feat: 修改高频异常SKILL

Synced from sheet-skill-spec canonical (cli:table_put schema +
references). +table-put/+workbook-create accept the new shape via a
tableSheetIn -> tableSheetSpec normalize step (dtype string -> internal
type/format mapping). +table-get emits the same shape so the writer's
df_to_sheet and the reader's sheet_to_df round-trip cleanly.

isoDateToSerial now accepts the full ISO datetime form
(2024-01-15T00:00:00.000, including timezone suffixes) emitted by
df.to_json(date_format="iso"), not just yyyy-mm-dd. End-to-end verified
by the spec repo's contracts/python_helper_roundtrip script against a
real Lark spreadsheet on pandas 2.2 and 3.0.

.golangci.yml

@@ -73,20 +73,20 @@ linters:
           - forbidigo
       # errs-typed-only enforced on paths already migrated to errs.NewXxxError.
       # Add a path when its migration is complete.
-      - path-except: (internal/auth/|internal/errcompat/|internal/errclass/|internal/client/|internal/cmdutil/factory\.go|cmd/auth/|cmd/config/|cmd/service/|shortcuts/common/mcp_client\.go|shortcuts/calendar/|shortcuts/drive/|shortcuts/mail/|shortcuts/base/)
+      - path-except: (internal/auth/|internal/errcompat/|internal/errclass/|internal/client/|internal/cmdutil/factory\.go|cmd/auth/|cmd/config/|cmd/service/|shortcuts/common/mcp_client\.go|shortcuts/base/|shortcuts/calendar/|shortcuts/contact/|shortcuts/drive/|shortcuts/im/|shortcuts/mail/|shortcuts/minutes/|shortcuts/okr/|shortcuts/task/|shortcuts/vc/|shortcuts/whiteboard/|internal/event/consume/|cmd/event/|events/|shortcuts/event/)
         text: errs-typed-only
         linters:
           - forbidigo
       # errs-no-bare-wrap enforced on paths fully migrated to typed final
       # errors. Scoped separately from errs-typed-only because cmd/auth/,
       # cmd/config/ still have residual fmt.Errorf and must not be caught.
-      - path-except: (shortcuts/drive/|shortcuts/mail/|shortcuts/base/|shortcuts/calendar/|shortcuts/common/mcp_client\.go)
+      - path-except: (shortcuts/base/|shortcuts/calendar/|shortcuts/contact/|shortcuts/drive/|shortcuts/im/|shortcuts/mail/|shortcuts/minutes/|shortcuts/okr/|shortcuts/task/|shortcuts/vc/|shortcuts/whiteboard/|shortcuts/common/mcp_client\.go|cmd/event/|events/|shortcuts/event/)
         text: errs-no-bare-wrap
         linters:
           - forbidigo
       # errs-no-legacy-helper enforced on domains whose shared validation/save
       # helpers have migrated to typed final errors.
-      - path-except: (shortcuts/drive/|shortcuts/mail/|shortcuts/base/|shortcuts/calendar/)
+      - path-except: (shortcuts/base/|shortcuts/calendar/|shortcuts/contact/|shortcuts/drive/|shortcuts/im/|shortcuts/mail/|shortcuts/minutes/|shortcuts/okr/|shortcuts/task/|shortcuts/vc/|shortcuts/whiteboard/|cmd/event/|events/|shortcuts/event/)
         text: errs-no-legacy-helper
         linters:
           - forbidigo

AGENTS.md

@@ -75,7 +75,31 @@ The one rule to internalize: **every error message you write will be parsed by a
 
 ### Structured errors in commands
 
-`RunE` functions must return `output.Errorf` / `output.ErrWithHint` — never bare `fmt.Errorf`. AI agents parse stderr as JSON; bare errors break this contract.
+Command-facing failures must be typed `errs.*` errors — never the legacy `output.Err*` helpers and never a final bare `fmt.Errorf`. AI agents parse the stderr envelope's `type` / `subtype` / `param` / `hint` fields to decide their next action; the full taxonomy lives in `errs/ERROR_CONTRACT.md`.
+
+Picking a constructor:
+
+| Failure | Constructor |
+|---------|-------------|
+| User flag/arg fails validation | `errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, ...).WithParam("--flag")` |
+| Valid request, wrong system state | `errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeFailedPrecondition, ...).WithHint(...)` |
+| Lark API returned `code != 0` | `runtime.CallAPITyped` (shortcuts) / `errclass.BuildAPIError` (raw responses) — never hand-build |
+| Network / transport failure | `errs.NewNetworkError(errs.SubtypeNetworkTransport, ...)` |
+| Local file I/O failure | `errs.NewInternalError(errs.SubtypeFileIO, ...)` — validate the path first (`validate.SafeInputPath` / `SafeOutputPath`) and use `vfs.*` |
+| Unclassified lower-layer error as final | `errs.NewInternalError(errs.SubtypeUnknown, ...).WithCause(err)` |
+| Lower layer already returned a typed error | pass it through unchanged — re-wrapping downgrades its classification |
+
+Signatures that are easy to guess wrong:
+
+- `runtime.CallAPITyped(method, url string, params map[string]interface{}, data interface{}) (map[string]interface{}, error)` — it performs the HTTP request itself and classifies `code != 0` into a typed error; just return the error it gives you.
+- Typed pass-through check: `if _, ok := errs.ProblemOf(err); ok { return err }` — `ProblemOf` returns `(*errs.Problem, bool)`, not a nilable pointer.
+- `.WithParam` exists only on `*errs.ValidationError`. `InternalError` / `NetworkError` have no param field — file or endpoint context goes in the message or `.WithHint(...)`.
+
+`forbidigo` + `lint/errscontract` reject the legacy `output.Err*` helpers, bare final `fmt.Errorf` / `errors.New`, and legacy envelope literals on migrated paths. Beyond what lint catches, three authoring conventions apply:
+
+- Preserve the underlying error with `.WithCause(err)` so `errors.Is` / `errors.Unwrap` keep working.
+- `param` names only the user input that actually failed. Recovery guidance goes in `.WithHint(...)`; machine-readable recovery fields (`missing_scopes`, `log_id`) carry server/system ground truth only — never caller-side guesses.
+- Error-path tests assert typed metadata via `errs.ProblemOf` (`category` / `subtype` / `param`) and cause preservation, not message substrings alone.
 
 ### stdout is data, stderr is everything else
 

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -2,6 +2,46 @@
 
 All notable changes to this project will be documented in this file.
 
+## [v1.0.49] - 2026-06-08
+
+### Features
+
+- **events**: Add whiteboard event domain with per-board subscription (#1265)
+- **im**: Support feed group (#1102)
+- **im**: Add feed shortcut create, list, and remove shortcuts (#1273)
+- **im**: Format feed group error handling (#1308)
+- **im**: Return typed error envelopes across the im domain (#1230)
+- **base**: Emit typed error envelopes across the base domain (#1248)
+- **calendar**: Emit typed error envelopes across the calendar domain (#1232)
+- **task**: Emit typed error envelopes across the task domain (#1231)
+- **okr,whiteboard**: Emit typed error envelopes across both domains (#1236)
+- **minutes,vc**: Emit typed error envelopes across both domains (#1234)
+- **markdown**: Harden create upload failures (#1325)
+- **drive**: Harden inspect shortcut failures (#1324)
+- **slides**: Add IconPark lookup for Lark slides (#1123)
+- **doc**: Remove docs v1 API (#1291)
+- **cli**: Add `skills` command to read embedded skill content (#1318)
+- **cli**: Fetch official skills index (#1301)
+- **shared**: Document relative-path-only file arguments (#1319)
+- **scopes**: Clear `recommend.allow` scope auto-approve overrides (#1272)
+- **shortcuts**: Check shortcut example commands against the live CLI tree (#1244)
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+- **events**: Keep bounded event consume runs alive after stdin EOF (#1285)
+- **drive**: Use docs secure label read scope (#1281)
+
+### Documentation
+
+- **approval**: Restructure skill with intent table and scope boundaries (#1307)
+- **skills**: Tighten drive and markdown guardrails (#1326)
+- **skills**: Optimize calendar, vc, and minutes skill guidance (#1269)
+- **markdown**: Add markdown domain template (#1293)
+- **markdown**: Improve lark-markdown skill guidance (#1279)
+- **doc**: Improve lark-doc skill guidance (#1283)
+- **wiki**: Optimize skill guidance and routing boundaries (#1275)
+- **slides**: Tighten routing/boundary and reconcile in-slide whiteboard (#1169)
+
 ## [v1.0.48] - 2026-06-04
 
 ### Features
@@ -1026,6 +1066,7 @@ Bundled AI agent skills for intelligent assistance:
 - Bilingual documentation (English & Chinese).
 - CI/CD pipelines: linting, testing, coverage reporting, and automated releases.
 
+[v1.0.49]: https://github.com/larksuite/cli/releases/tag/v1.0.49
 [v1.0.48]: https://github.com/larksuite/cli/releases/tag/v1.0.48
 [v1.0.47]: https://github.com/larksuite/cli/releases/tag/v1.0.47
 [v1.0.46]: https://github.com/larksuite/cli/releases/tag/v1.0.46

cmd/auth/login.go

@@ -296,10 +296,11 @@ func authLoginRun(opts *LoginOptions) error {
 	}
 
 	// Step 2: Show user code and verification URL.
-	// Both branches surface AgentTimeoutHint, but on different channels:
-	// JSON mode embeds it as a structured field (so an agent that captures
-	// stdout into a JSON parser sees it without stream-mixing surprises),
-	// text mode prints to stderr (alongside the URL prompt).
+	// JSON mode embeds AgentTimeoutHint as a structured field so agents that
+	// capture stdout into a JSON parser see it without stream-mixing surprises.
+	// Text mode prints the hint to stderr only when running under a non-TTY
+	// (i.e. piped / agent harness), since humans reading a terminal don't need
+	// the agent-oriented instructions.
 	if opts.JSON {
 		data := map[string]interface{}{
 			"event":                     "device_authorization",
@@ -317,7 +318,9 @@ func authLoginRun(opts *LoginOptions) error {
 	} else {
 		fmt.Fprintf(f.IOStreams.ErrOut, msg.OpenURL)
 		fmt.Fprintf(f.IOStreams.ErrOut, "  %s\n\n", authResp.VerificationUriComplete)
-		fmt.Fprintln(f.IOStreams.ErrOut, msg.AgentTimeoutHint)
+		if f.IOStreams != nil && !f.IOStreams.IsTerminal {
+			fmt.Fprintln(f.IOStreams.ErrOut, msg.AgentTimeoutHint)
+		}
 	}
 
 	// Step 3: Poll for token
@@ -404,10 +407,11 @@ func authLoginPollDeviceCode(opts *LoginOptions, config *core.CliConfig, msg *lo
 			fmt.Fprintf(f.IOStreams.ErrOut, "[lark-cli] [WARN] auth login: failed to remove cached requested scopes: %v\n", err)
 		}
 	}
-	// Skip the stderr hint in JSON mode — the --no-wait call that issued the
-	// device_code already returned the hint as a JSON field, and writing
-	// text to stderr would pollute consumers that combine streams via 2>&1.
-	if !opts.JSON {
+	// Skip the stderr hint in JSON mode (the --no-wait call that issued
+	// the device_code already surfaced it as a JSON field), and also skip it
+	// when running on an interactive terminal — the agent-oriented
+	// instructions only matter for piped / harness environments.
+	if !opts.JSON && f.IOStreams != nil && !f.IOStreams.IsTerminal {
 		fmt.Fprintln(f.IOStreams.ErrOut, msg.AgentTimeoutHint)
 	}
 	log(msg.WaitingAuth)

cmd/build.go

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ package cmd
 import (
 	"context"
 	"io"
+	"io/fs"
 
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/cmd/api"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/cmd/auth"
@@ -16,6 +17,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/cmd/profile"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/cmd/schema"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/cmd/service"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/cmd/skill"
 	cmdupdate "github.com/larksuite/cli/cmd/update"
 	_ "github.com/larksuite/cli/events"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/build"
@@ -51,6 +53,18 @@ func WithKeychain(kc keychain.KeychainAccess) BuildOption {
 	}
 }
 
+// embeddedSkillContent is the skill tree wired into cmdutil.Factory.SkillContent
+// at build time. It is registered by the repo-root package main's init via
+// SetEmbeddedSkillContent — it cannot be threaded through main.go without
+// breaking the single-file preview build (see skills_embed.go). nil in builds
+// that embed no skills; the `skills` commands then return a typed internal error.
+var embeddedSkillContent fs.FS
+
+// SetEmbeddedSkillContent registers the embedded skill tree. Called from the
+// repo-root package main's init; a wrapper main can call it before Execute to
+// supply its own skill content.
+func SetEmbeddedSkillContent(fsys fs.FS) { embeddedSkillContent = fsys }
+
 // HideProfile sets the visibility policy for the root-level --profile flag.
 // When hide is true the flag stays registered (so existing invocations still
 // parse) but is omitted from help and shell completion. Typically called as
@@ -103,6 +117,7 @@ func buildInternal(ctx context.Context, inv cmdutil.InvocationContext, opts ...B
 	if cfg.keychain != nil {
 		f.Keychain = cfg.keychain
 	}
+	f.SkillContent = embeddedSkillContent
 	rootCmd := &cobra.Command{
 		Use:     "lark-cli",
 		Short:   "Lark/Feishu CLI — OAuth authorization, UAT management, API calls",
@@ -140,6 +155,7 @@ func buildInternal(ctx context.Context, inv cmdutil.InvocationContext, opts ...B
 	rootCmd.AddCommand(completion.NewCmdCompletion(f))
 	rootCmd.AddCommand(cmdupdate.NewCmdUpdate(f))
 	rootCmd.AddCommand(cmdevent.NewCmdEvents(f))
+	rootCmd.AddCommand(skill.NewCmdSkill(f))
 	service.RegisterServiceCommandsWithContext(ctx, rootCmd, f)
 	shortcuts.RegisterShortcutsWithContext(ctx, rootCmd, f)
 

cmd/event/bus.go

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/event"
@@ -38,7 +39,8 @@ func NewCmdBus(f *cmdutil.Factory) *cobra.Command {
 
 			logger, err := bus.SetupBusLogger(eventsDir)
 			if err != nil {
-				return err
+				return errs.NewInternalError(errs.SubtypeFileIO,
+					"set up bus logger: %s", err).WithCause(err)
 			}
 
 			tr := transport.New()
@@ -58,7 +60,14 @@ func NewCmdBus(f *cmdutil.Factory) *cobra.Command {
 				}
 			}()
 
-			return b.Run(ctx)
+			if err := b.Run(ctx); err != nil {
+				if _, ok := errs.ProblemOf(err); ok {
+					return err
+				}
+				return errs.NewInternalError(errs.SubtypeUnknown,
+					"event bus daemon exited: %s", err).WithCause(err)
+			}
+			return nil
 		},
 	}
 

cmd/event/bus_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package event
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
+)
+
+// The hidden `event _bus` daemon command must exit with a typed file_io error
+// when its log directory cannot be created (the error is only visible in the
+// forked process's captured stderr / bus.log).
+func TestBusCommandLoggerSetupFailureIsTypedFileIO(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", dir)
+	// Block the events/ root with a regular file so MkdirAll fails.
+	if err := os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(dir, "events"), []byte("x"), 0600); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	f, _, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{
+		AppID: "cli_bus_test", AppSecret: "secret", Brand: core.BrandFeishu,
+	})
+	cmd := NewCmdBus(f)
+	cmd.SetArgs([]string{})
+
+	err := cmd.Execute()
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected logger setup error")
+	}
+	p, ok := errs.ProblemOf(err)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("expected typed errs error, got %T: %v", err, err)
+	}
+	if p.Category != errs.CategoryInternal || p.Subtype != errs.SubtypeFileIO {
+		t.Errorf("problem = %s/%s, want %s/%s", p.Category, p.Subtype,
+			errs.CategoryInternal, errs.SubtypeFileIO)
+	}
+}

cmd/event/consume.go

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/appmeta"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/auth"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
@@ -64,8 +65,8 @@ Use 'event schema <EventKey>' for parameter details.`,
 	cmd.Flags().StringVar(&o.jqExpr, "jq", "", "JQ expression to filter output")
 	cmd.Flags().BoolVar(&o.quiet, "quiet", false, "Suppress informational messages on stderr")
 	cmd.Flags().StringVar(&o.outputDir, "output-dir", "", "Write each event as a file in this directory (relative paths only; absolute paths and ~ are rejected to prevent path traversal)")
-	cmd.Flags().IntVar(&o.maxEvents, "max-events", 0, "Exit after N successful emits (0 = unlimited). Multi-worker EventKeys may emit up to workers-1 past N before all workers stop.")
-	cmd.Flags().DurationVar(&o.timeout, "timeout", 0, "Exit after DURATION (e.g. 30s, 2m). 0 = no timeout. Timeout is a normal exit (code 0; stderr 'reason: timeout').")
+	cmd.Flags().IntVar(&o.maxEvents, "max-events", 0, "Exit after N successful emits (0 = unlimited). Multi-worker EventKeys may emit up to workers-1 past N before all workers stop. Bounded runs ignore stdin EOF.")
+	cmd.Flags().DurationVar(&o.timeout, "timeout", 0, "Exit after DURATION (e.g. 30s, 2m). 0 = no timeout. Timeout is a normal exit (code 0; stderr 'reason: timeout'). Bounded runs ignore stdin EOF.")
 	cmd.Flags().String("as", "auto", "identity type: user | bot | auto (must match EventKey's declared AuthTypes)")
 	_ = cmd.RegisterFlagCompletionFunc("as", func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string, toComplete string) ([]string, cobra.ShellCompDirective) {
 		return []string{"user", "bot", "auto"}, cobra.ShellCompDirectiveNoFileComp
@@ -101,11 +102,10 @@ func runConsume(cmd *cobra.Command, f *cmdutil.Factory, eventKey string, o consu
 
 	if o.jqExpr != "" {
 		if err := output.ValidateJqExpression(o.jqExpr); err != nil {
-			return output.ErrWithHint(
-				output.ExitValidation, "validation",
-				err.Error(),
-				fmt.Sprintf("see `lark-cli event consume --help` EXAMPLES for common patterns, or `lark-cli event schema %s` for valid field paths", eventKey),
-			)
+			return errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, "%s", err).
+				WithParam("--jq").
+				WithCause(err).
+				WithHint("see `lark-cli event consume --help` EXAMPLES for common patterns, or `lark-cli event schema %s` for valid field paths", eventKey)
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -184,8 +184,9 @@ func runConsume(cmd *cobra.Command, f *cmdutil.Factory, eventKey string, o consu
 		errOut = io.Discard
 	}
 
-	// Non-TTY only: stdin EOF is shutdown for subprocess callers; in TTY Ctrl-D must not exit.
-	if !f.IOStreams.IsTerminal {
+	// Non-TTY unbounded consumers use stdin EOF as shutdown for subprocess callers.
+	// Bounded runs already have --max-events/--timeout as their lifecycle control.
+	if shouldWatchStdinEOF(f.IOStreams.IsTerminal, o.maxEvents, o.timeout) {
 		watchStdinEOF(os.Stdin, cancel, errOut)
 	}
 
@@ -260,12 +261,12 @@ func preflightScopes(ctx context.Context, pf *preflightCtx) error {
 	if len(missing) == 0 {
 		return nil
 	}
-	return output.ErrWithHint(
-		output.ExitAuth, "auth",
-		fmt.Sprintf("missing required scopes for EventKey %s (as %s): %s",
-			pf.eventKey, pf.identity, strings.Join(missing, ", ")),
-		scopeRemediationHint(pf.identity, missing, pf.appID, pf.brand),
-	)
+	return errs.NewPermissionError(errs.SubtypeMissingScope,
+		"missing required scopes for EventKey %s (as %s): %s",
+		pf.eventKey, pf.identity, strings.Join(missing, ", ")).
+		WithIdentity(string(pf.identity)).
+		WithMissingScopes(missing...).
+		WithHint("%s", scopeRemediationHint(pf.identity, missing, pf.appID, pf.brand))
 }
 
 // scopeRemediationHint returns an identity-appropriate fix for missing scopes.
@@ -300,23 +301,27 @@ func preflightEventTypes(pf *preflightCtx) error {
 	if len(missing) == 0 {
 		return nil
 	}
-	return output.ErrWithHint(
-		output.ExitValidation, "validation",
-		fmt.Sprintf("EventKey %s requires event types not subscribed in console: %s",
-			pf.keyDef.Key, strings.Join(missing, ", ")),
-		fmt.Sprintf("subscribe these events and publish a new app version at: %s",
-			consoleEventSubscriptionURL(pf.brand, pf.appID)),
-	)
+	return errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeFailedPrecondition,
+		"EventKey %s requires event types not subscribed in console: %s",
+		pf.keyDef.Key, strings.Join(missing, ", ")).
+		WithHint("subscribe these events and publish a new app version at: %s",
+			consoleEventSubscriptionURL(pf.brand, pf.appID))
 }
 
 // sanitizeOutputDir rejects absolute/parent-escaping paths and ~ (SafeOutputPath treats it as a literal dir name).
 func sanitizeOutputDir(dir string) (string, error) {
 	if strings.HasPrefix(dir, "~") {
-		return "", output.ErrValidation("%s; use a relative path like ./output instead", errOutputDirTilde)
+		return "", errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument,
+			"%s; use a relative path like ./output instead", errOutputDirTilde).
+			WithParam("--output-dir").
+			WithCause(errOutputDirTilde)
 	}
 	safe, err := validate.SafeOutputPath(dir)
 	if err != nil {
-		return "", output.ErrValidation("%s %q: %s", errOutputDirUnsafe, dir, err)
+		return "", errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument,
+			"%s %q: %s", errOutputDirUnsafe, dir, err).
+			WithParam("--output-dir").
+			WithCause(errOutputDirUnsafe)
 	}
 	return safe, nil
 }
@@ -328,18 +333,21 @@ func resolveTenantToken(ctx context.Context, f *cmdutil.Factory, appID string) (
 	}
 	result, err := f.Credential.ResolveToken(ctx, credential.NewTokenSpec(core.AsBot, appID))
 	if err != nil {
-		return "", output.ErrAuth("resolve tenant access token: %s", err)
+		if _, ok := errs.ProblemOf(err); ok {
+			return "", err
+		}
+		return "", errs.NewAuthenticationError(errs.SubtypeTokenMissing,
+			"resolve tenant access token: %s", err).WithCause(err)
 	}
 	if result == nil || result.Token == "" {
-		return "", output.ErrWithHint(
-			output.ExitAuth, "auth",
-			fmt.Sprintf("no tenant access token available for app %s", appID),
-			"Check that app_secret is configured (lark-cli config show) and try 'lark-cli auth login'.",
-		)
+		return "", errs.NewAuthenticationError(errs.SubtypeTokenMissing,
+			"no tenant access token available for app %s", appID).
+			WithHint("Check that app_secret is configured (lark-cli config show) and try 'lark-cli auth login'.")
 	}
 	return result.Token, nil
 }
 
+// Sentinels for errors.Is checks; call sites wrap them as typed ValidationError causes.
 var (
 	errInvalidParamFormat = errors.New("invalid --param format")
 	errOutputDirTilde     = errors.New("--output-dir does not support ~ expansion")
@@ -351,7 +359,10 @@ func parseParams(raw []string) (map[string]string, error) {
 	for _, kv := range raw {
 		k, v, ok := strings.Cut(kv, "=")
 		if !ok || k == "" {
-			return nil, output.ErrValidation("%s %q: expected key=value", errInvalidParamFormat, kv)
+			return nil, errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument,
+				"%s %q: expected key=value", errInvalidParamFormat, kv).
+				WithParam("--param").
+				WithCause(errInvalidParamFormat)
 		}
 		m[k] = v
 	}
@@ -370,3 +381,8 @@ func watchStdinEOF(r io.Reader, cancel context.CancelFunc, errOut io.Writer) {
 		cancel()
 	}()
 }
+
+// shouldWatchStdinEOF gates the stdin-EOF shutdown watcher: non-TTY unbounded runs only (<= 0 mirrors downstream's >0-is-bounded semantics, so negative bounds stay unbounded).
+func shouldWatchStdinEOF(isTerminal bool, maxEvents int, timeout time.Duration) bool {
+	return !isTerminal && maxEvents <= 0 && timeout <= 0
+}

cmd/event/consume_stdin_test.go

@@ -61,3 +61,70 @@ func TestWatchStdinEOF_DiagnosticMessage(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatal("watchStdinEOF did not cancel within 1s of EOF")
 	}
 }
+
+func TestShouldWatchStdinEOF(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name       string
+		isTerminal bool
+		maxEvents  int
+		timeout    time.Duration
+		want       bool
+	}{
+		{
+			name:       "terminal",
+			isTerminal: true,
+			want:       false,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "non terminal unbounded",
+			want: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:      "non terminal negative max events is unbounded",
+			maxEvents: -1,
+			want:      true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "non terminal negative timeout is unbounded",
+			timeout: -1 * time.Second,
+			want:    true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:      "non terminal max events bounded",
+			maxEvents: 1,
+			want:      false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "non terminal timeout bounded",
+			timeout: 10 * time.Minute,
+			want:    false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:      "non terminal both bounds positive",
+			maxEvents: 1,
+			timeout:   10 * time.Minute,
+			want:      false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:      "non terminal bounded max events with negative timeout",
+			maxEvents: 1,
+			timeout:   -1 * time.Second,
+			want:      false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:      "non terminal bounded timeout with negative max events",
+			maxEvents: -1,
+			timeout:   10 * time.Minute,
+			want:      false,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			got := shouldWatchStdinEOF(tt.isTerminal, tt.maxEvents, tt.timeout)
+			if got != tt.want {
+				t.Fatalf("shouldWatchStdinEOF() = %v, want %v", got, tt.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}

cmd/event/consume_test.go

@@ -4,9 +4,14 @@
 package event
 
 import (
+	"context"
 	"errors"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/credential"
 )
 
 func TestParseParams(t *testing.T) {
@@ -73,6 +78,7 @@ func TestParseParams(t *testing.T) {
 				if tc.wantEcho != "" && !strings.Contains(err.Error(), tc.wantEcho) {
 					t.Errorf("err %q should echo %q so user sees the bad input", err.Error(), tc.wantEcho)
 				}
+				assertInvalidArgumentParam(t, err, "--param")
 				return
 			}
 			if err != nil {
@@ -90,6 +96,77 @@ func TestParseParams(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+// emptyTokenResolver resolves to a result that carries no token.
+type emptyTokenResolver struct{}
+
+func (emptyTokenResolver) ResolveToken(_ context.Context, _ credential.TokenSpec) (*credential.TokenResult, error) {
+	return &credential.TokenResult{}, nil
+}
+
+// failingTokenResolver fails outright with an untyped error.
+type failingTokenResolver struct{}
+
+func (failingTokenResolver) ResolveToken(_ context.Context, _ credential.TokenSpec) (*credential.TokenResult, error) {
+	return nil, errors.New("backend unavailable")
+}
+
+func factoryWithResolver(r credential.DefaultTokenResolver) *cmdutil.Factory {
+	return &cmdutil.Factory{Credential: credential.NewCredentialProvider(nil, nil, r, nil)}
+}
+
+func TestResolveTenantToken_EmptyTokenResult(t *testing.T) {
+	_, err := resolveTenantToken(context.Background(), factoryWithResolver(emptyTokenResolver{}), "cli_x")
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected error, got nil")
+	}
+	p, ok := errs.ProblemOf(err)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("expected typed errs error, got %T: %v", err, err)
+	}
+	if p.Category != errs.CategoryAuthentication || p.Subtype != errs.SubtypeTokenMissing {
+		t.Errorf("problem = %s/%s, want %s/%s", p.Category, p.Subtype,
+			errs.CategoryAuthentication, errs.SubtypeTokenMissing)
+	}
+	var malformed *credential.MalformedTokenResultError
+	if !errors.As(err, &malformed) {
+		t.Error("empty-token failure should preserve the credential-layer cause")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestResolveTenantToken_ResolverFailure(t *testing.T) {
+	_, err := resolveTenantToken(context.Background(), factoryWithResolver(failingTokenResolver{}), "cli_x")
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected error, got nil")
+	}
+	p, ok := errs.ProblemOf(err)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("expected typed errs error, got %T: %v", err, err)
+	}
+	if p.Category != errs.CategoryAuthentication || p.Subtype != errs.SubtypeTokenMissing {
+		t.Errorf("problem = %s/%s, want %s/%s", p.Category, p.Subtype,
+			errs.CategoryAuthentication, errs.SubtypeTokenMissing)
+	}
+	if errors.Unwrap(err) == nil {
+		t.Error("resolver failure should preserve its cause")
+	}
+}
+
+// assertInvalidArgumentParam verifies err is a typed validation error with
+// subtype invalid_argument naming the given flag in its param field.
+func assertInvalidArgumentParam(t *testing.T, err error, param string) {
+	t.Helper()
+	var ve *errs.ValidationError
+	if !errors.As(err, &ve) {
+		t.Fatalf("expected *errs.ValidationError, got %T: %v", err, err)
+	}
+	if ve.Subtype != errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument {
+		t.Errorf("subtype = %s, want %s", ve.Subtype, errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument)
+	}
+	if ve.Param != param {
+		t.Errorf("param = %q, want %q", ve.Param, param)
+	}
+}
+
 func TestSanitizeOutputDir(t *testing.T) {
 	cases := []struct {
 		name       string
@@ -130,6 +207,7 @@ func TestSanitizeOutputDir(t *testing.T) {
 				if !errors.Is(err, tc.wantSentry) {
 					t.Fatalf("want errors.Is(err, %v), got %q", tc.wantSentry, err.Error())
 				}
+				assertInvalidArgumentParam(t, err, "--output-dir")
 				return
 			}
 			if err != nil {

cmd/event/preflight_test.go

@@ -8,10 +8,10 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
 
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/appmeta"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
 	eventlib "github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/event"
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/output"
 )
 
 func newPreflightCtx(appID string, brand core.LarkBrand, identity core.Identity, keyDef *eventlib.KeyDefinition, appVer *appmeta.AppVersion) *preflightCtx {
@@ -89,19 +89,17 @@ func TestPreflightEventTypes_MissingBlocks(t *testing.T) {
 	if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "mail.user_mailbox.event.message_read_v1") {
 		t.Errorf("error should name the missing event type, got: %v", err)
 	}
-	var exit *output.ExitError
-	if !errors.As(err, &exit) {
-		t.Fatalf("expected output.ExitError, got %T: %v", err, err)
+	p, ok := errs.ProblemOf(err)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("expected typed errs error, got %T: %v", err, err)
 	}
-	if exit.Code != output.ExitValidation {
-		t.Errorf("ExitCode = %d, want ExitValidation (%d)", exit.Code, output.ExitValidation)
-	}
-	if exit.Detail == nil {
-		t.Fatal("expected Detail with hint")
+	if p.Category != errs.CategoryValidation || p.Subtype != errs.SubtypeFailedPrecondition {
+		t.Errorf("problem = %s/%s, want %s/%s", p.Category, p.Subtype,
+			errs.CategoryValidation, errs.SubtypeFailedPrecondition)
 	}
 	wantURL := "https://open.feishu.cn/app/cli_XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX/event"
-	if !strings.Contains(exit.Detail.Hint, wantURL) {
-		t.Errorf("hint missing subscription URL %q\ngot: %s", wantURL, exit.Detail.Hint)
+	if !strings.Contains(p.Hint, wantURL) {
+		t.Errorf("hint missing subscription URL %q\ngot: %s", wantURL, p.Hint)
 	}
 }
 
@@ -145,17 +143,19 @@ func TestPreflightScopes_Bot_MissingBlocks(t *testing.T) {
 	if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "im:message.group_at_msg") {
 		t.Errorf("error should name missing scope, got: %v", err)
 	}
-	var exit *output.ExitError
-	if !errors.As(err, &exit) {
-		t.Fatalf("expected output.ExitError, got %T: %v", err, err)
+	var permErr *errs.PermissionError
+	if !errors.As(err, &permErr) {
+		t.Fatalf("expected *errs.PermissionError, got %T: %v", err, err)
 	}
-	if exit.Code != output.ExitAuth {
-		t.Errorf("ExitCode = %d, want ExitAuth (%d)", exit.Code, output.ExitAuth)
+	if permErr.Category != errs.CategoryAuthorization || permErr.Subtype != errs.SubtypeMissingScope {
+		t.Errorf("problem = %s/%s, want %s/%s", permErr.Category, permErr.Subtype,
+			errs.CategoryAuthorization, errs.SubtypeMissingScope)
 	}
-	if exit.Detail == nil {
-		t.Fatal("expected Detail with hint, got nil Detail")
+	wantMissing := []string{"im:message.group_at_msg"}
+	if len(permErr.MissingScopes) != 1 || permErr.MissingScopes[0] != wantMissing[0] {
+		t.Errorf("MissingScopes = %v, want %v", permErr.MissingScopes, wantMissing)
 	}
-	hint := exit.Detail.Hint
+	hint := permErr.Hint
 	wantSubstrings := []string{
 		"https://open.feishu.cn/app/cli_x/auth?q=",
 		"im:message.group_at_msg",

cmd/event/runtime.go

@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@ package event
 import (
 	"context"
 	"encoding/json"
-	"fmt"
 
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/client"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
 )
@@ -26,7 +26,11 @@ func (r *consumeRuntime) CallAPI(ctx context.Context, method, path string, body
 		As:     r.accessIdentity,
 	})
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
+		if _, ok := errs.ProblemOf(err); ok {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		return nil, errs.NewNetworkError(errs.SubtypeNetworkTransport,
+			"api %s %s: %s", method, path, err).WithCause(err)
 	}
 	// Non-JSON HTTP errors (gateway text/plain 404 etc.) skip OAPI envelope parsing.
 	ct := resp.Header.Get("Content-Type")
@@ -36,11 +40,20 @@ func (r *consumeRuntime) CallAPI(ctx context.Context, method, path string, body
 		if len(body) > maxBodyEcho {
 			body = body[:maxBodyEcho] + "…(truncated)"
 		}
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("api %s %s returned %d: %s", method, path, resp.StatusCode, body)
+		if resp.StatusCode >= 500 {
+			return nil, errs.NewNetworkError(errs.SubtypeNetworkServer,
+				"api %s %s returned %d: %s", method, path, resp.StatusCode, body).WithRetryable()
+		}
+		return nil, errs.NewInternalError(errs.SubtypeInvalidResponse,
+			"api %s %s returned %d: %s", method, path, resp.StatusCode, body)
 	}
 	result, err := client.ParseJSONResponse(resp)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
+		if _, ok := errs.ProblemOf(err); ok {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		return nil, errs.NewInternalError(errs.SubtypeInvalidResponse,
+			"api %s %s: %s", method, path, err).WithCause(err)
 	}
 	if apiErr := r.client.CheckResponse(result, r.accessIdentity); apiErr != nil {
 		return json.RawMessage(resp.RawBody), apiErr

cmd/event/runtime_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package event
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"io"
+	"net/http"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	lark "github.com/larksuite/oapi-sdk-go/v3"
+	larkcore "github.com/larksuite/oapi-sdk-go/v3/core"
+
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/client"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/credential"
+)
+
+// staticTokenResolver always returns a fixed token without any HTTP calls.
+type staticTokenResolver struct{}
+
+func (s *staticTokenResolver) ResolveToken(_ context.Context, _ credential.TokenSpec) (*credential.TokenResult, error) {
+	return &credential.TokenResult{Token: "test-token"}, nil
+}
+
+// stubRoundTripper intercepts every outgoing request with a canned response.
+type stubRoundTripper struct {
+	respond func(*http.Request) (*http.Response, error)
+}
+
+func (s stubRoundTripper) RoundTrip(r *http.Request) (*http.Response, error) { return s.respond(r) }
+
+func newTestConsumeRuntime(rt http.RoundTripper) *consumeRuntime {
+	sdk := lark.NewClient("test-app", "test-secret",
+		lark.WithEnableTokenCache(false),
+		lark.WithLogLevel(larkcore.LogLevelError),
+		lark.WithHttpClient(&http.Client{Transport: rt}),
+	)
+	return &consumeRuntime{
+		client: &client.APIClient{
+			SDK:        sdk,
+			ErrOut:     io.Discard,
+			Credential: credential.NewCredentialProvider(nil, nil, &staticTokenResolver{}, nil),
+			Config:     &core.CliConfig{AppID: "test-app", AppSecret: "test-secret", Brand: core.BrandFeishu},
+		},
+		accessIdentity: core.AsBot,
+	}
+}
+
+func stubResponse(status int, contentType, body string) func(*http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
+	return func(r *http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
+		return &http.Response{
+			StatusCode: status,
+			Header:     http.Header{"Content-Type": []string{contentType}},
+			Body:       io.NopCloser(strings.NewReader(body)),
+			Request:    r,
+		}, nil
+	}
+}
+
+func requireCallAPIProblem(t *testing.T, err error, category errs.Category, subtype errs.Subtype) {
+	t.Helper()
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected error, got nil")
+	}
+	p, ok := errs.ProblemOf(err)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("expected typed errs error, got %T: %v", err, err)
+	}
+	if p.Category != category || p.Subtype != subtype {
+		t.Fatalf("problem = %s/%s, want %s/%s", p.Category, p.Subtype, category, subtype)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestConsumeRuntimeCallAPI_NonJSONHTTPError(t *testing.T) {
+	r := newTestConsumeRuntime(stubRoundTripper{respond: stubResponse(http.StatusNotFound, "text/plain", "gone")})
+	_, err := r.CallAPI(context.Background(), "GET", "/open-apis/event/v1/connection", nil)
+	requireCallAPIProblem(t, err, errs.CategoryInternal, errs.SubtypeInvalidResponse)
+	if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "returned 404") {
+		t.Errorf("error should echo the HTTP status, got: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestConsumeRuntimeCallAPI_NonJSONHTTPErrorTruncatesLongBody(t *testing.T) {
+	long := strings.Repeat("x", 300)
+	r := newTestConsumeRuntime(stubRoundTripper{respond: stubResponse(http.StatusBadGateway, "text/html", long)})
+	_, err := r.CallAPI(context.Background(), "GET", "/open-apis/event/v1/connection", nil)
+	requireCallAPIProblem(t, err, errs.CategoryNetwork, errs.SubtypeNetworkServer)
+	p, _ := errs.ProblemOf(err)
+	if !p.Retryable {
+		t.Fatal("5xx non-JSON response should be marked retryable")
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "…(truncated)") {
+		t.Errorf("long body should be truncated in the message, got: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestConsumeRuntimeCallAPI_UnparsableJSONBody(t *testing.T) {
+	r := newTestConsumeRuntime(stubRoundTripper{respond: stubResponse(http.StatusOK, "application/json", "{not json")})
+	_, err := r.CallAPI(context.Background(), "GET", "/open-apis/event/v1/connection", nil)
+	requireCallAPIProblem(t, err, errs.CategoryInternal, errs.SubtypeInvalidResponse)
+}
+
+func TestConsumeRuntimeCallAPI_TransportFailure(t *testing.T) {
+	r := newTestConsumeRuntime(stubRoundTripper{respond: func(*http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
+		return nil, errors.New("connection refused")
+	}})
+	_, err := r.CallAPI(context.Background(), "GET", "/open-apis/event/v1/connection", nil)
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected error, got nil")
+	}
+	p, ok := errs.ProblemOf(err)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("expected typed errs error, got %T: %v", err, err)
+	}
+	if p.Category != errs.CategoryNetwork {
+		t.Fatalf("category = %s, want %s", p.Category, errs.CategoryNetwork)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestConsumeRuntimeCallAPI_EnvelopeErrorIsTyped(t *testing.T) {
+	r := newTestConsumeRuntime(stubRoundTripper{respond: stubResponse(http.StatusOK, "application/json",
+		`{"code":99991663,"msg":"app not found"}`)})
+	_, err := r.CallAPI(context.Background(), "GET", "/open-apis/event/v1/connection", nil)
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected error, got nil")
+	}
+	if _, ok := errs.ProblemOf(err); !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("envelope error should be typed via BuildAPIError, got %T: %v", err, err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestConsumeRuntimeCallAPI_Success(t *testing.T) {
+	r := newTestConsumeRuntime(stubRoundTripper{respond: stubResponse(http.StatusOK, "application/json",
+		`{"code":0,"data":{"ok":true}}`)})
+	raw, err := r.CallAPI(context.Background(), "GET", "/open-apis/event/v1/connection", nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(string(raw), `"code":0`) {
+		t.Errorf("raw body should pass through, got: %s", raw)
+	}
+}

cmd/event/schema.go

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
 	eventlib "github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/event"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/event/schemas"
@@ -39,12 +40,14 @@ func resolveSchemaJSON(def *eventlib.KeyDefinition) (json.RawMessage, []string,
 	if len(def.Schema.FieldOverrides) > 0 {
 		var parsed map[string]interface{}
 		if err := json.Unmarshal(base, &parsed); err != nil {
-			return nil, nil, err
+			return nil, nil, errs.NewInternalError(errs.SubtypeUnknown,
+				"parse base schema for field overrides: %s", err).WithCause(err)
 		}
 		orphans := schemas.ApplyFieldOverrides(parsed, def.Schema.FieldOverrides)
 		out, err := json.Marshal(parsed)
 		if err != nil {
-			return nil, nil, err
+			return nil, nil, errs.NewInternalError(errs.SubtypeUnknown,
+				"serialize schema with field overrides: %s", err).WithCause(err)
 		}
 		return out, orphans, nil
 	}
@@ -73,7 +76,7 @@ func renderSpec(s *eventlib.SchemaSpec) (json.RawMessage, error) {
 		copy(buf, s.Raw)
 		return buf, nil
 	}
-	return nil, fmt.Errorf("schemaSpec has neither Type nor Raw")
+	return nil, errs.NewInternalError(errs.SubtypeUnknown, "schemaSpec has neither Type nor Raw")
 }
 
 func NewCmdSchema(f *cmdutil.Factory) *cobra.Command {
@@ -165,7 +168,7 @@ func runSchema(f *cmdutil.Factory, key string, asJSON bool) error {
 
 	resolved, _, err := resolveSchemaJSON(def)
 	if err != nil {
-		return output.Errorf(output.ExitInternal, "internal", "resolve schema: %v", err)
+		return err
 	}
 	if resolved != nil {
 		fmt.Fprintf(out, "\nOutput Schema:\n")

cmd/event/schema_test.go

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
 
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
 	eventlib "github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/event"
@@ -129,3 +130,38 @@ func TestResolveSchemaJSON_CustomWithOverlay(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Errorf("overlay format = %v, want open_id", got)
 	}
 }
+
+func TestRenderSpec_EmptySpecIsTypedInternalError(t *testing.T) {
+	_, err := renderSpec(&eventlib.SchemaSpec{})
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected error for spec with neither Type nor Raw")
+	}
+	p, ok := errs.ProblemOf(err)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("expected typed errs error, got %T: %v", err, err)
+	}
+	if p.Category != errs.CategoryInternal {
+		t.Errorf("category = %s, want %s", p.Category, errs.CategoryInternal)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestResolveSchemaJSON_InvalidBaseWithOverridesIsTypedInternalError(t *testing.T) {
+	def := &eventlib.KeyDefinition{
+		Key: "synthetic.invalid.base",
+		Schema: eventlib.SchemaDef{
+			Custom:         &eventlib.SchemaSpec{Raw: json.RawMessage("{not json")},
+			FieldOverrides: map[string]schemas.FieldMeta{"x": {}},
+		},
+	}
+	_, _, err := resolveSchemaJSON(def)
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected error for unparsable base schema")
+	}
+	p, ok := errs.ProblemOf(err)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("expected typed errs error, got %T: %v", err, err)
+	}
+	if p.Category != errs.CategoryInternal {
+		t.Errorf("category = %s, want %s", p.Category, errs.CategoryInternal)
+	}
+}

cmd/event/suggestions.go

@@ -8,8 +8,8 @@ import (
 	"sort"
 	"strings"
 
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
 	eventlib "github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/event"
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/output"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/suggest"
 )
 
@@ -64,9 +64,6 @@ func unknownEventKeyErr(key string) error {
 	if guesses := suggestEventKeys(key); len(guesses) > 0 {
 		msg += " — did you mean " + formatSuggestions(guesses) + "?"
 	}
-	return output.ErrWithHint(
-		output.ExitValidation, "validation",
-		msg,
-		"Run 'lark-cli event list' to see available keys.",
-	)
+	return errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, "%s", msg).
+		WithHint("Run 'lark-cli event list' to see available keys.")
 }

cmd/root_integration_test.go

@@ -377,9 +377,9 @@ func TestIntegration_Shortcut_BusinessError_OutputsEnvelope(t *testing.T) {
 		OK:       false,
 		Identity: "bot",
 		Error: &output.ErrDetail{
-			Type:    "api_error",
+			Type:    "api",
 			Code:    230002,
-			Message: "HTTP 400: Bot/User can NOT be out of the chat.",
+			Message: "Bot/User can NOT be out of the chat.",
 		},
 	})
 }

cmd/skill/skill.go

@@ -0,0 +1,183 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+// Package skill implements the `lark-cli skills` command group, which serves
+// binary-embedded skill content to AI agents. The package is "skill"; the
+// user-facing verb is "skills".
+package skill
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/output"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/skillcontent"
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+)
+
+func newReader(f *cmdutil.Factory) (*skillcontent.Reader, error) {
+	if f.SkillContent == nil {
+		return nil, errs.NewInternalError(errs.SubtypeFileIO,
+			"skill content not embedded in this build")
+	}
+	return skillcontent.New(f.SkillContent), nil
+}
+
+type readEnvelope struct {
+	Skill    string `json:"skill"`
+	Path     string `json:"path"`
+	Content  string `json:"content"`
+	Guidance string `json:"guidance,omitempty"`
+}
+
+type listEnvelope struct {
+	OK     bool                     `json:"ok"`
+	Skills []skillcontent.SkillInfo `json:"skills"`
+	Count  int                      `json:"count"`
+}
+
+type listPathEnvelope struct {
+	OK      bool                    `json:"ok"`
+	Path    string                  `json:"path"`
+	Entries []skillcontent.DirEntry `json:"entries"`
+	Count   int                     `json:"count"`
+}
+
+func NewCmdSkill(f *cmdutil.Factory) *cobra.Command {
+	cmd := &cobra.Command{
+		Use:   "skills",
+		Short: "Read embedded skill content (list / read)",
+		Long: "Read agent-readable skill content (SKILL.md and reference files) embedded in " +
+			"the CLI binary at build time, so it stays in sync with the CLI version. " +
+			"Machine resources such as assets/ and scripts/ are not embedded.",
+	}
+	// Risk is set on each leaf (GetRisk does not walk parents); the group has none.
+	cmdutil.DisableAuthCheck(cmd)
+	cmd.AddCommand(newListCmd(f), newReadCmd(f))
+	return cmd
+}
+
+func newListCmd(f *cmdutil.Factory) *cobra.Command {
+	cmd := &cobra.Command{
+		Use:   "list [name[/path]]",
+		Short: "List skills, or list one layer under a skill path (like ls)",
+		Example: `  lark-cli skills list                      # all skills: name, description, version
+  lark-cli skills list lark-doc             # one layer under a skill (like ls)
+  lark-cli skills list lark-doc/references  # one layer under a subdirectory`,
+		Args: cobra.ArbitraryArgs,
+		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+			if len(args) > 1 {
+				return errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument,
+					"list takes at most 1 argument: [name[/path]]").
+					WithHint("run 'lark-cli skills list --help'")
+			}
+			r, err := newReader(f)
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			if len(args) == 0 {
+				skills, err := r.List()
+				if err != nil {
+					return err
+				}
+				output.PrintJson(f.IOStreams.Out, listEnvelope{OK: true, Skills: skills, Count: len(skills)})
+				return nil
+			}
+			entries, listed, err := r.ListPath(args[0])
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			output.PrintJson(f.IOStreams.Out, listPathEnvelope{OK: true, Path: listed, Entries: entries, Count: len(entries)})
+			return nil
+		},
+	}
+	// --json is a no-op (list is always JSON), accepted only to stay symmetric with read.
+	cmd.Flags().Bool("json", false, "no-op (list output is always JSON)")
+	cmdutil.SetRisk(cmd, "read")
+	cmdutil.DisableAuthCheck(cmd)
+	return cmd
+}
+
+func newReadCmd(f *cmdutil.Factory) *cobra.Command {
+	var asJSON bool
+	cmd := &cobra.Command{
+		Use:   "read <name>[/<path>] [path]",
+		Short: "Print a skill's SKILL.md, or a file under the skill (raw markdown by default)",
+		Example: `  lark-cli skills read lark-doc                             # the skill's SKILL.md
+  lark-cli skills read lark-doc references/lark-doc-fetch.md  # a file under the skill
+  lark-cli skills read lark-doc/references/lark-doc-fetch.md  # same, slash form
+  lark-cli skills read lark-doc --json                      # JSON envelope`,
+		Args: cobra.ArbitraryArgs,
+		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+			name, relpath, err := parseReadTarget(args)
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			r, err := newReader(f)
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+
+			var content []byte
+			var pathOut string
+			if relpath == "" {
+				content, err = r.ReadSkill(name)
+				pathOut = "SKILL.md"
+			} else {
+				content, pathOut, err = r.ReadReference(name, relpath)
+			}
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+
+			isMain := pathOut == "SKILL.md"
+			if asJSON {
+				env := readEnvelope{Skill: name, Path: pathOut, Content: string(content)}
+				if isMain {
+					env.Guidance = readGuidance(name)
+				}
+				output.PrintJson(f.IOStreams.Out, env)
+				return nil
+			}
+			// Raw stdout stays byte-identical to the file; guidance goes to stderr.
+			if _, err := f.IOStreams.Out.Write(content); err != nil {
+				return errs.NewInternalError(errs.SubtypeFileIO, "failed to write output: %v", err)
+			}
+			if isMain {
+				fmt.Fprintln(f.IOStreams.ErrOut, readGuidance(name))
+			}
+			return nil
+		},
+	}
+	cmd.Flags().BoolVar(&asJSON, "json", false, "output as a JSON envelope instead of raw markdown")
+	cmdutil.SetRisk(cmd, "read")
+	cmdutil.DisableAuthCheck(cmd)
+	return cmd
+}
+
+// parseReadTarget maps 1-or-2 positional args to (name, relpath); a lone
+// "<a>/<b>" splits on the first '/', and relpath "" reads the main SKILL.md.
+func parseReadTarget(args []string) (name, relpath string, err error) {
+	switch len(args) {
+	case 1:
+		name, relpath = skillcontent.SplitArg(args[0])
+		return name, relpath, nil
+	case 2:
+		return args[0], args[1], nil
+	default:
+		return "", "", errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument,
+			"read requires 1 or 2 arguments: <name>[/<path>] [path]").
+			WithHint("run 'lark-cli skills read --help'")
+	}
+}
+
+// readGuidance routes cross-skill "../lark-foo/..." references back through
+// `skills read lark-foo/...`: the path guard rejects a literal "../", so the
+// relative form must be rewritten.
+func readGuidance(name string) string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf("> Tip: read this skill's own files (e.g. `references/...`) with "+
+		"`lark-cli skills read %s <relative-path>` to keep them in sync with this CLI version. "+
+		"A reference to another skill (`../lark-foo/...`) uses the same command with the "+
+		"leading `../` removed: `lark-cli skills read lark-foo/...`.", name)
+}

