占比 / 比例"时，**纵轴应是百分比**——用饼图，或柱 / 条形图设 `stack.percentage: true` 让纵轴变 %，并把数据源指向占比列 / 让数据标签显示百分比；不要交付纵轴仍是原始计数的图（反例：要求看各类占比，却用普通堆积柱、纵轴是 0–350 的人数而非百分比）。
 - **创建后必须验证**：图表创建后必须调用 `+chart-list` 验证配置是否正确
 
 > **⚠️ 硬性规则：当用户通过列标题名称（而非列索引）指定横轴/纵轴系列时，必须先读取表格首行（表头）来确定列名与列索引的对应关系，再设置 `dim1`/`dim2` 的 `index`。**
@@ -84,15 +85,17 @@
 
 1. **查尺寸**：`+workbook-info` 拿该 sheet 的 `row_count` / `column_count`（下文记为 rowCount / columnCount；`+sheet-info` 只返回布局，不含行列总数）。
 2. **估跨度**：默认单元格 **105 px 宽 × 27 px 高**，`needCols = ceil(width/105)`，`needRows = ceil(height/27)`。
-3. **校验**：`position.row + needRows ≤ rowCount` 且 `col_idx + needCols ≤ columnCount`（col 按 A=0、B=1、…、Z=25、AA=26… 换算）。
+3. **校验**：`position.row + needRows ≤ rowCount` 且 `col_idx + needCols ≤ columnCount`（`position.row` 为 **0-based**：首行 = `row:0`，与 A1 区间 / `+dim-insert --position` 的 1-based 行号不同；col 按 A=0、B=1、…、Z=25、AA=26… 换算）。
 4. **不够就先扩表**，二选一，禁止硬塞越界位置：
    - **优先**放数据下方空区：`position = {row: data_end_row + 2, col: "A"}`；
    - 否则先调 `+dim-insert`（`lark-sheets-sheet-structure`）扩行/列，再 create。
 
+⚠️ **图表落点禁止压在已有数据矩形内**——必须落在数据区**右侧或下方的空白**，否则图表浮层会遮挡原始数据被判失败（反例：折线图落在数据区中间，遮挡了下方原始数据）。
+
 **示例**：21 列 sheet 放 600×400 图 → `needCols=6, needRows=15`
 - ❌ `{row: 0, col: "W"}` — col=22 越界
 - ✅ `{row: 42, col: "A"}` — 放数据下方
-- ✅ 先 `+dim-insert --dimension column --start 21 --end 27`（在 U 列后插 6 列；U=index 20，after 即从 21 起），再放图到 `{row: 0, col: "V"}`
+- ✅ 先 `+dim-insert --position V --count 6`（在 V 列前插 6 列，即 U 列之后），再放图到 `{row: 0, col: "V"}`
 
 ## Shortcuts
 
@@ -147,9 +150,9 @@ _公共四件套 · 系统：`--yes`、`--dry-run`_
 _创建/更新的图表属性_
 
 **顶层字段**：
-- `position` (object) — 必填 { row: number, col: string }
+- `position` (object?) — 必填 { row: number, col: string }
 - `offset` (object?) — 可选 { row_offset?: number, col_offset?: number }
-- `size` (object) — 必填 { width: number, height: number }
+- `size` (object?) — 必填 { width: number, height: number }
 - `snapshot` (object?) — 图表快照配置 { title?: object, subTitle?: object, style?: object, legend?: oneOf, plotArea: object, …共 6 项 }
 
 ## Examples
@@ -164,24 +167,28 @@ _创建/更新的图表属性_
 
 > **`snapshot.data` 必填 `dim1.serie.index` 或 `dim2.series[].index` 之一**（1-based，对应 `refs.value` 范围内的列序）。schema 允许传空 `{}` 但 server 运行时强制：缺则被拒为 `snapshot.data.dim1.serie.index and dim2.series[].index are both missing; at least one must be set`，即便侥幸通过也只会渲染空图。
 
+> ⚠️ **含 `'Sheet'!` 前缀的 `--properties` 必须走 stdin 或 `@file`，不要用 inline 单引号**。`refs` / `nameRef` 里的 sheet 前缀带单引号（`'Sheet1'!A1`），若塞进 inline 的 `--properties '{...}'`，bash 会把内层那对单引号吃掉（sheet 名带空格还会被拆成多个词），JSON 直接被破坏。下面示例统一用 `--properties - <<'JSON' … JSON`（heredoc 定界符加引号 = 不做 shell 替换），或 `--properties @file.json`（`@` 只接 cwd 下相对路径）。
+
 最小可用列图（inline 模式：refs 含表头行）：
 
 ```bash
 lark-cli sheets +chart-create --url "https://example.feishu.cn/sheets/shtXXX" \
-  --sheet-name "Sheet1" --properties '{
-    "position":{"row":42,"col":"A"},
-    "size":{"width":600,"height":400},
-    "snapshot":{
-      "data":{
-        "refs":[{"value":"'Sheet1'!A1:B10"}],
-        "dim1":{"serie":{"index":1}},
-        "dim2":{"series":[{"index":2}]}
-      },
-      "plotArea":{"plot":{"type":"column"}}
-    }
-  }'
+  --sheet-name "Sheet1" --properties - <<'JSON'
+{
+  "position":{"row":42,"col":"A"},
+  "size":{"width":600,"height":400},
+  "snapshot":{
+    "data":{
+      "refs":[{"value":"'Sheet1'!A1:B10"}],
+      "dim1":{"serie":{"index":1}},
+      "dim2":{"series":[{"index":2}]}
+    },
+    "plotArea":{"plot":{"type":"column"}}
+  }
+}
+JSON
 
-# 走文件（推荐配置较多时）
+# 或落到 cwd 下相对路径文件再用 @file
 lark-cli sheets +chart-create --url "..." --sheet-name "Sheet1" --properties @chart-config.json
 ```
 
@@ -190,7 +197,8 @@ lark-cli sheets +chart-create --url "..." --sheet-name "Sheet1" --properties @ch
 饼图比 column / bar 更复杂：`sectors` 是 object，里面再包一个**单数** `sector` 数组——CLI 不替你 normalize，写错路径会被 server schema 直接拒。
 
 ```bash
-lark-cli sheets +chart-create --url "..." --sheet-name "Sheet1" --properties '{
+lark-cli sheets +chart-create --url "..." --sheet-name "Sheet1" --properties - <<'JSON'
+{
   "position":{"row":24,"col":"F"},
   "size":{"width":600,"height":450},
   "snapshot":{
@@ -208,7 +216,8 @@ lark-cli sheets +chart-create --url "..." --sheet-name "Sheet1" --properties '{
       "dim2":{"series":[{"index":2,"aggregateType":"sum"}]}
     }
   }
-}'
+}
+JSON
 ```
 
 **数据与表头分离（必须用 `detached` + `nameRef`）**：
@@ -216,7 +225,8 @@ lark-cli sheets +chart-create --url "..." --sheet-name "Sheet1" --properties '{
 场景：周度销量明细表，真实表头在第 1 行（A1=周次、C1=订单量、D1=退款量），数据按 B 列"店铺"分段；用户只要"3 号店"那一段（第 11–17 行）。
 
 ```bash
-lark-cli sheets +chart-create --url "..." --sheet-name "Sheet2" --properties '{
+lark-cli sheets +chart-create --url "..." --sheet-name "Sheet2" --properties - <<'JSON'
+{
   "position":{"row":7,"col":"F"},
   "size":{"width":600,"height":360},
   "snapshot":{
@@ -233,7 +243,8 @@ lark-cli sheets +chart-create --url "..." --sheet-name "Sheet2" --properties '{
       ]}
     }
   }
-}'
+}
+JSON
 ```
 
 约束：

skills/lark-sheets/references/lark-sheets-core-operations.md

@@ -4,29 +4,35 @@
 
 面向"已有飞书表格"的核心工作流，核心原则：**先了解，再分析或写入，最后验证**。本文是方法论总纲；具体工具的参数细节、边界陷阱在对应子 skill，本文用指针引到那里，不重复展开。
 
-**三份「通用方法与规范」如何分工**（都不含 shortcut，按主题单一归属）：
+**四份「通用方法与规范」如何分工**（都不含 shortcut，按主题单一归属）：
 
 - **本文（core-operations）= 流程与铁律**：端到端工作流 + 全局铁律 + 横切陷阱，是读取入口与枢纽。
 - **`lark-sheets-visual-standards` = 样式知识**：配色 / 表头 / 数值格式 / 斑马纹 / 美化决策等"正确视觉输出"的全部标准。
 - **`lark-sheets-formula-translation` = 公式知识**：飞书公式书写与 Excel 迁移的全部正确性规则（绝对引用、范围语法、数组语义、不支持函数等）。
+- **`lark-sheets-financial-modeling-standards` = 金融/财务建模知识**：DCF / 三张表 / 预算 / Sensitivity 等专业模型的结构、公式、颜色编码、数字格式与验收规则；与通用视觉规范冲突时以金融规范为准。
 
 > **下面的铁律对所有任务一律生效**，即使你是被索引直接路由进 visual 或 formula 而没经过本文——编辑类任务务必先回到这里过一遍铁律。
 
 ## 铁律（所有编辑类任务必须满足，子 skill 不得放宽）
 
-1. **最小改动**：除用户明示要改的单元格 / 列外，原表其它单元格、行列结构、Sheet 名、合并区、格式必须 1:1 保持。中间结果优先放原数据**右侧**；会与原数据混淆或要承载透视表 / 图表时才**新建空白 Sheet**。**禁止**擅自删 / 改名 / 隐藏 / 移动**已存在**的 Sheet（新建允许，节制使用）。
-2. **真实写回 + 回读校验**：交付必须是对在线表格的真实写入，并 `+csv-get` / `+cells-get` / `+<对象>-list` 回读校验。**严禁**只在文本里描述"已完成"、用普通公式 / 文本假装结构化对象、或只给占位而无真实写入。
+1. **最小改动**：除用户明示要改的单元格 / 列外，原表其它单元格、行列结构、Sheet 名、合并区、格式必须 1:1 保持。中间结果优先放原数据**右侧**；会与原数据混淆或要承载透视表 / 图表时才**新建空白 Sheet**。**禁止**擅自删 / 改名 / 隐藏 / 移动**已存在**的 Sheet（新建允许，节制使用）。**改写 / 转换类任务要精确圈定适用行列**：只对任务真正要求的对象做变换，**不该转的行 / 列保持原值 1:1**（典型反例：要求"统一翻译"时把本就是中文、应原样保留的评论也重新翻译；要求"改写某列格式"时连原始测量值也一并改动 → 应保留的原文被篡改）。
+2. **真实写回 + 回读校验**：交付必须是对在线表格的真实写入，并 `+csv-get` / `+cells-get` / `+<对象>-list` 回读校验。**严禁**只在文本里描述"已完成"、用普通公式 / 文本假装结构化对象、或只给占位而无真实写入。**收尾前必须确认产物文件真实存在 / 可导出**——别在没真正生成产物时只凭文本"已完成"就结束（反例：文本称已完成，实际没生成产物文件，等于没交付）。
 3. **读全再写，禁止只探前 N 行**：批量填充 / 补齐 / 修正类任务必须先确认**真实数据末行**再写，否则会漏写表尾（高频致命错误）。完整的"按表格形态分流读取 + `current_region` / `has_more` 兜底 + 真实末行确认"流程见 `lark-sheets-read-data` 的「确定数据范围的正确流程」。
-4. **公式优先于硬编码**：能用飞书公式表达的计算（总计 / 占比 / 增长率 / 提取 / 查找等）一律写公式而非静态值，源数据变化才能自动重算。用户口头的"分列 / 排序 / 求和 / 提取"也要落地为公式或原生工具（SORT / `TEXTBEFORE` / `MID` / 透视表 等）。Excel 公式迁移、数组语义、不支持函数清单一律以 `lark-sheets-formula-translation` 为唯一权威。
+4. **公式优先于硬编码**：能用飞书公式表达的计算（总计 / 占比 / 增长率 / 提取 / 查找等）一律写公式而非静态值，源数据变化才能自动重算。用户口头的"分列 / 排序 / 求和 / 提取"也要落地为公式或原生工具（SORT / `TEXTBEFORE` / `MID` / 透视表 等）。Excel 公式迁移、数组语义、不支持函数清单一律以 `lark-sheets-formula-translation` 为唯一权威。**即使用户没说"联动 / 自动更新"，凡是可由表内其它单元格推导的派生值（年龄=当年-出生年、占比=本类数/总数、达标=阈值判断、排名、各类分组汇总）默认就必须用公式**——用户默认期望派生列能随源数据重算，**离线 Python / 脚本算完写静态值，即便当前数值正确，改了源数据也不会自动更新，等于没满足"派生"的本意**（反例：年龄、月度汇总、占比、分组求和等派生列写死值，源数据一改结果就过时）。
 5. **续写 / 扩展必须继承样式**：续写、补齐、复制区块、新增行列时，**禁止**只读值只写值。必须连带 `cell_styles` + `border_styles` + 合并 + 行高一起继承。完整继承清单与做法见 `lark-sheets-write-cells` 的「新增列 / 新增行的样式继承」（`border_styles` 四边最易漏）。
 6. **多步写入优先 `+batch-update`**：多个连续写入、或同一工具对多个区域重复调用（多次 merge / resize / cells-set），必须合并为单次原子 `+batch-update`。语义与不可嵌套的限制见 `lark-sheets-batch-update`。
 7. **分组汇总必须用透视表**："按 X 统计 Y / 分组汇总 / 各部门数量金额"必须用 `+pivot-{create|update|delete}`（推荐省略 sheet_id 自动新建子表），**禁止**用 SUMIF / COUNTIF 或本地脚本覆盖原表替代。
-8. **任务拆成可验证 checklist**：落地前把指令拆成所有"独立可验证子要点"，每点一个 `assert`，全部通过才交付：多维度操作（按部门一/二/三级排序）每维一个 assert；多目标（删 N 行）每目标一个；多格式兼容（多种日期格式）每种至少一个样本；范围类（A1:H11 加边框）起 / 末行 / 末列三边界都核。只完成第一个要点（只排一级、只删 1 行）属违规。
+8. **任务拆成可验证 checklist**：落地前把指令拆成所有"独立可验证子要点"，每点一个 `assert`，全部通过才交付：多维度操作（按部门一/二/三级排序）每维一个 assert；多目标（删 N 行）每目标一个；多格式兼容（多种日期格式）每种至少一个样本；范围类（A1:H11 加边框）起 / 末行 / 末列三边界都核。只完成第一个要点（只排一级、只删 1 行）属违规。**题面 / 表头里写明的格式规范也是子要点**：表头注明"需标注某字段"就必须给对应单元格加规定前缀并逐条 assert 前缀存在（反例：漏加规定前缀，该要点即不达标）；"相同编号连续行合并"必须遍历所有相同编号组全部合并（反例：只合并了其中一部分组）。
 9. **全量处理要前置断言条数**：翻译 / 打标 / 批量公式落地等逐条任务，落地前把"预期处理条数"硬编码进代码，处理完 `assert actual == expected`。**严禁**输出"已完成前 N 条，剩余将继续"的半成品。
+10. **数值与日期交付前必做正确性自检**（高频致命失分，子 skill 不得放宽）：写回后，对"用户会逐个核对的计算列 / 汇总值"逐项自检，**不通过不得交付**。三类最易翻车、必查：
+    - **单位 / 量级**：源数据单位（元 / 万元 / 亿）与目标输出单位不一致时，换算因子（÷10000 / ÷1e8）必须显式落实并核对量级——把首行结果与源值手算比一遍数量级，例如"总额 235.97 万"绝不能落成 "2359731.87 万"（漏除 10000）。求和 / 占比 / 同比的中间值也要带正确单位。
+    - **日期月日不颠倒**：序列号 / 字符串解析日期后，抽 3-5 个样本核对**月、日没有互换**（`2024-08-09` 不能写成 `2024-09-08`），跨格式列（`YYYYMM`/`M/D/Y`/带时间戳）逐种格式各核一个样本。
+    - **公式结果 sanity**：写完公式读结果列**首 5 + 末 5 行**，检查有无不合理值——负的时长 / 年龄、超界百分比（>100% 或 <0）、量级离谱的金额、`#VALUE!`/`#REF!`/`#DIV/0!`；跨天时间差、身份证算年龄等易错逻辑必须用真实样本验算一遍再全量落地。
+11. **交付前核对"未改动区"**（最小改动的强校验，配合铁律 1）：凡是"在原表/原文件上追加 / 补列 / 修正"类任务，交付前必须显式确认原有内容 1:1 保留：① 原有 Sheet 清单（数量 / 名称）一个不少、未被删 / 改名 / 覆盖；② 用户明示要改的列之外，原有列的值未被改写；③ 对关键原始区域回读做 diff 比对（读改动前快照或重新读原列样本），确认非目标区零异常 diff。**严禁**新建一张表只填自己生成的内容、却丢掉或覆盖原表的其它 Sheet / 列。
 