cmd/skill/skill_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,306 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package skill
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"io"
+	"io/fs"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+	"testing/fstest"
+
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
+)
+
+// calFS is the default single-skill content tree for these tests. The embedded
+// FS is now injected through the Factory (no package global), so tests pass it
+// explicitly to run() — nothing is shared, so they are safe under -parallel.
+func calFS() fstest.MapFS {
+	return fstest.MapFS{
+		"lark-calendar/SKILL.md":             {Data: []byte("---\nname: lark-calendar\nversion: 1.0.0\ndescription: \"Cal\"\nmetadata:\n  cliHelp: \"lark-cli calendar --help\"\n---\nbody")},
+		"lark-calendar/references/agenda.md": {Data: []byte("# Agenda")},
+	}
+}
+
+// run executes the skills command tree against the given content FS (may be nil
+// to exercise the not-embedded path) and returns stdout/stderr/err.
+func run(t *testing.T, fsys fs.FS, args ...string) (stdout, stderr string, err error) {
+	t.Helper()
+	// Isolate CLI config state so tests never read/write the real config dir
+	// (repo convention).
+	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", t.TempDir())
+	f, out, errOut, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, nil)
+	f.SkillContent = fsys
+	cmd := NewCmdSkill(f)
+	cmd.SetOut(io.Discard)
+	cmd.SetErr(io.Discard)
+	cmd.SetArgs(args)
+	err = cmd.Execute()
+	return out.String(), errOut.String(), err
+}
+
+func TestSkillList(t *testing.T) {
+	stdout, _, err := run(t, calFS(), "list")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("list error: %v", err)
+	}
+	var got struct {
+		OK     bool             `json:"ok"`
+		Skills []map[string]any `json:"skills"`
+		Count  int              `json:"count"`
+	}
+	if e := json.Unmarshal([]byte(stdout), &got); e != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("invalid JSON: %v\n%s", e, stdout)
+	}
+	// "ok" is an explicit success marker (the list envelope is a typed struct;
+	// no automatic _notice attaches).
+	if !got.OK {
+		t.Error("expected ok=true in list envelope")
+	}
+	if got.Count != 1 || len(got.Skills) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("count: got %d", got.Count)
+	}
+	if got.Skills[0]["name"] != "lark-calendar" {
+		t.Errorf("name: got %v", got.Skills[0]["name"])
+	}
+	// Top-level list carries version + metadata, not a references list.
+	if _, ok := got.Skills[0]["references"]; ok {
+		t.Error("top-level list must not include references")
+	}
+	if got.Skills[0]["version"] != "1.0.0" {
+		t.Errorf("version: got %v, want 1.0.0", got.Skills[0]["version"])
+	}
+	if _, ok := got.Skills[0]["metadata"]; !ok {
+		t.Error("expected metadata in list entry")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSkillListJSONFlagAccepted(t *testing.T) {
+	// `list --json` must be accepted (no-op), not rejected as an unknown flag,
+	// so it stays symmetric with read --json.
+	stdout, _, err := run(t, calFS(), "list", "--json")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("list --json error: %v", err)
+	}
+	var got struct {
+		OK    bool `json:"ok"`
+		Count int  `json:"count"`
+	}
+	if e := json.Unmarshal([]byte(stdout), &got); e != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("invalid JSON: %v\n%s", e, stdout)
+	}
+	if !got.OK || got.Count != 1 {
+		t.Errorf("envelope: %+v", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSkillListPath(t *testing.T) {
+	stdout, _, err := run(t, calFS(), "list", "lark-calendar")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("list <name> error: %v", err)
+	}
+	var got struct {
+		OK      bool   `json:"ok"`
+		Path    string `json:"path"`
+		Entries []struct {
+			Path  string `json:"path"`
+			IsDir bool   `json:"is_dir"`
+		} `json:"entries"`
+		Count int `json:"count"`
+	}
+	if e := json.Unmarshal([]byte(stdout), &got); e != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("invalid JSON: %v\n%s", e, stdout)
+	}
+	if !got.OK || got.Path != "lark-calendar" {
+		t.Errorf("envelope: %+v", got)
+	}
+	// One layer under the skill root: SKILL.md (file) + references (dir).
+	if got.Count != 2 || len(got.Entries) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("entries: got %+v", got.Entries)
+	}
+	if got.Entries[0].Path != "lark-calendar/SKILL.md" || got.Entries[0].IsDir {
+		t.Errorf("entry[0]: got %+v", got.Entries[0])
+	}
+	if got.Entries[1].Path != "lark-calendar/references" || !got.Entries[1].IsDir {
+		t.Errorf("entry[1]: got %+v", got.Entries[1])
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSkillListPathUnknown(t *testing.T) {
+	_, _, err := run(t, calFS(), "list", "no-such-skill")
+	if err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "unknown skill") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 'unknown skill' error, got %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSkillListPathTraversal(t *testing.T) {
+	stdout, _, err := run(t, calFS(), "list", "lark-calendar/../../etc")
+	if err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "invalid path") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 'invalid path' error, got %v", err)
+	}
+	if stdout != "" {
+		t.Errorf("stdout must be empty on rejection, got %q", stdout)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSkillListTooManyArgs(t *testing.T) {
+	_, _, err := run(t, calFS(), "list", "a", "b")
+	if err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "at most 1 argument") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 'at most 1 argument' error, got %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestSkillListSkipsDirWithoutSKILLmd proves a top-level dir lacking SKILL.md is
+// omitted from the catalog (no blank entry).
+func TestSkillListSkipsDirWithoutSKILLmd(t *testing.T) {
+	fsys := fstest.MapFS{
+		"lark-calendar/SKILL.md": {Data: []byte("---\nname: lark-calendar\ndescription: \"Cal\"\n---\nb")},
+		"not-a-skill/readme.txt": {Data: []byte("junk")}, // dir without SKILL.md
+	}
+	stdout, _, err := run(t, fsys, "list")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("list error: %v", err)
+	}
+	var got struct {
+		Skills []map[string]any `json:"skills"`
+		Count  int              `json:"count"`
+	}
+	if e := json.Unmarshal([]byte(stdout), &got); e != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("invalid JSON: %v\n%s", e, stdout)
+	}
+	if got.Count != 1 || got.Skills[0]["name"] != "lark-calendar" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected only lark-calendar, got %+v", got.Skills)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSkillReadRaw(t *testing.T) {
+	stdout, stderr, err := run(t, calFS(), "read", "lark-calendar")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("read error: %v", err)
+	}
+	if !strings.HasPrefix(stdout, "---\nname: lark-calendar") {
+		t.Errorf("raw output: got %q", stdout)
+	}
+	// Raw stdout is byte-pure SKILL.md — the guidance tip must NOT be appended.
+	if strings.Contains(stdout, "Tip:") {
+		t.Errorf("raw stdout must not carry the guidance tip: got %q", stdout)
+	}
+	// Guidance goes to stderr: own files via `skills read <name> ...`, and
+	// cross-skill refs routed to `skills read <other-skill> ...` (version-
+	// consistent), not "read directly".
+	if !strings.Contains(stderr, "lark-cli skills read lark-calendar <relative-path>") {
+		t.Errorf("expected own-files guidance on stderr: got %q", stderr)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(stderr, "lark-cli skills read lark-foo/...") {
+		t.Errorf("expected cross-skill refs routed to skills read: got %q", stderr)
+	}
+	if strings.Contains(stderr, "instead of opening them directly") ||
+		strings.Contains(stderr, "read those directly") {
+		t.Errorf("guidance must not steer cross-skill refs to direct reads: got %q", stderr)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSkillReadJSON(t *testing.T) {
+	stdout, _, err := run(t, calFS(), "read", "lark-calendar", "--json")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("read --json error: %v", err)
+	}
+	var got struct {
+		Skill, Path, Content, Guidance string
+	}
+	if e := json.Unmarshal([]byte(stdout), &got); e != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("invalid JSON: %v", e)
+	}
+	if got.Skill != "lark-calendar" || got.Path != "SKILL.md" || got.Content == "" {
+		t.Errorf("envelope: %+v", got)
+	}
+	// Guidance is a separate field, not merged into content.
+	if got.Guidance == "" {
+		t.Error("expected guidance field for main SKILL.md")
+	}
+	if strings.Contains(got.Content, "Tip:") {
+		t.Error("guidance must not be merged into content")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSkillReadFile(t *testing.T) {
+	// Both the 2-arg and slash forms read the same file, with no guidance tip.
+	for _, args := range [][]string{
+		{"read", "lark-calendar", "references/agenda.md"},
+		{"read", "lark-calendar/references/agenda.md"},
+	} {
+		stdout, stderr, err := run(t, calFS(), args...)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("read %v error: %v", args, err)
+		}
+		if stdout != "# Agenda" {
+			t.Errorf("read %v output: got %q", args, stdout)
+		}
+		// Reference reads carry no guidance on either stream.
+		if strings.Contains(stderr, "Tip:") {
+			t.Errorf("read %v must not emit guidance on stderr: got %q", args, stderr)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSkillReadFileJSON(t *testing.T) {
+	stdout, _, err := run(t, calFS(), "read", "lark-calendar", "references/agenda.md", "--json")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("read file --json error: %v", err)
+	}
+	var got struct {
+		Skill, Path, Content, Guidance string
+	}
+	if e := json.Unmarshal([]byte(stdout), &got); e != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("invalid JSON: %v\n%s", e, stdout)
+	}
+	if got.Skill != "lark-calendar" || got.Path != "references/agenda.md" || got.Content != "# Agenda" {
+		t.Errorf("envelope: %+v", got)
+	}
+	// Reference reads do not carry the guidance tip.
+	if got.Guidance != "" {
+		t.Errorf("reference read must not include guidance, got %q", got.Guidance)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSkillReadUnknown(t *testing.T) {
+	_, _, err := run(t, calFS(), "read", "no-such")
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected error")
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "unknown skill") {
+		t.Errorf("err: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSkillReadMissingArg(t *testing.T) {
+	_, _, err := run(t, calFS(), "read")
+	if err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "requires 1 or 2 arguments") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected arg error, got %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSkillReadTraversal(t *testing.T) {
+	stdout, _, err := run(t, calFS(), "read", "lark-calendar", "../../etc/passwd")
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected rejection")
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "invalid path") {
+		t.Errorf("err: %v", err)
+	}
+	if stdout != "" {
+		t.Errorf("stdout must be empty on rejection, got %q", stdout)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSkillNilContentFS(t *testing.T) {
+	_, _, err := run(t, nil, "list")
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected error when SkillContent is nil")
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "not embedded") {
+		t.Errorf("err: %v", err)
+	}
+}

cmd/update/update_test.go

@@ -49,12 +49,21 @@ func mockDetectAndNpm(t *testing.T, result selfupdate.DetectResult, npmFn func(s
 		u.DetectOverride = func() selfupdate.DetectResult { return result }
 		u.NpmInstallOverride = npmFn
 		u.VerifyOverride = func(string) error { return nil }
+		u.SkillsIndexFetchOverride = successfulSkillsIndexFetch()
 		u.SkillsCommandOverride = successfulSkillsCommand()
 		return u
 	}
 	t.Cleanup(func() { newUpdater = origNew })
 }
 
+func successfulSkillsIndexFetch() func() *selfupdate.NpmResult {
+	return func() *selfupdate.NpmResult {
+		r := &selfupdate.NpmResult{}
+		r.Stdout.WriteString(`{"skills":[{"name":"lark-calendar"},{"name":"lark-mail"}]}`)
+		return r
+	}
+}
+
 func successfulSkillsCommand() func(args ...string) *selfupdate.NpmResult {
 	return func(args ...string) *selfupdate.NpmResult {
 		r := &selfupdate.NpmResult{}
@@ -478,6 +487,10 @@ func TestUpdateNpmVerifyFail_JSON_NoRestoreHintWhenBackupUnavailable(t *testing.
 		u.NpmInstallOverride = func(version string) *selfupdate.NpmResult { return &selfupdate.NpmResult{} }
 		u.VerifyOverride = func(string) error { return errors.New("bad binary") }
 		u.RestoreAvailableOverride = func() bool { return false }
+		u.SkillsIndexFetchOverride = func() *selfupdate.NpmResult {
+			t.Fatal("skills sync should not run when binary verification fails")
+			return nil
+		}
 		u.SkillsCommandOverride = func(args ...string) *selfupdate.NpmResult {
 			t.Fatal("skills sync should not run when binary verification fails")
 			return nil
@@ -810,6 +823,11 @@ func TestUpdateNpm_SkillsFail_JSON(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 		u.NpmInstallOverride = func(version string) *selfupdate.NpmResult { return &selfupdate.NpmResult{} }
 		u.VerifyOverride = func(string) error { return nil }
+		u.SkillsIndexFetchOverride = func() *selfupdate.NpmResult {
+			r := &selfupdate.NpmResult{}
+			r.Err = fmt.Errorf("index unavailable")
+			return r
+		}
 		u.SkillsCommandOverride = func(args ...string) *selfupdate.NpmResult {
 			r := &selfupdate.NpmResult{}
 			r.Stderr.WriteString("npx: command not found")
@@ -862,6 +880,11 @@ func TestUpdateNpm_SkillsFail_Human(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 		u.NpmInstallOverride = func(version string) *selfupdate.NpmResult { return &selfupdate.NpmResult{} }
 		u.VerifyOverride = func(string) error { return nil }
+		u.SkillsIndexFetchOverride = func() *selfupdate.NpmResult {
+			r := &selfupdate.NpmResult{}
+			r.Err = fmt.Errorf("index unavailable")
+			return r
+		}
 		u.SkillsCommandOverride = func(args ...string) *selfupdate.NpmResult {
 			r := &selfupdate.NpmResult{}
 			r.Stderr.WriteString("npx: command not found")
@@ -1006,6 +1029,7 @@ func TestUpdateRun_AlreadyLatest_RunsSkillsSync(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Cleanup(func() { newUpdater = origNew })
 	newUpdater = func() *selfupdate.Updater {
 		return &selfupdate.Updater{
+			SkillsIndexFetchOverride: successfulSkillsIndexFetch(),
 			SkillsCommandOverride: func(args ...string) *selfupdate.NpmResult {
 				skillsCalled = true
 				return successfulSkillsCommand()(args...)
@@ -1044,6 +1068,7 @@ func TestUpdateRun_Manual_RunsSkillsSync(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Cleanup(func() { newUpdater = origNew })
 	newUpdater = func() *selfupdate.Updater {
 		return &selfupdate.Updater{
+			SkillsIndexFetchOverride: successfulSkillsIndexFetch(),
 			DetectOverride: func() selfupdate.DetectResult {
 				return selfupdate.DetectResult{
 					Method:       selfupdate.InstallManual,
@@ -1088,6 +1113,7 @@ func TestUpdateRun_Npm_RunsSkillsSync_WritesLatestState(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Cleanup(func() { newUpdater = origNew })
 	newUpdater = func() *selfupdate.Updater {
 		return &selfupdate.Updater{
+			SkillsIndexFetchOverride: successfulSkillsIndexFetch(),
 			DetectOverride: func() selfupdate.DetectResult {
 				return selfupdate.DetectResult{
 					Method: selfupdate.InstallNpm, NpmAvailable: true,
@@ -1147,6 +1173,10 @@ func TestUpdateRun_CheckIncludesSkillsStatus(t *testing.T) {
 			DetectOverride: func() selfupdate.DetectResult {
 				return selfupdate.DetectResult{Method: selfupdate.InstallNpm, NpmAvailable: true}
 			},
+			SkillsIndexFetchOverride: func() *selfupdate.NpmResult {
+				skillsCalled = true
+				return successfulSkillsIndexFetch()()
+			},
 			SkillsCommandOverride: func(args ...string) *selfupdate.NpmResult {
 				skillsCalled = true
 				return successfulSkillsCommand()(args...)
@@ -1196,6 +1226,10 @@ func TestUpdateRun_CheckAlreadyLatest_NoSideEffect(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Cleanup(func() { newUpdater = origNew })
 	newUpdater = func() *selfupdate.Updater {
 		return &selfupdate.Updater{
+			SkillsIndexFetchOverride: func() *selfupdate.NpmResult {
+				skillsCalled = true
+				return successfulSkillsIndexFetch()()
+			},
 			SkillsCommandOverride: func(args ...string) *selfupdate.NpmResult {
 				skillsCalled = true
 				return successfulSkillsCommand()(args...)

events/minutes/preconsume.go

@@ -5,9 +5,9 @@ package minutes
 
 import (
 	"context"
-	"fmt"
 	"time"
 
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/event"
 )
 
@@ -16,7 +16,8 @@ const cleanupTimeout = 5 * time.Second
 func subscriptionPreConsume(eventType, subscribePath, unsubscribePath string) func(context.Context, event.APIClient, map[string]string) (func(), error) {
 	return func(ctx context.Context, rt event.APIClient, _ map[string]string) (func(), error) {
 		if rt == nil {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("runtime API client is required for pre-consume subscription")
+			return nil, errs.NewInternalError(errs.SubtypeUnknown,
+				"runtime API client is required for pre-consume subscription")
 		}
 
 		body := map[string]string{"event_type": eventType}

events/register.go

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/events/im"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/events/minutes"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/events/vc"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/events/whiteboard"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/event"
 )
 
@@ -17,6 +18,7 @@ func init() {
 		im.Keys(),
 		minutes.Keys(),
 		vc.Keys(),
+		whiteboard.Keys(),
 	}
 	for _, keys := range all {
 		for _, k := range keys {

events/vc/note_detail_retry_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package vc
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
+)
+
+// isLarkCode must match the API code on typed errs.* errors — the consume
+// runtime classifies OAPI failures via errclass.BuildAPIError, so the
+// not-found retry in fillVCNoteGeneratedDetails depends on this reading
+// Problem.Code rather than the legacy envelope shape.
+func TestIsLarkCode_MatchesTypedAPIErrorCode(t *testing.T) {
+	typedNotFound := errs.NewAPIError(errs.SubtypeNotFound, "note not ready").
+		WithCode(vcNoteDetailNotFoundCode)
+	if !isLarkCode(typedNotFound, vcNoteDetailNotFoundCode) {
+		t.Fatal("typed API error carrying the not-found code must match (retry path)")
+	}
+	if isLarkCode(typedNotFound, 99999) {
+		t.Error("a different expected code must not match")
+	}
+
+	otherTyped := errs.NewAPIError(errs.SubtypeServerError, "boom").WithCode(500)
+	if isLarkCode(otherTyped, vcNoteDetailNotFoundCode) {
+		t.Error("typed error with another code must not match")
+	}
+
+	if isLarkCode(errors.New("plain failure"), vcNoteDetailNotFoundCode) {
+		t.Error("untyped error must not match")
+	}
+}

events/vc/note_generated.go

@@ -6,12 +6,11 @@ package vc
 import (
 	"context"
 	"encoding/json"
-	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"time"
 
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/event"
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/output"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/validate"
 )
 
@@ -148,9 +147,8 @@ func fillVCNoteGeneratedDetails(ctx context.Context, rt event.APIClient, out *VC
 }
 
 func isLarkCode(err error, code int) bool {
-	var exitErr *output.ExitError
-	if errors.As(err, &exitErr) && exitErr.Detail != nil {
-		return exitErr.Detail.Code == code
+	if p, ok := errs.ProblemOf(err); ok {
+		return p.Code == code
 	}
 	return false
 }

events/vc/preconsume.go

@@ -5,9 +5,9 @@ package vc
 
 import (
 	"context"
-	"fmt"
 	"time"
 
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/event"
 )
 
@@ -16,7 +16,8 @@ const cleanupTimeout = 5 * time.Second
 func subscriptionPreConsume(eventType, subscribePath, unsubscribePath string) func(context.Context, event.APIClient, map[string]string) (func(), error) {
 	return func(ctx context.Context, rt event.APIClient, _ map[string]string) (func(), error) {
 		if rt == nil {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("runtime API client is required for pre-consume subscription")
+			return nil, errs.NewInternalError(errs.SubtypeUnknown,
+				"runtime API client is required for pre-consume subscription")
 		}
 
 		body := map[string]string{"event_type": eventType}

events/whiteboard/native.go

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package whiteboard
+
+// BoardWhiteboardUpdatedV1Data is the flattened whiteboard updated source payload.
+type BoardWhiteboardUpdatedV1Data struct {
+	// WhiteboardID is the id of the whiteboard whose content was updated.
+	WhiteboardID string `json:"whiteboard_id"`
+	// OperatorIDs lists the operators that produced this update batch.
+	OperatorIDs []OperatorID `json:"operator_ids"`
+}
+
+// OperatorID identifies an operator that produced the whiteboard update,
+// expressed in the three Lark identity formats.
+type OperatorID struct {
+	// OpenID is the operator's open_id within the current app.
+	OpenID string `json:"open_id"`
+	// UnionID is the operator's union_id across apps under the same ISV.
+	UnionID string `json:"union_id"`
+	// UserID is the operator's user_id within the tenant.
+	UserID string `json:"user_id"`
+}

events/whiteboard/preconsume.go

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package whiteboard
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/event"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/validate"
+)
+
+// cleanupTimeout bounds how long the unsubscribe call has to finish during
+// PreConsume cleanup so a stuck OAPI cannot block process shutdown.
+const cleanupTimeout = 5 * time.Second
+
+// whiteboardSubscriptionPreConsume calls the whiteboard event subscribe OAPI
+// and returns a cleanup that invokes the matching unsubscribe.
+//
+// board.whiteboard.updated_v1 is subscribed per-whiteboard (by whiteboard_id),
+// so the path contains a :whiteboard_id placeholder that must be supplied via params.
+func whiteboardSubscriptionPreConsume(eventType string) func(context.Context, event.APIClient, map[string]string) (func(), error) {
+	return func(ctx context.Context, rt event.APIClient, params map[string]string) (func(), error) {
+		if rt == nil {
+			return nil, errs.NewInternalError(errs.SubtypeUnknown,
+				"runtime API client is required for pre-consume subscription")
+		}
+		whiteboardID := params["whiteboard_id"]
+		if whiteboardID == "" {
+			return nil, errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument,
+				"param whiteboard_id is required for %s", eventType).
+				WithParam("--param").
+				WithHint("pass it as --param whiteboard_id=<id>; run `lark-cli event schema %s` for details", eventType)
+		}
+		encoded := validate.EncodePathSegment(whiteboardID)
+		subscribePath := fmt.Sprintf("/open-apis/board/v1/whiteboards/%s/subscribe", encoded)
+		unsubscribePath := fmt.Sprintf("/open-apis/board/v1/whiteboards/%s/unsubscribe", encoded)
+
+		body := map[string]string{"event_type": eventType}
+		if _, err := rt.CallAPI(ctx, "POST", subscribePath, body); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+
+		return func() {
+			cleanupCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), cleanupTimeout)
+			defer cancel()
+			_, _ = rt.CallAPI(cleanupCtx, "POST", unsubscribePath, body)
+		}, nil
+	}
+}

events/whiteboard/preconsume_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,212 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package whiteboard
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/event"
+)
+
+// recordedCall captures a single APIClient invocation for assertion.
+type recordedCall struct {
+	method string
+	path   string
+	body   interface{}
+}
+
+// fakeAPIClient is a minimal event.APIClient stub that records calls and
+// can be configured to fail when the request path matches errOnPath.
+type fakeAPIClient struct {
+	mu        sync.Mutex
+	calls     []recordedCall
+	errOnPath string
+}
+
+// CallAPI records the invocation and optionally returns a simulated error
+// when the path contains the configured errOnPath substring.
+func (f *fakeAPIClient) CallAPI(_ context.Context, method, path string, body interface{}) (json.RawMessage, error) {
+	f.mu.Lock()
+	defer f.mu.Unlock()
+	f.calls = append(f.calls, recordedCall{method: method, path: path, body: body})
+	if f.errOnPath != "" && strings.Contains(path, f.errOnPath) {
+		return nil, errors.New("simulated subscribe failure")
+	}
+	return json.RawMessage(`{}`), nil
+}
+
+// TestWhiteboardSubscriptionPreConsume_MissingWhiteboardID verifies that the
+// PreConsume hook fails fast with an actionable error when whiteboard_id
+// is absent from the params map.
+func TestWhiteboardSubscriptionPreConsume_MissingWhiteboardID(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", t.TempDir())
+
+	pc := whiteboardSubscriptionPreConsume(eventTypeWhiteboardUpdated)
+	cleanup, err := pc(context.Background(), &fakeAPIClient{}, map[string]string{})
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatalf("expected error when whiteboard_id missing")
+	}
+	if cleanup != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("expected nil cleanup on error")
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "whiteboard_id") {
+		t.Fatalf("error should mention whiteboard_id, got: %v", err)
+	}
+	var ve *errs.ValidationError
+	if !errors.As(err, &ve) {
+		t.Fatalf("expected *errs.ValidationError, got %T: %v", err, err)
+	}
+	if ve.Subtype != errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument || ve.Param != "--param" {
+		t.Errorf("subtype/param = %s/%q, want %s/%q", ve.Subtype, ve.Param, errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, "--param")
+	}
+	if ve.Hint == "" {
+		t.Error("missing whiteboard_id should carry a hint")
+	}
+}
+
+// TestWhiteboardSubscriptionPreConsume_NilRuntime verifies that PreConsume
+// returns an error when the runtime APIClient dependency is missing.
+func TestWhiteboardSubscriptionPreConsume_NilRuntime(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", t.TempDir())
+
+	pc := whiteboardSubscriptionPreConsume(eventTypeWhiteboardUpdated)
+	_, err := pc(context.Background(), nil, map[string]string{"whiteboard_id": "wb1"})
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatalf("expected error when runtime client is nil")
+	}
+	if p, ok := errs.ProblemOf(err); !ok || p.Category != errs.CategoryInternal {
+		t.Errorf("nil-runtime invariant should be a typed internal error, got %T: %v", err, err)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestWhiteboardSubscriptionPreConsume_SubscribeError verifies that a
+// failed subscribe call surfaces the error and skips registering a cleanup,
+// so no spurious unsubscribe is invoked.
+func TestWhiteboardSubscriptionPreConsume_SubscribeError(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", t.TempDir())
+
+	pc := whiteboardSubscriptionPreConsume(eventTypeWhiteboardUpdated)
+	rt := &fakeAPIClient{errOnPath: "/subscribe"}
+	cleanup, err := pc(context.Background(), rt, map[string]string{"whiteboard_id": "wb1"})
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatalf("expected error from subscribe call")
+	}
+	if cleanup != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("expected nil cleanup when subscribe fails")
+	}
+	// only the failed subscribe call should have been made; no unsubscribe.
+	if len(rt.calls) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected exactly 1 call (subscribe), got %d", len(rt.calls))
+	}
+}
+
+// TestWhiteboardSubscriptionPreConsume_SubscribeAndCleanup verifies the full
+// happy-path: subscribe is called once with the correct method/path/body,
+// and the returned cleanup invokes the matching unsubscribe.
+func TestWhiteboardSubscriptionPreConsume_SubscribeAndCleanup(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", t.TempDir())
+
+	pc := whiteboardSubscriptionPreConsume(eventTypeWhiteboardUpdated)
+	rt := &fakeAPIClient{}
+	cleanup, err := pc(context.Background(), rt, map[string]string{"whiteboard_id": "wb1"})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+	}
+	if cleanup == nil {
+		t.Fatalf("expected non-nil cleanup")
+	}
+
+	if len(rt.calls) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 1 call after subscribe, got %d", len(rt.calls))
+	}
+	got := rt.calls[0]
+	if got.method != "POST" {
+		t.Errorf("subscribe method: got %q, want POST", got.method)
+	}
+	wantSubPath := "/open-apis/board/v1/whiteboards/wb1/subscribe"
+	if got.path != wantSubPath {
+		t.Errorf("subscribe path: got %q, want %q", got.path, wantSubPath)
+	}
+	body, _ := got.body.(map[string]string)
+	if body["event_type"] != eventTypeWhiteboardUpdated {
+		t.Errorf("subscribe body event_type: got %q, want %q", body["event_type"], eventTypeWhiteboardUpdated)
+	}
+
+	cleanup()
+	if len(rt.calls) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 2 calls after cleanup, got %d", len(rt.calls))
+	}
+	got2 := rt.calls[1]
+	if got2.method != "POST" {
+		t.Errorf("unsubscribe method: got %q, want POST", got2.method)
+	}
+	wantUnsubPath := "/open-apis/board/v1/whiteboards/wb1/unsubscribe"
+	if got2.path != wantUnsubPath {
+		t.Errorf("unsubscribe path: got %q, want %q", got2.path, wantUnsubPath)
+	}
+	body2, _ := got2.body.(map[string]string)
+	if body2["event_type"] != eventTypeWhiteboardUpdated {
+		t.Errorf("unsubscribe body event_type: got %q, want %q", body2["event_type"], eventTypeWhiteboardUpdated)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestWhiteboardSubscriptionPreConsume_PathSegmentEncoded verifies that
+// whiteboard_id values containing reserved URL characters are properly
+// path-segment encoded so they cannot escape into adjacent path segments.
+func TestWhiteboardSubscriptionPreConsume_PathSegmentEncoded(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", t.TempDir())
+
+	pc := whiteboardSubscriptionPreConsume(eventTypeWhiteboardUpdated)
+	rt := &fakeAPIClient{}
+	// 含特殊字符的 whiteboard_id 应被 path-segment 编码，避免越界到其他 path 段。
+	_, err := pc(context.Background(), rt, map[string]string{"whiteboard_id": "wb/1?evil"})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+	}
+	if len(rt.calls) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 1 call, got %d", len(rt.calls))
+	}
+	if strings.Contains(rt.calls[0].path, "wb/1?evil") {
+		t.Errorf("whiteboard_id was not encoded; path: %s", rt.calls[0].path)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestWhiteboardUpdatedV1HasPreConsume ensures the registered EventKey for
+// board.whiteboard.updated_v1 wires the PreConsume hook and declares the
+// required whiteboard_id parameter.
+func TestWhiteboardUpdatedV1HasPreConsume(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", t.TempDir())
+
+	keys := Keys()
+	for _, k := range keys {
+		if k.Key == eventTypeWhiteboardUpdated {
+			if k.PreConsume == nil {
+				t.Fatalf("EventKey %s should have PreConsume hook", eventTypeWhiteboardUpdated)
+			}
+			if len(k.Params) == 0 {
+				t.Fatalf("EventKey %s should declare whiteboard_id param", eventTypeWhiteboardUpdated)
+			}
+			var found bool
+			for _, p := range k.Params {
+				if p.Name == "whiteboard_id" && p.Required {
+					found = true
+				}
+			}
+			if !found {
+				t.Fatalf("EventKey %s must declare required whiteboard_id param", eventTypeWhiteboardUpdated)
+			}
+			return
+		}
+	}
+	t.Fatalf("EventKey %s not registered", eventTypeWhiteboardUpdated)
+}
+
+// 确保 event.APIClient 接口与本测试 mock 一致。
+var _ event.APIClient = (*fakeAPIClient)(nil)

events/whiteboard/register.go

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+// Package whiteboard registers Board-domain EventKeys.
+package whiteboard
+
+import (
+	"reflect"
+
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/event"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/event/schemas"
+)
+
+// eventTypeWhiteboardUpdated is the OAPI event type for whiteboard content updates.
+const eventTypeWhiteboardUpdated = "board.whiteboard.updated_v1"
+
+// Keys returns all Board-domain EventKey definitions.
+func Keys() []event.KeyDefinition {
+	return []event.KeyDefinition{
+		{
+			Key:         eventTypeWhiteboardUpdated,
+			DisplayName: "Whiteboard updated",
+			Description: "Pushed when the whiteboard content is updated.",
+			EventType:   eventTypeWhiteboardUpdated,
+			Params: []event.ParamDef{
+				{
+					Name:        "whiteboard_id",
+					Type:        event.ParamString,
+					Required:    true,
+					Description: "Whiteboard id to subscribe; subscription is per-whiteboard.",
+				},
+			},
+			Schema: event.SchemaDef{
+				Native: &event.SchemaSpec{Type: reflect.TypeOf(BoardWhiteboardUpdatedV1Data{})},
+				FieldOverrides: map[string]schemas.FieldMeta{
+					"/event/whiteboard_id":           {Kind: "whiteboard_id", Description: "whiteboard id to subscribe"},
+					"/event/operator_ids/*/open_id":  {Kind: "open_id"},
+					"/event/operator_ids/*/union_id": {Kind: "union_id"},
+					"/event/operator_ids/*/user_id":  {Kind: "user_id"},
+				},
+			},
+			PreConsume:            whiteboardSubscriptionPreConsume(eventTypeWhiteboardUpdated),
+			Scopes:                []string{"board:whiteboard:node:read"},
+			AuthTypes:             []string{"user", "bot"},
+			RequiredConsoleEvents: []string{eventTypeWhiteboardUpdated},
+		},
+	}
+}

internal/cmdutil/factory.go

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ package cmdutil
 import (
 	"context"
 	"io"
+	"io/fs"
 	"net/http"
 	"strings"
 
@@ -43,6 +44,8 @@ type Factory struct {
 	Credential *credential.CredentialProvider
 
 	FileIOProvider fileio.Provider // file transfer provider (default: local filesystem)
+
+	SkillContent fs.FS // embedded skill tree (rooted at the skill list); nil when the build embeds no skills
 }
 
 // ResolveFileIO resolves a FileIO instance using the current execution context.

internal/errclass/codemeta_minutes.go

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package errclass
+
+import "github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
+
+// minutesCodeMeta holds minutes-service Lark code → CodeMeta mappings.
+// Only codes whose meaning is stable across minutes endpoints are registered;
+// endpoint-specific codes fall back to CategoryAPI via BuildAPIError.
+// Command-specific messages, hints, and subtypes are layered on top via
+// per-command enrichment.
+// BuildAPIError consumes this map via mergeCodeMeta + LookupCodeMeta.
+var minutesCodeMeta = map[int]CodeMeta{
+	2091005: {Category: errs.CategoryAuthorization, Subtype: errs.SubtypePermissionDenied}, // caller lacks edit/read permission for the minute
+}
+
+func init() { mergeCodeMeta(minutesCodeMeta, "minutes") }

internal/errclass/codemeta_test.go

@@ -70,6 +70,12 @@ func TestLookupCodeMeta_TaskPermissionDenied_MergedViaInit(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestLookupCodeMeta_MinutesEndpointSpecificCode_NotGlobal(t *testing.T) {
+	if got, ok := LookupCodeMeta(2091001); ok {
+		t.Fatalf("LookupCodeMeta(2091001) = %+v, want unregistered; minutes endpoints use this code for different failures", got)
+	}
+}
+
 func TestLookupCodeMeta_RetryableAuthCode(t *testing.T) {
 	got, ok := LookupCodeMeta(20050)
 	if !ok {

internal/errclass/codemeta_vc.go

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package errclass
+
+import "github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
+
+// vcCodeMeta holds vc-service Lark code → CodeMeta mappings.
+// Only codes whose meaning is verifiable from repo evidence are registered;
+// ambiguous codes (e.g. 124002 "recording still generating", which has no
+// precise taxonomy fit) fall back to CategoryAPI via BuildAPIError and rely on
+// per-command enrichment for a retry hint.
+// BuildAPIError consumes this map via mergeCodeMeta + LookupCodeMeta.
+var vcCodeMeta = map[int]CodeMeta{
+	121004: {Category: errs.CategoryAPI, Subtype: errs.SubtypeNotFound},                   // meeting has no minute file
+	121005: {Category: errs.CategoryAuthorization, Subtype: errs.SubtypePermissionDenied}, // caller is not a participant / lacks view permission
+}
+
+func init() { mergeCodeMeta(vcCodeMeta, "vc") }

internal/event/consume/consume.go

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ import (
 	"sync/atomic"
 	"time"
 
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/event"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/event/transport"
 )
@@ -44,7 +45,9 @@ func Run(ctx context.Context, tr transport.IPC, appID, profileName, domain strin
 
 	keyDef, ok := event.Lookup(opts.EventKey)
 	if !ok {
-		return fmt.Errorf("unknown EventKey: %s\nRun 'lark-cli event list' to see available keys", opts.EventKey)
+		return errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument,
+			"unknown EventKey: %s", opts.EventKey).
+			WithHint("run `lark-cli event list` to see available keys")
 	}
 
 	if err := validateParams(keyDef, opts.Params); err != nil {
@@ -80,7 +83,8 @@ func Run(ctx context.Context, tr transport.IPC, appID, profileName, domain strin
 
 	ack, br, err := doHello(conn, opts.EventKey, []string{keyDef.EventType})
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("handshake failed: %w", err)
+		return errs.NewInternalError(errs.SubtypeUnknown,
+			"event bus handshake failed: %s", err).WithCause(err)
 	}
 
 	var cleanup func()
@@ -90,7 +94,11 @@ func Run(ctx context.Context, tr transport.IPC, appID, profileName, domain strin
 		}
 		cleanup, err = keyDef.PreConsume(ctx, opts.Runtime, opts.Params)
 		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("pre-consume failed: %w", err)
+			if _, ok := errs.ProblemOf(err); ok {
+				return err
+			}
+			return errs.NewInternalError(errs.SubtypeUnknown,
+				"pre-consume failed: %s", err).WithCause(err)
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -130,7 +138,7 @@ func Run(ctx context.Context, tr transport.IPC, appID, profileName, domain strin
 	if !opts.Quiet {
 		fmt.Fprintln(errOut, listeningText(opts))
 		if !opts.IsTTY {
-			fmt.Fprintln(errOut, stopHintText())
+			fmt.Fprintln(errOut, stopHintText(opts))
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -152,8 +160,10 @@ func validateParams(def *event.KeyDefinition, params map[string]string) error {
 	for _, p := range def.Params {
 		if p.Required {
 			if _, ok := params[p.Name]; !ok {
-				return fmt.Errorf("required param %q missing for EventKey %s. Run 'lark-cli event schema %s' for details",
-					p.Name, def.Key, def.Key)
+				return errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument,
+					"required param %q missing for EventKey %s", p.Name, def.Key).
+					WithParam("--param").
+					WithHint("pass it as --param %s=<value>; run `lark-cli event schema %s` for details", p.Name, def.Key)
 			}
 		}
 	}
@@ -169,11 +179,15 @@ func validateParams(def *event.KeyDefinition, params map[string]string) error {
 			continue
 		}
 		if len(validNames) == 0 {
-			return fmt.Errorf("unknown param %q: EventKey %s accepts no params. Run 'lark-cli event schema %s' for details",
-				k, def.Key, def.Key)
+			return errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument,
+				"unknown param %q: EventKey %s accepts no params", k, def.Key).
+				WithParam("--param").
+				WithHint("run `lark-cli event schema %s` for details", def.Key)
 		}
-		return fmt.Errorf("unknown param %q for EventKey %s. valid params: %s. Run 'lark-cli event schema %s' for details",
-			k, def.Key, strings.Join(validNames, ", "), def.Key)
+		return errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument,
+			"unknown param %q for EventKey %s. valid params: %s", k, def.Key, strings.Join(validNames, ", ")).
+			WithParam("--param").
+			WithHint("run `lark-cli event schema %s` for details", def.Key)
 	}
 	return nil
 }
@@ -213,7 +227,11 @@ func exitReason(ctx context.Context, emitted int64, opts Options) string {
 	return "signal"
 }
 
-func stopHintText() string {
+func stopHintText(opts Options) string {
+	if opts.MaxEvents > 0 || opts.Timeout > 0 {
+		return "[event] to stop gracefully: send SIGTERM (kill <pid>). " +
+			"Avoid kill -9 — it skips cleanup and may leak server-side subscriptions."
+	}
 	return "[event] to stop gracefully: send SIGTERM (kill <pid>) or close stdin. " +
 		"Avoid kill -9 — it skips cleanup and may leak server-side subscriptions."
 }

internal/event/consume/jq.go

@@ -8,17 +8,21 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 
 	"github.com/itchyny/gojq"
+
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
 )
 
 // CompileJQ compiles once for hot-path reuse; exported so callers can preflight before side effects.
 func CompileJQ(expr string) (*gojq.Code, error) {
 	query, err := gojq.Parse(expr)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid jq expression: %w", err)
+		return nil, errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument,
+			"invalid jq expression: %s", err).WithParam("--jq").WithCause(err)
 	}
 	code, err := gojq.Compile(query)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("jq compile error: %w", err)
+		return nil, errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument,
+			"jq compile error: %s", err).WithParam("--jq").WithCause(err)
 	}
 	return code, nil
 }

internal/event/consume/listening_text_test.go

@@ -50,12 +50,32 @@ func TestListeningText_NonTTY_MaxEventsAndTimeout(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 // AI-facing contract: must name "kill -9" + "cleanup" so agents parsing stderr are steered away from SIGKILL.
-func TestStopHintText_Content(t *testing.T) {
-	got := stopHintText()
-	mustContain := []string{"SIGTERM", "kill -9", "cleanup"}
+func TestStopHintText_Unbounded(t *testing.T) {
+	got := stopHintText(Options{})
+	mustContain := []string{"SIGTERM", "kill -9", "cleanup", "close stdin"}
 	for _, s := range mustContain {
 		if !bytes.Contains([]byte(got), []byte(s)) {
-			t.Errorf("stopHintText missing %q; got %q", s, got)
+			t.Errorf("stopHintText(unbounded) missing %q; got %q", s, got)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// AI-facing contract: must name "kill -9" + "cleanup" so agents parsing stderr are steered away from SIGKILL.
+func TestStopHintText_Bounded(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := []Options{
+		{MaxEvents: 1},
+		{Timeout: 30 * time.Second},
+	}
+	for _, opts := range cases {
+		got := stopHintText(opts)
+		mustContain := []string{"SIGTERM", "kill -9", "cleanup"}
+		for _, s := range mustContain {
+			if !bytes.Contains([]byte(got), []byte(s)) {
+				t.Errorf("stopHintText(bounded) missing %q; got %q", s, got)
+			}
+		}
+		if bytes.Contains([]byte(got), []byte("close stdin")) {
+			t.Errorf("stopHintText(bounded) must not contain \"close stdin\"; got %q", got)
 		}
 	}
 }

internal/event/consume/loop_jq_test.go

@@ -5,10 +5,13 @@ package consume
 
 import (
 	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
 	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
 )
 
 func TestCompileJQReportsErrorEarly(t *testing.T) {
@@ -20,6 +23,16 @@ func TestCompileJQReportsErrorEarly(t *testing.T) {
 	if !strings.Contains(msg, "compile") && !strings.Contains(msg, "parse") && !strings.Contains(msg, "invalid") {
 		t.Errorf("error should mention compile/parse/invalid, got: %v", err)
 	}
+	var ve *errs.ValidationError
+	if !errors.As(err, &ve) {
+		t.Fatalf("expected *errs.ValidationError, got %T: %v", err, err)
+	}
+	if ve.Subtype != errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument || ve.Param != "--jq" {
+		t.Errorf("subtype/param = %s/%q, want %s/%q", ve.Subtype, ve.Param, errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, "--jq")
+	}
+	if errors.Unwrap(err) == nil {
+		t.Error("compile error should preserve its cause")
+	}
 }
 
 func TestCompileJQReturnsUsableCode(t *testing.T) {

internal/event/consume/sink.go

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ import (
 	"sync/atomic"
 	"time"
 
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/vfs"
 )
 
@@ -23,7 +24,8 @@ type Sink interface {
 func newSink(opts Options) (Sink, error) {
 	if opts.OutputDir != "" {
 		if err := vfs.MkdirAll(opts.OutputDir, 0755); err != nil {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("create output dir: %w", err)
+			return nil, errs.NewInternalError(errs.SubtypeFileIO,
+				"create output dir: %s", err).WithCause(err)
 		}
 		// PID disambiguates filenames across processes sharing a Dir.
 		return &DirSink{Dir: opts.OutputDir, pid: os.Getpid()}, nil

internal/event/consume/startup.go

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ import (
 	"path/filepath"
 	"time"
 
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/event"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/event/protocol"
@@ -51,10 +52,9 @@ func EnsureBus(ctx context.Context, tr transport.IPC, appID, profileName, domain
 		} else {
 			fmt.Fprintf(errOut, "[event] remote connection check: online_instance_cnt=%d\n", count)
 			if count > 0 {
-				return nil, fmt.Errorf("another event bus is already connected to this app "+
-					"(%d active connection(s) detected via API).\n"+
-					"Only one bus should run globally to avoid duplicate event delivery.\n"+
-					"Use 'lark-cli event status' to check, or 'lark-cli event stop' on the other machine first", count)
+				return nil, errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeFailedPrecondition,
+					"another event bus is already connected to this app (%d active connection(s) detected via API); only one bus should run globally to avoid duplicate event delivery", count).
+					WithHint("use `lark-cli event status` to check, or `lark-cli event stop` on the other machine first")
 			}
 		}
 	} else {
@@ -65,8 +65,10 @@ func EnsureBus(ctx context.Context, tr transport.IPC, appID, profileName, domain
 	pid, forkErr := forkBus(tr, appID, profileName, domain)
 	if forkErr != nil && !errors.Is(forkErr, lockfile.ErrHeld) {
 		eventsRoot := filepath.Join(core.GetConfigDir(), "events")
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to start event bus daemon: %w\n"+
-			"Check: disk space, permissions on %s, and 'lark-cli doctor'", forkErr, eventsRoot)
+		return nil, errs.NewInternalError(errs.SubtypeUnknown,
+			"failed to start event bus daemon: %s", forkErr).
+			WithCause(forkErr).
+			WithHint("check disk space, permissions on %s, and `lark-cli doctor`", eventsRoot)
 	}
 	if pid > 0 {
 		announceForkedBus(errOut, pid)
@@ -88,7 +90,9 @@ func EnsureBus(ctx context.Context, tr transport.IPC, appID, profileName, domain
 	fmt.Fprintln(errOut, "[event] event bus exited unexpectedly.")
 	fmt.Fprintln(errOut, "[event] please check app credentials (lark-cli config show) and retry.")
 	fmt.Fprintf(errOut, "[event] logs: %s\n", logPath)
-	return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to connect to event bus within %v (app=%s)", dialTimeout, appID)
+	return nil, errs.NewInternalError(errs.SubtypeUnknown,
+		"failed to connect to event bus within %v (app=%s)", dialTimeout, appID).
+		WithHint("check app credentials (`lark-cli config show`) and retry; bus logs: %s", logPath)
 }
 
 // probeAndDialBus distinguishes a healthy bus from a mid-shutdown listener via StatusQuery first.

internal/event/consume/startup_guard_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package consume
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
+	"io"
+	"net"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/event"
+)
+
+// failDialTransport refuses every dial so EnsureBus falls through to the
+// remote-connection check without a local bus.
+type failDialTransport struct{}
+
+func (failDialTransport) Listen(string) (net.Listener, error) { return nil, errors.New("no listen") }
+func (failDialTransport) Dial(string) (net.Conn, error)       { return nil, errors.New("refused") }
+func (failDialTransport) Address(string) string               { return "guard-test-addr" }
+func (failDialTransport) Cleanup(string)                      {}
+
+// remoteBusyAPIClient reports active remote WebSocket connections.
+type remoteBusyAPIClient struct{ count int }
+
+func (c remoteBusyAPIClient) CallAPI(context.Context, string, string, interface{}) (json.RawMessage, error) {
+	return json.RawMessage(`{"code":0,"msg":"ok","data":{"online_instance_cnt":` +
+		strconv.Itoa(c.count) + `}}`), nil
+}
+
+func TestEnsureBus_RemoteBusAlreadyConnectedIsFailedPrecondition(t *testing.T) {
+	conn, err := EnsureBus(context.Background(), failDialTransport{},
+		"cli_guard_test", "", "", remoteBusyAPIClient{count: 2}, io.Discard)
+	if conn != nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected nil conn when a remote bus is already connected")
+	}
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected single-bus guard error")
+	}
+	var ve *errs.ValidationError
+	if !errors.As(err, &ve) {
+		t.Fatalf("expected *errs.ValidationError, got %T: %v", err, err)
+	}
+	if ve.Subtype != errs.SubtypeFailedPrecondition {
+		t.Errorf("subtype = %s, want %s", ve.Subtype, errs.SubtypeFailedPrecondition)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(ve.Hint, "event stop") {
+		t.Errorf("hint should point at `event stop`, got: %q", ve.Hint)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRun_UnknownEventKeyIsTypedValidation(t *testing.T) {
+	err := Run(context.Background(), failDialTransport{}, "cli_x", "", "", Options{
+		EventKey: "bogus.run.key",
+		ErrOut:   io.Discard,
+	})
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected unknown EventKey error")
+	}
+	var ve *errs.ValidationError
+	if !errors.As(err, &ve) {
+		t.Fatalf("expected *errs.ValidationError, got %T: %v", err, err)
+	}
+	if ve.Subtype != errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument {
+		t.Errorf("subtype = %s, want %s", ve.Subtype, errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(ve.Hint, "event list") {
+		t.Errorf("hint should point at `event list`, got: %q", ve.Hint)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRun_InvalidJQFailsBeforeAnySideEffect(t *testing.T) {
+	event.RegisterKey(event.KeyDefinition{
+		Key:       "consume.runtest.jq",
+		EventType: "consume.runtest.jq_v1",
+		Schema:    event.SchemaDef{Custom: &event.SchemaSpec{Raw: json.RawMessage(`{}`)}},
+	})
+	err := Run(context.Background(), failDialTransport{}, "cli_x", "", "", Options{
+		EventKey: "consume.runtest.jq",
+		JQExpr:   "[invalid{{{",
+		ErrOut:   io.Discard,
+	})
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected jq validation error")
+	}
+	var ve *errs.ValidationError
+	if !errors.As(err, &ve) {
+		t.Fatalf("expected *errs.ValidationError, got %T: %v", err, err)
+	}
+	if ve.Param != "--jq" {
+		t.Errorf("param = %q, want %q", ve.Param, "--jq")
+	}
+}

internal/event/consume/validate_params_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package consume
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/event"
+)
+
+func requireParamValidationError(t *testing.T, err error) {
+	t.Helper()
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected validation error, got nil")
+	}
+	var ve *errs.ValidationError
+	if !errors.As(err, &ve) {
+		t.Fatalf("expected *errs.ValidationError, got %T: %v", err, err)
+	}
+	if ve.Subtype != errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument || ve.Param != "--param" {
+		t.Errorf("subtype/param = %s/%q, want %s/%q", ve.Subtype, ve.Param, errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, "--param")
+	}
+	if ve.Hint == "" {
+		t.Error("param validation error should hint at `lark-cli event schema`")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestValidateParams_RequiredMissing(t *testing.T) {
+	def := &event.KeyDefinition{
+		Key:    "x.test",
+		Params: []event.ParamDef{{Name: "chat_id", Required: true}},
+	}
+	requireParamValidationError(t, validateParams(def, map[string]string{}))
+}
+
+func TestValidateParams_UnknownParam(t *testing.T) {
+	def := &event.KeyDefinition{
+		Key:    "x.test",
+		Params: []event.ParamDef{{Name: "chat_id"}},
+	}
+	requireParamValidationError(t, validateParams(def, map[string]string{"nope": "1"}))
+}
+
+func TestValidateParams_UnknownParamNoParamsAccepted(t *testing.T) {
+	def := &event.KeyDefinition{Key: "x.test"}
+	requireParamValidationError(t, validateParams(def, map[string]string{"nope": "1"}))
+}
+
+func TestValidateParams_DefaultAppliedAndValidPasses(t *testing.T) {
+	def := &event.KeyDefinition{
+		Key:    "x.test",
+		Params: []event.ParamDef{{Name: "mode", Required: true, Default: "all"}},
+	}
+	params := map[string]string{}
+	if err := validateParams(def, params); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("default should satisfy required param, got: %v", err)
+	}
+	if params["mode"] != "all" {
+		t.Errorf("default not applied, params=%v", params)
+	}
+}

internal/selfupdate/updater.go

@@ -10,10 +10,13 @@ import (
 	"bytes"
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"net/http"
 	"os/exec"
 	"strings"
 	"time"
 
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/transport"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/vfs"
 )
 
@@ -37,9 +40,15 @@ const (
 )
 
 const (
-	npmInstallTimeout   = 10 * time.Minute
-	skillsUpdateTimeout = 2 * time.Minute
-	verifyTimeout       = 10 * time.Second
+	npmInstallTimeout      = 10 * time.Minute
+	skillsUpdateTimeout    = 2 * time.Minute
+	skillsIndexMaxBodySize = 1 << 20
+	verifyTimeout          = 10 * time.Second
+)
+
+var (
+	skillsIndexFetchTimeout = 10 * time.Second
+	officialSkillsIndexURL  = "https://open.feishu.cn/.well-known/skills/index.json"
 )
 
 // DetectResult holds installation detection results.
@@ -83,6 +92,7 @@ func (r *NpmResult) CombinedOutput() string {
 type Updater struct {
 	DetectOverride           func() DetectResult
 	NpmInstallOverride       func(version string) *NpmResult
+	SkillsIndexFetchOverride func() *NpmResult
 	SkillsCommandOverride    func(args ...string) *NpmResult
 	VerifyOverride           func(expectedVersion string) error
 	RestoreAvailableOverride func() bool
@@ -153,6 +163,53 @@ func (u *Updater) RunNpmInstall(version string) *NpmResult {
 	return r
 }
 
+func (u *Updater) ListOfficialSkillsIndex() *NpmResult {
+	if u.SkillsIndexFetchOverride != nil {
+		return u.SkillsIndexFetchOverride()
+	}
+
+	r := &NpmResult{}
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), skillsIndexFetchTimeout)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodGet, officialSkillsIndexURL, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		r.Err = err
+		return r
+	}
+
+	client := transport.NewHTTPClient(0)
+	client.CheckRedirect = func(req *http.Request, via []*http.Request) error {
+		if req.URL.Scheme != "https" {
+			return fmt.Errorf("official skills index redirected to non-HTTPS URL: %s", req.URL.Redacted())
+		}
+		return nil
+	}
+	resp, err := client.Do(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		r.Err = err
+		return r
+	}
+	defer resp.Body.Close()
+
+	if resp.StatusCode < http.StatusOK || resp.StatusCode >= http.StatusMultipleChoices {
+		r.Err = fmt.Errorf("official skills index returned HTTP %d", resp.StatusCode)
+		return r
+	}
+
+	limited := io.LimitReader(resp.Body, skillsIndexMaxBodySize+1)
+	if _, err := io.Copy(&r.Stdout, limited); err != nil {
+		r.Err = err
+		return r
+	}
+	if r.Stdout.Len() > skillsIndexMaxBodySize {
+		r.Stdout.Reset()
+		r.Err = fmt.Errorf("official skills index exceeds %d bytes", skillsIndexMaxBodySize)
+		return r
+	}
+	return r
+}
+
 func (u *Updater) ListOfficialSkills() *NpmResult {
 	r := u.runSkillsListOfficial("https://open.feishu.cn")
 	if r.Err != nil {

internal/selfupdate/updater_test.go

@@ -4,12 +4,18 @@
 package selfupdate
 
 import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
+	"net"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"runtime"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
+	"time"
 
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/vfs"
 )
@@ -232,6 +238,113 @@ func TestSkillsCommandsUseExpectedArgs(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestListOfficialSkillsIndexSuccess(t *testing.T) {
+	server := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		fmt.Fprint(w, `{"skills":[{"name":"lark-calendar"}]}`)
+	}))
+	defer server.Close()
+
+	oldURL := officialSkillsIndexURL
+	officialSkillsIndexURL = server.URL
+	t.Cleanup(func() { officialSkillsIndexURL = oldURL })
+
+	result := New().ListOfficialSkillsIndex()
+	if result.Err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("ListOfficialSkillsIndex() err = %v, want nil", result.Err)
+	}
+	if got := result.Stdout.String(); !strings.Contains(got, "lark-calendar") {
+		t.Fatalf("ListOfficialSkillsIndex() stdout = %q, want skill JSON", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestListOfficialSkillsIndexHTTPError(t *testing.T) {
+	server := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		http.Error(w, "not found", http.StatusNotFound)
+	}))
+	defer server.Close()
+
+	oldURL := officialSkillsIndexURL
+	officialSkillsIndexURL = server.URL
+	t.Cleanup(func() { officialSkillsIndexURL = oldURL })
+
+	result := New().ListOfficialSkillsIndex()
+	if result.Err == nil || !strings.Contains(result.Err.Error(), "HTTP 404") {
+		t.Fatalf("ListOfficialSkillsIndex() err = %v, want HTTP 404", result.Err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestListOfficialSkillsIndexBodyTooLarge(t *testing.T) {
+	server := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		fmt.Fprint(w, strings.Repeat("x", skillsIndexMaxBodySize+1))
+	}))
+	defer server.Close()
+
+	oldURL := officialSkillsIndexURL
+	officialSkillsIndexURL = server.URL
+	t.Cleanup(func() { officialSkillsIndexURL = oldURL })
+
+	result := New().ListOfficialSkillsIndex()
+	if result.Err == nil || !strings.Contains(result.Err.Error(), "exceeds") {
+		t.Fatalf("ListOfficialSkillsIndex() err = %v, want exceeds", result.Err)
+	}
+	if result.Stdout.Len() != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("ListOfficialSkillsIndex() stdout len = %d, want 0", result.Stdout.Len())
+	}
+}
+
+func TestListOfficialSkillsIndexTimeout(t *testing.T) {
+	server := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		time.Sleep(200 * time.Millisecond)
+		fmt.Fprint(w, `{"skills":[{"name":"lark-calendar"}]}`)
+	}))
+	defer server.Close()
+
+	oldURL := officialSkillsIndexURL
+	oldTimeout := skillsIndexFetchTimeout
+	officialSkillsIndexURL = server.URL
+	skillsIndexFetchTimeout = 50 * time.Millisecond
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		officialSkillsIndexURL = oldURL
+		skillsIndexFetchTimeout = oldTimeout
+	})
+
+	result := New().ListOfficialSkillsIndex()
+	var netErr net.Error
+	if result.Err == nil || (!errors.Is(result.Err, context.DeadlineExceeded) && !(errors.As(result.Err, &netErr) && netErr.Timeout())) {
+		t.Fatalf("ListOfficialSkillsIndex() err = %v, want timeout error", result.Err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestListOfficialSkillsIndexRejectsNonHTTPSRedirect(t *testing.T) {
+	server := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		http.Redirect(w, r, "http://example.com/skills.json", http.StatusFound)
+	}))
+	defer server.Close()
+
+	oldURL := officialSkillsIndexURL
+	officialSkillsIndexURL = server.URL
+	t.Cleanup(func() { officialSkillsIndexURL = oldURL })
+
+	result := New().ListOfficialSkillsIndex()
+	if result.Err == nil || !strings.Contains(result.Err.Error(), "non-HTTPS") {
+		t.Fatalf("ListOfficialSkillsIndex() err = %v, want non-HTTPS redirect", result.Err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestListOfficialSkillsIndexUsesOverride(t *testing.T) {
+	result := (&Updater{SkillsIndexFetchOverride: func() *NpmResult {
+		r := &NpmResult{}
+		r.Stdout.WriteString(`{"skills":[{"name":"override-skill"}]}`)
+		return r
+	}}).ListOfficialSkillsIndex()
+	if result.Err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("ListOfficialSkillsIndex() err = %v, want nil", result.Err)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(result.Stdout.String(), "override-skill") {
+		t.Fatalf("ListOfficialSkillsIndex() stdout = %q, want override result", result.Stdout.String())
+	}
+}
+
 func TestListOfficialSkillsFallsBack(t *testing.T) {
 	called := []string{}
 	updater := &Updater{

internal/skillcontent/reader.go

@@ -0,0 +1,209 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+// Package skillcontent reads embedded skill content from an injected fs.FS
+// rooted at the skill list (entries like "lark-calendar/SKILL.md").
+package skillcontent
+
+import (
+	"io/fs"
+	"path"
+	"sort"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
+	"gopkg.in/yaml.v3"
+)
+
+type Reader struct {
+	fsys fs.FS
+}
+
+func New(fsys fs.FS) *Reader { return &Reader{fsys: fsys} }
+
+type SkillInfo struct {
+	Name        string         `json:"name"`
+	Description string         `json:"description"`
+	Version     string         `json:"version,omitempty"`
+	Metadata    map[string]any `json:"metadata,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// DirEntry.Path is skill-prefixed (e.g. "lark-doc/references/x.md") so it can be
+// fed straight back into `read`.
+type DirEntry struct {
+	Path  string `json:"path"`
+	IsDir bool   `json:"is_dir"`
+}
+
+func (r *Reader) List() ([]SkillInfo, error) {
+	entries, err := fs.ReadDir(r.fsys, ".")
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, errs.NewInternalError(errs.SubtypeFileIO, "failed to read embedded skills: %v", err)
+	}
+	out := make([]SkillInfo, 0, len(entries))
+	for _, e := range entries {
+		if !e.IsDir() {
+			continue
+		}
+		// Skip dirs that aren't real skills (no SKILL.md).
+		if info, ok := r.skillInfo(e.Name()); ok {
+			out = append(out, info)
+		}
+	}
+	sort.Slice(out, func(i, j int) bool { return out[i].Name < out[j].Name })
+	return out, nil
+}
+
+func (r *Reader) skillInfo(name string) (SkillInfo, bool) {
+	data, err := fs.ReadFile(r.fsys, name+"/SKILL.md")
+	if err != nil {
+		return SkillInfo{}, false
+	}
+	desc, version, metadata := parseFrontmatter(data)
+	return SkillInfo{Name: name, Description: desc, Version: version, Metadata: metadata}, true
+}
+
+// ListPath lists one directory layer (no recursion) under "<name>" or
+// "<name>/<sub>", returning the entries and the cleaned path listed.
+func (r *Reader) ListPath(arg string) ([]DirEntry, string, error) {
+	name, sub := SplitArg(arg)
+	if err := r.ensureSkill(name); err != nil {
+		return nil, "", err
+	}
+	dir := name
+	if sub != "" {
+		cleaned, err := cleanSubPath(sub)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, "", err
+		}
+		dir = name + "/" + cleaned
+		info, err := fs.Stat(r.fsys, dir)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, "", errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument,
+				"path %q not found in skill %q", sub, name).
+				WithHint("run 'lark-cli skills list " + name + "' to see files in this skill")
+		}
+		if !info.IsDir() {
+			return nil, "", errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument,
+				"path %q is a file, not a directory; use 'lark-cli skills read %s/%s' to read it", sub, name, cleaned)
+		}
+	}
+	entries, err := fs.ReadDir(r.fsys, dir)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, "", errs.NewInternalError(errs.SubtypeFileIO,
+			"failed to read embedded skill content: %v", err)
+	}
+	out := make([]DirEntry, 0, len(entries))
+	for _, e := range entries {
+		out = append(out, DirEntry{Path: dir + "/" + e.Name(), IsDir: e.IsDir()})
+	}
+	sort.Slice(out, func(i, j int) bool { return out[i].Path < out[j].Path })
+	return out, dir, nil
+}
+
+// SplitArg splits "<name>/<rest>" at the first separator; an argument with no
+// separator is a bare skill name (rest "").
+func SplitArg(arg string) (name, rest string) {
+	name, rest, _ = strings.Cut(arg, "/")
+	return name, rest
+}
+
+// parseFrontmatter best-effort-extracts the frontmatter fields; missing or
+// unparseable frontmatter yields ("", "", nil), never an error.
+func parseFrontmatter(skillMD []byte) (description, version string, metadata map[string]any) {
+	lines := strings.Split(string(skillMD), "\n")
+	if strings.TrimRight(lines[0], "\r") != "---" {
+		return "", "", nil
+	}
+	block := make([]string, 0, len(lines))
+	closed := false
+	for _, ln := range lines[1:] {
+		if strings.TrimRight(ln, "\r") == "---" {
+			closed = true
+			break
+		}
+		block = append(block, ln)
+	}
+	if !closed {
+		return "", "", nil
+	}
+	var fm struct {
+		Description string         `yaml:"description"`
+		Version     string         `yaml:"version"`
+		Metadata    map[string]any `yaml:"metadata"`
+	}
+	if err := yaml.Unmarshal([]byte(strings.Join(block, "\n")), &fm); err != nil {
+		return "", "", nil
+	}
+	return fm.Description, fm.Version, fm.Metadata
+}
+
+func (r *Reader) ReadSkill(name string) ([]byte, error) {
+	if err := r.ensureSkill(name); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	data, err := fs.ReadFile(r.fsys, name+"/SKILL.md")
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, errs.NewInternalError(errs.SubtypeFileIO,
+			"failed to read embedded skill content: %v", err)
+	}
+	return data, nil
+}
+
+func (r *Reader) ensureSkill(name string) error {
+	if name == "" || strings.ContainsAny(name, `/\`) || name == "." || name == ".." {
+		return unknownSkill(name)
+	}
+	info, err := fs.Stat(r.fsys, name)
+	if err != nil || !info.IsDir() {
+		return unknownSkill(name)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func unknownSkill(name string) error {
+	return errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, "unknown skill %q", name).
+		WithHint("run 'lark-cli skills list' to see available skills")
+}
+
+// cleanSubPath returns the cleaned form of relpath, rejecting absolute paths and
+// ".." escapes. relpath must be non-empty (callers handle the skill-root case).
+func cleanSubPath(relpath string) (string, error) {
+	cleaned := path.Clean(relpath)
+	// path.Clean only treats '/' as a separator, so a Windows-style "..\" prefix
+	// survives; reject it explicitly alongside "../".
+	if relpath == "" || path.IsAbs(relpath) || cleaned == "." ||
+		cleaned == ".." || strings.HasPrefix(cleaned, "../") || strings.HasPrefix(cleaned, `..\`) {
+		return "", errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument,
+			"invalid path %q: must be a relative path without '..'", relpath)
+	}
+	return cleaned, nil
+}
+
+// ReadReference returns the bytes of <name>/<relpath> and the cleaned path.
+func (r *Reader) ReadReference(name, relpath string) ([]byte, string, error) {
+	if err := r.ensureSkill(name); err != nil {
+		return nil, "", err
+	}
+	cleaned, err := cleanSubPath(relpath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, "", err
+	}
+	full := name + "/" + cleaned
+	info, err := fs.Stat(r.fsys, full)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, "", errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument,
+			"reference %q not found in skill %q", relpath, name).
+			WithHint("run 'lark-cli skills list " + name + "' to see files in this skill")
+	}
+	if info.IsDir() {
+		return nil, "", errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument,
+			"reference %q is a directory, not a file", relpath)
+	}
+	data, err := fs.ReadFile(r.fsys, full)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, "", errs.NewInternalError(errs.SubtypeFileIO,
+			"failed to read embedded skill content: %v", err)
+	}
+	return data, cleaned, nil
+}

internal/skillcontent/reader_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,290 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package skillcontent
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+	"testing/fstest"
+
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
+)
+
+func testFS() fstest.MapFS {
+	return fstest.MapFS{
+		"lark-calendar/SKILL.md":             {Data: []byte("---\nname: lark-calendar\nversion: 1.0.0\ndescription: \"Calendar skill\"\nmetadata:\n  requires:\n    bins: [\"lark-cli\"]\n  cliHelp: \"lark-cli calendar --help\"\n---\nbody\n")},
+		"lark-calendar/references/agenda.md": {Data: []byte("# Agenda")},
+		"lark-calendar/references/create.md": {Data: []byte("# Create")},
+		"lark-calendar/assets/tpl.html":      {Data: []byte("<html></html>")},
+		"lark-im/SKILL.md":                   {Data: []byte("no frontmatter here\n")},
+		"lark-im/references/send.md":         {Data: []byte("# Send")},
+	}
+}
+
+func TestList(t *testing.T) {
+	r := New(testFS())
+	skills, err := r.List()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("List() error: %v", err)
+	}
+	if len(skills) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("got %d skills, want 2", len(skills))
+	}
+	if skills[0].Name != "lark-calendar" || skills[1].Name != "lark-im" {
+		t.Fatalf("skills not sorted by name: %v", skills)
+	}
+	if skills[0].Description != "Calendar skill" {
+		t.Errorf("description: got %q, want %q", skills[0].Description, "Calendar skill")
+	}
+	// version is the frontmatter `version:` field, passed through for drift checks.
+	if skills[0].Version != "1.0.0" {
+		t.Errorf("version: got %q, want %q", skills[0].Version, "1.0.0")
+	}
+	// metadata is the frontmatter `metadata:` block, passed through verbatim.
+	if skills[0].Metadata == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected metadata for lark-calendar")
+	}
+	if skills[0].Metadata["cliHelp"] != "lark-cli calendar --help" {
+		t.Errorf("metadata.cliHelp: got %v", skills[0].Metadata["cliHelp"])
+	}
+	// No frontmatter → empty description and nil metadata (omitted from JSON).
+	if skills[1].Description != "" {
+		t.Errorf("lark-im description: got %q, want empty", skills[1].Description)
+	}
+	if skills[1].Metadata != nil {
+		t.Errorf("lark-im metadata: got %v, want nil", skills[1].Metadata)
+	}
+	if skills[1].Version != "" {
+		t.Errorf("lark-im version: got %q, want empty", skills[1].Version)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestListPath(t *testing.T) {
+	r := New(testFS())
+
+	// Skill root: direct children only (one layer), each path skill-prefixed.
+	entries, listed, err := r.ListPath("lark-calendar")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("ListPath root error: %v", err)
+	}
+	if listed != "lark-calendar" {
+		t.Errorf("listed path: got %q", listed)
+	}
+	want := map[string]bool{ // path → isDir
+		"lark-calendar/SKILL.md":   false,
+		"lark-calendar/references": true,
+		"lark-calendar/assets":     true,
+	}
+	if len(entries) != len(want) {
+		t.Fatalf("root entries: got %v, want %d entries", entries, len(want))
+	}
+	for _, e := range entries {
+		isDir, ok := want[e.Path]
+		if !ok {
+			t.Errorf("unexpected entry %q", e.Path)
+			continue
+		}
+		if e.IsDir != isDir {
+			t.Errorf("%q is_dir: got %v, want %v", e.Path, e.IsDir, isDir)
+		}
+	}
+	// Entries are sorted by path.
+	if entries[0].Path != "lark-calendar/SKILL.md" {
+		t.Errorf("entries not sorted: %v", entries)
+	}
+
+	// Subdirectory: one layer under <name>/<subpath>.
+	subEntries, subListed, err := r.ListPath("lark-calendar/references")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("ListPath subdir error: %v", err)
+	}
+	if subListed != "lark-calendar/references" {
+		t.Errorf("listed subpath: got %q", subListed)
+	}
+	if len(subEntries) != 2 ||
+		subEntries[0].Path != "lark-calendar/references/agenda.md" ||
+		subEntries[1].Path != "lark-calendar/references/create.md" {
+		t.Errorf("subdir entries: got %v", subEntries)
+	}
+
+	// Unknown skill → typed validation error.
+	if _, _, err := r.ListPath("no-such-skill"); err == nil {
+		t.Error("expected error for unknown skill")
+	} else {
+		var verr *errs.ValidationError
+		if !errors.As(err, &verr) {
+			t.Errorf("expected *errs.ValidationError, got %T", err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Path that points at a file (not a dir) → validation error.
+	if _, _, err := r.ListPath("lark-calendar/SKILL.md"); err == nil {
+		t.Error("expected error listing a file")
+	} else if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "is a file") {
+		t.Errorf("message: got %q", err.Error())
+	}
+
+	// Nonexistent subpath → validation error.
+	if _, _, err := r.ListPath("lark-calendar/nope"); err == nil {
+		t.Error("expected not-found error")
+	} else if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "not found") {
+		t.Errorf("message: got %q", err.Error())
+	}
+
+	// Traversal in the subpath is rejected, no listing leaked.
+	for _, bad := range []string{"lark-calendar/../lark-im", "lark-calendar/../../etc", `lark-calendar/..\x`} {
+		entries, _, err := r.ListPath(bad)
+		if err == nil {
+			t.Errorf("expected rejection for %q", bad)
+		}
+		if entries != nil {
+			t.Errorf("entries leaked for %q: %v", bad, entries)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestReadSkill(t *testing.T) {
+	r := New(testFS())
+
+	data, err := r.ReadSkill("lark-calendar")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("ReadSkill error: %v", err)
+	}
+	if !strings.HasPrefix(string(data), "---\nname: lark-calendar") {
+		t.Errorf("unexpected content: %q", string(data))
+	}
+
+	_, err = r.ReadSkill("no-such-skill")
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected error for unknown skill")
+	}
+	var verr *errs.ValidationError
+	if !errors.As(err, &verr) {
+		t.Fatalf("expected *errs.ValidationError, got %T", err)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(verr.Message, `unknown skill "no-such-skill"`) {
+		t.Errorf("message: got %q", verr.Message)
+	}
+
+	if _, err := r.ReadSkill("../etc"); err == nil {
+		t.Error("expected error for name with separator")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestReadReference(t *testing.T) {
+	r := New(testFS())
+
+	data, cleaned, err := r.ReadReference("lark-calendar", "references/agenda.md")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("ReadReference error: %v", err)
+	}
+	if string(data) != "# Agenda" {
+		t.Errorf("content: got %q", string(data))
+	}
+	if cleaned != "references/agenda.md" {
+		t.Errorf("cleaned path: got %q", cleaned)
+	}
+
+	if _, _, err := r.ReadReference("lark-calendar", "references/nope.md"); err == nil {
+		t.Error("expected not-found error")
+	} else if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "not found") {
+		t.Errorf("message: got %q", err.Error())
+	}
+
+	if _, _, err := r.ReadReference("lark-calendar", "references"); err == nil {
+		t.Error("expected directory error")
+	} else if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "is a directory") {
+		t.Errorf("message: got %q", err.Error())
+	}
+
+	for _, bad := range []string{"../../etc/passwd", "/etc/passwd", "..", "", "references/../../im/SKILL.md", `..\..\x`} {
+		data, _, err := r.ReadReference("lark-calendar", bad)
+		if err == nil {
+			t.Errorf("expected rejection for %q", bad)
+		}
+		if data != nil {
+			t.Errorf("content leaked for %q: %q", bad, string(data))
+		}
+		var verr *errs.ValidationError
+		if !errors.As(err, &verr) {
+			t.Errorf("expected validation error for %q, got %T", bad, err)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestParseFrontmatter(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := []struct {
+		name        string
+		input       string
+		wantDesc    string
+		wantVer     string
+		wantHasMeta bool
+	}{
+		{
+			name:        "description, version and metadata",
+			input:       "---\ndescription: My skill\nversion: 2.1.0\nmetadata:\n  cliHelp: \"x\"\n---\nbody\n",
+			wantDesc:    "My skill",
+			wantVer:     "2.1.0",
+			wantHasMeta: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "description only, no metadata",
+			input:    "---\ndescription: Plain\n---\nbody\n",
+			wantDesc: "Plain",
+		},
+		{
+			name:  "no frontmatter",
+			input: "no frontmatter here\n",
+		},
+		{
+			name:  "unclosed frontmatter",
+			input: "---\ndescription: Never closed\n",
+		},
+		{
+			name:  "malformed YAML inside frontmatter",
+			input: "---\n: bad: yaml: [\n---\nbody\n",
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "CRLF line endings",
+			input:       "---\r\ndescription: CRLF skill\r\nmetadata:\r\n  cliHelp: \"y\"\r\n---\r\nbody\r\n",
+			wantDesc:    "CRLF skill",
+			wantHasMeta: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:  "empty input",
+			input: "",
+		},
+	}
+	for _, tc := range cases {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			desc, ver, meta := parseFrontmatter([]byte(tc.input))
+			if desc != tc.wantDesc {
+				t.Errorf("description = %q, want %q", desc, tc.wantDesc)
+			}
+			if ver != tc.wantVer {
+				t.Errorf("version = %q, want %q", ver, tc.wantVer)
+			}
+			if (meta != nil) != tc.wantHasMeta {
+				t.Errorf("metadata = %v, wantHasMeta %v", meta, tc.wantHasMeta)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestReadSkillMissingFile(t *testing.T) {
+	// Use a separate MapFS so testFS() (and TestList) are unaffected.
+	emptyFS := fstest.MapFS{
+		"lark-empty/references/x.md": {Data: []byte("# X")},
+	}
+	r := New(emptyFS)
+	_, err := r.ReadSkill("lark-empty")
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected error when SKILL.md is absent")
+	}
+	var ierr *errs.InternalError
+	if !errors.As(err, &ierr) {
+		t.Fatalf("expected *errs.InternalError, got %T: %v", err, err)
+	}
+}

internal/skillscheck/sync.go

@@ -80,6 +80,30 @@ func ParseGlobalSkillsJSON(text string) []string {
 	return sortedKeys(seen)
 }
 
+func ParseOfficialSkillsIndexJSON(text string) ([]string, error) {
+	type officialSkill struct {
+		Name string `json:"name"`
+	}
+	type officialIndex struct {
+		Skills []officialSkill `json:"skills"`
+	}
+
+	var index officialIndex
+	if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(text), &index); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	seen := map[string]bool{}
+	for _, skill := range index.Skills {
+		candidate := strings.TrimSpace(skill.Name)
+		if skillNamePattern.MatchString(candidate) {
+			seen[candidate] = true
+		}
+	}
+
+	return sortedKeys(seen), nil
+}
+
 // parseGlobalSkillsList parses the output of "npx -y skills ls -g"
 func parseGlobalSkillsList(lines []string) []string {
 	seen := map[string]bool{}
@@ -160,8 +184,7 @@ func parseOfficialSkillsList(lines []string) []string {
 
 			if len(parts) > 0 {
 				candidate := parts[0]
-				// Check if it's a valid official skill name
-				if strings.HasPrefix(candidate, "lark-") && skillNamePattern.MatchString(candidate) {
+				if skillNamePattern.MatchString(candidate) {
 					seen[candidate] = true
 				}
 			}
@@ -223,6 +246,7 @@ func PlanSync(input SyncInput) SyncPlan {
 }
 
 type SkillsRunner interface {
+	ListOfficialSkillsIndex() *selfupdate.NpmResult
 	ListOfficialSkills() *selfupdate.NpmResult
 	ListGlobalSkillsJSON() *selfupdate.NpmResult
 	ListGlobalSkills() *selfupdate.NpmResult
@@ -258,14 +282,9 @@ func SyncSkills(opts SyncOptions) *SyncResult {
 	}
 
 	// --- Step 1: List official skills ---
-	officialResult := opts.Runner.ListOfficialSkills()
-	if officialResult == nil || officialResult.Err != nil {
-		return fallbackFullInstall(opts, resultDetail(officialResult), nil)
-	}
-	official := ParseSkillsList(officialResult.Stdout.String())
-
-	if len(official) == 0 && strings.TrimSpace(officialResult.Stdout.String()) != "" {
-		return fallbackFullInstall(opts, "official skills list parsed as empty despite non-empty stdout", nil)
+	official, reason, ok := listOfficialSkills(opts.Runner)
+	if !ok {
+		return fallbackFullInstall(opts, reason, nil)
 	}
 
 	// --- Step 2: List local (installed) skills ---
@@ -327,6 +346,40 @@ func SyncSkills(opts SyncOptions) *SyncResult {
 	return result
 }
 
+func listOfficialSkills(runner SkillsRunner) ([]string, string, bool) {
+	reasons := []string{}
+
+	indexResult := runner.ListOfficialSkillsIndex()
+	if indexResult == nil || indexResult.Err != nil {
+		reasons = append(reasons, "official skills index failed: "+resultDetail(indexResult))
+	} else {
+		official, err := ParseOfficialSkillsIndexJSON(indexResult.Stdout.String())
+		if err != nil {
+			reasons = append(reasons, "official skills index JSON invalid: "+err.Error())
+		} else if len(official) > 0 {
+			return official, "", true
+		} else {
+			reasons = append(reasons, "official skills index contains no skills")
+		}
+	}
+
+	officialResult := runner.ListOfficialSkills()
+	if officialResult == nil || officialResult.Err != nil {
+		reasons = append(reasons, "official skills list failed: "+resultDetail(officialResult))
+		return nil, strings.Join(reasons, "; "), false
+	}
+	official := ParseSkillsList(officialResult.Stdout.String())
+	if len(official) > 0 {
+		return official, "", true
+	}
+	if strings.TrimSpace(officialResult.Stdout.String()) != "" {
+		reasons = append(reasons, "official skills list parsed as empty despite non-empty stdout")
+	} else {
+		reasons = append(reasons, "official skills list returned no skills")
+	}
+	return nil, strings.Join(reasons, "; "), false
+}
+
 func listLocalSkills(runner SkillsRunner) ([]string, bool) {
 	jsonResult := runner.ListGlobalSkillsJSON()
 	if jsonResult != nil && jsonResult.Err == nil {

internal/skillscheck/sync_test.go

@@ -30,6 +30,19 @@ lark-cli-harness:dev@0.1.0
 	}
 }
 
+func TestParseOfficialSkillsListAcceptsNonLarkOfficialNames(t *testing.T) {
+	input := `Available Skills
+│    lark-calendar
+│    official-shared
+│    bad/name
+`
+	got := ParseSkillsList(input)
+	want := []string{"lark-calendar", "official-shared"}
+	if !reflect.DeepEqual(got, want) {
+		t.Fatalf("ParseSkillsList() (Available Skills) = %#v, want %#v", got, want)
+	}
+}
+
 func TestParseGlobalSkillsList(t *testing.T) {
 	input := `Global Skills
 
@@ -110,6 +123,43 @@ func TestParseGlobalSkillsJSONInvalidOrUnsupported(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestParseOfficialSkillsIndexJSON(t *testing.T) {
+	input := `{
+  "skills": [
+    {"name":"lark-calendar","description":"Calendar","files":["SKILL.md"]},
+    {"name":"lark-mail","description":"Mail","files":["SKILL.md","references/lark-mail-search.md"]},
+    {"name":"  lark-base  ","description":"Base","files":[]},
+    {"name":"lark-calendar","description":"duplicate","files":["SKILL.md"]},
+    {"name":"custom-skill","description":"not official","files":["SKILL.md"]},
+    {"name":"bad skill","description":"invalid","files":["SKILL.md"]},
+    {"name":"","description":"empty","files":["SKILL.md"]}
+  ]
+}`
+	got, err := ParseOfficialSkillsIndexJSON(input)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("ParseOfficialSkillsIndexJSON() err = %v, want nil", err)
+	}
+	want := []string{"custom-skill", "lark-base", "lark-calendar", "lark-mail"}
+	if !reflect.DeepEqual(got, want) {
+		t.Fatalf("ParseOfficialSkillsIndexJSON() = %#v, want %#v", got, want)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestParseOfficialSkillsIndexJSONInvalidOrUnsupported(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, input := range []string{
+		`not json`,
+		`[{"name":"lark-calendar"}]`,
+		`{"name":"lark-calendar"}`,
+		`{"skills":[]}`,
+		`{"skills":[{"name":"bad skill"}]}`,
+	} {
+		got, err := ParseOfficialSkillsIndexJSON(input)
+		if err == nil && len(got) != 0 {
+			t.Fatalf("ParseOfficialSkillsIndexJSON(%q) = %#v, want empty", input, got)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 func TestPlanNormal_WithReadableStatePreservesDeletedAndAddsNew(t *testing.T) {
 	previous := &SkillsState{OfficialSkills: []string{"lark-calendar", "lark-mail"}}
 	got := PlanSync(SyncInput{
@@ -156,9 +206,11 @@ func TestPlanForceRestoresAllOfficial(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 type fakeSkillsRunner struct {
+	officialIndexOut string
 	officialOut      string
 	globalJSONOut    string
 	globalOut        string
+	officialIndexErr error
 	officialErr      error
 	globalJSONErr    error
 	globalErr        error
@@ -166,6 +218,8 @@ type fakeSkillsRunner struct {
 	installAllErr    error
 	installed        [][]string
 	installedAll     int
+	listedIndex      int
+	listedOfficial   int
 	listedGlobalJSON int
 	listedGlobalText int
 }
@@ -181,6 +235,19 @@ func officialSkillsOutput(names ...string) string {
 	return b.String()
 }
 
+func officialSkillsIndexOutput(names ...string) string {
+	var b strings.Builder
+	b.WriteString(`{"skills":[`)
+	for i, name := range names {
+		if i > 0 {
+			b.WriteString(",")
+		}
+		fmt.Fprintf(&b, `{"name":%q,"description":"test skill","files":["SKILL.md"]}`, name)
+	}
+	b.WriteString(`]}`)
+	return b.String()
+}
+
 func globalSkillsOutput(names ...string) string {
 	var b strings.Builder
 	b.WriteString("Global Skills\n\n")
@@ -206,7 +273,16 @@ func globalSkillsJSONOutput(names ...string) string {
 	return b.String()
 }
 
+func (f *fakeSkillsRunner) ListOfficialSkillsIndex() *selfupdate.NpmResult {
+	f.listedIndex++
+	r := &selfupdate.NpmResult{}
+	r.Stdout.WriteString(f.officialIndexOut)
+	r.Err = f.officialIndexErr
+	return r
+}
+
 func (f *fakeSkillsRunner) ListOfficialSkills() *selfupdate.NpmResult {
+	f.listedOfficial++
 	r := &selfupdate.NpmResult{}
 	r.Stdout.WriteString(f.officialOut)
 	r.Err = f.officialErr
@@ -255,9 +331,10 @@ func TestSyncSkills_WritesStateAndDoesNotWriteStamp(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	runner := &fakeSkillsRunner{
-		officialOut:   officialSkillsOutput("lark-calendar", "lark-mail", "lark-new"),
-		globalJSONOut: globalSkillsJSONOutput("lark-calendar", "lark-custom"),
-		globalOut:     globalSkillsOutput("lark-mail"),
+		officialIndexOut: officialSkillsIndexOutput("lark-calendar", "lark-mail", "lark-new"),
+		officialOut:      officialSkillsOutput("lark-calendar", "lark-mail", "lark-new"),
+		globalJSONOut:    globalSkillsJSONOutput("lark-calendar", "lark-custom"),
+		globalOut:        globalSkillsOutput("lark-mail"),
 	}
 	result := SyncSkills(SyncOptions{
 		Version: "1.0.33",
@@ -289,12 +366,119 @@ func TestSyncSkills_WritesStateAndDoesNotWriteStamp(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestSyncSkills_OfficialIndexSuccessSkipsOfficialListCommand(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", dir)
+	runner := &fakeSkillsRunner{
+		officialIndexOut: officialSkillsIndexOutput("lark-calendar", "lark-mail", "lark-new"),
+		officialOut:      officialSkillsOutput("lark-should-not-be-used"),
+		globalJSONOut:    globalSkillsJSONOutput("lark-calendar"),
+		globalOut:        globalSkillsOutput("lark-mail"),
+	}
+
+	result := SyncSkills(SyncOptions{Version: "1.0.33", Runner: runner, Now: time.Now})
+	if result.Err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("SyncSkills() err = %v, want nil", result.Err)
+	}
+	assertStrings(t, result.Official, []string{"lark-calendar", "lark-mail", "lark-new"})
+	assertStrings(t, runner.installed[0], []string{"lark-calendar", "lark-mail", "lark-new"})
+	if runner.listedIndex != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("listedIndex = %d, want 1", runner.listedIndex)
+	}
+	if runner.listedOfficial != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("listedOfficial = %d, want 0 when index succeeds", runner.listedOfficial)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSyncSkills_OfficialIndexFailureFallsBackToOfficialList(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", dir)
+	runner := &fakeSkillsRunner{
+		officialIndexErr: fmt.Errorf("index unavailable"),
+		officialOut:      officialSkillsOutput("lark-calendar", "lark-mail"),
+		globalJSONOut:    globalSkillsJSONOutput("lark-calendar"),
+	}
+
+	result := SyncSkills(SyncOptions{Version: "1.0.33", Runner: runner, Now: time.Now})
+	if result.Err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("SyncSkills() err = %v, want nil", result.Err)
+	}
+	assertStrings(t, result.Official, []string{"lark-calendar", "lark-mail"})
+	if runner.listedIndex != 1 || runner.listedOfficial != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("listed index/official = %d/%d, want 1/1", runner.listedIndex, runner.listedOfficial)
+	}
+	if runner.installedAll != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("installedAll = %d, want 0", runner.installedAll)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSyncSkills_OfficialIndexEmptyFallsBackToOfficialList(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", dir)
+	runner := &fakeSkillsRunner{
+		officialIndexOut: `{"skills":[]}`,
+		officialOut:      officialSkillsOutput("lark-calendar", "lark-mail"),
+		globalJSONOut:    globalSkillsJSONOutput("lark-calendar"),
+	}
+
+	result := SyncSkills(SyncOptions{Version: "1.0.33", Runner: runner, Now: time.Now})
+	if result.Err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("SyncSkills() err = %v, want nil", result.Err)
+	}
+	assertStrings(t, result.Official, []string{"lark-calendar", "lark-mail"})
+	if runner.listedIndex != 1 || runner.listedOfficial != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("listed index/official = %d/%d, want 1/1", runner.listedIndex, runner.listedOfficial)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSyncSkills_OfficialDiscoveryFailuresFallBackToFullInstallWithReasons(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", dir)
+	runner := &fakeSkillsRunner{
+		officialIndexErr: fmt.Errorf("index unavailable"),
+		officialErr:      fmt.Errorf("list failed"),
+		installAllErr:    nil,
+	}
+
+	result := SyncSkills(SyncOptions{Version: "1.0.33", Runner: runner, Now: time.Now})
+	if result.Action != "fallback_synced" {
+		t.Fatalf("SyncSkills() action = %q, want fallback_synced", result.Action)
+	}
+	if runner.installedAll != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("installedAll = %d, want 1", runner.installedAll)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(result.Detail, "official skills index failed") || !strings.Contains(result.Detail, "official skills list failed") {
+		t.Fatalf("SyncSkills() detail = %q, want both discovery failure reasons", result.Detail)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSyncSkills_OfficialDiscoveryEmptyFallsBackToFullInstallWithReasons(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", dir)
+	runner := &fakeSkillsRunner{
+		officialIndexOut: `{"skills":[]}`,
+		installAllErr:    nil,
+	}
+
+	result := SyncSkills(SyncOptions{Version: "1.0.33", Runner: runner, Now: time.Now})
+	if result.Action != "fallback_synced" {
+		t.Fatalf("SyncSkills() action = %q, want fallback_synced", result.Action)
+	}
+	if runner.installedAll != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("installedAll = %d, want 1", runner.installedAll)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(result.Detail, "official skills index contains no skills") || !strings.Contains(result.Detail, "official skills list returned no skills") {
+		t.Fatalf("SyncSkills() detail = %q, want both empty discovery reasons", result.Detail)
+	}
+}
+
 func TestSyncSkills_ListOfficialFailureFallsBackToFullInstall(t *testing.T) {
 	dir := t.TempDir()
 	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", dir)
 	runner := &fakeSkillsRunner{
-		officialErr:   fmt.Errorf("list failed"),
-		installAllErr: nil,
+		officialIndexErr: fmt.Errorf("index unavailable"),
+		officialErr:      fmt.Errorf("list failed"),
+		installAllErr:    nil,
 	}
 
 	result := SyncSkills(SyncOptions{Version: "1.0.33", Runner: runner, Now: time.Now})
@@ -322,8 +506,9 @@ func TestSyncSkills_ListOfficialFailureAndFullInstallFails(t *testing.T) {
 	dir := t.TempDir()
 	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", dir)
 	runner := &fakeSkillsRunner{
-		officialErr:   fmt.Errorf("list failed"),
-		installAllErr: fmt.Errorf("full install failed"),
+		officialIndexErr: fmt.Errorf("index unavailable"),
+		officialErr:      fmt.Errorf("list failed"),
+		installAllErr:    fmt.Errorf("full install failed"),
 	}
 
 	result := SyncSkills(SyncOptions{Version: "1.0.33", Runner: runner, Now: time.Now})
@@ -342,9 +527,10 @@ func TestSyncSkills_GlobalJSONFailureFallsBackToTextList(t *testing.T) {
 	dir := t.TempDir()
 	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", dir)
 	runner := &fakeSkillsRunner{
-		officialOut:   officialSkillsOutput("lark-calendar", "lark-mail"),
-		globalJSONErr: fmt.Errorf("json list failed"),
-		globalOut:     globalSkillsOutput("lark-calendar"),
+		officialIndexOut: officialSkillsIndexOutput("lark-calendar", "lark-mail"),
+		officialOut:      officialSkillsOutput("lark-calendar", "lark-mail"),
+		globalJSONErr:    fmt.Errorf("json list failed"),
+		globalOut:        globalSkillsOutput("lark-calendar"),
 	}
 
 	result := SyncSkills(SyncOptions{Version: "1.0.33", Runner: runner, Now: time.Now})
@@ -367,9 +553,10 @@ func TestSyncSkills_LocalListsFailureFallsBackToFullInstall(t *testing.T) {
 	dir := t.TempDir()
 	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", dir)
 	runner := &fakeSkillsRunner{
-		officialOut:   officialSkillsOutput("lark-calendar", "lark-mail"),
-		globalJSONErr: fmt.Errorf("json list failed with /Users/example/.agents/skills/lark-calendar agents Codex"),
-		globalErr:     fmt.Errorf("text list failed with /Users/example/.agents/skills/lark-mail agents Codex"),
+		officialIndexOut: officialSkillsIndexOutput("lark-calendar", "lark-mail"),
+		officialOut:      officialSkillsOutput("lark-calendar", "lark-mail"),
+		globalJSONErr:    fmt.Errorf("json list failed with /Users/example/.agents/skills/lark-calendar agents Codex"),
+		globalErr:        fmt.Errorf("text list failed with /Users/example/.agents/skills/lark-mail agents Codex"),
 	}
 
 	result := SyncSkills(SyncOptions{Version: "1.0.33", Runner: runner, Now: time.Now})
@@ -391,9 +578,10 @@ func TestSyncSkills_ParseEmptyLocalListsFallBackToFullInstall(t *testing.T) {
 	dir := t.TempDir()
 	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", dir)
 	runner := &fakeSkillsRunner{
-		officialOut:   officialSkillsOutput("lark-calendar", "lark-mail"),
-		globalJSONOut: `[]`,
-		globalOut:     "Some unrecognized output format\n",
+		officialIndexOut: officialSkillsIndexOutput("lark-calendar", "lark-mail"),
+		officialOut:      officialSkillsOutput("lark-calendar", "lark-mail"),
+		globalJSONOut:    `[]`,
+		globalOut:        "Some unrecognized output format\n",
 	}
 
 	result := SyncSkills(SyncOptions{Version: "1.0.33", Runner: runner, Now: time.Now})
@@ -420,9 +608,10 @@ func TestSyncSkills_EmptyToUpdateFallsBackToFullInstall(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	runner := &fakeSkillsRunner{
-		officialOut:   officialSkillsOutput("lark-calendar", "lark-mail"),
-		globalOut:     globalSkillsOutput(),
-		installAllErr: nil,
+		officialIndexOut: officialSkillsIndexOutput("lark-calendar", "lark-mail"),
+		officialOut:      officialSkillsOutput("lark-calendar", "lark-mail"),
+		globalOut:        globalSkillsOutput(),
+		installAllErr:    nil,
 	}
 
 	result := SyncSkills(SyncOptions{Version: "1.0.33", Runner: runner, Now: time.Now})
@@ -445,11 +634,12 @@ func TestSyncSkills_InstallFailureFallsBackToFullInstall(t *testing.T) {
 	dir := t.TempDir()
 	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", dir)
 	runner := &fakeSkillsRunner{
-		officialOut:   officialSkillsOutput("lark-calendar", "lark-mail"),
-		globalJSONOut: globalSkillsJSONOutput("lark-calendar", "lark-mail"),
-		globalOut:     globalSkillsOutput("lark-calendar", "lark-mail"),
-		installErr:    fmt.Errorf("incremental boom"),
-		installAllErr: nil,
+		officialIndexOut: officialSkillsIndexOutput("lark-calendar", "lark-mail"),
+		officialOut:      officialSkillsOutput("lark-calendar", "lark-mail"),
+		globalJSONOut:    globalSkillsJSONOutput("lark-calendar", "lark-mail"),
+		globalOut:        globalSkillsOutput("lark-calendar", "lark-mail"),
+		installErr:       fmt.Errorf("incremental boom"),
+		installAllErr:    nil,
 	}
 
 	result := SyncSkills(SyncOptions{Version: "1.0.33", Runner: runner, Now: time.Now})
@@ -477,11 +667,12 @@ func TestSyncSkills_InstallFailureAndFullInstallFails(t *testing.T) {
 	dir := t.TempDir()
 	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", dir)
 	runner := &fakeSkillsRunner{
-		officialOut:   officialSkillsOutput("lark-calendar", "lark-mail"),
-		globalJSONOut: globalSkillsJSONOutput("lark-calendar", "lark-mail"),
-		globalOut:     globalSkillsOutput("lark-calendar", "lark-mail"),
-		installErr:    fmt.Errorf("incremental boom"),
-		installAllErr: fmt.Errorf("full install boom"),
+		officialIndexOut: officialSkillsIndexOutput("lark-calendar", "lark-mail"),
+		officialOut:      officialSkillsOutput("lark-calendar", "lark-mail"),
+		globalJSONOut:    globalSkillsJSONOutput("lark-calendar", "lark-mail"),
+		globalOut:        globalSkillsOutput("lark-calendar", "lark-mail"),
+		installErr:       fmt.Errorf("incremental boom"),
+		installAllErr:    fmt.Errorf("full install boom"),
 	}
 
 	result := SyncSkills(SyncOptions{Version: "1.0.33", Runner: runner, Now: time.Now})
@@ -510,8 +701,9 @@ func TestSyncSkills_ParseEmptyWithNonEmptyStdoutFallsBack(t *testing.T) {
 	dir := t.TempDir()
 	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", dir)
 	runner := &fakeSkillsRunner{
-		officialOut:   "Some unrecognized output format\n",
-		installAllErr: nil,
+		officialIndexErr: fmt.Errorf("index unavailable"),
+		officialOut:      "Some unrecognized output format\n",
+		installAllErr:    nil,
 	}
 
 	result := SyncSkills(SyncOptions{Version: "1.0.33", Runner: runner, Now: time.Now})
@@ -527,8 +719,9 @@ func TestSyncSkills_ParseEmptyWithNonEmptyStdoutAndFullInstallFails(t *testing.T
 	dir := t.TempDir()
 	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", dir)
 	runner := &fakeSkillsRunner{
-		officialOut:   "Some unrecognized output format\n",
-		installAllErr: fmt.Errorf("full install failed"),
+		officialIndexErr: fmt.Errorf("index unavailable"),
+		officialOut:      "Some unrecognized output format\n",
+		installAllErr:    fmt.Errorf("full install failed"),
 	}
 
 	result := SyncSkills(SyncOptions{Version: "1.0.33", Runner: runner, Now: time.Now})
@@ -551,8 +744,9 @@ func TestSyncSkills_FallbackWithUnknownOfficialWritesMinimalState(t *testing.T)
 	dir := t.TempDir()
 	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", dir)
 	runner := &fakeSkillsRunner{
-		officialOut:   "Some unrecognized output format\n",
-		installAllErr: nil,
+		officialIndexErr: fmt.Errorf("index unavailable"),
+		officialOut:      "Some unrecognized output format\n",
+		installAllErr:    nil,
 	}
 
 	result := SyncSkills(SyncOptions{Version: "1.0.33", Runner: runner, Now: time.Now})
@@ -576,11 +770,12 @@ func TestSyncSkills_FallbackWithKnownOfficialWritesFullState(t *testing.T) {
 	dir := t.TempDir()
 	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", dir)
 	runner := &fakeSkillsRunner{
-		officialOut:   officialSkillsOutput("lark-calendar", "lark-mail"),
-		globalJSONOut: globalSkillsJSONOutput("lark-calendar", "lark-mail"),
-		globalOut:     globalSkillsOutput("lark-calendar", "lark-mail"),
-		installErr:    fmt.Errorf("incremental boom"),
-		installAllErr: nil,
+		officialIndexOut: officialSkillsIndexOutput("lark-calendar", "lark-mail"),
+		officialOut:      officialSkillsOutput("lark-calendar", "lark-mail"),
+		globalJSONOut:    globalSkillsJSONOutput("lark-calendar", "lark-mail"),
+		globalOut:        globalSkillsOutput("lark-calendar", "lark-mail"),
+		installErr:       fmt.Errorf("incremental boom"),
+		installAllErr:    nil,
 	}
 
 	result := SyncSkills(SyncOptions{Version: "1.0.33", Runner: runner, Now: time.Now})
@@ -601,11 +796,12 @@ func TestSyncSkills_FallbackResultContainsMetadata(t *testing.T) {
 	dir := t.TempDir()
 	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", dir)
 	runner := &fakeSkillsRunner{
-		officialOut:   officialSkillsOutput("lark-calendar", "lark-mail"),
-		globalJSONOut: globalSkillsJSONOutput("lark-calendar", "lark-mail"),
-		globalOut:     globalSkillsOutput("lark-calendar", "lark-mail"),
-		installErr:    fmt.Errorf("incremental boom"),
-		installAllErr: nil,
+		officialIndexOut: officialSkillsIndexOutput("lark-calendar", "lark-mail"),
+		officialOut:      officialSkillsOutput("lark-calendar", "lark-mail"),
+		globalJSONOut:    globalSkillsJSONOutput("lark-calendar", "lark-mail"),
+		globalOut:        globalSkillsOutput("lark-calendar", "lark-mail"),
+		installErr:       fmt.Errorf("incremental boom"),
+		installAllErr:    nil,
 	}
 
 	result := SyncSkills(SyncOptions{Version: "1.0.33", Runner: runner, Now: time.Now})
@@ -625,8 +821,9 @@ func TestSyncSkills_FallbackBreaksDegradationLoop(t *testing.T) {
 	dir := t.TempDir()
 	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", dir)
 	runner := &fakeSkillsRunner{
-		officialErr:   fmt.Errorf("list failed"),
-		installAllErr: nil,
+		officialIndexErr: fmt.Errorf("index unavailable"),
+		officialErr:      fmt.Errorf("list failed"),
+		installAllErr:    nil,
 	}
 
 	result1 := SyncSkills(SyncOptions{Version: "1.0.33", Runner: runner, Now: time.Now})
@@ -643,9 +840,10 @@ func TestSyncSkills_FallbackBreaksDegradationLoop(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	runner2 := &fakeSkillsRunner{
-		officialOut:   officialSkillsOutput("lark-calendar", "lark-mail"),
-		globalJSONOut: globalSkillsJSONOutput("lark-calendar", "lark-mail"),
-		globalOut:     globalSkillsOutput("lark-calendar", "lark-mail"),
+		officialIndexOut: officialSkillsIndexOutput("lark-calendar", "lark-mail"),
+		officialOut:      officialSkillsOutput("lark-calendar", "lark-mail"),
+		globalJSONOut:    globalSkillsJSONOutput("lark-calendar", "lark-mail"),
+		globalOut:        globalSkillsOutput("lark-calendar", "lark-mail"),
 	}
 	result2 := SyncSkills(SyncOptions{Version: "1.0.33", Runner: runner2, Now: time.Now})
 	if result2.Action != "synced" {

lint/errscontract/rule_no_legacy_common_helper_call.go

@@ -15,10 +15,20 @@ import (
 // legacy validation/save helpers are forbidden; callers must use the typed
 // common replacements or construct an errs.* typed error directly.
 var migratedCommonHelperPaths = []string{
+	"cmd/event/",
+	"events/",
+	"internal/event/consume/",
 	"shortcuts/base/",
-	"shortcuts/drive/",
-	"shortcuts/mail/",
 	"shortcuts/calendar/",
+	"shortcuts/contact/",
+	"shortcuts/drive/",
+	"shortcuts/event/",
+	"shortcuts/mail/",
+	"shortcuts/minutes/",
+	"shortcuts/okr/",
+	"shortcuts/task/",
+	"shortcuts/vc/",
+	"shortcuts/whiteboard/",
 }
 
 const commonImportPath = "github.com/larksuite/cli/shortcuts/common"

lint/errscontract/rule_no_legacy_envelope_literal.go

@@ -16,10 +16,21 @@ import (
 // call sites must return a typed errs.* error instead. Future domains opt in by
 // appending their path prefix here.
 var migratedEnvelopePaths = []string{
+	"cmd/event/",
+	"events/",
+	"internal/event/consume/",
 	"shortcuts/base/",
-	"shortcuts/drive/",
-	"shortcuts/mail/",
 	"shortcuts/calendar/",
+	"shortcuts/contact/",
+	"shortcuts/drive/",
+	"shortcuts/event/",
+	"shortcuts/mail/",
+	"shortcuts/minutes/",
+	"shortcuts/okr/",
+	"shortcuts/task/",
+	"shortcuts/vc/",
+	"shortcuts/whiteboard/",
+	"shortcuts/im/",
 }
 
 // legacyOutputImportPath is the import path of the package that declares the

lint/errscontract/rule_no_legacy_runtime_api_call.go

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ import (
 // forbidigo's errs-typed-only ban does not see them because they are method
 // calls, not output.Err* identifiers — this AST rule covers that gap.
 //
-// Migrated code must call a typed API wrapper (e.g. drive's driveCallAPI) or use
+// Migrated code must call the domain's typed API wrapper or use
 // runtime.DoAPI + errclass.BuildAPIError directly, so failures classify into
 // typed errs.* errors.
 //
@@ -27,6 +27,11 @@ import (
 // is not matched. runtime.DoAPI / runtime.RawAPI are intentionally not listed:
 // they return the raw response for the caller to classify and do not emit a
 // legacy envelope themselves.
+//
+// Files that do not import shortcuts/common are skipped: the legacy helpers
+// are methods on common.RuntimeContext, so a same-named method on another
+// receiver (for example the event domain's APIClient interface, whose
+// implementation classifies into typed errs.* errors) is not a legacy call.
 func CheckNoLegacyRuntimeAPICall(path, src string) []Violation {
 	if !isMigratedEnvelopePath(path) || strings.HasSuffix(path, "_test.go") {
 		return nil
@@ -36,6 +41,9 @@ func CheckNoLegacyRuntimeAPICall(path, src string) []Violation {
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil
 	}
+	if !importsPath(file, commonImportPath) {
+		return nil
+	}
 	var out []Violation
 	ast.Inspect(file, func(n ast.Node) bool {
 		call, ok := n.(*ast.CallExpr)
@@ -53,7 +61,7 @@ func CheckNoLegacyRuntimeAPICall(path, src string) []Violation {
 				File:    path,
 				Line:    fset.Position(call.Pos()).Line,
 				Message: "runtime." + name + " emits a legacy output.ExitError api_error envelope and downgrades typed network/auth boundary errors; it is forbidden on migrated paths",
-				Suggestion: "call the domain's typed API wrapper (e.g. driveCallAPI) or runtime.DoAPI + errclass.BuildAPIError " +
+				Suggestion: "call the domain's typed API wrapper (for example driveCallAPI or callTaskAPITyped) or runtime.DoAPI + errclass.BuildAPIError " +
 					"so failures classify into typed errs.* errors",
 			})
 		}
@@ -71,3 +79,16 @@ func matchLegacyRuntimeAPIMethod(name string) (string, bool) {
 	}
 	return "", false
 }
+
+// importsPath reports whether the file imports the given package path.
+func importsPath(file *ast.File, importPath string) bool {
+	for _, imp := range file.Imports {
+		if imp.Path == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		if strings.Trim(imp.Path.Value, "`\"") == importPath {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}

lint/errscontract/rules_test.go

@@ -618,6 +618,35 @@ func boom() error {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestCheckNoLegacyEnvelopeLiteral_RejectsExitErrorLiteralOnMigratedShortcutPaths(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, path := range []string{
+		"shortcuts/okr/okr_image_upload.go",
+		"shortcuts/task/task_update.go",
+		"shortcuts/whiteboard/whiteboard_update.go",
+	} {
+		t.Run(path, func(t *testing.T) {
+			src := `package migrated
+
+import "github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/output"
+
+func boom() error {
+	return &output.ExitError{Code: 1}
+}
+`
+			v := CheckNoLegacyEnvelopeLiteral(path, src)
+			if len(v) != 1 {
+				t.Fatalf("expected 1 violation, got %d: %+v", len(v), v)
+			}
+			if v[0].Action != ActionReject {
+				t.Errorf("action = %q, want REJECT", v[0].Action)
+			}
+			if !strings.Contains(v[0].Message, "ExitError") {
+				t.Errorf("message should name the legacy type: %s", v[0].Message)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
 func TestCheckNoLegacyEnvelopeLiteral_RejectsErrDetailLiteralOnDrivePath(t *testing.T) {
 	src := `package drive
 
@@ -662,7 +691,7 @@ func boom() error {
 	return &output.ExitError{Code: 1}
 }
 `
-	v := CheckNoLegacyEnvelopeLiteral("shortcuts/im/foo.go", src)
+	v := CheckNoLegacyEnvelopeLiteral("shortcuts/unmigrated/foo.go", src)
 	if len(v) != 0 {
 		t.Errorf("non-migrated path should pass, got: %+v", v)
 	}
@@ -784,6 +813,8 @@ func boom() error {
 func TestCheckNoLegacyRuntimeAPICall_RejectsCallAPIOnDrivePath(t *testing.T) {
 	src := `package drive
 
+import "github.com/larksuite/cli/shortcuts/common"
+
 func boom(runtime *common.RuntimeContext) error {
 	_, err := runtime.CallAPI("POST", "/x", nil, nil)
 	return err
@@ -801,9 +832,33 @@ func boom(runtime *common.RuntimeContext) error {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestCheckNoLegacyRuntimeAPICall_RejectsCallAPIOnTaskPath(t *testing.T) {
+	src := `package task
+
+import "github.com/larksuite/cli/shortcuts/common"
+
+func boom(runtime *common.RuntimeContext) error {
+	_, err := runtime.CallAPI("POST", "/x", nil, nil)
+	return err
+}
+`
+	v := CheckNoLegacyRuntimeAPICall("shortcuts/task/task_update.go", src)
+	if len(v) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 1 violation, got %d: %+v", len(v), v)
+	}
+	if v[0].Action != ActionReject {
+		t.Errorf("action = %q, want REJECT", v[0].Action)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(v[0].Message, "CallAPI") {
+		t.Errorf("message should name the legacy method: %s", v[0].Message)
+	}
+}
+
 func TestCheckNoLegacyRuntimeAPICall_RejectsDoAPIJSONWithLogIDOnDrivePath(t *testing.T) {
 	src := `package drive
 