 ## 推荐工作流程
 
-1. **规划 skill 清单**：开工前一次性列出本任务要读的子 skill（避免读一个调一个），本轮已读过的不重复读。本 skill + `lark-sheets-workbook` 几乎每次都要。
+1. **规划 skill 清单**：开工前一次性列出本任务要读的子 skill（避免读一个调一个），本轮已读过的不重复读。本 skill + `lark-sheets-workbook` 几乎每次都要；任务涉及 DCF、三张表、预算、Variance、Sensitivity、估值、FP&A 等金融/财务建模时，必须额外读取 `lark-sheets-financial-modeling-standards`。
 2. **了解结构**：先 `+workbook-info` 拿子表列表 / 行列数 / 冻结位置（不可猜测，猜错会越界覆盖）；涉及合并 / 隐藏 / 分组 / 行高列宽再用 `lark-sheets-sheet-structure` 的 `+sheet-info`。
 3. **读取数据（按任务类型选路径，细则见 `lark-sheets-read-data`）**：
 
@@ -57,7 +63,11 @@
 
 6. **写入与修改（细节见 `lark-sheets-write-cells`）**：`+cells-set` 的 `range` 必须落在已有行列范围内、`cells` 二维数组与 `range` 严格同维；表尾追加先用 `+dim-insert` 插行列再写；整列 / 整行同结构的值 / 公式 / 格式用模板单元格 + `--copy-to-range`，禁止逐行 `+cells-set`；多步写入合并为 `+batch-update`；改尺寸先读相邻可见行列当前尺寸再决定 `pixel` / `standard` / `auto`，不要猜数值。
 
-7. **验证**：重新读取受影响区域确认值 / 公式 / 样式 / 批注符合预期；对象类（图表 / 透视表 / 条件格式 / 筛选 / 迷你图 / 浮动图片）重新读对象配置确认；出错先定位错误类型 / 受影响区域 / 根因再修复重验。
+7. **验证**：重新读取受影响区域确认值 / 公式 / 样式 / 批注符合预期；对象类（图表 / 透视表 / 条件格式 / 筛选 / 迷你图 / 浮动图片）重新读对象配置确认；出错先定位错误类型 / 受影响区域 / 根因再修复重验。验证必须落到以下可执行清单（对应铁律 8-11）：
+   - **逐要点 checklist**：把用户指令拆成的每个独立子要点（每种应扣项 / 每个统计量 / 每段说明文字 / 底部备注等）逐条确认已真实落地，缺一即不算完成——常见漏项：要求"拆分五险一金为 6 项"只写了 1 项、要求"含底部备注/趋势分析文字"却没写、要求"每个 sheet 含最大/最小/平均"漏了某个统计量。
+   - **数值/日期自检**（铁律 10）：单位量级、月日不颠倒、公式结果 sanity 三项各抽样核对。
+   - **未改动区 diff**（铁律 11）：原 Sheet 清单与原列内容 1:1 保留，非目标区零异常 diff。
+   - **对象非空**：透视表 / 图表创建后必须回读确认**有实际行列内容**，不能只建了空壳子表（空透视表 = 未完成）。
 
 ## 用本地代码 / 脚本时的 CLI 配合要点
 
@@ -67,6 +77,7 @@
 - **喂给 CLI 的 CSV / JSON 用 UTF-8、不带 BOM**：BOM 会污染首格的值或触发 `invalid character` 解析错；脚本读写文件时显式指定 `encoding='utf-8'`。
 - **临时文件交给运行时的标准库**：用 `tempfile.gettempdir()` / `os.tmpdir()` 等取临时目录，不要硬编码固定路径；放在用户项目目录之外。
 - **命令失败先读错误再调整**：同一条命令失败后不要原样重发；先看 stderr 的报错（参数错误、缺依赖、解释器不可用等）定位原因，再决定换写法、补依赖或退回原生工具。
+- **写回的必须是纯单元格值，禁止把"值+样式标注"串当值写回**：本地脚本或某些 xlsx 解析库会把单元格渲染成 `甲方支行(V-Align: bottom)` 这种"值(样式)"字符串，CSV 字段还可能带包裹双引号。回写前必须**剥离括号样式标注、去掉残留引号**，只写原始值——否则样式描述会变成单元格的字面文本污染原数据（反例：排序后单元格值里被写进 `(V-Align: bottom)` 这类样式后缀文本，末尾还多一个双引号）。**排序本身优先用 `+range-sort` 原生工具**，不要"读出来本地排完再整列写回"，从根上避免这类回写污染。
 
 ## 公式策略
 

skills/lark-sheets/references/lark-sheets-filter-view.md

@@ -109,6 +109,17 @@ lark-cli sheets +filter-view-create --url "..." --sheet-id "$SID" \
   --properties '{"rules":[{"column_index":"C","conditions":[{"type":"number","compare_type":"greaterThan","values":[100]}]}]}'
 ```
 
+**`conditions[].type` × `compare_type` 取值**（`type` 决定可用的 `compare_type`；两者均必填）：
+
+| `type` | 可用 `compare_type` | `values` |
+|---|---|---|
+| `text` | `contains` / `doesNotContain` / `beginsWith` / `doesNotBeginWith` / `endsWith` / `doesNotEndWith` / `equals` / `notEquals` | 字符串数组 |
+| `number` | `equal` / `notEqual` / `greaterThan` / `greaterThanOrEqual` / `lessThan` / `lessThanOrEqual` / `between` / `notBetween` | 数值（或数值字符串）数组；`between` / `notBetween` 传两个边界 |
+| `multiValue` | `equal` / `notEqual` | 字符串数组（精确匹配其中任一值） |
+| `color` | `backgroundColor` / `foregroundColor` | 不传 `values`（按单元格颜色筛选） |
+
+> ⚠️ `text` 用 `equals` / `notEquals`（**带 s**），`number` / `multiValue` 用 `equal` / `notEqual`（**不带 s**）——别混。完整 schema 跑 `+filter-view-create --print-schema --flag-name properties`。
+
 > `--range` **必须覆盖表头行**（如 `A1:F1000`），不能只包含数据行；`--view-name` 重名时服务端自动改名。
 
 ### `+filter-view-update`

skills/lark-sheets/references/lark-sheets-filter.md

@@ -102,6 +102,17 @@ lark-cli sheets +filter-create --url "..." --sheet-id "$SID" \
   --properties '{"rules":[{"column_index":"B","conditions":[{"type":"multiValue","compare_type":"equal","values":["北京","上海"]}]}]}'
 ```
 
+**`conditions[].type` × `compare_type` 取值**（`type` 决定可用的 `compare_type`；两者均必填）：
+
+| `type` | 可用 `compare_type` | `values` |
+|---|---|---|
+| `text` | `contains` / `doesNotContain` / `beginsWith` / `doesNotBeginWith` / `endsWith` / `doesNotEndWith` / `equals` / `notEquals` | 字符串数组 |
+| `number` | `equal` / `notEqual` / `greaterThan` / `greaterThanOrEqual` / `lessThan` / `lessThanOrEqual` / `between` / `notBetween` | 数值（或数值字符串）数组；`between` / `notBetween` 传两个边界 |
+| `multiValue` | `equal` / `notEqual` | 字符串数组（精确匹配其中任一值） |
+| `color` | `backgroundColor` / `foregroundColor` | 不传 `values`（按单元格颜色筛选） |
+
+> ⚠️ `text` 用 `equals` / `notEquals`（**带 s**），`number` / `multiValue` 用 `equal` / `notEqual`（**不带 s**）——别混。完整 schema 跑 `+filter-create --print-schema --flag-name properties`。
+
 ### `+filter-update`
 
 > ⚠️ update 是覆盖式：`--properties` 中传新 `rules` 会替换旧组。如只想加一条，要带上已有的全部条件再追加。必填 `--range`。