+import "github.com/larksuite/cli/shortcuts/common"
+
 func boom(runtime *common.RuntimeContext) error {
 	_, err := runtime.DoAPIJSONWithLogID("POST", "/x", nil, nil)
 	return err
@@ -851,14 +906,14 @@ func boom(runtime *common.RuntimeContext) error {
 }
 
 func TestCheckNoLegacyRuntimeAPICall_IgnoresNonMigratedPath(t *testing.T) {
-	src := `package im
+	src := `package contact
 
 func boom(runtime *common.RuntimeContext) error {
 	_, err := runtime.CallAPI("POST", "/x", nil, nil)
 	return err
 }
 `
-	v := CheckNoLegacyRuntimeAPICall("shortcuts/im/im_send.go", src)
+	v := CheckNoLegacyRuntimeAPICall("shortcuts/unmigrated/sample.go", src)
 	if len(v) != 0 {
 		t.Errorf("non-migrated path must not fire, got: %+v", v)
 	}
@@ -897,6 +952,9 @@ func TestCheckNoLegacyCommonHelperCall_RejectsLegacyHelpersOnMigratedPath(t *tes
 	paths := []string{
 		"shortcuts/drive/drive_search.go",
 		"shortcuts/mail/mail_send.go",
+		"shortcuts/okr/okr_progress_create.go",
+		"shortcuts/task/task_update.go",
+		"shortcuts/whiteboard/whiteboard_query.go",
 	}
 	for _, path := range paths {
 		for _, helper := range helpers {
@@ -946,7 +1004,7 @@ func boom() {
 }
 
 func TestCheckNoLegacyCommonHelperCall_AllowsNonMigratedPath(t *testing.T) {
-	src := `package im
+	src := `package contact
 
 import "github.com/larksuite/cli/shortcuts/common"
 
@@ -954,7 +1012,7 @@ func boom() {
 	common.FlagErrorf("legacy allowed until domain migrates")
 }
 `
-	v := CheckNoLegacyCommonHelperCall("shortcuts/im/im_send.go", src)
+	v := CheckNoLegacyCommonHelperCall("shortcuts/unmigrated/sample.go", src)
 	if len(v) != 0 {
 		t.Errorf("non-migrated path must pass, got: %+v", v)
 	}
@@ -1024,3 +1082,23 @@ func boom() error {
 		t.Fatalf("expected 1 violation for function-value reference, got %d: %+v", len(v), v)
 	}
 }
+
+func TestCheckNoLegacyRuntimeAPICall_SkipsNonCommonReceiver(t *testing.T) {
+	// The event domain's APIClient interface has a same-named CallAPI method
+	// whose implementation classifies into typed errs.* errors; without the
+	// shortcuts/common import the call cannot be the legacy RuntimeContext
+	// helper and must not fire.
+	src := `package vc
+
+import "github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/event"
+
+func boom(rt event.APIClient) error {
+	_, err := rt.CallAPI(nil, "POST", "/x", nil)
+	return err
+}
+`
+	v := CheckNoLegacyRuntimeAPICall("events/vc/preconsume.go", src)
+	if len(v) != 0 {
+		t.Errorf("non-common CallAPI receiver must not fire, got: %+v", v)
+	}
+}

package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@larksuite/cli",
-  "version": "1.0.48",
+  "version": "1.0.49",
   "description": "The official CLI for Lark/Feishu open platform",
   "bin": {
     "lark-cli": "scripts/run.js"

shortcuts/common/call_api_typed_test.go

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/client"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/httpmock"
@@ -198,3 +199,58 @@ func TestCallAPITyped_NonObjectJSON(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Errorf("subtype = %q, want %q", intErr.Subtype, errs.SubtypeInvalidResponse)
 	}
 }
+
+// TestDoAPIJSONTyped_Success returns the data object on code 0, confirming the
+// typed DoAPIJSON replacement preserves the success contract of DoAPIJSON.
+func TestDoAPIJSONTyped_Success(t *testing.T) {
+	rt, reg := newCallAPITypedRuntime(t)
+	reg.Register(&httpmock.Stub{
+		Method: "GET",
+		URL:    "/open-apis/x/z",
+		Body:   map[string]interface{}{"code": float64(0), "data": map[string]interface{}{"id": "z1"}},
+	})
+
+	data, err := rt.DoAPIJSONTyped("GET", "/open-apis/x/z", nil, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+	}
+	if data["id"] != "z1" {
+		t.Errorf("data[id] = %v, want z1", data["id"])
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDoAPIJSONTyped_RawClientErrorBecomesTypedInternal(t *testing.T) {
+	rt := TestNewRuntimeContextForAPI(context.Background(), &cobra.Command{Use: "+x"}, &core.CliConfig{}, nil, core.AsUser)
+	rt.apiClientFunc = func() (*client.APIClient, error) {
+		return nil, errors.New("raw client construction error")
+	}
+
+	_, err := rt.DoAPIJSONTyped("GET", "/open-apis/x/z", nil, nil)
+	var internalErr *errs.InternalError
+	if !errors.As(err, &internalErr) {
+		t.Fatalf("expected raw client errors to be lifted to typed internal errors, got %T: %v", err, err)
+	}
+	if internalErr.Subtype != errs.SubtypeUnknown {
+		t.Errorf("subtype = %q, want %q", internalErr.Subtype, errs.SubtypeUnknown)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestDoAPIJSONTyped_NonZeroCode classifies a non-zero API code into a typed
+// errs.* error (carrying log_id), never a legacy output.ExitError envelope.
+func TestDoAPIJSONTyped_NonZeroCode(t *testing.T) {
+	rt, reg := newCallAPITypedRuntime(t)
+	reg.Register(&httpmock.Stub{
+		Method: "POST",
+		URL:    "/open-apis/x/z",
+		Body:   map[string]interface{}{"code": float64(1061044), "msg": "boom", "log_id": "lz"},
+	})
+
+	_, err := rt.DoAPIJSONTyped("POST", "/open-apis/x/z", nil, map[string]any{})
+	p, ok := errs.ProblemOf(err)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("expected a typed errs.* error, got %T: %v", err, err)
+	}
+	if p.LogID != "lz" {
+		t.Errorf("LogID = %q, want lz", p.LogID)
+	}
+}

shortcuts/common/drive_meta.go

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ func FetchDriveMeta(runtime *RuntimeContext, token, docType string, withURL bool
 		body["with_url"] = true
 	}
 
-	data, err := runtime.CallAPI(
+	data, err := runtime.CallAPITyped(
 		"POST",
 		"/open-apis/drive/v1/metas/batch_query",
 		nil,

shortcuts/common/drive_meta_test.go

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ import (
 	"sync/atomic"
 	"testing"
 
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/httpmock"
@@ -103,6 +104,13 @@ func TestFetchDriveMetaTitle(t *testing.T) {
 		if err == nil {
 			t.Fatal("FetchDriveMetaTitle() expected error, got nil")
 		}
+		p, ok := errs.ProblemOf(err)
+		if !ok {
+			t.Fatalf("expected typed error, got %T", err)
+		}
+		if p.Code != 99991668 {
+			t.Fatalf("code = %d, want 99991668", p.Code)
+		}
 	})
 }
 

shortcuts/common/runner.go

@@ -492,6 +492,28 @@ func (ctx *RuntimeContext) DoAPIJSONWithLogID(method, apiPath string, query lark
 	return ctx.doAPIJSON(method, apiPath, query, body, true)
 }
 
+// DoAPIJSONTyped is the typed-only replacement for DoAPIJSON: it issues the same
+// larkcore.ApiReq request (identical method / path / query / body model) but
+// classifies failures into typed errs.* errors via ClassifyAPIResponse instead
+// of emitting a legacy output.ExitError "api_error" envelope. A transport / auth
+// error from the client boundary is already typed and passes through unchanged;
+// a non-zero API code is classified with subtype / code / log_id.
+func (ctx *RuntimeContext) DoAPIJSONTyped(method, apiPath string, query larkcore.QueryParams, body any) (map[string]any, error) {
+	req := &larkcore.ApiReq{
+		HttpMethod:  method,
+		ApiPath:     apiPath,
+		QueryParams: query,
+	}
+	if body != nil {
+		req.Body = body
+	}
+	resp, err := ctx.DoAPI(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, typedOrInternal(err)
+	}
+	return ctx.ClassifyAPIResponse(resp)
+}
+
 func (ctx *RuntimeContext) doAPIJSON(method, apiPath string, query larkcore.QueryParams, body any, includeLogID bool) (map[string]any, error) {
 	req := &larkcore.ApiReq{
 		HttpMethod:  method,
@@ -603,27 +625,6 @@ func (ctx *RuntimeContext) ResolveSavePath(path string) (string, error) {
 	return resolved, nil
 }
 
-// WrapSaveError matches a FileIO.Save error against known categories and wraps
-// it with the caller-provided message prefix, preserving backward-compatible
-// error text per shortcut.
-func WrapSaveError(err error, pathMsg, mkdirMsg, writeMsg string) error {
-	if err == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-	var me *fileio.MkdirError
-	var we *fileio.WriteError
-	switch {
-	case errors.Is(err, fileio.ErrPathValidation):
-		return fmt.Errorf("%s: %w", pathMsg, err)
-	case errors.As(err, &me):
-		return fmt.Errorf("%s: %w", mkdirMsg, err)
-	case errors.As(err, &we):
-		return fmt.Errorf("%s: %w", writeMsg, err)
-	default:
-		return fmt.Errorf("%s: %w", writeMsg, err)
-	}
-}
-
 // WrapOpenError matches a FileIO.Open/Stat error and wraps it with the
 // caller-provided message prefix.
 func WrapOpenError(err error, pathMsg, readMsg string) error {
@@ -703,6 +704,9 @@ func WrapSaveErrorTyped(err error) error {
 	if err == nil {
 		return nil
 	}
+	if _, ok := errs.ProblemOf(err); ok {
+		return err
+	}
 	var me *fileio.MkdirError
 	switch {
 	case errors.Is(err, fileio.ErrPathValidation):

shortcuts/common/userids.go

@@ -6,24 +6,8 @@ package common
 import (
 	"fmt"
 	"strings"
-
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/output"
 )
 
-// ResolveOpenIDs expands the special identifier "me" to the current user's
-// open_id, removes duplicates case-insensitively while preserving the
-// first-occurrence form, and returns nil for an empty input. flagName is
-// used in error messages to point the user at the offending CLI flag.
-//
-// Deprecated: use ResolveOpenIDsTyped for typed error envelopes.
-func ResolveOpenIDs(flagName string, ids []string, runtime *RuntimeContext) ([]string, error) {
-	out, msg := resolveOpenIDs(flagName, ids, runtime)
-	if msg != "" {
-		return nil, output.ErrValidation("%s", msg)
-	}
-	return out, nil
-}
-
 // ResolveOpenIDsTyped expands the special identifier "me" to the current
 // user's open_id, removes duplicates case-insensitively while preserving the
 // first-occurrence form, and returns nil for an empty input. flagName names

shortcuts/common/userids_test.go

@@ -17,9 +17,9 @@ func resolveOpenIDsTestRuntime(userOpenID string) *RuntimeContext {
 	return TestNewRuntimeContext(cmd, cfg)
 }
 
-func TestResolveOpenIDs_Empty(t *testing.T) {
+func TestResolveOpenIDsTyped_Empty(t *testing.T) {
 	rt := resolveOpenIDsTestRuntime("ou_self")
-	out, err := ResolveOpenIDs("--user-ids", nil, rt)
+	out, err := ResolveOpenIDsTyped("--user-ids", nil, rt)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
 	}
@@ -28,21 +28,9 @@ func TestResolveOpenIDs_Empty(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-func TestResolveOpenIDs_ExpandsMeAndDedups(t *testing.T) {
+func TestResolveOpenIDsTyped_MeIsCaseInsensitive(t *testing.T) {
 	rt := resolveOpenIDsTestRuntime("ou_self")
-	out, err := ResolveOpenIDs("--user-ids", []string{"me", "ou_a", "me", "ou_a"}, rt)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
-	}
-	want := []string{"ou_self", "ou_a"}
-	if len(out) != len(want) || out[0] != want[0] || out[1] != want[1] {
-		t.Fatalf("got %v, want %v", out, want)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestResolveOpenIDs_MeIsCaseInsensitive(t *testing.T) {
-	rt := resolveOpenIDsTestRuntime("ou_self")
-	out, err := ResolveOpenIDs("--user-ids", []string{"ou_other", "me", "Me", "ME"}, rt)
+	out, err := ResolveOpenIDsTyped("--user-ids", []string{"ou_other", "me", "Me", "ME"}, rt)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
 	}
@@ -52,22 +40,11 @@ func TestResolveOpenIDs_MeIsCaseInsensitive(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-func TestResolveOpenIDs_MeWithoutLogin(t *testing.T) {
-	rt := resolveOpenIDsTestRuntime("")
-	_, err := ResolveOpenIDs("--user-ids", []string{"me"}, rt)
-	if err == nil {
-		t.Fatal("expected validation error")
-	}
-	if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "--user-ids") {
-		t.Fatalf("error should mention the offending flag name; got: %v", err)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestResolveOpenIDs_DedupIsCaseInsensitive(t *testing.T) {
+func TestResolveOpenIDsTyped_DedupIsCaseInsensitive(t *testing.T) {
 	rt := resolveOpenIDsTestRuntime("ou_self")
 	// Same underlying open_id with three case variants — should collapse to
 	// one entry, preserving the first-occurrence form.
-	out, err := ResolveOpenIDs("--user-ids", []string{"ou_abc123", "OU_ABC123", "Ou_Abc123"}, rt)
+	out, err := ResolveOpenIDsTyped("--user-ids", []string{"ou_abc123", "OU_ABC123", "Ou_Abc123"}, rt)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
 	}

shortcuts/common/validate.go

@@ -106,25 +106,6 @@ func ExactlyOneTyped(rt *RuntimeContext, flags ...string) error {
 	return MutuallyExclusiveTyped(rt, flags...)
 }
 
-// ValidatePageSize validates that the named flag (if set) is an integer within [minVal, maxVal].
-// It returns the parsed value (or defaultVal if the flag is empty) and any validation error.
-//
-// Deprecated: use ValidatePageSizeTyped for typed error envelopes.
-func ValidatePageSize(rt *RuntimeContext, flagName string, defaultVal, minVal, maxVal int) (int, error) {
-	s := rt.Str(flagName)
-	if s == "" {
-		return defaultVal, nil
-	}
-	n, err := strconv.Atoi(s)
-	if err != nil {
-		return 0, FlagErrorf("invalid --%s %q: must be an integer", flagName, s)
-	}
-	if n < minVal || n > maxVal {
-		return 0, FlagErrorf("invalid --%s %d: must be between %d and %d", flagName, n, minVal, maxVal)
-	}
-	return n, nil
-}
-
 // ValidatePageSizeTyped validates that the named flag (if set) is an integer within [minVal, maxVal].
 // It returns the parsed value (or defaultVal if the flag is empty) and any validation error.
 func ValidatePageSizeTyped(rt *RuntimeContext, flagName string, defaultVal, minVal, maxVal int) (int, error) {

shortcuts/common/validate_ids.go

@@ -5,22 +5,8 @@ package common
 
 import (
 	"strings"
-
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/output"
 )
 
-// ValidateChatID checks if a chat ID has valid format (oc_ prefix).
-// Also extracts token from URL if provided.
-//
-// Deprecated: use ValidateChatIDTyped for typed error envelopes.
-func ValidateChatID(input string) (string, error) {
-	chatID, msg := normalizeChatID(input)
-	if msg != "" {
-		return "", output.ErrValidation("%s", msg)
-	}
-	return chatID, nil
-}
-
 // ValidateChatIDTyped checks if a chat ID has valid format (oc_ prefix).
 // Also extracts token from URL if provided. param names the flag being
 // validated (e.g. "--chat-ids") and is recorded on the typed error.
@@ -54,17 +40,6 @@ func normalizeChatID(input string) (string, string) {
 	return input, ""
 }
 
-// ValidateUserID checks if a user ID has valid format (ou_ prefix).
-//
-// Deprecated: use ValidateUserIDTyped for typed error envelopes.
-func ValidateUserID(input string) (string, error) {
-	userID, msg := normalizeUserID(input)
-	if msg != "" {
-		return "", output.ErrValidation("%s", msg)
-	}
-	return userID, nil
-}
-
 // ValidateUserIDTyped checks if a user ID has valid format (ou_ prefix).
 // param names the flag being validated (e.g. "--creator-ids") and is
 // recorded on the typed error.

shortcuts/common/validate_test.go

@@ -194,6 +194,21 @@ func TestWrapSaveErrorTyped_ClassifiesPathAndFileIO(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestWrapSaveErrorTyped_PreservesTypedWriteCause(t *testing.T) {
+	typed := errs.NewNetworkError(errs.SubtypeNetworkServer, "HTTP 500: chunk failed").
+		WithCode(500)
+	err := WrapSaveErrorTyped(&fileio.WriteError{Err: typed})
+
+	p, ok := errs.ProblemOf(err)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("expected typed problem, got %T: %v", err, err)
+	}
+	if p.Category != errs.CategoryNetwork || p.Subtype != errs.SubtypeNetworkServer || p.Code != 500 {
+		t.Fatalf("problem = category %q subtype %q code %d, want network/%s/500",
+			p.Category, p.Subtype, p.Code, errs.SubtypeNetworkServer)
+	}
+}
+
 func TestAtLeastOne(t *testing.T) {
 	tests := []struct {
 		name    string

shortcuts/contact/contact_errors.go

@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package contact
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"net/http"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
+)
+
+const contactFanoutRetryHint = "retry the command; if it persists, narrow --queries to a single term to isolate the failing input"
+
+func contactInvalidResponseError(format string, args ...any) *errs.InternalError {
+	return errs.NewInternalError(errs.SubtypeInvalidResponse, format, args...)
+}
+
+func contactFanoutErrorSummary(err error) string {
+	if p, ok := errs.ProblemOf(err); ok {
+		if p.Code >= 100 && p.Code < 600 {
+			prefix := fmt.Sprintf("HTTP %d:", p.Code)
+			body := strings.TrimSpace(strings.TrimPrefix(p.Message, prefix))
+			msg := fmt.Sprintf("HTTP %d %s", p.Code, http.StatusText(p.Code))
+			if body != "" {
+				msg = fmt.Sprintf("%s: %s", msg, contactTruncateError(body, 200))
+			}
+			return msg
+		}
+		if p.Code != 0 {
+			return fmt.Sprintf("API %d: %s", p.Code, p.Message)
+		}
+		return p.Message
+	}
+	return err.Error()
+}
+
+// contactFanoutAllFailedError builds the top-level error returned when every
+// fanout query fails. It mirrors the representative (first) failure's
+// classification — category, subtype, code, log_id, retryable, hint — so the
+// exit-code classifier still sees the real signal, while carrying the aggregate
+// message. The representative error is copied (never mutated) and kept as the
+// cause, so a single-query problem object is not rewritten into an aggregate one.
+func contactFanoutAllFailedError(err error, msg string) error {
+	var (
+		apiErr *errs.APIError
+		netErr *errs.NetworkError
+		intErr *errs.InternalError
+	)
+	switch {
+	case errors.As(err, &apiErr):
+		c := *apiErr
+		c.Message = msg
+		c.Cause = err
+		return &c
+	case errors.As(err, &netErr):
+		c := *netErr
+		c.Message = msg
+		c.Cause = err
+		return &c
+	case errors.As(err, &intErr):
+		c := *intErr
+		c.Message = msg
+		c.Cause = err
+		return &c
+	}
+	return errs.NewInternalError(errs.SubtypeUnknown, "%s", msg).WithHint(contactFanoutRetryHint).WithCause(err)
+}
+
+func contactTruncateError(s string, maxRunes int) string {
+	r := []rune(s)
+	if len(r) <= maxRunes {
+		return s
+	}
+	return string(r[:maxRunes]) + "..."
+}

shortcuts/contact/contact_errors_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package contact
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
+)
+
+func TestContactFanoutErrorSummary_HTTPStatus(t *testing.T) {
+	err := errs.NewNetworkError(errs.SubtypeNetworkServer, `HTTP 503: {"reason":"upstream_unavailable"}`).
+		WithCode(503).
+		WithRetryable()
+
+	got := contactFanoutErrorSummary(err)
+	if !strings.HasPrefix(got, "HTTP 503 Service Unavailable: ") {
+		t.Fatalf("summary: got %q", got)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(got, "upstream_unavailable") {
+		t.Fatalf("summary should include truncated body details, got %q", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestContactInvalidResponseError_TypedInternal(t *testing.T) {
+	got := contactInvalidResponseError("decode contact response failed")
+	p, ok := errs.ProblemOf(got)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("expected typed problem, got %T", got)
+	}
+	if p.Category != errs.CategoryInternal || p.Subtype != errs.SubtypeInvalidResponse {
+		t.Fatalf("problem type: got %s/%s", p.Category, p.Subtype)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestContactFanoutAllFailedError_PreservesTypedProblem(t *testing.T) {
+	err := errs.NewAPIError(errs.SubtypeRateLimit, "rate limit").
+		WithCode(99991663).
+		WithLogID("log-contact-1").
+		WithRetryable()
+
+	got := contactFanoutAllFailedError(err, "all 2 queries failed; first: API 99991663: rate limit (query=\"alice\")")
+	p, ok := errs.ProblemOf(got)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("expected typed problem, got %T", got)
+	}
+	if p.Category != errs.CategoryAPI || p.Subtype != errs.SubtypeRateLimit {
+		t.Fatalf("problem type: got %s/%s", p.Category, p.Subtype)
+	}
+	if p.Code != 99991663 || p.LogID != "log-contact-1" || !p.Retryable {
+		t.Fatalf("problem metadata not preserved: %+v", p)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(p.Message, "all 2 queries failed") {
+		t.Fatalf("problem message not decorated: %q", p.Message)
+	}
+	// The representative error must not be mutated: it stays a single-query
+	// failure, while the aggregate is a distinct value carrying it as cause.
+	if err.Message != "rate limit" {
+		t.Fatalf("representative error message was mutated: %q", err.Message)
+	}
+	if !errors.Is(got, err) {
+		t.Fatalf("aggregate error should keep the representative failure as its cause")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestContactFanoutAllFailedError_UntypedGetsActionableHint(t *testing.T) {
+	got := contactFanoutAllFailedError(nil, "all 2 queries failed; first: internal error (query=\"alice\")")
+	p, ok := errs.ProblemOf(got)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("expected typed problem, got %T", got)
+	}
+	if p.Category != errs.CategoryInternal || p.Subtype != errs.SubtypeUnknown {
+		t.Fatalf("problem type: got %s/%s", p.Category, p.Subtype)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(p.Hint, "narrow --queries") {
+		t.Fatalf("hint should guide recovery, got %q", p.Hint)
+	}
+}

shortcuts/contact/contact_get_user.go

@@ -28,7 +28,8 @@ var ContactGetUser = common.Shortcut{
 	},
 	Validate: func(ctx context.Context, runtime *common.RuntimeContext) error {
 		if runtime.Str("user-id") == "" && runtime.IsBot() {
-			return common.FlagErrorf("bot identity cannot get current user info, specify --user-id")
+			return common.ValidationErrorf("bot identity cannot get current user info, specify --user-id").
+				WithParam("--user-id")
 		}
 		return nil
 	},
@@ -63,7 +64,7 @@ var ContactGetUser = common.Shortcut{
 
 		if userId == "" {
 			// Current user
-			data, err := runtime.CallAPI("GET", "/open-apis/authen/v1/user_info", nil, nil)
+			data, err := runtime.CallAPITyped("GET", "/open-apis/authen/v1/user_info", nil, nil)
 			if err != nil {
 				return err
 			}
@@ -87,7 +88,7 @@ var ContactGetUser = common.Shortcut{
 
 		if runtime.IsBot() {
 			// Bot identity: GET /contact/v3/users/:user_id (full profile)
-			data, err := runtime.CallAPI("GET", "/open-apis/contact/v3/users/"+url.PathEscape(userId),
+			data, err := runtime.CallAPITyped("GET", "/open-apis/contact/v3/users/"+url.PathEscape(userId),
 				map[string]interface{}{"user_id_type": userIdType}, nil)
 			if err != nil {
 				return err
@@ -110,7 +111,7 @@ var ContactGetUser = common.Shortcut{
 		}
 
 		// User identity: POST /contact/v3/users/basic_batch (lightweight)
-		data, err := runtime.CallAPI("POST", "/open-apis/contact/v3/users/basic_batch",
+		data, err := runtime.CallAPITyped("POST", "/open-apis/contact/v3/users/basic_batch",
 			map[string]interface{}{"user_id_type": userIdType},
 			map[string]interface{}{"user_ids": []string{userId}})
 		if err != nil {

shortcuts/contact/contact_get_user_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package contact
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"errors"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/httpmock"
+)
+
+func TestGetUser_BotCurrentUserValidationTyped(t *testing.T) {
+	f, stdout, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, searchUserDefaultConfig())
+
+	err := mountAndRun(t, ContactGetUser, []string{"+get-user", "--as", "bot"}, f, stdout)
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatalf("expected validation error")
+	}
+	var validation *errs.ValidationError
+	if !errors.As(err, &validation) {
+		t.Fatalf("expected validation error, got %T: %v", err, err)
+	}
+	if validation.Param != "--user-id" {
+		t.Fatalf("param: got %q, want --user-id", validation.Param)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestGetUser_DryRunShapes(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := []struct {
+		name string
+		args []string
+		want []string
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "current user",
+			args: []string{"+get-user", "--dry-run", "--as", "user"},
+			want: []string{"GET", "/authen/v1/user_info", "current_user"},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "bot specific user",
+			args: []string{"+get-user", "--user-id", "ou_a", "--dry-run", "--as", "bot"},
+			want: []string{"GET", "/contact/v3/users/ou_a", "ou_a", "open_id"},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "user basic batch",
+			args: []string{"+get-user", "--user-id", "ou_a", "--dry-run", "--as", "user"},
+			want: []string{"POST", "/contact/v3/users/basic_batch", "ou_a", "open_id"},
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range cases {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			f, stdout, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, searchUserDefaultConfig())
+			if err := mountAndRun(t, ContactGetUser, tc.args, f, stdout); err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("dry-run: %v", err)
+			}
+			out := stdout.String()
+			for _, want := range tc.want {
+				if !bytes.Contains(stdout.Bytes(), []byte(want)) {
+					t.Fatalf("dry-run output missing %q: %s", want, out)
+				}
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestGetUser_CurrentUserAPIFailureTyped(t *testing.T) {
+	f, stdout, _, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, searchUserDefaultConfig())
+	reg.Register(&httpmock.Stub{
+		Method: "GET",
+		URL:    "/open-apis/authen/v1/user_info",
+		Body:   map[string]interface{}{"code": 123456, "msg": "upstream rejected contact request"},
+	})
+
+	err := mountAndRun(t, ContactGetUser, []string{"+get-user", "--as", "user"}, f, stdout)
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatalf("expected API error")
+	}
+	p, ok := errs.ProblemOf(err)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("expected typed problem, got %T: %v", err, err)
+	}
+	if p.Code != 123456 {
+		t.Fatalf("code: got %d, want 123456", p.Code)
+	}
+	if p.Category != errs.CategoryAPI {
+		t.Fatalf("category: got %q, want %q", p.Category, errs.CategoryAPI)
+	}
+	if stdout.Len() != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("stdout should stay empty on API failure, got %q", stdout.String())
+	}
+}
+
+func TestGetUser_UserBasicBatchUsesTypedAPI(t *testing.T) {
+	f, stdout, _, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, searchUserDefaultConfig())
+	stub := &httpmock.Stub{
+		Method: "POST",
+		URL:    "/open-apis/contact/v3/users/basic_batch?user_id_type=open_id",
+		Body: map[string]interface{}{
+			"code": 0,
+			"msg":  "ok",
+			"data": map[string]interface{}{
+				"users": []interface{}{
+					map[string]interface{}{"user_id": "ou_a", "name": "Alice"},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+	reg.Register(stub)
+
+	err := mountAndRun(t, ContactGetUser, []string{"+get-user", "--user-id", "ou_a", "--as", "user", "--format", "json"}, f, stdout)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("execute: %v", err)
+	}
+	if !bytes.Contains(stub.CapturedBody, []byte(`"ou_a"`)) {
+		t.Fatalf("request body should include user id, got %s", string(stub.CapturedBody))
+	}
+	if !bytes.Contains(stdout.Bytes(), []byte(`"user"`)) {
+		t.Fatalf("stdout should include user object, got %s", stdout.String())
+	}
+}

shortcuts/contact/contact_search_user.go

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 	"unicode/utf8"
 
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/output"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/shortcuts/common"
@@ -80,12 +81,6 @@ type searchUserAPIFilter struct {
 	HasEnterpriseEmail  bool     `json:"has_enterprise_email,omitempty"`
 }
 
-type searchUserAPIEnvelope struct {
-	Code int                `json:"code"`
-	Msg  string             `json:"msg"`
-	Data *searchUserAPIData `json:"data"`
-}
-
 type searchUserAPIData struct {
 	Items     []searchUserAPIItem `json:"items"`
 	HasMore   bool                `json:"has_more"`
@@ -216,19 +211,17 @@ func executeSearchUserSingle(ctx context.Context, runtime *common.RuntimeContext
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	if apiResp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
-		return output.ErrAPI(apiResp.StatusCode, http.StatusText(apiResp.StatusCode), string(apiResp.RawBody))
+
+	data, err := runtime.ClassifyAPIResponse(apiResp)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	respData, err := decodeSearchUserAPIData(data)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
 	}
 
-	var resp searchUserAPIEnvelope
-	if err := json.Unmarshal(apiResp.RawBody, &resp); err != nil {
-		return output.ErrWithHint(output.ExitInternal, "validation", "unmarshal response failed", err.Error())
-	}
-	if resp.Code != 0 {
-		return output.ErrAPI(resp.Code, resp.Msg, string(apiResp.RawBody))
-	}
-
-	users, hasMore := projectUsers(resp.Data, runtime.Str("lang"), runtime.Config.Brand)
+	users, hasMore := projectUsers(respData, runtime.Str("lang"), runtime.Config.Brand)
 	out := searchUserResponse{Users: users, HasMore: hasMore}
 
 	runtime.OutFormat(out, &output.Meta{Count: len(users)}, func(w io.Writer) {
@@ -245,6 +238,20 @@ func executeSearchUserSingle(ctx context.Context, runtime *common.RuntimeContext
 	return nil
 }
 
+func decodeSearchUserAPIData(data map[string]interface{}) (*searchUserAPIData, error) {
+	raw, err := json.Marshal(data)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, contactInvalidResponseError("marshal search user response data failed").
+			WithCause(err)
+	}
+	var out searchUserAPIData
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(raw, &out); err != nil {
+		return nil, contactInvalidResponseError("decode search user response data failed").
+			WithCause(err)
+	}
+	return &out, nil
+}
+
 func isHumanReadableFormat(format string) bool {
 	return format == "pretty" || format == "table"
 }
@@ -373,52 +380,74 @@ func rowFromItem(item *searchUserAPIItem, lang string, brand core.LarkBrand) sea
 
 func validateSearchUser(runtime *common.RuntimeContext) error {
 	if !hasAnySearchInput(runtime) {
-		return common.FlagErrorf(
+		return common.ValidationErrorf(
 			"specify at least one of --query, --queries, --user-ids, --has-chatted, --has-enterprise-email, --exclude-external-users, --left-organization",
+		).WithParams(
+			errs.InvalidParam{Name: "--query", Reason: "required; specify at least one search input"},
+			errs.InvalidParam{Name: "--queries", Reason: "required; specify at least one search input"},
+			errs.InvalidParam{Name: "--user-ids", Reason: "required; specify at least one search input"},
+			errs.InvalidParam{Name: "--has-chatted", Reason: "required; specify at least one search input"},
+			errs.InvalidParam{Name: "--has-enterprise-email", Reason: "required; specify at least one search input"},
+			errs.InvalidParam{Name: "--exclude-external-users", Reason: "required; specify at least one search input"},
+			errs.InvalidParam{Name: "--left-organization", Reason: "required; specify at least one search input"},
 		)
 	}
 
 	queriesRaw := strings.TrimSpace(runtime.Str("queries"))
 	if queriesRaw != "" {
 		if strings.TrimSpace(runtime.Str("query")) != "" {
-			return common.FlagErrorf("--query and --queries are mutually exclusive")
+			return common.ValidationErrorf("--query and --queries are mutually exclusive").
+				WithParams(
+					errs.InvalidParam{Name: "--query", Reason: "mutually exclusive with --queries"},
+					errs.InvalidParam{Name: "--queries", Reason: "mutually exclusive with --query"},
+				)
 		}
 		if strings.TrimSpace(runtime.Str("user-ids")) != "" {
-			return common.FlagErrorf("--user-ids and --queries are mutually exclusive")
+			return common.ValidationErrorf("--user-ids and --queries are mutually exclusive").
+				WithParams(
+					errs.InvalidParam{Name: "--user-ids", Reason: "mutually exclusive with --queries"},
+					errs.InvalidParam{Name: "--queries", Reason: "mutually exclusive with --user-ids"},
+				)
 		}
 		queries := parseAndDedupQueries(queriesRaw)
 		if len(queries) == 0 {
-			return common.FlagErrorf("--queries: no valid query parsed from %q (separate entries with ',')", queriesRaw)
+			return common.ValidationErrorf("--queries: no valid query parsed from %q (separate entries with ',')", queriesRaw).
+				WithParam("--queries")
 		}
 		if len(queries) > maxFanoutQueries {
-			return common.FlagErrorf("--queries: must be at most %d entries (got %d)", maxFanoutQueries, len(queries))
+			return common.ValidationErrorf("--queries: must be at most %d entries (got %d)", maxFanoutQueries, len(queries)).
+				WithParam("--queries")
 		}
 		for _, q := range queries {
 			if utf8.RuneCountInString(q) > maxSearchUserQueryChars {
-				return common.FlagErrorf("--queries: entry %q exceeds %d characters", q, maxSearchUserQueryChars)
+				return common.ValidationErrorf("--queries: entry %q exceeds %d characters", q, maxSearchUserQueryChars).
+					WithParam("--queries")
 			}
 		}
 	}
 
 	if q := strings.TrimSpace(runtime.Str("query")); q != "" {
 		if utf8.RuneCountInString(q) > maxSearchUserQueryChars {
-			return common.FlagErrorf("--query: length must be between 1 and %d characters", maxSearchUserQueryChars)
+			return common.ValidationErrorf("--query: length must be between 1 and %d characters", maxSearchUserQueryChars).
+				WithParam("--query")
 		}
 	}
 
 	if raw := strings.TrimSpace(runtime.Str("user-ids")); raw != "" {
-		ids, err := common.ResolveOpenIDs("--user-ids", common.SplitCSV(raw), runtime)
+		ids, err := common.ResolveOpenIDsTyped("--user-ids", common.SplitCSV(raw), runtime)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 		if len(ids) == 0 {
-			return common.FlagErrorf("--user-ids: no valid open_id parsed from %q (separate entries with ',')", raw)
+			return common.ValidationErrorf("--user-ids: no valid open_id parsed from %q (separate entries with ',')", raw).
+				WithParam("--user-ids")
 		}
 		if len(ids) > maxSearchUserUserIDs {
-			return common.FlagErrorf("--user-ids: must be at most %d entries", maxSearchUserUserIDs)
+			return common.ValidationErrorf("--user-ids: must be at most %d entries", maxSearchUserUserIDs).
+				WithParam("--user-ids")
 		}
 		for _, id := range ids {
-			if _, err := common.ValidateUserID(id); err != nil {
+			if _, err := common.ValidateUserIDTyped("--user-ids", id); err != nil {
 				return err
 			}
 		}
@@ -429,15 +458,16 @@ func validateSearchUser(runtime *common.RuntimeContext) error {
 	// silent wrong-result bugs.
 	for _, bf := range searchUserBoolFilters {
 		if runtime.Cmd.Flags().Changed(bf.Flag) && !runtime.Bool(bf.Flag) {
-			return common.FlagErrorf(
+			return common.ValidationErrorf(
 				"--%s: pass the flag to enable the filter; omit it to disable filtering (=false is rejected to prevent silent wrong results)",
 				bf.Flag,
-			)
+			).WithParam("--" + bf.Flag)
 		}
 	}
 
 	if n := runtime.Int("page-size"); n < 1 || n > maxSearchUserPageSize {
-		return common.FlagErrorf("--page-size: must be between 1 and %d", maxSearchUserPageSize)
+		return common.ValidationErrorf("--page-size: must be between 1 and %d", maxSearchUserPageSize).
+			WithParam("--page-size")
 	}
 	return nil
 }
@@ -473,7 +503,7 @@ func buildSearchUserBody(runtime *common.RuntimeContext) (*searchUserAPIRequest,
 	hasFilter := false
 
 	if raw := strings.TrimSpace(runtime.Str("user-ids")); raw != "" {
-		ids, err := common.ResolveOpenIDs("--user-ids", common.SplitCSV(raw), runtime)
+		ids, err := common.ResolveOpenIDsTyped("--user-ids", common.SplitCSV(raw), runtime)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}

shortcuts/contact/contact_search_user_fanout.go

@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ package contact
 
 import (
 	"context"
-	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"net/http"
@@ -47,7 +46,7 @@ type fanoutResult struct {
 	Users   []searchUser
 	HasMore bool
 	ErrMsg  string // empty = success
-	ErrCode int    // 0 = success or unknown; otherwise an HTTP status or Lark API code corresponding to the first error
+	Err     error  // original failure, kept for typed all-failed propagation
 }
 
 // isFanoutSummaryFormat gates the per-fanout stderr summary line. Includes csv
@@ -67,7 +66,7 @@ func runOneQuery(ctx context.Context, runtime *common.RuntimeContext, index int,
 	// Pre-check ctx so queued workers see cancellation before issuing a
 	// request; in-flight workers continue until DoAPI returns.
 	if err := ctx.Err(); err != nil {
-		return fanoutResult{Index: index, Query: query, ErrMsg: err.Error()}
+		return fanoutErrorResult(index, query, err)
 	}
 
 	body := &searchUserAPIRequest{Query: query}
@@ -82,38 +81,29 @@ func runOneQuery(ctx context.Context, runtime *common.RuntimeContext, index int,
 		QueryParams: larkcore.QueryParams{"page_size": []string{strconv.Itoa(runtime.Int("page-size"))}},
 	})
 	if err != nil {
-		return fanoutResult{Index: index, Query: query, ErrMsg: err.Error()}
-	}
-	if apiResp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
-		body := strings.TrimSpace(string(apiResp.RawBody))
-		const maxBody = 200
-		if len(body) > maxBody {
-			body = body[:maxBody] + "..."
-		}
-		msg := fmt.Sprintf("HTTP %d %s", apiResp.StatusCode, http.StatusText(apiResp.StatusCode))
-		if body != "" {
-			msg = fmt.Sprintf("%s: %s", msg, body)
-		}
-		return fanoutResult{Index: index, Query: query,
-			ErrMsg:  msg,
-			ErrCode: apiResp.StatusCode}
+		return fanoutErrorResult(index, query, err)
 	}
 
-	var resp searchUserAPIEnvelope
-	if err := json.Unmarshal(apiResp.RawBody, &resp); err != nil {
-		return fanoutResult{Index: index, Query: query,
-			ErrMsg: fmt.Sprintf("parse response failed: %v", err)}
+	data, err := runtime.ClassifyAPIResponse(apiResp)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fanoutErrorResult(index, query, err)
 	}
-	if resp.Code != 0 {
-		return fanoutResult{Index: index, Query: query,
-			ErrMsg:  fmt.Sprintf("API %d: %s", resp.Code, resp.Msg),
-			ErrCode: resp.Code}
+	respData, err := decodeSearchUserAPIData(data)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fanoutErrorResult(index, query, err)
 	}
 
-	users, hasMore := projectUsers(resp.Data, runtime.Str("lang"), runtime.Config.Brand)
+	users, hasMore := projectUsers(respData, runtime.Str("lang"), runtime.Config.Brand)
 	return fanoutResult{Index: index, Query: query, Users: users, HasMore: hasMore}
 }
 
+func fanoutErrorResult(index int, query string, err error) fanoutResult {
+	if err == nil {
+		return fanoutResult{Index: index, Query: query}
+	}
+	return fanoutResult{Index: index, Query: query, ErrMsg: contactFanoutErrorSummary(err), Err: err}
+}
+
 type fanoutUser struct {
 	searchUser
 	MatchedQuery string `json:"matched_query"`
@@ -146,7 +136,7 @@ func buildFanoutResponse(queries []string, results []fanoutResult) (*fanoutRespo
 	}
 	failed := 0
 	var firstErrMsg, firstErrQuery string
-	var firstErrCode int
+	var firstErr error
 	for i, r := range indexed {
 		out.Queries = append(out.Queries, querySummary{
 			Query:   queries[i],
@@ -158,7 +148,7 @@ func buildFanoutResponse(queries []string, results []fanoutResult) (*fanoutRespo
 			if firstErrMsg == "" {
 				firstErrMsg = r.ErrMsg
 				firstErrQuery = queries[i]
-				firstErrCode = r.ErrCode
+				firstErr = r.Err
 			}
 			continue
 		}
@@ -169,18 +159,7 @@ func buildFanoutResponse(queries []string, results []fanoutResult) (*fanoutRespo
 	if failed == len(queries) && len(queries) > 0 {
 		msg := fmt.Sprintf("all %d queries failed; first: %s (query=%q)",
 			len(queries), firstErrMsg, firstErrQuery)
-		// Only the HTTP-status / Lark-API-code branches in runOneQuery populate
-		// ErrCode; transport, parse, panic, and ctx-canceled stay at 0. Code 0
-		// means success in the Lark protocol, so don't pretend it's an API error
-		// when we have nothing structured to report.
-		if firstErrCode != 0 {
-			return nil, output.ErrAPI(firstErrCode, msg, "")
-		}
-		// No structured API code — the failure was transport, parse, panic, or
-		// cancellation. Suggest the actionable next step rather than shipping
-		// an empty hint that would leave the calling agent with nothing to do.
-		return nil, output.ErrWithHint(output.ExitInternal, "fanout", msg,
-			"retry the command; if it persists, narrow --queries to a single term to isolate the failing input")
+		return nil, contactFanoutAllFailedError(firstErr, msg)
 	}
 	return out, nil
 }

shortcuts/contact/contact_search_user_test.go

@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ import (
 	"bytes"
 	"context"
 	"encoding/json"
-	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"net/http"
 	"strings"
@@ -16,10 +15,10 @@ import (
 	"time"
 	"unicode/utf8"
 
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/httpmock"
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/output"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/shortcuts/common"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 )
@@ -254,6 +253,16 @@ func TestRowFromItem_CrossTenantEmptyEmailNoPanic(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestProjectUsers_NilData(t *testing.T) {
+	users, hasMore := projectUsers(nil, "", core.BrandFeishu)
+	if users == nil {
+		t.Fatalf("users should be an empty slice, not nil")
+	}
+	if len(users) != 0 || hasMore {
+		t.Fatalf("projectUsers(nil): got users=%v hasMore=%v", users, hasMore)
+	}
+}
+
 func TestValidateSearchUser_AllEmpty_Errors(t *testing.T) {
 	cmd := newSearchUserTestCommand()
 	rt := common.TestNewRuntimeContext(cmd, searchUserDefaultConfig())
@@ -479,6 +488,26 @@ func TestBuildBody_UserIDsResolveAndDedup(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestBuildBody_UserIDsMeWithoutLoginReturnsTypedError(t *testing.T) {
+	cmd := newSearchUserTestCommand()
+	_ = cmd.Flags().Set("user-ids", "me")
+	cfg := searchUserDefaultConfig()
+	cfg.UserOpenId = ""
+	rt := common.TestNewRuntimeContext(cmd, cfg)
+
+	body, err := buildSearchUserBody(rt)
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatalf("expected error, got body %+v", body)
+	}
+	p, ok := errs.ProblemOf(err)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("expected typed problem, got %T: %v", err, err)
+	}
+	if p.Category != errs.CategoryValidation {
+		t.Fatalf("category: got %q, want %q", p.Category, errs.CategoryValidation)
+	}
+}
+
 func TestValidateSearchUser_PageSizeOutOfRange_Errors(t *testing.T) {
 	for _, n := range []int{0, 31} {
 		cmd := newSearchUserTestCommand()
@@ -504,6 +533,20 @@ func TestValidateSearchUser_PageSizeBoundaries_OK(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestDecodeSearchUserAPIData_MarshalFailureTyped(t *testing.T) {
+	_, err := decodeSearchUserAPIData(map[string]interface{}{"bad": func() {}})
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatalf("expected marshal failure")
+	}
+	p, ok := errs.ProblemOf(err)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("expected typed problem, got %T: %v", err, err)
+	}
+	if p.Category != errs.CategoryInternal || p.Subtype != errs.SubtypeInvalidResponse {
+		t.Fatalf("problem type: got %s/%s", p.Category, p.Subtype)
+	}
+}
+
 // mountAndRun mounts the shortcut under a parent cobra command and runs it
 // with the given args. Mirrors the pattern used in other shortcut packages.
 func mountAndRun(t *testing.T, s common.Shortcut, args []string, f *cmdutil.Factory, stdout *bytes.Buffer) error {
@@ -1011,6 +1054,13 @@ func TestRunOneQuery_APINonZeroCode(t *testing.T) {
 	if got.ErrMsg != "API 99991663: rate limited" {
 		t.Errorf("ErrMsg = %q, want 'API 99991663: rate limited'", got.ErrMsg)
 	}
+	p, ok := errs.ProblemOf(got.Err)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("expected typed problem on fanout result, got %T", got.Err)
+	}
+	if p.Code != 99991663 {
+		t.Errorf("problem code: got %d, want 99991663", p.Code)
+	}
 	if got.Users != nil || got.HasMore {
 		t.Errorf("on error, Users/HasMore must be zero values; got %+v", got)
 	}
@@ -1032,8 +1082,15 @@ func TestRunOneQuery_HTTPNon200(t *testing.T) {
 	if !strings.Contains(got.ErrMsg, "upstream_unavailable") {
 		t.Errorf("ErrMsg should include response body for diagnosis; got %q", got.ErrMsg)
 	}
-	if got.ErrCode != 503 {
-		t.Errorf("ErrCode = %d, want 503", got.ErrCode)
+	p, ok := errs.ProblemOf(got.Err)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("expected typed problem on fanout result, got %T", got.Err)
+	}
+	if p.Code != 503 {
+		t.Errorf("problem code: got %d, want 503", p.Code)
+	}
+	if p.Category != errs.CategoryNetwork {
+		t.Errorf("problem category: got %q, want %q", p.Category, errs.CategoryNetwork)
 	}
 }
 
@@ -1080,6 +1137,16 @@ func TestRunOneQuery_TransportError(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestFanoutErrorResult_NilErrorIsSuccess(t *testing.T) {
+	got := fanoutErrorResult(4, "alice", nil)
+	if got.Index != 4 || got.Query != "alice" {
+		t.Fatalf("Index/Query mismatch: %+v", got)
+	}
+	if got.ErrMsg != "" || got.Err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("nil error should produce a success result, got %+v", got)
+	}
+}
+
 func TestFanoutAssemble_OrderAndShape(t *testing.T) {
 	results := []fanoutResult{
 		{Index: 1, Query: "bob", Users: []searchUser{{OpenID: "ou_b"}}, HasMore: true},
@@ -1136,7 +1203,7 @@ func TestFanoutAssemble_AllFailed_ReturnsError(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 // When all queries fail with no structured Lark API code (transport, parse,
-// panic, ctx-canceled), the returned ExitError must carry an actionable
+// panic, ctx-canceled), the returned typed error must carry an actionable
 // hint so the calling agent has a next step to try instead of giving up.
 func TestFanoutAssemble_AllFailed_NoCode_HasActionableHint(t *testing.T) {
 	results := []fanoutResult{
@@ -1147,28 +1214,38 @@ func TestFanoutAssemble_AllFailed_NoCode_HasActionableHint(t *testing.T) {
 	if err == nil {
 		t.Fatalf("expected error when all queries failed")
 	}
-	var exitErr *output.ExitError
-	if !errors.As(err, &exitErr) {
-		t.Fatalf("expected *output.ExitError, got %T", err)
+	p, ok := errs.ProblemOf(err)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("expected typed problem, got %T", err)
 	}
-	if exitErr.Detail == nil {
-		t.Fatalf("expected Detail, got nil")
+	if p.Category != errs.CategoryInternal {
+		t.Fatalf("category: got %q, want %q", p.Category, errs.CategoryInternal)
 	}
-	if exitErr.Detail.Hint == "" {
+	if p.Hint == "" {
 		t.Errorf("expected non-empty Hint so agents have a next step; got empty")
 	}
-	if !strings.Contains(exitErr.Detail.Hint, "retry") {
-		t.Errorf("hint should suggest retry as the first action; got %q", exitErr.Detail.Hint)
+	if !strings.Contains(p.Hint, "retry") {
+		t.Errorf("hint should suggest retry as the first action; got %q", p.Hint)
 	}
 }
 
-// Codes from the first failure must propagate through output.ErrAPI so the
-// CLI's exit-code classifier sees the real signal (e.g., 99991663 rate limit)
+// Codes from the first failure must propagate through typed problem fields so
+// the CLI's exit-code classifier sees the real signal (e.g., 99991663 rate limit)
 // instead of 0, which would mean "success" in the Lark protocol.
 func TestFanoutAssemble_AllFailed_PropagatesFirstCode(t *testing.T) {
 	results := []fanoutResult{
-		{Index: 0, Query: "alice", ErrMsg: "API 99991663: rate limit", ErrCode: 99991663},
-		{Index: 1, Query: "bob", ErrMsg: "HTTP 500", ErrCode: 500},
+		{
+			Index:  0,
+			Query:  "alice",
+			ErrMsg: "API 99991663: rate limit",
+			Err:    errs.NewAPIError(errs.SubtypeRateLimit, "rate limit").WithCode(99991663),
+		},
+		{
+			Index:  1,
+			Query:  "bob",
+			ErrMsg: "HTTP 500",
+			Err:    errs.NewNetworkError(errs.SubtypeNetworkServer, "HTTP 500").WithCode(500),
+		},
 	}
 	_, err := buildFanoutResponse([]string{"alice", "bob"}, results)
 	if err == nil {
@@ -1177,6 +1254,16 @@ func TestFanoutAssemble_AllFailed_PropagatesFirstCode(t *testing.T) {
 	if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "rate limit") {
 		t.Errorf("error should contain first ErrMsg; got %v", err)
 	}
+	p, ok := errs.ProblemOf(err)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("expected typed problem, got %T", err)
+	}
+	if p.Code != 99991663 {
+		t.Errorf("problem code: got %d, want 99991663", p.Code)
+	}
+	if p.Subtype != errs.SubtypeRateLimit {
+		t.Errorf("problem subtype: got %q, want %q", p.Subtype, errs.SubtypeRateLimit)
+	}
 }
 
 func TestFanoutAssemble_PartialFailureOK(t *testing.T) {
@@ -1220,6 +1307,37 @@ func TestFanoutAssemble_NoTopLevelHasMore(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestPrettyFanoutUserRows(t *testing.T) {
+	rows := prettyFanoutUserRows([]fanoutUser{
+		{
+			searchUser: searchUser{
+				OpenID:          "ou_a",
+				LocalizedName:   "Alice",
+				Department:      strings.Repeat("d", 80),
+				EnterpriseEmail: "alice@example.com",
+				HasChatted:      true,
+				ChatRecencyHint: "Contacted yesterday",
+			},
+			MatchedQuery: "alice",
+		},
+	})
+	if len(rows) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("rows: got %d, want 1", len(rows))
+	}
+	row := rows[0]
+	for _, key := range []string{"matched_query", "localized_name", "department", "enterprise_email", "has_chatted", "chat_recency_hint", "open_id"} {
+		if _, ok := row[key]; !ok {
+			t.Fatalf("row missing key %q: %+v", key, row)
+		}
+	}
+	if row["matched_query"] != "alice" || row["open_id"] != "ou_a" {
+		t.Fatalf("row identity fields: %+v", row)
+	}
+	if len(row["department"].(string)) >= 80 {
+		t.Fatalf("department should be truncated for table display, got %q", row["department"])
+	}
+}
+
 // Verifies that with the auto-pagination flags removed, --page-all / --page-limit
 // are no longer accepted. cobra must reject the unknown flag at parse time —
 // no stub is registered because the command should never reach the API.

shortcuts/doc/docs_create.go

@@ -5,35 +5,13 @@ package doc
 
 import (
 	"context"
-	"strings"
-
-	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/shortcuts/common"
 )
 
-// v1CreateFlags returns the flag definitions for the v1 (MCP) create path.
+// v1CreateFlags returns hidden parse-only compatibility flags for old v1 commands.
 func v1CreateFlags() []common.Flag {
-	return []common.Flag{
-		{Name: "title", Desc: "document title", Hidden: true},
-		{Name: "markdown", Desc: "Markdown content (Lark-flavored)", Hidden: true, Input: []string{common.File, common.Stdin}},
-		{Name: "folder-token", Desc: "parent folder token", Hidden: true},
-		{Name: "wiki-node", Desc: "wiki node token", Hidden: true},
-		{Name: "wiki-space", Desc: "wiki space ID (use my_library for personal library)", Hidden: true},
-	}
-}
-
-var docsCreateFlagVersions = buildFlagVersionMap(v1CreateFlags(), v2CreateFlags())
-
-// useV2Create returns true when the v2 (OpenAPI) create path should be used.
-// Explicit --api-version v2 takes priority; otherwise auto-detect by v2-only flags.
-func useV2Create(runtime *common.RuntimeContext) bool {
-	if runtime.Str("api-version") == "v2" {
-		return true
-	}
-	return runtime.Str("content") != "" ||
-		runtime.Str("parent-token") != "" ||
-		runtime.Str("parent-position") != ""
+	return docsLegacyFlagDefinitions(docsCreateLegacyFlags())
 }
 
 var DocsCreate = common.Shortcut{
@@ -43,213 +21,25 @@ var DocsCreate = common.Shortcut{
 	Risk:        "write",
 	AuthTypes:   []string{"user", "bot"},
 	Scopes:      []string{"docx:document:create"},
-	Tips:        docsVersionSelectionTips,
+	PostMount:   installDocsShortcutHelp("+create"),
 	Flags: concatFlags(
 		[]common.Flag{
-			{Name: "api-version", Desc: "API version", Default: "v1", Enum: []string{"v1", "v2"}},
+			docsAPIVersionCompatFlag(),
 		},
-		v1CreateFlags(),
 		v2CreateFlags(),
+		v1CreateFlags(),
 	),
 	Validate: func(ctx context.Context, runtime *common.RuntimeContext) error {
-		if useV2Create(runtime) {
-			return validateCreateV2(ctx, runtime)
-		}
-		return validateCreateV1(ctx, runtime)
+		return validateCreateV2(ctx, runtime)
 	},
 	DryRun: func(ctx context.Context, runtime *common.RuntimeContext) *common.DryRunAPI {
-		if useV2Create(runtime) {
-			return dryRunCreateV2(ctx, runtime)
-		}
-		return dryRunCreateV1(ctx, runtime)
+		return dryRunCreateV2(ctx, runtime)
 	},
 	Execute: func(ctx context.Context, runtime *common.RuntimeContext) error {
-		if useV2Create(runtime) {
-			return executeCreateV2(ctx, runtime)
-		}
-		return executeCreateV1(ctx, runtime)
-	},
-	PostMount: func(cmd *cobra.Command) {
-		installVersionedHelp(cmd, "v1", docsCreateFlagVersions)
+		return executeCreateV2(ctx, runtime)
 	},
 }
 
-// ── V1 (MCP) implementation ──
-
-func validateCreateV1(_ context.Context, runtime *common.RuntimeContext) error {
-	if runtime.Str("markdown") == "" {
-		return common.FlagErrorf("--markdown is required")
-	}
-	count := 0
-	if runtime.Str("folder-token") != "" {
-		count++
-	}
-	if runtime.Str("wiki-node") != "" {
-		count++
-	}
-	if runtime.Str("wiki-space") != "" {
-		count++
-	}
-	if count > 1 {
-		return common.FlagErrorf("--folder-token, --wiki-node, and --wiki-space are mutually exclusive")
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-func dryRunCreateV1(_ context.Context, runtime *common.RuntimeContext) *common.DryRunAPI {
-	args := buildCreateArgsV1(runtime)
-	d := common.NewDryRunAPI().
-		POST(common.MCPEndpoint(runtime.Config.Brand)).
-		Desc("MCP tool: create-doc").
-		Body(map[string]interface{}{"method": "tools/call", "params": map[string]interface{}{"name": "create-doc", "arguments": args}}).
-		Set("mcp_tool", "create-doc").Set("args", args)
-	if runtime.IsBot() {
-		d.Desc("After create-doc succeeds in bot mode, the CLI will also try to grant the current CLI user full_access (可管理权限) on the new document.")
-	}
-	return d
-}
-
-func executeCreateV1(_ context.Context, runtime *common.RuntimeContext) error {
-	warnDeprecatedV1(runtime, "+create")
-	// Surface callout type= hint so users know to switch to background-color/
-	// border-color when they want a colored callout. Non-blocking, advisory.
-	if md := runtime.Str("markdown"); md != "" {
-		WarnCalloutType(md, runtime.IO().ErrOut)
-	}
-	args := buildCreateArgsV1(runtime)
-	result, err := common.CallMCPTool(runtime, "create-doc", args)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	augmentCreateResultV1(runtime, result)
-	normalizeWhiteboardResult(result, runtime.Str("markdown"))
-	runtime.Out(result, nil)
-	return nil
-}
-
-func buildCreateArgsV1(runtime *common.RuntimeContext) map[string]interface{} {
-	md := runtime.Str("markdown")
-	args := map[string]interface{}{
-		"markdown": md,
-	}
-	if v := runtime.Str("title"); v != "" {
-		args["title"] = v
-	}
-	if v := runtime.Str("folder-token"); v != "" {
-		args["folder_token"] = v
-	}
-	if v := runtime.Str("wiki-node"); v != "" {
-		args["wiki_node"] = v
-	}
-	if v := runtime.Str("wiki-space"); v != "" {
-		args["wiki_space"] = v
-	}
-	return args
-}
-
-type docsPermissionTarget struct {
-	Token string
-	Type  string
-}
-
-func augmentCreateResultV1(runtime *common.RuntimeContext, result map[string]interface{}) {
-	target := selectPermissionTarget(result)
-	if grant := common.AutoGrantCurrentUserDrivePermission(runtime, target.Token, target.Type); grant != nil {
-		result["permission_grant"] = grant
-	}
-	fallbackDocURLV1(runtime, result)
-}
-
-// fallbackDocURLV1 fills result.doc_url with a brand-standard URL when the MCP
-// response did not include one but did include a doc_id. This protects against
-// degraded MCP responses (multi-content, non-JSON text) where ExtractMCPResult
-// drops structured fields.
-func fallbackDocURLV1(runtime *common.RuntimeContext, result map[string]interface{}) {
-	if strings.TrimSpace(common.GetString(result, "doc_url")) != "" {
-		return
-	}
-	docID := strings.TrimSpace(common.GetString(result, "doc_id"))
-	if docID == "" {
-		return
-	}
-	if u := common.BuildResourceURL(runtime.Config.Brand, "docx", docID); u != "" {
-		result["doc_url"] = u
-	}
-}
-
-func selectPermissionTarget(result map[string]interface{}) docsPermissionTarget {
-	if ref, ok := parsePermissionTargetFromURL(common.GetString(result, "doc_url")); ok {
-		return ref
-	}
-	docID := strings.TrimSpace(common.GetString(result, "doc_id"))
-	if docID != "" {
-		return docsPermissionTarget{Token: docID, Type: "docx"}
-	}
-	return docsPermissionTarget{}
-}
-
-func parsePermissionTargetFromURL(docURL string) (docsPermissionTarget, bool) {
-	if strings.TrimSpace(docURL) == "" {
-		return docsPermissionTarget{}, false
-	}
-	ref, err := parseDocumentRef(docURL)
-	if err != nil {
-		return docsPermissionTarget{}, false
-	}
-	switch ref.Kind {
-	case "wiki":
-		return docsPermissionTarget{Token: ref.Token, Type: "wiki"}, true
-	case "doc", "docx":
-		return docsPermissionTarget{Token: ref.Token, Type: ref.Kind}, true
-	default:
-		return docsPermissionTarget{}, false
-	}
-}
-
-// normalizeWhiteboardResult normalizes board_tokens in the MCP response when
-// whiteboard creation markdown is detected.
-func normalizeWhiteboardResult(result map[string]interface{}, markdown string) {
-	if !isWhiteboardCreateMarkdown(markdown) {
-		return
-	}
-	result["board_tokens"] = normalizeBoardTokens(result["board_tokens"])
-}
-
-func isWhiteboardCreateMarkdown(markdown string) bool {
-	lower := strings.ToLower(markdown)
-	if strings.Contains(lower, "```mermaid") || strings.Contains(lower, "```plantuml") {
-		return true
-	}
-	return strings.Contains(lower, "<whiteboard") &&
-		(strings.Contains(lower, `type="blank"`) || strings.Contains(lower, `type='blank'`))
-}
-
-func normalizeBoardTokens(raw interface{}) []string {
-	switch v := raw.(type) {
-	case nil:
-		return []string{}
-	case []string:
-		return v
-	case []interface{}:
-		tokens := make([]string, 0, len(v))
-		for _, item := range v {
-			if s, ok := item.(string); ok && s != "" {
-				tokens = append(tokens, s)
-			}
-		}
-		return tokens
-	case string:
-		if v == "" {
-			return []string{}
-		}
-		return []string{v}
-	default:
-		return []string{}
-	}
-}
-
-// ── Shared helpers ──
-
 // concatFlags combines multiple flag slices into one.
 func concatFlags(slices ...[]common.Flag) []common.Flag {
 	var out []common.Flag
@@ -258,15 +48,3 @@ func concatFlags(slices ...[]common.Flag) []common.Flag {
 	}
 	return out
 }
-
-// buildFlagVersionMap creates a flag name → version mapping from v1 and v2 flag lists.
-func buildFlagVersionMap(v1, v2 []common.Flag) map[string]string {
-	m := make(map[string]string, len(v1)+len(v2))
-	for _, f := range v1 {
-		m[f.Name] = "v1"
-	}
-	for _, f := range v2 {
-		m[f.Name] = "v2"
-	}
-	return m
-}

shortcuts/doc/docs_create_test.go

@@ -48,7 +48,6 @@ func TestDocsCreateV2BotAutoGrantSuccess(t *testing.T) {
 
 	err := runDocsCreateShortcut(t, f, stdout, []string{
 		"+create",
-		"--api-version", "v2",
 		"--content", "<title>项目计划</title><h1>目标</h1>",
 		"--as", "bot",
 	})
@@ -249,148 +248,63 @@ func TestDocsCreateV2PreservesBackendURL(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-// ── V1 (MCP) tests ──
-
-func TestDocsCreateV1BotAutoGrantSuccess(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	f, stdout, _, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, docsCreateTestConfig(t, "ou_current_user"))
-	registerDocsCreateMCPStub(reg, map[string]interface{}{
-		"doc_id":  "doxcn_new_doc",
-		"doc_url": "https://example.feishu.cn/docx/doxcn_new_doc",
-		"message": "文档创建成功",
-	})
-
-	permStub := &httpmock.Stub{
-		Method: "POST",
-		URL:    "/open-apis/drive/v1/permissions/doxcn_new_doc/members",
-		Body: map[string]interface{}{
-			"code": 0,
-			"msg":  "ok",
-			"data": map[string]interface{}{
-				"member": map[string]interface{}{
-					"member_id":   "ou_current_user",
-					"member_type": "openid",
-					"perm":        "full_access",
-				},
-			},
-		},
-	}
-	reg.Register(permStub)
-
-	err := runDocsCreateShortcut(t, f, stdout, []string{
-		"+create",
-		"--title", "项目计划",
-		"--markdown", "## 目标",
-		"--as", "bot",
-	})
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	data := decodeDocsCreateEnvelope(t, stdout)
-	grant, _ := data["permission_grant"].(map[string]interface{})
-	if grant["status"] != common.PermissionGrantGranted {
-		t.Fatalf("permission_grant.status = %#v, want %q", grant["status"], common.PermissionGrantGranted)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestDocsCreateV1WikiSpaceAutoGrantFailure(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	f, stdout, _, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, docsCreateTestConfig(t, "ou_current_user"))
-	registerDocsCreateMCPStub(reg, map[string]interface{}{
-		"doc_id":  "doxcn_new_doc",
-		"doc_url": "https://example.feishu.cn/wiki/wikcn_new_node",
-		"message": "文档创建成功",
-	})
-
-	permStub := &httpmock.Stub{
-		Method: "POST",
-		URL:    "/open-apis/drive/v1/permissions/wikcn_new_node/members",
-		Body: map[string]interface{}{
-			"code": 230001,
-			"msg":  "no permission",
-		},
-	}
-	reg.Register(permStub)
-
-	err := runDocsCreateShortcut(t, f, stdout, []string{
-		"+create",
-		"--markdown", "## 内容",
-		"--wiki-space", "my_library",
-		"--as", "bot",
-	})
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("document creation should still succeed when auto-grant fails, got: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	data := decodeDocsCreateEnvelope(t, stdout)
-	grant, _ := data["permission_grant"].(map[string]interface{})
-	if grant["status"] != common.PermissionGrantFailed {
-		t.Fatalf("permission_grant.status = %#v, want %q", grant["status"], common.PermissionGrantFailed)
-	}
-
-	var body map[string]interface{}
-	if err := json.Unmarshal(permStub.CapturedBody, &body); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("failed to parse permission request body: %v", err)
-	}
-	if body["perm_type"] != "container" {
-		t.Fatalf("permission request perm_type = %#v, want %q", body["perm_type"], "container")
-	}
-}
-
-func TestDocsCreateV1FallbackURLWhenBackendOmitsIt(t *testing.T) {
+func TestDocsCreateAPIVersionV1StillUsesV2Endpoint(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 
 	f, stdout, _, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, docsCreateTestConfig(t, ""))
-	registerDocsCreateMCPStub(reg, map[string]interface{}{
-		"doc_id":  "doxcn_new_doc",
-		"message": "文档创建成功",
-		// "doc_url" deliberately omitted to exercise the fallback.
+	registerDocsCreateAPIStub(reg, map[string]interface{}{
+		"document": map[string]interface{}{
+			"document_id": "doxcn_new_doc",
+			"revision_id": float64(1),
+			"url":         "https://example.feishu.cn/docx/doxcn_new_doc",
+		},
 	})
 
 	err := runDocsCreateShortcut(t, f, stdout, []string{
 		"+create",
 		"--api-version", "v1",
-		"--title", "项目计划",
-		"--markdown", "## 目标",
+		"--content", "<title>项目计划</title>",
 		"--as", "user",
 	})
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
 	}
-
 	data := decodeDocsCreateEnvelope(t, stdout)
-	if got, want := data["doc_url"], "https://www.feishu.cn/docx/doxcn_new_doc"; got != want {
-		t.Fatalf("doc_url = %#v, want %q (brand-standard fallback)", got, want)
+	doc, _ := data["document"].(map[string]interface{})
+	if got, want := doc["document_id"], "doxcn_new_doc"; got != want {
+		t.Fatalf("document.document_id = %#v, want %q", got, want)
 	}
 }
 
-func TestDocsCreateV1PreservesBackendDocURL(t *testing.T) {
+func TestDocsCreateRejectsLegacyV1Flags(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 
-	f, stdout, _, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, docsCreateTestConfig(t, ""))
-	registerDocsCreateMCPStub(reg, map[string]interface{}{
-		"doc_id":  "doxcn_new_doc",
-		"doc_url": "https://tenant.feishu.cn/docx/doxcn_new_doc",
-		"message": "文档创建成功",
-	})
-
+	f, stdout, _, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, docsCreateTestConfig(t, ""))
 	err := runDocsCreateShortcut(t, f, stdout, []string{
 		"+create",
-		"--api-version", "v1",
 		"--title", "项目计划",
 		"--markdown", "## 目标",
 		"--as", "user",
 	})
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected legacy v1 flags to be rejected")
 	}
-
-	data := decodeDocsCreateEnvelope(t, stdout)
-	if got, want := data["doc_url"], "https://tenant.feishu.cn/docx/doxcn_new_doc"; got != want {
-		t.Fatalf("doc_url = %#v, want backend tenant URL %q (fallback must not overwrite)", got, want)
+	for _, want := range []string{
+		"docs +create is v2-only",
+		"the old v1 interface has been shut down",
+		"legacy v1 flag(s) --title, --markdown are no longer supported",
+		"--title -> put the title in --content",
+		"--markdown -> use --content with --doc-format markdown",
+		"lark-cli skills read lark-doc references/lark-doc-create.md",
+		"lark-cli skills read lark-doc references/lark-doc-xml.md",
+		"lark-cli skills read lark-doc references/lark-doc-md.md",
+		"follow the latest format rules",
+		"MUST NOT grep/open local SKILL.md files",
+		"lark-cli docs +create --help",
+	} {
+		if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), want) {
+			t.Fatalf("error missing %q: %v", want, err)
+		}
 	}
 }
 
@@ -421,24 +335,6 @@ func registerDocsCreateAPIStub(reg *httpmock.Registry, data map[string]interface
 	})
 }
 
-func registerDocsCreateMCPStub(reg *httpmock.Registry, result map[string]interface{}) {
-	payload, _ := json.Marshal(result)
-	reg.Register(&httpmock.Stub{
-		Method: "POST",
-		URL:    "/mcp",
-		Body: map[string]interface{}{
-			"result": map[string]interface{}{
-				"content": []map[string]interface{}{
-					{
-						"type": "text",
-						"text": string(payload),
-					},
-				},
-			},
-		},
-	})
-}
-
 func runDocsCreateShortcut(t *testing.T, f *cmdutil.Factory, stdout *bytes.Buffer, args []string) error {
 	t.Helper()
 

shortcuts/doc/docs_create_v2.go

@@ -13,14 +13,17 @@ import (
 // v2CreateFlags returns the flag definitions for the v2 (OpenAPI) create path.
 func v2CreateFlags() []common.Flag {
 	return []common.Flag{
-		{Name: "content", Desc: "document content (XML or Markdown)", Hidden: true, Input: []string{common.File, common.Stdin}},
-		{Name: "doc-format", Desc: "content format (prefer XML)", Hidden: true, Default: "xml", Enum: []string{"xml", "markdown"}},
-		{Name: "parent-token", Desc: "parent folder or wiki-node token", Hidden: true},
-		{Name: "parent-position", Desc: "parent position (e.g. my_library)", Hidden: true},
+		{Name: "content", Desc: "document body; XML by default or Markdown when --doc-format markdown. " + docsContentSkillHelp + "; use --help for the latest command flags", Input: []string{common.File, common.Stdin}},
+		{Name: "doc-format", Desc: "content format; xml is default and supports richer DocxXML blocks, markdown imports plain Markdown", Default: "xml", Enum: []string{"xml", "markdown"}},
+		{Name: "parent-token", Desc: "parent folder token or wiki node token; mutually exclusive with --parent-position"},
+		{Name: "parent-position", Desc: "parent position such as my_library; mutually exclusive with --parent-token"},
 	}
 }
 
 func validateCreateV2(_ context.Context, runtime *common.RuntimeContext) error {
+	if err := validateDocsV2Only(runtime, "+create", docsCreateLegacyFlags()); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
 	if runtime.Str("content") == "" {
 		return common.FlagErrorf("--content is required")
 	}

shortcuts/doc/docs_fetch.go

@@ -5,40 +5,13 @@ package doc
 
 import (
 	"context"
-	"fmt"
-	"io"
-	"strconv"
-
-	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/shortcuts/common"
 )
 
-// v1FetchFlags returns the flag definitions for the v1 (MCP) fetch path.
+// v1FetchFlags returns hidden parse-only compatibility flags for old v1 commands.
 func v1FetchFlags() []common.Flag {
-	return []common.Flag{
-		{Name: "offset", Desc: "pagination offset", Hidden: true},
-		{Name: "limit", Desc: "pagination limit", Hidden: true},
-	}
-}
-
-var docsFetchFlagVersions = buildFlagVersionMap(v1FetchFlags(), v2FetchFlags())
-
-// useV2Fetch returns true when the v2 (OpenAPI) fetch path should be used.
-// Explicit --api-version v2 takes priority; otherwise auto-detect by the
-// presence of any v2-only flag on the command line — we check pflag.Changed
-// rather than the value so that explicitly typing `--detail simple` (equal
-// to the default) still routes to v2.
-func useV2Fetch(runtime *common.RuntimeContext) bool {
-	if runtime.Str("api-version") == "v2" {
-		return true
-	}
-	for _, name := range []string{"detail", "doc-format", "scope", "revision-id", "start-block-id", "end-block-id", "keyword", "context-before", "context-after", "max-depth"} {
-		if runtime.Changed(name) {
-			return true
-		}
-	}
-	return false
+	return docsLegacyFlagDefinitions(docsFetchLegacyFlags())
 }
 
 var DocsFetch = common.Shortcut{
@@ -49,88 +22,22 @@ var DocsFetch = common.Shortcut{
 	Scopes:      []string{"docx:document:readonly"},
 	AuthTypes:   []string{"user", "bot"},
 	HasFormat:   true,
-	Tips:        docsVersionSelectionTips,
+	PostMount:   installDocsShortcutHelp("+fetch"),
 	Flags: concatFlags(
 		[]common.Flag{
-			{Name: "api-version", Desc: "API version", Default: "v1", Enum: []string{"v1", "v2"}},
+			docsAPIVersionCompatFlag(),
 			{Name: "doc", Desc: "document URL or token", Required: true},
 		},
-		v1FetchFlags(),
 		v2FetchFlags(),
+		v1FetchFlags(),
 	),
 	Validate: func(ctx context.Context, runtime *common.RuntimeContext) error {
-		if useV2Fetch(runtime) {
-			return validateFetchV2(ctx, runtime)
-		}
-		return nil
+		return validateFetchV2(ctx, runtime)
 	},
 	DryRun: func(ctx context.Context, runtime *common.RuntimeContext) *common.DryRunAPI {
-		if useV2Fetch(runtime) {
-			return dryRunFetchV2(ctx, runtime)
-		}
-		return dryRunFetchV1(ctx, runtime)
+		return dryRunFetchV2(ctx, runtime)
 	},
 	Execute: func(ctx context.Context, runtime *common.RuntimeContext) error {
-		if useV2Fetch(runtime) {
-			return executeFetchV2(ctx, runtime)
-		}
-		return executeFetchV1(ctx, runtime)
-	},
-	PostMount: func(cmd *cobra.Command) {
-		installVersionedHelp(cmd, "v1", docsFetchFlagVersions)
+		return executeFetchV2(ctx, runtime)
 	},
 }
-
-// ── V1 (MCP) implementation ──
-
-func dryRunFetchV1(_ context.Context, runtime *common.RuntimeContext) *common.DryRunAPI {
-	args := buildFetchArgsV1(runtime)
-	return common.NewDryRunAPI().
-		POST(common.MCPEndpoint(runtime.Config.Brand)).
-		Desc("MCP tool: fetch-doc").
-		Body(map[string]interface{}{"method": "tools/call", "params": map[string]interface{}{"name": "fetch-doc", "arguments": args}}).
-		Set("mcp_tool", "fetch-doc").Set("args", args)
-}
-
-func executeFetchV1(_ context.Context, runtime *common.RuntimeContext) error {
-	warnDeprecatedV1(runtime, "+fetch")
-	args := buildFetchArgsV1(runtime)
-
-	result, err := common.CallMCPTool(runtime, "fetch-doc", args)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	if md, ok := result["markdown"].(string); ok {
-		result["markdown"] = fixExportedMarkdown(md)
-	}
-
-	runtime.OutFormat(result, nil, func(w io.Writer) {
-		if title, ok := result["title"].(string); ok && title != "" {
-			fmt.Fprintf(w, "# %s\n\n", title)
-		}
-		if md, ok := result["markdown"].(string); ok {
-			fmt.Fprintln(w, md)
-		}
-		if hasMore, ok := result["has_more"].(bool); ok && hasMore {
-			fmt.Fprintln(w, "\n--- more content available, use --offset and --limit to paginate ---")
-		}
-	})
-	return nil
-}
-
-func buildFetchArgsV1(runtime *common.RuntimeContext) map[string]interface{} {
-	args := map[string]interface{}{
-		"doc_id":           runtime.Str("doc"),
-		"skip_task_detail": true,
-	}
-	if v := runtime.Str("offset"); v != "" {
-		n, _ := strconv.Atoi(v)
-		args["offset"] = n
-	}
-	if v := runtime.Str("limit"); v != "" {
-		n, _ := strconv.Atoi(v)
-		args["limit"] = n
-	}
-	return args
-}

shortcuts/doc/docs_fetch_v2.go

@@ -16,16 +16,16 @@ import (
 // v2FetchFlags returns the flag definitions for the v2 (OpenAPI) fetch path.
 func v2FetchFlags() []common.Flag {
 	return []common.Flag{
-		{Name: "doc-format", Desc: "content format", Hidden: true, Default: "xml", Enum: []string{"xml", "markdown"}},
-		{Name: "detail", Desc: "export detail level: simple (read-only) | with-ids (block IDs for cross-referencing) | full (all attrs for editing)", Hidden: true, Default: "simple", Enum: []string{"simple", "with-ids", "full"}},
-		{Name: "revision-id", Desc: "document revision (-1 = latest)", Hidden: true, Type: "int", Default: "-1"},
-		{Name: "scope", Desc: "partial read scope: outline | range | keyword | section (omit to read whole doc)", Default: "full", Enum: []string{"full", "outline", "range", "keyword", "section"}},
-		{Name: "start-block-id", Desc: "range/section mode: start (anchor) block id"},
-		{Name: "end-block-id", Desc: "range mode: end block id; \"-1\" = to end of document"},
-		{Name: "keyword", Desc: "keyword mode: substring + regex match (case-insensitive); use '|' for OR branches, e.g. 'foo|bar' or 'bug|缺陷'"},
-		{Name: "context-before", Desc: "range/keyword/section mode: sibling blocks before match", Type: "int", Default: "0"},
-		{Name: "context-after", Desc: "range/keyword/section mode: sibling blocks after match", Type: "int", Default: "0"},
-		{Name: "max-depth", Desc: "outline: heading level cap; range/keyword/section: block subtree depth (-1 = unlimited)", Type: "int", Default: "-1"},
+		{Name: "doc-format", Desc: "output content format; xml keeps DocxXML structure and optional block ids, markdown is plain export", Default: "xml", Enum: []string{"xml", "markdown"}},
+		{Name: "detail", Desc: "detail level; simple for reading, with-ids for block references, full for styles and edit metadata", Default: "simple", Enum: []string{"simple", "with-ids", "full"}},
+		{Name: "revision-id", Desc: "document revision id; -1 means latest", Type: "int", Default: "-1"},
+		{Name: "scope", Desc: "read scope; full reads whole doc, outline lists headings, section expands from heading anchor, range uses block ids, keyword searches text", Default: "full", Enum: []string{"full", "outline", "range", "keyword", "section"}},
+		{Name: "start-block-id", Desc: "range/section anchor block id; required for section and optional start for range"},
+		{Name: "end-block-id", Desc: "range end block id; -1 means through document end"},
+		{Name: "keyword", Desc: "keyword scope query; supports case-insensitive substring/regex fallback and '|' OR branches, e.g. foo|bar or bug|缺陷"},
+		{Name: "context-before", Desc: "range/keyword/section context: sibling blocks before selected top-level blocks", Type: "int", Default: "0"},
+		{Name: "context-after", Desc: "range/keyword/section context: sibling blocks after selected top-level blocks", Type: "int", Default: "0"},
+		{Name: "max-depth", Desc: "outline heading level cap; other scopes subtree depth where -1 is unlimited and 0 is block only", Type: "int", Default: "-1"},
 	}
 }
 
@@ -33,6 +33,9 @@ func v2FetchFlags() []common.Flag {
 // --dry-run so that invalid input fails with a structured exit code (2) and
 // JSON envelope instead of slipping through dry-run as a "success".
 func validateFetchV2(_ context.Context, runtime *common.RuntimeContext) error {
+	if err := validateDocsV2Only(runtime, "+fetch", docsFetchLegacyFlags()); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
 	if _, err := parseDocumentRef(runtime.Str("doc")); err != nil {
 		return common.FlagErrorf("invalid --doc: %v", err)
 	}

shortcuts/doc/docs_fetch_v2_test.go

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ package doc
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"strings"
 	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/shortcuts/common"
@@ -58,6 +59,82 @@ func TestBuildFetchBodyOmitsEmptyScene(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestDocsFetchDryRunDefaultsToV2Endpoint(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	runtime := newFetchShortcutTestRuntime(t, "", nil)
+	if err := validateFetchV2(context.Background(), runtime); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("validateFetchV2() error = %v", err)
+	}
+
+	dry := decodeDocDryRun(t, DocsFetch.DryRun(context.Background(), runtime))
+	if len(dry.API) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 1 dry-run API call, got %d", len(dry.API))
+	}
+	if got, want := dry.API[0].URL, "/open-apis/docs_ai/v1/documents/doxcnFetchDryRun/fetch"; got != want {
+		t.Fatalf("dry-run URL = %q, want %q", got, want)
+	}
+	if got, want := dry.API[0].Body["format"], "xml"; got != want {
+		t.Fatalf("dry-run format = %#v, want %q", got, want)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDocsFetchAPIVersionV1StillUsesV2Endpoint(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	runtime := newFetchShortcutTestRuntime(t, "v1", nil)
+	if err := validateFetchV2(context.Background(), runtime); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("validateFetchV2() error = %v", err)
+	}
+
+	dry := decodeDocDryRun(t, DocsFetch.DryRun(context.Background(), runtime))
+	if len(dry.API) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 1 dry-run API call, got %d", len(dry.API))
+	}
+	if got, want := dry.API[0].URL, "/open-apis/docs_ai/v1/documents/doxcnFetchDryRun/fetch"; got != want {
+		t.Fatalf("dry-run URL = %q, want %q", got, want)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDocsFetchRejectsLegacyFlags(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name     string
+		setFlags map[string]string
+		want     []string
+	}{
+		{
+			name:     "legacy offset",
+			setFlags: map[string]string{"offset": "10"},
+			want: []string{
+				"docs +fetch is v2-only",
+				"the old v1 interface has been shut down",
+				"legacy v1 flag(s) --offset are no longer supported",
+				"--offset -> use --scope outline/range/keyword/section",
+				"lark-cli skills read lark-doc references/lark-doc-fetch.md",
+				"MUST NOT grep/open local SKILL.md files",
+				"lark-cli docs +fetch --help",
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			t.Parallel()
+
+			runtime := newFetchShortcutTestRuntime(t, "", tt.setFlags)
+			err := validateFetchV2(context.Background(), runtime)
+			if err == nil {
+				t.Fatal("expected v2-only validation error")
+			}
+			for _, want := range tt.want {
+				if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), want) {
+					t.Fatalf("error missing %q: %v", want, err)
+				}
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
 func newFetchBodyTestRuntime(ctx context.Context) *common.RuntimeContext {
 	cmd := &cobra.Command{Use: "+fetch"}
 	cmd.Flags().String("doc-format", "xml", "")
@@ -73,6 +150,37 @@ func newFetchBodyTestRuntime(ctx context.Context) *common.RuntimeContext {
 	return common.TestNewRuntimeContextWithCtx(ctx, cmd, nil)
 }
 
+func newFetchShortcutTestRuntime(t *testing.T, apiVersion string, setFlags map[string]string) *common.RuntimeContext {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	cmd := &cobra.Command{Use: "+fetch"}
+	cmd.Flags().String("api-version", "", "")
+	cmd.Flags().String("doc", "doxcnFetchDryRun", "")
+	cmd.Flags().String("doc-format", "xml", "")
+	cmd.Flags().String("detail", "simple", "")
+	cmd.Flags().Int("revision-id", -1, "")
+	cmd.Flags().String("scope", "full", "")
+	cmd.Flags().String("start-block-id", "", "")
+	cmd.Flags().String("end-block-id", "", "")
+	cmd.Flags().String("keyword", "", "")
+	cmd.Flags().Int("context-before", 0, "")
+	cmd.Flags().Int("context-after", 0, "")
+	cmd.Flags().Int("max-depth", -1, "")
+	cmd.Flags().String("offset", "", "")
+	cmd.Flags().String("limit", "", "")
+	if apiVersion != "" {
+		if err := cmd.Flags().Set("api-version", apiVersion); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("set api-version: %v", err)
+		}
+	}
+	for name, value := range setFlags {
+		if err := cmd.Flags().Set(name, value); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("set %s: %v", name, err)
+		}
+	}
+	return common.TestNewRuntimeContext(cmd, nil)
+}
+
 func newCreateBodyTestRuntime(ctx context.Context) *common.RuntimeContext {
 	cmd := &cobra.Command{Use: "+create"}
 	cmd.Flags().String("doc-format", "xml", "")

shortcuts/doc/docs_update.go

@@ -5,57 +5,13 @@ package doc
 
 import (
 	"context"
-	"fmt"
-	"regexp"
-	"strings"
-
-	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/shortcuts/common"
 )
 
-var validModesV1 = map[string]bool{
-	"append":        true,
-	"overwrite":     true,
-	"replace_range": true,
-	"replace_all":   true,
-	"insert_before": true,
-	"insert_after":  true,
-	"delete_range":  true,
-}
-
-var needsSelectionV1 = map[string]bool{
-	"replace_range": true,
-	"replace_all":   true,
-	"insert_before": true,
-	"insert_after":  true,
-	"delete_range":  true,
-}
-
-// v1UpdateFlags returns the flag definitions for the v1 (MCP) update path.
+// v1UpdateFlags returns hidden parse-only compatibility flags for old v1 commands.
 func v1UpdateFlags() []common.Flag {
-	return []common.Flag{
-		{Name: "mode", Desc: "update mode: append | overwrite | replace_range | replace_all | insert_before | insert_after | delete_range", Hidden: true},
-		{Name: "markdown", Desc: "new content (Lark-flavored Markdown; create blank whiteboards with <whiteboard type=\"blank\"></whiteboard>, repeat to create multiple boards)", Hidden: true, Input: []string{common.File, common.Stdin}},
-		{Name: "selection-with-ellipsis", Desc: "content locator (e.g. 'start...end')", Hidden: true},
-		{Name: "selection-by-title", Desc: "title locator (e.g. '## Section')", Hidden: true},
-		{Name: "new-title", Desc: "also update document title", Hidden: true},
-	}
-}
-
-var docsUpdateFlagVersions = buildFlagVersionMap(v1UpdateFlags(), v2UpdateFlags())
-
-// useV2Update returns true when the v2 (OpenAPI) update path should be used.
-// Explicit --api-version v2 takes priority; otherwise auto-detect by v2-only flags.
-func useV2Update(runtime *common.RuntimeContext) bool {
-	if runtime.Str("api-version") == "v2" {
-		return true
-	}
-	return runtime.Str("command") != "" ||
-		runtime.Str("content") != "" ||
-		runtime.Str("pattern") != "" ||
-		runtime.Str("block-id") != "" ||
-		runtime.Str("src-block-ids") != ""
+	return docsLegacyFlagDefinitions(docsUpdateLegacyFlags())
 }
 
 var DocsUpdate = common.Shortcut{
@@ -65,225 +21,22 @@ var DocsUpdate = common.Shortcut{
 	Risk:        "write",
 	Scopes:      []string{"docx:document:write_only", "docx:document:readonly"},
 	AuthTypes:   []string{"user", "bot"},
-	Tips:        docsVersionSelectionTips,
+	PostMount:   installDocsShortcutHelp("+update"),
 	Flags: concatFlags(
 		[]common.Flag{
-			{Name: "api-version", Desc: "API version", Default: "v1", Enum: []string{"v1", "v2"}},
+			docsAPIVersionCompatFlag(),
 			{Name: "doc", Desc: "document URL or token", Required: true},
 		},
-		v1UpdateFlags(),
 		v2UpdateFlags(),
+		v1UpdateFlags(),
 	),
 	Validate: func(ctx context.Context, runtime *common.RuntimeContext) error {
-		if useV2Update(runtime) {
-			return validateUpdateV2(ctx, runtime)
-		}
-		return validateUpdateV1(ctx, runtime)
+		return validateUpdateV2(ctx, runtime)
 	},
 	DryRun: func(ctx context.Context, runtime *common.RuntimeContext) *common.DryRunAPI {
-		if useV2Update(runtime) {
-			return dryRunUpdateV2(ctx, runtime)
-		}
-		return dryRunUpdateV1(ctx, runtime)
+		return dryRunUpdateV2(ctx, runtime)
 	},
 	Execute: func(ctx context.Context, runtime *common.RuntimeContext) error {
-		if useV2Update(runtime) {
-			return executeUpdateV2(ctx, runtime)
-		}
-		return executeUpdateV1(ctx, runtime)
-	},
-	PostMount: func(cmd *cobra.Command) {
-		installVersionedHelp(cmd, "v1", docsUpdateFlagVersions)
+		return executeUpdateV2(ctx, runtime)
 	},
 }
-
-// ── V1 (MCP) implementation ──
-
-func validateUpdateV1(_ context.Context, runtime *common.RuntimeContext) error {
-	mode := runtime.Str("mode")
-	if mode == "" {
-		return common.FlagErrorf("--mode is required")
-	}
-	if !validModesV1[mode] {
-		return common.FlagErrorf("invalid --mode %q, valid: append | overwrite | replace_range | replace_all | insert_before | insert_after | delete_range", mode)
-	}
-
-	if mode != "delete_range" && runtime.Str("markdown") == "" {
-		return common.FlagErrorf("--%s mode requires --markdown", mode)
-	}
-
-	selEllipsis := runtime.Str("selection-with-ellipsis")
-	selTitle := runtime.Str("selection-by-title")
-	if selEllipsis != "" && selTitle != "" {
-		return common.FlagErrorf("--selection-with-ellipsis and --selection-by-title are mutually exclusive")
-	}
-
-	if needsSelectionV1[mode] && selEllipsis == "" && selTitle == "" {
-		return common.FlagErrorf(selectionRequiredMessageV1(mode))
-	}
-	if err := validateSelectionByTitleV1(selTitle); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func selectionRequiredMessageV1(mode string) string {
-	msg := fmt.Sprintf("--%s mode requires --selection-with-ellipsis or --selection-by-title", mode)
-	if mode == "replace_all" {
-		msg += ". If you intended to replace the entire document body, use --mode overwrite instead."
-	}
-	return msg
-}
-
-func validateSelectionByTitleV1(title string) error {
-	if title == "" {
-		return nil
-	}
-	trimmed := strings.TrimSpace(title)
-	if strings.Contains(trimmed, "\n") || strings.Contains(trimmed, "\r") {
-		return common.FlagErrorf("--selection-by-title must be a single heading line (for example: '## Section')")
-	}
-	if strings.HasPrefix(trimmed, "#") {
-		return nil
-	}
-	return common.FlagErrorf("--selection-by-title must include markdown heading prefix '#'. Example: --selection-by-title '## Section'")
-}
-
-func dryRunUpdateV1(_ context.Context, runtime *common.RuntimeContext) *common.DryRunAPI {
-	args := buildUpdateArgsV1(runtime)
-	return common.NewDryRunAPI().
-		POST(common.MCPEndpoint(runtime.Config.Brand)).
-		Desc("MCP tool: update-doc").
-		Body(map[string]interface{}{"method": "tools/call", "params": map[string]interface{}{"name": "update-doc", "arguments": args}}).
-		Set("mcp_tool", "update-doc").Set("args", args)
-}
-
-func executeUpdateV1(_ context.Context, runtime *common.RuntimeContext) error {
-	warnDeprecatedV1(runtime, "+update")
-
-	// Static semantic checks run before the MCP call so users see
-	// warnings even if the subsequent request fails. They never block
-	// execution — the update still proceeds.
-	for _, w := range docsUpdateWarnings(runtime.Str("mode"), runtime.Str("markdown")) {
-		fmt.Fprintf(runtime.IO().ErrOut, "warning: %s\n", w)
-	}
-
-	// Overwrite replaces the entire document, silently discarding any
-	// whiteboard or file-attachment blocks that cannot be re-created from
-	// Markdown. Pre-fetch the current content and warn when such blocks
-	// are present so the caller can take a backup before proceeding.
-	if runtime.Str("mode") == "overwrite" {
-		if w := warnOverwriteResourceBlocks(runtime); w != "" {
-			fmt.Fprintf(runtime.IO().ErrOut, "warning: %s\n", w)
-		}
-	}
-
-	// Surface callout type= hint so users know to switch to background-color/
-	// border-color when they want a colored callout. Non-blocking, advisory.
-	if md := runtime.Str("markdown"); md != "" {
-		WarnCalloutType(md, runtime.IO().ErrOut)
-	}
-
-	args := buildUpdateArgsV1(runtime)
-
-	result, err := common.CallMCPTool(runtime, "update-doc", args)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	normalizeWhiteboardResult(result, runtime.Str("markdown"))
-	runtime.Out(result, nil)
-	return nil
-}
-
-func buildUpdateArgsV1(runtime *common.RuntimeContext) map[string]interface{} {
-	args := map[string]interface{}{
-		"doc_id": runtime.Str("doc"),
-		"mode":   runtime.Str("mode"),
-	}
-	if v := runtime.Str("markdown"); v != "" {
-		args["markdown"] = v
-	}
-	if v := runtime.Str("selection-with-ellipsis"); v != "" {
-		args["selection_with_ellipsis"] = v
-	}
-	if v := runtime.Str("selection-by-title"); v != "" {
-		args["selection_by_title"] = v
-	}
-	if v := runtime.Str("new-title"); v != "" {
-		args["new_title"] = v
-	}
-	return args
-}
-
-// resourceBlockRe matches the opening of a <whiteboard …> or <file …> tag
-// (followed by whitespace, > or /) to avoid false positives on tag names like
-// <file-view> or prose that merely mentions the word "whiteboard".
-var resourceBlockRe = regexp.MustCompile(`<(whiteboard|file)[\s/>]`)
-
-// warnOverwriteResourceBlocks pre-fetches the current document and returns a
-// non-empty warning string when the document contains whiteboard or file
-// attachment blocks that would be permanently deleted by an overwrite. Returns
-// an empty string (no warning) when the document is clean or the fetch fails
-// (we never block the overwrite on a best-effort check).
-//
-// This function is not unit-tested because it depends on an external MCP call
-// (fetch-doc). The pure detection logic lives in checkOverwriteResourceBlocks,
-// which has full table-driven coverage.
-//
-// Performance: this adds one extra fetch-doc round-trip to every --mode overwrite
-// call, even when the document has no resource blocks. The cost is intentional:
-// the guard is best-effort and silent on failure, so the latency is bounded and
-// the trade-off is acceptable to avoid silent data loss.
-func warnOverwriteResourceBlocks(runtime *common.RuntimeContext) string {
-	args := map[string]interface{}{
-		"doc_id": runtime.Str("doc"),
-		// skip_task_detail reduces response payload by omitting per-block task
-		// metadata, making the pre-fetch faster and cheaper.
-		"skip_task_detail": true,
-	}
-	result, err := common.CallMCPTool(runtime, "fetch-doc", args)
-	if err != nil {
-		// Fetch failed — silently skip the guard rather than blocking overwrite.
-		return ""
-	}
-	md, _ := result["markdown"].(string)
-	return checkOverwriteResourceBlocks(md)
-}
-
-// checkOverwriteResourceBlocks scans Markdown for resource block tags that
-// cannot survive an overwrite: <whiteboard …> and <file …>. Returns a
-// warning string listing the counts if any are found, empty string otherwise.
-func checkOverwriteResourceBlocks(markdown string) string {
-	matches := resourceBlockRe.FindAllStringSubmatch(markdown, -1)
-	whiteboards, files := 0, 0
-	for _, m := range matches {
-		switch m[1] {
-		case "whiteboard":
-			whiteboards++
-		case "file":
-			files++
-		}
-	}
-	var found []string
-	if whiteboards == 1 {
-		found = append(found, "1 whiteboard block")
-	} else if whiteboards > 1 {
-		found = append(found, fmt.Sprintf("%d whiteboard blocks", whiteboards))
-	}
-	if files == 1 {
-		found = append(found, "1 file attachment block")
-	} else if files > 1 {
-		found = append(found, fmt.Sprintf("%d file attachment blocks", files))
-	}
-	if len(found) == 0 {
-		return ""
-	}
-	return fmt.Sprintf(
-		"the document contains %s that cannot be reconstructed from Markdown; "+
-			"overwrite will permanently delete them. "+
-			"Consider fetching a backup with `docs +fetch` before overwriting.",
-		strings.Join(found, " and "),
-	)
-}

shortcuts/doc/docs_update_check.go

@@ -1,281 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
-
-package doc
-
-import (
-	"regexp"
-	"strings"
-)
-
-// docsUpdateWarnings returns a list of human-readable warnings for a
-// `docs +update` invocation based on static analysis of the mode and
-// Markdown payload. The warnings describe CLI/MCP contract edges that
-// commonly surprise users; the update is still executed — callers
-// decide whether to stop at a warning.
-//
-// Both checks ignore fenced code blocks (```…``` and ~~~…~~~, with up
-// to 3 leading spaces per CommonMark §4.5), inline code spans, and
-// backslash-escaped emphasis markers so that literal Markdown content
-// embedded in code samples or escaped prose does not produce false
-// positives.
-//
-// Warnings emitted (current):
-//
-//  1. replace_* modes do not split blocks. A Markdown payload containing
-//     a blank line (\n\n) in prose implies the caller expects multiple
-//     paragraphs, but replace_range / replace_all only swap in-block
-//     text. The resulting block will contain the blank line as literal
-//     text and appear as a single paragraph in the UI.
-//
-//  2. Lark does not round-trip bold+italic. Six shapes are detected:
-//     ***text***   ___text___
-//     **_text_**   __*text*__
-//     _**text**_   *__text__*
-//     Lark stores only one of the two emphases (usually italic), silently
-//     dropping the other. The user wanted both; they will get one.
-func docsUpdateWarnings(mode, markdown string) []string {
-	var warnings []string
-	if w := checkDocsUpdateReplaceMultilineMarkdown(mode, markdown); w != "" {
-		warnings = append(warnings, w)
-	}
-	if w := checkDocsUpdateBoldItalic(markdown); w != "" {
-		warnings = append(warnings, w)
-	}
-	return warnings
-}
-
-// checkDocsUpdateReplaceMultilineMarkdown flags markdown that contains a
-// blank-line paragraph break outside fenced code blocks under a replace_*
-// mode. Blank lines inside code fences are literal content and don't
-// imply paragraph semantics, so they are deliberately ignored.
-func checkDocsUpdateReplaceMultilineMarkdown(mode, markdown string) string {
-	if mode != "replace_range" && mode != "replace_all" {
-		return ""
-	}
-	// A CR/LF-robust check: both "\n\n" and "\r\n\r\n" count as paragraph
-	// separators. We normalize line endings once before detection.
-	normalized := strings.ReplaceAll(markdown, "\r\n", "\n")
-	if !proseHasBlankLine(normalized) {
-		return ""
-	}
-	return "--mode=" + mode + " does not split a block into multiple paragraphs; " +
-		"the blank line in --markdown will render as literal text. " +
-		"For multiple paragraphs, use --mode=delete_range followed by --mode=insert_before."
-}
-
-// combinedEmphasisPatterns holds the six documented combined-emphasis shapes
-// that Lark downgrades to a single emphasis. Each entry pairs a regex with a
-// short shape label for the warning message. The two forms per shape (with
-// and without `[^…]*?`) are there because the lazy quantifier needs at least
-// one non-delimiter character to match; single-rune payloads (e.g. `***X***`)
-// take the second alternation.
-var combinedEmphasisPatterns = []struct {
-	shape string
-	re    *regexp.Regexp
-}{
-	// Bold+italic with a single delimiter char.
-	{"***text***", regexp.MustCompile(`\*\*\*\S[^*]*?\S\*\*\*|\*\*\*\S\*\*\*`)},
-	{"___text___", regexp.MustCompile(`___\S[^_]*?\S___|___\S___`)},
-
-	// Bold wrapping italic (asterisk outside).
-	{"**_text_**", regexp.MustCompile(`\*\*_\S[^_*]*?\S_\*\*|\*\*_\S_\*\*`)},
-	{"__*text*__", regexp.MustCompile(`__\*\S[^_*]*?\S\*__|__\*\S\*__`)},
-
-	// Italic wrapping bold (asterisk inside).
-	{"_**text**_", regexp.MustCompile(`_\*\*\S[^_*]*?\S\*\*_|_\*\*\S\*\*_`)},
-	{"*__text__*", regexp.MustCompile(`\*__\S[^_*]*?\S__\*|\*__\S__\*`)},
-}
-
-// checkDocsUpdateBoldItalic flags Markdown emphases that attempt to
-// combine bold and italic in a way Lark cannot represent. Fenced code
-// blocks, inline code spans, and backslash-escaped emphasis markers are
-// stripped first so that literal markdown examples ("here is a
-// `***keyword***` to flag") do not trigger the warning.
-func checkDocsUpdateBoldItalic(markdown string) string {
-	if markdown == "" {
-		return ""
-	}
-	sanitized := stripEscapedEmphasisMarkers(stripMarkdownCodeRegions(markdown))
-	for _, p := range combinedEmphasisPatterns {
-		if p.re.MatchString(sanitized) {
-			return "Lark does not support combined bold+italic markers " +
-				"(e.g. ***text***, ___text___, **_text_**, _**text**_, __*text*__, *__text__*); " +
-				"the emphasis will be downgraded to either bold or italic. " +
-				"Split into two separate emphases or drop one of them."
-		}
-	}
-	return ""
-}
-
-// proseHasBlankLine reports whether markdown contains a blank line outside
-// of fenced code blocks. Blank lines inside ```...``` or ~~~...~~~ fences
-// are code content, not paragraph separators, and must not trip the
-// "replace_* cannot split paragraphs" warning.
-//
-// A blank line counts only when it sits between two non-blank boundaries
-// (other prose, or a fence open/close). A trailing empty line at EOF is
-// not treated as "\n\n".
-func proseHasBlankLine(markdown string) bool {
-	lines := strings.Split(markdown, "\n")
-	inFence := false
-	var fenceMarker string
-	for i, line := range lines {
-		if inFence {
-			if isCodeFenceClose(line, fenceMarker) {
-				inFence = false
-				fenceMarker = ""
-			}
-			continue
-		}
-		if marker := codeFenceOpenMarker(line); marker != "" {
-			inFence = true
-			fenceMarker = marker
-			continue
-		}
-		if strings.TrimSpace(line) == "" && i > 0 && i+1 < len(lines) {
-			return true
-		}
-	}
-	return false
-}
-
-// stripMarkdownCodeRegions returns markdown with fenced code blocks blanked
-// out and inline code spans replaced by whitespace of equivalent length.
-// Byte offsets outside the masked regions are preserved, so follow-on
-// regex matches still point at real prose positions.
-func stripMarkdownCodeRegions(markdown string) string {
-	lines := strings.Split(markdown, "\n")
-	inFence := false
-	var fenceMarker string
-	for i, line := range lines {
-		if inFence {
-			if isCodeFenceClose(line, fenceMarker) {
-				inFence = false
-				fenceMarker = ""
-			}
-			lines[i] = ""
-			continue
-		}
-		if marker := codeFenceOpenMarker(line); marker != "" {
-			inFence = true
-			fenceMarker = marker
-			lines[i] = ""
-			continue
-		}
-		lines[i] = maskInlineCodeSpans(line)
-	}
-	return strings.Join(lines, "\n")
-}
-
-// maskInlineCodeSpans replaces the byte ranges of any inline code spans in
-// line with space characters of equal length. Uses scanInlineCodeSpans from
-// markdown_fix.go, which implements the CommonMark §6.1 matching-backtick-run
-// rule (so “ `a`b` “ is a single span).
-func maskInlineCodeSpans(line string) string {
-	spans := scanInlineCodeSpans(line)
-	if len(spans) == 0 {
-		return line
-	}
-	var sb strings.Builder
-	pos := 0
-	for _, loc := range spans {
-		sb.WriteString(line[pos:loc[0]])
-		sb.WriteString(strings.Repeat(" ", loc[1]-loc[0]))
-		pos = loc[1]
-	}
-	sb.WriteString(line[pos:])
-	return sb.String()
-}
-
-// stripEscapedEmphasisMarkers removes backslash-escaped '*' and '_' so the
-// bold/italic regexes don't treat literal sequences like `\***text***` as
-// real combined emphasis. CommonMark renders "\*" as a literal "*" with no
-// emphasis semantics; dropping the escape + its target from the detection
-// input keeps the heuristic aligned with what the renderer actually does.
-//
-// Known limitation: a doubled backslash escape ("\\" followed by a real
-// emphasis marker, e.g. `\\***text***`) renders as a literal backslash
-// followed by genuine combined emphasis, but this strip is not a proper
-// parser and will instead consume the second backslash as the opener for
-// another escape. That hides the real emphasis from the check, producing
-// a false negative. Practical impact is small (this shape is rare in the
-// kind of AI-Agent prompts we target) and the alternative — a full
-// CommonMark escape parser — is not worth the code surface here.
-func stripEscapedEmphasisMarkers(s string) string {
-	s = strings.ReplaceAll(s, `\*`, "")
-	s = strings.ReplaceAll(s, `\_`, "")
-	return s
-}
-
-// codeFenceOpenMarker returns the fence marker (e.g. "```" or "~~~~") if
-// line opens a fenced code block, otherwise "". Applies CommonMark §4.5
-// rules: up to 3 leading spaces are tolerated; 4+ leading spaces (or any
-// leading tab, which expands to 4 columns) make the line an indented code
-// block rather than a fence.
-func codeFenceOpenMarker(line string) string {
-	body, ok := fenceIndentOK(line)
-	if !ok {
-		return ""
-	}
-	switch {
-	case strings.HasPrefix(body, "```"):
-		return leadingRun(body, '`')
-	case strings.HasPrefix(body, "~~~"):
-		return leadingRun(body, '~')
-	}
-	return ""
-}
-
-// isCodeFenceClose reports whether line closes a fence opened with marker.
-// Per CommonMark §4.5 the closer must use the same fence character, be at
-// least as long as the opener, sit within 0..3 leading spaces, and carry
-// no info-string text.
-func isCodeFenceClose(line, marker string) bool {
-	if marker == "" {
-		return false
-	}
-	body, ok := fenceIndentOK(line)
-	if !ok {
-		return false
-	}
-	fenceChar := marker[0]
-	run := leadingRun(body, fenceChar)
-	if len(run) < len(marker) {
-		return false
-	}
-	return strings.TrimSpace(body[len(run):]) == ""
-}
-
-// fenceIndentOK returns (bodyWithoutLeadingSpaces, true) when line has
-// 0..3 leading spaces and no leading tab — i.e. the indentation is
-// permissible for a CommonMark fence. Returns ("", false) otherwise
-// (4+ leading spaces or any tab), meaning the line must be treated as
-// indented code block content rather than a fence boundary.
-func fenceIndentOK(line string) (string, bool) {
-	for i := 0; i < len(line) && i < 4; i++ {
-		switch line[i] {
-		case ' ':
-			continue
-		case '\t':
-			return "", false
-		default:
-			return line[i:], true
-		}
-	}
-	// Reached index 4 without hitting a non-space character: too indented.
-	if len(line) >= 4 {
-		return "", false
-	}
-	// Line shorter than 4 chars and all spaces — still valid (empty content).
-	return "", true
-}
-
-// leadingRun returns the longest prefix of s made up of the byte c.
-func leadingRun(s string, c byte) string {
-	i := 0
-	for i < len(s) && s[i] == c {
-		i++
-	}
-	return s[:i]
-}