skills/lark-sheets/references/lark-sheets-financial-modeling-standards.md

@@ -0,0 +1,346 @@
+# 飞书表格金融/财务建模规范
+
+## 定位与优先级
+
+本文用于飞书在线表格中的金融、财务、估值和经营分析场景，包括 DCF / LBO / Comps / Precedent、三张财务报表、预算与 Variance Analysis、Sensitivity / Scenario Analysis、资本结构、Unit Economics、Market Sizing、FP&A 和投研/投行/PE/咨询模型。
+
+优先级从高到低：
+
+1. 用户明确指令或既有模板样式。
+2. 本金融/财务建模规范。
+3. 通用核心操作、视觉规范与公式规则。
+
+如果本文与通用视觉规范冲突，以本文为准。典型冲突：
+
+| 通用规范 | 财务模型规范 |
+| --- | --- |
+| 数据行较多时可使用斑马纹 | 财务模型默认禁止斑马纹，避免干扰小计/合计识别 |
+| 可用数据条、色阶强化可视化 | Sensitivity 禁止色阶、数据条和图标集 |
+| 列宽按内容自适应 | 年份列必须紧凑等宽；标签列才加宽 |
+| 可用柔和竖线分隔区域 | 普通财务模型禁止竖线；Sensitivity 矩阵浅灰细框是唯一例外 |
+
+## 按任务裁剪
+
+不要把全套 DCF 规范套到简单费用表。先判断任务类型，再选择规则。
+
+| 任务类型 | 必用规则 | 不要做 |
+| --- | --- | --- |
+| 三表整理 / 标准化 | 科目分类、三表结构、勾稽验证、颜色编码、数字格式、单位、年份横向布局、小计/合计边框 | 不需要 Sensitivity |
+| DCF / LBO / 估值模型 | 假设/计算/输出分层，多 sheet 拆分，横向年份，假设单独落地，公式引用假设，Sensitivity 按需独立 | 不要把假设硬编码进公式 |
+| Comps / Precedent | 科目口径、颜色编码、数字格式、单位、分区和小计样式 | 通常不需要三表勾稽，不强制拆多 sheet |
+| 预算 / Variance Analysis | 颜色编码、数字格式、横向期间、差异列公式、汇总边框 | 不需要 Terminal Value / WACC |
+| 简单 FP&A 汇总 / 费用表 | 基础颜色编码、数字格式、单位、合理列宽 | 不强行拆 sheet，不强行做三层边框 |
+| 单项 Sensitivity / Scenario | 假设分离、Sensitivity 专用视觉规范、baseline 标注 | 不使用色阶/数据条 |
+
+## Pandas / DataFrame 落地路径
+
+金融和财务任务经常先用 Python / pandas 做清洗、分组、透视、回归、敏感性计算或估值汇总，再把 DataFrame 写回飞书表格。只要结果列里有金额、百分比、日期、计数、倍数等数值语义，默认走 typed 表格协议，不要先把 DataFrame 格式化成 CSV 字符串。
+
+按目标选择写入命令：
+
+| 目标 | 命令 | 用法 |
+| --- | --- | --- |
+| 写入已有 spreadsheet | `+table-put --sheets` | 把 DataFrame 转成 `{sheets:[...]}`，按 sheet 名匹配，缺 sheet 时创建，支持覆盖 / 追加 |
+| 新建 spreadsheet 并写入结果 | `+workbook-create --sheets` | 协议与 `+table-put` 同构，一步建表 + typed 写入，适合 pandas 算完直接交付新模型 |
+
+typed payload 结构（形状对齐 pandas `df.to_json(orient="split")`）：
+
+```json
+{
+  "sheets": [
+    {
+      "name": "Output",
+      "start_cell": "A1",
+      "mode": "overwrite",
+      "columns": ["Date", "Revenue", "EBITDA Margin"],
+      "dtypes": {"Date": "datetime64[ns]", "Revenue": "float64", "EBITDA Margin": "float64"},
+      "formats": {"Revenue": "$#,##0;($#,##0);\"-\"", "EBITDA Margin": "0.0%"},
+      "data": [
+        ["2026-12-31", 708000000, 0.29]
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
+```
+
+pandas 构造（用 write-cells reference 里的 5 行 `df_to_sheet(df, name, formats=None)` helper）：
+
+```python
+payload = {"sheets": [
+    df_to_sheet(df, "Output",
+                formats={"Revenue": "$#,##0;($#,##0);\"-\"",
+                         "EBITDA Margin": "0.0%"})
+]}
+# 多 sheet 时 helper 优势更明显——income / balance / cashflow / sensitivity 各一行：
+payload = {"sheets": [df_to_sheet(income, "Income Statement"),
+                      df_to_sheet(balance, "Balance Sheet"),
+                      df_to_sheet(cashflow, "Cash Flow"),
+                      df_to_sheet(sensitivity, "Sensitivity",
+                                  formats={"WACC": "0.00%", "Terminal Growth": "0.00%"})]}
+```
+
+DataFrame 转 payload 时按业务语义对齐 dtype + format：
+
+- 金额、收入、费用、利润、人数、股数、倍数、百分比都是 `number`（dtype 用 `int64` / `float64`，或 nullable `Int64` / `Float64`）；百分比存小数，如 `12.5%` 写 `0.125`，靠 `formats[列名]="0.0%"` 显示。
+- 日期列用 `datetime64[ns]`（pandas 默认 dtype，CLI 映射成 date），值用 ISO 日期字符串；不要把日期预格式化成普通文本。
+- 订单号、股票代码、员工编号等需要保留前导零或不参与计算的字段用 `object`（dtype 缺省也是这个，含前导零的字符串会被 CLI 自动套文本格式 `@`、读回不塌缩成数字）。
+- pandas 计算出的源数据 / 输出表先用 `+table-put` 或 `+workbook-create --sheets` 落地；公式、颜色编码、边框、Sensitivity baseline 高亮再用 `+cells-set` / `+cells-set-style` 补。
+
+## 财务逻辑规范
+
+### 科目标准分类
+
+整理原始科目时，不能把 raw data 机械拼接成报表。必须按 GAAP / IFRS 和财务建模惯例分类。
+
+Income Statement 关键分类：
+
+| 分类 | 示例 | 高频错误 |
+| --- | --- | --- |
+| Revenue | Product Revenue、Service Revenue、Subscription、License | 把 Other Income 混入主营收入 |
+| COGS | 直接人工、直接材料、制造费用、SaaS hosting/infrastructure、支付处理费 | 把 Implementation SG&A / Customer Success 误归 COGS |
+| SG&A | G&A、Sales & Marketing、Implementation SG&A、Customer Success、Operations SG&A、Shared Service | 把 Marketing 误归 COGS；漏掉分摊费用 |
+| R&D | Research、Product Development、Engineering Payroll | 并入 G&A |
+| D&A | Depreciation、Amortization | 埋在 COGS 或 SG&A 里 |
+| Non-operating | Interest、FX、One-time Items | 和 Operating Income 混淆 |
+| Tax | Income Tax Expense / Benefit | 当作经营费用 |
+
+Balance Sheet 按 Current / Non-current 拆分 Assets、Liabilities、Equity；Cash、AR、Inventory、Prepaids 属 Current Assets，PP&E / Goodwill / Intangibles 属 Non-current Assets，AP / Accrued / ST Debt / Deferred Revenue 属 Current Liabilities，LT Debt / Deferred Tax 属 Non-current Liabilities。
+
+Cash Flow Statement 使用间接法：Net Income 起步，加回 D&A / SBC，调整 Working Capital 和 Deferred Tax，分 CFO / CFI / CFF，最终 Ending Cash 必须等于 BS Cash。
+
+### 标准报表结构
+
+Income Statement 自上而下：
+
+```text
+Revenue
+  Total Revenue
+- COGS
+  Total COGS
+= Gross Profit
+  Gross Margin %
+- Operating Expenses
+  Total OpEx
+= EBITDA
+  EBITDA Margin %
+- D&A
+= EBIT
+- Interest / Other Income (Expense)
+= Pre-tax Income
+- Tax
+= Net Income
+  Net Income Margin % / EPS
+```
+
+Balance Sheet 必须有 `Total Assets`、`Total Liabilities`、`Total Equity`、`Total Liabilities & Equity` 和 `Check: Total Assets - Total L&E = 0`。
+
+Cash Flow Statement 必须有 CFO、CFI、CFF、Net Change in Cash、Beginning Cash、Ending Cash，并校验 Ending Cash = BS Cash。
+
+DCF 标准骨架：
+
+```text
+1. Key Assumptions
+2. Revenue / EBITDA / EBIT / NOPAT
+3. + D&A - CapEx - Change in NWC = UFCF
+4. Discount Factor / PV of UFCF
+5. Terminal Value
+6. Enterprise Value -> Equity Value -> Implied Share Price
+7. Sensitivity / Scenario
+```
+
+### 多 sheet 拆分
+
+专业模型按 Input -> Calc -> Output 分层，复杂模型必须拆分：
+
+- DCF / LBO：`Assumptions`、`DCF - Calc`、`Sensitivity`、`Output / Summary`，可选 `Source Data`。
+- 三表模型：`Assumptions`、`IS`、`BS`、`CFS`、`Supporting Schedules`、`Check`。
+- 带 Sensitivity 的任何模型：Sensitivity 必须独立 sheet 或独立清晰区块。
+
+简单报表整理、费用汇总、Variance Analysis、单页 Comps/Precedent、总行数小于 40 的单一逻辑块可以不拆 sheet。
+
+跨 sheet 引用规则：
+
+1. 引用路径写完整 sheet 名，如 `='Assumptions'!$B$7`；sheet 名含空格或特殊字符时按飞书公式规则加引号。
+2. 数据流单向：`Assumptions -> Calc -> Sensitivity -> Output`。
+3. 禁止循环引用；Sensitivity 直接引用 Calc 结果，不链式穿透多个中间 sheet。
+
+### 年份横向布局
+
+时间必须横向排布，科目纵向排布。所有相关 sheet 的年份列必须对齐。
+
+正确示例：
+
+```text
+                FY2023A   FY2024A   FY2025E   FY2026E
+Revenue             500       575       644       708
+EBITDA              125       155       180       205
+```
+
+假设值如果按年度变化，也必须横向排布并与计算 sheet 的年份列一一对齐：
+
+```text
+                        FY2025E   FY2026E   FY2027E
+Revenue Growth %          12.0%     10.0%      9.0%
+EBITDA Margin %           25.0%     26.0%     27.0%
+CapEx % of Revenue         5.0%      5.0%      4.5%
+Tax Rate                  25.0%     25.0%     25.0%
+```
+
+永续性假设如 WACC、Terminal Growth 可以单独放在 Assumptions 上方，不按年份展开。
+
+### 假设值与公式
+
+可被用户修改的假设必须集中放在 Assumptions 区或 sheet，用蓝色字体标识，并由公式引用。禁止把 Growth、Margin、WACC、Tax Rate、CapEx %、Terminal Growth、倍数等硬编码在公式里。
+
+只有三类单元格可直接写静态值：
+
+1. 历史真实数据。
+2. 蓝色输入假设。
+3. 外部来源的静态取数，且必须标注来源。
+
+横向拉公式时必须正确使用 `$`：
+
+| 被引用内容 | 正确模式 | 说明 |
+| --- | --- | --- |
+| 同行逐年变化值 | `A1` | 向右复制时跟随年份变动 |
+| 单一永续假设 | `$B$7` | 向右/向下都锁定 |
+| 同列假设、逐行变化 | `$B7` | 锁列不锁行 |
+| 年份标题行 | `B$4` | 锁行不锁列 |
+
+写完横向公式后，必须回读 2-3 个相邻年份列的公式字符串和值，确认年份引用跟随列移动、被锁定的假设保持不变，且没有 `#REF!`、`#DIV/0!`、`#VALUE!`、`#NAME?`、`#N/A`。
+
+## 视觉规范
+
+### 字体颜色编码
+
+财务模型用字体颜色表达单元格性质。
+
+| 颜色 | Hex | 含义 |
+| --- | --- | --- |
+| 蓝色字体 | `#0000FF` | 硬编码输入值、用户可修改假设 |
+| 黑色字体 | `#000000` | 本 sheet 公式或普通文本 |
+| 绿色字体 | `#008000` | 同工作簿跨 sheet 引用；公式中只要出现跨 sheet 引用就用绿色 |
+| 红色字体 | `#FF0000` | 外部文件/外部系统链接，慎用 |
+| 灰色斜体 | `#808080` + italic | YoY、Margin、Notes、单位说明、数据来源 |
+| 黄色背景 | `#FFFF00` | 待确认或待复核假设 |
+
+辅助行字号与正文一致，只靠灰色和斜体区分层级。除 sheet 顶部大标题外，全表正文、分区标题、副标题、辅助行使用统一字号。
+
+### 数字格式
+
+| 数据类型 | 推荐格式 |
+| --- | --- |
+| 年份 | `0`，不得显示千分位 |
+| 整数 | `#,##0;(#,##0);"-"` |
+| 小数 | `#,##0.0;(#,##0.0);"-"` 或 `#,##0.00;(#,##0.00);"-"` |
+| 货币 | `$#,##0;($#,##0);"-"` 或 `$#,##0.00;($#,##0.00);"-"` |
+| 百分比 | `0.0%` 或 `0.00%`，同一表内保持一致 |
+| 估值倍数 | `0.0" x"` |
+| 人数/股数 | `#,##0` |
+
+零值显示为 `-`，负数使用括号法 `(123)`。如采用窄货币符号列，符号列单独放 `$` / `¥`，数值列不再带货币符号。
+
+### 单位与来源
+
+单位必须清晰标注：
+
+- 全表单位统一时，在标题下方用灰色斜体副标题标注，如 `($ in Millions, Except Per Share Data)`。
+- 同一表存在多种单位时，在字段名后直接标注，如 `Revenue ($mm)`、`Gross Margin (%)`、`员工人数（万人）`、`ARPU, 元/月`。
+
+历史值、外部数据和硬编码来源必须在表尾或注释中标注：`Source: [来源], [日期], [页/表/字段]`。FY、CY、LTM、NTM、CAGR、YoY、QoQ 等缩写必须使用一致口径。
+
+### 布局与列宽
+
+如果 surface 支持隐藏默认网格线，财务模型应关闭网格线；如果当前 surface 不支持，则不把网格线作为阻塞验收项。
+
+推荐像素宽度：
+
+| 列类型 | 建议宽度 |
+| --- | --- |
+| 左侧留白列 | 16-24 px |
+| 缩进/货币符号窄列 | 28-36 px |
+| 标签/科目列 | 220-320 px |
+| 年份/期间列 | 64-72 px，最多约 80 px，且所有年份列等宽 |
+
+分区标题行用于隔离 Key Assumptions、Core Calculation、Terminal Value、Sensitivity 等区块：
+
+- 同层级标题使用相同背景色和相同左右边界。
+- 不同层级也保持左右边界一致，只用背景色深浅区分层级。
+- 一级建议深蓝底白字加粗；二级中蓝；三级浅蓝。
+
+父子层级通过缩进和加粗表达：父级/合计行加粗，子项正常字重并缩进。
+
+### 边框
+
+边框只表达结构，不做装饰。
+
+| 场景 | 边框 |
+| --- | --- |
+| 小计行 | 上细线 |
+| 关键小计，如 Gross Profit / EBITDA / NOPAT / UFCF | 上细线 + 加粗 |
+| 最终合计，如 Net Income / Total Assets / Ending Cash / Implied Share Price | 上细线 + 下双线 + 加粗 |
+| 普通数据行 | 无边框 |
+| 年份列之间 | 禁止竖线 |
+
+Sensitivity 矩阵可使用浅灰细框作为唯一例外，目的是表达双轴矩阵结构，不得扩展到普通财务报表区域。
+
+### Sensitivity / Scenario
+
+Sensitivity 必须极简、对称、可读。
+
+禁止：
+
+- 条件格式色阶。
+- 数据条。
+- 斑马纹。
+- 图标集。
+- 彩虹配色。
+
+推荐：
+
+1. 行轴和列轴以 baseline 为中心等距展开，如 WACC: 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%。
+2. baseline 交点用浅黄背景 `#FFF2CC` + 加粗标注。
+3. 所有结果格使用同一 `number_format`。
+4. 标题下方用灰色斜体说明输出指标。
+
+## 交付前检查
+
+任何财务输出必须检查：
+
+- 已按任务类型选择规则，未过度套用复杂模型结构。
+- 年份横向排布，历史/预测后缀清楚，如 A / E / B。
+- 假设单独落地，蓝色字体，公式引用假设而非硬编码。
+- 横向公式 `$` 锁定已回读验证。
+- 蓝/黑/绿/红/灰色编码正确。
+- 单位、币种、来源和口径已标注。
+- 数字格式统一，负数括号，零值为 `-`，年份无千分位。
+- 年份列等宽紧凑，标签列较宽。
+- 普通数据行无装饰边框，无竖线。
+- 小计/关键小计/最终合计的边框和加粗层级正确。
+- 公式结果无错误值。
+
+三表模型额外检查：
+
+- BS 每期 `Total Assets = Total Liabilities + Total Equity`。
+- CFS Ending Cash 每期等于 BS Cash。
+- Retained Earnings 与 Net Income / Dividends 口径一致。
+
+多 sheet 模型额外检查：
+
+- Assumptions 只放输入和说明，不写计算公式。
+- Calc 引用 Assumptions，Output 引用 Calc，数据流单向。
+- Sensitivity 独立 sheet 或独立区块。
+
+Sensitivity 额外检查：
+
+- 无色阶、无数据条、无斑马纹。
+- 仅 baseline 交点高亮。
+- 双轴范围围绕 baseline 对称。
+
+## CLI 落地提示
+
+- pandas / DataFrame 结果写入时读取 `lark-sheets-write-cells` 的 `+table-put`；目标表还不存在时读取 `lark-sheets-workbook` 的 `+workbook-create --sheets`。
+- 写值、公式、样式时读取 `lark-sheets-write-cells`；多区域或多步骤写入优先用 `lark-sheets-batch-update`。
+- 调整列宽、行高、合并、排序、复制格式时读取 `lark-sheets-range-operations` 和 `lark-sheets-sheet-structure`。
+- 生成跨 sheet 公式前读取 `lark-sheets-formula-translation`，并按飞书公式语法验证引用、数组和错误值。
+- 所有颜色在 CLI 参数中使用带 `#` 的 RGB hex，如 `#0000FF`。

skills/lark-sheets/references/lark-sheets-range-operations.md

@@ -40,6 +40,10 @@
 
 **典型反例**：默认列宽 11 但内容含 12+ 字符的中文 / 含单位的数值（如 `109.10μmol/L`）/ 长数字未设 `number_format` 显示为科学计数法 —— 用户在结果表里看不到完整原值。
 
+**打印场景控制总宽（用户说"适合打印 / A4 / 打印范围"时必做）**：扩单列宽防截断的同时，**所有列宽之和要落在纸张可打印宽度内**——A4 横向约 ≤ 102 个半角字符（约 1000px），纵向约 ≤ 70 个字符。超宽时不要无限加宽，改用 `cell_styles.word_wrap="auto-wrap"` + 调高行高，或缩窄非关键列，让整表在一页内（反例：总列宽远超 A4 可打印宽度，且长文本行高不够被截断）。
+
+**只加宽承载新内容的列，不改动原有列的列宽**：列宽自适应**只针对新增 / 真正放不下新内容的列**；原表已有列的列宽**禁止重新计算、禁止缩小**——即便你估算的"理想宽度"与原值不同，只要原内容没被截断就不要动它。无差别地把所有列重设一遍宽度（哪怕只 ±1）都属于破坏原文件视觉格式（反例：填完数据后顺手把原有列的列宽从 16 改成 17，与原附件不一致，破坏了原视觉格式）。
+
 **⚠️ 合并单元格安全操作规则**（`+cells-{merge|unmerge}` 必读）：
 
 1. **先读后写**：操作前必须用 `+sheet-info --include merges` 或 `+cells-get` 识别已有合并区域（特征：多个连续单元格中只有左上角有值，其余为空）。

skills/lark-sheets/references/lark-sheets-read-data.md

@@ -13,19 +13,22 @@
 
 预探后必须在公式 / 筛选条件里用 `IFERROR` / `IFS` / 提取数值的辅助列处理所有变体；不能为了通过 head(10) 的样本就直接落地。一旦设计的逻辑只覆盖 sample 中出现的格式，就属于违规。
 
+⚠️ **大数字（15 位以上的身份证 / 参考号 / 流水号）做去重 / 比较时禁止用 `+csv-get` 的显示值**：`+csv-get` 返回的是**格式化显示值**，15 位以上数字会被显示成 `1.04E+14` 这类科学计数法——多个本不相同的号在显示层全变成同一个 `1.04E+14`，拿去判重会**整列误判为重复**。比较 / 去重 / 匹配大数字时必须改用 `+cells-get`（取原始精确值）或把该列读为文本，禁止用 csv-get 的科学计数显示值（反例：大批长参考号被显示成科学计数后，互不相同的号全变成同一个值，被当成整列重复并错误高亮）。
+
 ## 使用场景
 
-读取。从飞书表格中读取单元格数据。本 reference 覆盖 3 个 shortcut，按读取目的选择：
+读取。从飞书表格中读取单元格数据。本 reference 覆盖 4 个 shortcut，按读取目的选择：
 
 | 读取目的 | 用这个 shortcut | 数据去向 | 说明 |
 |---------|----------------|---------|------|
-| 快速查看纯值数据、批量处理 | `+csv-get` | 对话上下文 | 返回 CSV 文本（加 `--rows-json` 改为结构化 rows `{row_number, values:{列字母→值}}`）；大表请按 `--range` 行窗口分批读（截断时看 `has_more`） |
+| 快速查看纯值数据、批量处理 | `+csv-get` | 对话上下文 | 返回 CSV 文本（每行带 `[row=N]` 前缀）；大表请按 `--range` 行窗口分批读（截断时看 `has_more`） |
+| 按列类型结构化读出（喂 DataFrame / round-trip 回 `+table-put`） | `+table-get` | 对话上下文 | 返回 typed 协议（`columns:[列名]` + `data` + `dtypes`/`formats`），输出形状对齐 pandas split；可一行 `pd.DataFrame(sheet["data"], columns=sheet["columns"]).astype(sheet["dtypes"])` 还原 DataFrame，或直接 round-trip 回 `+table-put` |
 | 查看公式、样式、批注、数据验证 | `+cells-get` | 对话上下文 | 返回单元格完整信息，token 开销较大 |
 | 查看某区域的下拉框（数据验证）选项 | `+dropdown-get` | 对话上下文 | 返回该 A1 范围已配置的下拉列表选项 |
 
 **选择原则**：
 - 只看值或做数据处理 → `+csv-get`；大表分批读取，避免一次拉全表撑爆上下文
-- 要结构化、按 `row_number` / 列字母定位的输出 → `+csv-get --rows-json`（默认 CSV 串更省 token，超大表批量仍用默认）
+- 要按列类型结构化读出（喂 DataFrame / round-trip 回 `+table-put`）→ `+table-get`
 - 需要公式/样式/批注 → `+cells-get`
 - 只想知道某区域下拉框有哪些选项 → `+dropdown-get`
 
@@ -83,6 +86,7 @@
 | `+cells-get` | read | 单元格 |
 | `+dropdown-get` | read | 对象 |
 | `+csv-get` | read | 单元格 |
+| `+table-get` | read | 单元格 |
 
 ## Flags
 
@@ -115,7 +119,23 @@ _公共四件套 · 系统：`--dry-run`_
 | `--max-chars` | int | optional | 防爆，默认 200000（隐藏 flag：不在 `--help` 列出，但可正常传入） |
 | `--include-row-prefix` | bool | optional | 是否在每行前加 `[row=N]` 前缀，默认 `true` |
 | `--skip-hidden` | bool | optional | 跳过隐藏行列，默认 `false` |
-| `--rows-json` | bool | optional | 返回结构化 rows（`{row_number, values:{列字母→值}}`）而非 CSV 文本，默认 `false` |
+
+> [!CAUTION]
+> **`+csv-get` 高频臆造 flag（不存在，传了会被 cobra 拒，报 `unknown flag`）：**
+> - ❌ `--rows-json` / `--json-rows` / `--as-json` / `--format json-rows` —— `+csv-get` **只输出带 `[row=N]` 前缀的 CSV 文本**，没有"按行 JSON / 结构化"开关。
+> - ✅ **要结构化 / 类型化输出（喂 DataFrame、按列类型读出、round-trip 回写）请改用 `+table-get`**（见下），它返回 `columns:[{name,type}]` + `rows` 的 typed 协议。
+> - ✅ 只要纯值就用 `+csv-get`；下游要行号 / 列坐标直接从 `[row=N]` 前缀与 `col_indices` 取，不需要额外 flag。
+
+### `+table-get`
+
+_公共：URL/token（无 sheet 定位） · 系统：`--dry-run`_
+
+| Flag | Type | 必填 | 说明 |
+| --- | --- | --- | --- |
+| `--sheet-id` | string | optional | 只读该子表（按 id）；省略则读所有子表 |
+| `--sheet-name` | string | optional | 只读该子表（按名）；省略则读所有子表 |
+| `--range` | string | optional | 读取的 A1 范围；省略则读每个子表的当前数据区 |
+| `--no-header` | bool | optional | 把第一行当数据而非表头（列名取 col1/col2 …） |
 
 ## Examples
 
@@ -140,17 +160,7 @@ lark-cli sheets +csv-get --spreadsheet-token shtXXX --sheet-name "销售明细"
 - `current_region` — 自动扩展到非空连续区域的 A1 范围。它是**真实数据边界**，**优先于 `+workbook-info` 的 `row_count`**（`row_count` 是网格物理行数，常是 200 / 1000 等默认值、远大于实际数据；按它盲读会拉回大片空行）
 - `has_more` — 是否截断；截断后续读用 `--range` 接着读
 
-**加 `--rows-json`：返回结构化 rows（而非 CSV 字符串）**
-
-```bash
-lark-cli sheets +csv-get --url "https://example.feishu.cn/sheets/shtXXX" --sheet-name "Sheet1" --range "A1:G20" --rows-json
-```
-
-`--rows-json` 下的输出契约（替换 `annotated_csv` / `col_indices` / `row_indices`）：
-
-- `rows` — 数组，每元素 `{row_number, values}`。`row_number` 是真实表格行号（整数，下游需要行号的操作直接取它）；`values` 按**列字母** key（如 `values["D"]`，绝对列字母）。**所有逻辑行都在 `rows` 里**。引号内换行已解析进单元格值，无需自己按 RFC-4180 拆行。
-- `data_not_fully_read` — **仅当没读全时出现**：`{read_through_row, data_extends_through_row, unread_rows, reread_range}`。出现即表示真实数据超出本次读取范围；批量写入前必须按 `reread_range` 重读全区，否则漏行。
-- 其余字段（`current_region` / `actual_range` / `has_more`）同上。
+> 要按列类型结构化读出（喂 DataFrame、或 round-trip 回 `+table-put`）用 `+table-get`（见下）；`+csv-get` 给的是带 `[row=N]` 前缀的纯值快照，下游需要行号/列坐标时直接从前缀与 `col_indices` 取。
 
 ### `+cells-get`
 
@@ -164,6 +174,61 @@ lark-cli sheets +cells-get --url "https://example.feishu.cn/sheets/shtXXX" --she
 
 > ⚠️ 调用方在 `cells[i][j]` 中**不能**用下标推真实行列：必须读 `ranges[n].row_indices[i]` / `ranges[n].col_indices[j]`。
 