shortcuts/doc/docs_update_check_test.go

@@ -1,375 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
-
-package doc
-
-import (
-	"strings"
-	"testing"
-)
-
-func TestCheckDocsUpdateReplaceMultilineMarkdown(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	tests := []struct {
-		name     string
-		mode     string
-		markdown string
-		wantHint bool
-	}{
-		{
-			name:     "replace_range with blank line emits hint",
-			mode:     "replace_range",
-			markdown: "new paragraph\n\nsecond paragraph",
-			wantHint: true,
-		},
-		{
-			name:     "replace_all with blank line emits hint",
-			mode:     "replace_all",
-			markdown: "first\n\nsecond",
-			wantHint: true,
-		},
-		{
-			name:     "replace_range single paragraph is fine",
-			mode:     "replace_range",
-			markdown: "just a single paragraph of text",
-			wantHint: false,
-		},
-		{
-			name:     "single newline is not a paragraph break",
-			mode:     "replace_range",
-			markdown: "line one\nline two",
-			wantHint: false,
-		},
-		{
-			name:     "crlf paragraph break is also detected",
-			mode:     "replace_range",
-			markdown: "first\r\n\r\nsecond",
-			wantHint: true,
-		},
-		{
-			name:     "other modes are not flagged",
-			mode:     "insert_before",
-			markdown: "first\n\nsecond",
-			wantHint: false,
-		},
-		{
-			name:     "append mode is not flagged",
-			mode:     "append",
-			markdown: "first\n\nsecond",
-			wantHint: false,
-		},
-		{
-			name:     "empty markdown is fine",
-			mode:     "replace_range",
-			markdown: "",
-			wantHint: false,
-		},
-		{
-			// The check must ignore blank lines inside fenced code; otherwise
-			// a user replacing one block with a legitimate code sample that
-			// contains blank lines would see a spurious warning.
-			name:     "blank line inside backtick fenced code is not flagged",
-			mode:     "replace_range",
-			markdown: "```\nline1\n\nline2\n```",
-			wantHint: false,
-		},
-		{
-			name:     "blank line inside tilde fenced code is not flagged",
-			mode:     "replace_range",
-			markdown: "~~~\ncode line one\n\ncode line two\n~~~",
-			wantHint: false,
-		},
-		{
-			// Mixed prose + fenced code: any blank line in prose still wins,
-			// even if the fenced content also contains blanks.
-			name:     "blank line in prose outside fence still flags even when fence has blanks",
-			mode:     "replace_range",
-			markdown: "first paragraph\n\nsecond paragraph\n\n```\ncode\n\nmore\n```",
-			wantHint: true,
-		},
-		{
-			// Fenced code with no blank lines inside must not trip on the
-			// fence markers themselves.
-			name:     "fenced code with no blank lines does not flag",
-			mode:     "replace_range",
-			markdown: "prose before\n```go\nfmt.Println(\"hi\")\n```\nprose after",
-			wantHint: false,
-		},
-		{
-			// CommonMark §4.5: the closing fence must be ≥ opening fence length.
-			// A 4-backtick close for a 3-backtick open is a legitimate way to
-			// embed triple-backticks in a code sample; the check must see the
-			// fence as properly closed and not treat the rest of the document
-			// as still-inside-fence.
-			name:     "longer close marker closes fence correctly",
-			mode:     "replace_range",
-			markdown: "```\nsome code\n````\n\nprose paragraph after",
-			wantHint: true, // the blank line AFTER the fence is real prose
-		},
-		{
-			name:     "longer close marker still hides blank line inside fence",
-			mode:     "replace_range",
-			markdown: "```\nbefore\n\nafter\n````",
-			wantHint: false,
-		},
-		{
-			// 4+ leading spaces make the line an indented code block, not a
-			// fence open. The "fence"-looking line is code content; the
-			// surrounding blank must still be detected.
-			name:     "four-space indented fence-like line is not a fence open",
-			mode:     "replace_range",
-			markdown: "first paragraph\n\n    ```\n    code\n    ```",
-			wantHint: true,
-		},
-		{
-			// A tab in the leading whitespace is always ≥4 columns and thus
-			// forces indented-code-block semantics.
-			name:     "tab-indented fence-like line is not a fence open",
-			mode:     "replace_range",
-			markdown: "first paragraph\n\n\t```\n\tcode\n\t```",
-			wantHint: true,
-		},
-		{
-			// 3 leading spaces is still within the fence-tolerance window.
-			name:     "three-space indented fence is still a fence",
-			mode:     "replace_range",
-			markdown: "   ```\ncode\n\nmore\n   ```",
-			wantHint: false,
-		},
-	}
-	for _, tt := range tests {
-		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			t.Parallel()
-			got := checkDocsUpdateReplaceMultilineMarkdown(tt.mode, tt.markdown)
-			hasHint := got != ""
-			if hasHint != tt.wantHint {
-				t.Fatalf("checkDocsUpdateReplaceMultilineMarkdown(%q, %q) = %q, wantHint=%v",
-					tt.mode, tt.markdown, got, tt.wantHint)
-			}
-			if tt.wantHint && (!strings.Contains(got, "delete_range") || !strings.Contains(got, "insert_before")) {
-				t.Errorf("hint should suggest delete_range/insert_before remediation, got: %s", got)
-			}
-		})
-	}
-}
-
-func TestCheckDocsUpdateBoldItalic(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	tests := []struct {
-		name     string
-		input    string
-		wantHint bool
-	}{
-		{
-			name:     "triple asterisks flagged",
-			input:    "a ***key insight*** here",
-			wantHint: true,
-		},
-		{
-			name:     "triple asterisks single char flagged",
-			input:    "a ***X*** here",
-			wantHint: true,
-		},
-		{
-			name:     "bold wrapping underscore italic flagged",
-			input:    "note: **_important_** detail",
-			wantHint: true,
-		},
-		{
-			name:     "underscore wrapping double asterisk flagged",
-			input:    "note: _**important**_ detail",
-			wantHint: true,
-		},
-		{
-			name:     "plain bold is fine",
-			input:    "this is **bold** text",
-			wantHint: false,
-		},
-		{
-			name:     "plain italic is fine",
-			input:    "this is *italic* or _italic_ text",
-			wantHint: false,
-		},
-		{
-			name:     "horizontal rule is not flagged",
-			input:    "paragraph\n\n---\n\nnext",
-			wantHint: false,
-		},
-		{
-			name:     "bold followed by italic with space is not flagged",
-			input:    "**bold** and *italic*",
-			wantHint: false,
-		},
-		{
-			name:     "empty input is fine",
-			input:    "",
-			wantHint: false,
-		},
-		{
-			// The emphasis check must not fire on literal Markdown samples
-			// inside a fenced code block — the canonical use case is docs
-			// authors pasting tutorials that demonstrate these exact patterns.
-			name:     "triple asterisks inside backtick fenced code is not flagged",
-			input:    "example:\n```\nthe shape ***keyword*** downgrades\n```",
-			wantHint: false,
-		},
-		{
-			name:     "underscore-bold inside fenced code is not flagged",
-			input:    "example:\n```markdown\nuse **_strong italic_** carefully\n```",
-			wantHint: false,
-		},
-		{
-			name:     "bold-underscore inside fenced code is not flagged",
-			input:    "example:\n~~~\n_**outside-underscore**_ is a bad shape\n~~~",
-			wantHint: false,
-		},
-		{
-			name:     "triple asterisks inside inline code span is not flagged",
-			input:    "the literal `***text***` marker is just a sample",
-			wantHint: false,
-		},
-		{
-			name:     "underscore-bold inside inline code is not flagged",
-			input:    "the shape `**_italic_**` would downgrade, but only if it were real",
-			wantHint: false,
-		},
-		{
-			name:     "escaped triple asterisks rendered as literal text is not flagged",
-			input:    `the literal \***text*** with escaped opener`,
-			wantHint: false,
-		},
-		{
-			name:     "escaped bold inside underscore-italic is not flagged",
-			input:    `shape \*\*_text_\*\* is literal, not emphasis`,
-			wantHint: false,
-		},
-		{
-			// Real emphasis outside the code span must still be detected —
-			// the strip step must not over-sanitize.
-			name:     "real triple asterisks outside inline code still flags",
-			input:    "real ***strong*** and literal `***keyword***` — the first one counts",
-			wantHint: true,
-		},
-		{
-			name:     "real triple asterisks outside fenced code still flags",
-			input:    "real ***strong***\n\n```\nliteral ***keyword*** in code\n```",
-			wantHint: true,
-		},
-		// --- Triple-underscore combined emphasis: ___text___ ---
-		{
-			name:     "triple underscores flagged",
-			input:    "a ___key insight___ here",
-			wantHint: true,
-		},
-		{
-			name:     "triple underscores single char flagged",
-			input:    "a ___X___ here",
-			wantHint: true,
-		},
-		{
-			name:     "triple underscores inside fenced code not flagged",
-			input:    "sample:\n```\nuse ___keyword___ carefully\n```",
-			wantHint: false,
-		},
-		{
-			name:     "triple underscores inside inline code not flagged",
-			input:    "the literal `___phrase___` marker",
-			wantHint: false,
-		},
-		{
-			name:     "escaped triple underscores not flagged",
-			input:    `literal \___phrase___ with escaped opener`,
-			wantHint: false,
-		},
-		// --- Underscore-bold wrapping asterisk-italic: __*text*__ ---
-		{
-			name:     "underscore-bold wrapping asterisk-italic flagged",
-			input:    "note: __*important*__ text",
-			wantHint: true,
-		},
-		{
-			name:     "underscore-bold wrapping asterisk-italic inside fenced code not flagged",
-			input:    "```\nnote: __*important*__ sample\n```",
-			wantHint: false,
-		},
-		{
-			name:     "underscore-bold wrapping asterisk-italic inside inline code not flagged",
-			input:    "literal `__*important*__` marker",
-			wantHint: false,
-		},
-		// --- Asterisk-italic wrapping underscore-bold: *__text__* ---
-		{
-			name:     "asterisk-italic wrapping underscore-bold flagged",
-			input:    "note: *__phrase__* text",
-			wantHint: true,
-		},
-		{
-			name:     "asterisk-italic wrapping underscore-bold inside fenced code not flagged",
-			input:    "```md\nnote: *__phrase__* sample\n```",
-			wantHint: false,
-		},
-		// --- Positive tests: real emphasis in prose coexisting with fake in code ---
-		{
-			// Underscore-variant in prose must still fire when an asterisk
-			// variant appears inside a code span — verifies the strip does
-			// not over-sanitize across the six regex alternatives.
-			name:     "real triple underscores outside inline code still flag when asterisk variant is in code",
-			input:    "real ___strong___ and literal `***shape***` in code",
-			wantHint: true,
-		},
-		{
-			// Longer close fence closes properly; real ***emphasis*** after
-			// the fence must fire.
-			name:     "real emphasis after a fence closed by longer marker still flags",
-			input:    "```\nliteral ***phrase*** in code\n````\n\nand then real ***phrase*** after",
-			wantHint: true,
-		},
-		{
-			// 4-space indented "```" is an indented code block, not a fence
-			// open. The fence helper should refuse it; emphasis outside the
-			// (non-existent) fence must still be detected.
-			name:     "four-space indented fence-like line does not open a fence for the emphasis check",
-			input:    "prose\n\n    ```\n    not a fence\n    ```\n\nreal ***strong*** here",
-			wantHint: true,
-		},
-		{
-			// 3-space indented fence is valid per CommonMark. Emphasis inside
-			// must be sanitized away, so the check must not fire.
-			name:     "three-space indented fence still hides triple-asterisk inside",
-			input:    "   ```\n   literal ***text*** inside\n   ```",
-			wantHint: false,
-		},
-	}
-	for _, tt := range tests {
-		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			t.Parallel()
-			got := checkDocsUpdateBoldItalic(tt.input)
-			hasHint := got != ""
-			if hasHint != tt.wantHint {
-				t.Fatalf("checkDocsUpdateBoldItalic(%q) = %q, wantHint=%v", tt.input, got, tt.wantHint)
-			}
-		})
-	}
-}
-
-func TestDocsUpdateWarningsAggregates(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	// Both flags trigger: replace_range with blank line AND triple-asterisk.
-	warnings := docsUpdateWarnings("replace_range", "***opening***\n\nsecond paragraph")
-	if len(warnings) != 2 {
-		t.Fatalf("expected 2 warnings, got %d: %v", len(warnings), warnings)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestDocsUpdateWarningsEmpty(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	// Clean markdown in a non-replace mode produces zero warnings.
-	warnings := docsUpdateWarnings("insert_before", "plain paragraph text")
-	if len(warnings) != 0 {
-		t.Fatalf("expected no warnings, got: %v", warnings)
-	}
-}

shortcuts/doc/docs_update_test.go

@@ -3,9 +3,12 @@
 package doc
 
 import (
-	"reflect"
+	"context"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/shortcuts/common"
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 )
 
 // ── V2 tests ──
@@ -31,199 +34,102 @@ func TestValidCommandsV2(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-// ── V1 tests ──
+func TestDocsUpdateDryRunAcceptsDeprecatedAPIVersionValues(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, apiVersion := range []string{"v1", "v2"} {
+		t.Run(apiVersion, func(t *testing.T) {
+			t.Parallel()
 
-func TestSelectionRequiredMessageV1ReplaceAllSuggestsOverwrite(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
+			runtime := newUpdateShortcutTestRuntime(t, apiVersion, nil)
+			if err := validateUpdateV2(context.Background(), runtime); err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("validateUpdateV2() error = %v", err)
+			}
 
-	msg := selectionRequiredMessageV1("replace_all")
-	for _, needle := range []string{
-		"--replace_all mode requires --selection-with-ellipsis or --selection-by-title",
-		"replace the entire document body",
-		"--mode overwrite",
-	} {
-		if !strings.Contains(msg, needle) {
-			t.Fatalf("message missing %q: %s", needle, msg)
-		}
+			dry := decodeDocDryRun(t, DocsUpdate.DryRun(context.Background(), runtime))
+			if len(dry.API) != 1 {
+				t.Fatalf("expected 1 dry-run API call, got %d", len(dry.API))
+			}
+			if got, want := dry.API[0].URL, "/open-apis/docs_ai/v1/documents/doxcnUpdateDryRun"; got != want {
+				t.Fatalf("dry-run URL = %q, want %q", got, want)
+			}
+			if got, want := dry.API[0].Body["command"], "block_insert_after"; got != want {
+				t.Fatalf("dry-run command = %#v, want %q", got, want)
+			}
+			if got, want := dry.API[0].Body["block_id"], "-1"; got != want {
+				t.Fatalf("dry-run block_id = %#v, want %q", got, want)
+			}
+		})
 	}
 }
 
-func TestSelectionRequiredMessageV1OtherModesDoNotSuggestOverwrite(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	msg := selectionRequiredMessageV1("replace_range")
-	if strings.Contains(msg, "--mode overwrite") {
-		t.Fatalf("replace_range message should not suggest overwrite: %s", msg)
-	}
-	if !strings.Contains(msg, "--replace_range mode requires --selection-with-ellipsis or --selection-by-title") {
-		t.Fatalf("unexpected message: %s", msg)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestIsWhiteboardCreateMarkdown(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Run("blank whiteboard tags", func(t *testing.T) {
-		markdown := "<whiteboard type=\"blank\"></whiteboard>\n<whiteboard type=\"blank\"></whiteboard>"
-		if !isWhiteboardCreateMarkdown(markdown) {
-			t.Fatalf("expected blank whiteboard markdown to be treated as whiteboard creation")
-		}
-	})
-
-	t.Run("mermaid code block", func(t *testing.T) {
-		markdown := "```mermaid\ngraph TD\nA-->B\n```"
-		if !isWhiteboardCreateMarkdown(markdown) {
-			t.Fatalf("expected mermaid markdown to be treated as whiteboard creation")
-		}
-	})
-
-	t.Run("plain markdown", func(t *testing.T) {
-		markdown := "## plain text"
-		if isWhiteboardCreateMarkdown(markdown) {
-			t.Fatalf("did not expect plain markdown to be treated as whiteboard creation")
-		}
-	})
-}
-
-func TestCheckOverwriteResourceBlocks(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
+func TestDocsUpdateRejectsLegacyFlags(t *testing.T) {
 	tests := []struct {
 		name     string
-		markdown string
-		wantWarn bool
-		wantSubs []string
+		setFlags map[string]string
+		want     []string
 	}{
 		{
-			name:     "empty markdown is clean",
-			markdown: "",
-			wantWarn: false,
-		},
-		{
-			name:     "plain prose is clean",
-			markdown: "## Heading\n\nsome text",
-			wantWarn: false,
-		},
-		{
-			name:     "single whiteboard triggers warning",
-			markdown: `<whiteboard token="abc123"/>`,
-			wantWarn: true,
-			wantSubs: []string{"1 whiteboard block", "overwrite"},
-		},
-		{
-			name:     "multiple whiteboards counted",
-			markdown: "<whiteboard token=\"a\"/>\n<whiteboard token=\"b\"/>",
-			wantWarn: true,
-			wantSubs: []string{"2 whiteboard blocks"},
-		},
-		{
-			name:     "single file attachment triggers warning",
-			markdown: `<file token="tok" name="report.pdf"/>`,
-			wantWarn: true,
-			wantSubs: []string{"1 file attachment block"},
-		},
-		{
-			name:     "multiple file attachments counted",
-			markdown: "<file token=\"a\"/>\n<file token=\"b\"/>\n<file token=\"c\"/>",
-			wantWarn: true,
-			wantSubs: []string{"3 file attachment blocks"},
-		},
-		{
-			name:     "whiteboard and file together both counted",
-			markdown: "<whiteboard token=\"wb\"/>\n<file token=\"f\"/>",
-			wantWarn: true,
-			wantSubs: []string{"1 whiteboard block", "1 file attachment block"},
+			name:     "legacy mode",
+			setFlags: map[string]string{"mode": "overwrite"},
+			want: []string{
+				"docs +update is v2-only",
+				"the old v1 interface has been shut down",
+				"legacy v1 flag(s) --mode are no longer supported",
+				"--mode -> use --command",
+				"lark-cli skills read lark-doc references/lark-doc-update.md",
+				"lark-cli skills read lark-doc references/lark-doc-xml.md",
+				"lark-cli skills read lark-doc references/lark-doc-md.md",
+				"follow the latest format rules",
+				"MUST NOT grep/open local SKILL.md files",
+				"lark-cli docs +update --help",
+			},
 		},
 	}
+
 	for _, tt := range tests {
 		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
 			t.Parallel()
-			got := checkOverwriteResourceBlocks(tt.markdown)
-			if (got != "") != tt.wantWarn {
-				t.Fatalf("checkOverwriteResourceBlocks(%q) = %q, wantWarn=%v", tt.markdown, got, tt.wantWarn)
+
+			runtime := newUpdateShortcutTestRuntime(t, "", tt.setFlags)
+			err := validateUpdateV2(context.Background(), runtime)
+			if err == nil {
+				t.Fatal("expected v2-only validation error")
 			}
-			for _, sub := range tt.wantSubs {
-				if !strings.Contains(got, sub) {
-					t.Errorf("expected warning to contain %q, got: %s", sub, got)
+			for _, want := range tt.want {
+				if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), want) {
+					t.Fatalf("error missing %q: %v", want, err)
 				}
 			}
 		})
 	}
 }
 
-func TestNormalizeWhiteboardResult(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Run("adds empty board_tokens when whiteboard creation response omits it", func(t *testing.T) {
-		result := map[string]interface{}{
-			"success": true,
+func newUpdateShortcutTestRuntime(t *testing.T, apiVersion string, setFlags map[string]string) *common.RuntimeContext {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	cmd := &cobra.Command{Use: "+update"}
+	cmd.Flags().String("api-version", "", "")
+	cmd.Flags().String("doc", "doxcnUpdateDryRun", "")
+	cmd.Flags().String("doc-format", "xml", "")
+	cmd.Flags().String("command", "append", "")
+	cmd.Flags().Int("revision-id", -1, "")
+	cmd.Flags().String("content", "<p>hello</p>", "")
+	cmd.Flags().String("pattern", "", "")
+	cmd.Flags().String("block-id", "", "")
+	cmd.Flags().String("src-block-ids", "", "")
+	cmd.Flags().String("mode", "", "")
+	cmd.Flags().String("markdown", "", "")
+	cmd.Flags().String("selection-with-ellipsis", "", "")
+	cmd.Flags().String("selection-by-title", "", "")
+	cmd.Flags().String("new-title", "", "")
+	if apiVersion != "" {
+		if err := cmd.Flags().Set("api-version", apiVersion); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("set api-version: %v", err)
 		}
-
-		normalizeWhiteboardResult(result, "<whiteboard type=\"blank\"></whiteboard>")
-
-		got, ok := result["board_tokens"].([]string)
-		if !ok {
-			t.Fatalf("expected board_tokens to be []string, got %T", result["board_tokens"])
-		}
-		if len(got) != 0 {
-			t.Fatalf("expected empty board_tokens, got %#v", got)
-		}
-	})
-
-	t.Run("normalizes board_tokens to string slice", func(t *testing.T) {
-		result := map[string]interface{}{
-			"board_tokens": []interface{}{"board_1", "board_2"},
-		}
-
-		normalizeWhiteboardResult(result, "<whiteboard type=\"blank\"></whiteboard>")
-
-		want := []string{"board_1", "board_2"}
-		got, ok := result["board_tokens"].([]string)
-		if !ok {
-			t.Fatalf("expected board_tokens to be []string, got %T", result["board_tokens"])
-		}
-		if !reflect.DeepEqual(got, want) {
-			t.Fatalf("board_tokens mismatch: got %#v want %#v", got, want)
-		}
-	})
-
-	t.Run("leaves non whiteboard response unchanged", func(t *testing.T) {
-		result := map[string]interface{}{
-			"success": true,
-		}
-
-		normalizeWhiteboardResult(result, "## plain text")
-
-		if _, ok := result["board_tokens"]; ok {
-			t.Fatalf("did not expect board_tokens for non-whiteboard markdown")
-		}
-	})
-}
-
-func TestValidateSelectionByTitleV1(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	tests := []struct {
-		name    string
-		title   string
-		wantErr bool
-		errSub  string
-	}{
-		{name: "empty title is valid", title: "", wantErr: false},
-		{name: "single heading is valid", title: "## Section", wantErr: false},
-		{name: "h1 heading is valid", title: "# Top", wantErr: false},
-		{name: "deep heading is valid", title: "### Sub-section", wantErr: false},
-		{name: "missing hash prefix is invalid", title: "No hash", wantErr: true, errSub: "'#'"},
-		{name: "multiline title is invalid", title: "## First\n## Second", wantErr: true, errSub: "single"},
-		{name: "title with embedded carriage return is invalid", title: "## Title\r## Next", wantErr: true, errSub: "single"},
-		{name: "leading-space heading is valid after trim", title: "  ## Section", wantErr: false},
 	}
-	for _, tt := range tests {
-		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			t.Parallel()
-			err := validateSelectionByTitleV1(tt.title)
-			if (err != nil) != tt.wantErr {
-				t.Fatalf("validateSelectionByTitleV1(%q) error = %v, wantErr = %v", tt.title, err, tt.wantErr)
-			}
-			if tt.wantErr && tt.errSub != "" && !strings.Contains(err.Error(), tt.errSub) {
-				t.Errorf("expected error to contain %q, got: %v", tt.errSub, err)
-			}
-		})
+	for name, value := range setFlags {
+		if err := cmd.Flags().Set(name, value); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("set %s: %v", name, err)
+		}
 	}
+	return common.TestNewRuntimeContext(cmd, nil)
 }

shortcuts/doc/docs_update_v2.go

@@ -24,13 +24,13 @@ var validCommandsV2 = map[string]bool{
 // v2UpdateFlags returns the flag definitions for the v2 (OpenAPI) update path.
 func v2UpdateFlags() []common.Flag {
 	return []common.Flag{
-		{Name: "command", Desc: "operation: str_replace | block_delete | block_insert_after | block_copy_insert_after | block_replace | block_move_after | overwrite | append", Hidden: true, Enum: validCommandsV2Keys()},
-		{Name: "doc-format", Desc: "content format (prefer XML)", Hidden: true, Default: "xml", Enum: []string{"xml", "markdown"}},
-		{Name: "content", Desc: "new content (XML or Markdown)", Hidden: true, Input: []string{common.File, common.Stdin}},
-		{Name: "pattern", Desc: "regex pattern for str_replace", Hidden: true},
-		{Name: "block-id", Desc: "target block ID for block_* operations", Hidden: true},
-		{Name: "src-block-ids", Desc: "source block IDs (comma-separated) for block_copy_insert_after / block_move_after", Hidden: true},
-		{Name: "revision-id", Desc: "base revision (-1 = latest)", Hidden: true, Type: "int", Default: "-1"},
+		{Name: "command", Desc: "operation; requirements: str_replace(--pattern), block_delete(--block-id, comma-separated for batch), block_insert_after/block_replace(--block-id,--content), block_copy_insert_after/block_move_after(--block-id,--src-block-ids), overwrite/append(--content)", Enum: validCommandsV2Keys()},
+		{Name: "doc-format", Desc: "content format for --content; xml is default for precise rich edits, markdown for user-provided Markdown or plain append/overwrite", Default: "xml", Enum: []string{"xml", "markdown"}},
+		{Name: "content", Desc: "replacement or inserted content; XML by default or Markdown when --doc-format markdown; empty with str_replace deletes match. " + docsContentSkillHelp + "; use --help for the latest command flags", Input: []string{common.File, common.Stdin}},
+		{Name: "pattern", Desc: "str_replace match pattern; XML mode is inline text, Markdown mode can match multiline text"},
+		{Name: "block-id", Desc: "target block ID(s) for block operations (comma-separated for batch delete); -1 means document end where supported"},
+		{Name: "src-block-ids", Desc: "comma-separated source block ids for block_copy_insert_after and block_move_after"},
+		{Name: "revision-id", Desc: "base revision id; -1 means latest", Type: "int", Default: "-1"},
 	}
 }
 
@@ -39,6 +39,9 @@ func validCommandsV2Keys() []string {
 }
 
 func validateUpdateV2(_ context.Context, runtime *common.RuntimeContext) error {
+	if err := validateDocsV2Only(runtime, "+update", docsUpdateLegacyFlags()); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
 	if _, err := parseDocumentRef(runtime.Str("doc")); err != nil {
 		return common.FlagErrorf("invalid --doc: %v", err)
 	}

shortcuts/doc/markdown_fix.go

@@ -1,649 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
-
-package doc
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-	"io"
-	"regexp"
-	"strings"
-	"unicode"
-	"unicode/utf8"
-)
-
-// fixExportedMarkdown applies post-processing to Lark-exported Markdown to
-// improve round-trip fidelity on re-import:
-//
-//  1. fixBoldSpacing: removes trailing whitespace before closing ** / *,
-//     and strips redundant ** from ATX headings. Applied only outside fenced
-//     code blocks, and skips inline code spans.
-//
-//  2. normalizeNestedListIndentation: rewrites space-pair-indented nested list
-//     markers to tab-indented markers. This avoids nested ordered list items
-//     being flattened or interpreted as plain text/code on re-import.
-//
-//  3. fixSetextAmbiguity: inserts a blank line before any "---" that immediately
-//     follows a non-empty line, preventing it from being parsed as a Setext H2.
-//     Applied only outside fenced code blocks.
-//
-//  4. fixBlockquoteHardBreaks: inserts a blank blockquote line (">") between
-//     consecutive blockquote content lines so create-doc preserves line breaks.
-//     Applied only outside fenced code blocks.
-//
-//  5. fixTopLevelSoftbreaks: inserts a blank line between adjacent non-empty
-//     lines at the top level and inside content containers (callout,
-//     quote-container, lark-td). Code fences are left untouched, and
-//     consecutive list items / continuations are not separated.
-//
-//  6. fixCalloutEmoji: replaces named emoji aliases (e.g. emoji="warning") with
-//     actual Unicode emoji characters that create-doc understands. Applied only
-//     outside fenced code blocks.
-func fixExportedMarkdown(md string) string {
-	md = applyOutsideCodeFences(md, fixBoldSpacing)
-	md = applyOutsideCodeFences(md, normalizeNestedListIndentation)
-	md = applyOutsideCodeFences(md, fixSetextAmbiguity)
-	md = applyOutsideCodeFences(md, fixBlockquoteHardBreaks)
-	md = fixTopLevelSoftbreaks(md)
-	md = applyOutsideCodeFences(md, fixCalloutEmoji)
-	// Collapse runs of 3+ consecutive newlines into exactly 2 (one blank line),
-	// but only outside fenced code blocks to preserve intentional blank lines in code.
-	md = applyOutsideCodeFences(md, func(s string) string {
-		for strings.Contains(s, "\n\n\n") {
-			s = strings.ReplaceAll(s, "\n\n\n", "\n\n")
-		}
-		return s
-	})
-	md = strings.TrimRight(md, "\n") + "\n"
-	return md
-}
-
-// applyOutsideCodeFences applies fn only to content outside fenced code blocks.
-// Lines inside fenced code blocks (``` ... ```) are passed through unchanged,
-// preventing transforms from corrupting literal code content.
-func applyOutsideCodeFences(md string, fn func(string) string) string {
-	lines := strings.Split(md, "\n")
-	var out []string
-	var chunk []string
-	inCode := false
-
-	flush := func() {
-		if len(chunk) == 0 {
-			return
-		}
-		out = append(out, strings.Split(fn(strings.Join(chunk, "\n")), "\n")...)
-		chunk = chunk[:0]
-	}
-
-	for _, line := range lines {
-		trimmed := strings.TrimSpace(line)
-		if strings.HasPrefix(trimmed, "```") {
-			if !inCode {
-				flush()
-				inCode = true
-			} else if trimmed == "```" {
-				inCode = false
-			}
-			out = append(out, line)
-			continue
-		}
-		if inCode {
-			out = append(out, line)
-		} else {
-			chunk = append(chunk, line)
-		}
-	}
-	flush()
-	return strings.Join(out, "\n")
-}
-
-// fixBlockquoteHardBreaks inserts a blank blockquote line (">") between
-// consecutive blockquote content lines. This forces each line into its own
-// paragraph within the blockquote, so MCP create-doc preserves line breaks
-// instead of collapsing them into a single paragraph.
-//
-// Before: "> line1\n> line2"  →  After: "> line1\n>\n> line2"
-func fixBlockquoteHardBreaks(md string) string {
-	lines := strings.Split(md, "\n")
-	out := make([]string, 0, len(lines)*2)
-	for i, line := range lines {
-		out = append(out, line)
-		if strings.HasPrefix(line, "> ") && i+1 < len(lines) && strings.HasPrefix(lines[i+1], "> ") {
-			out = append(out, ">")
-		}
-	}
-	return strings.Join(out, "\n")
-}
-
-// fixBoldSpacing normalizes emphasis markers exported by Lark while preserving
-// inline code spans:
-//
-//  1. Removes leading whitespace after opening ** and * delimiters:
-//     "** text**" → "**text**", "* text*" → "*text*"
-//
-//  2. Removes trailing whitespace before closing ** and * delimiters:
-//     "**text **" → "**text**", "*text *" → "*text*"
-//
-//  3. Removes redundant bold around an entire ATX heading:
-//     "# **text**" → "# text"
-//
-// The bold and italic spacing fixes only run on non-code segments so literal
-// code content is left unchanged.
-var (
-	// headingBoldRe uses [^*]+ (no asterisks) to avoid mismatching headings
-	// that contain multiple disjoint bold spans such as "# **foo** and **bar**".
-	headingBoldRe = regexp.MustCompile(`(?m)^(#{1,6})\s+\*\*([^*]+)\*\*\s*$`)
-)
-
-func fixBoldSpacing(md string) string {
-	lines := strings.Split(md, "\n")
-	for i, line := range lines {
-		lines[i] = fixBoldSpacingLine(line)
-	}
-	md = strings.Join(lines, "\n")
-	md = headingBoldRe.ReplaceAllString(md, "$1 $2")
-	return md
-}
-
-// atxHeadingRe matches ATX heading lines (# ... through ###### ...).
-var atxHeadingRe = regexp.MustCompile(`^#{1,6}\s`)
-
-// scanInlineCodeSpans returns the byte ranges [start, end) of all inline code
-// spans in line. It handles multi-backtick delimiters (e.g. “ `foo` “) by
-// finding the opening run of N backticks and searching for the next identical
-// run to close the span, per CommonMark spec §6.1.
-func scanInlineCodeSpans(line string) [][2]int {
-	var spans [][2]int
-	i := 0
-	for i < len(line) {
-		if line[i] != '`' {
-			i++
-			continue
-		}
-		// Count the opening backtick run.
-		start := i
-		for i < len(line) && line[i] == '`' {
-			i++
-		}
-		delim := line[start:i] // e.g. "`" or "``" or "```"
-		// Search for the closing run of the same length.
-		j := i
-		for j <= len(line)-len(delim) {
-			if line[j] == '`' {
-				k := j
-				for k < len(line) && line[k] == '`' {
-					k++
-				}
-				if k-j == len(delim) {
-					spans = append(spans, [2]int{start, k})
-					i = k
-					break
-				}
-				j = k // skip this backtick run and keep searching
-			} else {
-				j++
-			}
-		}
-		// No closing delimiter found — not a code span, continue.
-	}
-	return spans
-}
-
-// fixBoldSpacingLine applies bold/italic trailing-space fixes to a single line,
-// skipping content inside inline code spans to avoid corrupting literal code.
-// ATX heading lines are also skipped here because headingBoldRe in fixBoldSpacing
-// handles them separately, keeping heading-only normalization isolated from the
-// inline emphasis spacing scanner below.
-func fixBoldSpacingLine(line string) string {
-	if atxHeadingRe.MatchString(line) {
-		return line
-	}
-	spans := scanInlineCodeSpans(line)
-	if len(spans) == 0 {
-		return fixEmphasisSpacingSegment(line)
-	}
-	var sb strings.Builder
-	pos := 0
-	for _, loc := range spans {
-		// Process the non-code segment before this inline code span.
-		seg := line[pos:loc[0]]
-		sb.WriteString(fixEmphasisSpacingSegment(seg))
-		// Preserve inline code span as-is.
-		sb.WriteString(line[loc[0]:loc[1]])
-		pos = loc[1]
-	}
-	// Remaining non-code segment after the last code span.
-	sb.WriteString(fixEmphasisSpacingSegment(line[pos:]))
-	return sb.String()
-}
-
-// fixEmphasisSpacingSegment trims only the whitespace immediately inside simple
-// *...* and **...** spans. It deliberately ignores runs of 3+ asterisks and
-// any candidate whose payload contains another asterisk so nested emphasis-like
-// text remains untouched. When both inner sides contain whitespace, single-rune
-// payloads are preserved as literal text (for example "* x *" and "** x **").
-func fixEmphasisSpacingSegment(seg string) string {
-	if !strings.Contains(seg, "*") {
-		return seg
-	}
-
-	var sb strings.Builder
-	pos := 0
-	for pos < len(seg) {
-		openStart, openEnd, ok := nextAsteriskRun(seg, pos)
-		if !ok {
-			sb.WriteString(seg[pos:])
-			break
-		}
-
-		sb.WriteString(seg[pos:openStart])
-
-		markerLen := openEnd - openStart
-		if markerLen != 1 && markerLen != 2 {
-			sb.WriteString(seg[openStart:openEnd])
-			pos = openEnd
-			continue
-		}
-
-		closeStart, closeEnd, ok := nextAsteriskRun(seg, openEnd)
-		if !ok || closeEnd-closeStart != markerLen {
-			sb.WriteString(seg[openStart:openEnd])
-			pos = openEnd
-			continue
-		}
-
-		payload := seg[openEnd:closeStart]
-		normalized, shouldNormalize := normalizeEmphasisPayload(payload)
-		if !shouldNormalize {
-			sb.WriteString(seg[openStart:closeEnd])
-			pos = closeEnd
-			continue
-		}
-
-		marker := seg[openStart:openEnd]
-		sb.WriteString(marker)
-		sb.WriteString(normalized)
-		sb.WriteString(marker)
-		pos = closeEnd
-	}
-	return sb.String()
-}
-
-func nextAsteriskRun(s string, start int) (runStart, runEnd int, ok bool) {
-	for i := start; i < len(s); i++ {
-		if s[i] != '*' {
-			continue
-		}
-		j := i
-		for j < len(s) && s[j] == '*' {
-			j++
-		}
-		return i, j, true
-	}
-	return 0, 0, false
-}
-
-func normalizeEmphasisPayload(payload string) (string, bool) {
-	trimmedLeft := strings.TrimLeftFunc(payload, unicode.IsSpace)
-	trimmed := strings.TrimRightFunc(trimmedLeft, unicode.IsSpace)
-	if trimmed == "" {
-		return payload, false
-	}
-
-	hasLeadingSpace := len(trimmedLeft) != len(payload)
-	hasTrailingSpace := len(trimmed) != len(trimmedLeft)
-	if !hasLeadingSpace && !hasTrailingSpace {
-		return payload, true
-	}
-
-	if hasLeadingSpace && hasTrailingSpace && utf8.RuneCountInString(trimmed) == 1 {
-		return payload, false
-	}
-	return trimmed, true
-}
-
-var setextRe = regexp.MustCompile(`(?m)^([^\n]+)\n(-{3,}\s*$)`)
-
-func fixSetextAmbiguity(md string) string {
-	return setextRe.ReplaceAllString(md, "$1\n\n$2")
-}
-
-// calloutTypeColors maps the semantic type= shorthand to a recommended
-// [background-color, border-color] pair for Feishu callout blocks.
-// Used only for hint messages — the Markdown itself is never rewritten.
-var calloutTypeColors = map[string][2]string{
-	"warning":   {"light-yellow", "yellow"},
-	"caution":   {"light-orange", "orange"},
-	"note":      {"light-blue", "blue"},
-	"info":      {"light-blue", "blue"},
-	"tip":       {"light-green", "green"},
-	"success":   {"light-green", "green"},
-	"check":     {"light-green", "green"},
-	"error":     {"light-red", "red"},
-	"danger":    {"light-red", "red"},
-	"important": {"light-purple", "purple"},
-}
-
-// calloutOpenTagRe matches a <callout …> opening tag.
-var calloutOpenTagRe = regexp.MustCompile(`<callout(\s[^>]*)?>`)
-
-// calloutTypeAttrRe extracts the value of a type= attribute (single or
-// double quoted) from a callout opening tag's attribute string. The
-// (?:^|\s) anchor instead of \b is intentional: \b sits at any
-// word/non-word boundary, and `-` is a non-word character, so
-// `\btype=` would also match the suffix of `data-type=` and yield a
-// bogus type lookup. Anchoring on start-of-string-or-whitespace
-// requires a real attribute separator before the name.
-var calloutTypeAttrRe = regexp.MustCompile(`(?:^|\s)type=(?:"([^"]*)"|'([^']*)')`)
-
-// calloutBackgroundColorAttrRe matches a background-color= attribute
-// name with optional whitespace around the equals sign, so forms like
-// `background-color="..."` and `background-color = "..."` are both
-// accepted. Same (?:^|\s) anchor as calloutTypeAttrRe, for the same
-// reason: `data-background-color="..."` must not look like a present
-// background-color and silently suppress the hint.
-var calloutBackgroundColorAttrRe = regexp.MustCompile(`(?:^|\s)background-color\s*=`)
-
-// WarnCalloutType scans md for callout tags that carry a type= attribute but
-// no background-color= attribute, then writes a hint line to w for each one
-// suggesting the explicit Feishu color attributes to use instead.
-//
-// Callout tags inside fenced code blocks (``` or ~~~) are skipped — they
-// are documentation samples, not real callouts the user wants Feishu to
-// render. Fence detection uses the shared codeFenceOpenMarker /
-// isCodeFenceClose helpers so both backtick and tilde fences are handled
-// (matching CommonMark §4.5).
-//
-// The Markdown is not modified — the caller is responsible for acting on
-// the hints or ignoring them. This keeps the create/update path
-// transparent: user input reaches create-doc exactly as written.
-func WarnCalloutType(md string, w io.Writer) {
-	fenceMarker := ""
-	for _, line := range strings.Split(md, "\n") {
-		if fenceMarker != "" {
-			// Inside a fenced block — skip everything until the matching
-			// closer. Code samples that show literal <callout type=...>
-			// must not produce a phantom hint.
-			if isCodeFenceClose(line, fenceMarker) {
-				fenceMarker = ""
-			}
-			continue
-		}
-		if marker := codeFenceOpenMarker(line); marker != "" {
-			fenceMarker = marker
-			continue
-		}
-		scanCalloutTagsForWarning(line, w)
-	}
-}
-
-// scanCalloutTagsForWarning emits a hint to w for every <callout type="...">
-// tag in s that lacks an explicit background-color= attribute. Pulled out
-// of WarnCalloutType so the line walker only handles fence state and the
-// per-tag scan is its own readable unit.
-//
-// The previous implementation routed the tag iteration through
-// calloutOpenTagRe.ReplaceAllStringFunc with a callback that always
-// returned the original tag and threw the rebuilt string away — using a
-// rewrite primitive purely for its iteration side-effect, plus a second
-// regex execution to recover the capture groups inside the callback.
-// FindAllStringSubmatch hands us both the iteration and the groups in one
-// pass, no allocation thrown away.
-func scanCalloutTagsForWarning(s string, w io.Writer) {
-	for _, m := range calloutOpenTagRe.FindAllStringSubmatch(s, -1) {
-		attrs := m[1]
-		// Skip tags that already carry an explicit background-color.
-		if calloutBackgroundColorAttrRe.MatchString(attrs) {
-			continue
-		}
-		parts := calloutTypeAttrRe.FindStringSubmatch(attrs)
-		if len(parts) < 3 {
-			continue // no type= attribute
-		}
-		// parts[1] is the double-quoted capture, parts[2] is single-quoted.
-		typeName := parts[1]
-		if typeName == "" {
-			typeName = parts[2]
-		}
-		colors, ok := calloutTypeColors[typeName]
-		if !ok {
-			continue // unknown type — no hint to give
-		}
-		fmt.Fprintf(w,
-			"hint: callout type=%q has no background-color; consider: background-color=%q border-color=%q\n",
-			typeName, colors[0], colors[1])
-	}
-}
-
-// calloutEmojiAliases maps named emoji strings that fetch-doc emits to actual
-// Unicode emoji characters that create-doc accepts.
-var calloutEmojiAliases = map[string]string{
-	"warning":      "⚠️",
-	"note":         "📝",
-	"tip":          "💡",
-	"info":         "ℹ️",
-	"check":        "✅",
-	"success":      "✅",
-	"error":        "❌",
-	"danger":       "🚨",
-	"important":    "❗",
-	"caution":      "⚠️",
-	"question":     "❓",
-	"forbidden":    "🚫",
-	"fire":         "🔥",
-	"star":         "⭐",
-	"pin":          "📌",
-	"clock":        "🕐",
-	"gift":         "🎁",
-	"eyes":         "👀",
-	"bulb":         "💡",
-	"memo":         "📝",
-	"link":         "🔗",
-	"key":          "🔑",
-	"lock":         "🔒",
-	"thumbsup":     "👍",
-	"thumbsdown":   "👎",
-	"rocket":       "🚀",
-	"construction": "🚧",
-}
-
-// calloutEmojiRe matches emoji="<name>" in callout opening tags.
-var calloutEmojiRe = regexp.MustCompile(`(<callout[^>]*\bemoji=")([^"]+)(")`)
-
-// fixCalloutEmoji replaces named emoji aliases in callout tags with actual
-// Unicode emoji characters. fetch-doc sometimes emits emoji="warning" instead
-// of emoji="⚠️"; create-doc only accepts Unicode emoji.
-func fixCalloutEmoji(md string) string {
-	return calloutEmojiRe.ReplaceAllStringFunc(md, func(match string) string {
-		parts := calloutEmojiRe.FindStringSubmatch(match)
-		if len(parts) != 4 {
-			return match
-		}
-		name := parts[2]
-		if emoji, ok := calloutEmojiAliases[name]; ok {
-			return parts[1] + emoji + parts[3]
-		}
-		return match
-	})
-}
-
-// isTableStructuralTag returns true for lark-table tags that are structural
-// (table/tr/td open/close) and should not themselves trigger blank-line insertion.
-func isTableStructuralTag(s string) bool {
-	return strings.HasPrefix(s, "<lark-t") ||
-		strings.HasPrefix(s, "</lark-t")
-}
-
-// contentContainers lists block tags whose interior should have blank lines
-// inserted between adjacent content lines (same treatment as lark-td).
-var contentContainers = [][2]string{
-	{"<lark-td>", "</lark-td>"},
-	{"<callout", "</callout>"},
-	{"<quote-container>", "</quote-container>"},
-}
-
-// listItemRe matches unordered and ordered list item markers, including
-// indented (nested) items.
-var listItemRe = regexp.MustCompile(`^[ \t]*([-*+]|\d+[.)]) `)
-
-// nestedListIndentRe matches nested list item markers indented with pairs of
-// spaces. We rewrite those space pairs to tabs because some downstream
-// round-trip paths treat multi-space indented ordered items as flat items or
-// literal text, while tab indentation remains nested and avoids 4-space code
-// block ambiguity.
-var nestedListIndentRe = regexp.MustCompile(`^( {2,})([-*+]|\d+[.)]) `)
-
-func normalizeNestedListIndentation(md string) string {
-	lines := strings.Split(md, "\n")
-	for i, line := range lines {
-		matches := nestedListIndentRe.FindStringSubmatch(line)
-		if len(matches) != 3 {
-			continue
-		}
-		if !hasPreviousNonBlankListItem(lines, i) {
-			continue
-		}
-		indent := matches[1]
-		if len(indent)%2 != 0 {
-			continue
-		}
-		tabs := strings.Repeat("\t", len(indent)/2)
-		lines[i] = tabs + line[len(indent):]
-	}
-	return strings.Join(lines, "\n")
-}
-
-func hasPreviousNonBlankListItem(lines []string, index int) bool {
-	for i := index - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
-		trimmed := strings.TrimSpace(lines[i])
-		if trimmed == "" {
-			return false
-		}
-		return listItemRe.MatchString(lines[i])
-	}
-	return false
-}
-
-// isListItemOrContinuation returns true for lines that are part of a list:
-// either a list item marker line or an indented continuation of a list item.
-// This is used to prevent blank lines being inserted between tight list lines,
-// which would turn a tight list into a loose list and change rendering.
-func isListItemOrContinuation(line string) bool {
-	if listItemRe.MatchString(line) {
-		return true
-	}
-	// Continuation lines are indented by at least 2 spaces or 1 tab.
-	return strings.HasPrefix(line, "  ") || strings.HasPrefix(line, "\t")
-}
-
-// fixTopLevelSoftbreaks ensures that adjacent non-empty content lines are
-// separated by a blank line in the following contexts:
-//  1. Top level (depth == 0): every Lark block becomes its own Markdown paragraph.
-//  2. Inside content containers (<lark-td>, <callout>, <quote-container>):
-//     multi-line content is preserved as separate paragraphs.
-//
-// Structural table tags (<lark-table>, <lark-tr>, <lark-td> and their closing
-// counterparts) never trigger blank-line insertion themselves. Fenced code
-// blocks (``` ... ```) are left completely untouched. Consecutive list items
-// and list continuations are not separated (to preserve tight lists).
-func fixTopLevelSoftbreaks(md string) string {
-	lines := strings.Split(md, "\n")
-	out := make([]string, 0, len(lines)*2)
-
-	inCodeBlock := false
-	// containerDepth > 0 means we are inside a content container.
-	containerDepth := 0
-	// tableDepth tracks <lark-table> nesting (outer structure, not content).
-	tableDepth := 0
-
-	for i, line := range lines {
-		trimmed := strings.TrimSpace(line)
-
-		// --- Track fenced code blocks — skip all processing inside. ---
-		// Any ``` line opens a block; only plain ``` (no language id) closes it.
-		if strings.HasPrefix(trimmed, "```") {
-			if inCodeBlock {
-				if trimmed == "```" {
-					inCodeBlock = false
-				}
-			} else {
-				inCodeBlock = true
-			}
-			out = append(out, line)
-			continue
-		}
-
-		if !inCodeBlock {
-			// --- Track content containers. ---
-			for _, cc := range contentContainers {
-				if strings.HasPrefix(trimmed, cc[0]) {
-					containerDepth++
-				}
-				if strings.Contains(trimmed, cc[1]) {
-					containerDepth--
-					if containerDepth < 0 {
-						containerDepth = 0
-					}
-				}
-			}
-
-			// --- Track table structure (outer, non-content). ---
-			if strings.HasPrefix(trimmed, "<lark-table") {
-				tableDepth++
-			}
-			if strings.Contains(trimmed, "</lark-table>") {
-				tableDepth--
-				if tableDepth < 0 {
-					tableDepth = 0
-				}
-			}
-		}
-
-		// --- Decide whether to insert a blank line before this line. ---
-		if !inCodeBlock && trimmed != "" && i > 0 {
-			// Skip structural table tags — they are not content lines.
-			isStructural := isTableStructuralTag(trimmed)
-
-			// Don't split consecutive blockquote lines ("> ...") — they form
-			// one continuous blockquote in the original document.
-			isBlockquote := strings.HasPrefix(trimmed, "> ") || trimmed == ">"
-
-			// Only closing container tags suppress blank-line insertion.
-			// Opening container tags may still receive a blank line before them
-			// (e.g. two consecutive <callout> blocks need a blank between them).
-			isContainerTag := false
-			for _, cc := range contentContainers {
-				closingTag := "</" + cc[0][1:]
-				if strings.HasPrefix(trimmed, closingTag) {
-					isContainerTag = true
-					break
-				}
-			}
-
-			// Insert blank line when:
-			//   - at top level (tableDepth == 0, containerDepth == 0), OR
-			//   - inside a content container (containerDepth > 0, not in outer table)
-			// AND this line is actual content (not structural/blockquote/container-tag).
-			inContent := tableDepth == 0 || containerDepth > 0
-			if !isStructural && !isBlockquote && !isContainerTag && inContent {
-				// Don't split consecutive list items / continuations — inserting a
-				// blank line between them turns a tight list into a loose list.
-				isListRelated := isListItemOrContinuation(line)
-				prevIsListRelated := len(out) > 0 && isListItemOrContinuation(out[len(out)-1])
-				if !(isListRelated && prevIsListRelated) {
-					prev := ""
-					if len(out) > 0 {
-						prev = strings.TrimSpace(out[len(out)-1])
-					}
-					if prev != "" && !isTableStructuralTag(prev) {
-						out = append(out, "")
-					}
-				}
-			}
-		}
-
-		out = append(out, line)
-	}
-
-	return strings.Join(out, "\n")
-}