+### `+table-get`（飞书 → DataFrame，类型保真读出）
+
+`+table-put`（写入侧，见 write-cells reference）的镜像：把表格读回与 `--sheets` 完全同构的 typed 协议（`sheets[]` + `columns:[列名]` + `data:[[行]]` + `dtypes:{列名:pandas_dtype}` + `formats?:{列名:number_format}`），可直接喂回 `+table-put` 或一行还原 DataFrame。
+
+列类型从每列 `number_format` 推断（日期格式→`date`/`datetime64[ns]`、数值→`number`/`float64`、bool→`bool`），`date` 列的序列号转回 ISO `yyyy-mm-dd`——日期、数字往返不丢类型。**列类型只在该列所有非空值一致时才定（`number` / `date` / `bool`）；一列混了类型（如数字列混入「暂无」、日期列混入裸数字）会降为 `string`（dtypes 输出 `object`），让 `dtypes` 与 `data` 里每个值自洽——能 round-trip 回 `+table-put`、不让 pandas `astype` 崩。降级是无损的（脏值原样保留为文本）；若要把零星脏值转成数值列，交给调用方在 pandas 侧做（`to_numeric(errors='coerce')`），那里原始值仍在、可追溯。** 底层复用 `get_cell_ranges` / `get_range_as_csv`。默认读所有子表、第一行当表头（`--no-header` 把首行当数据、列名取 `col1` / `col2` …）。
+
+```bash
+# 默认读所有子表 → sheets[]（与 +table-put 的 --sheets 同构，可喂回或转 DataFrame）
+lark-cli sheets +table-get --url "<表URL>"
+# 可选：--sheet-name / --sheet-id 限定只读某一个子表（不给则读全部）
+lark-cli sheets +table-get --url "<表URL>" --sheet-name "销售"
+```
+
+#### 输出 → DataFrame（2 行 helper）
+
+输出形状对齐 pandas split：`columns` 是列名数组、`data` 是二维数据、`dtypes` 是 `{列名: pandas_dtype_str}` 映射。直接喂给 `pd.DataFrame(...).astype(...)` 就能一次性还原所有列类型（不必逐列 `to_datetime` / `to_numeric`），写入侧 `df_to_sheet` 的镜像 helper：
+
+```python
+import pandas as pd
+def sheet_to_df(sheet):
+    return pd.DataFrame(sheet["data"], columns=sheet["columns"]).astype(sheet["dtypes"])
+
+# 单 sheet
+df = sheet_to_df(out["data"]["sheets"][0])
+
+# 多 sheet——按名字取
+sheets = {s["name"]: sheet_to_df(s) for s in out["data"]["sheets"]}
+df_sales = sheets["销售"]
+```
+
+> 显示格式（千分位、百分比、自定义日期）在 `sheet["formats"]`，pandas 不消费；改完数据 round-trip 回去时透传给 `+table-put` 即可，飞书侧显示不变。
+
+#### round-trip：读 → 改 → 写回（写读对偶）
+
+`sheet_to_df` 和 write-cells reference 里的 `df_to_sheet` 是一对镜像 helper，round-trip 三段读 / 改 / 写各一行：
+
+```python
+import json, subprocess
+# 1. 读
+out = json.loads(subprocess.check_output(
+    ["lark-cli","sheets","+table-get","--url",URL,"--sheet-name","销售"]))
+sheet = out["data"]["sheets"][0]
+df = sheet_to_df(sheet)
+
+# 2. 改（pandas 操作）
+df["营收"] = df["营收"] * 1.1
+
+# 3. 写回（formats 是飞书侧显示格式，pandas 不消费，透传保留显示）
+payload = {"sheets": [df_to_sheet(df, sheet["name"], formats=sheet.get("formats"))]}
+subprocess.run(["lark-cli","sheets","+table-put","--url",URL,"--sheets","-"],
+               input=json.dumps(payload).encode(), check=True)
+```
+
+`sheet_to_df(sheet)` 消费 `(columns, data, dtypes)`，`df_to_sheet(df, name, formats=...)` 重新生成同样三个字段——读 / 写完全对偶，只有 `formats` 需要手工透传一次。
+
 ### Validate / DryRun / Execute 约束
 
 - `Validate` 阶段只做 XOR 检查、Enum 合法性、防爆参数上限校验；**禁止**联网（如不能用 `--sheet-name` 提前去查 `sheet-id`）。

skills/lark-sheets/references/lark-sheets-visual-standards.md

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 ## 最高优先级原则
 
 - **用户指令优先**：用户明确提出的格式要求（如"使用红色背景"）具有最高权重，即使与通用审美冲突。
+- **金融/财务建模规范优先于通用视觉**：当任务是 DCF、三张表、预算、Variance、Sensitivity、估值、FP&A 等场景时，先读取 `lark-sheets-financial-modeling-standards`；其中关于斑马纹、色阶/数据条、年份列宽、竖线、颜色编码、数字格式的规定覆盖本文通用建议。
 - **继承原表风格**：编辑前先采样原文件视觉特征（色系、边框、对齐、数字格式），新增内容必须与之对齐。严禁对已有风格的文件强行施加通用标准化格式。
 - **扩展而非覆盖**：新增行列或追加数据时，目标是"扩展原模板"——继承邻近区域的表头风格、条纹节奏、边框层级、对齐方式、数字格式和列宽/行高策略。
 - **美化只动样式属性，不动数据**：对**已有区域**做美化时，**只能**修改 `font` / `fill` / `border` / `alignment` / `number_format` 这 5 类样式属性。**禁止**改动原始单元格的 `value` / `formula`、合并区域、行列结构、Sheet 名称。如果美化需求需要改变数据布局（例如"汇总行加进表里"），必须把"加汇总行"和"美化"拆成两步，前者属于编辑动作、需另行得到用户授权。
@@ -24,6 +25,8 @@
 
 **差异化标注场景**：用户要求"重复行 / 异常值 / 重要项视觉区分"时，标注列 / 行必须设置与普通数据**显著不同**的 `cell_styles`（背景色 + 加粗 + 字体色至少改一项），不能与普通数据格式完全一致。
 
+**显式要求边框 / 表头 / 对齐时同样按上面标准落地**（不必等用户说"美化"）：① 用户说"给某矩形区域加边框"必须**整个矩形含表头行、数据行、汇总行全部加内外框**，落地后核起 / 末行、末列三边界（反例：要求加边框的区域实际无任何边框）；② **新建表头前先确认哪一行才是表头**——别把已有的第一行数据误当表头刷成蓝底白字，真正该加的表头列也要建出来（反例：把第一行数据误设成了表头样式）；③ 新增 / 编辑区域的字号必须与原表一致，禁止 13 号与 14 号、10 号与 11 号混杂（反例：新列字号与原表不一致）。
+
 ## 通用样式规范
 
 > 以下取值标准都在「最高优先级原则」的**继承原表风格 / 扩展而非覆盖**前提下生效：凡涉及"沿用原表"的条目，遵循该原则即可，本节不再逐条复述。
@@ -201,4 +204,3 @@ Step 3 — 微调收尾：`+batch-update` + `+rows-resize / +cols-resize` / `+ce
 - 合并区域样式只写左上角，不要对合并内的其他单元格重复写入样式。
 
 > 合并单元格完整的安全操作规则（含数据保护、样式占位等 5 条）见 `lark-sheets-range-operations` 的 `+cells-{merge|unmerge}` 章节。
-

skills/lark-sheets/references/lark-sheets-workbook.md

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 
 ## 使用场景
 
-读写。管理工作簿结构。本 reference 覆盖 11 个 shortcut：
+读写。管理工作簿结构。本 reference 覆盖 14 个 shortcut：
 
 | 操作需求 | 使用工具 | 说明 |
 |---------|---------|------|
@@ -41,8 +41,11 @@
 | `+sheet-hide` | write | 工作簿 |
 | `+sheet-unhide` | write | 工作簿 |
 | `+sheet-set-tab-color` | write | 工作簿 |
+| `+sheet-hide-gridline` | write | 工作簿 |
+| `+sheet-show-gridline` | write | 工作簿 |
 | `+workbook-create` | write | 工作簿 |
 | `+workbook-export` | read | 工作簿 |
+| `+workbook-import` | write | 工作簿 |
 
 ## Flags
 
@@ -59,7 +62,7 @@ _公共：URL/token（无 sheet 定位） · 系统：`--dry-run`_
 | Flag | Type | 必填 | 说明 |
 | --- | --- | --- | --- |
 | `--title` | string | required | 新工作表名称 |
-| `--index` | int | optional | 插入位置；省略时附加到末尾 |
+| `--index` | int | optional | 插入位置（0-based）；省略时附加到末尾 |
 | `--row-count` | int | optional | 初始行数（默认 200，上限 50000） |
 | `--col-count` | int | optional | 初始列数（默认 20，上限 200） |
 
@@ -115,6 +118,18 @@ _公共四件套 · 系统：`--dry-run`_
 | --- | --- | --- | --- |
 | `--color` | string | required | Hex 色值如 `#FF0000`，传空 `""` 清除 |
 
+### `+sheet-hide-gridline`
+
+_公共四件套 · 系统：`--dry-run`_
+
+_仅含公共 / 系统 flag。_
+
+### `+sheet-show-gridline`
+
+_公共四件套 · 系统：`--dry-run`_
+
+_仅含公共 / 系统 flag。_
+
 ### `+workbook-create`
 
 _系统：`--dry-run`_
@@ -123,8 +138,9 @@ _系统：`--dry-run`_
 | --- | --- | --- | --- |
 | `--title` | string | required | 新 spreadsheet 标题 |
 | `--folder-token` | string | optional | 目标文件夹 token；省略时放在云空间根目录 |
-| `--headers` | string + File + Stdin（简单 JSON） | optional | 表头行 JSON 数组：`["列A","列B"]` |
-| `--values` | string + File + Stdin（简单 JSON） | optional | 初始数据 JSON 二维数组：`[["alice",95]]` |
+| `--values` | string + File + Stdin（简单 JSON） | optional | untyped 初始数据，一个 JSON 二维数组（表头并入第一行）：`[["列A","列B"],["alice",95]]`；值原样写入、类型由飞书自动识别，走与 --sheets 相同的分批 `+cells-set`；配 --styles 控制格式/颜色/合并/行列尺寸 |
+| `--sheets` | string + File + Stdin（复合 JSON） | optional | 建表后写入的 typed 表格协议 JSON（同 +table-put）：顶层 sheets 数组，每项 `{name, start_cell?, mode?, header?, allow_overwrite?, columns:["colA","colB",...], data:[[...]], dtypes?:{colA:pandasDtype, ...}, formats?:{colA:numberFormat, ...}}`。Agents 通常用 `{**json.loads(df.to_json(orient="split")), "dtypes": df.dtypes.astype(str).to_dict()}` 一行构造。与 --values 互斥；新表默认子表复用为第一个子表，日期/数字类型保真。 |
+| `--styles` | string + File + Stdin（复合 JSON） | optional | 建表时同时写入的视觉处理操作 JSON：顶层 `{styles:[...]}`，每项对应一个目标子表、含 `name`，并至少给 `cell_styles` / `row_sizes` / `col_sizes` / `cell_merges` 之一。`cell_styles` 用 A1 单元格 range + 扁平样式字段（字段同 +cells-set-style，含 number_format / 颜色 / 对齐 / border_styles）；row/col sizes 用行/列范围 + type/size；merges 用单元格 range + 可选 merge_type。与 --sheets 搭配时 styles 数组长度/顺序/name 必须与 --sheets.sheets 对应；与 --values 搭配时只给一个 styles 项（其 name 忽略）。 |
 
 ### `+workbook-export`
 
@@ -136,6 +152,43 @@ _公共：URL/token（无 sheet 定位） · 系统：`--dry-run`_
 | `--sheet-id` | string | optional | 仅 csv 模式必填：指定要导出哪张 sheet 为 CSV。这是 `+workbook-export` 专有 flag，与公共四件套的 sheet 定位无关（本 shortcut 不接受公共 sheet 定位） |
 | `--output-path` | string | optional | 本地保存路径；省略时只触发导出不下载 |
 
+### `+workbook-import`
+
+| Flag | Type | 必填 | 说明 |
+| --- | --- | --- | --- |
+| `--file` | string | required | 本地文件路径（.xlsx / .xls / .csv） |
+| `--folder-token` | string | optional | 目标文件夹 token；省略则导入到云空间根目录 |
+| `--name` | string | optional | 导入后表格名称；省略则用本地文件名（去掉扩展名） |
+
+## Schemas
+
+> 复合 JSON flag 字段速查（只列顶层 + 一层嵌套）。深层结构看下方 `## Examples`，或用 `--print-schema` 读完整 JSON Schema（用法见 SKILL.md「公共 flag 速查」与「Agent 使用提示」）。
+
+### `+workbook-create` `--sheets`
+
+_一个或多个子表的 typed 数据，每个数组元素写入一张子表；支持多 DataFrame → 多子表一次写入_
+
+**数组项**（类型 object）：
+- `name` (string) — 目标子表名
+- `start_cell` (string?) — 写入起点单元格（A1 记法，如 "B2"），默认 "A1"
+- `mode` (enum?) — overwrite（默认）：从 start_cell 起写「表头 + 数据」块；append：把数据追加到子表已有数据下方（默认不重复表头） [overwrite / append]
+- `header` (boolean?) — 是否写一行列名表头
+- `allow_overwrite` (boolean?) — 为 false 时，若写入会落在非空单元格则拒写以保护原数据（返回 partial_success）
+- `columns` (array<string>) — 列名字符串数组，顺序与 `data` 中每行取值一一对应
+- `data` (array<array<string|number|boolean|null>>) — 数据行；每行是一个数组，长度必须等于 `columns` 数
+- `dtypes` (object?) — 可选
+- `formats` (object?) — 可选
+
+### `+workbook-create` `--styles`
+
+
+**数组项**（类型 object）：
+- `cell_merges` (array<object>?) — 单元格合并操作数组；range 使用 A1 单元格范围，merge_type 默认 all each: { merge_type?: enum, range: string }
+- `cell_styles` (array<object>?) — 单元格样式操作数组；每项用 A1 单元格 range 指定范围，字段名与 +cells-set-style 对齐 each: { background_color?: string, border_styles?: object, font_color?: string, font_line?: enum, font_size?: number, …共 12 项 }
+- `col_sizes` (array<object>?) — 列宽操作数组；range 使用列范围如 A:C，type 为 pixel/standard，pixel 需要 size each: { range: string, size?: number, type: enum }
+- `name` (string) — 子表名
+- `row_sizes` (array<object>?) — 行高操作数组；range 使用行范围如 1:3，type 为 pixel/standard/auto，pixel 需要 size each: { range: string, size?: number, type: enum }
+
 ## Examples
 
 公共四件套：所有 shortcut 顶部排列 `--url` / `--spreadsheet-token` / `--sheet-id` / `--sheet-name`（XOR）。`+workbook-info` 只用前两者；`+sheet-*` 系列对单个工作表操作，需 `--sheet-id` 或 `--sheet-name`。
@@ -144,6 +197,112 @@ _公共：URL/token（无 sheet 定位） · 系统：`--dry-run`_
 
 输出契约：返回 `sheets[]`，每个含 `sheet_id` / `title`（工作表显示名；旧 payload 用 `sheet_name`，读取时优先取 `title`、缺失再回退 `sheet_name`）/ `row_count` / `column_count` / `index` / `is_hidden`，以及计数字段 `merged_cells_count` / `chart_count` / `pivot_table_count` / `float_image_count`（无 `frozen_*` 字段，冻结信息请用 `+sheet-info` 读取）。是操作飞书表格的第一步——任何后续 sheet 级动作都需要先拿这里的 sheet_id。
 
+### `+workbook-create`
+
+新建电子表格，可选预填数据。两种数据入口（untyped `--values` / typed `--sheets`）**互斥**，按需二选一——两者都走同一条分批 `set_cell_range` 写入：
+
+```bash
+# 1) untyped：--values（一个二维数组，表头并入第一行；值原样写、类型由飞书自动识别，
+#    日期会落成文本，配 --styles 控制格式）
+lark-cli sheets +workbook-create --title "销售" \
+  --values '[["门店","销售额"],["北京",259874]]'
+
+# 2) typed：--sheets（一步建表 + 类型保真）。date 列落成真日期（可排序/透视）、
+#    number 不丢精度、string 列保前导零（如订单号 00123）；多子表一次建。
+lark-cli sheets +workbook-create --title "交易" --sheets '{
+  "sheets":[
+    {"name":"明细",
+     "columns":["日期","金额","单号"],
+     "dtypes":{"日期":"datetime64[ns]","金额":"float64","单号":"object"},
+     "formats":{"金额":"#,##0.00"},
+     "data":[["2024-01-15",1234.5,"00123"]]}
+  ]}'
+```
+
+`--sheets` 协议与 `+table-put` 完全同构（字段含义见 lark-sheets-write-cells 的 `+table-put`，大 payload 走 stdin / `@file`）。关键差异：**新建工作簿的默认子表会被复用为第一个子表**（重命名后承载数据），不会残留空 `Sheet1`；其余子表按需新建。它把 `+table-put` 单独做不到的"建表 + typed 写入"合到一条命令，是「pandas 算完直接落地一张带真日期的新表」的首选。回读校验用 `+table-get`（与 `--sheets` 同构、可 round-trip）。
+
+`--styles` 可在建表写入时同时写视觉处理。它和 `--sheets` 一样只有一种外层写法：顶层对象里放 `styles` 数组；数组每项对应一个子表，含 `name`，并按能力拆成四类可选数组：
+
+- `cell_styles`：像 `+cells-set-style`，用 A1 单元格 `range` 加扁平样式字段（`font_weight` / `background_color` / `number_format` 等）和可选 `border_styles`；这些样式会合并进同一次内容 `set_cell_range`。
+- `cell_merges`：用 A1 单元格 `range` 设置合并，`merge_type` 默认为 `all`，可选 `rows` / `columns`。
+- `row_sizes`：用行范围（如 `1:3`）设置行高，`type` 为 `pixel` / `standard` / `auto`；`pixel` 需要 `size`。
+- `col_sizes`：用列范围（如 `A:C`）设置列宽，`type` 为 `pixel` / `standard`；`pixel` 需要 `size`。
+
+同一单元格命中多个 `cell_styles` 项时，后面的操作继续合并覆盖已传字段。`cell_merges` / `row_sizes` / `col_sizes` 在内容写入后顺序执行。
+
+```bash
+# 3) untyped：仍用 {"styles":[...]}，只有一个子表样式项（name 忽略）；range 覆盖 --values 初始区域
+lark-cli sheets +workbook-create --title "销售" \
+  --values '[["门店","销售额"],["北京",259874],["上海",198320]]' \
+  --styles '{
+    "styles":[
+      {"name":"Sheet1","cell_styles":[
+        {"range":"A1:B1","font_weight":"bold","background_color":"#f5f5f5"},
+        {"range":"B2:B3","number_format":"#,##0"}
+      ]}
+    ]
+  }'
+
+# 4) typed 单子表：--styles.styles[0].name 必须对应 --sheets.sheets[0].name
+lark-cli sheets +workbook-create --title "交易" --sheets '{
+  "sheets":[
+    {"name":"明细",
+     "columns":["日期","金额"],
+     "dtypes":{"日期":"datetime64[ns]","金额":"float64"},
+     "formats":{"金额":"#,##0.00"},
+     "data":[["2024-01-15",1234.5]]}
+  ]}' --styles '{
+    "styles":[
+      {"name":"明细",
+       "cell_styles":[
+        {"range":"A1:B1","font_weight":"bold","background_color":"#f5f5f5",
+          "border_styles":{"bottom":{"style":"solid","weight":"thin","color":"#000000"}}},
+        {"range":"A2:A2","number_format":"yyyy-mm-dd"},
+        {"range":"B2:B2","number_format":"#,##0.00","font_color":"#0f7b0f"}
+       ],
+       "cell_merges":[{"range":"A1:B1"}],
+       "col_sizes":[{"range":"A:B","type":"pixel","size":120}],
+       "row_sizes":[{"range":"1:1","type":"pixel","size":28}]}
+    ]
+  }'
+
+# 5) typed 多子表：styles 数组和 sheets 数组长度、顺序、name 都必须一致
+lark-cli sheets +workbook-create --title "经营看板" --sheets '{
+  "sheets":[
+    {"name":"收入","columns":["月份","收入"],"dtypes":{"收入":"int64"},"formats":{"收入":"#,##0"},"data":[["2026-05",1200000]]},
+    {"name":"成本","columns":["月份","成本"],"dtypes":{"成本":"int64"},"formats":{"成本":"#,##0"},"data":[["2026-05",730000]]}
+  ]}' --styles '{
+    "styles":[
+      {"name":"收入","cell_styles":[
+        {"range":"A1:B1","font_weight":"bold","background_color":"#f0f7ff"},
+        {"range":"B2:B2","font_color":"#0f7b0f"}
+      ]},
+      {"name":"成本","cell_styles":[
+        {"range":"A1:B1","font_weight":"bold","background_color":"#fff7ed"},
+        {"range":"B2:B2","font_color":"#b42318"}
+      ]}
+    ]
+  }'
+```
+
+> ⚠️ **`+workbook-create` 是把内存里的数据写成新表；要把已有的本地 Excel/CSV 文件原样导入成新表，用 `+workbook-import`**（见下），不要先在本地读出文件再 `+workbook-create` 重灌。
+
+### `+workbook-import`
+
+把已有的本地 `.xlsx` / `.xls` / `.csv` 文件导入为一个**新的**飞书电子表格（异步任务 + 内置轮询），与 `+workbook-export`（导出）对称。底层复用 drive 的导入实现，固定导入为电子表格类型。
+
+```bash
+# 导入到云空间根目录；表格名默认取本地文件名（去掉扩展名）
+lark-cli sheets +workbook-import --file ./data.xlsx
+
+# 指定目标文件夹与导入后表格名
+lark-cli sheets +workbook-import --file ./report.csv --folder-token <FOLDER_TOKEN> --name "月度报表"
+```
+
+- **不接受任何 spreadsheet / sheet 定位 flag**（它是新建，不操作已有表）：只有 `--file`（必填）/ `--folder-token` / `--name`。
+- 仅导入为电子表格（sheet）。若要把本地表格导入成多维表格（bitable），改用 `lark-cli drive +import --type bitable`。
+- 返回 `token` / `url`（导入完成的新表格）/ `ticket` / `ready` / `job_status`；未在内置轮询窗口内完成时返回 `timed_out=true` 与续查命令 `next_command`。
+
 ### `+sheet-create`
 