shortcuts/doc/markdown_fix_hardening_test.go

@@ -1,287 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
-
-package doc
-
-import (
-	"strings"
-	"testing"
-)
-
-// TestFixExportedMarkdownIdempotent asserts the core promise of the exported
-// markdown pipeline: applying the fixes twice produces the same result as
-// applying them once. Round-trip formatting relies on this invariant, so any
-// transform that keeps rewriting its own output would break fetch → edit →
-// update → fetch stability.
-func TestFixExportedMarkdownIdempotent(t *testing.T) {
-	fixtures := map[string]string{
-		"kitchen sink": strings.Join([]string{
-			"# **Title**",
-			"paragraph one",
-			"paragraph two",
-			"**bold ** and * italic*",
-			"",
-			"> q1",
-			"> q2",
-			"",
-			"1. parent",
-			"  1. child",
-			"    1. grandchild",
-			"",
-			"<callout emoji=\"warning\">",
-			"callout body line 1",
-			"callout body line 2",
-			"</callout>",
-			"",
-			"some text",
-			"---",
-			"",
-			"```go",
-			"// code content with markdown-like shapes must survive as-is",
-			"**foo **",
-			"* hello*",
-			"  1. nested",
-			"> q",
-			"---",
-			"```",
-			"",
-		}, "\n"),
-
-		"cjk content": strings.Join([]string{
-			"# **测试标题**",
-			"段落一",
-			"段落二",
-			"**有用性 ** and * 关键 *",
-			"",
-			"1. 父项",
-			"  1. 子项",
-			"",
-		}, "\n"),
-
-		"nested containers": strings.Join([]string{
-			"<callout emoji=\"info\">",
-			"line a",
-			"line b",
-			"</callout>",
-			"",
-			"<quote-container>",
-			"quoted 1",
-			"quoted 2",
-			"</quote-container>",
-			"",
-		}, "\n"),
-	}
-
-	for name, fixture := range fixtures {
-		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			once := fixExportedMarkdown(fixture)
-			twice := fixExportedMarkdown(once)
-			if once != twice {
-				t.Errorf("fixExportedMarkdown is not idempotent for %q\nfirst pass:\n%s\nsecond pass:\n%s",
-					name, once, twice)
-			}
-		})
-	}
-}
-
-// TestFixExportedMarkdownPreservesFencedCodeByteForByte packs a fenced code
-// block with content that every individual transform in the pipeline would
-// normally rewrite, and asserts the fence content comes out byte-for-byte
-// identical. This is the pipeline's strongest invariant — users' code samples
-// must never be silently modified by a formatting pass.
-func TestFixExportedMarkdownPreservesFencedCodeByteForByte(t *testing.T) {
-	// Every line below is something at least one transform would touch if it
-	// appeared outside a fence. None of it must change.
-	dangerous := strings.Join([]string{
-		"**foo **",      // fixBoldSpacing — trailing space bold
-		"* hello*",      // fixBoldSpacing — leading space italic
-		"# **heading**", // fixBoldSpacing — redundant heading bold
-		"para1",         // fixTopLevelSoftbreaks — adjacent paragraphs
-		"para2",
-		"> q1", // fixBlockquoteHardBreaks — blockquote pair
-		"> q2",
-		"some text", // fixSetextAmbiguity — text before ---
-		"---",
-		"  1. nested",               // normalizeNestedListIndentation
-		`<callout emoji="warning">`, // fixCalloutEmoji — emoji alias
-	}, "\n")
-
-	// Wrap the dangerous content in a triple-backtick fence and surround with
-	// content so the pipeline has adjacent regions to potentially touch.
-	input := "before\n\n```\n" + dangerous + "\n```\n\nafter\n"
-
-	got := fixExportedMarkdown(input)
-
-	// Extract the fence content from the output and compare to the input fence
-	// content byte-for-byte.
-	gotFence, ok := extractFirstFenceContent(got)
-	if !ok {
-		t.Fatalf("fixExportedMarkdown output lost its fenced code block:\n%s", got)
-	}
-	if gotFence != dangerous {
-		t.Errorf("fenced code content was modified\nwant (bytes): %q\ngot  (bytes): %q",
-			dangerous, gotFence)
-	}
-}
-
-// extractFirstFenceContent returns the inner text of the first triple-backtick
-// fenced code block it finds, or ("", false) if none is present.
-func extractFirstFenceContent(md string) (string, bool) {
-	const fence = "```"
-	open := strings.Index(md, fence)
-	if open < 0 {
-		return "", false
-	}
-	// Skip the fence marker and its info-string line.
-	rest := md[open+len(fence):]
-	lineEnd := strings.Index(rest, "\n")
-	if lineEnd < 0 {
-		return "", false
-	}
-	rest = rest[lineEnd+1:]
-	close := strings.Index(rest, "\n"+fence)
-	if close < 0 {
-		return "", false
-	}
-	return rest[:close], true
-}
-
-// TestFixExportedMarkdownPreservesCRLF feeds CRLF-terminated markdown (Windows
-// line endings) through the pipeline and asserts that line endings are
-// preserved AND the emphasis/heading transforms still apply — neither
-// silently-LF-normalized nor passed through unchanged.
-func TestFixExportedMarkdownPreservesCRLF(t *testing.T) {
-	lf := "# **Title**\nparagraph one\nparagraph two\n**bold **\n"
-	crlf := strings.ReplaceAll(lf, "\n", "\r\n")
-
-	got := fixExportedMarkdown(crlf)
-
-	// Transforms must still fire: heading bold stripped, trailing-space bold trimmed.
-	if strings.Contains(got, "**Title**") {
-		t.Errorf("heading bold not stripped on CRLF input:\n%q", got)
-	}
-	if strings.Contains(got, "**bold **") {
-		t.Errorf("trailing-space bold not fixed on CRLF input:\n%q", got)
-	}
-	// CRLF line endings must survive — we don't want to silently normalize a
-	// Windows author's document to LF.
-	if !strings.Contains(got, "\r\n") {
-		t.Errorf("CRLF line endings were normalized away:\n%q", got)
-	}
-}
-
-// TestFixExportedMarkdownTransformInteractions covers shapes where more than
-// one transform fires on the same input. Each transform is individually tested
-// elsewhere; these cases guard against composition regressions.
-func TestFixExportedMarkdownTransformInteractions(t *testing.T) {
-	tests := []struct {
-		name         string
-		input        string
-		wantContains []string // substrings that must be present after fixes
-		wantAbsent   []string // substrings that must be absent after fixes
-	}{
-		{
-			name:  "nested list item with trailing-space bold",
-			input: "1. parent\n  1. **child **\n",
-			wantContains: []string{
-				"\t1.",      // nested indent converted to tab
-				"**child**", // trailing space trimmed
-			},
-			wantAbsent: []string{
-				"  1.",       // original two-space indent gone
-				"**child **", // original trailing space gone
-			},
-		},
-		{
-			name:  "paragraph followed by list",
-			input: "paragraph\n- item a\n- item b\n",
-			wantContains: []string{
-				"paragraph\n\n- item a", // blank line inserted at text-to-list transition
-			},
-			wantAbsent: []string{
-				"\n\n\n", // no triple newline
-			},
-		},
-		{
-			name:  "callout containing list with emphasis",
-			input: "<callout emoji=\"info\">\n- **item **\n- another\n</callout>\n",
-			wantContains: []string{
-				"**item**", // trailing-space bold fixed inside callout
-			},
-			wantAbsent: []string{
-				"**item **",
-			},
-		},
-		{
-			name:  "heading followed by paragraph with bold",
-			input: "# **Title**\nbody **text **\n",
-			wantContains: []string{
-				"# Title",       // heading bold stripped
-				"body **text**", // paragraph bold trimmed, not stripped
-			},
-			wantAbsent: []string{
-				"# **Title**",
-				"body **text **",
-			},
-		},
-	}
-
-	for _, tt := range tests {
-		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			got := fixExportedMarkdown(tt.input)
-			for _, want := range tt.wantContains {
-				if !strings.Contains(got, want) {
-					t.Errorf("want substring %q not found in output:\n%s", want, got)
-				}
-			}
-			for _, unwanted := range tt.wantAbsent {
-				if strings.Contains(got, unwanted) {
-					t.Errorf("unwanted substring %q still present in output:\n%s", unwanted, got)
-				}
-			}
-		})
-	}
-}
-
-// TestNormalizeNestedListIndentationDocumentedSkips locks in the deliberate
-// "do nothing" branches of normalizeNestedListIndentation. Each case below is
-// a shape the function intentionally does not rewrite; if a future change to
-// the heuristic flips one of these, we want the regression to be visible in
-// the test diff rather than silently changing user documents.
-func TestNormalizeNestedListIndentationDocumentedSkips(t *testing.T) {
-	tests := []struct {
-		name  string
-		input string
-		// want is identical to input — we are asserting "no change".
-	}{
-		{
-			name:  "three-space indent (odd) under list item stays unchanged",
-			input: "1. parent\n   1. child",
-		},
-		{
-			name:  "five-space indent (odd) under list item stays unchanged",
-			input: "- parent\n     - deep",
-		},
-		{
-			name:  "two-space indent without a parent list item stays unchanged",
-			input: "plain paragraph\n  - not nested",
-		},
-		{
-			name:  "blank-line-separated loose-list sibling stays unchanged",
-			input: "1. a\n\n  1. b",
-		},
-		{
-			name:  "four-space indented code block under list item stays unchanged",
-			input: "- parent\n\n    1. code sample",
-		},
-	}
-
-	for _, tt := range tests {
-		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			got := normalizeNestedListIndentation(tt.input)
-			if got != tt.input {
-				t.Errorf("normalizeNestedListIndentation unexpectedly rewrote documented-skip input\ninput: %q\ngot:   %q", tt.input, got)
-			}
-		})
-	}
-}

shortcuts/doc/markdown_fix_test.go

@@ -1,569 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
-
-package doc
-
-import (
-	"strings"
-	"testing"
-)
-
-func TestFixBoldSpacing(t *testing.T) {
-	tests := []struct {
-		name  string
-		input string
-		want  string
-	}{
-		{
-			name:  "leading space after opening bold",
-			input: "** hello**",
-			want:  "**hello**",
-		},
-		{
-			name:  "leading space after opening italic",
-			input: "* hello*",
-			want:  "*hello*",
-		},
-		{
-			name:  "leading and trailing spaces inside bold are collapsed",
-			input: "** hello **",
-			want:  "**hello**",
-		},
-		{
-			name:  "leading and trailing spaces inside italic are collapsed",
-			input: "* hello *",
-			want:  "*hello*",
-		},
-		{
-			name:  "multiple spaced italic spans on one line are each collapsed",
-			input: "* a* * b*",
-			want:  "*a* *b*",
-		},
-		{
-			name:  "ambiguous italic span stays literal",
-			input: "2 * x * y",
-			want:  "2 * x * y",
-		},
-		{
-			name:  "ambiguous bold span stays literal",
-			input: "2 ** x ** y",
-			want:  "2 ** x ** y",
-		},
-		{
-			name:  "single-rune italic with spaces on both sides stays literal",
-			input: "* x *",
-			want:  "* x *",
-		},
-		{
-			name:  "single-rune bold with spaces on both sides stays literal",
-			input: "** x **",
-			want:  "** x **",
-		},
-		{
-			name:  "triple-asterisk near miss stays literal",
-			input: "*** hello**",
-			want:  "*** hello**",
-		},
-		{
-			name:  "trailing space before closing bold",
-			input: "**hello **",
-			want:  "**hello**",
-		},
-		{
-			name:  "trailing space before closing italic",
-			input: "*hello *",
-			want:  "*hello*",
-		},
-		{
-			name:  "redundant bold in h1",
-			input: "# **Title**",
-			want:  "# Title",
-		},
-		{
-			name:  "redundant bold in h2",
-			input: "## **Section**",
-			want:  "## Section",
-		},
-		{
-			name:  "no change needed for clean bold",
-			input: "**bold**",
-			want:  "**bold**",
-		},
-		{
-			name:  "multiple lines processed independently",
-			input: "**foo **\n**bar **",
-			want:  "**foo**\n**bar**",
-		},
-		{
-			name:  "inline code span not modified",
-			input: "`**hello **`",
-			want:  "`**hello **`",
-		},
-		{
-			name:  "inline code preserved, bold outside fixed",
-			input: "**foo ** and `**bar **`",
-			want:  "**foo** and `**bar **`",
-		},
-		{
-			name:  "inline code with spaced italic stays literal while outside span is fixed",
-			input: "`* hello *` and * hello *",
-			want:  "`* hello *` and *hello*",
-		},
-		{
-			name:  "opening space inside text tag fixed",
-			input: `<text color="red">** Helpful - 有用性：**</text>`,
-			want:  `<text color="red">**Helpful - 有用性：**</text>`,
-		},
-		{
-			name:  "double-backtick inline code not modified",
-			input: "``**hello **`` and **world **",
-			want:  "``**hello **`` and **world**",
-		},
-		{
-			name:  "double-backtick span containing literal backtick not modified",
-			input: "`` a`b `` and **bold **",
-			want:  "`` a`b `` and **bold**",
-		},
-		{
-			name:  "heading with multiple bold spans left unchanged",
-			input: "# **foo** and **bar**",
-			want:  "# **foo** and **bar**",
-		},
-	}
-	for _, tt := range tests {
-		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			got := fixBoldSpacing(tt.input)
-			if got != tt.want {
-				t.Errorf("fixBoldSpacing(%q) = %q, want %q", tt.input, got, tt.want)
-			}
-		})
-	}
-}
-
-func TestFixSetextAmbiguity(t *testing.T) {
-	tests := []struct {
-		name  string
-		input string
-		want  string
-	}{
-		{
-			name:  "paragraph followed by ---",
-			input: "some text\n---",
-			want:  "some text\n\n---",
-		},
-		{
-			name:  "blank line before --- already",
-			input: "some text\n\n---",
-			want:  "some text\n\n---",
-		},
-		{
-			name:  "heading not affected",
-			input: "# Heading\n---",
-			want:  "# Heading\n\n---",
-		},
-	}
-	for _, tt := range tests {
-		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			got := fixSetextAmbiguity(tt.input)
-			if got != tt.want {
-				t.Errorf("fixSetextAmbiguity(%q) = %q, want %q", tt.input, got, tt.want)
-			}
-		})
-	}
-}
-
-func TestFixBlockquoteHardBreaks(t *testing.T) {
-	tests := []struct {
-		name  string
-		input string
-		want  string
-	}{
-		{
-			name:  "two consecutive blockquote lines",
-			input: "> line1\n> line2",
-			want:  "> line1\n>\n> line2",
-		},
-		{
-			name:  "three consecutive blockquote lines",
-			input: "> a\n> b\n> c",
-			want:  "> a\n>\n> b\n>\n> c",
-		},
-		{
-			name:  "single blockquote line unchanged",
-			input: "> only one",
-			want:  "> only one",
-		},
-		{
-			name:  "non-blockquote not affected",
-			input: "line1\nline2",
-			want:  "line1\nline2",
-		},
-	}
-	for _, tt := range tests {
-		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			got := fixBlockquoteHardBreaks(tt.input)
-			if got != tt.want {
-				t.Errorf("fixBlockquoteHardBreaks(%q) = %q, want %q", tt.input, got, tt.want)
-			}
-		})
-	}
-}
-
-func TestFixTopLevelSoftbreaks(t *testing.T) {
-	tests := []struct {
-		name  string
-		input string
-		want  string
-	}{
-		{
-			name:  "adjacent top-level lines get blank line",
-			input: "paragraph one\nparagraph two",
-			want:  "paragraph one\n\nparagraph two",
-		},
-		{
-			name:  "lines inside code block not modified",
-			input: "```\nline1\nline2\n```",
-			want:  "```\nline1\nline2\n```",
-		},
-		{
-			// callout is a content container: blank lines are inserted between inner lines.
-			name:  "lines inside callout get blank line between them",
-			input: "<callout>\nline1\nline2\n</callout>",
-			want:  "<callout>\n\nline1\n\nline2\n</callout>",
-		},
-		{
-			name:  "lark-td cell content gets blank line",
-			input: "<lark-td>\nline1\nline2\n</lark-td>",
-			want:  "<lark-td>\nline1\n\nline2\n</lark-td>",
-		},
-		{
-			name:  "structural lark-table tags not separated",
-			input: "<lark-table>\n<lark-tr>\n<lark-td>\ncontent\n</lark-td>\n</lark-tr>\n</lark-table>",
-			want:  "<lark-table>\n<lark-tr>\n<lark-td>\ncontent\n</lark-td>\n</lark-tr>\n</lark-table>",
-		},
-		{
-			name:  "blockquote lines not split",
-			input: "> line1\n> line2",
-			want:  "> line1\n> line2",
-		},
-		{
-			name:  "consecutive unordered list items not split",
-			input: "- item a\n- item b\n- item c",
-			want:  "- item a\n- item b\n- item c",
-		},
-		{
-			name:  "consecutive ordered list items not split",
-			input: "1. first\n2. second\n3. third",
-			want:  "1. first\n2. second\n3. third",
-		},
-		{
-			name:  "list continuation not split from item",
-			input: "- item a\n  continuation",
-			want:  "- item a\n  continuation",
-		},
-		{
-			name:  "text to list transition gets blank line",
-			input: "paragraph\n- list item",
-			want:  "paragraph\n\n- list item",
-		},
-		{
-			name:  "adjacent callout blocks get blank line between them",
-			input: "<callout>\ncontent1\n</callout>\n<callout>\ncontent2\n</callout>",
-			want:  "<callout>\n\ncontent1\n</callout>\n\n<callout>\n\ncontent2\n</callout>",
-		},
-	}
-	for _, tt := range tests {
-		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			got := fixTopLevelSoftbreaks(tt.input)
-			if got != tt.want {
-				t.Errorf("fixTopLevelSoftbreaks(%q) = %q, want %q", tt.input, got, tt.want)
-			}
-		})
-	}
-}
-
-func TestNormalizeNestedListIndentation(t *testing.T) {
-	tests := []struct {
-		name  string
-		input string
-		want  string
-	}{
-		{
-			name:  "nested ordered list uses tabs instead of space pairs",
-			input: "1. parent\n  1. child\n    1. grandchild",
-			want:  "1. parent\n\t1. child\n\t\t1. grandchild",
-		},
-		{
-			name:  "nested mixed list markers use tabs instead of space pairs",
-			input: "- parent\n  - child\n    1. grandchild",
-			want:  "- parent\n\t- child\n\t\t1. grandchild",
-		},
-		{
-			name:  "top-level list unchanged",
-			input: "1. parent\n2. sibling",
-			want:  "1. parent\n2. sibling",
-		},
-		{
-			name:  "indented top-level marker without parent list stays unchanged",
-			input: "paragraph\n\n  1. item",
-			want:  "paragraph\n\n  1. item",
-		},
-		{
-			name:  "blank-line-separated loose-list sibling stays unchanged",
-			input: "1. a\n\n  1. b",
-			want:  "1. a\n\n  1. b",
-		},
-		{
-			name:  "indented code block inside list item stays unchanged",
-			input: "- parent\n\n    1. code",
-			want:  "- parent\n\n    1. code",
-		},
-	}
-	for _, tt := range tests {
-		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			got := normalizeNestedListIndentation(tt.input)
-			if got != tt.want {
-				t.Errorf("normalizeNestedListIndentation(%q) = %q, want %q", tt.input, got, tt.want)
-			}
-		})
-	}
-}
-
-func TestFixExportedMarkdown(t *testing.T) {
-	// End-to-end: all fixes applied together
-	input := "# **Title**\nparagraph one\nparagraph two\n**bold **\n> q1\n> q2\nsome text\n---"
-	result := fixExportedMarkdown(input)
-
-	if strings.Contains(result, "# **Title**") {
-		t.Error("expected heading bold to be stripped")
-	}
-	if !strings.Contains(result, "paragraph one\n\nparagraph two") {
-		t.Error("expected blank line between top-level paragraphs")
-	}
-	if strings.Contains(result, "**bold **") {
-		t.Error("expected trailing space in bold to be fixed")
-	}
-	if !strings.Contains(result, ">\n> q2") {
-		t.Error("expected blockquote hard break inserted")
-	}
-	if strings.Contains(result, "some text\n---") {
-		t.Error("expected blank line before --- to prevent setext heading")
-	}
-	// Should end with exactly one newline
-	if !strings.HasSuffix(result, "\n") || strings.HasSuffix(result, "\n\n") {
-		t.Errorf("expected result to end with exactly one newline, got %q", result[len(result)-5:])
-	}
-	// No triple newlines
-	if strings.Contains(result, "\n\n\n") {
-		t.Error("expected no triple newlines in output")
-	}
-}
-
-func TestWarnCalloutType(t *testing.T) {
-	tests := []struct {
-		name         string
-		input        string
-		wantHint     bool   // whether a hint line is expected
-		hintContains string // substring the hint must contain
-	}{
-		{
-			name:         "warning type without background-color emits hint",
-			input:        `<callout type="warning" emoji="📝">`,
-			wantHint:     true,
-			hintContains: `background-color="light-yellow"`,
-		},
-		{
-			name:         "info type without background-color emits hint",
-			input:        `<callout type="info" emoji="ℹ️">`,
-			wantHint:     true,
-			hintContains: `background-color="light-blue"`,
-		},
-		{
-			name:         "single-quoted type attribute emits hint",
-			input:        `<callout type='warning' emoji="📝">`,
-			wantHint:     true,
-			hintContains: `background-color="light-yellow"`,
-		},
-		{
-			name:     "explicit background-color suppresses hint",
-			input:    `<callout type="warning" emoji="📝" background-color="light-red">`,
-			wantHint: false,
-		},
-		{
-			name:     "whitespace around equals is tolerated in background-color",
-			input:    `<callout type="warning" emoji="📝" background-color = "light-red">`,
-			wantHint: false,
-		},
-		{
-			name:     "unknown type emits no hint",
-			input:    `<callout type="custom" emoji="🔥">`,
-			wantHint: false,
-		},
-		{
-			name:     "no type attribute emits no hint",
-			input:    `<callout emoji="💡" background-color="light-green">`,
-			wantHint: false,
-		},
-		{
-			name:     "non-callout tag emits no hint",
-			input:    `<div type="warning">`,
-			wantHint: false,
-		},
-		{
-			name:         "hint includes border-color suggestion",
-			input:        `<callout type="error" emoji="❌">`,
-			wantHint:     true,
-			hintContains: `border-color="red"`,
-		},
-		{
-			// Regression: the old `\btype=` regex matched the suffix of
-			// `data-type=` because `-` is a non-word character, so a tag
-			// carrying only data-attrs would silently get a bogus hint.
-			// The (?:^|\s) anchor requires a real attribute separator.
-			name:     "data-type attribute does not trigger hint",
-			input:    `<callout data-type="warning" emoji="📝">`,
-			wantHint: false,
-		},
-		{
-			// Symmetric guard for the background-color regex: a future
-			// `data-background-color=` attribute must not be mistaken
-			// for a present background-color and silently suppress the
-			// hint that the real type= would otherwise produce.
-			name:         "data-background-color does not suppress hint",
-			input:        `<callout type="warning" data-background-color="anything">`,
-			wantHint:     true,
-			hintContains: `background-color="light-yellow"`,
-		},
-		{
-			// Regression for the code-fence skip: a documentation sample
-			// inside a ``` fence is NOT a real callout the user wants
-			// rendered, so it must produce no stderr noise.
-			name: "callout inside backtick fence emits no hint",
-			input: "```markdown\n" +
-				`<callout type="warning" emoji="📝">` + "\n" +
-				"```\n",
-			wantHint: false,
-		},
-		{
-			// Same skip works for tilde fences (CommonMark §4.5 makes
-			// `~~~` an equivalent fence character).
-			name: "callout inside tilde fence emits no hint",
-			input: "~~~markdown\n" +
-				`<callout type="info" emoji="ℹ️">` + "\n" +
-				"~~~\n",
-			wantHint: false,
-		},
-		{
-			// Closing the fence must restore normal scanning: a real
-			// callout that follows a documentation block still gets a
-			// hint. Pins that fenceMarker is reset, not stuck.
-			name: "callout after fence close still emits hint",
-			input: "```markdown\n" +
-				`<callout type="warning">sample</callout>` + "\n" +
-				"```\n" +
-				`<callout type="error" emoji="❌">real</callout>` + "\n",
-			wantHint:     true,
-			hintContains: `border-color="red"`,
-		},
-	}
-	for _, tt := range tests {
-		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			var buf strings.Builder
-			WarnCalloutType(tt.input, &buf)
-			got := buf.String()
-			if tt.wantHint {
-				if got == "" {
-					t.Errorf("WarnCalloutType(%q): expected hint, got no output", tt.input)
-					return
-				}
-				if tt.hintContains != "" && !strings.Contains(got, tt.hintContains) {
-					t.Errorf("WarnCalloutType(%q): hint %q missing %q", tt.input, got, tt.hintContains)
-				}
-			} else {
-				if got != "" {
-					t.Errorf("WarnCalloutType(%q): expected no output, got %q", tt.input, got)
-				}
-			}
-		})
-	}
-}
-
-func TestFixCalloutEmoji(t *testing.T) {
-	tests := []struct {
-		name  string
-		input string
-		want  string
-	}{
-		{
-			name:  "warning alias replaced",
-			input: `<callout emoji="warning" background-color="light-orange">`,
-			want:  `<callout emoji="⚠️" background-color="light-orange">`,
-		},
-		{
-			name:  "tip alias replaced",
-			input: `<callout emoji="tip">`,
-			want:  `<callout emoji="💡">`,
-		},
-		{
-			name:  "actual emoji unchanged",
-			input: `<callout emoji="⚠️">`,
-			want:  `<callout emoji="⚠️">`,
-		},
-		{
-			name:  "unknown alias unchanged",
-			input: `<callout emoji="unicorn">`,
-			want:  `<callout emoji="unicorn">`,
-		},
-		{
-			name:  "non-callout tag unchanged",
-			input: `<div emoji="warning">`,
-			want:  `<div emoji="warning">`,
-		},
-	}
-	for _, tt := range tests {
-		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			got := fixCalloutEmoji(tt.input)
-			if got != tt.want {
-				t.Errorf("fixCalloutEmoji(%q) = %q, want %q", tt.input, got, tt.want)
-			}
-		})
-	}
-}
-
-func TestApplyOutsideCodeFences(t *testing.T) {
-	// Transforms should not modify content inside fenced code blocks.
-	input := "```md\n**x **\n> a\n> b\nline\n---\n```"
-
-	if got := applyOutsideCodeFences(input, fixBoldSpacing); got != input {
-		t.Fatalf("fixBoldSpacing (via applyOutsideCodeFences) modified fenced code:\ngot  %q\nwant %q", got, input)
-	}
-	if got := applyOutsideCodeFences(input, fixSetextAmbiguity); got != input {
-		t.Fatalf("fixSetextAmbiguity (via applyOutsideCodeFences) modified fenced code:\ngot  %q\nwant %q", got, input)
-	}
-	if got := applyOutsideCodeFences(input, fixBlockquoteHardBreaks); got != input {
-		t.Fatalf("fixBlockquoteHardBreaks (via applyOutsideCodeFences) modified fenced code:\ngot  %q\nwant %q", got, input)
-	}
-
-	// Content outside the fence should still be transformed.
-	mixed := "**foo ** before\n```\n**x **\n```\n**bar ** after"
-	got := applyOutsideCodeFences(mixed, fixBoldSpacing)
-	if strings.Contains(got, "**foo **") {
-		t.Errorf("fixBoldSpacing did not fix bold before fence: %q", got)
-	}
-	if strings.Contains(got, "**bar **") {
-		t.Errorf("fixBoldSpacing did not fix bold after fence: %q", got)
-	}
-	if !strings.Contains(got, "```\n**x **\n```") {
-		t.Errorf("fixBoldSpacing modified content inside fence: %q", got)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestFixTopLevelSoftbreaksQuoteContainer(t *testing.T) {
-	input := "<quote-container>\nline1\nline2\n</quote-container>"
-	got := fixTopLevelSoftbreaks(input)
-	// quote-container is a content container: blank lines inserted between inner lines.
-	want := "<quote-container>\n\nline1\n\nline2\n</quote-container>"
-	if got != want {
-		t.Errorf("fixTopLevelSoftbreaks quote-container = %q, want %q", got, want)
-	}
-}

shortcuts/doc/shortcuts.go

@@ -9,28 +9,44 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/shortcuts/common"
 )
 
 const docsServiceHelpDefault = `Document and content operations.`
 
-const docsServiceHelpV2 = `Document and content operations (v2).`
+const docsSkillReadCommand = "lark-cli skills read lark-doc"
+const docsXMLSkillReadCommand = "lark-cli skills read lark-doc references/lark-doc-xml.md"
+const docsMDSkillReadCommand = "lark-cli skills read lark-doc references/lark-doc-md.md"
+const docsContentSkillHelp = "AI agents MUST read " +
+	docsXMLSkillReadCommand + " before writing any --content payload; " +
+	"when using --doc-format markdown, also read " + docsMDSkillReadCommand + ". " +
+	"Follow the latest rules there, and MUST NOT grep/open local SKILL.md files " +
+	"to discover this guidance"
 
-var docsVersionSelectionTips = []string{
-	"Docs v1 is deprecated and will be removed soon. Check the installed lark-doc skill first; if it is not the v2 skill, run `lark-cli update` to upgrade skills.",
-	"After confirming lark-doc is v2, follow that skill's examples and use `--api-version v2` with docs +create, docs +fetch, and docs +update.",
-}
-
-var docsV2VersionSelectionTips = []string{
-	"Check the installed lark-doc skill first; if it is not the v2 skill, run `lark-cli update` to upgrade skills.",
-}
-
-func docsTipsForVersion(apiVersion string) []string {
-	if apiVersion == "v2" {
-		return docsV2VersionSelectionTips
+func docsSkillReadCommandForShortcut(shortcut string) string {
+	switch strings.TrimPrefix(shortcut, "+") {
+	case "create":
+		return docsSkillReadCommand + " references/lark-doc-create.md"
+	case "fetch":
+		return docsSkillReadCommand + " references/lark-doc-fetch.md"
+	case "update":
+		return docsSkillReadCommand + " references/lark-doc-update.md"
+	default:
+		return docsSkillReadCommand
+	}
+}
+
+func docsHelpCommandForShortcut(shortcut string) string {
+	switch strings.TrimPrefix(shortcut, "+") {
+	case "create":
+		return "lark-cli docs +create --help"
+	case "fetch":
+		return "lark-cli docs +fetch --help"
+	case "update":
+		return "lark-cli docs +update --help"
+	default:
+		return "lark-cli docs --help"
 	}
-	return docsVersionSelectionTips
 }
 
 // Shortcuts returns all docs shortcuts.
@@ -48,45 +64,32 @@ func Shortcuts() []common.Shortcut {
 }
 
 // ConfigureServiceHelp adds docs-specific guidance to the parent `docs` command.
-// The shortcut-level help remains compatible with legacy v1 skills; this parent
-// help switches docs guidance to match the selected API version.
 func ConfigureServiceHelp(cmd *cobra.Command) {
 	if cmd == nil {
 		return
 	}
-	serviceCmd := cmd
-	cmd.Long = strings.TrimSpace(docsServiceHelpDefault)
-	if cmd.Flags().Lookup("api-version") == nil {
-		cmd.Flags().String("api-version", "", "show docs help for API version (v1|v2)")
-		cmdutil.RegisterFlagCompletion(cmd, "api-version", func(_ *cobra.Command, _ []string, _ string) ([]string, cobra.ShellCompDirective) {
-			return []string{"v1", "v2"}, cobra.ShellCompDirectiveNoFileComp
-		})
-	}
-
-	defaultHelp := cmd.HelpFunc()
-	cmd.SetHelpFunc(func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
-		if cmd != serviceCmd {
-			defaultHelp(cmd, args)
-			return
-		}
-
-		apiVersion, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("api-version")
-		previousLong := cmd.Long
-		if apiVersion == "v2" {
-			cmd.Long = strings.TrimSpace(docsServiceHelpV2)
-		} else {
-			cmd.Long = strings.TrimSpace(docsServiceHelpDefault)
-		}
-		defer func() {
-			cmd.Long = previousLong
-		}()
-
-		defaultHelp(cmd, args)
-		out := cmd.OutOrStdout()
-		fmt.Fprintln(out)
-		fmt.Fprintln(out, "Tips:")
-		for _, tip := range docsTipsForVersion(apiVersion) {
-			fmt.Fprintf(out, "    • %s\n", tip)
-		}
-	})
+	cmd.Long = docsHelpLong(docsServiceHelpDefault, docsSkillReadCommand)
+}
+
+func installDocsShortcutHelp(command string) func(*cobra.Command) {
+	return func(cmd *cobra.Command) {
+		cmd.Long = docsHelpLong(cmd.Short, docsSkillReadCommandForShortcut(command))
+	}
+}
+
+func docsHelpLong(summary, skillReadCommand string) string {
+	return strings.TrimSpace(fmt.Sprintf(`%s
+
+Start here (required for AI agents):
+  %s
+
+  AI agents MUST read the matching embedded skill before choosing flags
+  or running docs commands. Do not skip this step, and do not infer
+  workflows from --help alone. MUST NOT grep/open local SKILL.md files
+  to discover this guidance; use %s so content stays version-matched
+  with this CLI. Skills ship with the CLI and include docs workflows,
+  selector/block-id usage, XML/Markdown formats, and copy-paste examples.
+
+  skills read lark-doc                Docs workflow guide
+  skills read lark-doc <path>         Read a referenced docs skill file`, strings.TrimSpace(summary), skillReadCommand, skillReadCommand))
 }

shortcuts/doc/v2_only.go

@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package doc
+
+import (
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/shortcuts/common"
+)
+
+type docsLegacyFlag struct {
+	Name        string
+	Replacement string
+}
+
+func docsAPIVersionCompatFlag() common.Flag {
+	return common.Flag{
+		Name:    "api-version",
+		Desc:    "deprecated compatibility flag; docs shortcuts always use v2, and both v1/v2 are accepted for rollback-safe skill examples",
+		Default: "v2",
+	}
+}
+
+func docsCreateLegacyFlags() []docsLegacyFlag {
+	return []docsLegacyFlag{
+		{Name: "title", Replacement: "put the title in --content, for example <title>Title</title>"},
+		{Name: "markdown", Replacement: "use --content with --doc-format markdown"},
+		{Name: "folder-token", Replacement: "use --parent-token"},
+		{Name: "wiki-node", Replacement: "use --parent-token"},
+		{Name: "wiki-space", Replacement: "use --parent-position my_library or a concrete parent position"},
+	}
+}
+
+func docsFetchLegacyFlags() []docsLegacyFlag {
+	return []docsLegacyFlag{
+		{Name: "offset", Replacement: "use --scope outline/range/keyword/section for partial reads"},
+		{Name: "limit", Replacement: "use --scope outline/range/keyword/section for partial reads"},
+	}
+}
+
+func docsUpdateLegacyFlags() []docsLegacyFlag {
+	return []docsLegacyFlag{
+		{Name: "mode", Replacement: "use --command"},
+		{Name: "markdown", Replacement: "use --content with --doc-format markdown"},
+		{Name: "selection-with-ellipsis", Replacement: "use --command str_replace with --pattern"},
+		{Name: "selection-by-title", Replacement: "fetch block ids first, then use --command block_replace/block_insert_after with --block-id"},
+		{Name: "new-title", Replacement: "update the title through XML content in --content"},
+	}
+}
+
+func docsLegacyFlagDefinitions(flags []docsLegacyFlag) []common.Flag {
+	out := make([]common.Flag, 0, len(flags))
+	for _, flag := range flags {
+		out = append(out, common.Flag{
+			Name:   flag.Name,
+			Desc:   "deprecated v1 compatibility flag; run `lark-cli skills read lark-doc` for the v2 CLI skill",
+			Hidden: true,
+		})
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+func validateDocsV2Only(runtime *common.RuntimeContext, shortcut string, legacyFlags []docsLegacyFlag) error {
+	switch apiVersion := strings.TrimSpace(runtime.Str("api-version")); apiVersion {
+	case "", "v1", "v2":
+	default:
+		return docsV2OnlyError(shortcut, "--api-version is deprecated and only accepts v1 or v2; both values execute the v2 API")
+	}
+
+	var used []string
+	var replacements []string
+	for _, flag := range legacyFlags {
+		if !runtime.Changed(flag.Name) {
+			continue
+		}
+		used = append(used, "--"+flag.Name)
+		if flag.Replacement != "" {
+			replacements = append(replacements, "--"+flag.Name+" -> "+flag.Replacement)
+		}
+	}
+	if len(used) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	detail := "the old v1 interface has been shut down; legacy v1 flag(s) " + strings.Join(used, ", ") + " are no longer supported"
+	if len(replacements) > 0 {
+		detail += "; " + strings.Join(replacements, "; ")
+	}
+	return docsV2OnlyError(shortcut, detail)
+}
+
+func docsV2OnlyError(shortcut, detail string) error {
+	return common.FlagErrorf(
+		"docs %s is v2-only; %s. Run `%s` for the current schema and examples. AI agents MUST read `%s` (XML) or `%s` (Markdown) and follow the latest format rules there. MUST NOT grep/open local SKILL.md files to discover this guidance; use `lark-cli skills read ...` so content stays version-matched with this CLI. Run `%s` for the latest command flags",
+		shortcut,
+		detail,
+		docsSkillReadCommandForShortcut(shortcut),
+		docsXMLSkillReadCommand,
+		docsMDSkillReadCommand,
+		docsHelpCommandForShortcut(shortcut),
+	)
+}

shortcuts/doc/v2_only_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package doc
+
+import (
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/shortcuts/common"
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+)
+
+func TestValidateDocsV2OnlyAllowsDefaultAndDeprecatedAPIVersionValues(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, apiVersion := range []string{"", "v1", "v2"} {
+		t.Run(apiVersion, func(t *testing.T) {
+			runtime := docsV2OnlyTestRuntime(t, apiVersion, false)
+			if err := validateDocsV2Only(runtime, "+update", []docsLegacyFlag{{Name: "mode", Replacement: "use --command"}}); err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("validateDocsV2Only(%q) error = %v, want nil", apiVersion, err)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestValidateDocsV2OnlyRejectsUnknownAPIVersion(t *testing.T) {
+	runtime := docsV2OnlyTestRuntime(t, "v0", false)
+	err := validateDocsV2Only(runtime, "+fetch", nil)
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected unknown --api-version to be rejected")
+	}
+	for _, want := range []string{
+		"docs +fetch is v2-only",
+		"--api-version is deprecated and only accepts v1 or v2",
+		"both values execute the v2 API",
+		"lark-cli skills read lark-doc references/lark-doc-fetch.md",
+		"lark-cli skills read lark-doc references/lark-doc-xml.md",
+		"lark-cli skills read lark-doc references/lark-doc-md.md",
+		"MUST NOT grep/open local SKILL.md files",
+		"lark-cli docs +fetch --help",
+	} {
+		if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), want) {
+			t.Fatalf("error missing %q: %v", want, err)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestValidateDocsV2OnlyRejectsChangedLegacyFlags(t *testing.T) {
+	runtime := docsV2OnlyTestRuntime(t, "", true)
+	err := validateDocsV2Only(runtime, "+update", []docsLegacyFlag{{Name: "mode", Replacement: "use --command"}})
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected changed legacy flag to be rejected")
+	}
+	for _, want := range []string{
+		"the old v1 interface has been shut down",
+		"legacy v1 flag(s) --mode are no longer supported",
+		"--mode -> use --command",
+		"lark-cli skills read lark-doc references/lark-doc-update.md",
+		"lark-cli skills read lark-doc references/lark-doc-xml.md",
+		"lark-cli skills read lark-doc references/lark-doc-md.md",
+		"MUST NOT grep/open local SKILL.md files",
+		"lark-cli docs +update --help",
+	} {
+		if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), want) {
+			t.Fatalf("error missing %q: %v", want, err)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func docsV2OnlyTestRuntime(t *testing.T, apiVersion string, legacyMode bool) *common.RuntimeContext {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	cmd := &cobra.Command{Use: "+update"}
+	cmd.Flags().String("api-version", "", "")
+	cmd.Flags().String("mode", "", "")
+	if apiVersion != "" {
+		if err := cmd.Flags().Set("api-version", apiVersion); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("set api-version: %v", err)
+		}
+	}
+	if legacyMode {
+		if err := cmd.Flags().Set("mode", "overwrite"); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("set mode: %v", err)
+		}
+	}
+	return common.TestNewRuntimeContext(cmd, nil)
+}

shortcuts/doc/versioned_help.go

@@ -1,44 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
-
-package doc
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
-	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
-	"github.com/spf13/pflag"
-
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/shortcuts/common"
-)
-
-// installVersionedHelp sets a custom help function on cmd that shows only the
-// flags relevant to the selected --api-version. flagVersions maps flag name to
-// its version ("v1" or "v2"). Flags not in the map are treated as shared and
-// always visible.
-func installVersionedHelp(cmd *cobra.Command, defaultVersion string, flagVersions map[string]string) {
-	origHelp := cmd.HelpFunc()
-	cmd.SetHelpFunc(func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
-		ver, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("api-version")
-		if ver == "" {
-			ver = defaultVersion
-		}
-		// Show/hide flags based on the active version.
-		cmd.Flags().VisitAll(func(f *pflag.Flag) {
-			if fv, ok := flagVersions[f.Name]; ok {
-				f.Hidden = fv != ver
-			}
-		})
-		cmdutil.SetTips(cmd, docsTipsForVersion(ver))
-		origHelp(cmd, args)
-	})
-}
-
-// warnDeprecatedV1 prints a deprecation notice to stderr when the v1 (MCP) code
-// path is used.
-func warnDeprecatedV1(runtime *common.RuntimeContext, shortcut string) {
-	fmt.Fprintf(runtime.IO().ErrOut,
-		"[deprecated] docs %s is using the v1 API. %s\n",
-		shortcut, docsV2VersionSelectionTips[0])
-}

shortcuts/doc/versioned_help_test.go

@@ -1,36 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
-
-package doc
-
-import (
-	"strings"
-	"testing"
-
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
-	"github.com/larksuite/cli/shortcuts/common"
-)
-
-func TestWarnDeprecatedV1SuggestsSkillUpdate(t *testing.T) {
-	for _, shortcut := range []string{"+create", "+fetch", "+update"} {
-		t.Run(shortcut, func(t *testing.T) {
-			f, _, stderr, _ := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, &core.CliConfig{})
-			warnDeprecatedV1(&common.RuntimeContext{Factory: f}, shortcut)
-
-			got := stderr.String()
-			for _, want := range []string{
-				"[deprecated] docs " + shortcut + " is using the v1 API.",
-				"Check the installed lark-doc skill first",
-				"if it is not the v2 skill, run `lark-cli update` to upgrade skills",
-			} {
-				if !strings.Contains(got, want) {
-					t.Fatalf("warning missing %q:\n%s", want, got)
-				}
-			}
-			if strings.Contains(got, "will be removed in a future release") {
-				t.Fatalf("warning should not include removal-only guidance:\n%s", got)
-			}
-		})
-	}
-}

shortcuts/drive/drive_add_comment.go

@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ var DriveAddComment = common.Shortcut{
 	Flags: []common.Flag{
 		{Name: "doc", Desc: "document URL/token, file URL/token, sheet/slides URL, or wiki URL that resolves to doc/docx/file/sheet/slides", Required: true},
 		{Name: "type", Desc: "document type: doc, docx, file, sheet, slides (required when --doc is a bare token; auto-detected for URLs)", Enum: []string{"doc", "docx", "file", "sheet", "slides"}},
-		{Name: "content", Desc: "reply_elements JSON string", Required: true},
+		{Name: "content", Desc: "reply_elements JSON string", Required: true, Input: []string{common.File, common.Stdin}},
 		{Name: "full-comment", Type: "bool", Desc: "create a full-document comment; also the default when no location is provided"},
 		{Name: "selection-with-ellipsis", Desc: "target content locator (plain text or 'start...end')"},
 		{Name: "block-id", Desc: "for docx: anchor block ID; for sheet: <sheetId>!<cell> (e.g. a281f9!D6); for slides: <slide-block-type>!<xml-id> (e.g. shape!bPq)"},

shortcuts/drive/drive_export.go

@@ -39,230 +39,296 @@ var DriveExport = common.Shortcut{
 		{Name: "overwrite", Type: "bool", Desc: "overwrite existing output file"},
 	},
 	Validate: func(ctx context.Context, runtime *common.RuntimeContext) error {
-		return validateDriveExportSpec(driveExportSpec{
-			Token:         runtime.Str("token"),
-			DocType:       runtime.Str("doc-type"),
-			FileExtension: runtime.Str("file-extension"),
-			SubID:         runtime.Str("sub-id"),
-		})
+		return ValidateExport(exportParamsFromFlags(runtime))
 	},
 	DryRun: func(ctx context.Context, runtime *common.RuntimeContext) *common.DryRunAPI {
-		spec := driveExportSpec{
-			Token:         runtime.Str("token"),
-			DocType:       runtime.Str("doc-type"),
-			FileExtension: runtime.Str("file-extension"),
-			SubID:         runtime.Str("sub-id"),
-		}
-		// Markdown export is a special case: docx markdown comes from the V2
-		// docs_ai fetch API directly instead of the Drive export task API.
-		if spec.FileExtension == "markdown" {
-			apiPath := fmt.Sprintf("/open-apis/docs_ai/v1/documents/%s/fetch", validate.EncodePathSegment(spec.Token))
-			dr := common.NewDryRunAPI().
-				Desc("2-step orchestration: fetch docx markdown -> write local file").
-				POST(apiPath).
-				Body(map[string]interface{}{
-					"format": "markdown",
-				}).
-				Set("output_dir", runtime.Str("output-dir"))
-			if name := strings.TrimSpace(runtime.Str("file-name")); name != "" {
-				dr.Set("file_name", ensureExportFileExtension(sanitizeExportFileName(name, spec.Token), spec.FileExtension))
-			}
-			return dr
-		}
+		return PlanExportDryRun(runtime, exportParamsFromFlags(runtime))
+	},
+	Execute: func(ctx context.Context, runtime *common.RuntimeContext) error {
+		return RunExport(ctx, runtime, exportParamsFromFlags(runtime))
+	},
+}
 
-		body := map[string]interface{}{
-			"token":          spec.Token,
-			"type":           spec.DocType,
-			"file_extension": spec.FileExtension,
-		}
-		if strings.TrimSpace(spec.SubID) != "" {
-			body["sub_id"] = spec.SubID
-		}
+// ExportParams holds the user-facing inputs for an export flow, decoupled from
+// cobra flags so other command groups (e.g. sheets +workbook-export) can reuse
+// the drive export implementation. An empty OutputDir means "create the export
+// task and poll, but do not download" — callers that only need the ready file
+// token / status get it back without writing a local file.
+type ExportParams struct {
+	Token         string
+	DocType       string
+	FileExtension string
+	SubID         string
+	OutputDir     string
+	FileName      string
+	Overwrite     bool
+}
 
+func (p ExportParams) spec() driveExportSpec {
+	return driveExportSpec{
+		Token:         p.Token,
+		DocType:       p.DocType,
+		FileExtension: p.FileExtension,
+		SubID:         p.SubID,
+	}
+}
+
+// exportParamsFromFlags reads the standard drive +export flag set.
+func exportParamsFromFlags(runtime *common.RuntimeContext) ExportParams {
+	// drive +export always downloads; an empty --output-dir historically means
+	// the current directory (saveContentToOutputDir maps "" -> "."), so normalize
+	// it here to keep behavior identical and stay off the export-only ("" => skip
+	// download) path that only sheets +workbook-export uses.
+	outputDir := runtime.Str("output-dir")
+	if outputDir == "" {
+		outputDir = "."
+	}
+	return ExportParams{
+		Token:         runtime.Str("token"),
+		DocType:       runtime.Str("doc-type"),
+		FileExtension: runtime.Str("file-extension"),
+		SubID:         runtime.Str("sub-id"),
+		OutputDir:     outputDir,
+		FileName:      strings.TrimSpace(runtime.Str("file-name")),
+		Overwrite:     runtime.Bool("overwrite"),
+	}
+}
+
+// ValidateExport runs the CLI-level export constraint checks.
+func ValidateExport(p ExportParams) error {
+	return validateDriveExportSpec(p.spec())
+}
+
+// PlanExportDryRun builds the dry-run plan for an export without performing I/O.
+func PlanExportDryRun(runtime *common.RuntimeContext, p ExportParams) *common.DryRunAPI {
+	spec := p.spec()
+	// Markdown export is a special case: docx markdown comes from the V2
+	// docs_ai fetch API directly instead of the Drive export task API.
+	if spec.FileExtension == "markdown" {
+		apiPath := fmt.Sprintf("/open-apis/docs_ai/v1/documents/%s/fetch", validate.EncodePathSegment(spec.Token))
 		dr := common.NewDryRunAPI().
-			Desc("3-step orchestration: create export task -> limited polling -> download file").
-			POST("/open-apis/drive/v1/export_tasks").
-			Body(body).
-			Set("output_dir", runtime.Str("output-dir"))
-		if name := strings.TrimSpace(runtime.Str("file-name")); name != "" {
+			Desc("2-step orchestration: fetch docx markdown -> write local file").
+			POST(apiPath).
+			Body(map[string]interface{}{
+				"format": "markdown",
+			}).
+			Set("output_dir", p.OutputDir)
+		if name := strings.TrimSpace(p.FileName); name != "" {
 			dr.Set("file_name", ensureExportFileExtension(sanitizeExportFileName(name, spec.Token), spec.FileExtension))
 		}
 		return dr
-	},
-	Execute: func(ctx context.Context, runtime *common.RuntimeContext) error {
-		spec := driveExportSpec{
-			Token:         runtime.Str("token"),
-			DocType:       runtime.Str("doc-type"),
-			FileExtension: runtime.Str("file-extension"),
-			SubID:         runtime.Str("sub-id"),
+	}
+
+	body := map[string]interface{}{
+		"token":          spec.Token,
+		"type":           spec.DocType,
+		"file_extension": spec.FileExtension,
+	}
+	if strings.TrimSpace(spec.SubID) != "" {
+		body["sub_id"] = spec.SubID
+	}
+
+	dr := common.NewDryRunAPI().
+		Desc("3-step orchestration: create export task -> limited polling -> download file").
+		POST("/open-apis/drive/v1/export_tasks").
+		Body(body).
+		Set("output_dir", p.OutputDir)
+	if name := strings.TrimSpace(p.FileName); name != "" {
+		dr.Set("file_name", ensureExportFileExtension(sanitizeExportFileName(name, spec.Token), spec.FileExtension))
+	}
+	return dr
+}
+
+// RunExport drives create export task -> bounded poll -> optional download. It
+// is the shared core behind both drive +export and sheets +workbook-export. An
+// empty p.OutputDir skips the download step and returns the ready file token.
+func RunExport(ctx context.Context, runtime *common.RuntimeContext, p ExportParams) error {
+	spec := p.spec()
+	outputDir := p.OutputDir
+	preferredFileName := strings.TrimSpace(p.FileName)
+	overwrite := p.Overwrite
+
+	// Markdown export bypasses the async export task and writes the fetched
+	// markdown content directly to disk. Uses the V2 docs_ai fetch API for
+	// higher-quality Lark-flavored Markdown output.
+	if spec.FileExtension == "markdown" {
+		fmt.Fprintf(runtime.IO().ErrOut, "Exporting docx as markdown: %s\n", common.MaskToken(spec.Token))
+		apiPath := fmt.Sprintf("/open-apis/docs_ai/v1/documents/%s/fetch", validate.EncodePathSegment(spec.Token))
+		data, err := runtime.CallAPITyped(
+			"POST",
+			apiPath,
+			nil,
+			map[string]interface{}{
+				"format": "markdown",
+			},
+		)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
 		}
-		outputDir := runtime.Str("output-dir")
-		preferredFileName := strings.TrimSpace(runtime.Str("file-name"))
-		overwrite := runtime.Bool("overwrite")
 
-		// Markdown export bypasses the async export task and writes the fetched
-		// markdown content directly to disk. Uses the V2 docs_ai fetch API for
-		// higher-quality Lark-flavored Markdown output.
-		if spec.FileExtension == "markdown" {
-			fmt.Fprintf(runtime.IO().ErrOut, "Exporting docx as markdown: %s\n", common.MaskToken(spec.Token))
-			apiPath := fmt.Sprintf("/open-apis/docs_ai/v1/documents/%s/fetch", validate.EncodePathSegment(spec.Token))
-			data, err := runtime.CallAPITyped(
-				"POST",
-				apiPath,
-				nil,
-				map[string]interface{}{
-					"format": "markdown",
-				},
-			)
+		// Extract content from the V2 response: data.document.content
+		doc, ok := data["document"].(map[string]interface{})
+		if !ok {
+			return errs.NewInternalError(errs.SubtypeInvalidResponse, "invalid markdown fetch response: missing document object")
+		}
+		content, ok := doc["content"].(string)
+		if !ok {
+			return errs.NewInternalError(errs.SubtypeInvalidResponse, "invalid markdown fetch response: missing document.content")
+		}
+
+		fileName := preferredFileName
+		if fileName == "" {
+			// Prefer the remote title for the exported file name, but still fall
+			// back to the token if metadata is empty.
+			title, err := common.FetchDriveMetaTitle(runtime, spec.Token, spec.DocType)
 			if err != nil {
-				return err
+				fmt.Fprintf(runtime.IO().ErrOut, "Title lookup failed, using token as filename: %v\n", err)
+				title = spec.Token
 			}
+			fileName = title
+		}
+		fileName = ensureExportFileExtension(sanitizeExportFileName(fileName, spec.Token), spec.FileExtension)
+		savedPath, err := saveContentToOutputDir(runtime.FileIO(), outputDir, fileName, []byte(content), overwrite)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
 
-			// Extract content from the V2 response: data.document.content
-			doc, ok := data["document"].(map[string]interface{})
-			if !ok {
-				return errs.NewInternalError(errs.SubtypeInvalidResponse, "invalid markdown fetch response: missing document object")
+		runtime.Out(map[string]interface{}{
+			"token":          spec.Token,
+			"doc_type":       spec.DocType,
+			"file_extension": spec.FileExtension,
+			"file_name":      filepath.Base(savedPath),
+			"saved_path":     savedPath,
+			"size_bytes":     len(content),
+		}, nil)
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	ticket, err := createDriveExportTask(runtime, spec)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	fmt.Fprintf(runtime.IO().ErrOut, "Created export task: %s\n", ticket)
+
+	var lastStatus driveExportStatus
+	var lastPollErr error
+	hasObservedStatus := false
+	// Keep the command responsive by polling for a bounded window. If the task
+	// is still running after that, return a resume command instead of blocking.
+	for attempt := 1; attempt <= driveExportPollAttempts; attempt++ {
+		if attempt > 1 {
+			select {
+			case <-ctx.Done():
+				return ctx.Err()
+			case <-time.After(driveExportPollInterval):
 			}
-			content, ok := doc["content"].(string)
-			if !ok {
-				return errs.NewInternalError(errs.SubtypeInvalidResponse, "invalid markdown fetch response: missing document.content")
+		}
+		if err := ctx.Err(); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		status, err := getDriveExportStatus(runtime, spec.Token, ticket)
+		if err != nil {
+			// Treat polling failures as transient so short-lived backend hiccups
+			// do not immediately fail an otherwise healthy export task.
+			lastPollErr = err
+			fmt.Fprintf(runtime.IO().ErrOut, "Export status attempt %d/%d failed: %v\n", attempt, driveExportPollAttempts, err)
+			continue
+		}
+		lastStatus = status
+		hasObservedStatus = true
+
+		if status.Ready() {
+			fmt.Fprintf(runtime.IO().ErrOut, "Export task completed: %s\n", common.MaskToken(status.FileToken))
+
+			// Export-only mode: caller wants the ready file token / metadata but
+			// no local download (e.g. sheets +workbook-export without an output
+			// path). Skip the download and return the status envelope.
+			if strings.TrimSpace(outputDir) == "" {
+				runtime.Out(map[string]interface{}{
+					"ticket":         ticket,
+					"token":          spec.Token,
+					"doc_type":       spec.DocType,
+					"file_extension": spec.FileExtension,
+					"file_token":     status.FileToken,
+					"file_name":      status.FileName,
+					"file_size":      status.FileSize,
+					"ready":          true,
+					"downloaded":     false,
+				}, nil)
+				return nil
 			}
 
 			fileName := preferredFileName
 			if fileName == "" {
-				// Prefer the remote title for the exported file name, but still fall
-				// back to the token if metadata is empty.
-				title, err := common.FetchDriveMetaTitle(runtime, spec.Token, spec.DocType)
-				if err != nil {
-					fmt.Fprintf(runtime.IO().ErrOut, "Title lookup failed, using token as filename: %v\n", err)
-					title = spec.Token
-				}
-				fileName = title
+				fileName = status.FileName
 			}
 			fileName = ensureExportFileExtension(sanitizeExportFileName(fileName, spec.Token), spec.FileExtension)
-			savedPath, err := saveContentToOutputDir(runtime.FileIO(), outputDir, fileName, []byte(content), overwrite)
+			out, err := downloadDriveExportFile(ctx, runtime, status.FileToken, outputDir, fileName, overwrite)
 			if err != nil {
-				return err
+				recoveryCommand := driveExportDownloadCommand(status.FileToken, fileName, outputDir, overwrite)
+				hint := fmt.Sprintf(
+					"the export artifact is already ready (ticket=%s, file_token=%s)\nretry download with: %s",
+					ticket,
+					status.FileToken,
+					recoveryCommand,
+				)
+				return appendDriveExportRecoveryHint(err, hint)
 			}
-
-			runtime.Out(map[string]interface{}{
-				"token":          spec.Token,
-				"doc_type":       spec.DocType,
-				"file_extension": spec.FileExtension,
-				"file_name":      filepath.Base(savedPath),
-				"saved_path":     savedPath,
-				"size_bytes":     len(content),
-			}, nil)
+			out["ticket"] = ticket
+			out["doc_type"] = spec.DocType
+			out["file_extension"] = spec.FileExtension
+			runtime.Out(out, nil)
 			return nil
 		}
 