 示例：
@@ -190,8 +349,16 @@ lark-cli sheets +sheet-unhide --url "..." --sheet-id "$SID"
 lark-cli sheets +sheet-set-tab-color --url "..." --sheet-id "$SID" --color "#FF0000"
 ```
 
+### `+sheet-show-gridline` / `+sheet-hide-gridline`
+
+```bash
+# 切换子表网格线显隐；二态语义在命令名里，无需额外参数（同 +sheet-hide/+sheet-unhide）
+lark-cli sheets +sheet-show-gridline --url "..." --sheet-id "$SID"
+lark-cli sheets +sheet-hide-gridline --url "..." --sheet-id "$SID"
+```
+
 ### Validate / DryRun / Execute 约束
 
-- `Validate`：XOR 公共四件套；`+sheet-create` 校验 `--title` 非空、`--row-count` ≤ 50000、`--col-count` ≤ 200；`+sheet-delete` 必须 `--yes` 或 `--dry-run`。
+- `Validate`：XOR 公共四件套；`+sheet-create` 校验 `--title` 非空、`--row-count` ≤ 50000、`--col-count` ≤ 200；`+sheet-delete` 必须 `--yes` 或 `--dry-run`；`+workbook-create` 的 `--sheets` 与 `--values` **互斥**，给了 `--sheets` 则按 typed 协议校验 payload（其余约束同 `+table-put`）。
 - `DryRun`：`+sheet-*` 写操作输出"将要 PATCH 的 sheet metadata"；`--sheet-name` 在 dry-run 输出里生成为 `<resolve:Sheet1>` 占位符，不实际解析为 sheet-id。
 - `Execute`：写操作不自动回读；如需确认目标 sheet 的新状态，自行调用 `+workbook-info`。

skills/lark-sheets/references/lark-sheets-write-cells.md

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 1. **明确写入边界**：写入前必须能回答"目标 range 的起止行列号是多少？是否落在用户授权范围内？"。除用户明示要修改的区域外，禁止扩张到原数据列以外或新建 Sheet。
 2. **完整性断言**：批量写入前先把"预期写入条数"硬编码到代码里（如要填 106 条翻译 → `expected = 106`），写完后回读断言 `actual == expected`。少于预期就继续写，禁止交付半成品。
 3. **回读抽样校验**：写完关键值 / 公式后，用 `+csv-get` 或 `+cells-get` 重新读取写入区域，至少抽样 3-5 个代表性单元格（首 / 中 / 末），核对值与预期一致（与本地脚本计算的预期值对照）。公式特定的"先验证模板再 --copy-to-range / 修完再读回"细则见下方相关章节。
+4. **护原表 · 派生产物落点（写排名 / 标记 / 汇总 / 改写列时高频致命）**：派生结果一律写到**真实末列 +1 的全新空列**或新建子表，**禁止复用任何已有原数据列**——哪怕该列看起来"空"，也要先 `+csv-get` 回读确认整列无原始数据再写。三条铁律：① 不把新公式 / 新值写进原数据列（典型反例：把新算的排名公式写进了原本存放另一份原始数据的列，整列原始数据被覆盖丢失）；② 不改写、不合并原表头字段名（典型反例：把几个独立表头字段合并成一列，原字段名丢失）；③ 慎用 `--allow-overwrite`：它一旦让写入区盖到相邻原始列 / 行就是不可逆数据丢失，加它之前必须用 `+sheet-info` / `+csv-get` 核清目标 range 不含任何原始数据。
 
 ## 新增列 / 新增行的样式继承（防止视觉风格不一致）
 
@@ -44,7 +45,30 @@
 
 ## 使用场景
 
-写入。为一块单元格区域设置值、公式、批注/备注和/或格式。也支持通过 `rich_text` 中 `type: "embed-image"` 在单元格内嵌入图片（单元格图片）。关键：数组维度必须严格匹配——`cells` 二维数组必须与 `range` 的行列维度完全一致，range 是闭区间，否则会触发 `InvalidCellRangeError`。计算示例：区域 `A1:D3` = 3 行 × 4 列 = `[[r1c1,r1c2,r1c3,r1c4],[r2c1,r2c2,r2c3,r2c4],[r3c1,r3c2,r3c3,r3c4]]`；区域 `A41:N48` = 8 行 × 14 列 = 8 个数组且每个数组 14 个单元；单个单元格 `A1` = `[[cell]]`；单列区域 `B5:B7` = `[[cell1],[cell2],[cell3]]`。空单元请使用 `{}`。**如果填写的区域存在大量重复内容，务必优先使用 `--copy-to-range` 字段复制，可大幅减少 `cells` 长度。**
+写入。向飞书表格的单元格区域写入值、公式、样式、批注、图片或下拉，也可批量写入 CSV / DataFrame。本 reference 覆盖 6 个 shortcut，按数据来源 + 内容形态选：
+
+| 场景 | 用这个 shortcut | 原因 |
+|------|----------------|------|
+| 模型手里已经有 CSV 文本（小规模手动构造、从 `+csv-get` 取到后简单加工） | `+csv-put` | 直接传 CSV 文本 + `--start-cell`，不用自己拼二维 cells 数组；必要时自动扩容行列 |
+| 列里有数值语义的数据（数字 / 金额 / 百分比 / 日期 / 计数）→ 飞书，要类型保真（来源不限：DataFrame、Counter、dict、list 都算） | `+table-put` | 列显式声明 `type`：date 落真日期、**金额 / 百分比 / 计数等数值列保精度且带 `number_format`（可排序 / 求和 / 入图表）**、string 保前导零，多 sheet 一次写。**只要列有数值语义就走这里**，不要在本地把数字拼成带 `$` / `%` 的字符串再走 `+csv-put` |
+| 写入含样式、批注、图片、数据校验等任意富写入 | `+cells-set` | 唯一支持完整富字段的 shortcut（公式 `+csv-put` 也能写） |
+| 只改已有 cell 的样式，不动 value/formula | `+cells-set-style` | 拍平 10 个样式字段为独立 flag；不触发不必要的值写入 |
+| 单 cell 嵌入图片 | `+cells-set-image` | 比 `+cells-set` 参数更简短 |
+| 大量纯值 + 需要表头样式/边框 | 先用 `+csv-put` 写值，再用 `+cells-set-style` 补样式 | 分工配合，入参最短 |
+
+**优先级**：常规批量写入（纯值或公式）优先 `+csv-put`（最短入参，直接传 CSV 文本）；含样式/批注/图片才用 `+cells-set`。⚠️ 这里"纯值"特指**已是文本、无需保留数值语义**的内容；只要列里是金额 / 百分比 / 日期 / 计数等有数值语义的数据，应优先 `+table-put`（声明 `number` / `date` 类型 + `number_format`），而不是 `+csv-put`。
+
+⚠️ `+csv-put` 可写值或公式：以 `=` 开头的单元格会被当作公式计算（读回时 `formula` 字段保留、`value` 为计算结果；含逗号的公式按 RFC 4180 用双引号包裹整列，如 `"=SUM(B2,C2)"`）。但**不会**携带样式/批注/图片，也无法把 `=` 开头的内容当字面量文本写入；需要样式/批注/图片用 `+cells-set`（或"写值 + 补样式"两步法）。
+
+⚠️ **别把本该是数值的列格式化成字符串用 `+csv-put` 写入**（高频反模式）：金额 / 百分比 / 市值 / 计数等列，若在本地拼成带 `$` / `%` / 千分位的字符串（如 `"$1,234.50"` / `"+30.5%"`）再 `+csv-put` 灌进去，单元格会变成**文本**——丢失排序 / 求和 / 图表 / 透视能力，且与 `number` 列混排时无法参与计算。正解是 `+table-put` 声明该列 `type:"number"`（百分比存小数，如 `0.305`）+ `format`（如 `"$#,##0.00"` / `"0.0%"` / `"#,##0"`），**显示效果完全相同、数值无损**。判断信号：**当你准备把一个数字 format 成字符串再写时，几乎总该用 `+table-put` 而非 `+csv-put`**。
+
+⚠️ 大数据回写走"`+csv-get` 按 `--range` 行窗口分批读到本地 + 本地脚本处理 + `+csv-put` 分批回写"。
+
+## `+cells-set` 写入要点（高频模式 / 公式 / 样式）
+
+> 以下是用 `+cells-set`（及 `+cells-set-style`）做富写入时的高频模式与铁律；选哪个 shortcut 见上方「使用场景」。
+
+`+cells-set` 为一块区域设置值 / 公式 / 批注 / 样式，也支持 `rich_text` 的 `type: "embed-image"` 嵌入单元格图片。**关键：`cells` 二维数组的行列维度必须与 `range`（闭区间）严格一致，否则触发 `InvalidCellRangeError`**——维度计算示例见文末 `## Schemas` 的 `--cells`。
 
 > **单元格图片 vs 浮动图片**：
 > - **单元格图片**（本工具）：图片嵌入在单元格内部，属于单元格内容，随单元格移动。通过 `rich_text` 中 `type: "embed-image"` 写入。
@@ -96,6 +120,7 @@ Step 2: `+cells-set` — range="A2", cells 含 value + cell_styles + border_styl
 5. **循环引用预检（高频致命错误）**：写聚合公式（SUM / AVERAGE / COUNT 等）前必须明确**引用范围不包含目标单元格自身或其传递依赖**。典型反例：在 C3 写 `=SUMIF(B:B,LEFT(B3,9)&"*",C:C)`，B 列匹配 B3 前 9 位时 C3 自己也命中，导致 C3 自引用 → `~CIRCULAR~REF~`。修法：用辅助列 / 显式排除自身（`SUMIFS(C:C, B:B, ..., A:A, "<>"&A3)`）/ 缩小范围避开自己
 6. **REGEX 模式覆盖率验证**：公式里的 `REGEXEXTRACT` / `REGEXMATCH` / `REGEXREPLACE` 等正则模式落地前必须用本地脚本在源列上跑一遍命中率统计（`df[col].str.contains(pattern).mean()`）；命中率 < 100% 时必须扩展 pattern 或加多分支（IFS / 多个 IFERROR 串联）兜底，**禁止**只覆盖样本前 N 行就交付（典型反例：用 `REGEXEXTRACT(D5,"长(\d+)")` 只匹配带"长"前缀的尺寸文本，对"宽×高"、"×"、"*"等其它分隔符直接漏匹配）
 7. **公式范围与用户指令字面对齐**：用户说"对 F 至 L 列求和"就必须写 `SUM(F2:L2)` 或 `F2+G2+H2+I2+J2+K2+L2`，**不能漏列、多列、错列**。写完用 `+cells-get` 拿回 `formula` 字符串，与用户原话逐字对照（参与求和的列名一致 / 起止列号一致 / 运算符一致），不一致就是违规
+8. **量纲 / 单位换算 / 数量乘项预检（高频致命错误，公式不报错但结果整体偏倍数）**：从文本提取数字做计算前，先核对**单位是否统一、是否漏乘数量、口径是否一致**——这类错误公式能跑通、无 `#` 报错，回读也看不出（值"像对的"）。必须用本地脚本对 3–5 个代表行**离线手算一遍预期值**，与公式结果逐格比对量级：① 单位不一致先统一再算（典型反例：尺寸 `320CM*337CM` 直接取数相乘除以 1e6 得 0.11，正确是 CM→MM 换算后得 10.78，**差 100 倍**）；② 按"单件×数量"的量必须乘数量列（典型反例：侧面板面积漏乘 F 列数量，F=2 的行只算了一半）；③ 标准值口径对齐（典型反例：营养成分 mg/kg 与 g/100g 口径混用，整列放大 100 倍）。**口径 / 单位 / 数量任一项错，整列计算结果就是错的；这类错误公式不报错、回读也不易看出，必须靠离线手算对照。**
 
 ⚠️ **收到 `formula_errors` 反馈后不要只打补丁（高频致命错误）**：`+cells-set` 返回值里若出现 `formula_errors: [{cell, formula, error_type, detail}]`，说明某些 cell 公式编译失败（`error_type=compile_failed` 通常是函数语法错如 `SPLIT(x)[1]` 的下标取值飞书不支持（SPLIT 本身支持，取第 N 项用 `INDEX(SPLIT(...),N)`）；`non_formula` 是 `=` 开头但解析不通过）。此时**禁止只聚焦修报错点的局部语法**（如仅把 `[1]` 换成 `INDEX(..,1)`），必须：
 
@@ -208,24 +233,6 @@ lark-cli sheets +dropdown-set \
 
 `+dropdown-update`（多 range 批量更新）的所有 flag 语义与 `+dropdown-set` 完全一致；只是目标 `--ranges` 由单值变成 JSON 数组（每项带 sheet 前缀），同一份选项 + 配色应用到所有 range。
 
-## 工具选择
-
-本 skill 提供以下 CLI shortcut，按数据来源 + 内容形态选：
-
-| 场景 | 用这个 shortcut | 原因 |
-|------|----------------|------|
-| 模型手里已经有 CSV 文本（小规模手动构造、从 `+csv-get` 取到后简单加工） | `+csv-put` | 直接传 CSV 文本 + `--start-cell`，不用自己拼二维 cells 数组；必要时自动扩容行列 |
-| 写入含公式、样式、批注、图片、数据校验等任意富写入 | `+cells-set` | 唯一支持完整字段的 shortcut |
-| 只改已有 cell 的样式，不动 value/formula | `+cells-set-style` | 拍平 10 个样式字段为独立 flag；不触发不必要的值写入 |
-| 单 cell 嵌入图片 | `+cells-set-image` | 比 `+cells-set` 参数更简短 |
-| 大量纯值 + 需要表头样式/边框 | 先用 `+csv-put` 写值，再用 `+cells-set-style` 补样式 | 分工配合，入参最短 |
-
-**优先级**：常规纯值写入优先 `+csv-put`（最短入参，直接传 CSV 文本）；含公式/样式/批注/图片才用 `+cells-set`。
-
-⚠️ `+csv-put` 只写纯值，**不会**携带公式/样式/批注/图片；公式字符串以 `=` 开头会被当作字面量文本落地。如果数据里需要公式或样式，**必须**用 `+cells-set`（或"写值 + 补样式"两步法）。
-
-⚠️ 大数据回写走"`+csv-get` 按 `--range` 行窗口分批读到本地 + 本地脚本处理 + `+csv-put` 分批回写"。
-
 ## Shortcuts
 
 | Shortcut | Risk | 分组 |
@@ -235,6 +242,7 @@ lark-cli sheets +dropdown-set \
 | `+cells-set-image` | write | 单元格 |
 | `+dropdown-set` | write | 对象 |
 | `+csv-put` | write | 单元格 |
+| `+table-put` | write | 单元格 |
 
 ## Flags
 
@@ -299,10 +307,18 @@ _公共四件套 · 系统：`--dry-run`_
 | Flag | Type | 必填 | 说明 |
 | --- | --- | --- | --- |
 | `--start-cell` | string | required | 目标区域起点 A1（如 `A1`、`B5`，不带 sheet 前缀；用 `--sheet-id` / `--sheet-name` 指定 sheet）；必须是单个单元格，不接受范围写法；终点按 CSV 实际行列数自动推断 |
-| `--csv` | string + File + Stdin（非 JSON 文本） | required | RFC 4180 CSV 文本；只写纯值，不带公式/样式/批注 |
+| `--csv` | string + File + Stdin（非 JSON 文本） | required | RFC 4180 CSV 文本；可写值或公式（以 = 开头的单元格按公式计算）；不带样式 / 批注 / 图片，需要这些用 +cells-set。 |
 | `--allow-overwrite` | bool | optional | 允许覆盖（默认 true）；设为 false 时若目标非空报错 |
 | `--range` | string | optional | --start-cell 的别名（与 +csv-get / +cells-set 一致，用 --range 定位）；传区间（如 A1:H17）时自动取其左上角单元格（隐藏 flag：不在 `--help` 列出，但可正常传入） |
 
+### `+table-put`
+
+_公共：URL/token（无 sheet 定位） · 系统：`--dry-run`_
+
+| Flag | Type | 必填 | 说明 |
+| --- | --- | --- | --- |
+| `--sheets` | string + File + Stdin（复合 JSON） | required | Typed 表格协议（pandas-DataFrame-shaped）JSON：顶层 sheets 数组，每项 `{name, start_cell?, mode?, header?, allow_overwrite?, columns:["colA","colB",...], data:[[...]], dtypes?:{colA:pandasDtype, ...}, formats?:{colA:numberFormat, ...}}`。Agents 通常用 `{**json.loads(df.to_json(orient="split")), "dtypes": df.dtypes.astype(str).to_dict()}` 一行构造。`dtypes` 值是 pandas dtype 字符串（`int64`、`float64`、`Int64`、`bool`、`boolean`、`datetime64[ns]`、`object`、...），CLI 端映射成内部 string/number/date/bool —— 省略 `dtypes` 时该列按文本写入（适合原始 CSV-shaped 数据）。`formats[col]` 是 Excel number_format 字符串（如 `#,##0.00`、`0.0%`、`yyyy-mm`）；缺省时 date 列用 `yyyy-mm-dd`，string 列用文本格式 `@`。 |
+
 ## Schemas
 
 > 复合 JSON flag 字段速查（只列顶层 + 一层嵌套）。深层结构看下方 `## Examples`，或用 `--print-schema` 读完整 JSON Schema（用法见 SKILL.md「公共 flag 速查」与「Agent 使用提示」）。
@@ -338,6 +354,21 @@ _列表选项_
 **数组项**（类型 string）：
 - 标量：string
 
+### `+table-put` `--sheets`
+
+_一个或多个子表的 typed 数据，每个数组元素写入一张子表；支持多 DataFrame → 多子表一次写入_
+
+**数组项**（类型 object）：
+- `name` (string) — 目标子表名
+- `start_cell` (string?) — 写入起点单元格（A1 记法，如 "B2"），默认 "A1"
+- `mode` (enum?) — overwrite（默认）：从 start_cell 起写「表头 + 数据」块；append：把数据追加到子表已有数据下方（默认不重复表头） [overwrite / append]
+- `header` (boolean?) — 是否写一行列名表头
+- `allow_overwrite` (boolean?) — 为 false 时，若写入会落在非空单元格则拒写以保护原数据（返回 partial_success）
+- `columns` (array<string>) — 列名字符串数组，顺序与 `data` 中每行取值一一对应
+- `data` (array<array<string|number|boolean|null>>) — 数据行；每行是一个数组，长度必须等于 `columns` 数
+- `dtypes` (object?) — 可选
+- `formats` (object?) — 可选
+
 ## Examples
 
 公共四件套：所有 shortcut 顶部排列 `--url` / `--spreadsheet-token` / `--sheet-id` / `--sheet-name`（XOR）。
@@ -413,15 +444,16 @@ lark-cli sheets +csv-put --spreadsheet-token shtXXX --sheet-id "$SID" \
   --start-cell "A1" --csv @data.csv
 ```
 