-		ticket, err := createDriveExportTask(runtime, spec)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		fmt.Fprintf(runtime.IO().ErrOut, "Created export task: %s\n", ticket)
-
-		var lastStatus driveExportStatus
-		var lastPollErr error
-		hasObservedStatus := false
-		// Keep the command responsive by polling for a bounded window. If the task
-		// is still running after that, return a resume command instead of blocking.
-		for attempt := 1; attempt <= driveExportPollAttempts; attempt++ {
-			if attempt > 1 {
-				select {
-				case <-ctx.Done():
-					return ctx.Err()
-				case <-time.After(driveExportPollInterval):
-				}
+		if status.Failed() {
+			msg := strings.TrimSpace(status.JobErrorMsg)
+			if msg == "" {
+				msg = status.StatusLabel()
 			}
-			if err := ctx.Err(); err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
-
-			status, err := getDriveExportStatus(runtime, spec.Token, ticket)
-			if err != nil {
-				// Treat polling failures as transient so short-lived backend hiccups
-				// do not immediately fail an otherwise healthy export task.
-				lastPollErr = err
-				fmt.Fprintf(runtime.IO().ErrOut, "Export status attempt %d/%d failed: %v\n", attempt, driveExportPollAttempts, err)
-				continue
-			}
-			lastStatus = status
-			hasObservedStatus = true
-
-			if status.Ready() {
-				fmt.Fprintf(runtime.IO().ErrOut, "Export task completed: %s\n", common.MaskToken(status.FileToken))
-				fileName := preferredFileName
-				if fileName == "" {
-					fileName = status.FileName
-				}
-				fileName = ensureExportFileExtension(sanitizeExportFileName(fileName, spec.Token), spec.FileExtension)
-				out, err := downloadDriveExportFile(ctx, runtime, status.FileToken, outputDir, fileName, overwrite)
-				if err != nil {
-					recoveryCommand := driveExportDownloadCommand(status.FileToken, fileName, outputDir, overwrite)
-					hint := fmt.Sprintf(
-						"the export artifact is already ready (ticket=%s, file_token=%s)\nretry download with: %s",
-						ticket,
-						status.FileToken,
-						recoveryCommand,
-					)
-					return appendDriveExportRecoveryHint(err, hint)
-				}
-				out["ticket"] = ticket
-				out["doc_type"] = spec.DocType
-				out["file_extension"] = spec.FileExtension
-				runtime.Out(out, nil)
-				return nil
-			}
-
-			if status.Failed() {
-				msg := strings.TrimSpace(status.JobErrorMsg)
-				if msg == "" {
-					msg = status.StatusLabel()
-				}
-				return errs.NewAPIError(errs.SubtypeServerError, "export task failed: %s (ticket=%s)", msg, ticket)
-			}
-
-			fmt.Fprintf(runtime.IO().ErrOut, "Export status %d/%d: %s\n", attempt, driveExportPollAttempts, status.StatusLabel())
+			return errs.NewAPIError(errs.SubtypeServerError, "export task failed: %s (ticket=%s)", msg, ticket)
 		}
 
-		nextCommand := driveExportTaskResultCommand(ticket, spec.Token)
-		if !hasObservedStatus && lastPollErr != nil {
-			hint := fmt.Sprintf(
-				"the export task was created but every status poll failed (ticket=%s)\nretry status lookup with: %s",
-				ticket,
-				nextCommand,
-			)
-			return appendDriveExportRecoveryHint(lastPollErr, hint)
-		}
+		fmt.Fprintf(runtime.IO().ErrOut, "Export status %d/%d: %s\n", attempt, driveExportPollAttempts, status.StatusLabel())
+	}
 
-		failed := false
-		var jobStatus interface{}
-		jobStatusLabel := "unknown"
-		if hasObservedStatus {
-			failed = lastStatus.Failed()
-			jobStatus = lastStatus.JobStatus
-			jobStatusLabel = lastStatus.StatusLabel()
-		}
-		// Return the last observed status so callers can resume from a known task
-		// state instead of losing all progress information on timeout.
-		result := map[string]interface{}{
-			"ticket":           ticket,
-			"token":            spec.Token,
-			"doc_type":         spec.DocType,
-			"file_extension":   spec.FileExtension,
-			"ready":            false,
-			"failed":           failed,
-			"job_status":       jobStatus,
-			"job_status_label": jobStatusLabel,
-			"timed_out":        true,
-			"next_command":     nextCommand,
-		}
-		if preferredFileName != "" {
-			result["file_name"] = ensureExportFileExtension(sanitizeExportFileName(preferredFileName, spec.Token), spec.FileExtension)
-		}
-		runtime.Out(result, nil)
-		fmt.Fprintf(runtime.IO().ErrOut, "Export task is still in progress. Continue with: %s\n", nextCommand)
-		return nil
-	},
+	nextCommand := driveExportTaskResultCommand(ticket, spec.Token)
+	if !hasObservedStatus && lastPollErr != nil {
+		hint := fmt.Sprintf(
+			"the export task was created but every status poll failed (ticket=%s)\nretry status lookup with: %s",
+			ticket,
+			nextCommand,
+		)
+		return appendDriveExportRecoveryHint(lastPollErr, hint)
+	}
+
+	failed := false
+	var jobStatus interface{}
+	jobStatusLabel := "unknown"
+	if hasObservedStatus {
+		failed = lastStatus.Failed()
+		jobStatus = lastStatus.JobStatus
+		jobStatusLabel = lastStatus.StatusLabel()
+	}
+	// Return the last observed status so callers can resume from a known task
+	// state instead of losing all progress information on timeout.
+	result := map[string]interface{}{
+		"ticket":           ticket,
+		"token":            spec.Token,
+		"doc_type":         spec.DocType,
+		"file_extension":   spec.FileExtension,
+		"ready":            false,
+		"failed":           failed,
+		"job_status":       jobStatus,
+		"job_status_label": jobStatusLabel,
+		"timed_out":        true,
+		"next_command":     nextCommand,
+	}
+	if preferredFileName != "" {
+		result["file_name"] = ensureExportFileExtension(sanitizeExportFileName(preferredFileName, spec.Token), spec.FileExtension)
+	}
+	runtime.Out(result, nil)
+	fmt.Fprintf(runtime.IO().ErrOut, "Export task is still in progress. Continue with: %s\n", nextCommand)
+	return nil
 }

shortcuts/drive/drive_export_test.go

@@ -488,6 +488,72 @@ func TestDriveExportAsyncSuccess(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+// TestDriveExportEmptyOutputDirDownloadsToCwd guards the export refactor: an
+// explicit empty --output-dir must still download to the current directory
+// (normalized to "."), not trigger the export-only no-download path that the
+// shared RunExport core uses for sheets +workbook-export.
+func TestDriveExportEmptyOutputDirDownloadsToCwd(t *testing.T) {
+	f, stdout, _, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, driveTestConfig())
+	reg.Register(&httpmock.Stub{
+		Method: "POST",
+		URL:    "/open-apis/drive/v1/export_tasks",
+		Body:   map[string]interface{}{"code": 0, "data": map[string]interface{}{"ticket": "tk_e"}},
+	})
+	reg.Register(&httpmock.Stub{
+		Method: "GET",
+		URL:    "/open-apis/drive/v1/export_tasks/tk_e",
+		Body: map[string]interface{}{"code": 0, "data": map[string]interface{}{
+			"result": map[string]interface{}{
+				"job_status": 0, "file_token": "box_e", "file_name": "report",
+				"file_extension": "pdf", "type": "docx", "file_size": 3,
+			},
+		}},
+	})
+	reg.Register(&httpmock.Stub{
+		Method:  "GET",
+		URL:     "/open-apis/drive/v1/export_tasks/file/box_e/download",
+		Status:  200,
+		RawBody: []byte("pdf"),
+		Headers: http.Header{
+			"Content-Type":        []string{"application/pdf"},
+			"Content-Disposition": []string{`attachment; filename="report.pdf"`},
+		},
+	})
+
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	withDriveWorkingDir(t, tmpDir)
+
+	prevAttempts, prevInterval := driveExportPollAttempts, driveExportPollInterval
+	driveExportPollAttempts, driveExportPollInterval = 1, 0
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		driveExportPollAttempts, driveExportPollInterval = prevAttempts, prevInterval
+	})
+
+	err := mountAndRunDrive(t, DriveExport, []string{
+		"+export",
+		"--token", "docx123",
+		"--doc-type", "docx",
+		"--file-extension", "pdf",
+		"--output-dir", "",
+		"--as", "bot",
+	}, f, stdout)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	// Empty --output-dir must still write to cwd, not skip the download.
+	data, err := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join(tmpDir, "report.pdf"))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("empty --output-dir should still download to cwd: %v", err)
+	}
+	if string(data) != "pdf" {
+		t.Fatalf("downloaded content = %q", string(data))
+	}
+	if strings.Contains(stdout.String(), `"downloaded": false`) {
+		t.Fatalf("export-only path must not trigger for drive +export: %s", stdout.String())
+	}
+}
+
 func TestDriveExportAsyncUsesProvidedFileName(t *testing.T) {
 	f, stdout, _, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, driveTestConfig())
 	reg.Register(&httpmock.Stub{

shortcuts/drive/drive_import.go

@@ -34,128 +34,160 @@ var DriveImport = common.Shortcut{
 		{Name: "target-token", Desc: "existing token to import data into (only for type=bitable); when set, data is mounted into this bitable instead of creating a new one"},
 	},
 	Validate: func(ctx context.Context, runtime *common.RuntimeContext) error {
-		return validateDriveImportSpec(driveImportSpec{
-			FilePath:    runtime.Str("file"),
-			DocType:     strings.ToLower(runtime.Str("type")),
-			FolderToken: runtime.Str("folder-token"),
-			Name:        runtime.Str("name"),
-			TargetToken: runtime.Str("target-token"),
-		})
+		return ValidateImport(importParamsFromFlags(runtime))
 	},
 	DryRun: func(ctx context.Context, runtime *common.RuntimeContext) *common.DryRunAPI {
-		spec := driveImportSpec{
-			FilePath:    runtime.Str("file"),
-			DocType:     strings.ToLower(runtime.Str("type")),
-			FolderToken: runtime.Str("folder-token"),
-			Name:        runtime.Str("name"),
-			TargetToken: runtime.Str("target-token"),
-		}
-		fileSize, err := preflightDriveImportFile(runtime.FileIO(), &spec)
-		if err != nil {
-			return common.NewDryRunAPI().Set("error", err.Error())
-		}
-		if valErr := validateDriveImportSpec(spec); valErr != nil {
-			return common.NewDryRunAPI().Set("error", valErr.Error())
-		}
-
-		dry := common.NewDryRunAPI()
-		dry.Desc("Upload file (single-part or multipart) -> create import task -> poll status")
-
-		appendDriveImportUploadDryRun(dry, spec, fileSize)
-
-		dry.POST("/open-apis/drive/v1/import_tasks").
-			Desc("[2] Create import task").
-			Body(spec.CreateTaskBody("<file_token>"))
-
-		dry.GET("/open-apis/drive/v1/import_tasks/:ticket").
-			Desc("[3] Poll import task result").
-			Set("ticket", "<ticket>")
-		if runtime.IsBot() {
-			dry.Desc("After the import result returns the final cloud document target in bot mode, the CLI will also try to grant the current CLI user full_access (可管理权限) on it.")
-		}
-
-		return dry
+		return PlanImportDryRun(runtime, importParamsFromFlags(runtime))
 	},
 	Execute: func(ctx context.Context, runtime *common.RuntimeContext) error {
-		spec := driveImportSpec{
-			FilePath:    runtime.Str("file"),
-			DocType:     strings.ToLower(runtime.Str("type")),
-			FolderToken: runtime.Str("folder-token"),
-			Name:        runtime.Str("name"),
-			TargetToken: runtime.Str("target-token"),
-		}
-		if _, err := preflightDriveImportFile(runtime.FileIO(), &spec); err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-
-		// Step 1: Upload file as media
-		fileToken, uploadErr := uploadMediaForImport(ctx, runtime, spec.FilePath, spec.SourceFileName(), spec.DocType)
-		if uploadErr != nil {
-			return uploadErr
-		}
-
-		fmt.Fprintf(runtime.IO().ErrOut, "Creating import task for %s as %s...\n", spec.TargetFileName(), spec.DocType)
-
-		// Step 2: Create import task
-		ticket, err := createDriveImportTask(runtime, spec, fileToken)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-
-		// Step 3: Poll task
-		fmt.Fprintf(runtime.IO().ErrOut, "Polling import task %s...\n", ticket)
-
-		status, ready, err := pollDriveImportTask(runtime, ticket)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-
-		// Some intermediate responses omit the final type, so fall back to the
-		// requested type to keep the output shape stable.
-		resultType := status.DocType
-		if resultType == "" {
-			resultType = spec.DocType
-		}
-		out := map[string]interface{}{
-			"ticket":           ticket,
-			"type":             resultType,
-			"ready":            ready,
-			"job_status":       status.JobStatus,
-			"job_status_label": status.StatusLabel(),
-		}
-		if status.Token != "" {
-			out["token"] = status.Token
-		}
-		if statusURL := strings.TrimSpace(status.URL); statusURL != "" {
-			out["url"] = statusURL
-		} else if status.Token != "" {
-			if u := common.BuildResourceURL(runtime.Config.Brand, normalizeDriveImportKindForURL(resultType, spec.DocType), status.Token); u != "" {
-				out["url"] = u
-			}
-		}
-		if status.JobErrorMsg != "" {
-			out["job_error_msg"] = status.JobErrorMsg
-		}
-		if status.Extra != nil {
-			out["extra"] = status.Extra
-		}
-		if !ready {
-			nextCommand := driveImportTaskResultCommand(ticket)
-			fmt.Fprintf(runtime.IO().ErrOut, "Import task is still in progress. Continue with: %s\n", nextCommand)
-			out["timed_out"] = true
-			out["next_command"] = nextCommand
-		}
-		if ready {
-			if grant := common.AutoGrantCurrentUserDrivePermission(runtime, common.GetString(out, "token"), resultType); grant != nil {
-				out["permission_grant"] = grant
-			}
-		}
-
-		runtime.Out(out, nil)
-		return nil
+		return RunImport(ctx, runtime, importParamsFromFlags(runtime))
 	},
 }
 
+// ImportParams holds the user-facing inputs for an import flow, decoupled from
+// cobra flags so other command groups (e.g. sheets +workbook-import) can reuse
+// the drive import implementation without taking a dependency on a --type flag.
+type ImportParams struct {
+	File        string
+	DocType     string
+	FolderToken string
+	Name        string
+	TargetToken string
+}
+
+func (p ImportParams) spec() driveImportSpec {
+	return driveImportSpec{
+		FilePath:    p.File,
+		DocType:     strings.ToLower(p.DocType),
+		FolderToken: p.FolderToken,
+		Name:        p.Name,
+		TargetToken: p.TargetToken,
+	}
+}
+
+// importParamsFromFlags reads the standard drive +import flag set.
+func importParamsFromFlags(runtime *common.RuntimeContext) ImportParams {
+	return ImportParams{
+		File:        runtime.Str("file"),
+		DocType:     runtime.Str("type"),
+		FolderToken: runtime.Str("folder-token"),
+		Name:        runtime.Str("name"),
+		TargetToken: runtime.Str("target-token"),
+	}
+}
+
+// ValidateImport runs the CLI-level compatibility checks for an import.
+func ValidateImport(p ImportParams) error {
+	return validateDriveImportSpec(p.spec())
+}
+
+// PlanImportDryRun builds the dry-run plan (upload -> create task -> poll) for
+// an import without performing any network or file I/O beyond a local stat.
+func PlanImportDryRun(runtime *common.RuntimeContext, p ImportParams) *common.DryRunAPI {
+	spec := p.spec()
+	fileSize, err := preflightDriveImportFile(runtime.FileIO(), &spec)
+	if err != nil {
+		return common.NewDryRunAPI().Set("error", err.Error())
+	}
+	if valErr := validateDriveImportSpec(spec); valErr != nil {
+		return common.NewDryRunAPI().Set("error", valErr.Error())
+	}
+
+	dry := common.NewDryRunAPI()
+	dry.Desc("Upload file (single-part or multipart) -> create import task -> poll status")
+
+	appendDriveImportUploadDryRun(dry, spec, fileSize)
+
+	dry.POST("/open-apis/drive/v1/import_tasks").
+		Desc("[2] Create import task").
+		Body(spec.CreateTaskBody("<file_token>"))
+
+	dry.GET("/open-apis/drive/v1/import_tasks/:ticket").
+		Desc("[3] Poll import task result").
+		Set("ticket", "<ticket>")
+	if runtime.IsBot() {
+		dry.Desc("After the import result returns the final cloud document target in bot mode, the CLI will also try to grant the current CLI user full_access (可管理权限) on it.")
+	}
+
+	return dry
+}
+
+// RunImport executes the full import flow: upload media -> create import task ->
+// bounded poll, then writes the result envelope to the runtime output. It is
+// the shared core behind both drive +import and sheets +workbook-import.
+func RunImport(ctx context.Context, runtime *common.RuntimeContext, p ImportParams) error {
+	spec := p.spec()
+	if _, err := preflightDriveImportFile(runtime.FileIO(), &spec); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// Step 1: Upload file as media
+	fileToken, uploadErr := uploadMediaForImport(ctx, runtime, spec.FilePath, spec.SourceFileName(), spec.DocType)
+	if uploadErr != nil {
+		return uploadErr
+	}
+
+	fmt.Fprintf(runtime.IO().ErrOut, "Creating import task for %s as %s...\n", spec.TargetFileName(), spec.DocType)
+
+	// Step 2: Create import task
+	ticket, err := createDriveImportTask(runtime, spec, fileToken)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// Step 3: Poll task
+	fmt.Fprintf(runtime.IO().ErrOut, "Polling import task %s...\n", ticket)
+
+	status, ready, err := pollDriveImportTask(runtime, ticket)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// Some intermediate responses omit the final type, so fall back to the
+	// requested type to keep the output shape stable.
+	resultType := status.DocType
+	if resultType == "" {
+		resultType = spec.DocType
+	}
+	out := map[string]interface{}{
+		"ticket":           ticket,
+		"type":             resultType,
+		"ready":            ready,
+		"job_status":       status.JobStatus,
+		"job_status_label": status.StatusLabel(),
+	}
+	if status.Token != "" {
+		out["token"] = status.Token
+	}
+	if statusURL := strings.TrimSpace(status.URL); statusURL != "" {
+		out["url"] = statusURL
+	} else if status.Token != "" {
+		if u := common.BuildResourceURL(runtime.Config.Brand, normalizeDriveImportKindForURL(resultType, spec.DocType), status.Token); u != "" {
+			out["url"] = u
+		}
+	}
+	if status.JobErrorMsg != "" {
+		out["job_error_msg"] = status.JobErrorMsg
+	}
+	if status.Extra != nil {
+		out["extra"] = status.Extra
+	}
+	if !ready {
+		nextCommand := driveImportTaskResultCommand(ticket)
+		fmt.Fprintf(runtime.IO().ErrOut, "Import task is still in progress. Continue with: %s\n", nextCommand)
+		out["timed_out"] = true
+		out["next_command"] = nextCommand
+	}
+	if ready {
+		if grant := common.AutoGrantCurrentUserDrivePermission(runtime, common.GetString(out, "token"), resultType); grant != nil {
+			out["permission_grant"] = grant
+		}
+	}
+
+	runtime.Out(out, nil)
+	return nil
+}
+
 func preflightDriveImportFile(fio fileio.FileIO, spec *driveImportSpec) (int64, error) {
 	// Keep dry-run and execution aligned on path normalization, file existence,
 	// and format-specific size limits before planning the upload path.

shortcuts/drive/drive_inspect.go

@@ -8,11 +8,19 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"strings"
+	"time"
 
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/shortcuts/common"
 )
 
+const (
+	driveInspectRateLimitRetries    = 2
+	driveInspectRetryInitialBackoff = 200 * time.Millisecond
+)
+
+var driveInspectAfter = time.After
+
 var DriveInspect = common.Shortcut{
 	Service:           "drive",
 	Command:           "+inspect",
@@ -35,32 +43,15 @@ var DriveInspect = common.Shortcut{
 		},
 	},
 	Validate: func(ctx context.Context, runtime *common.RuntimeContext) error {
-		raw := strings.TrimSpace(runtime.Str("url"))
-		if raw == "" {
-			return errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, "--url cannot be empty").WithParam("--url")
-		}
-
-		_, ok := common.ParseResourceURL(raw)
-		if !ok {
-			// Not a recognized URL pattern.
-			if strings.Contains(raw, "://") {
-				return errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, "unsupported --url %q: use a recognized Lark document URL or a bare token with --type", raw).WithParam("--url")
-			}
-			// Bare token: --type is required.
-			if strings.TrimSpace(runtime.Str("type")) == "" {
-				return errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, "--type is required when --url is a bare token (allowed: doc, docx, sheet, bitable, wiki, file, folder, mindnote, slides)").WithParam("--type")
-			}
+		if _, err := driveInspectResolveRef(runtime); err != nil {
+			return err
 		}
 		return nil
 	},
 	DryRun: func(ctx context.Context, runtime *common.RuntimeContext) *common.DryRunAPI {
-		raw := strings.TrimSpace(runtime.Str("url"))
-		ref, ok := common.ParseResourceURL(raw)
-		if !ok {
-			ref = common.ResourceRef{
-				Type:  strings.TrimSpace(runtime.Str("type")),
-				Token: raw,
-			}
+		ref, err := driveInspectResolveRef(runtime)
+		if err != nil {
+			return common.NewDryRunAPI()
 		}
 
 		dry := common.NewDryRunAPI()
@@ -91,15 +82,9 @@ var DriveInspect = common.Shortcut{
 	},
 	Execute: func(ctx context.Context, runtime *common.RuntimeContext) error {
 		raw := strings.TrimSpace(runtime.Str("url"))
-
-		// Step 1: Parse URL to extract {type, token}.
-		ref, ok := common.ParseResourceURL(raw)
-		if !ok {
-			// Bare token: use --type.
-			ref = common.ResourceRef{
-				Type:  strings.TrimSpace(runtime.Str("type")),
-				Token: raw,
-			}
+		ref, err := driveInspectResolveRef(runtime)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
 		}
 
 		inputURL := raw
@@ -111,14 +96,19 @@ var DriveInspect = common.Shortcut{
 		// Step 2: If type is "wiki", unwrap via get_node API.
 		if docType == "wiki" {
 			fmt.Fprintf(runtime.IO().ErrOut, "Inspecting wiki node: %s\n", common.MaskToken(docToken))
-			data, err := runtime.CallAPITyped(
-				"GET",
-				"/open-apis/wiki/v2/spaces/get_node",
-				map[string]interface{}{"token": docToken},
-				nil,
+			data, err := driveInspectCallWithRetry(
+				ctx,
+				func() (map[string]interface{}, error) {
+					return runtime.CallAPITyped(
+						"GET",
+						"/open-apis/wiki/v2/spaces/get_node",
+						map[string]interface{}{"token": docToken},
+						nil,
+					)
+				},
 			)
 			if err != nil {
-				return err
+				return driveInspectAnnotateError("resolve_wiki", err)
 			}
 
 			node := common.GetMap(data, "node")
@@ -145,9 +135,9 @@ var DriveInspect = common.Shortcut{
 		}
 
 		// Step 3: Call batch_query to verify and get title.
-		title, err := common.FetchDriveMetaTitle(runtime, docToken, docType)
+		title, err := driveInspectFetchMetaTitle(ctx, runtime, docToken, docType)
 		if err != nil {
-			return err
+			return driveInspectAnnotateError("query_meta", err)
 		}
 
 		// Step 4: Build the resolved URL.
@@ -181,3 +171,116 @@ var DriveInspect = common.Shortcut{
 		return nil
 	},
 }
+
+func driveInspectResolveRef(runtime *common.RuntimeContext) (common.ResourceRef, error) {
+	raw := strings.TrimSpace(runtime.Str("url"))
+	if raw == "" {
+		return common.ResourceRef{}, errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, "--url cannot be empty").WithParam("--url")
+	}
+
+	inputType := strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(runtime.Str("type")))
+	ref, ok := common.ParseResourceURL(raw)
+	if ok {
+		if inputType != "" && inputType != ref.Type {
+			return common.ResourceRef{}, errs.NewValidationError(
+				errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument,
+				"--type %q conflicts with URL path type %q; remove --type or use a matching value",
+				inputType,
+				ref.Type,
+			).WithParam("--type")
+		}
+		return ref, nil
+	}
+
+	if strings.Contains(raw, "://") {
+		return common.ResourceRef{}, errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, "unsupported --url %q: use a recognized Lark document URL or a bare token with --type", raw).WithParam("--url")
+	}
+	if strings.ContainsAny(raw, "/?#") {
+		return common.ResourceRef{}, errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, "invalid bare token %q: remove path/query fragments and pass only the raw token with --type", raw).WithParam("--url")
+	}
+	if inputType == "" {
+		return common.ResourceRef{}, errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, "--type is required when --url is a bare token (allowed: doc, docx, sheet, bitable, wiki, file, folder, mindnote, slides)").WithParam("--type")
+	}
+	return common.ResourceRef{Type: inputType, Token: raw}, nil
+}
+
+func driveInspectFetchMetaTitle(ctx context.Context, runtime *common.RuntimeContext, token, docType string) (string, error) {
+	var title string
+	_, err := driveInspectCallWithRetry(ctx, func() (map[string]interface{}, error) {
+		got, callErr := common.FetchDriveMeta(runtime, token, docType, false)
+		if callErr != nil {
+			return nil, callErr
+		}
+		title = got.Title
+		return map[string]interface{}{"title": got.Title}, nil
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	return title, nil
+}
+
+func driveInspectCallWithRetry(ctx context.Context, call func() (map[string]interface{}, error)) (map[string]interface{}, error) {
+	var lastErr error
+	for attempt := 0; attempt <= driveInspectRateLimitRetries; attempt++ {
+		data, err := call()
+		if err == nil {
+			return data, nil
+		}
+		lastErr = err
+		if !driveInspectShouldRetry(err) || attempt == driveInspectRateLimitRetries {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		backoff := driveInspectRetryInitialBackoff * time.Duration(1<<attempt)
+		if waitErr := driveInspectWait(ctx, backoff); waitErr != nil {
+			return nil, waitErr
+		}
+	}
+	return nil, lastErr
+}
+
+func driveInspectShouldRetry(err error) bool {
+	problem, ok := errs.ProblemOf(err)
+	if !ok || problem == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	return problem.Subtype == errs.SubtypeRateLimit || problem.Code == 99991400 || problem.Retryable
+}
+
+func driveInspectWait(ctx context.Context, d time.Duration) error {
+	if d <= 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	select {
+	case <-ctx.Done():
+		return errs.WrapInternal(ctx.Err())
+	case <-driveInspectAfter(d):
+		return nil
+	}
+}
+
+func driveInspectAnnotateError(stage string, err error) error {
+	problem, ok := errs.ProblemOf(err)
+	if !ok || problem == nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	label := map[string]string{
+		"resolve_wiki": "resolve wiki node",
+		"query_meta":   "query document metadata",
+	}[stage]
+	if label == "" {
+		label = stage
+	}
+	problem.Message = fmt.Sprintf("%s failed: %s", label, problem.Message)
+	if strings.TrimSpace(problem.Hint) == "" {
+		switch stage {
+		case "resolve_wiki":
+			problem.Hint = "check that the wiki URL/token is valid and that the current identity can read the wiki node"
+		case "query_meta":
+			problem.Hint = "check that the resolved document still exists and that the current identity can read its metadata"
+		}
+	} else if !strings.Contains(problem.Hint, label) {
+		problem.Hint = label + ": " + problem.Hint
+	}
+	return err
+}

shortcuts/drive/drive_inspect_test.go

@@ -6,10 +6,13 @@ package drive
 import (
 	"context"
 	"encoding/json"
+	"strings"
 	"testing"
+	"time"
 
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/httpmock"
@@ -83,6 +86,34 @@ func TestDriveInspectValidate_BareTokenWithType(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestDriveInspectValidate_URLTypeConflict(t *testing.T) {
+	cmd := &cobra.Command{Use: "drive +inspect"}
+	cmd.Flags().String("url", "", "")
+	cmd.Flags().String("type", "", "")
+	_ = cmd.Flags().Set("url", "https://xxx.feishu.cn/docx/doxcnBareToken")
+	_ = cmd.Flags().Set("type", "sheet")
+
+	runtime := common.TestNewRuntimeContext(cmd, &core.CliConfig{})
+	err := DriveInspect.Validate(context.Background(), runtime)
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected error for conflicting --type, got nil")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDriveInspectValidate_BareTokenWithPathFragment(t *testing.T) {
+	cmd := &cobra.Command{Use: "drive +inspect"}
+	cmd.Flags().String("url", "", "")
+	cmd.Flags().String("type", "", "")
+	_ = cmd.Flags().Set("url", "doxcnBareToken/extra")
+	_ = cmd.Flags().Set("type", "docx")
+
+	runtime := common.TestNewRuntimeContext(cmd, &core.CliConfig{})
+	err := DriveInspect.Validate(context.Background(), runtime)
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected error for bare token with path fragment, got nil")
+	}
+}
+
 func TestDriveInspectValidate_ValidDocxURL(t *testing.T) {
 	cmd := &cobra.Command{Use: "drive +inspect"}
 	cmd.Flags().String("url", "", "")
@@ -540,6 +571,76 @@ func TestDriveInspectExecute_BatchQueryError(t *testing.T) {
 	if err == nil {
 		t.Fatal("expected error for batch_query failure, got nil")
 	}
+	p, ok := errs.ProblemOf(err)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("expected typed error, got %T", err)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(p.Message, "query document metadata failed") {
+		t.Fatalf("message = %q, want query document metadata prefix", p.Message)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDriveInspectExecute_RetriesRateLimitOnWikiResolve(t *testing.T) {
+	cfg := driveTestConfig()
+	f, stdout, _, reg := cmdutil.TestFactory(t, cfg)
+
+	reg.Register(&httpmock.Stub{
+		Method: "GET",
+		URL:    "/open-apis/wiki/v2/spaces/get_node",
+		Body: map[string]interface{}{
+			"code": 99991400,
+			"msg":  "request trigger frequency limit",
+		},
+	})
+	reg.Register(&httpmock.Stub{
+		Method: "GET",
+		URL:    "/open-apis/wiki/v2/spaces/get_node",
+		Body: map[string]interface{}{
+			"code": 0,
+			"data": map[string]interface{}{
+				"node": map[string]interface{}{
+					"obj_type":   "docx",
+					"obj_token":  "doxcnUnwrapped",
+					"space_id":   "space123",
+					"node_token": "wikcnNodeToken",
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	})
+	reg.Register(&httpmock.Stub{
+		Method: "POST",
+		URL:    "/open-apis/drive/v1/metas/batch_query",
+		Body: map[string]interface{}{
+			"code": 0,
+			"data": map[string]interface{}{
+				"metas": []map[string]interface{}{
+					{"doc_token": "doxcnUnwrapped", "doc_type": "docx", "title": "Wiki Doc"},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	})
+
+	origAfter := driveInspectAfter
+	driveInspectAfter = func(time.Duration) <-chan time.Time {
+		ch := make(chan time.Time, 1)
+		ch <- time.Now()
+		return ch
+	}
+	defer func() { driveInspectAfter = origAfter }()
+
+	err := mountAndRunDrive(t, DriveInspect, []string{
+		"+inspect",
+		"--url", "https://xxx.feishu.cn/wiki/wikcnABC",
+		"--as", "bot",
+	}, f, stdout)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected error after retry: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	data := decodeDriveEnvelope(t, stdout)
+	if data["token"] != "doxcnUnwrapped" {
+		t.Fatalf("token = %v, want doxcnUnwrapped", data["token"])
+	}
 }
 
 func TestDriveInspectExecute_PrettyFormat(t *testing.T) {

shortcuts/event/errors.go

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Lark Technologies Pte. Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package event
+
+import "github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
+
+func eventValidationError(format string, args ...any) *errs.ValidationError {
+	return errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, format, args...)
+}
+
+func eventValidationParamError(param, format string, args ...any) *errs.ValidationError {
+	return eventValidationError(format, args...).WithParam(param)
+}
+
+// eventValidationParamErrorWithCause appends ": <err>" to the formatted
+// message and preserves err as the unwrap cause.
+func eventValidationParamErrorWithCause(err error, param, format string, args ...any) *errs.ValidationError {
+	return eventValidationParamError(param, format+": %s", append(args, err)...).WithCause(err)
+}
+
+// eventFileIOError appends ": <err>" to the formatted message and preserves
+// err as the unwrap cause.
+func eventFileIOError(err error, format string, args ...any) *errs.InternalError {
+	return errs.NewInternalError(errs.SubtypeFileIO, format+": %s", append(args, err)...).WithCause(err)
+}
+
+// eventNetworkError appends ": <err>" to the formatted message and preserves
+// err as the unwrap cause.
+func eventNetworkError(err error, format string, args ...any) *errs.NetworkError {
+	return errs.NewNetworkError(errs.SubtypeNetworkTransport, format+": %s", append(args, err)...).WithCause(err)
+}

shortcuts/event/pipeline.go

@@ -63,13 +63,13 @@ func NewEventPipeline(
 func (p *EventPipeline) EnsureDirs() error {
 	if p.config.OutputDir != "" {
 		if err := vfs.MkdirAll(p.config.OutputDir, 0700); err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("create output dir: %w", err)
+			return eventFileIOError(err, "create output dir")
 		}
 	}
 	if p.config.Router != nil {
 		for _, route := range p.config.Router.routes {
 			if err := vfs.MkdirAll(route.dir, 0700); err != nil {
-				return fmt.Errorf("create route dir %s: %w", route.dir, err)
+				return eventFileIOError(err, "create route dir %s", route.dir)
 			}
 		}
 	}

shortcuts/event/processor_test.go

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import (
 	"bytes"
 	"context"
 	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
 	"io"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
@@ -15,7 +16,13 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/cmdutil"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/lockfile"
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/shortcuts/common"
 	larkevent "github.com/larksuite/oapi-sdk-go/v3/event"
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 )
 
 // chdirTemp changes cwd to a fresh temp dir for the test duration.
@@ -44,6 +51,87 @@ func makeRawEvent(eventType string, eventJSON string) *RawEvent {
 	}
 }
 
+func requireProblem(t *testing.T, err error, category errs.Category, subtype errs.Subtype, param string) {
+	t.Helper()
+	p, ok := errs.ProblemOf(err)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("ProblemOf(%T) = false, error: %v", err, err)
+	}
+	if p.Category != category || p.Subtype != subtype {
+		t.Fatalf("problem = %s/%s, want %s/%s", p.Category, p.Subtype, category, subtype)
+	}
+	if param != "" {
+		var ve *errs.ValidationError
+		if !errors.As(err, &ve) {
+			t.Fatalf("error %T is not *errs.ValidationError", err)
+		}
+		if ve.Param != param {
+			t.Fatalf("Param = %q, want %q", ve.Param, param)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestEventTypedErrorHelpers(t *testing.T) {
+	cause := errors.New("cause")
+
+	validation := eventValidationError("bad input")
+	requireProblem(t, validation, errs.CategoryValidation, errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, "")
+
+	paramErr := eventValidationParamErrorWithCause(cause, "--flag", "bad %s value", "flag")
+	requireProblem(t, paramErr, errs.CategoryValidation, errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, "--flag")
+	if got := paramErr.Error(); got != "bad flag value: cause" {
+		t.Fatalf("message = %q, want %q", got, "bad flag value: cause")
+	}
+	if !errors.Is(paramErr, cause) {
+		t.Fatal("validation error should preserve its cause")
+	}
+
+	fileErr := eventFileIOError(cause, "write failed")
+	requireProblem(t, fileErr, errs.CategoryInternal, errs.SubtypeFileIO, "")
+	if got := fileErr.Error(); got != "write failed: cause" {
+		t.Fatalf("message = %q, want %q", got, "write failed: cause")
+	}
+	if !errors.Is(fileErr, cause) {
+		t.Fatal("file_io error should preserve its cause")
+	}
+
+	networkErr := eventNetworkError(cause, "websocket failed")
+	requireProblem(t, networkErr, errs.CategoryNetwork, errs.SubtypeNetworkTransport, "")
+	if got := networkErr.Error(); got != "websocket failed: cause" {
+		t.Fatalf("message = %q, want %q", got, "websocket failed: cause")
+	}
+	if !errors.Is(networkErr, cause) {
+		t.Fatal("network error should preserve its cause")
+	}
+}
+
+func newSubscribeTestRuntime(t *testing.T) *common.RuntimeContext {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	var out, errOut bytes.Buffer
+	cmd := &cobra.Command{Use: "+subscribe"}
+	cmd.Flags().String("event-types", "", "")
+	cmd.Flags().String("filter", "", "")
+	cmd.Flags().Bool("json", false, "")
+	cmd.Flags().Bool("compact", false, "")
+	cmd.Flags().String("output-dir", "", "")
+	cmd.Flags().Bool("quiet", false, "")
+	cmd.Flags().StringArray("route", nil, "")
+	cmd.Flags().Bool("force", false, "")
+
+	return &common.RuntimeContext{
+		Cmd: cmd,
+		Config: &core.CliConfig{
+			AppID:     "cli_event_test",
+			AppSecret: "secret",
+			Brand:     core.BrandFeishu,
+		},
+		Factory: &cmdutil.Factory{
+			IOStreams: cmdutil.NewIOStreams(strings.NewReader(""), &out, &errOut),
+		},
+	}
+}
+
 // --- Registry ---
 
 func TestRegistryLookup(t *testing.T) {
@@ -63,9 +151,11 @@ func TestRegistryDuplicateReturnsError(t *testing.T) {
 	if err := r.Register(&ImMessageProcessor{}); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("first register should succeed: %v", err)
 	}
-	if err := r.Register(&ImMessageProcessor{}); err == nil {
+	err := r.Register(&ImMessageProcessor{})
+	if err == nil {
 		t.Error("expected error on duplicate registration")
 	}
+	requireProblem(t, err, errs.CategoryInternal, errs.SubtypeUnknown, "")
 }
 
 // --- Filters ---
@@ -106,6 +196,54 @@ func TestRegexFilter_Invalid(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestEventSubscribeExecuteRejectsUnsafeOutputDir(t *testing.T) {
+	rt := newSubscribeTestRuntime(t)
+	if err := rt.Cmd.Flags().Set("output-dir", "/tmp/events"); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	err := EventSubscribe.Execute(context.Background(), rt)
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected unsafe output-dir error")
+	}
+	requireProblem(t, err, errs.CategoryValidation, errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, "--output-dir")
+	if errors.Unwrap(err) == nil {
+		t.Fatal("unsafe output-dir error should preserve its cause")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestEventSubscribeExecuteRejectsInvalidFilter(t *testing.T) {
+	rt := newSubscribeTestRuntime(t)
+	if err := rt.Cmd.Flags().Set("force", "true"); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := rt.Cmd.Flags().Set("filter", "[invalid"); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	err := EventSubscribe.Execute(context.Background(), rt)
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected invalid filter error")
+	}
+	requireProblem(t, err, errs.CategoryValidation, errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, "--filter")
+	if errors.Unwrap(err) == nil {
+		t.Fatal("invalid filter error should preserve its cause")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestEventSubscribeExecuteRejectsInvalidRoute(t *testing.T) {
+	rt := newSubscribeTestRuntime(t)
+	if err := rt.Cmd.Flags().Set("force", "true"); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := rt.Cmd.Flags().Set("route", "no-equals-sign"); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	err := EventSubscribe.Execute(context.Background(), rt)
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected invalid route error")
+	}
+	requireProblem(t, err, errs.CategoryValidation, errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, "--route")
+}
+
 func TestFilterChain(t *testing.T) {
 	etf := NewEventTypeFilter("im.message.receive_v1, drive.file.edit_v1")
 	rf, _ := NewRegexFilter("im\\..*")
@@ -339,6 +477,106 @@ func TestPipeline_OutputDir(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestEventSubscribeExecuteRejectsHeldLock(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv("LARKSUITE_CLI_CONFIG_DIR", t.TempDir())
+	lock, err := lockfile.ForSubscribe("cli_event_test")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := lock.TryLock(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = lock.Unlock() })
+
+	rt := newSubscribeTestRuntime(t)
+	execErr := EventSubscribe.Execute(context.Background(), rt)
+	if execErr == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected lock-held error")
+	}
+	requireProblem(t, execErr, errs.CategoryValidation, errs.SubtypeFailedPrecondition, "")
+	if !errors.Is(execErr, lockfile.ErrHeld) {
+		t.Error("lock-held error should preserve lockfile.ErrHeld for errors.Is")
+	}
+	p, _ := errs.ProblemOf(execErr)
+	if p.Hint == "" {
+		t.Error("lock-held error should carry a recovery hint")
+	}
+	var ve *errs.ValidationError
+	if errors.As(execErr, &ve) && ve.Param != "" {
+		t.Errorf("lock contention names no offending flag; param = %q, want empty", ve.Param)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestEventSubscribeDryRunEchoesFlags(t *testing.T) {
+	rt := newSubscribeTestRuntime(t)
+	for flag, value := range map[string]string{
+		"event-types": "im.message.receive_v1",
+		"filter":      "^im\\.",
+		"output-dir":  "events_out",
+	} {
+		if err := rt.Cmd.Flags().Set(flag, value); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+	}
+	if err := rt.Cmd.Flags().Set("route", "^im\\.message=dir:./messages"); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	d := EventSubscribe.DryRun(context.Background(), rt)
+	if d == nil {
+		t.Fatal("DryRun returned nil")
+	}
+	payload, err := json.Marshal(d)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	for _, want := range []string{
+		`"command":"event +subscribe"`,
+		`"app_id":"cli_event_test"`,
+		`"event_types":"im.message.receive_v1"`,
+		`"output_dir":"events_out"`,
+	} {
+		if !strings.Contains(string(payload), want) {
+			t.Errorf("dry-run payload missing %s\ngot: %s", want, payload)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestPipeline_EnsureDirsRouteDirFileIOError(t *testing.T) {
+	chdirTemp(t)
+	if err := os.WriteFile("blocked", []byte("x"), 0600); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	router, err := ParseRoutes([]string{`^im\.=dir:./blocked/child`})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("ParseRoutes: %v", err)
+	}
+	p := NewEventPipeline(DefaultRegistry(), NewFilterChain(),
+		PipelineConfig{Mode: TransformCompact, Router: router}, io.Discard, io.Discard)
+	err = p.EnsureDirs()
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected file_io error for route dir blocked by a file")
+	}
+	requireProblem(t, err, errs.CategoryInternal, errs.SubtypeFileIO, "")
+}
+
+func TestPipeline_EnsureDirsFileIOError(t *testing.T) {
+	path := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "not-a-dir")
+	if err := os.WriteFile(path, []byte("x"), 0600); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	p := NewEventPipeline(DefaultRegistry(), NewFilterChain(),
+		PipelineConfig{Mode: TransformCompact, OutputDir: filepath.Join(path, "child")}, io.Discard, io.Discard)
+	err := p.EnsureDirs()
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected file_io error")
+	}
+	requireProblem(t, err, errs.CategoryInternal, errs.SubtypeFileIO, "")
+	if errors.Unwrap(err) == nil {
+		t.Fatal("file_io error should preserve its cause")
+	}
+}
+
 // --- Pipeline: JsonFlag ---
 
 func TestPipeline_JsonFlag(t *testing.T) {
@@ -608,6 +846,7 @@ func TestParseRoutes_MissingEquals(t *testing.T) {
 	if err == nil {
 		t.Error("expected error for missing =")
 	}
+	requireProblem(t, err, errs.CategoryValidation, errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, "--route")
 }
 
 func TestParseRoutes_InvalidRegex(t *testing.T) {
@@ -615,6 +854,10 @@ func TestParseRoutes_InvalidRegex(t *testing.T) {
 	if err == nil {
 		t.Error("expected error for invalid regex")
 	}
+	requireProblem(t, err, errs.CategoryValidation, errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, "--route")
+	if errors.Unwrap(err) == nil {
+		t.Fatal("invalid regex error should preserve its cause")
+	}
 }
 
 func TestParseRoutes_MissingPrefix(t *testing.T) {
@@ -622,6 +865,7 @@ func TestParseRoutes_MissingPrefix(t *testing.T) {
 	if err == nil {
 		t.Error("expected error for missing dir: prefix")
 	}
+	requireProblem(t, err, errs.CategoryValidation, errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, "--route")
 	if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "dir:") {
 		t.Errorf("error should mention dir: prefix, got: %v", err)
 	}
@@ -632,6 +876,7 @@ func TestParseRoutes_EmptyPath(t *testing.T) {
 	if err == nil {
 		t.Error("expected error for empty path")
 	}
+	requireProblem(t, err, errs.CategoryValidation, errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, "--route")
 }
 
 func TestParseRoutes_RejectsAbsolutePath(t *testing.T) {
@@ -639,6 +884,7 @@ func TestParseRoutes_RejectsAbsolutePath(t *testing.T) {
 	if err == nil {
 		t.Error("expected error for absolute path in route")
 	}
+	requireProblem(t, err, errs.CategoryValidation, errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, "--route")
 }
 
 func TestParseRoutes_RejectsTraversal(t *testing.T) {
@@ -646,6 +892,7 @@ func TestParseRoutes_RejectsTraversal(t *testing.T) {
 	if err == nil {
 		t.Error("expected error for path traversal in route")
 	}
+	requireProblem(t, err, errs.CategoryValidation, errs.SubtypeInvalidArgument, "--route")
 }
 
 func TestParseRoutes_PathSafety(t *testing.T) {

shortcuts/event/registry.go

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 package event
 
-import "fmt"
+import "github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
 
 // ProcessorRegistry manages event_type → EventProcessor mappings.
 type ProcessorRegistry struct {
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ func NewProcessorRegistry(fallback EventProcessor) *ProcessorRegistry {
 func (r *ProcessorRegistry) Register(p EventProcessor) error {
 	et := p.EventType()
 	if _, exists := r.processors[et]; exists {
-		return fmt.Errorf("duplicate event processor for: %s", et)
+		return errs.NewInternalError(errs.SubtypeUnknown, "duplicate event processor for: %s", et)
 	}
 	r.processors[et] = p
 	return nil

shortcuts/event/router.go

@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@
 package event
 
 import (
-	"fmt"
 	"regexp"
 	"strings"
 
@@ -34,27 +33,27 @@ func ParseRoutes(specs []string) (*EventRouter, error) {
 	for _, spec := range specs {
 		parts := strings.SplitN(spec, "=", 2)
 		if len(parts) != 2 {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid route %q: expected format regex=dir:./path", spec)
+			return nil, eventValidationParamError("--route", "invalid --route %q: expected format regex=dir:./path", spec)
 		}
 		pattern := parts[0]
 		target := parts[1]
 
 		re, err := regexp.Compile(pattern)
 		if err != nil {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid regex in route %q: %w", spec, err)
+			return nil, eventValidationParamErrorWithCause(err, "--route", "invalid regex in --route %q", spec)
 		}
 
 		if !strings.HasPrefix(target, "dir:") {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid route target %q: must start with \"dir:\" prefix (format: regex=dir:./path)", target)
+			return nil, eventValidationParamError("--route", "invalid --route target %q: must start with \"dir:\" prefix (format: regex=dir:./path)", target)
 		}
 		dir := strings.TrimPrefix(target, "dir:")
 		if dir == "" {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid route %q: directory path is empty", spec)
+			return nil, eventValidationParamError("--route", "invalid --route %q: directory path is empty", spec)
 		}
 
 		safeDir, err := validate.SafeOutputPath(dir)
 		if err != nil {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid route %q: %w", spec, err)
+			return nil, eventValidationParamErrorWithCause(err, "--route", "invalid --route %q", spec)
 		}
 
 		routes = append(routes, Route{pattern: re, dir: safeDir})

shortcuts/event/subscribe.go

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ package event
 import (
 	"context"
 	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"os"
@@ -13,6 +14,7 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 	"syscall"
 
+	"github.com/larksuite/cli/errs"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/core"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/lockfile"
 	"github.com/larksuite/cli/internal/output"
@@ -144,7 +146,7 @@ var EventSubscribe = common.Shortcut{
 		if outputDir != "" {
 			safePath, err := validate.SafeOutputPath(outputDir)
 			if err != nil {
-				return output.ErrValidation("unsafe output path: %s", err)
+				return eventValidationParamErrorWithCause(err, "--output-dir", "unsafe --output-dir")
 			}
 			outputDir = safePath
 		}
@@ -162,15 +164,18 @@ var EventSubscribe = common.Shortcut{
 		if !forceFlag {
 			lock, err := lockfile.ForSubscribe(runtime.Config.AppID)
 			if err != nil {
-				return fmt.Errorf("failed to create lock: %w", err)
+				return eventFileIOError(err, "failed to create event subscriber lock")
 			}
 			if err := lock.TryLock(); err != nil {
-				return output.ErrValidation(
-					"another event +subscribe instance is already running for app %s\n"+
-						"  Only one subscriber per app is allowed to prevent competing consumers.\n"+
-						"  Use --force to bypass this check.",
-					runtime.Config.AppID,
-				)
+				if errors.Is(err, lockfile.ErrHeld) {
+					return errs.NewValidationError(errs.SubtypeFailedPrecondition,
+						"another event +subscribe instance is already running for app %s\n"+
+							"  Only one subscriber per app is allowed to prevent competing consumers.\n"+
+							"  Use --force to bypass this check.",
+						runtime.Config.AppID,
+					).WithHint("stop the existing subscriber for this app, or rerun with --force if you accept split event delivery").WithCause(err)
+				}
+				return eventFileIOError(err, "failed to acquire event subscriber lock")
 			}
 			defer lock.Unlock()
 		}
@@ -179,7 +184,7 @@ var EventSubscribe = common.Shortcut{
 		eventTypeFilter := NewEventTypeFilter(eventTypesStr)
 		regexFilter, err := NewRegexFilter(filterStr)
 		if err != nil {
-			return output.ErrValidation("invalid --filter regex: %s", filterStr)
+			return eventValidationParamErrorWithCause(err, "--filter", "invalid --filter regex %q", filterStr)
 		}
 		var filterList []EventFilter
 		if eventTypeFilter != nil {
@@ -193,7 +198,7 @@ var EventSubscribe = common.Shortcut{
 		// --- Parse route ---
 		router, err := ParseRoutes(routeSpecs)
 		if err != nil {
-			return output.ErrValidation("invalid --route: %v", err)
+			return err
 		}
 
 		// --- Build pipeline ---
@@ -292,7 +297,7 @@ var EventSubscribe = common.Shortcut{
 				return nil
 			}
 			if err != nil {
-				return output.ErrNetwork("WebSocket connection failed: %v", err)
+				return eventNetworkError(err, "WebSocket connection failed")
 			}
 			return nil
 		}

shortcuts/im/convert_lib/helpers.go

@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ func batchResolveByBasicContact(runtime *common.RuntimeContext, missingIDs []str
 		}
 		batch := missingIDs[i:end]
 
-		data, err := runtime.DoAPIJSON(http.MethodPost,
+		data, err := runtime.DoAPIJSONTyped(http.MethodPost,
 			"/open-apis/contact/v3/users/basic_batch",
 			larkcore.QueryParams{"user_id_type": []string{"open_id"}},
 			map[string]interface{}{"user_ids": batch},
@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ func batchResolveUsers(runtime *common.RuntimeContext, missingIDs []string, name
 		}
 		apiURL := "/open-apis/contact/v3/users/batch?" + strings.Join(parts, "&")
 
-		data, err := runtime.DoAPIJSON(http.MethodGet, apiURL, nil, nil)
+		data, err := runtime.DoAPIJSONTyped(http.MethodGet, apiURL, nil, nil)
 		if err != nil {
 			break
 		}