-> `+csv-put` 比 `+cells-set` 短得多——只想批量灌纯值时优先用它。需要公式/样式才换 `+cells-set`。
+> `+csv-put` 比 `+cells-set` 短得多——批量灌值或公式时优先用它。需要样式/批注/图片才换 `+cells-set`。
 >
-> ⚠️ `=` 开头的字符串会被当字面量写入（**不会变公式**）：
+> ✅ `=` 开头的单元格会被当作公式计算（不是字面量文本）：
 >
 > ```bash
 > lark-cli sheets +csv-put --url "..." --sheet-name "Sheet1" \
 >   --start-cell "A1" \
 >   --csv $'name,score\nalice,=SUM(B2:B10)'
-> # ↑ A2 实际写入字符串 "=SUM(B2:B10)"，**不是公式**。需要写公式请用 +cells-set。
+> # ↑ B2 写入公式 =SUM(B2:B10)，读回 formula 保留、value 为计算结果。
+> # 反过来：无法用 +csv-put 写「= 开头的字面量文本」（会被当公式）；样式/批注/图片仍用 +cells-set。
 > ```
 
 > **定位 + 写入边界（关键，避免误覆盖）**：
@@ -430,6 +462,64 @@ lark-cli sheets +csv-put --spreadsheet-token shtXXX --sheet-id "$SID" \
 > - dry-run 与成功响应都回显 `writes_range`（实际落区，如 `B2:D4`）：**写前先 `--dry-run` 看一眼落区**，确认不会盖到相邻数据。
 > - 要保护非空 cell：`--allow-overwrite=false`（落区内出现非空 cell 即报错）。
 
+### `+table-put`（DataFrame → 飞书，类型保真写入）
+
+把结构化数据（DataFrame、list of dict、Counter）类型保真写入**已有**表，底层复用 `set_cell_range`（同 `+cells-set`）。协议形状**对齐 pandas `to_json(orient="split")`**：`columns:[列名]` + `data:[[行...]]`，可选 `dtypes:{列名:pandas_dtype}` 决定每列类型（number 保精度、date 落真日期），可选 `formats:{列名:number_format}` 覆盖显示格式（千分位 / 百分比 / 自定义日期）。dtypes 缺失时整张表按 string 写入（带 `@` 文本格式，邮编 / 订单号等含前导零的 id 保真）。
+
+只写入**已有**表（`--url` / `--spreadsheet-token` 二选一必填），不新建工作簿——**要新建表格直接用 `+workbook-create --sheets`**（同协议、一步建表 + 类型保真写入，详见 workbook reference）。读回用镜像命令 `+table-get`（见 read-data reference），输出与 `--sheets` 同构、可 round-trip。
+
+```bash
+# sheet 按 name 匹配、缺则新建；多 DataFrame 经 stdin 一次写多 sheet
+python export.py | lark-cli sheets +table-put --url "<表URL>" --sheets -
+# 某 sheet 带 "mode":"append" 追加到已有数据末尾、默认不重复表头
+lark-cli sheets +table-put --spreadsheet-token "<token>" --sheets @payload.json
+```
+
+每个 sheet 还可带 `"allow_overwrite": false`（遇非空拒写、保护原数据）、`"header": false`（只写数据不写表头）。完整字段跑 `+table-put --print-schema --flag-name sheets`。
+
+#### DataFrame → 协议（5 行 helper）
+
+pandas 的 `df.to_json(orient="split", date_format="iso")` 一步完成所有清洗（NaN→null、Timestamp→ISO 字符串、numpy 标量→原生数字），helper 只要把 dtypes 拼上去——5 行覆盖单 / 多 sheet：
+
+```python
+import json
+def df_to_sheet(df, name, formats=None):
+    return {"name": name,
+            **json.loads(df.to_json(orient="split", date_format="iso")),
+            "dtypes": df.dtypes.astype(str).to_dict(),
+            **({"formats": formats} if formats else {})}
+
+# 单 sheet（显式 format 覆盖默认显示）
+payload = {"sheets": [df_to_sheet(df, "销售", {"营收": "#,##0.00", "毛利率": "0.0%"})]}
+
+# 多 sheet——helper 让每个 sheet 一行，不再重复 boilerplate
+payload = {"sheets": [df_to_sheet(df1, "销售"),
+                      df_to_sheet(df2, "成本"),
+                      df_to_sheet(df3, "利润")]}
+```
+
+> **CSV-shaped 全文本数据**（不需要类型保真、含前导零的 id 也要保留）省掉 dtypes 即可，inline 一行写完，不必走 helper（注意保留 `date_format="iso"`，否则 datetime 列会被序列化成 epoch 毫秒数字，CLI 拒绝）：
+> ```python
+> payload = {"sheets": [{"name": "原始",
+>                        **json.loads(df.to_json(orient="split", date_format="iso"))}]}
+> ```
+> **别把 `to_json + json.loads` 换成 `df.to_dict(orient="split")`**：会留 `numpy.int64` 让 `json.dumps` 后续报 "not serializable"——这一步是清洗的关键。
+
+不用 pandas 也行——typed 协议就是纯 JSON。手写场景：
+
+```python
+# Counter / dict / 手拼数据：直接写 columns + data，按需加 dtypes/formats
+payload = {"sheets": [{
+    "name": "渠道",
+    "columns": ["channel", "count", "rate"],
+    "data": [["app", 1240, 0.62], ["web", 760, 0.38]],
+    "dtypes": {"count": "int64", "rate": "float64"},
+    "formats": {"rate": "0.0%"},
+}]}
+```
+
+> **dtype 速查**：`int64`/`float64`（数值）、`Int64`（含空值的整数，nullable）、`bool`/`boolean`、`datetime64[ns]`（date，默认 `yyyy-mm-dd`）、`object`（string）。pandas dtype 字符串原样塞进 dtypes 即可，CLI 端按前缀匹配（`int*`/`uint*`/`Int*`/`float*` → number 等）。未识别 dtype 兜底为 string。
+
 ### Validate / DryRun / Execute 约束
 
 - `Validate`：XOR 公共四件套；`+cells-set` 的 `--cells` 必须能解析为 JSON 二维矩阵且行列数与 `--range` 完全一致；`+cells-set-style` 的样式 flag 至少一个非空（或带 `--border-styles`）；`+cells-set-image` 的 `--range` 必须是单 cell（起止 cell 相同）；`+csv-put` 的 `--csv` 必须能按 RFC 4180 解析；防爆参数上限校验。

tests/cli_e2e/docs/docs_update_dryrun_test.go

@@ -66,6 +66,17 @@ func TestDocs_DryRunDefaultsToV2OpenAPI(t *testing.T) {
 			},
 			wantURL: "/open-apis/docs_ai/v1/documents/doxcnDryRunE2E",
 		},
+		{
+			name: "block_delete batch",
+			args: []string{
+				"docs", "+update",
+				"--doc", "doxcnDryRunE2E",
+				"--command", "block_delete",
+				"--block-id", "blkA,blkB,blkC",
+				"--dry-run",
+			},
+			wantURL: "/open-apis/docs_ai/v1/documents/doxcnDryRunE2E",
+		},
 	}
 
 	for _, tt := range tests {

tests/cli_e2e/event/event_consume_error_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package event
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	clie2e "github.com/larksuite/cli/tests/cli_e2e"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"github.com/tidwall/gjson"
+)
+
+// TestEventConsumeUnknownKeyRegression locks the typed error envelope emitted
+// on stderr when `event consume` rejects an unknown EventKey. The lookup fails
+// before any daemon fork or network access, so the test needs no credentials.
+func TestEventConsumeUnknownKeyRegression(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", t.TempDir())
+	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_APP_ID", "app")
+	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_APP_SECRET", "secret")
+	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_BRAND", "feishu")
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 30*time.Second)
+	t.Cleanup(cancel)
+
+	result, err := clie2e.RunCmd(ctx, clie2e.Request{
+		Args:      []string{"event", "consume", "bogus.key"},
+		DefaultAs: "bot",
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	result.AssertExitCode(t, 2)
+
+	errJSON := gjson.Get(result.Stderr, "error")
+	require.True(t, errJSON.Exists(), "stderr missing 'error' JSON envelope\nstderr:\n%s", result.Stderr)
+	require.Equal(t, "validation", errJSON.Get("type").String(), "stderr:\n%s", result.Stderr)
+	require.Equal(t, "invalid_argument", errJSON.Get("subtype").String(), "stderr:\n%s", result.Stderr)
+	require.Contains(t, errJSON.Get("message").String(), "unknown EventKey: bogus.key", "stderr:\n%s", result.Stderr)
+	require.Contains(t, errJSON.Get("hint").String(), "event list", "stderr:\n%s", result.Stderr)
+}

tests/cli_e2e/event/event_subscribe_dryrun_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package event
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	clie2e "github.com/larksuite/cli/tests/cli_e2e"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"github.com/tidwall/gjson"
+)
+
+func TestEventSubscribeDryRun(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", t.TempDir())
+	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_APP_ID", "app")
+	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_APP_SECRET", "secret")
+	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_BRAND", "feishu")
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 30*time.Second)
+	t.Cleanup(cancel)
+
+	result, err := clie2e.RunCmd(ctx, clie2e.Request{
+		Args: []string{
+			"event", "+subscribe",
+			"--event-types", "im.message.receive_v1,contact.user.created_v3",
+			"--filter", "^im\\.",
+			"--output-dir", "events_out",
+			"--route", "^im\\.message=dir:./messages",
+			"--dry-run",
+		},
+		DefaultAs: "bot",
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	result.AssertExitCode(t, 0)
+
+	out := result.Stdout
+	require.Equal(t, "event +subscribe", gjson.Get(out, "command").String(), "stdout:\n%s", out)
+	require.Equal(t, "app", gjson.Get(out, "app_id").String(), "stdout:\n%s", out)
+	require.Equal(t, "im.message.receive_v1,contact.user.created_v3", gjson.Get(out, "event_types").String(), "stdout:\n%s", out)
+	require.Equal(t, "^im\\.", gjson.Get(out, "filter").String(), "stdout:\n%s", out)
+	require.Equal(t, "events_out", gjson.Get(out, "output_dir").String(), "stdout:\n%s", out)
+	require.Equal(t, "^im\\.message=dir:./messages", gjson.Get(out, "route").String(), "stdout:\n%s", out)
+}

tests/cli_e2e/event/event_subscribe_error_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package event
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	clie2e "github.com/larksuite/cli/tests/cli_e2e"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"github.com/tidwall/gjson"
+)
+
+// TestEventSubscribeInvalidRouteRegression locks the typed error envelope
+// emitted on stderr when +subscribe route parsing rejects user input. Route
+// validation fails before any WebSocket connection is opened, so the test
+// needs no credentials or network.
+func TestEventSubscribeInvalidRouteRegression(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", t.TempDir())
+	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_APP_ID", "app")
+	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_APP_SECRET", "secret")
+	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_BRAND", "feishu")
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 30*time.Second)
+	t.Cleanup(cancel)
+
+	result, err := clie2e.RunCmd(ctx, clie2e.Request{
+		Args: []string{
+			"event", "+subscribe",
+			"--force",
+			"--route", "no-equals-sign",
+		},
+		DefaultAs: "bot",
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	result.AssertExitCode(t, 2)
+
+	errJSON := gjson.Get(result.Stderr, "error")
+	require.True(t, errJSON.Exists(), "stderr missing 'error' JSON envelope\nstderr:\n%s", result.Stderr)
+	require.Equal(t, "validation", errJSON.Get("type").String(), "stderr:\n%s", result.Stderr)
+	require.Equal(t, "invalid_argument", errJSON.Get("subtype").String(), "stderr:\n%s", result.Stderr)
+	require.Equal(t, "--route", errJSON.Get("param").String(), "stderr:\n%s", result.Stderr)
+	require.Equal(t, `invalid --route "no-equals-sign": expected format regex=dir:./path`,
+		errJSON.Get("message").String(), "stderr:\n%s", result.Stderr)
+}

tests/cli_e2e/sheets/sheets_crud_workflow_test.go

@@ -143,14 +143,14 @@ func TestSheets_CRUDE2EWorkflow(t *testing.T) {
 		assert.True(t, len(matchedCells.Array()) > 0, "should find at least one cell containing 'Alice'")
 	})
 
-	t.Run("export spreadsheet with +export as bot", func(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("export spreadsheet with +workbook-export as bot", func(t *testing.T) {
 		require.NotEmpty(t, spreadsheetToken, "spreadsheet token is required")
 		outputDir := t.TempDir()
 		outputPath := filepath.Join(outputDir, "export.xlsx")
 
 		result, err := clie2e.RunCmd(ctx, clie2e.Request{
 			Args: []string{
-				"sheets", "+export",
+				"sheets", "+workbook-export",
 				"--spreadsheet-token", spreadsheetToken,
 				"--file-extension", "xlsx",
 				"--output-path", "./export.xlsx",